diff --git a/specs/phase1/data-availability-sampling.md b/specs/phase1/data-availability-sampling.md
index 2ae5e697b..051106e94 100644
--- a/specs/phase1/data-availability-sampling.md
+++ b/specs/phase1/data-availability-sampling.md
@@ -32,8 +32,30 @@ class DASSample(Container):
 
 ## Helper functions
 
+### Data extension
+
+Implementations:
+- [Python](https://github.com/protolambda/partial_fft/blob/master/das_fft.py)
+- [Go](https://github.com/protolambda/go-kate/blob/master/das_extension.go)
+
+```python
+def das_fft_extension(data: Sequence[Point]) -> Sequence[Point]:
+    """Given some even-index values of an IFFT input, compute the odd-index inputs, such that the second output half is all zeroes."""
+    poly = inverse_fft(data)
+    return fft(poly + [0]*len(poly))[1::2]
+```
+
+### Data recovery
+
+See [Reed-Solomon erasure code recovery in n*log^2(n) time with FFTs](https://ethresear.ch/t/reed-solomon-erasure-code-recovery-in-n-log-2-n-time-with-ffts/3039) for theory.
+Implementations:
+- [Original Python](https://github.com/ethereum/research/blob/master/mimc_stark/recovery.py)
+- [New optimized approach in python](https://github.com/ethereum/research/tree/master/polynomial_reconstruction)
+- [Old approach in Go](https://github.com/protolambda/go-kate/blob/master/recovery.go)
+
 ```python
 def recover_data(data: Sequence[Optional[Point]]) -> Sequence[Point]:
+    """Given an a subset of half or more of the values (missing values are None), recover the None values."""
     ...
 ```
 
@@ -41,25 +63,61 @@ def recover_data(data: Sequence[Optional[Point]]) -> Sequence[Point]:
 
 ```python
 def extend_data(data: Sequence[Point]) -> Sequence[Point]:
-    ...
+    # To force adjacent data into the same proofs, reverse-bit-order the whole list.
+    evens = [data[reverse_bit_order(i, len(data))] for i in range(len(data))]
+    # last step of reverse-bit-order: mix in the extended data.
+    # When undoing the reverse bit order: 1st half matches original data, and 2nd half matches the extension.
+    odds = das_fft_extension(data)
+    return [evens[i//2] if i % 2 == 0 else odds[i//2] for i in range(len(data)*2)]
 ```
 
 ```python
 def unextend_data(extended_data: Sequence[Point]) -> Sequence[Point]:
+    return [extended_data[reverse_bit_order(i, len(extended_data))] for i in range(len(extended_data)//2)]
+```
+
+```python
+def check_multi_kate_proof(commitment: BLSCommitment, proof: BLSKateProof, x: Point, ys: Sequence[Point]) -> bool:
     ...
 ```
 
 ```python
-def sample_data(extended_data: Sequence[Point]) -> Sequence[DASSample]:
-    ...
+def construct_proofs(extended_data_as_poly: Sequence[Point]) -> Sequence[BLSKateProof]:
+    """Constructs proofs for samples of extended data (in polynomial form, 2nd half being zeroes)"""
+    ... # TODO Use FK20 multi-proof code to construct proofs for a chunk length of POINTS_PER_SAMPLE.
 ```
 
 ```python
-def verify_sample(sample: DASSample):
-    ...
+def sample_data(slot: Slot, shard: Shard, extended_data: Sequence[Point]) -> Sequence[DASSample]:
+    # TODO: padding of last sample (if not a multiple of POINTS_PER_SAMPLE)
+    sample_count = len(extended_data) // POINTS_PER_SAMPLE
+    assert sample_count <= MAX_SAMPLES_PER_BLOCK
+    proofs = construct_proofs(ifft(extended_data))
+    return [
+        DASSample(
+            slot=slot,
+            shard=shard,
+            index=i,
+            proof=proofs[reverse_bit_order(i, sample_count)],  # TODO: proof order depends on API of construct_proofs
+            data=reverse_bit_order_list(extended_data[i*POINTS_PER_SAMPLE:(i+1)*POINTS_PER_SAMPLE])  # TODO: can reorder here, or defer
+        ) for i in range(sample_count)
+    ]
 ```
 
 ```python
-def reconstruct_extended_data(samples: Sequence[DASSample]) -> Sequence[Point]:
-    ...
+def verify_sample(sample: DASSample, sample_count: uint64, commitment: BLSCommitment):
+    domain_pos = reverse_bit_order(sample.index, sample_count)
+    sample_root_of_unity = ROOT_OF_UNITY**MAX_SAMPLES_PER_BLOCK  # change point-level to sample-level domain
+    x = sample_root_of_unity**domain_pos
+    assert check_multi_kate_proof(commitment, sample.proof, x, sample.data)
+```
+
+```python
+def reconstruct_extended_data(samples: Sequence[Optional[DASSample]]) -> Sequence[Point]:
+    extended_data = [None] * (len(samples) * POINTS_PER_SAMPLE)
+    for sample in samples:
+        offset = sample.index * POINTS_PER_SAMPLE
+        for i, p in enumerate(sample.data):
+            extended_data[offset+i] = p
+    return recover_data(extended_data)
 ```