Diverse log improvements, comment additions and small refactors. (#14658)

* `logProposedBlock`: Fix log.

Before, the value of the pointer to the function were printed for `blockNumber`
instead of the block number itself.

* Add blob prefix before sidecars.

In order to prepare for data columns sidecars.

* Verification: Add log prefix.

* `validate_aggregate_proof.go`: Add comments.

* `blobSubscriber`: Fix error message.

* `registerHandlers`: Rename, add comments and little refactor.

* Remove duplicate `pb` vs. `ethpb` import.

* `rpc_ping.go`: Factorize / Add comments.

* `blobSidecarsByRangeRPCHandler`: Do not write error response if rate limited.

* `sendRecentBeaconBlocksRequest` ==> `sendBeaconBlocksRequest`.

The function itself does not know anything about the age of the beacon block.

* `beaconBlocksByRangeRPCHandler`: Refactor and add logs.

* `retentionSeconds` ==> `retentionDuration`.

* `oneEpoch`: Add documentation.

* `TestProposer_ProposeBlock_OK`: Improve error message.

* `getLocalPayloadFromEngine`: Tiny refactor.

* `eth1DataMajorityVote`: Improve log message.

* Implement `ConvertPeerIDToNodeID`and do note generate random private key if peerDAS is enabled.

* Remove useless `_`.

* `parsePeersEnr`: Fix error mesages.

* `ShouldOverrideFCU`: Fix error message.

* `blocks.go`: Minor comments improvements.

* CI: Upgrade golanci and enable spancheck.

* `ConvertPeerIDToNodeID`: Add godoc comment.

* Update CHANGELOG.md

Co-authored-by: Sammy Rosso <15244892+saolyn@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update beacon-chain/sync/initial-sync/service_test.go

Co-authored-by: Sammy Rosso <15244892+saolyn@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update beacon-chain/sync/rpc_beacon_blocks_by_range.go

Co-authored-by: Sammy Rosso <15244892+saolyn@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update beacon-chain/sync/rpc_blob_sidecars_by_range.go

Co-authored-by: Sammy Rosso <15244892+saolyn@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update beacon-chain/sync/rpc_ping.go

Co-authored-by: Sammy Rosso <15244892+saolyn@users.noreply.github.com>

* Remove trailing whitespace in godoc.

---------

Co-authored-by: Sammy Rosso <15244892+saolyn@users.noreply.github.com>

validator/client/propose.go

@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ func logProposedBlock(log *logrus.Entry, blk interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock, blkRo
 		log = log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
 			"payloadHash": fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bytesutil.Trunc(p.BlockHash())),
 			"parentHash":  fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bytesutil.Trunc(p.ParentHash())),
-			"blockNumber": p.BlockNumber,
+			"blockNumber": p.BlockNumber(),
 		})
 		if !blk.IsBlinded() {
 			txs, err := p.Transactions()