feat: Add configurable timeouts for MCP tool invocations (Good first issues: #10684) (#11029)

Co-authored-by: Tejas Goyal <tejas@Tejass-MacBook-Pro.local>

config.template.toml

@@ -489,6 +489,47 @@ type = "noop"
 # Run the runtime sandbox container in privileged mode for use with docker-in-docker
 #privileged = false
 
+#################################### MCP #####################################
+# Configuration for Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers
+# MCP allows OpenHands to communicate with external tool servers
+##############################################################################
+[mcp]
+# SSE servers - Server-Sent Events transport (legacy)
+#sse_servers = [
+#    # Basic SSE server with just a URL
+#    "http://localhost:8080/mcp/sse",
+#
+#    # SSE server with authentication
+#    {url = "https://api.example.com/mcp/sse", api_key = "your-api-key"}
+#]
+
+# SHTTP servers - Streamable HTTP transport (recommended)
+#shttp_servers = [
+#    # Basic SHTTP server with default 60s timeout
+#    "https://api.example.com/mcp/shttp",
+#
+#    # SHTTP server with custom timeout for long-running tools
+#    {
+#        url = "https://api.example.com/mcp/shttp",
+#        api_key = "your-api-key",
+#        timeout = 180  # 3 minutes for processing-heavy tools (1-3600 seconds)
+#    }
+#]
+
+# Stdio servers - Direct process communication (development only)
+#stdio_servers = [
+#    # Basic stdio server
+#    {name = "filesystem", command = "npx", args = ["@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem", "/"]},
+#
+#    # Stdio server with environment variables
+#    {
+#        name = "fetch",
+#        command = "uvx",
+#        args = ["mcp-server-fetch"],
+#        env = {DEBUG = "true"}
+#    }
+#]
+
 #################################### Model Routing ############################
 # Configuration for experimental model routing feature
 # Enables intelligent switching between different LLM models for specific purposes

docs/usage/mcp.mdx

@@ -67,6 +67,19 @@ sse_servers = [
     # External MCP service with authentication
     {url="https://api.example.com/mcp/sse", api_key="your-api-key"}
 ]
+
+# SHTTP Servers - Modern streamable HTTP transport (recommended)
+shttp_servers = [
+    # Basic SHTTP server with default 60s timeout
+    "https://api.example.com/mcp/shttp",
+    
+    # Server with custom timeout for heavy operations
+    {
+        url = "https://files.example.com/mcp/shttp",
+        api_key = "your-api-key",
+        timeout = 1800  # 30 minutes for large file processing
+    }
+]
 ```
 
 
@@ -118,6 +131,17 @@ SHTTP (Streamable HTTP) servers are configured using either a string URL or an o
   - Type: `str`
   - Description: API key for authentication
 
+- `timeout` (optional)
+  - Type: `int`
+  - Default: `60`
+  - Range: `1-3600` seconds (1 hour maximum)
+  - Description: Timeout in seconds for tool execution. This prevents tool calls from hanging indefinitely.
+  - **Use Cases:**
+    - **Short timeout (1-30s)**: For lightweight operations like status checks or simple queries
+    - **Medium timeout (30-300s)**: For standard processing tasks like data analysis or API calls  
+    - **Long timeout (300-3600s)**: For heavy operations like file processing, complex calculations, or batch operations
+  - **Note**: This timeout only applies to individual tool calls, not server connection establishment.
+
 ### Stdio Servers
 
 **Note**: While stdio servers are supported, we recommend using MCP proxies (see above) for better reliability and performance.
@@ -192,5 +216,27 @@ SHTTP is the modern HTTP-based transport protocol that provides enhanced feature
 
 SHTTP is the recommended transport for HTTP-based MCP servers as it provides better reliability and features compared to the legacy SSE transport.
