diff --git a/imports/bfo-core.owl b/imports/bfo-core.owl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6048feb --- /dev/null +++ b/imports/bfo-core.owl @@ -0,0 +1,1298 @@ + + + + + Alan Ruttenberg + Albert Goldfain + Barry Smith + Bill Duncan + Bjoern Peters + Chris Mungall + David Osumi-Sutherland + Fabian Neuhaus + James A. Overton + Janna Hastings + Jie Zheng + John Beverley + Jonathan Bona + Larry Hunter + Leonard Jacuzzo + Ludger Jansen + Mark Ressler + Mathias Brochhausen + Mauricio Almeida + Melanie Courtot + Pierre Grenon + Randall Dipert + Robert Rovetto + Ron Rudnicki + Stefan Schulz + Thomas Bittner + Werner Ceusters + Yongqun "Oliver" He + + The most recent version of this file will always be in the GitHub repository https://github.com/bfo-ontology/bfo-2020 + BFO-Core + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 206-BFO + has realization + b has realization c =Def c realizes b + A disposition to go bald has realization a balding process, a role of student has realization a studying processes, the pumping function of a heart has realization a processes of pumping. + has realization + + + + + + + + + + 059-BFO + realizes + (Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and a realizable entity c such that inheres in some d and for all t, if b has participant d at t then c exists at t and the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c + A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald, studying realizes a student role, a blood pumping process realizes the pumping function of a heart + realizes + + + + + + + + + + + + 213-BFO + preceded by + b preceded by c =Def b precedes c + The temporal region occupied by the second half of the match is preceded by the temporal region occupied by the first half of the match + preceded by + + + + + + + + + + + 270-BFO + precedes + (Elucidation) precedes is a relation that holds between occurrents o, o' with respective temporal extents t, t', such that either the last instant of o is before the first instant of o' or the last instant of o is the first instant of o' and neither o nor o' are temporal instants + The temporal region occupied by Mary's birth precedes the temporal region occupied by Mary's death + precedes + Each temporal region is its own temporal extent. The temporal extent of a spatiotemporal region is the temporal region it temporally projects onto. The temporal extent of a process or process boundary that occupies temporal region t is t. + Precedes defines a strict partial order on occurrents. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 143-BFO + occurs in + b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary and c is a material entity or site, and for all t if b exists at t then c exists at t, b occupies a spatiotemporal region r that spatially projects onto spatial region s at t, c occupies spatial region s' at t, and s is continuant part of s' at t + A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism, a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank + occurs in + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 118-BFO + exists at + (Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists + First World War exists at 1914-1916, Mexico exists at January 1, 2000 + exists at + + + + + + + + + + + + 202-BFO + has occurrent part + (Elucidation) has occurrent part is a relation between an occurrent c and occurrent b when c is a part of b + Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday + has occurrent part + + + + + + + + + + + + + 154-BFO + has proper occurrent part + b has proper occurrent part c =Def b has occurrent part c and b and c are not identical + As for has occurrent part + has proper occurrent part + + + + + + + + + + + + + 211-BFO + has temporal part + b has temporal part c =Def c temporal part of b + Your life has temporal part the first year of your life + has temporal part + + + + + + + + + + + 003-BFO + occurrent part of + (Elucidation) b occurrent part of c =Def c has occurrent part b + Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life, the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match + occurrent part of + + + + + + + + + + + + 116-BFO + proper temporal part of + b proper temporal part of c =Def b temporal part of c and b and c are not identical + As for temporal part of + proper temporal part of + + + + + + + + + + + + 005-BFO + proper occurrent part of + b proper occurrent part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & b and c are not identical + As for occurrent part of + proper occurrent part of + + + + + + + + + + + + 078-BFO + temporal part of + b temporal part of c =Def b occurrent part of c and either b and c are temporal regions or b and c are spatiotemporal regions, b temporally projects onto an occurrent part of the temporal region that c temporally projects onto or b and c are processes or process boundaries and b occupies a temporal region that is an occurrent part of the temporal region that c occupies + Your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating, the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life, as is the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life, the first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game + temporal part of + + + + + + + + + + + 080-BFO + temporally projects onto + (Elucidation) temporally projects onto is a relation between a spatiotemporal region and some temporal region which is its temporal extent + The world line of a particle temporally projects onto the temporal region extending from the beginning to the end of the existence of the particle + temporally projects onto + + + + + + + + + + + 212-BFO + has proper temporal part + b has proper temporal part c =Def c proper temporal part of b + As for has temporal part + has proper temporal part + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 267-BFO + environs + b environs c =Def c occurs in b + A mouth environs a process of mastication, a city environs traffic + environs + + + + + + + + + + + + + 144-BFO + history of + (Elucidation) history of is a relation between a history b and a material entity c when b is the unique history of c + This life is the history of this organism + history of + + + + + + + + + + 145-BFO + has history + b has history c =Def c history of b + This organism has history this life + has history + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 260-BFO + specifically depended on by + s-depended on by + b s-depended on by c =Def c specifically depends on b + A tomato is s-depended on a redness quality + specifically depended on by + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 012-BFO + specifically depends on + s-depends on + (Elucidation) specifically depends is a relation between a specifically dependent continuant b and and a specifically dependent continuant or independent continuant that is not a spatial region c, such that b and c do not share common parts, b is of a nature such that at all times t it cannot exist at t unless c exists at t, and b is not a boundary of c + A shape s-depends on the shaped object, hue, saturation and brightness of a colour sample s-depend on each other + specifically depends on + The analogue of s-dependence for occurrents is has participant. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 053-BFO + bearer of + b bearer of c =Def c inheres in b + A patch of ink is the bearer of a colour quality, an organism is the bearer of a temperature quality + bearer of + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 051-BFO + inheres in + b inheres in c =Def b is a specifically dependent continuant and c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region and b s-depends on c + A shape inheres in a shaped object, a mass inheres in a material entity + inheres in + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 132-BFO + occupies temporal region + process or process boundary p occupies temporal region t =Def the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t + The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945 + occupies temporal region + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 082-BFO + occupies spatiotemporal region + (Elucidation) occupies spatiotemporal region is a relation between a process or process boundary and the spatiotemporal region which is its spatiotemporal extent + A particle emitted by a nuclear reactor occupies the spatiotemporal region which is its trajectory + occupies spatiotemporal region + + + + + + + + + + + 268-BFO + first instant of + temporal instant t first instant of temporal region t' =Def t precedes all temporal parts of t' other than t + An hour starting at midnight yesterday has first instant midnight yesterday + first instant of + + + + + + + + + + + 261-BFO + has first instant + t has first instant t' =Def t' first instant of t + The first hour of a year has first instant midnight on December 31 + has first instant + + + + + + + + + + + 269-BFO + last instant of + temporal instant t last instant of temporal region t' =Def all temporal parts of t' other than t precede t + Last midnight is the last instant of yesterday + last instant of + + + + + + + + + + + 215-BFO + has last instant + t has last instant t' =Def t' last instant of t + The last hour of a year has last instant midnight December 31 + has last instant + + + + + + + + + + + + + 001-BFO + entity + (Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist + Julius Caesar, the Second World War, your body mass index, Verdi's Requiem + entity + + + + + + + + + + 008-BFO + continuant + (Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity + A human being, a tennis ball, a cave, a region of space, someone's temperature + continuant + + + + + + + + + 077-BFO + occurrent + (Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time, or is the start or end of such an entity, or is a temporal or spatiotemporal region + As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant + occurrent + + + + + + + + + 017-BFO + independent continuant + b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant which is such that there is no c such that b s-depends on c and no c such that b g-depends on c + An atom, a molecule, an organism, a heart, a chair, the bottom right portion of a human torso, a leg, the interior of your mouth, a spatial region, an orchestra + independent continuant + + + + + + + + + 035-BFO + spatial region + (Elucidation) A spatial region is an immaterial entity that is continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time + As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region + spatial region + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 100-BFO + temporal region + (Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold + As for zero-dimensional temporal region and one-dimensional temporal region + temporal region + + + + + + + + + 039-BFO + two-dimensional spatial region + (Elucidation) A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is a whole consisting of a surface together with zero or more surfaces and/or spatial regions of lower dimension as parts + The surface of a sphere-shaped part of space, an infinitely thin plane in space + two-dimensional spatial region + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 095-BFO + spatiotemporal region + (Elucidation) A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent that is an occurrent part of spacetime + The spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumour, the spatiotemporal region occupied by an orbiting satellite + spatiotemporal region + 'Spacetime' here refers to the maximal instance of the universal spatiotemporal region. