From 74fbbda2833edddb451d13bbd336e88729a6d260 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: theonejvo <theonejvo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Feb 2026 21:38:42 +1100
Subject: [PATCH] docs: add security & trust documentation

Add threat model (MITRE ATLAS), contribution guide, and security
directory README. Update SECURITY.md with trust page reporting
instructions and Jamieson O'Reilly as Security & Trust.

Co-Authored-By: theonejvo <theonejvo@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 SECURITY.md                                |   9 +-
 docs/security/CONTRIBUTING-THREAT-MODEL.md |  90 ++++
 docs/security/README.md                    |  17 +
 docs/security/THREAT-MODEL-ATLAS.md        | 597 +++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 711 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/security/CONTRIBUTING-THREAT-MODEL.md
 create mode 100644 docs/security/README.md
 create mode 100644 docs/security/THREAT-MODEL-ATLAS.md

diff --git a/SECURITY.md b/SECURITY.md
index 92f9d0fa4e..ec0ff9f30c 100644
--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@@ -4,8 +4,13 @@ If you believe you've found a security issue in OpenClaw, please report it priva
 
 ## Reporting
 
-- Email: `steipete@gmail.com`
-- What to include: reproduction steps, impact assessment, and (if possible) a minimal PoC.
+For full reporting instructions - including which repo to report to and how - see our [Trust page](https://trust.openclaw.ai).
+
+Include: reproduction steps, impact assessment, and (if possible) a minimal PoC.
+
+## Security & Trust
+
+**Jamieson O'Reilly** ([@theonejvo](https://twitter.com/theonejvo)) is Security & Trust at OpenClaw. Jamieson is the founder of [Dvuln](https://dvuln.com) and brings extensive experience in offensive security, penetration testing, and security program development.
 
 ## Bug Bounties
 
diff --git a/docs/security/CONTRIBUTING-THREAT-MODEL.md b/docs/security/CONTRIBUTING-THREAT-MODEL.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65aebd8125
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/security/CONTRIBUTING-THREAT-MODEL.md
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# Contributing to the OpenClaw Threat Model
+
+Thanks for helping make OpenClaw more secure. This threat model is a living document and we welcome contributions from anyone  - you don't need to be a security expert.
+
+## Ways to Contribute
+
+### Add a Threat
+
+Spotted an attack vector or risk we haven't covered? Open an issue on [openclaw/trust](https://github.com/openclaw/trust/issues) and describe it in your own words. You don't need to know any frameworks or fill in every field  - just describe the scenario.
+
+**Helpful to include (but not required):**
+
+- The attack scenario and how it could be exploited
+- Which parts of OpenClaw are affected (CLI, gateway, channels, ClawHub, MCP servers, etc.)
+- How severe you think it is (low / medium / high / critical)
+- Any links to related research, CVEs, or real-world examples
+
+We'll handle the ATLAS mapping, threat IDs, and risk assessment during review. If you want to include those details, great  - but it's not expected.
+
+> **This is for adding to the threat model, not reporting live vulnerabilities.** If you've found an exploitable vulnerability, see our [Trust page](https://trust.openclaw.ai) for responsible disclosure instructions.
+
+### Suggest a Mitigation
+
+Have an idea for how to address an existing threat? Open an issue or PR referencing the threat. Useful mitigations are specific and actionable  - for example, "per-sender rate limiting of 10 messages/minute at the gateway" is better than "implement rate limiting."
+
+### Propose an Attack Chain
+
+Attack chains show how multiple threats combine into a realistic attack scenario. If you see a dangerous combination, describe the steps and how an attacker would chain them together. A short narrative of how the attack unfolds in practice is more valuable than a formal template.
+
+### Fix or Improve Existing Content
+
+Typos, clarifications, outdated info, better examples  - PRs welcome, no issue needed.
+
+## What We Use
+
+### MITRE ATLAS
+
+This threat model is built on [MITRE ATLAS](https://atlas.mitre.org/) (Adversarial Threat Landscape for AI Systems), a framework designed specifically for AI/ML threats like prompt injection, tool misuse, and agent exploitation. You don't need to know ATLAS to contribute  - we map submissions to the framework during review.