 
+#### SHTTP Timeout Best Practices
+
+When configuring SHTTP timeouts, consider these guidelines:
+
+**Timeout Selection:**
+- **Database queries**: 30-60 seconds
+- **File operations**: 60-300 seconds (depending on file size)
+- **Web scraping**: 60-120 seconds
+- **Complex calculations**: 300-1800 seconds
+- **Batch processing**: 1800-3600 seconds (maximum)
+
+**Error Handling:**
+When a tool call exceeds the configured timeout:
+- The operation is cancelled with an `asyncio.TimeoutError`
+- The agent receives a timeout error message
+- The server connection remains active for subsequent requests
+
+**Monitoring:**
+- Set timeouts based on your tool's actual performance characteristics
+- Monitor timeout occurrences to optimize timeout values
+- Consider implementing server-side timeout handling for graceful degradation
+
 ### Standard Input/Output (stdio)
 Stdio transport enables communication through standard input and output streams, making it ideal for local integrations and command-line tools. This transport is used for locally executed MCP servers that run as separate processes.

frontend/public/mockServiceWorker.js

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  * - Please do NOT modify this file.
  */
 
-const PACKAGE_VERSION = '2.10.5'
+const PACKAGE_VERSION = '2.11.1'
 const INTEGRITY_CHECKSUM = 'f5825c521429caf22a4dd13b66e243af'
 const IS_MOCKED_RESPONSE = Symbol('isMockedResponse')
 const activeClientIds = new Set()

frontend/src/components/features/settings/mcp-settings/mcp-server-form.tsx

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ interface MCPServerConfig {
   name?: string;
   url?: string;
   api_key?: string;
+  timeout?: number;
   command?: string;
   args?: string[];
   env?: Record<string, string>;
@@ -120,6 +121,22 @@ export function MCPServerForm({
     return null;
   };
 
+  const validateTimeout = (timeoutStr: string): string | null => {
+    if (!timeoutStr.trim()) return null; // Optional field
+
+    const timeout = parseInt(timeoutStr.trim(), 10);
+    if (Number.isNaN(timeout)) {
+      return t(I18nKey.SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_TIMEOUT_INVALID_NUMBER);
+    }
+    if (timeout <= 0) {
+      return t(I18nKey.SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_TIMEOUT_POSITIVE);
+    }
+    if (timeout > 3600) {
+      return t(I18nKey.SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_TIMEOUT_MAX_EXCEEDED);
+    }
+    return null;
+  };
+
   const validateStdioServer = (formData: FormData): string | null => {
     const name = formData.get("name")?.toString().trim() || "";
     const command = formData.get("command")?.toString().trim() || "";
@@ -148,6 +165,14 @@ export function MCPServerForm({
       if (urlError) return urlError;
       const urlDupError = validateUrlUniqueness(url);
       if (urlDupError) return urlDupError;
+
+      // Validate timeout for SHTTP servers only
+      if (serverType === "shttp") {
+        const timeoutStr = formData.get("timeout")?.toString() || "";
+        const timeoutError = validateTimeout(timeoutStr);
+        if (timeoutError) return timeoutError;
+      }
+
       return null;
     }
 
@@ -203,12 +228,23 @@ export function MCPServerForm({
     if (serverType === "sse" || serverType === "shttp") {
       const url = formData.get("url")?.toString().trim();
       const apiKey = formData.get("api_key")?.toString().trim();
+      const timeoutStr = formData.get("timeout")?.toString().trim();
 
-      onSubmit({
+      const serverConfig: MCPServerConfig = {
         ...baseConfig,
         url: url!,
         ...(apiKey && { api_key: apiKey }),
-      });
+      };
+
+      // Only add timeout for SHTTP servers
+      if (serverType === "shttp" && timeoutStr) {
+        const timeoutValue = parseInt(timeoutStr, 10);
+        if (!Number.isNaN(timeoutValue)) {
+          serverConfig.timeout = timeoutValue;
+        }
+      }
+
+      onSubmit(serverConfig);
     } else if (serverType === "stdio") {
       const name = formData.get("name")?.toString().trim();
       const command = formData.get("command")?.toString().trim();
@@ -283,6 +319,21 @@ export function MCPServerForm({
             defaultValue={server?.api_key || ""}
             placeholder={t(I18nKey.SETTINGS$MCP_API_KEY_PLACEHOLDER)}
           />
+
+          {serverType === "shttp" && (
+            <SettingsInput
