diff --git a/packages/foam-vscode/src/core/model/workspace.test.ts b/packages/foam-vscode/src/core/model/workspace.test.ts
index 852112da..86b3a8c6 100644
--- a/packages/foam-vscode/src/core/model/workspace.test.ts
+++ b/packages/foam-vscode/src/core/model/workspace.test.ts
@@ -183,4 +183,41 @@ describe('Identifier computation', () => {
       workspace.getIdentifier(noteABis.uri, [noteB.uri, noteA.uri])
     ).toEqual('note-a');
   });
+
+  it('should handle case-sensitive filenames correctly (#1303)', () => {
+    const workspace = new FoamWorkspace('.md');
+    const noteUppercase = createTestNote({ uri: '/a/Note.md' });
+    const noteLowercase = createTestNote({ uri: '/b/note.md' });
+
+    workspace.set(noteUppercase).set(noteLowercase);
+
+    // Should find exact case matches
+    expect(workspace.listByIdentifier('Note').length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(workspace.listByIdentifier('Note')[0].uri.path).toEqual(
+      '/a/Note.md'
+    );
+
+    expect(workspace.listByIdentifier('note').length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(workspace.listByIdentifier('note')[0].uri.path).toEqual(
+      '/b/note.md'
+    );
+
+    // Should not treat them as the same identifier
+    expect(workspace.listByIdentifier('Note')[0]).not.toEqual(
+      workspace.listByIdentifier('note')[0]
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should generate correct identifiers for case-sensitive files', () => {
+    const workspace = new FoamWorkspace('.md');
+    const noteUppercase = createTestNote({ uri: '/a/Note.md' });
+    const noteLowercase = createTestNote({ uri: '/b/note.md' });
+
+    workspace.set(noteUppercase).set(noteLowercase);
+
+    // Each should have a unique identifier without directory disambiguation
+    // since they differ by case, they are not considered conflicting
+    expect(workspace.getIdentifier(noteUppercase.uri)).toEqual('Note');
+    expect(workspace.getIdentifier(noteLowercase.uri)).toEqual('note');
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/foam-vscode/src/core/model/workspace.ts b/packages/foam-vscode/src/core/model/workspace.ts
index 49f84549..283a2eb9 100644
--- a/packages/foam-vscode/src/core/model/workspace.ts
+++ b/packages/foam-vscode/src/core/model/workspace.ts
@@ -89,13 +89,12 @@ export class FoamWorkspace implements IDisposable {
 
   public listByIdentifier(identifier: string): Resource[] {
     let needle = this.getTrieIdentifier(identifier);
-
     const mdNeedle =
       getExtension(normalize(identifier)) !== this.defaultExtension
         ? this.getTrieIdentifier(identifier + this.defaultExtension)
         : undefined;
 
-    const resources: Resource[] = [];
+    let resources: Resource[] = [];
 
     this._resources.find(needle).forEach(elm => resources.push(elm[1]));
 
@@ -103,6 +102,15 @@ export class FoamWorkspace implements IDisposable {
       this._resources.find(mdNeedle).forEach(elm => resources.push(elm[1]));
     }
 
+    // if multiple resources found, try to filter exact case matches
+    if (resources.length > 1) {
+      resources = resources.filter(
+        r =>
+          r.uri.getBasename() === identifier ||
+          r.uri.getBasename() === identifier + this.defaultExtension
+      );
+    }
+
     return resources.sort(Resource.sortByPath);
   }
 
@@ -115,7 +123,7 @@ export class FoamWorkspace implements IDisposable {
     const amongst = [];
     const basename = forResource.getBasename();
 
-    this.listByIdentifier(basename).map(res => {
+    this.listByIdentifier(basename).forEach(res => {
       // skip self
       if (res.uri.isEqual(forResource)) {
         return;