diff --git a/.github/actions/image-tag-and-push/action.yml b/.github/actions/image-tag-and-push/action.yml
index fa733dff..a1b71db9 100644
--- a/.github/actions/image-tag-and-push/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/image-tag-and-push/action.yml
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ runs:
   steps:
     - name: Login to Docker Hub
       if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && inputs.last_commit_tag_exists == '0' }}
-      uses: docker/login-action@v3
+      uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 #v3.4.0
       with:
         username: ${{ inputs.docker_username }}
         password: ${{ inputs.docker_password }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/all-tools.yml b/.github/workflows/all-tools.yml
index cb9b58c8..71661e60 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/all-tools.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/all-tools.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 name: All tools CI
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+  packages: write
+
 on:
   push:
     branches:
@@ -93,7 +98,7 @@ jobs:
           submodules: true
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
         if: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != '' && env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN != '' }}
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 #v3.4.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -103,17 +108,17 @@ jobs:
       # cases. We can later set up self-hosted arm64 github runners if we
       # want arm* based images back.
       # - name: Set up QEMU
-      #   uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      #   uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@29109295f81e9208d7d86ff1c6c12d2833863392 #v3.6.0
       #   with:
       #     platforms: 'arm64,arm'
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@e468171a9de216ec08956ac3ada2f0791b6bd435 #v3.11.1
       - name: Show the "version" build argument
         run: |
           echo "We inject the commit tag in the docker image ${{ env.COMMIT_TAG }}"
           echo COMMIT_TAG=${{ env.COMMIT_TAG }} >> GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Build and push all tools image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@263435318d21b8e681c14492fe198d362a7d2c83 #v6.18.0
         with:
           context: .
           file: ./operations/Dockerfile
diff --git a/.github/workflows/bridge-ui-e2e-tests.yml b/.github/workflows/bridge-ui-e2e-tests.yml
index 3b6834a7..2cc741a9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/bridge-ui-e2e-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/bridge-ui-e2e-tests.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 name: Run Bridge UI E2E Tests
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+
 on:
   pull_request:
     branches:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/bridge-ui-publish.yml b/.github/workflows/bridge-ui-publish.yml
index f8358d18..4a3fdd32 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/bridge-ui-publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/bridge-ui-publish.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 name: Bridge UI Build and Publish
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+  packages: write
+
 on:
   pull_request:
     branches:
@@ -43,17 +48,17 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Login to Docker Repository
         if: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != '' && env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN != '' }}
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 #v3.4.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@e468171a9de216ec08956ac3ada2f0791b6bd435 #v3.11.1
 
