Update go to 1.24.0 (#14969)

* Update rules_go to v0.53.0

* Update staticcheck to v0.6.0

* Update to go 1.24.0

* Update github.com/trailofbits/go-mutexasserts to latest

* Use rules_go @ cf3c3af34bd869b864f5f2b98e2f41c2b220d6c9

* Provide the go binary to SszGen. 
https://github.com/bazel-contrib/rules_go/pull/4173

* Unskip SA9003

* Update github ci checks to go1.24.0

* CI: Update gosec to v2.22.1 and golangci to v1..64.5

* Temporarily disable usetesting lint check for go1.24

* gosec: Disable G115 - integer overflow conversion

* gosec: Ignore G407 for "hardcoded" IV. It's not hardcoded.

* Fix uses of rand.Seed. This is a no-op in go1.24 and deprecated since go1.20.

* Changelog fragment

third_party/io_bazel_rules_go_test.patch

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 diff --git a/go/private/rules/test.bzl b/go/private/rules/test.bzl
-index 413a19da..b289f52f 100644
+index 066c6892..5275f541 100644
 --- a/go/private/rules/test.bzl
 +++ b/go/private/rules/test.bzl
-@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ def _go_test_impl(ctx):
+@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ def _go_test_impl(ctx):
          run_environment_info,
      ]
  
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ index 413a19da..b289f52f 100644
      "implementation": _go_test_impl,
      "attrs": {
          "data": attr.label_list(
-@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ _go_test_kwargs = {
+@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ _go_test_kwargs = {
      """,
  }
  
 -go_test = rule(**_go_test_kwargs)
 +go_test = rule(**go_test_kwargs)
  
- def _recompile_external_deps(go, external_source, internal_archive, library_labels):
+ def _recompile_external_deps(go, external_go_info, internal_archive, library_labels):
      """Recompiles some archives in order to split internal and external tests.