diff --git a/compiler/include/zamalang/Conversion/MidLFHEToLowLFHE/Patterns.h b/compiler/include/zamalang/Conversion/MidLFHEToLowLFHE/Patterns.h
index 86e7c3a96..9e58b4efe 100644
--- a/compiler/include/zamalang/Conversion/MidLFHEToLowLFHE/Patterns.h
+++ b/compiler/include/zamalang/Conversion/MidLFHEToLowLFHE/Patterns.h
@@ -185,10 +185,23 @@ mlir::Value createPBS(mlir::PatternRewriter rewriter, mlir::Location loc,
 
   // keyswitch
   auto ct_type = ct.getType().cast<GLWECipherTextType>();
+  mlir::SmallVector<mlir::Value, 1> ksArgs{ct};
+  mlir::SmallVector<mlir::NamedAttribute, 6> ksAttrs{
+      mlir::NamedAttribute(
+          mlir::Identifier::get("inputLweSize", rewriter.getContext()), k),
+      // TODO: get the actual output size
+      mlir::NamedAttribute(
+          mlir::Identifier::get("outputLweSize", rewriter.getContext()), k),
+      mlir::NamedAttribute(
+          mlir::Identifier::get("level", rewriter.getContext()), levelKS),
+      mlir::NamedAttribute(
+          mlir::Identifier::get("baseLog", rewriter.getContext()), baseLogKS),
+  };
   mlir::Value keyswitched =
       rewriter
           .create<mlir::zamalang::LowLFHE::KeySwitchLweOp>(
-              loc, convertTypeGLWEToLWE(rewriter.getContext(), ct_type), ct)
+              loc, convertTypeGLWEToLWE(rewriter.getContext(), ct_type), ksArgs,
+              ksAttrs)
           .result();
 
   // convert result type
diff --git a/compiler/include/zamalang/Dialect/LowLFHE/IR/LowLFHEOps.td b/compiler/include/zamalang/Dialect/LowLFHE/IR/LowLFHEOps.td
index 7fb41332c..b808711b5 100644
--- a/compiler/include/zamalang/Dialect/LowLFHE/IR/LowLFHEOps.td
+++ b/compiler/include/zamalang/Dialect/LowLFHE/IR/LowLFHEOps.td
@@ -93,7 +93,11 @@ def SetPlaintextListElementOp : LowLFHE_Op<"set_plaintext_list_element">{
 def KeySwitchLweOp : LowLFHE_Op<"keyswitch_lwe"> {
     let arguments = (ins
         // LweKeySwitchKeyType:$keyswitch_key,
-        LweCiphertextType:$ciphertext
+        LweCiphertextType:$ciphertext,
+        I32Attr:$inputLweSize,
+        I32Attr:$outputLweSize,
+        I32Attr:$level,
+        I32Attr:$baseLog
     );
     let results = (outs LweCiphertextType:$result);
 }
diff --git a/compiler/lib/Conversion/LowLFHEToConcreteCAPI/LowLFHEToConcreteCAPI.cpp b/compiler/lib/Conversion/LowLFHEToConcreteCAPI/LowLFHEToConcreteCAPI.cpp
index 51b7efa6a..ae97f813a 100644
--- a/compiler/lib/Conversion/LowLFHEToConcreteCAPI/LowLFHEToConcreteCAPI.cpp
+++ b/compiler/lib/Conversion/LowLFHEToConcreteCAPI/LowLFHEToConcreteCAPI.cpp
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ struct LowLFHEKeySwitchLweOpPattern
     auto errType =
         mlir::MemRefType::get({}, mlir::IndexType::get(rewriter.getContext()));
     auto lweOperandType = op->getOperandTypes().front();
-    // Insert forward declaration of the allocate_bsk_key function
+    // Insert forward declaration of the allocate_ksk_key function
     {
       auto funcType = mlir::FunctionType::get(
           rewriter.getContext(),
@@ -578,7 +578,8 @@ struct LowLFHEKeySwitchLweOpPattern
     auto lweSizeOp = rewriter.create<mlir::ConstantOp>(
         op.getLoc(),
         mlir::IntegerAttr::get(
-            mlir::IntegerType::get(rewriter.getContext(), 32), -1));
+            mlir::IntegerType::get(rewriter.getContext(), 32),
+            op->getAttr("outputLweSize").cast<mlir::IntegerAttr>().getInt()));
     mlir::SmallVector<mlir::Value> allocLweCtOperands{errOp, lweSizeOp};
     auto allocateLweCtOp = rewriter.replaceOpWithNewOp<mlir::CallOp>(
         op, "allocate_lwe_ciphertext_u64", lweOutputType, allocLweCtOperands);
@@ -586,19 +587,23 @@ struct LowLFHEKeySwitchLweOpPattern
     auto decompLevelCountOp = rewriter.create<mlir::ConstantOp>(
