directus/api/src/services/authorization.ts

import database from '../database';
import {
	Accountability,
	AbstractServiceOptions,
	AST,
	NestedCollectionAST,
	FieldAST,
	Query,
	Permission,
	PermissionsAction,
	Item,
	PrimaryKey,
} from '../types';
import SchemaInspector from 'knex-schema-inspector';
import Knex from 'knex';
import { ForbiddenException, FailedValidationException } from '../exceptions';
import { uniq, merge, flatten } from 'lodash';
import generateJoi from '../utils/generate-joi';
import { ItemsService } from './items';
import { parseFilter } from '../utils/parse-filter';

export class AuthorizationService {
	knex: Knex;
	accountability: Accountability | null;

	constructor(options?: AbstractServiceOptions) {
		this.knex = options?.knex || database;
		this.accountability = options?.accountability || null;
	}

	async processAST(ast: AST, action: PermissionsAction = 'read'): Promise<AST> {
		const collectionsRequested = getCollectionsFromAST(ast);

		const permissionsForCollections = await this.knex
			.select<Permission[]>('*')
			.from('directus_permissions')
			.where({ action, role: this.accountability?.role })
			.whereIn(
				'collection',
				collectionsRequested.map(({ collection }) => collection)
			);

		// If the permissions don't match the collections, you don't have permission to read all of them
		const uniqueCollectionsRequestedCount = uniq(
			collectionsRequested.map(({ collection }) => collection)
		).length;

		if (uniqueCollectionsRequestedCount !== permissionsForCollections.length) {
			// Find the first collection that doesn't have permissions configured
			const { collection, field } = collectionsRequested.find(
				({ collection }) =>
					permissionsForCollections.find(
						(permission) => permission.collection === collection
					) === undefined
			)!;

			if (field) {
				throw new ForbiddenException(
					`You don't have permission to access the "${field}" field.`
				);
			} else {
				throw new ForbiddenException(
					`You don't have permission to access the "${collection}" collection.`
				);
			}
		}

		validateFields(ast);
		applyFilters(ast, this.accountability);

		return ast;

		/**
		 * Traverses the AST and returns an array of all collections that are being fetched
		 */
		function getCollectionsFromAST(
			ast: AST | NestedCollectionAST
		): { collection: string; field: string }[] {
			const collections = [];

			if (ast.type === 'collection') {
				collections.push({
					collection: ast.name,
					field: (ast as NestedCollectionAST).fieldKey
						? (ast as NestedCollectionAST).fieldKey
						: null,
				});
			}

			for (const subAST of ast.children) {
				if (subAST.type === 'collection') {
					collections.push(...getCollectionsFromAST(subAST));
				}
			}

			return collections as { collection: string; field: string }[];
		}

		function validateFields(ast: AST | NestedCollectionAST) {
			if (ast.type === 'collection') {
				const collection = ast.name;

				// We check the availability of the permissions in the step before this is run
				const permissions = permissionsForCollections.find(
					(permission) => permission.collection === collection
				)!;

				const allowedFields = permissions.fields?.split(',') || [];

				for (const childAST of ast.children) {
					if (childAST.type === 'collection') {
						validateFields(childAST);
						continue;
					}

					if (allowedFields.includes('*')) continue;

					const fieldKey = childAST.name;

					if (allowedFields.includes(fieldKey) === false) {
						throw new ForbiddenException(
							`You don't have permission to access the "${fieldKey}" field.`
						);
					}
				}
			}
		}

		function applyFilters(
			ast: AST | NestedCollectionAST | FieldAST,
			accountability: Accountability | null
		): AST | NestedCollectionAST | FieldAST {
			if (ast.type === 'collection') {
				const collection = ast.name;

				// We check the availability of the permissions in the step before this is run
				const permissions = permissionsForCollections.find(
					(permission) => permission.collection === collection
				)!;

				const parsedPermissions = parseFilter(permissions.permissions, accountability);

				if (!ast.query.filter || Object.keys(ast.query.filter).length === 0) {
					ast.query.filter = { _and: [] };
				} else {
					ast.query.filter = { _and: [ast.query.filter] };
				}

				if (parsedPermissions && Object.keys(parsedPermissions).length > 0) {
					ast.query.filter._and.push(parsedPermissions);
				}

				if (ast.query.filter._and.length === 0) delete ast.query.filter._and;

				if (permissions.limit && ast.query.limit && ast.query.limit > permissions.limit) {
					throw new ForbiddenException(
						`You can't read more than ${permissions.limit} items at a time.`
					);
				}

