---
title: browser-policy
description: Documentation of Meteor's `browser-policy` package.
---

The `browser-policy` family of packages, part of
[Webapp](https://github.com/meteor/meteor/tree/master/packages/webapp), lets you
set security-related policies that will be enforced by newer browsers. These 
policies help you prevent and mitigate common attacks like cross-site scripting 
and clickjacking.

## Details

When you add `browser-policy` to your app, you get default configurations for
the HTTP headers X-Frame-Options and Content-Security-Policy. X-Frame-Options
tells the browser which websites are allowed to frame your app. You should only
let trusted websites frame your app, because malicious sites could harm your
users with [clickjacking attacks](https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Clickjacking).
[Content-Security-Policy](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Security/CSP/Introducing_Content_Security_Policy)
tells the browser where your app can load content from, which encourages safe
practices and mitigates the damage of a cross-site-scripting attack.
`browser-policy` also provides functions for you to configure these policies if
the defaults are not suitable.

If you only want to use Content-Security-Policy or X-Frame-Options but not both,
you can add the individual packages `browser-policy-content` or
`browser-policy-framing` instead of `browser-policy`.

For most apps, we recommend that you take the following steps:

* Add `browser-policy` to your app to enable a starter policy. With this starter
policy, your app's client code will be able to load content (images, scripts,
fonts, etc.) only from its own origin, except that XMLHttpRequests and WebSocket
connections can go to any origin. Further, your app's client code will not be
able to use functions such as `eval()` that convert strings to code. Users'
browsers will only let your app be framed by web pages on the same origin as
your app.
* You can use the functions described below to customize the policies. If your
app does not need any inline Javascript such as inline `<script>` tags, we
recommend that you modify the policy by calling
`BrowserPolicy.content.disallowInlineScripts()` in server code. This will result
in one extra round trip when your app is loaded, but will help prevent
cross-site scripting attacks by disabling all scripts except those loaded from a
`script src` attribute.

Meteor determines the browser policy when the server starts up, so you should
call `BrowserPolicy` functions on the server in top-level application code or in
`Meteor.startup`. `BrowserPolicy` functions cannot be used in client code.

## Usage

### Frame options

By default, if you add `browser-policy` or `browser-policy-framing`, only web 
pages on the same origin as your app are allowed to frame your app. You can use
the following functions to modify this policy.

<dl>

<dt><code>BrowserPolicy.framing.disallow()</code><dt>
<dd>Your app will never render inside a frame or iframe.</dd>

<dt><code>BrowserPolicy.framing.restrictToOrigin(origin)</code></dt>
<dd>
Your app will only render inside frames loaded by
<code>origin</code>. You can only call this function once with a
single origin, and cannot use wildcards or specify multiple origins
that are allowed to frame your app. (This is a limitation of the
X-Frame-Options header.) Example values of <code>origin</code> include
"http://example.com" and "https://foo.example.com". <b>This value of
the X-Frame-Options header is not yet supported in Chrome or Safari
and will be ignored in those browsers. If you need Chrome and/or Safari
support, or need to allow multiple domains to frame your application,
you can use the frame-ancestors CSP option via the
BrowserPolicy.content.allowFrameAncestorsOrigin() function </b>
</dd>


<dt><code>BrowserPolicy.framing.allowAll()</code><dt>
<dd>
This unsets the X-Frame-Options header, so that your app can be framed by
any webpage.
</dd>
</dl>

### Content options

You can use the functions in this section to control how different types of
content can be loaded on your site.

