diff --git a/packages/broadway.rb b/packages/broadway.rb
index b0c620d22..7cf6c4ba6 100644
--- a/packages/broadway.rb
+++ b/packages/broadway.rb
@@ -16,43 +16,51 @@ class Broadway < Package
   depends_on 'gtk3'
 
   def self.build
-    system "echo 'GDK_BACKEND=broadway' > .broadway.env"
-    system "echo 'XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/var/run/chrome' >> .broadway.env"
-    system "echo 'BROADWAY_DISPLAY=:5' >> .broadway.env"
-    system "echo '#!/bin/bash' > initbroadway"
-    system "echo 'BROADWAYD=\$(pidof broadwayd 2>/dev/null)' >> initbroadway"
-    system "echo 'if [ -z \"\${BROADWAYD}\" ]; then' >> initbroadway"
-    system "echo '  [ -f #{CREW_PREFIX}/bin/stopsommelier ] && stopsommelier' >> initbroadway"
-    system "echo '  broadwayd \${BROADWAY_DISPLAY} &' >> initbroadway"
-    system "echo '  sleep 3' >> initbroadway"
-    system "echo 'fi' >> initbroadway"
-    system "echo 'BROADWAYD=\$(pidof broadwayd 2>/dev/null)' >> initbroadway"
-    system "echo 'if [ ! -z \"\${BROADWAYD}\" ]; then' >> initbroadway"
-    system "echo '  echo \"broadwayd process \${BROADWAYD} is running\"' >> initbroadway"
-    system "echo 'else' >> initbroadway"
-    system "echo '  echo \"broadwayd failed to start\"' >> initbroadway"
-    system "echo '  exit 1' >> initbroadway"
-    system "echo 'fi' >> initbroadway"
-    system "echo '#!/bin/bash' > stopbroadway"
-    system 'echo >> stopbroadway'
-    system "echo 'BROADWAYD=\$(pidof broadwayd 2>/dev/null)' >> stopbroadway"
-    system "echo 'if [ ! -z \"\${BROADWAYD}\" ]; then' >> stopbroadway"
-    system "echo '  pkill broadwayd' >> stopbroadway"
-    system "echo '  sleep 3' >> stopbroadway"
-    system "echo 'fi' >> stopbroadway"
-    system "echo 'BROADWAYD=\$(pidof broadwayd 2> /dev/null)' >> stopbroadway"
-    system "echo 'if [ -z \"\${BROADWAYD}\" ]; then' >> stopbroadway"
-    system "echo '  echo \"broadwayd process stopped\"' >> stopbroadway"
-    system "echo 'else' >> stopbroadway"
-    system "echo '  echo \"broadwayd process \${BROADWAYD} is running\"' >> stopbroadway"
-    system "echo '  exit 1' >> stopbroadway"
-    system "echo 'fi' >> stopbroadway"
+    @broadwayenv = <<~BROADWAYENVEOF
+      GDK_BACKEND=broadway
+      XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/var/run/chrome
+      BROADWAY_DISPLAY=:5
+    BROADWAYENVEOF
+    File.write("#{CREW_DEST_HOME}/.broadway.env", @broadwayenv)
+    @initbroadway = <<~INITBROADWAYEOF
+      #!/bin/bash
+      BROADWAYD=$(pidof broadwayd 2>/dev/null)
+      if [ -z "${BROADWAYD}" ]; then
+        [ -f #{CREW_PREFIX}/bin/stopsommelier ] && stopsommelier
+        broadwayd ${BROADWAY_DISPLAY} &
+        sleep 3' >> initbroadway
+      fi
+      BROADWAYD=$(pidof broadwayd 2>/dev/null)
+      if [ ! -z "${BROADWAYD}" ]; then
+        echo "broadwayd process ${BROADWAYD} is running"
+      else
+        echo "broadwayd failed to start"
+        exit 1
+      fi
+    INITBROADWAYEOF
+    File.write('initbroadway', @initbroadway)
+    @stopbroadway = <<~STOPBROADWAYEOF
+      #!/bin/bash
+      BROADWAYD=$(pidof broadwayd 2>/dev/null)
+      if [ ! -z "${BROADWAYD}" ]; then
+        pkill broadwayd
+        sleep 3
+      fi
+      BROADWAYD=$(pidof broadwayd 2> /dev/null)
+      if [ -z "${BROADWAYD}" ]; then
+        echo "broadwayd process stopped"
+      else
+        echo "broadwayd process ${BROADWAYD} is running"
+        exit 1
+      fi
+    STOPBROADWAYEOF
+    File.write('stopbroadway', @stopbroadway)
   end
 