       - name: Docker Image Build and Publish
         id: docker-build-publish
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@263435318d21b8e681c14492fe198d362a7d2c83 #v6.18.0
         with:
           context: .
           file: ./bridge-ui/Dockerfile
@@ -83,7 +88,7 @@ jobs:
           NEXT_PUBLIC_ONRAMPER_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PUBLIC_ONRAMPER_API_KEY }}
           NEXT_PUBLIC_LAYERSWAP_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PUBLIC_LAYERSWAP_API_KEY }}
           NEXT_PUBLIC_ENVIRONMENT: ${{ matrix.environment }}
-  
+
   test-build:
     if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == true
     # ~1 min saved vs small
@@ -92,7 +97,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      
+
       - name: Setup nodejs environment
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nodejs
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-and-publish.yml b/.github/workflows/build-and-publish.yml
index 0e811e0a..efc8e6a8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-and-publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-and-publish.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 name: Docker build and publish
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+  packages: write
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codecov-external-pr.yml b/.github/workflows/codecov-external-pr.yml
index 0b40c0e7..e82e193e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codecov-external-pr.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codecov-external-pr.yml
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ jobs:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           # Gets run id of the precedeing workflow that triggered this workflow_run
           run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
-      - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+      - uses: codecov/codecov-action@18283e04ce6e62d37312384ff67231eb8fd56d24 #v5.4.3
         if: ${{ steps.coordinator-report-download.outcome == 'success' }}
         with:
           fail_ci_if_error: true
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ jobs:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           # Gets run id of the precedeing workflow that triggered this workflow_run
           run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
-      - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+      - uses: codecov/codecov-action@18283e04ce6e62d37312384ff67231eb8fd56d24 #v5.4.3
         if: ${{ steps.smc-report-download.outcome == 'success' }}
         with:
           fail_ci_if_error: true
@@ -103,4 +103,4 @@ jobs:
           os: linux
           name: codecov-contracts
           verbose: true
-          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
\ No newline at end of file
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
index d149a61d..eb8f5061 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Setup Java
         if: matrix.language == 'java-kotlin'
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-java@8df1039502a15bceb9433410b1a100fbe190c53b #v4.5.0
         with:
           distribution: temurin
           java-version: 21
diff --git a/.github/workflows/coordinator-build-and-publish.yml b/.github/workflows/coordinator-build-and-publish.yml
index 03ba0454..d804f4a3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/coordinator-build-and-publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/coordinator-build-and-publish.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 name: coordinator-build
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+  packages: write
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
@@ -81,22 +86,22 @@ jobs:
           ./gradlew coordinator:app:installDist
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
         if: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != '' && env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN != '' }}
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 #v3.4.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@29109295f81e9208d7d86ff1c6c12d2833863392 #v3.6.0
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx - local
         id: buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@e468171a9de216ec08956ac3ada2f0791b6bd435 #v3.11.1
       - name: Docker meta
         id: coordinator
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@902fa8ec7d6ecbf8d84d538b9b233a880e428804 #v5.7.0
         with:
           images: ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
       - name: Build for testing
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@263435318d21b8e681c14492fe198d362a7d2c83 #v6.18.0
         if: ${{ env.PUSH_IMAGE == 'false' }}
         with:
           context: .
@@ -118,7 +123,7 @@ jobs:
           name: linea-coordinator
           path: linea-coordinator-docker-image.tar.gz
       - name: Build & push
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@263435318d21b8e681c14492fe198d362a7d2c83 #v6.18.0
         if: ${{ env.PUSH_IMAGE == 'true' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
         with:
           context: .
diff --git a/.github/workflows/coordinator-testing.yml b/.github/workflows/coordinator-testing.yml
index f1373852..4001c188 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/coordinator-testing.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/coordinator-testing.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 name: coordinator-testing
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
@@ -47,7 +51,7 @@ jobs:
           ./gradlew -V coordinator:app:buildNeeded
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
         if: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != '' && env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN != '' }}
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 #v3.4.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -67,7 +71,7 @@ jobs:
             ${{ github.workspace }}/build/reports/jacoco/jacocoRootReport/jacocoRootReport.xml
       - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
         if: ${{ env.CODECOV_TOKEN != '' }}
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@18283e04ce6e62d37312384ff67231eb8fd56d24 #v5.4.3
         with:
           fail_ci_if_error: true
           files: ${{ github.workspace }}/build/reports/jacoco/jacocoRootReport/jacocoRootReport.xml
diff --git a/.github/workflows/get-has-changes-requiring-e2e-testing.yml b/.github/workflows/get-has-changes-requiring-e2e-testing.yml
index a753610e..68f56aa5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/get-has-changes-requiring-e2e-testing.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/get-has-changes-requiring-e2e-testing.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 name: get-has-changes-requiring-e2e-testing
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/github-release-besu-plugin.yml b/.github/workflows/github-release-besu-plugin.yml
index 6fd81ab9..7929d246 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/github-release-besu-plugin.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/github-release-besu-plugin.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
 name: Github Release for Besu Plugins
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  actions: read
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
@@ -39,7 +44,7 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 1
 
       - name: Set up JDK 21
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-java@8df1039502a15bceb9433410b1a100fbe190c53b #v4.5.0
         with:
           java-version: '21'
           distribution: 'temurin'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/linea-sequencer-plugin-release.yml b/.github/workflows/linea-sequencer-plugin-release.yml
index a86029f8..b15cd0ab 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/linea-sequencer-plugin-release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linea-sequencer-plugin-release.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 name: linea-sequencer-plugin-release
 