         op.getLoc(),
         mlir::IntegerAttr::get(
-            mlir::IntegerType::get(rewriter.getContext(), 32), -1));
+            mlir::IntegerType::get(rewriter.getContext(), 32),
+            op->getAttr("level").cast<mlir::IntegerAttr>().getInt()));
     auto decompBaseLogOp = rewriter.create<mlir::ConstantOp>(
         op.getLoc(),
         mlir::IntegerAttr::get(
-            mlir::IntegerType::get(rewriter.getContext(), 32), -1));
+            mlir::IntegerType::get(rewriter.getContext(), 32),
+            op->getAttr("baseLog").cast<mlir::IntegerAttr>().getInt()));
     auto inputLweSizeOp = rewriter.create<mlir::ConstantOp>(
         op.getLoc(),
         mlir::IntegerAttr::get(
-            mlir::IntegerType::get(rewriter.getContext(), 32), -1));
+            mlir::IntegerType::get(rewriter.getContext(), 32),
+            op->getAttr("inputLweSize").cast<mlir::IntegerAttr>().getInt()));
     auto outputLweSizeOp = rewriter.create<mlir::ConstantOp>(
         op.getLoc(),
         mlir::IntegerAttr::get(
-            mlir::IntegerType::get(rewriter.getContext(), 32), -1));
+            mlir::IntegerType::get(rewriter.getContext(), 32),
+            op->getAttr("outputLweSize").cast<mlir::IntegerAttr>().getInt()));
     mlir::SmallVector<mlir::Value> allockskOperands{
         errOp, decompLevelCountOp, decompBaseLogOp, inputLweSizeOp,
         outputLweSizeOp};
@@ -608,11 +613,11 @@ struct LowLFHEKeySwitchLweOpPattern
             rewriter.getContext()),
         allockskOperands);
     // bootstrap
-    mlir::SmallVector<mlir::Value> bootstrapOperands{
+    mlir::SmallVector<mlir::Value> keyswitchOperands{
         errOp, allocateKskOp.getResult(0), allocateLweCtOp.getResult(0),
         op->getOperand(0)};
     rewriter.create<mlir::CallOp>(op.getLoc(), "keyswitch_lwe_u64",
-                                  mlir::TypeRange({}), bootstrapOperands);
+                                  mlir::TypeRange({}), keyswitchOperands);
 
     return mlir::success();
   };
diff --git a/compiler/tests/Conversion/LowLFHEToConcreteCAPI/bootstrap.mlir b/compiler/tests/Conversion/LowLFHEToConcreteCAPI/bootstrap.mlir
index 68031d175..70c923083 100644
--- a/compiler/tests/Conversion/LowLFHEToConcreteCAPI/bootstrap.mlir
+++ b/compiler/tests/Conversion/LowLFHEToConcreteCAPI/bootstrap.mlir
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ func @bootstrap_lwe(%arg0: !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>, %arg1: !LowLFHE.glwe
   // CHECK-NEXT: %[[V0:.*]] = memref.alloca() : memref<index>
   // CHECK-NEXT: %[[C0:.*]] = constant 1 : i32
   // CHECK-NEXT: %[[V1:.*]] = call @allocate_lwe_ciphertext_u64(%[[V0]], %[[C0]]) : (memref<index>, i32) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>
-  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[C1:.*]] = constant -1 : i32
-  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[C2:.*]] = constant -1 : i32
+  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[C1:.*]] = constant 3 : i32
+  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[C2:.*]] = constant 2 : i32
   // CHECK-NEXT: %[[C3:.*]] = constant -1 : i32
   // CHECK-NEXT: %[[C4:.*]] = constant 1024 : i32
   // CHECK-NEXT: %[[V2:.*]] = call @allocate_lwe_bootstrap_key_u64(%0, %[[C1]], %[[C2]], %[[C3]], %[[C0]], %[[C4]]) : (memref<index>, i32, i32, i32, i32, i32) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_bootstrap_key
   // CHECK-NEXT: call @bootstrap_lwe_u64(%[[V0]], %[[V2]], %[[V1]], %arg0, %arg1) : (memref<index>, !LowLFHE.lwe_bootstrap_key, !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>, !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>, !LowLFHE.glwe_ciphertext) -> ()
