.. _`Mapping`: Mapping ======= Mapping is the ability of a robot to understand its surroundings with external sensors such as LIDAR and camera. Robots have to recognize the position and shape of obstacles to avoid them. In mapping, grid mapping and machine learning algorithms are widely used[31][18]. Fig.3 shows mapping simulation results using grid mapping with 2D ray casting and 2D object clustering with k-means algorithm. .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 2 :caption: Contents gaussian_grid_map/gaussian_grid_map ndt_map/ndt_map ray_casting_grid_map/ray_casting_grid_map lidar_to_grid_map_tutorial/lidar_to_grid_map_tutorial point_cloud_sampling/point_cloud_sampling k_means_object_clustering/k_means_object_clustering circle_fitting/circle_fitting rectangle_fitting/rectangle_fitting normal_vector_estimation/normal_vector_estimation distance_map/distance_map