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This PR intends to provide a mechanism to support a third-party backend at runtime to generate the backend-specific code. The mechanism provided a common class to abstract the third-party backend logic and two essential functions to register and get the third-party backend at runtime. - `BaseBackend`: A common class to abstract the third-party backend logic - `register_backend`: Register a third-party backend with a given device type - `get_backend`: Get the third-party backend with a given device type Generally, a third-party backend must inherit from `BaseBackend` and implement all the member functions according to the backend characteristics. As long as the backend implementation is ready, the third-party backend can invoke `register_backend` to register it under a given device. During the kernel compilation and execution, the mechanism will get the registered backend to generate the kernel and launcher code for a given device. This PR added a dummy backend to simulate a third-party backend and demonstrate the usage. - [test_device_backend.py](https://github.com/openai/triton/pull/1643/files#diff-bbe4d50624f2d11bf17c878a1ed4d422918c124c182cf9357b993240c385bea1): To define a third-party backend and register the backend - [ExtensionBackend](https://github.com/openai/triton/pull/1643/files#diff-bbe4d50624f2d11bf17c878a1ed4d422918c124c182cf9357b993240c385bea1R123): Inherit from the `BaseBackend` and implement some specific logic like [filter out some compile stages](https://github.com/openai/triton/pull/1643/files#diff-bbe4d50624f2d11bf17c878a1ed4d422918c124c182cf9357b993240c385bea1R129-R135) - [Register the `ExtensionBackend` for `CPU`](https://github.com/openai/triton/pull/1643/files#diff-bbe4d50624f2d11bf17c878a1ed4d422918c124c182cf9357b993240c385bea1R279) - [extension_backend.c](https://github.com/openai/triton/pull/1643/files#diff-169c1d08b3a0a7b343cfa3258fbc32b47e0f6c46305a112652fa1bdaaec89d29): To provide the utility function to load kernel binary and get the backend properties.