+
+### Threat IDs
+
+Each threat gets an ID like `T-EXEC-003`. The categories are:
+
+| Code | Category |
+|------|----------|
+| RECON | Reconnaissance  - information gathering |
+| ACCESS | Initial access  - gaining entry |
+| EXEC | Execution  - running malicious actions |
+| PERSIST | Persistence  - maintaining access |
+| EVADE | Defense evasion  - avoiding detection |
+| DISC | Discovery  - learning about the environment |
+| EXFIL | Exfiltration  - stealing data |
+| IMPACT | Impact  - damage or disruption |
+
+IDs are assigned by maintainers during review. You don't need to pick one.
+
+### Risk Levels
+
+| Level | Meaning |
+|-------|---------|
+| **Critical** | Full system compromise, or high likelihood + critical impact |
+| **High** | Significant damage likely, or medium likelihood + critical impact |
+| **Medium** | Moderate risk, or low likelihood + high impact |
+| **Low** | Unlikely and limited impact |
+
+If you're unsure about the risk level, just describe the impact and we'll assess it.
+
+## Review Process
+
+1. **Triage**  - We review new submissions within 48 hours
+2. **Assessment**  - We verify feasibility, assign ATLAS mapping and threat ID, validate risk level
+3. **Documentation**  - We ensure everything is formatted and complete
+4. **Merge**  - Added to the threat model and visualization
+
+## Resources
+
+- [ATLAS Website](https://atlas.mitre.org/)
+- [ATLAS Techniques](https://atlas.mitre.org/techniques/)
+- [ATLAS Case Studies](https://atlas.mitre.org/studies/)
+- [OpenClaw Threat Model](./THREAT-MODEL-ATLAS.md)
+
+## Contact
+
+- **Security vulnerabilities:** See our [Trust page](https://trust.openclaw.ai) for reporting instructions
+- **Threat model questions:** Open an issue on [openclaw/trust](https://github.com/openclaw/trust/issues)
+- **General chat:** Discord #security channel
+
+## Recognition
+
+Contributors to the threat model are recognized in the threat model acknowledgments, release notes, and the OpenClaw security hall of fame for significant contributions.
diff --git a/docs/security/README.md b/docs/security/README.md
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+++ b/docs/security/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# OpenClaw Security & Trust
+
+**Live:** [trust.openclaw.ai](https://trust.openclaw.ai)
+
+## Documents
+
+- [Threat Model](./THREAT-MODEL-ATLAS.md) - MITRE ATLAS-based threat model for the OpenClaw ecosystem
+- [Contributing to the Threat Model](./CONTRIBUTING-THREAT-MODEL.md) - How to add threats, mitigations, and attack chains
+
+## Reporting Vulnerabilities
+
+See the [Trust page](https://trust.openclaw.ai) for full reporting instructions covering all repos.
+
+## Contact
+
+- **Jamieson O'Reilly** ([@theonejvo](https://twitter.com/theonejvo)) - Security & Trust
+- Discord: #security channel
diff --git a/docs/security/THREAT-MODEL-ATLAS.md b/docs/security/THREAT-MODEL-ATLAS.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..60582cdcf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/security/THREAT-MODEL-ATLAS.md
@@ -0,0 +1,597 @@
+# OpenClaw Threat Model v1.0
+
+## MITRE ATLAS Framework
+
+**Version:** 1.0-draft
+**Last Updated:** 2026-02-04
+**Methodology:** MITRE ATLAS + Data Flow Diagrams
+**Framework:** [MITRE ATLAS](https://atlas.mitre.org/) (Adversarial Threat Landscape for AI Systems)
+
+### Framework Attribution
+
+This threat model is built on [MITRE ATLAS](https://atlas.mitre.org/), the industry-standard framework for documenting adversarial threats to AI/ML systems. ATLAS is maintained by [MITRE](https://www.mitre.org/) in collaboration with the AI security community.
