def split_bash_commands(commands):
    # States
    NORMAL = 0
    IN_SINGLE_QUOTE = 1
    IN_DOUBLE_QUOTE = 2
    IN_HEREDOC = 3

    state = NORMAL
    heredoc_trigger = None
    result = []
    current_command: list[str] = []

    i = 0
    while i < len(commands):
        char = commands[i]

        if state == NORMAL:
            if char == "'":
                state = IN_SINGLE_QUOTE
            elif char == '"':
                state = IN_DOUBLE_QUOTE
            elif char == '\\':
                # Check if this is escaping a newline
                if i + 1 < len(commands) and commands[i + 1] == '\n':
                    i += 1  # Skip the newline
                    # Continue with the next line as part of the same command
                    i += 1  # Move to the first character of the next line
                    continue
            elif char == '\n':
                if not heredoc_trigger and current_command:
                    result.append(''.join(current_command).strip())
                    current_command = []
            elif char == '<' and commands[i : i + 2] == '<<':
                # Detect heredoc
                state = IN_HEREDOC
                i += 2  # Skip '<<'
                while commands[i] == ' ':
                    i += 1
                start = i
                while commands[i] not in [' ', '\n']:
                    i += 1
                heredoc_trigger = commands[start:i]
                current_command.append(commands[start - 2 : i])  # Include '<<'
                continue  # Skip incrementing i at the end of the loop
            current_command.append(char)

        elif state == IN_SINGLE_QUOTE:
            current_command.append(char)
            if char == "'" and commands[i - 1] != '\\':
                state = NORMAL

        elif state == IN_DOUBLE_QUOTE:
            current_command.append(char)
            if char == '"' and commands[i - 1] != '\\':
                state = NORMAL

        elif state == IN_HEREDOC:
            current_command.append(char)
            if (
                char == '\n'
                and heredoc_trigger
                and commands[i + 1 : i + 1 + len(heredoc_trigger) + 1]
                == heredoc_trigger + '\n'
            ):
                # Check if the next line starts with the heredoc trigger followed by a newline
                i += (
                    len(heredoc_trigger) + 1
                )  # Move past the heredoc trigger and newline
                current_command.append(
                    heredoc_trigger + '\n'
                )  # Include the heredoc trigger and newline
                result.append(''.join(current_command).strip())
                current_command = []
                heredoc_trigger = None
                state = NORMAL
                continue

        i += 1

    # Add the last command if any
    if current_command:
        result.append(''.join(current_command).strip())

    # Remove any empty strings from the result
    result = [cmd for cmd in result if cmd]

    return result