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  actions: read
+
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
@@ -14,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Set up JDK 21
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-java@8df1039502a15bceb9433410b1a100fbe190c53b #v4.5.0
         with:
           java-version: 21
           distribution: temurin
diff --git a/.github/workflows/linea-sequencer-plugin-testing.yml b/.github/workflows/linea-sequencer-plugin-testing.yml
index 902f16f8..97c56954 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/linea-sequencer-plugin-testing.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linea-sequencer-plugin-testing.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 name: linea-sequencer-plugin-testing
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
 
@@ -16,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: gradle/actions/wrapper-validation@v4
 
       - name: Set up Java
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-java@8df1039502a15bceb9433410b1a100fbe190c53b #v4.5.0
         with:
           distribution: temurin
           java-version: 21
@@ -53,7 +57,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Set up JDK 21
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-java@8df1039502a15bceb9433410b1a100fbe190c53b #v4.5.0
         with:
           java-version: 21
           distribution: temurin
diff --git a/.github/workflows/load-test.yml b/.github/workflows/load-test.yml
index 07765472..01987488 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/load-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/load-test.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 name: Load Test Manual Action
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
@@ -33,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-java@8df1039502a15bceb9433410b1a100fbe190c53b #v4.5.0
         with:
           distribution: temurin
           java-version: 17
diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yml b/.github/workflows/main.yml
index 9d7591aa..0f98bb37 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ permissions:
   contents: read
   actions: read
   security-events: write
+  packages: write
 
 jobs:
   store-image-name-and-tags:
@@ -149,7 +150,6 @@ jobs:
     secrets: inherit
 
   code-analysis:
-    needs: [ filter-commit-changes ]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/codeql.yml
 
   testing:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/maven-release-all.yml b/.github/workflows/maven-release-all.yml
index 791f4c8c..d6c429a4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/maven-release-all.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/maven-release-all.yml
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 1
 
       - name: Set up JDK 21
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-java@8df1039502a15bceb9433410b1a100fbe190c53b #v4.5.0
         with:
           java-version: '21'
           distribution: 'temurin'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/maven-release.yml b/.github/workflows/maven-release.yml
index 63825e12..f8ef6c13 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/maven-release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/maven-release.yml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 1
 