+
+**Key ATLAS Resources:**
+- [ATLAS Techniques](https://atlas.mitre.org/techniques/)
+- [ATLAS Tactics](https://atlas.mitre.org/tactics/)
+- [ATLAS Case Studies](https://atlas.mitre.org/studies/)
+- [ATLAS GitHub](https://github.com/mitre-atlas/atlas-data)
+- [Contributing to ATLAS](https://atlas.mitre.org/resources/contribute)
+
+### Contributing to This Threat Model
+
+This is a living document maintained by the OpenClaw community. See [CONTRIBUTING-THREAT-MODEL.md](./CONTRIBUTING-THREAT-MODEL.md) for guidelines on contributing:
+- Reporting new threats
+- Updating existing threats
+- Proposing attack chains
+- Suggesting mitigations
+
+---
+
+## 1. Introduction
+
+### 1.1 Purpose
+
+This threat model documents adversarial threats to the OpenClaw AI agent platform and ClawHub skill marketplace, using the MITRE ATLAS framework designed specifically for AI/ML systems.
+
+### 1.2 Scope
+
+| Component | Included | Notes |
+|-----------|----------|-------|
+| OpenClaw Agent Runtime | Yes | Core agent execution, tool calls, sessions |
+| Gateway | Yes | Authentication, routing, channel integration |
+| Channel Integrations | Yes | WhatsApp, Telegram, Discord, Signal, Slack, etc. |
+| ClawHub Marketplace | Yes | Skill publishing, moderation, distribution |
+| MCP Servers | Yes | External tool providers |
+| User Devices | Partial | Mobile apps, desktop clients |
+
+### 1.3 Out of Scope
+
+Nothing is explicitly out of scope for this threat model.
+
+---
+
+## 2. System Architecture
+
+### 2.1 Trust Boundaries
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                    UNTRUSTED ZONE                                │
+│  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐              │
+│  │  WhatsApp   │  │  Telegram   │  │   Discord   │  ...         │
+│  └──────┬──────┘  └──────┬──────┘  └──────┬──────┘              │
+│         │                │                │                      │
+└─────────┼────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────────────────┘
+          │                │                │
+          ▼                ▼                ▼
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                 TRUST BOUNDARY 1: Channel Access                 │
+│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
+│  │                      GATEWAY                              │   │
+│  │  • Device Pairing (30s grace period)                      │   │
+│  │  • AllowFrom / AllowList validation                       │   │
+│  │  • Token/Password/Tailscale auth                          │   │
+│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+                              │
+                              ▼
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                 TRUST BOUNDARY 2: Session Isolation              │
+│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
+│  │                   AGENT SESSIONS                          │   │
+│  │  • Session key = agent:channel:peer                       │   │
+│  │  • Tool policies per agent                                │   │
+│  │  • Transcript logging                                     │   │
+│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+                              │
+                              ▼
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                 TRUST BOUNDARY 3: Tool Execution                 │
+│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
+│  │                  EXECUTION SANDBOX                        │   │
+│  │  • Docker sandbox OR Host (exec-approvals)                │   │
+│  │  • Node remote execution                                  │   │
+│  │  • SSRF protection (DNS pinning + IP blocking)            │   │
+│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+                              │
+                              ▼
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                 TRUST BOUNDARY 4: External Content               │
+│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
+│  │              FETCHED URLs / EMAILS / WEBHOOKS             │   │
+│  │  • External content wrapping (XML tags)                   │   │