You can use the following functions to adjust policies on where Javascript and
CSS can be run:

<dl>

<dt><code>BrowserPolicy.content.allowInlineScripts()</code></dt>
<dd>
Allows inline <code>&lt;script&gt;</code> tags,
<code>javascript:</code> URLs, and inline event handlers.  The default
policy already allows inline scripts.
</dd>

<dt><code>BrowserPolicy.content.disallowInlineScripts()</code></dt>
<dd>
Disallows inline Javascript. Calling this function results in an extra
round-trip on page load to retrieve Meteor runtime configuration that
is usually part of an inline script tag.
</dd>

<dt><code>BrowserPolicy.content.allowEval()</code></dt>
<dd>
Allows the creation of Javascript code from strings using function such as <code>eval()</code>.
</dd>

<dt><code>BrowserPolicy.content.disallowEval()</code></dt>
<dd>
Disallows eval and related functions. Note: The default policy disallows eval, 
though for almost all Meteor apps it is enabled by the `dynamic-imports` package
</dd>

<dt><code>BrowserPolicy.content.allowInlineStyles()</code></dt>
<dd>
Allows inline style tags and style attributes. The default policy already allows
inline styles.
</dd>

<dt><code>BrowserPolicy.content.disallowInlineStyles()</code></dt>
<dd>
Disallows inline CSS.
</dd>

</dl>

Finally, you can configure a whitelist of allowed requests that various types of
content can make. The following functions are defined for the content types
script, object, image, media, font, frame, frame-ancestors, style, and connect.

<dl>

<dt><code>BrowserPolicy.content.allow&lt;ContentType&gt;Origin(origin)</code></dt>
<dd>
Allows this type of content to be loaded from the given
origin. <code>origin</code> is a string and can include an optional
scheme (such as <code>http</code> or <code>https</code>), an optional
wildcard at the beginning, and an optional port which can be a
wildcard. Examples include <code>example.com</code>,
<code>https://*.example.com</code>, and
<code>example.com:*</code>. You can call these functions multiple
times with different origins to specify a whitelist of allowed
origins. Origins that don't specify a protocol will allow content over
both HTTP and HTTPS: passing <code>example.com</code> will allow
content from both <code>http://example.com</code> and
<code>https://example.com</code>.
<dd>

<dt><code>BrowserPolicy.content.allow&lt;ContentType&gt;DataUrl()</code></dt>
<dd>
Allows this type of content to be loaded from a <code>data:</code> URL.
</dd>

<dt><code>BrowserPolicy.content.allow&lt;ContentType&gt;SameOrigin()</code></dt>
<dd>
Allows this type of content to be loaded from the same origin as your app.
</dd>

<dt><code>BrowserPolicy.content.disallow&lt;ContentType&gt;()</code></dt>
<dd>
Disallows this type of content on your app.
</dd>

</dl>

You can also set policies for all these types of content at once, using these
functions:

* `BrowserPolicy.content.allowSameOriginForAll()`,
* `BrowserPolicy.content.allowDataUrlForAll()`,
* `BrowserPolicy.content.allowOriginForAll(origin)`
* `BrowserPolicy.content.disallowAll()`

For example, if you want to allow the
origin `https://foo.com` for all types of content but you want to disable
`<object>` tags, you can call
`BrowserPolicy.content.allowOriginForAll("https://foo.com")` followed by
`BrowserPolicy.content.disallowObject()`.

Other examples of using the `BrowserPolicy.content` API:

* `BrowserPolicy.content.disallowFont()` causes the browser to disallow all
`<font>` tags.
* `BrowserPolicy.content.allowImageOrigin("https://example.com")`
allows images to have their `src` attributes point to images served from
`https://example.com`.
* `BrowserPolicy.content.allowConnectOrigin("https://example.com")` allows XMLHttpRequest
and WebSocket connections to `https://example.com`.
* `BrowserPolicy.content.allowFrameOrigin("https://example.com")` allows
your site to load the origin `https://example.com` in a frame or
iframe. The `BrowserPolicy.framing` API allows you to control which
sites can frame your site, while
`BrowserPolicy.content.allowFrameOrigin` allows you to control which
sites can be loaded inside frames on your site.

Adding `browser-policy-content` to your app also tells certain
browsers to avoid sniffing content types away from the declared type
(for example, interpreting a text file as JavaScript), using the
[X-Content-Type-Options](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/gg622941%28v=vs.85%29.aspx)
header. To re-enable content sniffing, you can call
`BrowserPolicy.content.allowContentTypeSniffing()`.