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 083-BFO + process + (Elucidation) A process p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant at t + An act of selling, the life of an organism, a process of sleeping, a process of cell-division, a beating of the heart, a process of meiosis, the taxiing of an aircraft, the programming of a computer + process + + + + + + + + + + 062-BFO + disposition + internally-grounded realizable entity + (Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity and such that if b ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, and b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, and this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up + An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y, the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis, certain people have a disposition to develop colon cancer, children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways + disposition + + + + + + + + + + 058-BFO + realizable entity + (Elucidation) A realizable entity b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type + The role of being a doctor, the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet, the function of your reproductive organs, the disposition of your blood to coagulate, the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity + realizable entity + + + + + + + + + 037-BFO + zero-dimensional spatial region + (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is one or a collection of more than one spatially disjoint points in space + The spatial region occupied at some time instant by the North Pole + zero-dimensional spatial region + + + + + + + + + 055-BFO + quality + (Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized + The colour of a tomato, the ambient temperature of this portion of air, the length of the circumference of your waist, the shape of your nose, the shape of your nostril, the mass of this piece of gold + quality + + + + + + + + + 050-BFO + specifically dependent continuant + b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant and there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends on c + (with one bearer) The mass of this tomato, the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre, the smell of this portion of mozzarella, the disposition of this fish to decay, the role of being a doctor, the function of this heart to pump blood, the shape of this hole +(with multiple bearers:) John's love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates + specifically dependent continuant + On the multiple bearers case, see relational quality. + + + + + + + + + 061-BFO + role + externally-grounded realizable entity + (Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity and exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be, and b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed + The priest role, the student role, the role of subject in a clinical trial, the role of a stone in marking a property boundary, the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories, the role of a building in serving as a military target + role + + + + + + + + + 027-BFO + fiat object part + (Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b is a proper continuant part of c at t and b is demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces + The upper and lower lobes of the left lung, the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body, the Western hemisphere of the Earth, the regional parts of an intact human body + fiat object part + + + + + + + + + 038-BFO + one-dimensional spatial region + (Elucidation) A one-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is a whole consisting of a line together with zero or more lines and/or points as parts + An edge of a cube-shaped portion of space, a line connecting two points, two parallel lines extended in space + one-dimensional spatial region + + + + + + + + + 025-BFO + object aggregate + (Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit + The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments, the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint, the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere, a collection of cells in a blood biobank + object aggregate + 'Exactly' means that there are no parts of the object aggregate other than its member parts. + The unit can, at certain times, consist of exactly one object, for example, when a wolf litter loses all but one of its pups, but it must at some time have a plurality of member parts. + + + + + + + + + 040-BFO + three-dimensional spatial region + (Elucidation) A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is a whole consisting of a spatial volume together with zero or more spatial volumes and/or spatial regions of lower dimension as parts + A cube-shaped region of space, a sphere-shaped region of space, the region of space occupied by all and only the planets in the solar system at some point in time + three-dimensional spatial region + + + + + + + + + 034-BFO + site + (Elucidation) A site b is an immaterial entity of three dimensions whose boundaries either (1) (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or (2) have locations determined in relation to some material entity + A hole in a portion of cheese, a rabbit hole, the Grand Canyon, the Piazza San Marco, the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch, your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity), the lumen of your gut, the hold