+│  │  • Security notice injection                              │   │
+│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+                              │
+                              ▼
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                 TRUST BOUNDARY 5: Supply Chain                   │
+│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
+│  │                      CLAWHUB                              │   │
+│  │  • Skill publishing (semver, SKILL.md required)           │   │
+│  │  • Pattern-based moderation flags                         │   │
+│  │  • VirusTotal scanning (coming soon)                      │   │
+│  │  • GitHub account age verification                        │   │
+│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+### 2.2 Data Flows
+
+| Flow | Source | Destination | Data | Protection |
+|------|--------|-------------|------|------------|
+| F1 | Channel | Gateway | User messages | TLS, AllowFrom |
+| F2 | Gateway | Agent | Routed messages | Session isolation |
+| F3 | Agent | Tools | Tool invocations | Policy enforcement |
+| F4 | Agent | External | web_fetch requests | SSRF blocking |
+| F5 | ClawHub | Agent | Skill code | Moderation, scanning |
+| F6 | Agent | Channel | Responses | Output filtering |
+
+---
+
+## 3. Threat Analysis by ATLAS Tactic
+
+### 3.1 Reconnaissance (AML.TA0002)
+
+#### T-RECON-001: Agent Endpoint Discovery
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0006 - Active Scanning |
+| **Description** | Attacker scans for exposed OpenClaw gateway endpoints |
+| **Attack Vector** | Network scanning, shodan queries, DNS enumeration |
+| **Affected Components** | Gateway, exposed API endpoints |
+| **Current Mitigations** | Tailscale auth option, bind to loopback by default |
+| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Public gateways discoverable |
+| **Recommendations** | Document secure deployment, add rate limiting on discovery endpoints |
+
+#### T-RECON-002: Channel Integration Probing
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0006 - Active Scanning |
+| **Description** | Attacker probes messaging channels to identify AI-managed accounts |
+| **Attack Vector** | Sending test messages, observing response patterns |
+| **Affected Components** | All channel integrations |
+| **Current Mitigations** | None specific |
+| **Residual Risk** | Low - Limited value from discovery alone |
+| **Recommendations** | Consider response timing randomization |
+
+---
+
+### 3.2 Initial Access (AML.TA0004)
+
+#### T-ACCESS-001: Pairing Code Interception
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0040 - AI Model Inference API Access |
+| **Description** | Attacker intercepts pairing code during 30s grace period |
+| **Attack Vector** | Shoulder surfing, network sniffing, social engineering |
+| **Affected Components** | Device pairing system |
+| **Current Mitigations** | 30s expiry, codes sent via existing channel |
+| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Grace period exploitable |
+| **Recommendations** | Reduce grace period, add confirmation step |
+
+#### T-ACCESS-002: AllowFrom Spoofing
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0040 - AI Model Inference API Access |
+| **Description** | Attacker spoofs allowed sender identity in channel |
+| **Attack Vector** | Depends on channel - phone number spoofing, username impersonation |
+| **Affected Components** | AllowFrom validation per channel |
+| **Current Mitigations** | Channel-specific identity verification |
+| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Some channels vulnerable to spoofing |
+| **Recommendations** | Document channel-specific risks, add cryptographic verification where possible |
+
+#### T-ACCESS-003: Token Theft
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0040 - AI Model Inference API Access |
+| **Description** | Attacker steals authentication tokens from config files |
+| **Attack Vector** | Malware, unauthorized device access, config backup exposure |
+| **Affected Components** | ~/.openclaw/credentials/, config storage |
+| **Current Mitigations** | File permissions |
