Add http peer id auth

http/peer-id-auth.md

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# Peer ID Authentication over HTTP
+
+| Lifecycle Stage | Maturity      | Status | Latest Revision |
+| --------------- | ------------- | ------ | --------------- |
+| 1A              | Working Draft | Active | r0, 2023-01-23  |
+
+Authors: [@MarcoPolo]
+
+Interest Group: Same as [HTTP](README.md)
+
+## Introduction
+
+This spec defines one way of authenticating Peer IDs over HTTP using a
+challenge-response scheme.
+
+## Mutual Client and Server Peer ID Authentication
+
+1. The server initiates the authentication by responding to a request that must
+   be authenticated with the response header `WWW-Authenticate: Libp2p-Challenge
+   challenge="<base64-encoded-challenge>, Libp2p-Challenge-Server-Only"`. The
+   challenge MUST be randomly generated from server for sole purpose of
+   authenticating the client. The server SHOULD store the challenge temporarily
+   until the authentication is done. The challenge SHOULD be at least 32 bytes.
+1. The client sends a request and sets the `Authorization`
+   [header](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110.html#section-11.6.2) header
+   to the following:
+   ```
+   Libp2p-Challenge peer-id="<encoded-peer-id-bytes>",client-challenge="<base64-encoded-client-challenge>",sig="<base64-signature-bytes>"
+   ```
+   * The peer-id is encoded per the [peer-ids spec](../peer-ids/peer-ids.md).
+   * The signature is over the concatenated result of:
+   ```
+     <varint-length> + "origin=" + server-name + 
+     <varint-length> + "client-challenge=" + base64-encoded-client-chosen-client-challenge + 
+     <varint-length> + "challenge=" + base64-encoded-challenge
+   ```
+   * The client chosen client-challenge MUST be randomly generated.
+   * The client chosen client-challenge SHOULD be at least 32 bytes.
+   * The client MUST use the same server-name as what is used for the TLS
+     session.
+1. The server MUST verify the signature using the server name used in the TLS
+   session. The server MUST return 401 Unauthorized if the server fails to
+   validate the signature.
+1. If the signature is valid, the server has authenticated the client's peer id
+   and MAY fulfill the request according to application logic. If the request is
+   fulfilled, the server sets the `Authentication-Info` response header to the
+   following:
+    ```
+    Libp2p-Challenge peer-id="<encoded-peer-id-bytes>",sig="<base64-signature-bytes>"
+    ```
+   * The signature is over the concatenated result of:
+        ```
+        <varint-length> + "origin=" + server-name + 
+        <varint-length> + "client-challenge=" + base64-encoded-client-chosen-client-challenge + 
+        <varint-length> + "client=" + <encoded-client-peer-id-bytes>
+        ```
+1. The client can then authenticate the server with the the signature from
+   `Authentication-info`.
+
+## Server Authentication
+
+Clients may wish to only authenticate the server's peer ID, but not themselves.
+For example, a short lived client may want to get a block from a specific peer.
+
+The protocol to do so is as follows:
+
+1. The client should set the request header `Authorization` to
+   `Libp2p-Challenge-Server-Only <base64-encoded-client-chosen-client-challenge>`.
+1. The server should response to the request and set `Authentication-Info`
+   response header to the following:
+    ```
+    Libp2p-Challenge-Server-Only peer-id="<encoded-peer-id-bytes>",sig="<base64-signature-bytes>"
+    ```
+   * The signature is over the concatenated result of:
+        ```
+        <varint-length> + "origin=" + server-name + 
+        <varint-length> + "client-challenge=" + base64-encoded-client-chosen-client-challenge
+        ```
+1. The client can now authenticate the server.
+
+## Authentication Endpoint
+
+Because the client needs to make a request to authenticate the server, and the
+client may not want to make the real request before authenticating the server,
+the server MAY provide an authentication endpoint. This authentication endpoint
+is like any other application protocol, and it shows up in `.well-known/libp2p`,
+but it only does the authentication flow. It doesn’t send any other data besides
+what is defined in the above authentication flows. The protocol id for the
+authentication endpoint is `/http-peer-id-auth/1.0.0`.
+
+
+## Considerations for Implementations
+
+* Implementations SHOULD limit the maximum length of any variable length field.
+
+## Note on web PKI
+
+Protection against man-in-the-middle (mitm) type attacks is through web PKI. If
+the client is in an environment where web PKI can not be fully trusted (e.g. an
+enterprise network with a custom enterprise root CA installed on the client),
+then this authentication scheme can not protect the client from a mitm attack.