   // CHECK-NEXT: return %[[V1]] : !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>
-  %1 = "LowLFHE.bootstrap_lwe"(%arg0, %arg1) {baseLog = -1 : i32, k = 1 : i32, level = -1 : i32, polynomialSize = 1024 : i32} : (!LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>, !LowLFHE.glwe_ciphertext) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>
+  %1 = "LowLFHE.bootstrap_lwe"(%arg0, %arg1) {baseLog = 2 : i32, k = 1 : i32, level = 3 : i32, polynomialSize = 1024 : i32} : (!LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>, !LowLFHE.glwe_ciphertext) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>
   return %1: !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/compiler/tests/Conversion/LowLFHEToConcreteCAPI/keyswitch_lwe.mlir b/compiler/tests/Conversion/LowLFHEToConcreteCAPI/keyswitch_lwe.mlir
index f93d03c76..753ec67f6 100644
--- a/compiler/tests/Conversion/LowLFHEToConcreteCAPI/keyswitch_lwe.mlir
+++ b/compiler/tests/Conversion/LowLFHEToConcreteCAPI/keyswitch_lwe.mlir
@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@
 // CHECK-LABEL: func @keyswitch_lwe(%arg0: !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>
 func @keyswitch_lwe(%arg0: !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4> {
   // CHECK-NEXT: %[[V0:.*]] = memref.alloca() : memref<index>
-  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[C0:.*]] = constant -1 : i32
+  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[C0:.*]] = constant 1 : i32
   // CHECK-NEXT: %[[V1:.*]] = call @allocate_lwe_ciphertext_u64(%[[V0]], %[[C0]]) : (memref<index>, i32) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>
-  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[C1:.*]] = constant -1 : i32
-  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[C2:.*]] = constant -1 : i32
-  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[C3:.*]] = constant -1 : i32
-  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[C4:.*]] = constant -1 : i32
+  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[C1:.*]] = constant 3 : i32
+  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[C2:.*]] = constant 2 : i32
+  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[C3:.*]] = constant 1 : i32
+  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[C4:.*]] = constant 1 : i32
   // CHECK-NEXT: %[[V2:.*]] = call @allocate_lwe_keyswitch_key_u64(%0, %[[C1]], %[[C2]], %[[C3]], %[[C4]]) : (memref<index>, i32, i32, i32, i32) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_key_switch_key
   // CHECK-NEXT: call @keyswitch_lwe_u64(%[[V0]], %[[V2]], %[[V1]], %arg0) : (memref<index>, !LowLFHE.lwe_key_switch_key, !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>, !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>) -> ()
   // CHECK-NEXT: return %[[V1]] : !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>
-  %1 = "LowLFHE.keyswitch_lwe"(%arg0) : (!LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>
+  %1 = "LowLFHE.keyswitch_lwe"(%arg0) {baseLog = 2 : i32, inputLweSize = 1 : i32, level = 3 : i32, outputLweSize = 1 : i32} : (!LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>
   return %1: !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/compiler/tests/Conversion/MidLFHEToLowLFHE/apply_lookup_table.mlir b/compiler/tests/Conversion/MidLFHEToLowLFHE/apply_lookup_table.mlir
index 905098fa1..b222d8c1e 100644
--- a/compiler/tests/Conversion/MidLFHEToLowLFHE/apply_lookup_table.mlir
+++ b/compiler/tests/Conversion/MidLFHEToLowLFHE/apply_lookup_table.mlir
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 // CHECK-LABEL: func @apply_lookup_table(%arg0: !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>, %arg1: tensor<16xi4>) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>
