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rfc-index/waku/informational/30/adaptive-nodes.html
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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../../../index.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Vac</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/1/coss.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> 1/COSS</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/2/mvds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 2/MVDS</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/3/remote-log.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 3/Remote Log</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/4/mvds-meta.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> 4/MVDS Meta</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/25/libp2p-dns-discovery.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 25/Libp2p DNS Discovery</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/32/rln-v1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> 32/RLN-V1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/raw/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> Raw</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/raw/consensus-hashgraphlike.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.1.</strong> Consensus Hashgraphlike</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/raw/decentralized-messaging-ethereum.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.2.</strong> Decentralized Messaging Ethereum</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/raw/eth-mls-offchain.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.3.</strong> ETH MLS Offchain</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/raw/eth-mls-onchain.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.4.</strong> ETH MLS Onchain</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/raw/deleted/eth-secpm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.5.</strong> ETH SecPM</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/raw/gossipsub-tor-push.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.6.</strong> Gossipsub Tor Push</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/raw/logos-capability-discovery.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.7.</strong> Logos Capability Discovery</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/raw/mix.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.8.</strong> Mix</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/raw/noise-x3dh-double-ratchet.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.9.</strong> Noise X3DH Double Ratchet</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/raw/rln-interep-spec.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.10.</strong> RLN Interep Spec</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/raw/rln-stealth-commitments.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.11.</strong> RLN Stealth Commitments</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/raw/rln-v2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.12.</strong> RLN-V2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/raw/sds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.13.</strong> SDS</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../vac/template.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> Template</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Waku</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/core/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> Standards - Core</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/core/10/waku2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.1.</strong> 10/Waku2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/core/11/relay.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.2.</strong> 11/Relay</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/core/12/filter.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.3.</strong> 12/Filter</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/core/13/store.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.4.</strong> 13/Store</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/core/14/message.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.5.</strong> 14/Message</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/core/15/bridge.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.6.</strong> 15/Bridge</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/core/17/rln-relay.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.7.</strong> 17/RLN Relay</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/core/19/lightpush.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.8.</strong> 19/Lightpush</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/core/31/enr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.9.</strong> 31/ENR</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/core/33/discv5.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.10.</strong> 33/Discv5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/core/34/peer-exchange.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.11.</strong> 34/Peer Exchange</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/core/36/bindings-api.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.12.</strong> 36/Bindings API</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/core/64/network.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.13.</strong> 64/Network</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/core/66/metadata.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.14.</strong> 66/Metadata</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/application/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> Standards - Application</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/application/20/toy-eth-pm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.1.</strong> 20/Toy ETH PM</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/application/26/payload.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.2.</strong> 26/Payload</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/application/53/x3dh.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.3.</strong> 53/X3DH</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/application/54/x3dh-sessions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.4.</strong> 54/X3DH Sessions</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/legacy/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> Standards - Legacy</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/legacy/6/waku1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.1.</strong> 6/Waku1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/legacy/7/data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.2.</strong> 7/Data</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/legacy/8/mail.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.3.