       - name: Set up JDK 21
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-java@8df1039502a15bceb9433410b1a100fbe190c53b #v4.5.0
         with:
           java-version: '21'
           distribution: 'temurin'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/postman-build-and-publish.yml b/.github/workflows/postman-build-and-publish.yml
index ee4561e4..e8fa274b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/postman-build-and-publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/postman-build-and-publish.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 name: postman-build
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+  packages: write
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
@@ -73,22 +78,22 @@ jobs:
           submodules: true
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
         if: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != '' && env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN != '' }}
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 #v3.4.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@29109295f81e9208d7d86ff1c6c12d2833863392 #v3.6.0
         with:
           platforms: 'arm64,arm'
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@e468171a9de216ec08956ac3ada2f0791b6bd435 #v3.11.1
       - name: Show the "version" build argument
         run: |
           echo "We inject the commit tag in the docker image ${{ env.COMMIT_TAG }}"
           echo COMMIT_TAG=${{ env.COMMIT_TAG }} >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Build postman image for testing
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@263435318d21b8e681c14492fe198d362a7d2c83 #v6.18.0
         if: ${{ env.PUSH_IMAGE == 'false' }}
         with:
           context: ./
@@ -111,7 +116,7 @@ jobs:
           name: linea-postman
           path: linea-postman-docker-image.tar.gz
       - name: Build and push postman image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@263435318d21b8e681c14492fe198d362a7d2c83 #v6.18.0
         if: ${{ env.PUSH_IMAGE == 'true' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
         with:
           context: ./
diff --git a/.github/workflows/postman-testing.yml b/.github/workflows/postman-testing.yml
index 32669c82..09371fbd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/postman-testing.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/postman-testing.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 name: postman-and-SDK-testing
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/prover-build-and-publish.yml b/.github/workflows/prover-build-and-publish.yml
index 59cbc18f..c401f828 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/prover-build-and-publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/prover-build-and-publish.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 name: Prover build and publish CI
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+  packages: write
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
@@ -76,18 +81,18 @@ jobs:
           submodules: true
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
         if: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != '' && env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN != '' }}
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 #v3.4.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@e468171a9de216ec08956ac3ada2f0791b6bd435 #v3.11.1
       - name: Show the "version" build argument
         run: |
           echo "We inject the commit tag in the docker image ${{ env.COMMIT_TAG }}"
           echo COMMIT_TAG=${{ env.COMMIT_TAG }} >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Build and push prover image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@263435318d21b8e681c14492fe198d362a7d2c83 #v6.18.0
         if: ${{ env.PUSH_IMAGE == 'false' }}
         with:
           context: .
@@ -114,7 +119,7 @@ jobs:
           name: linea-prover
           path: linea-prover-docker-image.tar.gz
       - name: Build and push prover image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@263435318d21b8e681c14492fe198d362a7d2c83 #v6.18.0
         if: ${{ env.PUSH_IMAGE == 'true' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
         with:
           context: .
diff --git a/.github/workflows/prover-testing.yml b/.github/workflows/prover-testing.yml
index 9d1d6003..fa0098ca 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/prover-testing.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/prover-testing.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 name: Prover testing CI
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+
 on: workflow_call
 env:
   GOPROXY: "https://proxy.golang.org"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/reuse-check-images-tags-and-push.yml b/.github/workflows/reuse-check-images-tags-and-push.yml
index 748cc246..26d0b879 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/reuse-check-images-tags-and-push.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/reuse-check-images-tags-and-push.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
 name: Reusable check images tags and push
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+  packages: write
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/reuse-linea-besu-package-build-test-push.yml b/.github/workflows/reuse-linea-besu-package-build-test-push.yml
index 0c205f04..a310cb7d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/reuse-linea-besu-package-build-test-push.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/reuse-linea-besu-package-build-test-push.yml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ on:
     inputs:
       release_tag_prefix:
         required: true
-        type: string 
+        type: string
       run_test:
         required: true
         type: boolean
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ inputs.run_test || inputs.run_e2e_test }}
     environment: dockerhub
     outputs:
-      linea_besu_package_tag: ${{ steps.assemble.outputs.dockertag }} 
+      linea_besu_package_tag: ${{ steps.assemble.outputs.dockertag }}
       expected_traces_api_version: ${{ steps.assemble.outputs.tracer_plugin_version }}
       dockerimage: ${{ steps.assemble.outputs.dockerimage }}
     steps:
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ jobs:
         uses: ./.github/actions/linea-besu-package/assemble
         with:
           release_tag_prefix: ${{ inputs.release_tag_prefix }}
-      
+
       - name: set up docker buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@e468171a9de216ec08956ac3ada2f0791b6bd435 #v3.11.1
 
       - name: set docker build args
         run: |
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "Building docker image: ${{ steps.assemble.outputs.dockerimage }}"
 
       - name: build the combined manifest
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@263435318d21b8e681c14492fe198d362a7d2c83 #v6.18.0
         env:
           DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
         with:
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ jobs:
           push: false
           tags: |
             consensys/linea-besu-package:${{ steps.assemble.outputs.dockertag }}
-      
+
       - name: Save Docker image as artifact
         run: |
           docker images
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ jobs:
       cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reuse-linea-besu-package-run-e2e-tests.yml
     with:
-      linea_besu_package_tag: ${{ needs.build-and-upload-artifact.outputs.linea_besu_package_tag }} 
+      linea_besu_package_tag: ${{ needs.build-and-upload-artifact.outputs.linea_besu_package_tag }}
       expected_traces_api_version: ${{ inputs.expected_traces_api_ver || needs.build-and-upload-artifact.outputs.expected_traces_api_version }}
       e2e-tests-logs-dump: true
     secrets: inherit
@@ -126,14 +126,14 @@ jobs:
           compile_release_notes: true
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-      
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@29109295f81e9208d7d86ff1c6c12d2833863392 #v3.6.0
+
       - name: set up docker buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3   
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@e468171a9de216ec08956ac3ada2f0791b6bd435 #v3.11.1
 