 func @apply_lookup_table(%arg0: !MidLFHE.glwe<{1024,1,64}{4}>, %arg1: tensor<16xi4>) -> !MidLFHE.glwe<{1024,1,64}{4}> {
   // CHECK-NEXT: %[[V1:.*]] = "LowLFHE.glwe_from_table"(%arg1) {k = 1 : i32, polynomialSize = 1024 : i32} : (tensor<16xi4>) -> !LowLFHE.glwe_ciphertext
-  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[V2:.*]] = "LowLFHE.keyswitch_lwe"(%arg0) : (!LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>
-  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[V3:.*]] = "LowLFHE.bootstrap_lwe"(%1, %0) {baseLog = -1 : i32, k = 1 : i32, level = -1 : i32, polynomialSize = 1024 : i32} : (!LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>, !LowLFHE.glwe_ciphertext) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>
+  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[V2:.*]] = "LowLFHE.keyswitch_lwe"(%arg0) {baseLog = 2 : i32, inputLweSize = 1 : i32, level = 3 : i32, outputLweSize = 1 : i32} : (!LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>
+  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[V3:.*]] = "LowLFHE.bootstrap_lwe"(%1, %0) {baseLog = 4 : i32, k = 1 : i32, level = 5 : i32, polynomialSize = 1024 : i32} : (!LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>, !LowLFHE.glwe_ciphertext) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>
   // CHECK-NEXT: return %[[V3]] : !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<1024,4>
-  %1 = "MidLFHE.apply_lookup_table"(%arg0, %arg1){k=1:i32, polynomialSize=1024:i32, levelKS=-1:i32, baseLogKS=-1:i32, levelBS=-1:i32, baseLogBS=-1:i32}: (!MidLFHE.glwe<{1024,1,64}{4}>, tensor<16xi4>) -> (!MidLFHE.glwe<{1024,1,64}{4}>)
+  %1 = "MidLFHE.apply_lookup_table"(%arg0, %arg1){k=1:i32, polynomialSize=1024:i32, levelKS=3:i32, baseLogKS=2:i32, levelBS=5:i32, baseLogBS=4:i32}: (!MidLFHE.glwe<{1024,1,64}{4}>, tensor<16xi4>) -> (!MidLFHE.glwe<{1024,1,64}{4}>)
   return %1: !MidLFHE.glwe<{1024,1,64}{4}>
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/compiler/tests/Dialect/LowLFHE/ops.mlir b/compiler/tests/Dialect/LowLFHE/ops.mlir
index 1a82ecca7..be4315c9d 100644
--- a/compiler/tests/Dialect/LowLFHE/ops.mlir
+++ b/compiler/tests/Dialect/LowLFHE/ops.mlir
@@ -102,10 +102,10 @@ func @set_plaintext_list_element(%arg0: !LowLFHE.plaintext_list, %arg1: index, %
 
 // CHECK-LABEL: func @keyswitch_lwe(%arg0: !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<2048,7>) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<2048,7>
 func @keyswitch_lwe(%arg0: !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<2048,7>) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<2048,7> {
-  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[V1:.*]] = "LowLFHE.keyswitch_lwe"(%arg0) : (!LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<2048,7>) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<2048,7>
+  // CHECK-NEXT: %[[V1:.*]] = "LowLFHE.keyswitch_lwe"(%arg0) {baseLog = 2 : i32, inputLweSize = 1 : i32, level = 3 : i32, outputLweSize = 1 : i32} : (!LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<2048,7>) -> !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<2048,7>
   // CHECK-NEXT: return %[[V1]] : !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<2048,7>
 
-  %1 = "LowLFHE.keyswitch_lwe"(%arg0): (!LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<2048,7>) -> (!LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<2048,7>)
+  %1 = "LowLFHE.keyswitch_lwe"(%arg0){baseLog = 2 : i32, inputLweSize = 1 : i32, level = 3 : i32, outputLweSize = 1 : i32}: (!LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<2048,7>) -> (!LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<2048,7>)
   return %1: !LowLFHE.lwe_ciphertext<2048,7>
 }