feat(data-types): add skeleton of data types, add an Integer type

- add convenience functions to instantiate Integer
- add tests for the basic functions of integers

hdk/common/__init__.py

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+"""HDK's module for shared data structures and code"""
+from . import data_types

hdk/common/data_types/__init__.py

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+"""HDK's module for data types code and data structures"""
+from . import integers

hdk/common/data_types/base.py

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+"""File holding code to represent data types in a program"""
+
+from abc import ABC
+
+
+class BaseDataType(ABC):
+    """Base class to represent a data type"""

hdk/common/data_types/integers.py

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+"""This file holds the definitions for integer types"""
+
+from . import base
+
+
+class Integer(base.BaseDataType):
+    """Class representing an integer"""
+
+    bit_width: int
+    is_signed: bool
+
+    def __init__(self, bit_width: int, is_signed: bool) -> None:
+        self.bit_width = bit_width
+        self.is_signed = is_signed
+
+    def min_value(self) -> int:
+        """Minimum value representable by the Integer"""
+        if self.is_signed:
+            return -(2 ** (self.bit_width - 1))
+
+        return 0
+
+    def max_value(self) -> int:
+        """Maximum value representable by the Integer"""
+        if self.is_signed:
+            return 2 ** (self.bit_width - 1) - 1
+
+        return 2 ** self.bit_width - 1
+
+    def can_represent_value(self, value_to_represent: int) -> bool:
+        """A helper function to check if a value is representable by the Integer
+
+        Args:
+            value_to_represent (int): Value to check
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the value can be represented by this integer
+        """
+        return self.min_value() <= value_to_represent <= self.max_value()
+
+
+def create_signed_integer(bit_width: int) -> Integer:
+    """Convenience function to create a signed integer
+
+    Args:
+        bit_width (int): width of the integer
+
+    Returns:
+        Integer: A signed integer with the requested bit_width
+    """
+    return Integer(bit_width, is_signed=True)
+
+
+SignedInteger = create_signed_integer
+
+
+def create_unsigned_integer(bit_width: int) -> Integer:
+    """Convenience function to create an unsigned integer
+
+    Args:
+        bit_width (int): width of the integer
+
+    Returns:
+        Integer: An unsigned integer with the requested bit_width
+    """
+
+    return Integer(bit_width, is_signed=False)
+
+
+UnsignedInteger = create_unsigned_integer