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
         if: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != '' && env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN != '' }}
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 #v3.4.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "Building docker image: ${{ steps.assemble.outputs.dockerimage }}"
 
       - name: build and push the combined manifest
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@263435318d21b8e681c14492fe198d362a7d2c83 #v6.18.0
         env:
           DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
         with:
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ jobs:
           platforms: linux/arm64,linux/amd64
           provenance: false
           cache-from: type=local,src=/tmp/.buildx-cache
-          cache-to: type=local,dest=/tmp/.buildx-cache          
+          cache-to: type=local,dest=/tmp/.buildx-cache
           build-args: |
             VERSION=${{ steps.assemble.outputs.dockertag }}
             VCS_REF=${{ github.sha }}
@@ -188,12 +188,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Conventional Changelog Action
         if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
         id: change_log
-        uses: TriPSs/conventional-changelog-action@v5
+        uses: TriPSs/conventional-changelog-action@3c4970b6573374889b897403d2f1278c395ea0df #v5.4.0
         with:
           git-path: ./linea-besu-package/
           git-push: false
           output-file: "false"
-      
+
       - name: Append Changelog Action to release note
         if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
         id: append_change_log
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: release - publish artifacts and release notes
         id: release_publish
-        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@72f2c25fcb47643c292f7107632f7a47c1df5cd8 #v2.3.2
         with:
           name: Linea Besu Package ${{ steps.assemble.outputs.releasetag }}
           tag_name: linea-besu-package-${{ steps.assemble.outputs.releasetag }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/reuse-linea-besu-package-run-e2e-tests.yml b/.github/workflows/reuse-linea-besu-package-run-e2e-tests.yml
index a1e5ece8..934d1c13 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/reuse-linea-besu-package-run-e2e-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/reuse-linea-besu-package-run-e2e-tests.yml
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Setup upterm session
         if: ${{ inputs.e2e-tests-with-ssh }}
-        uses: lhotari/action-upterm@v1
+        uses: lhotari/action-upterm@b0357f23233f5ea6d58947c0c402e0631bab7334 #v1
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Setup nodejs environment
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
           pnpm-install-options: '-F contracts -F e2e --frozen-lockfile --prefer-offline'
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
         if: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != '' && env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN != '' }}
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 #v3.4.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "BESU_PACKAGE_TAG=${{ env.BESU_PACKAGE_TAG }}"
           echo "$(grep expected-traces-api-version config/coordinator/coordinator-config-v2.toml)"
       - name: Spin up fresh environment with besu tracing with retry
-        uses: nick-fields/retry@v3
+        uses: nick-fields/retry@ce71cc2ab81d554ebbe88c79ab5975992d79ba08 #v3.0.2
         with:
           max_attempts: 10
           retry_on: error
diff --git a/.github/workflows/reuse-run-e2e-tests.yml b/.github/workflows/reuse-run-e2e-tests.yml
index e97a78d8..49971b77 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/reuse-run-e2e-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/reuse-run-e2e-tests.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
 name: Reusable run e2e tests
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
@@ -71,7 +76,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Setup upterm session
         if: ${{ inputs.e2e-tests-with-ssh }}
-        uses: lhotari/action-upterm@v1
+        uses: lhotari/action-upterm@b0357f23233f5ea6d58947c0c402e0631bab7334 #v1
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Setup nodejs environment
@@ -80,7 +85,7 @@ jobs:
           pnpm-install-options: '-F contracts -F e2e --frozen-lockfile --prefer-offline'
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
         if: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != '' && env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN != '' }}
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 #v3.4.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -89,7 +94,7 @@ jobs:
           mkdir -p tmp/local/traces/v2/conflated
           chmod -R a+rw tmp/local/
       - name: Pull all images with retry
-        uses: nick-fields/retry@v3
+        uses: nick-fields/retry@ce71cc2ab81d554ebbe88c79ab5975992d79ba08 #v3.0.2
         with:
           max_attempts: 10
           retry_on: error
@@ -110,7 +115,7 @@ jobs:
           gunzip -c $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/linea-transaction-exclusion-api/linea-transaction-exclusion-api-docker-image.tar.gz | docker load
         shell: bash
       - name: Spin up fresh environment with besu tracing with retry
-        uses: nick-fields/retry@v3
+        uses: nick-fields/retry@ce71cc2ab81d554ebbe88c79ab5975992d79ba08 #v3.0.2
         with:
           max_attempts: 10
           retry_on: error
diff --git a/.github/workflows/reuse-store-image-name-and-tags.yml b/.github/workflows/reuse-store-image-name-and-tags.yml
index 07e1681d..eb50bb12 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/reuse-store-image-name-and-tags.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/reuse-store-image-name-and-tags.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 name: Reusable store image name and tags
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     outputs:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/run-smc-tests.yml b/.github/workflows/run-smc-tests.yml
index 983439ba..bf3bac3f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/run-smc-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/run-smc-tests.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 name: Smart contracts test
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
@@ -47,7 +51,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Required for hardhat commands due to @nomicfoundation/hardhat-foundry package
       - name: Install Foundry
-        uses: foundry-rs/foundry-toolchain@v1
+        uses: foundry-rs/foundry-toolchain@82dee4ba654bd2146511f85f0d013af94670c4de #v1.4.0
 
