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coffeescript/docs/v2/annotated-source/optparse.html
Geoffrey Booth 704924c3cd 2.0.0-beta3 (#4594)
* Don’t confuse the syntax highlighter

* Comment Assign::compilePatternMatch a bit

* Assignment expressions in conditionals are a bad practice

* Rename `wrapInBraces` to `wrapInParentheses`, to set the stage for future `wrapInBraces` that uses `{` and `wrapInBrackets` that uses `[`

* Correct comment

* object destructuring

* Allow custom position of the rest element.

* Output simple array destructuring assignments to ES2015

* Output simple object destructured assignments to ES2015

* Compile shorthand object properties to ES2015 shorthand properties

This dramatically improves the appearance of destructured imports.

* Don’t confuse the syntax highlighter

* Comment Assign::compilePatternMatch a bit

* Assignment expressions in conditionals are a bad practice

* Rename `wrapInBraces` to `wrapInParentheses`, to set the stage for future `wrapInBraces` that uses `{` and `wrapInBrackets` that uses `[`

* object destructuring

* Allow custom position of the rest element.

* rest element in object destructuring

* rest element in object destructuring

* fix string interpolation

* merging

* fixing splats in object literal

* Rest element in parameter destructuring

* merging with CS2

* merged with CS2

* Add support for the object spread initializer. https://github.com/tc39/proposal-object-rest-spread/blob/master/Spread.md

* Fix misspellings, trailing whitespace, other minor details

* merging with beta2

* refactor object spread properties

* small fix

* - Fixed object spread function parameters.
- Clean up "Assign" and moved all logic for object rest properties in single method (compileObjectDestruct).
- Add helper function "objectWithoutKeys" to the "UTILITIES" for use with object rest properties,
  e.g. {a, b, r...} = obj => {a, b} = obj, r = objectWithoutKeys(...)
- Clean up "Obj" and moved all logic for object spread properties in single method (compileSpread).
- Clean up "Code".
- Add method "hasSplat" to "Obj" and "Value" for checking if Obj contains the splat.
- Enable placing spread syntax triple dots on either right or left, per #85 (https://github.com/coffeescript6/discuss/issues/85)

* Fixed typos

* Remove unused code

* Removed dots (e.g. splat) on the left side from the grammar

* Initial release for deep spread properties, e.g. obj2 = {obj.b..., a: 1} or {obj[b][c]..., d: 7}
Tests need to be prepared!

* 1. Object literal spread properties

Object literals:
- obj = { {b:{c:{d:1}}}..., a:1 }

Parenthetical:
- obj = { ( body ), a:1 }
- obj = { ( body )..., a:1 }

Invocation:
- obj = { ( (args) -> ... )(params), a:1 }
- obj = { ( (args) -> ... )(params)..., a:1 }
- obj = { foo(), a:1 }
- obj = { foo()..., a:1 }

2. Refactor, cleanup & other optimizations.

* Merged with 2.0

* Cleanup

* Some more cleanup.

* Fixed error with freeVariable and object destructuring.

* Fixed errors with object spread properties.

* Improvements, fixed errors.

* Minor improvement.

* Minor improvements.

* Typo.

* Remove unnecessary whitespace.

* Remove unnecessary whitespace.

* Changed few "assertErrorFormat" tests since parentheses are now allowed in the Obj.

* Whitespace cleanup

* Comments cleanup

* fix destructured obj param declarations

* refine fix; add test

* Refactor function args ({a, b...})

* Additional tests for object destructuring in function argument.

* Minor improvement for object destructuring variable declaration.

* refactor function args ({a, b...}) and ({a, b...} = {}); Obj And Param cleanup

* fix comment

* Fix object destructuring variable declaration.

* more tests with default values

* fix typo

* Fixed default values in object destructuring.

* small fix

* Babel’s tests for object rest spread

* Style: spaces after colons in object declarations

* Cleanup comments

* Simplify Babel tests

* Fix comments

* Fix destructuring with splats in multiple objects

* Add test for default values in detsructuring assignment with splats

* Handle default values when assigning to object splats

* Rewrite traverseRest to fix handling of dynamic keys

* Fix double parens around destructuring with splats

* Update compileObjectDestruct comments

* Improve formatting of top-level destructures with splats and tidy parens

* Added a bigger destructuring-with-defaults test and fixed a bug

* Refactor destructuring grammar to allow additional forms

* Add a missing case to ObjSpreadExpr

* These tests shouldn’t run in the browser

* Fix test.html

* Fix docs scroll position getting screwed up by CodeMirror initialization

* Breaking change documentation about => (fixes #4593)

* Spread/rest syntax documentation

* Documentation about bound class methods

* 2.0.0-beta3 changelog

* Add note about ‘lib’

