chore: bump node to v22.17.1 (main) (#47776)

* chore: bump node in DEPS to v22.17.1

* chore: update patches

---------

Co-authored-by: electron-roller[bot] <84116207+electron-roller[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: patchup[bot] <73610968+patchup[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

patches/node/build_compile_with_c_20_support.patch

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ V8 requires C++20 support as of https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8
 This can be removed when Electron upgrades to a version of Node.js containing the required V8 version.
 
 diff --git a/common.gypi b/common.gypi
-index 03fefab4b0a9727925411b95310831ffdc33e8d9..f9b5e47f1d67807435529c99d12f419d0fd4269f 100644
+index acfc02510ee1ce34a3f410a7a4ce53adb42abd35..b9264bfb1170928431848bb2b99e4f0dfbe8f95a 100644
 --- a/common.gypi
 +++ b/common.gypi
 @@ -538,7 +538,7 @@

patches/node/build_ensure_native_module_compilation_fails_if_not_using_a_new.patch

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Subject: build: ensure native module compilation fails if not using a new
 This should not be upstreamed, it is a quality-of-life patch for downstream module builders.
 
 diff --git a/common.gypi b/common.gypi
-index bfe567e016cf102d2087f7647e64cc051116ab8d..03fefab4b0a9727925411b95310831ffdc33e8d9 100644
+index cf643bcd0bc9080b80bf12afeebc69f2db74bb54..acfc02510ee1ce34a3f410a7a4ce53adb42abd35 100644
 --- a/common.gypi
 +++ b/common.gypi
 @@ -89,6 +89,8 @@

patches/node/build_restore_clang_as_default_compiler_on_macos.patch

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ node-gyp will use the result of `process.config` that reflects the environment
 in which the binary got built.
 
 diff --git a/common.gypi b/common.gypi
-index f9b5e47f1d67807435529c99d12f419d0fd4269f..c99f583d3674347dd6eb9a5eea1ed5588e376d31 100644
+index b9264bfb1170928431848bb2b99e4f0dfbe8f95a..836d96a1bd9c1d5568f0045bbddddca1edb1a0ce 100644
 --- a/common.gypi
 +++ b/common.gypi
 @@ -128,6 +128,7 @@

patches/node/fix_add_default_values_for_variables_in_common_gypi.patch

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ common.gypi is a file that's included in the node header bundle, despite
 the fact that we do not build node with gyp.
 
 diff --git a/common.gypi b/common.gypi
-index a73d4401f26d8493802d3ecec3e015a77717720a..bfe567e016cf102d2087f7647e64cc051116ab8d 100644
+index b88371ec13da5a287e18f7224bb4970fc94dce66..cf643bcd0bc9080b80bf12afeebc69f2db74bb54 100644
 --- a/common.gypi
 +++ b/common.gypi
 @@ -91,6 +91,23 @@