+              testId="timeout-input"
+              name="timeout"
+              type="number"
+              label="Timeout (seconds)"
+              className="w-full max-w-[680px]"
+              showOptionalTag
+              defaultValue={server?.timeout?.toString() || ""}
+              placeholder="60"
+              min={1}
+              max={3600}
+            />
+          )}
         </>
       )}
 

frontend/src/components/features/settings/mcp-settings/mcp-server-list-item.tsx

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ interface MCPServerConfig {
   name?: string;
   url?: string;
   api_key?: string;
+  timeout?: number;
   command?: string;
   args?: string[];
   env?: Record<string, string>;

frontend/src/components/features/settings/mcp-settings/mcp-server-list.tsx

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ interface MCPServerConfig {
   name?: string;
   url?: string;
   api_key?: string;
+  timeout?: number;
   command?: string;
   args?: string[];
   env?: Record<string, string>;

frontend/src/hooks/mutation/use-add-mcp-server.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ interface MCPServerConfig {
   name?: string;
   url?: string;
   api_key?: string;
+  timeout?: number;
   command?: string;
   args?: string[];
   env?: Record<string, string>;
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ export function useAddMcpServer() {
         const shttpServer: MCPSHTTPServer = {
           url: server.url!,
           ...(server.api_key && { api_key: server.api_key }),
+          ...(server.timeout !== undefined && { timeout: server.timeout }),
         };
         newConfig.shttp_servers.push(shttpServer);
       }

frontend/src/hooks/mutation/use-update-mcp-server.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ interface MCPServerConfig {
   name?: string;
   url?: string;
   api_key?: string;
+  timeout?: number;
   command?: string;
   args?: string[];
   env?: Record<string, string>;
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ export function useUpdateMcpServer() {
         const shttpServer: MCPSHTTPServer = {
           url: server.url!,
           ...(server.api_key && { api_key: server.api_key }),
+          ...(server.timeout !== undefined && { timeout: server.timeout }),
         };
         newConfig.shttp_servers[index] = shttpServer;
       }

frontend/src/i18n/declaration.ts

@@ -806,6 +806,9 @@ export enum I18nKey {
   SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_COMMAND_NO_SPACES = "SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_COMMAND_NO_SPACES",
   SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_URL_DUPLICATE = "SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_URL_DUPLICATE",
   SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_ENV_INVALID_FORMAT = "SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_ENV_INVALID_FORMAT",
+  SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_TIMEOUT_INVALID_NUMBER = "SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_TIMEOUT_INVALID_NUMBER",
+  SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_TIMEOUT_POSITIVE = "SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_TIMEOUT_POSITIVE",
+  SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_TIMEOUT_MAX_EXCEEDED = "SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_TIMEOUT_MAX_EXCEEDED",
   SETTINGS$MCP_SERVER_TYPE = "SETTINGS$MCP_SERVER_TYPE",
   SETTINGS$MCP_API_KEY_PLACEHOLDER = "SETTINGS$MCP_API_KEY_PLACEHOLDER",
   SETTINGS$MCP_COMMAND_ARGUMENTS = "SETTINGS$MCP_COMMAND_ARGUMENTS",

frontend/src/i18n/translation.json

@@ -12895,6 +12895,54 @@
     "de": "Environment variables must follow KEY=value format",
     "uk": "Environment variables must follow KEY=value format"
   },
+  "SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_TIMEOUT_INVALID_NUMBER": {
+    "en": "Timeout must be a valid number",
+    "ja": "タイムアウトは有効な数値である必要があります",
+    "zh-CN": "超时必须是有效数字",
+    "zh-TW": "超時必須是有效數字",
+    "ko-KR": "타임아웃은 유효한 숫자여야 합니다",
+    "no": "Timeout må være et gyldig tall",
+    "it": "Il timeout deve essere un numero valido",
+    "pt": "O timeout deve ser um número válido",
+    "es": "El timeout debe ser un número válido",
+    "ar": "يجب أن يكون المهلة الزمنية رقمًا صالحًا",
+    "fr": "Le timeout doit être un nombre valide",
+    "tr": "Zaman aşımı geçerli bir sayı olmalıdır",