</strong> 8/Mail</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/standards/legacy/9/rpc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.4.</strong> 9/RPC</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/informational/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> Informational</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/informational/22/toy-chat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.1.</strong> 22/Toy Chat</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/informational/23/topics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.2.</strong> 23/Topics</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/informational/27/peers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.3.</strong> 27/Peers</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/informational/29/config.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.4.</strong> 29/Config</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/informational/30/adaptive-nodes.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.5.</strong> 30/Adaptive Nodes</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/deprecated/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> Deprecated</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/deprecated/5/waku0.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.1.</strong> 5/Waku0</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/deprecated/16/rpc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.2.</strong> 16/RPC</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/deprecated/18/swap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.3.</strong> 18/Swap</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../waku/deprecated/fault-tolerant-store.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.4.</strong> Fault Tolerant Store</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../nomos/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Nomos</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../nomos/raw/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Raw</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../nomos/raw/nomosda-encoding.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.1.</strong> NomosDA Encoding</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../nomos/raw/nomosda-network.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.2.</strong> NomosDA Network</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../nomos/raw/p2p-hardware-requirements.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.3.</strong> P2P Hardware Requirements</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../nomos/raw/p2p-nat-solution.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.4.</strong> P2P NAT Solution</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../nomos/raw/p2p-network-bootstrapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.5.</strong> P2P Network Bootstrapping</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../nomos/raw/p2p-network.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.6.</strong> P2P Network</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../nomos/raw/sdp.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.7.</strong> SDP</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../nomos/deprecated/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Deprecated</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../nomos/deprecated/claro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.1.</strong> Claro</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../codex/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Codex</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../codex/raw/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> Raw</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../codex/raw/codex-block-exchange.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.1.</strong> Block Exchange</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../codex/raw/codex-marketplace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.2.</strong> Marketplace</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../status/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Status</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../status/24/curation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> 24/Curation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../status/28/featuring.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> 28/Featuring</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../status/55/1to1-chat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> 55/1-to-1 Chat</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../status/56/communities.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> 56/Communities</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../status/61/community-history-service.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> 61/Community History Service</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../status/62/payloads.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> 62/Payloads</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../status/63/keycard-usage.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.7.</strong> 63/Keycard Usage</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../status/65/account-address.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.8.</strong> 65/Account Address</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../status/71/push-notification-server.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.9.</strong> 71/Push Notification Server</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../status/raw/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.10.</strong> Raw</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../status/raw/simple-scaling.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.10.1.</strong> Simple Scaling</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../status/raw/status-app-protocols.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.10.2.</strong> Status App Protocols</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../status/raw/status-mvds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.10.3.</strong> Status MVDS</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../../status/raw/url-data.html"><strong 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<h1 id="30adaptive-nodes"><a class="header" href="#30adaptive-nodes">30/ADAPTIVE-NODES</a></h1>
<div class="rfc-meta">
<table>
<tr><th>Name</th><td>Adaptive nodes</td></tr>
<tr><th>Slug</th><td>30</td></tr>
<tr><th>Status</th><td>draft</td></tr>
<tr><th>Editor</th><td>Oskar Thorén &lt;oskarth@titanproxy.com&gt;</td></tr>
<tr><th>Contributors</th><td>Filip Dimitrijevic &lt;filip@status.im&gt;</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
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<ul>
<li><strong>2025-12-22</strong><a href="https://github.com/vacp2p/rfc-index/blob/b1a578393edf8487ccc97a5f25b25af9bf41efb3/docs/waku/informational/30/adaptive-nodes.md"><code>b1a5783</code></a> — Chore/mdbook updates (#237)</li>