+| **Residual Risk** | High - Tokens stored in plaintext |
+| **Recommendations** | Implement token encryption at rest, add token rotation |
+
+---
+
+### 3.3 Execution (AML.TA0005)
+
+#### T-EXEC-001: Direct Prompt Injection
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0051.000 - LLM Prompt Injection: Direct |
+| **Description** | Attacker sends crafted prompts to manipulate agent behavior |
+| **Attack Vector** | Channel messages containing adversarial instructions |
+| **Affected Components** | Agent LLM, all input surfaces |
+| **Current Mitigations** | Pattern detection, external content wrapping |
+| **Residual Risk** | Critical - Detection only, no blocking; sophisticated attacks bypass |
+| **Recommendations** | Implement multi-layer defense, output validation, user confirmation for sensitive actions |
+
+#### T-EXEC-002: Indirect Prompt Injection
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0051.001 - LLM Prompt Injection: Indirect |
+| **Description** | Attacker embeds malicious instructions in fetched content |
+| **Attack Vector** | Malicious URLs, poisoned emails, compromised webhooks |
+| **Affected Components** | web_fetch, email ingestion, external data sources |
+| **Current Mitigations** | Content wrapping with XML tags and security notice |
+| **Residual Risk** | High - LLM may ignore wrapper instructions |
+| **Recommendations** | Implement content sanitization, separate execution contexts |
+
+#### T-EXEC-003: Tool Argument Injection
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0051.000 - LLM Prompt Injection: Direct |
+| **Description** | Attacker manipulates tool arguments through prompt injection |
+| **Attack Vector** | Crafted prompts that influence tool parameter values |
+| **Affected Components** | All tool invocations |
+| **Current Mitigations** | Exec approvals for dangerous commands |
+| **Residual Risk** | High - Relies on user judgment |
+| **Recommendations** | Implement argument validation, parameterized tool calls |
+
+#### T-EXEC-004: Exec Approval Bypass
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0043 - Craft Adversarial Data |
+| **Description** | Attacker crafts commands that bypass approval allowlist |
+| **Attack Vector** | Command obfuscation, alias exploitation, path manipulation |
+| **Affected Components** | exec-approvals.ts, command allowlist |
+| **Current Mitigations** | Allowlist + ask mode |
+| **Residual Risk** | High - No command sanitization |
+| **Recommendations** | Implement command normalization, expand blocklist |
+
+---
+
+### 3.4 Persistence (AML.TA0006)
+
+#### T-PERSIST-001: Malicious Skill Installation
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0010.001 - Supply Chain Compromise: AI Software |
+| **Description** | Attacker publishes malicious skill to ClawHub |
+| **Attack Vector** | Create account, publish skill with hidden malicious code |
+| **Affected Components** | ClawHub, skill loading, agent execution |
+| **Current Mitigations** | GitHub account age verification, pattern-based moderation flags |
+| **Residual Risk** | Critical - No sandboxing, limited review |
+| **Recommendations** | VirusTotal integration (in progress), skill sandboxing, community review |
+
+#### T-PERSIST-002: Skill Update Poisoning
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0010.001 - Supply Chain Compromise: AI Software |
+| **Description** | Attacker compromises popular skill and pushes malicious update |
+| **Attack Vector** | Account compromise, social engineering of skill owner |
+| **Affected Components** | ClawHub versioning, auto-update flows |
+| **Current Mitigations** | Version fingerprinting |
+| **Residual Risk** | High - Auto-updates may pull malicious versions |
+| **Recommendations** | Implement update signing, rollback capability, version pinning |
+
+#### T-PERSIST-003: Agent Configuration Tampering
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0010.002 - Supply Chain Compromise: Data |
+| **Description** | Attacker modifies agent configuration to persist access |
+| **Attack Vector** | Config file modification, settings injection |
+| **Affected Components** | Agent config, tool policies |