* Fix accidentally converting this to tabs

* Bump version to 2.0.0-beta3

* Update annotated source and test.html
2017-06-30 09:58:05 -07:00

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<h1>optparse.coffee</h1>
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<div class="content"><div class='highlight'><pre>{repeat} = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span> <span class="hljs-string">'./helpers'</span></pre></div></div>
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<p>A simple <strong>OptionParser</strong> class to parse option flags from the command-line.
Use it like so:</p>
<pre><code>parser = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> OptionParser switches, helpBanner
options = parser.parse process.argv
</code></pre><p>The first non-option is considered to be the start of the file (and file
option) list, and all subsequent arguments are left unparsed.</p>
<p>The <code>coffee</code> command uses an instance of <strong>OptionParser</strong> to parse its
command-line arguments in <code>src/command.coffee</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="content"><div class='highlight'><pre>exports.OptionParser = <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">OptionParser</span></span></pre></div></div>
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<p>Initialize with a list of valid options, in the form:</p>
<pre><code>[short-flag, long-flag, description]
</code></pre><p>Along with an optional banner for the usage help.</p>
</div>
<div class="content"><div class='highlight'><pre> constructor: <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params">(rules, @banner)</span> -&gt;</span>
@rules = buildRules rules</pre></div></div>
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<p>Parse the list of arguments, populating an <code>options</code> object with all of the
specified options, and return it. Options after the first non-option
argument are treated as arguments. <code>options.arguments</code> will be an array
containing the remaining arguments. This is a simpler API than many option
parsers that allow you to attach callback actions for every flag. Instead,
youre responsible for interpreting the options object.</p>
</div>
<div class="content"><div class='highlight'><pre> parse: <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params">(args)</span> -&gt;</span>
options = arguments: []
skippingArgument = <span class="hljs-literal">no</span>
originalArgs = args
args = normalizeArguments args
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> arg, i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> args
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> skippingArgument
skippingArgument = <span class="hljs-literal">no</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> arg <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-string">'--'</span>
pos = originalArgs.indexOf <span class="hljs-string">'--'</span>
options.arguments = options.arguments.concat originalArgs[(pos + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>)..]
<span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>
isOption = !!(arg.match(LONG_FLAG) <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> arg.match(SHORT_FLAG))</pre></div></div>
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<p>the CS option parser is a little odd; options after the first
non-option argument are treated as non-option arguments themselves</p>
</div>
<div class="content"><div class='highlight'><pre> seenNonOptionArg = options.arguments.length &gt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">unless</span> seenNonOptionArg
matchedRule = <span class="hljs-literal">no</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> rule <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> @rules
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> rule.shortFlag <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> arg <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> rule.longFlag <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> arg
value = <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> rule.hasArgument
skippingArgument = <span class="hljs-literal">yes</span>
value = args[i + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>]
options[rule.name] = <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> rule.isList <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span> (options[rule.name] <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> []).concat value <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> value
matchedRule = <span class="hljs-literal">yes</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Error <span class="hljs-string">"unrecognized option: <span class="hljs-subst">#{arg}</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> isOption <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> matchedRule
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> seenNonOptionArg <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> isOption
options.arguments.push arg
options</pre></div></div>
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<p>Return the help text for this <strong>OptionParser</strong>, listing and describing all
of the valid options, for <code>--help</code> and such.</p>
</div>
<div class="content"><div class='highlight'><pre> help: <span class="hljs-function">-&gt;</span>
lines = []
lines.unshift <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">#{@banner}</span>\n"</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> @banner
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> rule <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> @rules
spaces = <span class="hljs-number">15</span> - rule.longFlag.length
spaces = <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> spaces &gt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span> repeat <span class="hljs-string">' '</span>, spaces <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-string">''</span>
letPart = <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> rule.shortFlag <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span> rule.shortFlag + <span class="hljs-string">', '</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-string">' '</span>
lines.push <span class="hljs-string">' '</span> + letPart + rule.longFlag + spaces + rule.description
<span class="hljs-string">"\n<span class="hljs-subst">#{ lines.join(<span class="hljs-string">'\n'</span>) }</span>\n"</span></pre></div></div>
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<h2 id="helpers">Helpers</h2>
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<p>Regex matchers for option flags.</p>
</div>
<div class="content"><div class='highlight'><pre>LONG_FLAG = <span class="hljs-regexp">/^(--\w[\w\-]*)/</span>
SHORT_FLAG = <span class="hljs-regexp">/^(-\w)$/</span>
MULTI_FLAG = <span class="hljs-regexp">/^-(\w{2,})/</span>
OPTIONAL = <span class="hljs-regexp">/\[(\w+(\*?))\]/</span></pre></div></div>
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<p>Build and return the list of option rules. If the optional <em>short-flag</em> is
unspecified, leave it out by padding with <code>null</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="content"><div class='highlight'><pre><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">buildRules</span> = <span class="hljs-params">(rules)</span> -&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> tuple <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> rules
tuple.unshift <span class="hljs-literal">null</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> tuple.length &lt; <span class="hljs-number">3</span>
buildRule tuple...</pre></div></div>
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<p>Build a rule from a <code>-o</code> short flag, a <code>--output [DIR]</code> long flag, and the
description of what the option does.</p>
</div>
<div class="content"><div class='highlight'><pre><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">buildRule</span> = <span class="hljs-params">(shortFlag, longFlag, description, options = {})</span> -&gt;</span>
match = longFlag.match(OPTIONAL)
longFlag = longFlag.match(LONG_FLAG)[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>]
{
name: longFlag.substr <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
shortFlag: shortFlag
longFlag: longFlag
description: description
hasArgument: !!(match <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> match[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>])
isList: !!(match <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> match[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>])
}</pre></div></div>
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<p>Normalize arguments by expanding merged flags into multiple flags. This allows
you to have <code>-wl</code> be the same as <code>--watch --lint</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="content"><div class='highlight'><pre><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">normalizeArguments</span> = <span class="hljs-params">(args)</span> -&gt;</span>
args = args[..]
result = []
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> arg <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> args
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> match = arg.match MULTI_FLAG
result.push <span class="hljs-string">'-'</span> + l <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> l <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> match[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>].split <span class="hljs-string">''</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>
result.push arg
result</pre></div></div>
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