<li><strong>2025-12-18</strong><a href="https://github.com/vacp2p/rfc-index/blob/d03e699084774ebecef9c6d4662498907c5e2080/docs/waku/informational/30/adaptive-nodes.md"><code>d03e699</code></a> — ci: add mdBook configuration (#233)</li>
<li><strong>2025-04-29</strong><a href="https://github.com/vacp2p/rfc-index/blob/91c9679bc89f146e6f50a2bb3a26fe4d5daa1ade/waku/informational/30/adaptive-nodes.md"><code>91c9679</code></a> — update waku/informational/30/adaptive-nodes.md (#147)</li>
<li><strong>2024-09-13</strong><a href="https://github.com/vacp2p/rfc-index/blob/3ab314d87d4525ff1296bf3d9ec634d570777b91/waku/informational/30/adaptive-nodes.md"><code>3ab314d</code></a> — Fix Files for Linting (#94)</li>
<li><strong>2024-01-31</strong><a href="https://github.com/vacp2p/rfc-index/blob/b35846a546c1a6dc4bac3d5e5457f812f56c7707/waku/informational/30/adaptive-nodes.md"><code>b35846a</code></a> — Update and rename README.md to adaptive-nodes.md</li>
<li><strong>2024-01-27</strong><a href="https://github.com/vacp2p/rfc-index/blob/eef961bfe3b1cf6aab66df5450555afd1d3543cb/waku/informational/30/README.md"><code>eef961b</code></a> — remove rfs folder</li>
<li><strong>2024-01-25</strong><a href="https://github.com/vacp2p/rfc-index/blob/04036adcabf888f6ca764b50680694b07539e89d/waku/rfcs/informational/30/README.md"><code>04036ad</code></a> — Create README.md</li>
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<!-- timeline:end -->
<p>This is an informational spec that show cases the concept of adaptive nodes.</p>
<h2 id="node-types---a-continuum"><a class="header" href="#node-types---a-continuum">Node types - a continuum</a></h2>
<p>We can look at node types as a continuum,
from more restricted to less restricted,
fewer resources to more resources.</p>
<p><img src="./images/adaptive_node_continuum2.png" alt="Node types - a continuum" /></p>
<h3 id="possible-limitations"><a class="header" href="#possible-limitations">Possible limitations</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>Connectivity: Not publicly connectable vs static IP and DNS</li>
<li>Connectivity: Mostly offline to mostly online to always online</li>
<li>Resources: Storage, CPU, Memory, Bandwidth</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="accessibility-and-motivation"><a class="header" href="#accessibility-and-motivation">Accessibility and motivation</a></h3>
<p>Some examples:</p>
<ul>
<li>Opening browser window: costs nothing, but contribute nothing</li>
<li>Desktop: download, leave in background, contribute somewhat</li>
<li>Cluster: expensive, upkeep, but can contribute a lot</li>
</ul>
<p>These are also illustrative,
so a node in a browser in certain environment might contribute similarly to Desktop.</p>
<h3 id="adaptive-nodes"><a class="header" href="#adaptive-nodes">Adaptive nodes</a></h3>
<p>We call these nodes <em>adaptive nodes</em> to highlights different modes of contributing,
such as:</p>
<ul>
<li>Only leeching from the network</li>
<li>Relaying messages for one or more topics</li>
<li>Providing services for lighter nodes such as lightpush and filter</li>
<li>Storing historical messages to various degrees</li>
<li>Ensuring relay network can't be spammed with RLN</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="planned-incentives"><a class="header" href="#planned-incentives">Planned incentives</a></h3>
<p>Incentives to run a node is currently planned around:</p>
<ul>
<li>SWAP for accounting and settlement of services provided</li>
<li>RLN RELAY for spam protection</li>
<li>Other incentivization schemes are likely to follow and is an area of active research</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="node-protocol-selection"><a class="header" href="#node-protocol-selection">Node protocol selection</a></h2>
<p>Each node can choose which protocols to support, depending on its resources and goals.</p>
<p><img src="./images/adaptive_node_protocol_selection2.png" alt="Protocol selection" /></p>
<p>Protocols like <a href="/waku/standards/core/11/relay.html">11/WAKU2-RELAY</a>,
as well as [12], [13], [19], and [21], correspond to libp2p protocols.</p>
<p>However, other protocols like 16/WAKU2-RPC
(local HTTP JSON-RPC), 25/LIBP2P-DNS-DISCOVERY,
Discovery v5 (DevP2P) or interfacing with distributed storage,
are running on different network stacks.</p>
<p>This is in addition to protocols that specify payloads, such as 14/WAKU2-MESSAGE,
26/WAKU2-PAYLOAD, or application specific ones.
As well as specs that act more as recommendations,
such as 23/WAKU2-TOPICS or 27/WAKU2-PEERS.</p>
<h2 id="waku-network-visualization"><a class="header" href="#waku-network-visualization">Waku network visualization</a></h2>
<p>We can better visualize the network with some illustrative examples.</p>
<h3 id="topology-and-topics"><a class="header" href="#topology-and-topics">Topology and topics</a></h3>
<p>This illustration shows an example topology with different PubSub topics
for the relay protocol.</p>
<p><img src="./images/adaptive_node_network_topology_protocols2.png" alt="Waku Network visualization" /></p>
<h3 id="legend"><a class="header" href="#legend">Legend</a></h3>
<p>This illustration shows an example of content topics a node is interested in.</p>
<p><img src="./images/adaptive_node_network_topology_protocols_legend.png" alt="Waku Network visualization legend" /></p>
<p>The dotted box shows what content topics (application-specific)
a node is interested in.</p>
<p>A node that is purely providing a service to the network might not care.</p>
<p>In this example, we see support for toy chat,
a topic in Waku v1 (Status chat), WalletConnect, and SuperRare community.</p>
<h3 id="auxiliary-network"><a class="header" href="#auxiliary-network">Auxiliary network</a></h3>
<p>This is a separate component with its own topology.</p>
<p>Behavior and interaction with other protocols specified in Vac RFCs,
e.g. <a href="/vac/25/libp2p-dns-discovery.html">25/LIBP2P-DNS-DISCOVERY</a>
and <a href="/waku/standards/core/15/bridge.html">15/WAKU-BRIDGE</a>.</p>
<h3 id="node-cross-section"><a class="header" href="#node-cross-section">Node Cross Section</a></h3>
<p>This one shows a cross-section of nodes in different dimensions and
shows how the connections look different for different protocols.</p>
<p><img src="./images/adaptive_node_cross_section2.png" alt="Node Cross Section" /></p>
<h2 id="copyright"><a class="header" href="#copyright">Copyright</a></h2>
<p>Copyright and related rights waived via
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a>.</p>
<h2 id="references"><a class="header" href="#references">References</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/waku/standards/core/11/relay.html">11/WAKU2-RELAY</a></li>
<li><a href="/vac/25/libp2p-dns-discovery.html">25/LIBP2P-DNS-DISCOVERY</a></li>
<li><a href="/waku/standards/core/15/bridge.html">15/WAKU-BRIDGE</a></li>
</ul>
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