+| **Current Mitigations** | File permissions |
+| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Requires local access |
+| **Recommendations** | Config integrity verification, audit logging for config changes |
+
+---
+
+### 3.5 Defense Evasion (AML.TA0007)
+
+#### T-EVADE-001: Moderation Pattern Bypass
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0043 - Craft Adversarial Data |
+| **Description** | Attacker crafts skill content to evade moderation patterns |
+| **Attack Vector** | Unicode homoglyphs, encoding tricks, dynamic loading |
+| **Affected Components** | ClawHub moderation.ts |
+| **Current Mitigations** | Pattern-based FLAG_RULES |
+| **Residual Risk** | High - Simple regex easily bypassed |
+| **Recommendations** | Add behavioral analysis (VirusTotal Code Insight), AST-based detection |
+
+#### T-EVADE-002: Content Wrapper Escape
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0043 - Craft Adversarial Data |
+| **Description** | Attacker crafts content that escapes XML wrapper context |
+| **Attack Vector** | Tag manipulation, context confusion, instruction override |
+| **Affected Components** | External content wrapping |
+| **Current Mitigations** | XML tags + security notice |
+| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Novel escapes discovered regularly |
+| **Recommendations** | Multiple wrapper layers, output-side validation |
+
+---
+
+### 3.6 Discovery (AML.TA0008)
+
+#### T-DISC-001: Tool Enumeration
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0040 - AI Model Inference API Access |
+| **Description** | Attacker enumerates available tools through prompting |
+| **Attack Vector** | "What tools do you have?" style queries |
+| **Affected Components** | Agent tool registry |
+| **Current Mitigations** | None specific |
+| **Residual Risk** | Low - Tools generally documented |
+| **Recommendations** | Consider tool visibility controls |
+
+#### T-DISC-002: Session Data Extraction
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0040 - AI Model Inference API Access |
+| **Description** | Attacker extracts sensitive data from session context |
+| **Attack Vector** | "What did we discuss?" queries, context probing |
+| **Affected Components** | Session transcripts, context window |
+| **Current Mitigations** | Session isolation per sender |
+| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Within-session data accessible |
+| **Recommendations** | Implement sensitive data redaction in context |
+
+---
+
+### 3.7 Collection & Exfiltration (AML.TA0009, AML.TA0010)
+
+#### T-EXFIL-001: Data Theft via web_fetch
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0009 - Collection |
+| **Description** | Attacker exfiltrates data by instructing agent to send to external URL |
+| **Attack Vector** | Prompt injection causing agent to POST data to attacker server |
+| **Affected Components** | web_fetch tool |
+| **Current Mitigations** | SSRF blocking for internal networks |
+| **Residual Risk** | High - External URLs permitted |
+| **Recommendations** | Implement URL allowlisting, data classification awareness |
+
+#### T-EXFIL-002: Unauthorized Message Sending
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0009 - Collection |
+| **Description** | Attacker causes agent to send messages containing sensitive data |
+| **Attack Vector** | Prompt injection causing agent to message attacker |
+| **Affected Components** | Message tool, channel integrations |
+| **Current Mitigations** | Outbound messaging gating |
+| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Gating may be bypassed |
+| **Recommendations** | Require explicit confirmation for new recipients |
+
+#### T-EXFIL-003: Credential Harvesting
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0009 - Collection |
+| **Description** | Malicious skill harvests credentials from agent context |
+| **Attack Vector** | Skill code reads environment variables, config files |
+| **Affected Components** | Skill execution environment |
+| **Current Mitigations** | None specific to skills |
+| **Residual Risk** | Critical - Skills run with agent privileges |