   def self.install
-    system "install -Dm755 initbroadway #{CREW_DEST_PREFIX}/bin/initbroadway"
-    system "install -Dm755 stopbroadway #{CREW_DEST_PREFIX}/bin/stopbroadway"
-    system "install -Dm644 .broadway.env #{CREW_DEST_HOME}/.broadway.env"
+    FileUtils.install 'initbroadway', "#{CREW_DEST_PREFIX}/bin/initbroadway", mode: 0o755
+    FileUtils.install 'stopbroadway', "#{CREW_DEST_PREFIX}/bin/stopbroadway", mode: 0o755
+    FileUtils.install '.broadway.env', "#{CREW_DEST_HOME}/.broadway.env", mode: 0o644
   end
 
   def self.postinstall
@@ -67,7 +75,7 @@ class Broadway < Package
     puts "To start the broadwayd daemon, run 'startbroadway'".lightblue
     puts "To stop the broadwayd daemon, run 'stopbroadway'".lightblue
     puts
-    puts 'To adjust environment variables, edit ~/.broadway.env'.lightblue
+    puts "To adjust environment variables, edit #{CREW_HOME}/.broadway.env".lightblue
     puts
     puts 'Navigate your browser to http://127.0.0.1:8085 while the broadwayd'.lightblue
     puts 'daemon is running to run GTK applications in the browser window.'.lightblue
diff --git a/packages/cronie.rb b/packages/cronie.rb
index 672bd9880..aad4a3ce2 100644
--- a/packages/cronie.rb
+++ b/packages/cronie.rb
@@ -30,42 +30,50 @@ class Cronie < Package
            '--without-selinux',
            '--without-pam'
     system 'make'
-    system "echo '#!/bin/bash' > startcrond"
-    system "echo 'CROND=#{CREW_PREFIX}/sbin/crond' >> startcrond"
-    system "echo 'CRON=\$(pidof \$CROND 2> /dev/null)' >> startcrond"
-    system "echo 'if [ -z \"\$CRON\" ]; then' >> startcrond"
-    system "echo '  sudo \$CROND' >> startcrond"
-    system "echo '  sleep 3' >> startcrond"
-    system "echo 'fi' >> startcrond"
-    system "echo 'CRON=\$(pidof \$CROND 2> /dev/null)' >> startcrond"
-    system "echo 'if [ ! -z \"\$CRON\" ]; then' >> startcrond"
-    system "echo '  echo \"crond process \$CRON is running\"' >> startcrond"
-    system "echo 'else' >> startcrond"
-    system "echo '  echo \"crond failed to start\"' >> startcrond"
-    system "echo '  exit 1' >> startcrond"
-    system "echo 'fi' >> startcrond"
-    system "echo '#!/bin/bash' > stopcrond"
-    system "echo 'CROND=#{CREW_PREFIX}/sbin/crond' >> stopcrond"
-    system "echo 'CRON=\$(pidof \$CROND 2> /dev/null)' >> stopcrond"
-    system "echo 'if [ ! -z \"\$CRON\" ]; then' >> stopcrond"
-    system "echo '  sudo killall \$CROND' >> stopcrond"
-    system "echo '  sleep 3' >> stopcrond"
-    system "echo 'fi' >> stopcrond"
-    system "echo 'CRON=\$(pidof \$CROND 2> /dev/null)' >> stopcrond"
-    system "echo 'if [ -z \"\$CRON\" ]; then' >> stopcrond"
-    system "echo '  echo \"crond process stopped\"' >> stopcrond"
-    system "echo 'else' >> stopcrond"
-    system "echo '  echo \"crond process \$CRON is running\"' >> stopcrond"
-    system "echo '  exit 1' >> stopcrond"
-    system "echo 'fi' >> stopcrond"
+    @startcrond = <<~STARTCRONDEOF
+      #!/bin/bash
+      XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/var/run/chrome
+      BROADWAY_DISPLAY=:5
+      CROND=$CREW_PREFIX/sbin/crond
+      CRON=$(pidof $CROND 2> /dev/null)
+      if [ -z "$CRON" ]; then
+        sudo $CROND
+        sleep 3
+      fi
+      CRON=$(pidof $CROND 2> /dev/null)
+      if [ ! -z "$CRON" ]; then
+        echo "crond process $CRON is running"
+      else
+        echo "crond failed to start"
+        exit 1
+      fi
+    STARTCRONDEOF
+    File.write('startcrond', @startcrond)
+    @stopcrond = <<~STOPCRONDEOF
+      #!/bin/bash
+      CROND=$CREW_PREFIX/sbin/crond
+      CRON=$(pidof $CROND 2> /dev/null)
+      if [ ! -z "$CRON" ]; then
+        sudo killall $CROND
+        sleep 3
+      fi
+      CRON=$(pidof $CROND 2> /dev/null)
+      if [ -z "$CRON" ]; then
+        echo "crond process stopped"
+      else
+        echo "crond process $CRON is running"
+        exit 1
+      fi
+    STOPCRONDEOF
+    File.write('stopcrond', @stopcrond)
   end
 