+    "de": "Timeout muss eine gültige Zahl sein",
+    "uk": "Таймаут повинен бути дійсним числом"
+  },
+  "SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_TIMEOUT_POSITIVE": {
+    "en": "Timeout must be positive",
+    "ja": "タイムアウトは正の値である必要があります",
+    "zh-CN": "超时必须为正数",
+    "zh-TW": "超時必須為正數",
+    "ko-KR": "타임아웃은 양수여야 합니다",
+    "no": "Timeout må være positiv",
+    "it": "Il timeout deve essere positivo",
+    "pt": "O timeout deve ser positivo",
+    "es": "El timeout debe ser positivo",
+    "ar": "يجب أن تكون المهلة الزمنية موجبة",
+    "fr": "Le timeout doit être positif",
+    "tr": "Zaman aşımı pozitif olmalıdır",
+    "de": "Timeout muss positiv sein",
+    "uk": "Таймаут повинен бути позитивним"
+  },
+  "SETTINGS$MCP_ERROR_TIMEOUT_MAX_EXCEEDED": {
+    "en": "Timeout cannot exceed 3600 seconds (1 hour)",
+    "ja": "タイムアウトは3600秒（1時間）を超えることはできません",
+    "zh-CN": "超时不能超过3600秒（1小时）",
+    "zh-TW": "超時不能超過3600秒（1小時）",
+    "ko-KR": "타임아웃은 3600초(1시간)을 초과할 수 없습니다",
+    "no": "Timeout kan ikke overstige 3600 sekunder (1 time)",
+    "it": "Il timeout non può superare 3600 secondi (1 ora)",
+    "pt": "O timeout não pode exceder 3600 segundos (1 hora)",
+    "es": "El timeout no puede exceder 3600 segundos (1 hora)",
+    "ar": "لا يمكن أن تتجاوز المهلة الزمنية 3600 ثانية (ساعة واحدة)",
+    "fr": "Le timeout ne peut pas dépasser 3600 secondes (1 heure)",
+    "tr": "Zaman aşımı 3600 saniyeyi (1 saat) aşamaz",
+    "de": "Timeout kann 3600 Sekunden (1 Stunde) nicht überschreiten",
+    "uk": "Таймаут не може перевищувати 3600 секунд (1 година)"
+  },
   "SETTINGS$MCP_SERVER_TYPE": {
     "en": "Server Type",
     "ja": "サーバータイプ",

frontend/src/routes/mcp-settings.tsx

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ interface MCPServerConfig {
   name?: string;
   url?: string;
   api_key?: string;
+  timeout?: number;
   command?: string;
   args?: string[];
   env?: Record<string, string>;
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ function MCPSettingsScreen() {
       type: "shttp" as const,
       url: typeof server === "string" ? server : server.url,
       api_key: typeof server === "object" ? server.api_key : undefined,
+      timeout: typeof server === "object" ? server.timeout : undefined,
     })),
   ];
 

frontend/src/types/settings.ts

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ export type MCPStdioServer = {
 export type MCPSHTTPServer = {
   url: string;
   api_key?: string;
+  timeout?: number;
 };
 
 export type MCPConfig = {

openhands/core/config/mcp_config.py

@@ -189,8 +189,17 @@ class MCPStdioServerConfig(BaseModel):
 
 
 class MCPSHTTPServerConfig(BaseModel):
+    """Configuration for a MCP server that uses SHTTP.
+
+    Attributes:
+        url: The server URL
+        api_key: Optional API key for authentication
+        timeout: Timeout in seconds for tool calls (default: 60s)
+    """
+
     url: str
     api_key: str | None = None
+    timeout: int | None = 60
 
     @field_validator('url', mode='before')
     @classmethod
@@ -198,6 +207,17 @@ class MCPSHTTPServerConfig(BaseModel):
         """Validate URL format for MCP servers."""
         return _validate_mcp_url(v)
 
+    @field_validator('timeout')
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_timeout(cls, v: int | None) -> int | None:
+        """Validate timeout value for MCP tool calls."""
+        if v is not None:
+            if v <= 0:
+                raise ValueError('Timeout must be positive')
+            if v > 3600:  # 1 hour max
+                raise ValueError('Timeout cannot exceed 3600 seconds')
+        return v
+
 
 class MCPConfig(BaseModel):
     """Configuration for MCP (Message Control Protocol) settings.

openhands/mcp/client.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import asyncio
 from typing import Optional
 
 from fastmcp import Client
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ class MCPClient(BaseModel):
     description: str = 'MCP client tools for server interaction'
     tools: list[MCPClientTool] = Field(default_factory=list)
     tool_map: dict[str, MCPClientTool] = Field(default_factory=dict)
+    server_timeout: Optional[float] = None  # Timeout from server config for tool calls
 
     async def _initialize_and_list_tools(self) -> None:
         """Initialize session and populate tool map."""