       - name: Compile kzg.node
         run: npx node-gyp --directory=contracts/node_modules/c-kzg rebuild # explicitly running rebuild to get the .node file
@@ -65,7 +69,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
         if: ${{ env.CODECOV_TOKEN != '' }}
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@18283e04ce6e62d37312384ff67231eb8fd56d24 #v5.4.3
         with:
           fail_ci_if_error: true
           files: ./contracts/coverage/coverage-final.json
diff --git a/.github/workflows/security-report-to-csv.yml b/.github/workflows/security-report-to-csv.yml
index 209e38a1..f3e9c6b2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/security-report-to-csv.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/security-report-to-csv.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
 name: Export Security Report to CSV
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+  security-events: read
+
 on: workflow_dispatch
 jobs:
   data_gathering:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/slack-notify-external-contributions.yml b/.github/workflows/slack-notify-external-contributions.yml
index 25f937ad..e4646f06 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/slack-notify-external-contributions.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/slack-notify-external-contributions.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 name: Notify Slack on external issue creation
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 on:
   issues:
     types: [ opened ]
diff --git a/.github/workflows/staterecovery-testing.yml b/.github/workflows/staterecovery-testing.yml
index 14b09ab4..fd44c2c4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/staterecovery-testing.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/staterecovery-testing.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 name: staterecovery-testing
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
@@ -51,7 +55,7 @@ jobs:
           ./gradlew besu-plugins:state-recovery:besu-plugin:shadowJar
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
         if: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != '' && env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN != '' }}
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 #v3.4.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -61,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
           ./gradlew besu-plugins:state-recovery:test-cases:integrationTest
 #      - name: Setup upterm session
 #        if: ${{ inputs.e2e-tests-with-ssh }}
-#        uses: lhotari/action-upterm@v1
+#        uses: lhotari/action-upterm@b0357f23233f5ea6d58947c0c402e0631bab7334 #v1
 #      Stack fails to start in CI - Disable for now
 #      - name: Run E2E tests
 #        timeout-minutes: 15
@@ -82,7 +86,7 @@ jobs:
 #            ${{ github.workspace }}/build/reports/jacoco/jacocoRootReport/jacocoRootReport.xml
 #      - name: Upload coverage to Codecov Staterecovery
 #        if: ${{ env.CODECOV_TOKEN != '' }}
-#        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+#        uses: codecov/codecov-action@18283e04ce6e62d37312384ff67231eb8fd56d24 #v5.4.3
 #        with:
 #          fail_ci_if_error: true
 #          files: ${{ github.workspace }}/build/reports/jacoco/jacocoRootReport/jacocoRootReport.xml
diff --git a/.github/workflows/testing.yml b/.github/workflows/testing.yml
index 9383eae2..080d1b87 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/testing.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/testing.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 name: Testing CI
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/transaction-exclusion-api-build-and-publish.yml b/.github/workflows/transaction-exclusion-api-build-and-publish.yml
index f368b2df..04b36da2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/transaction-exclusion-api-build-and-publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/transaction-exclusion-api-build-and-publish.yml
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "TAGS=${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:${{ env.COMMIT_TAG }},${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:${{ env.DEVELOP_TAG }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-java@8df1039502a15bceb9433410b1a100fbe190c53b #v4.5.0