   def self.install
     system 'make', "DESTDIR=#{CREW_DEST_DIR}", 'install'
     FileUtils.mkdir_p "#{CREW_DEST_PREFIX}/var/spool/cron"
-    system "touch #{CREW_DEST_PREFIX}/var/spool/cron/root"
-    system "install -Dm755 startcrond #{CREW_DEST_PREFIX}/bin/startcrond"
-    system "install -Dm755 stopcrond #{CREW_DEST_PREFIX}/bin/stopcrond"
+    FileUtils.touch "#{CREW_DEST_PREFIX}/var/spool/cron/root"
+    FileUtils.install 'startcrond', "#{CREW_DEST_PREFIX}/bin/startcrond", mode: 0o755
+    FileUtils.install 'stopcrond', "#{CREW_DEST_PREFIX}/bin/stopcrond", mode: 0o755
   end
 
   def self.postinstall
@@ -82,7 +90,6 @@ class Cronie < Package
     puts 'To list cron tasks, execute the following:'.lightblue
     puts 'sudo crontab -l'.lightblue
     puts
-    puts 'To start the crond daemon at login, execute the following:'.lightblue
     puts "echo '# start the crond daemon' >> ~/.bashrc".lightblue
     puts "echo 'if [ -f #{CREW_PREFIX}/bin/startcrond ]; then' >> ~/.bashrc".lightblue
     puts "echo '  #{CREW_PREFIX}/bin/startcrond' >> ~/.bashrc".lightblue
diff --git a/packages/nginx.rb b/packages/nginx.rb
index 582786601..2251556a4 100644
--- a/packages/nginx.rb
+++ b/packages/nginx.rb
@@ -28,39 +28,42 @@ class Nginx < Package
     system './configure',
            "--prefix=#{CREW_PREFIX}/share/nginx"
     system 'make'
+    @startnginx = <<~STARTNGINXEOF
+      #!/bin/bash
+      NGINX=$(ps ax | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v grep | xargs | cut -d" " -f1 2> /dev/null)
+      if [ -z "$NGINX" ]; then
+        sudo nginx
+      fi
+      NGINX=$(ps ax | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v grep | xargs | cut -d" " -f1 2> /dev/null)
+      if [ ! -z "$NGINX" ]; then
+        echo "nginx process $NGINX is running"
+      else
+        echo "nginx failed to start"
+        exit 1
+      fi
+    STARTNGINXEOF
+    File.write('startnginx', @startnginx)
+    @stopnginx = <<~STOPNGINXEOF
+      #!/bin/bash
+      NGINX=$(ps ax | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v grep | xargs | cut -d" " -f1 2> /dev/null)
+      if [ ! -z "$NGINX" ]; then
+        sudo nginx -s quit
+      fi
+      NGINX=$(ps ax | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v grep | xargs | cut -d" " -f1 2> /dev/null)
+      if [ -z "$NGINX" ]; then
+        echo "nginx process stopped"
+      else
+        echo "nginx process $NGINX is running"
+        exit 1
+      fi
+    STOPNGINXEOF
+    File.write('stopnginx', @stopnginx)
   end
 