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ class MCPClient(BaseModel):
         conversation_id: str | None = None,
         timeout: float = 30.0,
     ):
-        """Connect to MCP server using SHTTP or SSE transport"""
+        """Connect to MCP server using SHTTP or SSE transport."""
         server_url = server.url
         api_key = server.api_key
 
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ class MCPClient(BaseModel):
             raise
 
     async def connect_stdio(self, server: MCPStdioServerConfig, timeout: float = 30.0):
-        """Connect to MCP server using stdio transport"""
+        """Connect to MCP server using stdio transport."""
         try:
             transport = StdioTransport(
                 command=server.command, args=server.args or [], env=server.env
@@ -145,7 +147,20 @@ class MCPClient(BaseModel):
             raise
 
     async def call_tool(self, tool_name: str, args: dict) -> CallToolResult:
-        """Call a tool on the MCP server."""
+        """Call a tool on the MCP server with timeout from server configuration.
+
+        Args:
+            tool_name: Name of the tool to call
+            args: Arguments to pass to the tool
+
+        Returns:
+            CallToolResult from the MCP server
+
+        Raises:
+            asyncio.TimeoutError: If the tool call times out
+            ValueError: If the tool is not found
+            RuntimeError: If the client session is not available
+        """
         if tool_name not in self.tool_map:
             raise ValueError(f'Tool {tool_name} not found.')
         # The MCPClientTool is primarily for metadata; use the session to call the actual tool.
@@ -153,4 +168,11 @@ class MCPClient(BaseModel):
             raise RuntimeError('Client session is not available.')
 
         async with self.client:
-            return await self.client.call_tool_mcp(name=tool_name, arguments=args)
+            # Use server timeout if configured
+            if self.server_timeout is not None:
+                return await asyncio.wait_for(
+                    self.client.call_tool_mcp(name=tool_name, arguments=args),
+                    timeout=self.server_timeout,
+                )
+            else:
+                return await self.client.call_tool_mcp(name=tool_name, arguments=args)

openhands/mcp/utils.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import asyncio
 import json
 import shutil
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
@@ -128,6 +129,11 @@ async def create_mcp_clients(
         )
         client = MCPClient()
 
+        # Set server timeout for SHTTP servers
+        if isinstance(server, MCPSHTTPServerConfig) and server.timeout is not None:
+            client.server_timeout = float(server.timeout)
+            logger.debug(f'Set SHTTP server timeout to {server.timeout}s')
+
         try:
             await client.connect_http(server, conversation_id=conversation_id)
 
@@ -253,6 +259,22 @@ async def call_tool_mcp(mcp_clients: list[MCPClient], action: MCPAction) -> Obse
             name=action.name,
             arguments=action.arguments,
         )
+    except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+        # Handle timeout errors specifically
+        timeout_val = getattr(matching_client, 'server_timeout', 'unknown')
+        logger.error(f'MCP tool {action.name} timed out after {timeout_val}s')
+        error_content = json.dumps(
+            {
+                'isError': True,
+                'error': f'Tool "{action.name}" timed out after {timeout_val} seconds',
+                'content': [],
+            }
+        )
+        return MCPObservation(
+            content=error_content,
+            name=action.name,
+            arguments=action.arguments,
+        )
     except McpError as e:
         # Handle MCP errors by returning an error observation instead of raising
         logger.error(f'MCP error when calling tool {action.name}: {e}')

tests/unit/core/config/test_shttp_timeout_config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+"""Test MCP SHTTP server timeout configuration."""
+
+import pytest
+from pydantic import ValidationError
+
+from openhands.core.config.mcp_config import MCPSHTTPServerConfig
+
+
+class TestMCPSHTTPServerConfig:
+    """Test SHTTP server configuration with timeout field."""
+
+    def test_shttp_config_with_timeout(self):
+        """Test SHTTP config accepts timeout parameter."""
+        config = MCPSHTTPServerConfig(url='https://api.example.com/mcp', timeout=90)
+        assert config.timeout == 90
+        assert config.url == 'https://api.example.com/mcp'
+        assert config.api_key is None
+
+    def test_shttp_config_with_api_key_and_timeout(self):
+        """Test SHTTP config with both API key and timeout."""