         with:
           distribution: temurin
           java-version: 21
@@ -79,22 +79,22 @@ jobs:
           ./gradlew transaction-exclusion-api:app:installDist
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
         if: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != '' && env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN != '' }}
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 #v3.4.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@29109295f81e9208d7d86ff1c6c12d2833863392 #v3.6.0
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx - local
         id: buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@e468171a9de216ec08956ac3ada2f0791b6bd435 #v3.11.1
       - name: Docker meta
         id: transaction-exclusion-api
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@902fa8ec7d6ecbf8d84d538b9b233a880e428804 #v5.7.0
         with:
           images: ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
       - name: Build for testing
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@263435318d21b8e681c14492fe198d362a7d2c83 #v6.18.0
         if: ${{ env.PUSH_IMAGE == 'false' }}
         with:
           context: .
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ jobs:
           name: linea-transaction-exclusion-api
           path: linea-transaction-exclusion-api-docker-image.tar.gz
       - name: Build & push
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@263435318d21b8e681c14492fe198d362a7d2c83 #v6.18.0
         if: ${{ env.PUSH_IMAGE == 'true' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
         with:
           context: .
diff --git a/.github/workflows/transaction-exclusion-api-testing.yml b/.github/workflows/transaction-exclusion-api-testing.yml
index 6130fc3e..0a23b1a5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/transaction-exclusion-api-testing.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/transaction-exclusion-api-testing.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 name: transaction-exclusion-api-testing
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     secrets:
@@ -30,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-java@8df1039502a15bceb9433410b1a100fbe190c53b #v4.5.0
         with:
           distribution: temurin
           java-version: 21
@@ -46,7 +50,7 @@ jobs:
           ./gradlew transaction-exclusion-api:app:buildNeeded
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
         if: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != '' && env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN != '' }}
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 #v3.4.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/valid-audit-pr-has-tags.yml b/.github/workflows/valid-audit-pr-has-tags.yml
index d90bd8b1..4f3f3705 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/valid-audit-pr-has-tags.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/valid-audit-pr-has-tags.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 name: Check For Audit Tags On PR
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 on:
   pull_request:
     branches:
diff --git a/operations/src/commands/eth-transfer.ts b/operations/src/commands/eth-transfer.ts
index e27a39a5..04239748 100644
--- a/operations/src/commands/eth-transfer.ts
+++ b/operations/src/commands/eth-transfer.ts
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ export default class EthTransfer extends Command {
       type: 2,
       chainId,
       maxFeePerGas: fees.maxFeePerGas,
-      maxPriorityFeePerGas: fees.maxPriorityFeePerGas,
+      maxPriorityFeePerGas: fees.maxPriorityFeePerGas ?? null,
       nonce: nonce,
     };
 
diff --git a/operations/src/commands/synctx.ts b/operations/src/commands/synctx.ts
index fa39d869..bf68c0e5 100644
--- a/operations/src/commands/synctx.ts
+++ b/operations/src/commands/synctx.ts
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ export default class Synctx extends Command {
       const toAddress = tx.to ? await ethers.resolveAddress(tx.to) : undefined;
 
       const transaction: ethers.TransactionLike<string> = {
-        to: toAddress,
+        to: toAddress ?? null,
         nonce: Number(tx.nonce),
         gasLimit: BigInt(tx.gas),
         ...(Number(tx.type) === 2