diff --git a/src/agents/bash-tools.exec.ts b/src/agents/bash-tools.exec.ts
index 364567ae87..1c6ea56a50 100644
--- a/src/agents/bash-tools.exec.ts
+++ b/src/agents/bash-tools.exec.ts
@@ -992,7 +992,7 @@ export function createExecTool(
         let allowlistSatisfied = false;
         if (hostAsk === "on-miss" && hostSecurity === "allowlist" && analysisOk) {
           try {
-            const approvalsSnapshot = await callGatewayTool(
+            const approvalsSnapshot = await callGatewayTool<{ file: string }>(
               "exec.approvals.node.get",
               { timeoutMs: 10_000 },
               { nodeId },
@@ -1067,7 +1067,7 @@ export function createExecTool(
           void (async () => {
             let decision: string | null = null;
             try {
-              const decisionResult = await callGatewayTool(
+              const decisionResult = await callGatewayTool<{ decision: string }>(
                 "exec.approval.request",
                 { timeoutMs: DEFAULT_APPROVAL_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS },
                 {
@@ -1177,11 +1177,15 @@ export function createExecTool(
         }
 
         const startedAt = Date.now();
-        const raw = await callGatewayTool(
-          "node.invoke",
-          { timeoutMs: invokeTimeoutMs },
-          buildInvokeParams(false, null),
-        );
+        const raw = await callGatewayTool<{
+          payload: {
+            exitCode: number;
+            success?: string;
+            stdout?: string;
+            stderr?: string;
+            error?: string;
+          };
+        }>("node.invoke", { timeoutMs: invokeTimeoutMs }, buildInvokeParams(false, null));
         const payload = raw?.payload ?? {};
         return {
           content: [
@@ -1241,7 +1245,7 @@ export function createExecTool(
           void (async () => {
             let decision: string | null = null;
             try {
-              const decisionResult = await callGatewayTool(
+              const decisionResult = await callGatewayTool<{ decision: string }>(
                 "exec.approval.request",
                 { timeoutMs: DEFAULT_APPROVAL_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS },
                 {
diff --git a/src/agents/skills.ts b/src/agents/skills.ts
index 11a2caa90f..e067f24eaa 100644
--- a/src/agents/skills.ts
+++ b/src/agents/skills.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/config.js";
+import { SkillsInstallPreferences } from "./skills/types.js";
 
 export {
   hasBinary,
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ export {
   syncSkillsToWorkspace,
 } from "./skills/workspace.js";
 
-export function resolveSkillsInstallPreferences(config?: OpenClawConfig) {
+export function resolveSkillsInstallPreferences(config?: OpenClawConfig): SkillsInstallPreferences {
   const raw = config?.skills?.install;
   const preferBrew = raw?.preferBrew ?? true;
   const managerRaw = typeof raw?.nodeManager === "string" ? raw.nodeManager.trim() : "";
diff --git a/src/agents/tools/browser-tool.ts b/src/agents/tools/browser-tool.ts
index 293aedcaf4..e63d90576c 100644
--- a/src/agents/tools/browser-tool.ts
+++ b/src/agents/tools/browser-tool.ts
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ async function callBrowserProxy(params: {
     typeof params.timeoutMs === "number" && Number.isFinite(params.timeoutMs)
       ? Math.max(1, Math.floor(params.timeoutMs))
       : DEFAULT_BROWSER_PROXY_TIMEOUT_MS;
-  const payload = await callGatewayTool(
+  const payload = await callGatewayTool<{ payloadJSON?: string; payload?: string }>(
     "node.invoke",
     { timeoutMs: gatewayTimeoutMs },
     {
diff --git a/src/agents/tools/cron-tool.ts b/src/agents/tools/cron-tool.ts
index a22f53d8c7..1c6bbc1630 100644
--- a/src/agents/tools/cron-tool.ts
+++ b/src/agents/tools/cron-tool.ts
@@ -119,10 +119,14 @@ async function buildReminderContextLines(params: {
   const { mainKey, alias } = resolveMainSessionAlias(cfg);
   const resolvedKey = resolveInternalSessionKey({ key: sessionKey, alias, mainKey });
   try {
-    const res = await callGatewayTool("chat.history", params.gatewayOpts, {
-      sessionKey: resolvedKey,
-      limit: maxMessages,
-    });
+    const res = await callGatewayTool<{ messages: Array<unknown> }>(
+      "chat.history",
+      params.gatewayOpts,
+      {
+        sessionKey: resolvedKey,
+        limit: maxMessages,
+      },
+    );
     const messages = Array.isArray(res?.messages) ? res.messages : [];
     const parsed = messages
       .map((msg) => extractMessageText(msg as ChatMessage))
diff --git a/src/agents/tools/nodes-tool.ts b/src/agents/tools/nodes-tool.ts
index d3379c2f59..7d6b7aeacd 100644
--- a/src/agents/tools/nodes-tool.ts
+++ b/src/agents/tools/nodes-tool.ts
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ export function createNodesTool(options?: {
             const details: Array<Record<string, unknown>> = [];
 
             for (const facing of facings) {
-              const raw = await callGatewayTool("node.invoke", gatewayOpts, {
+              const raw = await callGatewayTool<{ payload: unknown }>("node.invoke", gatewayOpts, {
                 nodeId,
                 command: "camera.snap",
                 params: {
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ export function createNodesTool(options?: {
           case "camera_list": {
             const node = readStringParam(params, "node", { required: true });
             const nodeId = await resolveNodeId(gatewayOpts, node);
-            const raw = await callGatewayTool("node.invoke", gatewayOpts, {
+            const raw = await callGatewayTool<{ payload: unknown }>("node.invoke", gatewayOpts, {
               nodeId,
               command: "camera.list",
               params: {},
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ export function createNodesTool(options?: {
               typeof params.deviceId === "string" && params.deviceId.trim()
                 ? params.deviceId.trim()
                 : undefined;
-            const raw = await callGatewayTool("node.invoke", gatewayOpts, {
+            const raw = await callGatewayTool<{ payload: unknown }>("node.invoke", gatewayOpts, {
               nodeId,
               command: "camera.clip",
               params: {
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ export function createNodesTool(options?: {
                 : 0;
             const includeAudio =
               typeof params.includeAudio === "boolean" ? params.includeAudio : true;
-            const raw = await callGatewayTool("node.invoke", gatewayOpts, {
+            const raw = await callGatewayTool<{ payload: unknown }>("node.invoke", gatewayOpts, {
               nodeId,
               command: "screen.record",
               params: {
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ export function createNodesTool(options?: {
               Number.isFinite(params.locationTimeoutMs)
                 ? params.locationTimeoutMs
                 : undefined;
-            const raw = await callGatewayTool("node.invoke", gatewayOpts, {
+            const raw = await callGatewayTool<{ payload: unknown }>("node.invoke", gatewayOpts, {
               nodeId,
               command: "location.get",
               params: {
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ export function createNodesTool(options?: {
               typeof params.needsScreenRecording === "boolean"
                 ? params.needsScreenRecording
                 : undefined;
-            const raw = await callGatewayTool("node.invoke", gatewayOpts, {
+            const raw = await callGatewayTool<{ payload: unknown }>("node.invoke", gatewayOpts, {
               nodeId,
               command: "system.run",
               params: {