+| **Recommendations** | Skill sandboxing, credential isolation |
+
+---
+
+### 3.8 Impact (AML.TA0011)
+
+#### T-IMPACT-001: Unauthorized Command Execution
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0031 - Erode AI Model Integrity |
+| **Description** | Attacker executes arbitrary commands on user system |
+| **Attack Vector** | Prompt injection combined with exec approval bypass |
+| **Affected Components** | Bash tool, command execution |
+| **Current Mitigations** | Exec approvals, Docker sandbox option |
+| **Residual Risk** | Critical - Host execution without sandbox |
+| **Recommendations** | Default to sandbox, improve approval UX |
+
+#### T-IMPACT-002: Resource Exhaustion (DoS)
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0031 - Erode AI Model Integrity |
+| **Description** | Attacker exhausts API credits or compute resources |
+| **Attack Vector** | Automated message flooding, expensive tool calls |
+| **Affected Components** | Gateway, agent sessions, API provider |
+| **Current Mitigations** | None |
+| **Residual Risk** | High - No rate limiting |
+| **Recommendations** | Implement per-sender rate limits, cost budgets |
+
+#### T-IMPACT-003: Reputation Damage
+
+| Attribute | Value |
+|-----------|-------|
+| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0031 - Erode AI Model Integrity |
+| **Description** | Attacker causes agent to send harmful/offensive content |
+| **Attack Vector** | Prompt injection causing inappropriate responses |
+| **Affected Components** | Output generation, channel messaging |
+| **Current Mitigations** | LLM provider content policies |
+| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Provider filters imperfect |
+| **Recommendations** | Output filtering layer, user controls |
+
+---
+
+## 4. ClawHub Supply Chain Analysis
+
+### 4.1 Current Security Controls
+
+| Control | Implementation | Effectiveness |
+|---------|----------------|---------------|
+| GitHub Account Age | `requireGitHubAccountAge()` | Medium - Raises bar for new attackers |
+| Path Sanitization | `sanitizePath()` | High - Prevents path traversal |
+| File Type Validation | `isTextFile()` | Medium - Only text files, but can still be malicious |
+| Size Limits | 50MB total bundle | High - Prevents resource exhaustion |
+| Required SKILL.md | Mandatory readme | Low security value - Informational only |
+| Pattern Moderation | FLAG_RULES in moderation.ts | Low - Easily bypassed |
+| Moderation Status | `moderationStatus` field | Medium - Manual review possible |
+
+### 4.2 Moderation Flag Patterns
+
+Current patterns in `moderation.ts`:
+
+```javascript
+// Known-bad identifiers
+/(keepcold131\/ClawdAuthenticatorTool|ClawdAuthenticatorTool)/i
+
+// Suspicious keywords
+/(malware|stealer|phish|phishing|keylogger)/i
+/(api[-_ ]?key|token|password|private key|secret)/i
+/(wallet|seed phrase|mnemonic|crypto)/i
+/(discord\.gg|webhook|hooks\.slack)/i
+/(curl[^\n]+\|\s*(sh|bash))/i
+/(bit\.ly|tinyurl\.com|t\.co|goo\.gl|is\.gd)/i
+```
+
+**Limitations:**
+- Only checks slug, displayName, summary, frontmatter, metadata, file paths
+- Does not analyze actual skill code content
+- Simple regex easily bypassed with obfuscation
+- No behavioral analysis
+
+### 4.3 Planned Improvements
+
+| Improvement | Status | Impact |
+|-------------|--------|--------|
+| VirusTotal Integration | In Progress | High - Code Insight behavioral analysis |
+| Community Reporting | Partial (`skillReports` table exists) | Medium |
+| Audit Logging | Partial (`auditLogs` table exists) | Medium |
+| Badge System | Implemented | Medium - `highlighted`, `official`, `deprecated`, `redactionApproved` |
+
+---
+
+## 5. Risk Matrix
+
+### 5.1 Likelihood vs Impact
+
+| Threat ID | Likelihood | Impact | Risk Level | Priority |
+|-----------|------------|--------|------------|----------|
+| T-EXEC-001 | High | Critical | **Critical** | P0 |
+| T-PERSIST-001 | High | Critical | **Critical** | P0 |
+| T-EXFIL-003 | Medium | Critical | **Critical** | P0 |
+| T-IMPACT-001 | Medium | Critical | **High** | P1 |
+| T-EXEC-002 | High | High | **High** | P1 |
+| T-EXEC-004 | Medium | High | **High** | P1 |