+        config = MCPSHTTPServerConfig(
+            url='https://api.example.com/mcp', api_key='test-key-123', timeout=120
+        )
+        assert config.timeout == 120
+        assert config.api_key == 'test-key-123'
+
+    def test_shttp_config_default_timeout(self):
+        """Test SHTTP config uses default timeout when not specified."""
+        config = MCPSHTTPServerConfig(url='https://api.example.com/mcp')
+        assert config.timeout == 60  # Default value
+
+    def test_shttp_config_none_timeout(self):
+        """Test SHTTP config accepts None timeout."""
+        config = MCPSHTTPServerConfig(url='https://api.example.com/mcp', timeout=None)
+        assert config.timeout is None
+
+    def test_timeout_validation_positive_values(self):
+        """Test timeout validation accepts positive values."""
+        # Test various valid timeout values
+        valid_timeouts = [1, 5, 30, 60, 120, 300, 600, 1800, 3600]
+
+        for timeout in valid_timeouts:
+            config = MCPSHTTPServerConfig(
+                url='https://api.example.com/mcp', timeout=timeout
+            )
+            assert config.timeout == timeout
+
+    def test_timeout_validation_zero_raises_error(self):
+        """Test timeout validation rejects zero timeout."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
+            MCPSHTTPServerConfig(url='https://api.example.com/mcp', timeout=0)
+        assert 'Timeout must be positive' in str(exc_info.value)
+
+    def test_timeout_validation_negative_raises_error(self):
+        """Test timeout validation rejects negative timeout."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
+            MCPSHTTPServerConfig(url='https://api.example.com/mcp', timeout=-10)
+        assert 'Timeout must be positive' in str(exc_info.value)
+
+    def test_timeout_validation_max_limit(self):
+        """Test timeout validation enforces maximum limit."""
+        # Test exactly at the limit
+        config = MCPSHTTPServerConfig(url='https://api.example.com/mcp', timeout=3600)
+        assert config.timeout == 3600
+
+        # Test exceeding the limit
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
+            MCPSHTTPServerConfig(url='https://api.example.com/mcp', timeout=3601)
+        assert 'Timeout cannot exceed 3600 seconds' in str(exc_info.value)
+
+    def test_timeout_validation_way_over_limit(self):
+        """Test timeout validation rejects very large values."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
+            MCPSHTTPServerConfig(
+                url='https://api.example.com/mcp',
+                timeout=86400,  # 24 hours
+            )
+        assert 'Timeout cannot exceed 3600 seconds' in str(exc_info.value)
+
+    def test_url_validation_still_works(self):
+        """Test that existing URL validation still works with timeout field."""
+        # Valid URL should work
+        config = MCPSHTTPServerConfig(url='https://api.example.com/mcp', timeout=30)
+        assert config.url == 'https://api.example.com/mcp'
+
+        # Invalid URL should fail
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            MCPSHTTPServerConfig(url='not-a-url', timeout=30)
+
+    def test_backward_compatibility_no_timeout(self):
+        """Test backward compatibility - config works without timeout field."""
+        # Should work exactly like before the timeout field was added
+        config = MCPSHTTPServerConfig(url='https://api.example.com/mcp')
+        assert config.url == 'https://api.example.com/mcp'
+        assert config.api_key is None
+        assert config.timeout == 60  # Default
+
+    def test_model_dump_includes_timeout(self):
+        """Test that model serialization includes timeout field."""
+        config = MCPSHTTPServerConfig(
+            url='https://api.example.com/mcp', api_key='test-key', timeout=90
+        )
+
+        data = config.model_dump()
+        expected = {
+            'url': 'https://api.example.com/mcp',
+            'api_key': 'test-key',
+            'timeout': 90,
+        }
+        assert data == expected
+
+    def test_model_dump_with_none_timeout(self):
+        """Test model serialization with None timeout."""
+        config = MCPSHTTPServerConfig(url='https://api.example.com/mcp', timeout=None)
+
+        data = config.model_dump()
+        expected = {
+            'url': 'https://api.example.com/mcp',
+            'api_key': None,
+            'timeout': None,
+        }
+        assert data == expected