   def self.install
     system 'make', "DESTDIR=#{CREW_DEST_DIR}", 'install'
-    FileUtils.mkdir_p "#{CREW_DEST_PREFIX}/bin"
-    FileUtils.cd("#{CREW_DEST_PREFIX}/bin") do
-      system "ln -s #{CREW_PREFIX}/share/nginx/sbin/nginx nginx"
-      system "echo '#!/bin/bash' > startnginx"
-      system "echo 'NGINX=\$(ps ax | grep \"nginx: master process\" | grep -v grep | xargs | cut -d\" \" -f1 2> /dev/null)' >> startnginx"
-      system "echo 'if [ -z \"\$NGINX\" ]; then' >> startnginx"
-      system "echo '  sudo nginx' >> startnginx"
-      system "echo 'fi' >> startnginx"
-      system "echo 'NGINX=\$(ps ax | grep \"nginx: master process\" | grep -v grep | xargs | cut -d\" \" -f1 2> /dev/null)' >> startnginx"
-      system "echo 'if [ ! -z \"\$NGINX\" ]; then' >> startnginx"
-      system "echo '  echo \"nginx process \$NGINX is running\"' >> startnginx"
-      system "echo 'else' >> startnginx"
-      system "echo '  echo \"nginx failed to start\"' >> startnginx"
-      system "echo '  exit 1' >> startnginx"
-      system "echo 'fi' >> startnginx"
-      system "echo '#!/bin/bash' > stopnginx"
-      system "echo 'NGINX=\$(ps ax | grep \"nginx: master process\" | grep -v grep | xargs | cut -d\" \" -f1 2> /dev/null)' >> stopnginx"
-      system "echo 'if [ ! -z \"\$NGINX\" ]; then' >> stopnginx"
-      system "echo '  sudo nginx -s quit' >> stopnginx"
-      system "echo 'fi' >> stopnginx"
-      system "echo 'NGINX=\$(ps ax | grep \"nginx: master process\" | grep -v grep | xargs | cut -d\" \" -f1 2> /dev/null)' >> stopnginx"
-      system "echo 'if [ -z \"\$NGINX\" ]; then' >> stopnginx"
-      system "echo '  echo \"nginx process stopped\"' >> stopnginx"
-      system "echo 'else' >> stopnginx"
-      system "echo '  echo \"nginx process \$NGINX is running\"' >> stopnginx"
-      system "echo '  exit 1' >> stopnginx"
-      system "echo 'fi' >> stopnginx"
-      system 'chmod +x st*nginx'
-    end
+    FileUtils.install 'startnginx', "#{CREW_DEST_PREFIX}/bin/startnginx", mode: 0o755
+    FileUtils.install 'stopnginx', "#{CREW_DEST_PREFIX}/bin/stopnginx", mode: 0o755
   end
 
   def self.postinstall
@@ -73,7 +76,6 @@ class Nginx < Package
     puts 'startnginx - starts nginx'.lightblue
     puts 'stopnginx - stops nginx'.lightblue
     puts
-    puts 'To start nginx on login, execute the following:'.lightblue
     puts "echo 'if [ -f #{CREW_PREFIX}/bin/startnginx ]; then' >> ~/.bashrc".lightblue
     puts "echo '  #{CREW_PREFIX}/bin/startnginx' >> ~/.bashrc".lightblue
     puts "echo 'fi' >> ~/.bashrc".lightblue