+| T-ACCESS-003 | Medium | High | **High** | P1 |
+| T-EXFIL-001 | Medium | High | **High** | P1 |
+| T-IMPACT-002 | High | Medium | **High** | P1 |
+| T-EVADE-001 | High | Medium | **Medium** | P2 |
+| T-ACCESS-001 | Low | High | **Medium** | P2 |
+| T-ACCESS-002 | Low | High | **Medium** | P2 |
+| T-PERSIST-002 | Low | High | **Medium** | P2 |
+
+### 5.2 Critical Path Attack Chains
+
+**Attack Chain 1: Skill-Based Data Theft**
+```
+T-PERSIST-001 → T-EVADE-001 → T-EXFIL-003
+(Publish malicious skill) → (Evade moderation) → (Harvest credentials)
+```
+
+**Attack Chain 2: Prompt Injection to RCE**
+```
+T-EXEC-001 → T-EXEC-004 → T-IMPACT-001
+(Inject prompt) → (Bypass exec approval) → (Execute commands)
+```
+
+**Attack Chain 3: Indirect Injection via Fetched Content**
+```
+T-EXEC-002 → T-EXFIL-001 → External exfiltration
+(Poison URL content) → (Agent fetches & follows instructions) → (Data sent to attacker)
+```
+
+---
+
+## 6. Recommendations Summary
+
+### 6.1 Immediate (P0)
+
+| ID | Recommendation | Addresses |
+|----|----------------|-----------|
+| R-001 | Complete VirusTotal integration | T-PERSIST-001, T-EVADE-001 |
+| R-002 | Implement skill sandboxing | T-PERSIST-001, T-EXFIL-003 |
+| R-003 | Add output validation for sensitive actions | T-EXEC-001, T-EXEC-002 |
+
+### 6.2 Short-term (P1)
+
+| ID | Recommendation | Addresses |
+|----|----------------|-----------|
+| R-004 | Implement rate limiting | T-IMPACT-002 |
+| R-005 | Add token encryption at rest | T-ACCESS-003 |
+| R-006 | Improve exec approval UX and validation | T-EXEC-004 |
+| R-007 | Implement URL allowlisting for web_fetch | T-EXFIL-001 |
+
+### 6.3 Medium-term (P2)
+
+| ID | Recommendation | Addresses |
+|----|----------------|-----------|
+| R-008 | Add cryptographic channel verification where possible | T-ACCESS-002 |
+| R-009 | Implement config integrity verification | T-PERSIST-003 |
+| R-010 | Add update signing and version pinning | T-PERSIST-002 |
+
+---
+
+## 7. Appendices
+
+### 7.1 ATLAS Technique Mapping
+
+| ATLAS ID | Technique Name | OpenClaw Threats |
+|----------|----------------|------------------|
+| AML.T0006 | Active Scanning | T-RECON-001, T-RECON-002 |
+| AML.T0009 | Collection | T-EXFIL-001, T-EXFIL-002, T-EXFIL-003 |
+| AML.T0010.001 | Supply Chain: AI Software | T-PERSIST-001, T-PERSIST-002 |
+| AML.T0010.002 | Supply Chain: Data | T-PERSIST-003 |
+| AML.T0031 | Erode AI Model Integrity | T-IMPACT-001, T-IMPACT-002, T-IMPACT-003 |
+| AML.T0040 | AI Model Inference API Access | T-ACCESS-001, T-ACCESS-002, T-ACCESS-003, T-DISC-001, T-DISC-002 |
+| AML.T0043 | Craft Adversarial Data | T-EXEC-004, T-EVADE-001, T-EVADE-002 |
+| AML.T0051.000 | LLM Prompt Injection: Direct | T-EXEC-001, T-EXEC-003 |
+| AML.T0051.001 | LLM Prompt Injection: Indirect | T-EXEC-002 |
+
+### 7.2 Key Security Files
+
+| Path | Purpose | Risk Level |
+|------|---------|------------|
+| `src/infra/exec-approvals.ts` | Command approval logic | **Critical** |
+| `src/gateway/auth.ts` | Gateway authentication | **Critical** |
+| `src/web/inbound/access-control.ts` | Channel access control | **Critical** |
+| `src/infra/net/ssrf.ts` | SSRF protection | **Critical** |
+| `src/security/external-content.ts` | Prompt injection mitigation | **Critical** |
+| `src/agents/sandbox/tool-policy.ts` | Tool policy enforcement | **Critical** |
+| `convex/lib/moderation.ts` | ClawHub moderation | **High** |
+| `convex/lib/skillPublish.ts` | Skill publishing flow | **High** |
+| `src/routing/resolve-route.ts` | Session isolation | **Medium** |
+
+### 7.3 Glossary
+
+| Term | Definition |
+|------|------------|
+| **ATLAS** | MITRE's Adversarial Threat Landscape for AI Systems |
+| **ClawHub** | OpenClaw's skill marketplace |
+| **Gateway** | OpenClaw's message routing and authentication layer |
+| **MCP** | Model Context Protocol - tool provider interface |
+| **Prompt Injection** | Attack where malicious instructions are embedded in input |
+| **Skill** | Downloadable extension for OpenClaw agents |
+| **SSRF** | Server-Side Request Forgery |
+
+---
+
+*This threat model is a living document. Report security issues to security@openclaw.ai*