				// Default to the permissions limit if limit hasn't been set
				if (permissions.limit && !ast.query.limit) {
					ast.query.limit = permissions.limit;
				}

				ast.children = ast.children.map((child) => applyFilters(child, accountability)) as (
					| NestedCollectionAST
					| FieldAST
				)[];
			}

			return ast;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if the provided payload matches the configured permissions, and adds the presets to the payload.
	 */
	validatePayload(
		action: PermissionsAction,
		collection: string,
		payloads: Partial<Item>[]
	): Promise<Partial<Item>[]>;
	validatePayload(
		action: PermissionsAction,
		collection: string,
		payload: Partial<Item>
	): Promise<Partial<Item>>;
	async validatePayload(
		action: PermissionsAction,
		collection: string,
		payload: Partial<Item>[] | Partial<Item>
	): Promise<Partial<Item>[] | Partial<Item>> {
		const validationErrors: FailedValidationException[] = [];

		let payloads = Array.isArray(payload) ? payload : [payload];

		let permission: Permission | undefined;

		if (this.accountability?.admin === true) {
			permission = { id: 0, role: this.accountability?.role, collection, action, permissions: {}, validation: {}, limit: null, fields: '*', presets: {}, }
		} else {
			permission = await this.knex
				.select<Permission>('*')
				.from('directus_permissions')
				.where({ action, collection, role: this.accountability?.role || null })
				.first();

			// Check if you have permission to access the fields you're trying to acces

			if (!permission) throw new ForbiddenException();

			const allowedFields = permission.fields?.split(',') || [];

			if (allowedFields.includes('*') === false) {
				for (const payload of payloads) {
					const keysInData = Object.keys(payload);
					const invalidKeys = keysInData.filter(
						(fieldKey) => allowedFields.includes(fieldKey) === false
					);

					if (invalidKeys.length > 0) {
						throw new ForbiddenException(
							`You're not allowed to ${action} field "${invalidKeys[0]}" in collection "${collection}".`
						);
					}
				}
			}
		}

		const preset = permission.presets || {};

		payloads = payloads.map((payload) => merge({}, preset, payload));

		const schemaInspector = SchemaInspector(this.knex);
		const columns = await schemaInspector.columnInfo(collection);

		let requiredColumns: string[] = [];

		for (const column of columns) {
			const field = await this.knex.select<{ special: string }>('special').from('directus_fields').where({ collection, field: column.name }).first();
			const specials = (field?.special || '').split(',');
			const hasGenerateSpecial = ['uuid', 'date-created', 'role-created', 'user-created'].some((name) => specials.includes(name));
			const isRequired = column.is_nullable === false && column.has_auto_increment === false && column.default_value === null && hasGenerateSpecial === false;

			if (isRequired) {
				requiredColumns.push(column.name);
			}
		}

		if (requiredColumns.length > 0) {
			permission.validation = {
				_and: [
					permission.validation,
					{}
				]
			}

			if (action === 'create') {
				for (const name of requiredColumns) {
					permission.validation._and[1][name] = {
						_required: true
					}
				}
			} else {
				for (const name of requiredColumns) {
					permission.validation._and[1][name] = {
						_nnull: true
					}
				}
			}
		}

		validationErrors.push(...this.validateJoi(permission.validation, payloads));

		if (validationErrors.length > 0) throw validationErrors;

		if (Array.isArray(payload)) {
			return payloads;
		} else {
			return payloads[0];
		}
	}

	validateJoi(validation: Record<string, any>, payloads: Partial<Record<string, any>>[]): FailedValidationException[] {
		const errors: FailedValidationException[] = [];

		/**
		 * Note there can only be a single _and / _or per level
		 */

		if (Object.keys(validation)[0] === '_and') {
			const subValidation = Object.values(validation)[0];
			const nestedErrors = flatten<FailedValidationException>(subValidation.map((subObj: Record<string, any>) => this.validateJoi(subObj, payloads))).filter((err?: FailedValidationException) => err);
			errors.push(...nestedErrors);
		}

		if (Object.keys(validation)[0] === '_or') {
			const subValidation = Object.values(validation)[0];
			const nestedErrors = flatten<FailedValidationException>(subValidation.map((subObj: Record<string, any>) => this.validateJoi(subObj, payloads)));
			const allErrored = nestedErrors.every((err?: FailedValidationException) => err);

			if (allErrored) {
				errors.push(...nestedErrors);
			}
		}

		const schema = generateJoi(validation);

		for (const payload of payloads) {
			const { error } = schema.validate(payload, { abortEarly: false });

			if (error) {
				errors.push(...error.details.map((details) => new FailedValidationException(details)));
			}
		}

		return errors;
	}

	async checkAccess(
		action: PermissionsAction,
		collection: string,
		pk: PrimaryKey | PrimaryKey[]
	) {
		if (this.accountability?.admin === true) return;

		const itemsService = new ItemsService(collection, { accountability: this.accountability });

		try {
			const query: Query = {
				fields: ['*'],
			};

			const result = await itemsService.readByKey(pk as any, query, action);

			if (!result) throw '';
			if (Array.isArray(pk) && result.length !== pk.length) throw '';
		} catch {
			throw new ForbiddenException(
				`You're not allowed to ${action} item "${pk}" in collection "${collection}".`,
				{
					collection,
					item: pk,
					action,
				}
			);
		}
	}
}