of a ship, the interior of the trunk of your car, hole in an engineered floor joist, an air traffic control region of type A is determined in terms of elevation above mean sea level of lower and upper boundaries + site + + + + + + + + + 024-BFO + object + (Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity and is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested + An organism, a fish tank, a planet, a laptop, a valve, a block of marble, an ice cube + object + There are three major types of causal unity: causal unity via physical covering (e.g. interior parts bound by common membrane), causal unity via physical forces (e.g. interior parts bound by ionic or covalent bonds), and causal unity via engineered assembly of components (e.g. dovetail joints, balls and bearings). + To say that b is 'causally unified' is to say that if b has a continuant part c at time t in its interior and c is moved outside the spatial region occupied by b at t, then either b's other parts move in a coordinated fashion or b is damaged, broken, torn, etc. + + + + + + + + + 074-BFO + generically dependent continuant + g-dependent continuant + (Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is a continuant that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies; it is the content or the pattern that the multiple copies share + The pdf file on your laptop and the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule and the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule, the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal, the content of a sentence, an engineering blueprint + generically dependent continuant + + + + + + + + + 064-BFO + function + (Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort + The function of a hammer to drive in nails, the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity + function + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 084-BFO + process boundary + p is a process boundary =Def p is an occurrent, is a temporal part of a process, and p has no proper temporal parts + The boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life + process boundary + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 103-BFO + one-dimensional temporal region + (Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole having a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts + The temporal region during which a process occurs + one-dimensional temporal region + + + + + + + + + + 019-BFO + material entity + (Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant that at all times at which it exists has some portion of matter as continuant part + A human being, the undetached arm of a human being, an aggregate of human beings + material entity + + + + + + + + + 029-BFO + continuant fiat boundary + (Elucidation) A continuant fiat boundary b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one, or two dimensions, whose location is determined in relation to some material entity, and which is such that there is no time t when b has a spatial region as continuant part at t + As for fiat point, fiat line, and fiat surface + continuant fiat boundary + + + + + + + + + 028-BFO + immaterial entity + a is an immaterial entity =Def a is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part at t + As for continuant fiat boundary, site, and spatial region + immaterial entity + + + + + + + + + 032-BFO + fiat line + (Elucidation) A fiat line is a continuant fiat boundary of one dimension that is continuous + The Equator, all geopolitical boundaries, all lines of latitude and longitude, the median sulcus of your tongue, the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin + fiat line + + + + + + + + + 057-BFO + relational quality + b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality and there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical, b s-depends on c, and b s-depends on d + A marriage bond, an instance of love, an obligation between one person and another + relational quality + + + + + + + + + 033-BFO + fiat surface + (Elucidation) A fiat surface is a continuant fiat boundary of two dimensions that is self-connected + The surface of the Earth, the plane separating the smoking from the non-smoking zone in a restaurant + fiat surface + + + + + + + + + 031-BFO + fiat point + (Elucidation) A fiat point is a continuant fiat boundary of zero dimension that consists of a single point + The geographic North Pole, the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona meet, the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system + fiat point + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 102-BFO + zero-dimensional temporal region + (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts + A temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary, the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident + zero-dimensional temporal region + + + + + + + + + 138-BFO + history + (Elucidation) A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by the material part of a material entity + The life of an organism from the beginning to the end of its existence. + history + + + + + + + + + 155-BFO + temporal interval + (Elucidation) A temporal interval is a one-dimensional temporal region that is continuous, thus without gaps or breaks + The year 2018 + temporal interval + A one-dimensional temporal region can include as parts not only temporal intervals but also temporal instants separated from other parts by gaps + + + + + + + + + 209-BFO + temporal instant + (Elucidation) A temporal instant is a zero-dimensional temporal region that has no proper temporal part + The millennium + temporal instant + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +