diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/channel.directory.test.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/channel.directory.test.ts
index 4857ee93a3..5fc6bbe28f 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/channel.directory.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/channel.directory.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { PluginRuntime } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk";
+import type { PluginRuntime, RuntimeEnv } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk";
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import { matrixPlugin } from "./channel.js";
 import { setMatrixRuntime } from "./runtime.js";
@@ -24,10 +24,18 @@ vi.mock("@vector-im/matrix-bot-sdk", () => ({
 }));
 
 describe("matrix directory", () => {
+  const runtimeEnv: RuntimeEnv = {
+    log: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    exit: vi.fn((code: number): never => {
+      throw new Error(`exit ${code}`);
+    }),
+  };
+
   beforeEach(() => {
     setMatrixRuntime({
       state: {
-        resolveStateDir: (_env, homeDir) => homeDir(),
+        resolveStateDir: (_env, homeDir) => (homeDir ?? (() => "/tmp"))(),
       },
     } as PluginRuntime);
   });
@@ -51,11 +59,12 @@ describe("matrix directory", () => {
     expect(matrixPlugin.directory?.listGroups).toBeTruthy();
 
     await expect(
-      matrixPlugin.directory!.listPeers({
+      matrixPlugin.directory!.listPeers!({
         cfg,
         accountId: undefined,
         query: undefined,
         limit: undefined,
+        runtime: runtimeEnv,
       }),
     ).resolves.toEqual(
       expect.arrayContaining([
@@ -67,11 +76,12 @@ describe("matrix directory", () => {
     );
 
     await expect(
-      matrixPlugin.directory!.listGroups({
+      matrixPlugin.directory!.listGroups!({
         cfg,
         accountId: undefined,
         query: undefined,
         limit: undefined,
+        runtime: runtimeEnv,
       }),
     ).resolves.toEqual(
       expect.arrayContaining([
@@ -130,11 +140,11 @@ describe("matrix directory", () => {
       },
     } as unknown as CoreConfig;
 
-    expect(matrixPlugin.groups.resolveRequireMention({ cfg, groupId: "!room:example.org" })).toBe(
+    expect(matrixPlugin.groups!.resolveRequireMention!({ cfg, groupId: "!room:example.org" })).toBe(
       true,
     );
     expect(
-      matrixPlugin.groups.resolveRequireMention({
+      matrixPlugin.groups!.resolveRequireMention!({
         cfg,
         accountId: "assistant",
         groupId: "!room:example.org",
diff --git a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/send.test.ts b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/send.test.ts
index 7f84f9385a..931a92e3aa 100644
--- a/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/send.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/matrix/src/matrix/send.test.ts
@@ -40,11 +40,13 @@ const runtimeStub = {
     loadConfig: () => ({}),
   },
   media: {
-    loadWebMedia: (...args: unknown[]) => loadWebMediaMock(...args),
-    mediaKindFromMime: (...args: unknown[]) => mediaKindFromMimeMock(...args),
-    isVoiceCompatibleAudio: (...args: unknown[]) => isVoiceCompatibleAudioMock(...args),
-    getImageMetadata: (...args: unknown[]) => getImageMetadataMock(...args),
-    resizeToJpeg: (...args: unknown[]) => resizeToJpegMock(...args),
+    loadWebMedia: loadWebMediaMock as unknown as PluginRuntime["media"]["loadWebMedia"],
+    mediaKindFromMime:
+      mediaKindFromMimeMock as unknown as PluginRuntime["media"]["mediaKindFromMime"],
+    isVoiceCompatibleAudio:
+      isVoiceCompatibleAudioMock as unknown as PluginRuntime["media"]["isVoiceCompatibleAudio"],
+    getImageMetadata: getImageMetadataMock as unknown as PluginRuntime["media"]["getImageMetadata"],
+    resizeToJpeg: resizeToJpegMock as unknown as PluginRuntime["media"]["resizeToJpeg"],
   },
   channel: {
     text: {
diff --git a/extensions/mattermost/src/channel.test.ts b/extensions/mattermost/src/channel.test.ts
index 64bd2bd0c3..cf178ab833 100644
--- a/extensions/mattermost/src/channel.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/mattermost/src/channel.test.ts
@@ -191,9 +191,10 @@ describe("mattermostPlugin", () => {
 
   describe("config", () => {
     it("formats allowFrom entries", () => {
-      const formatAllowFrom = mattermostPlugin.config.formatAllowFrom;
+      const formatAllowFrom = mattermostPlugin.config.formatAllowFrom!;
 
       const formatted = formatAllowFrom({
+        cfg: {} as OpenClawConfig,
         allowFrom: ["@Alice", "user:USER123", "mattermost:BOT999"],
       });
       expect(formatted).toEqual(["@alice", "user123", "bot999"]);
diff --git a/extensions/msteams/src/attachments.test.ts b/extensions/msteams/src/attachments.test.ts
index 5de4b9a587..f04e16040a 100644
--- a/extensions/msteams/src/attachments.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/msteams/src/attachments.test.ts
@@ -10,11 +10,12 @@ const saveMediaBufferMock = vi.fn(async () => ({
 
 const runtimeStub = {
   media: {
-    detectMime: (...args: unknown[]) => detectMimeMock(...args),
+    detectMime: detectMimeMock as unknown as PluginRuntime["media"]["detectMime"],
   },
   channel: {
     media: {
-      saveMediaBuffer: (...args: unknown[]) => saveMediaBufferMock(...args),
+      saveMediaBuffer:
+        saveMediaBufferMock as unknown as PluginRuntime["channel"]["media"]["saveMediaBuffer"],
     },
   },
 } as unknown as PluginRuntime;
diff --git a/extensions/msteams/src/channel.directory.test.ts b/extensions/msteams/src/channel.directory.test.ts
index e334edf999..26a9bec2f5 100644
--- a/extensions/msteams/src/channel.directory.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/msteams/src/channel.directory.test.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,16 @@
-import type { OpenClawConfig } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk";
+import type { OpenClawConfig, RuntimeEnv } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk";
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 import { msteamsPlugin } from "./channel.js";
 
 describe("msteams directory", () => {
+  const runtimeEnv: RuntimeEnv = {
+    log: () => {},
+    error: () => {},
+    exit: (code: number): never => {
+      throw new Error(`exit ${code}`);
+    },
+  };
+
   it("lists peers and groups from config", async () => {
     const cfg = {
       channels: {
@@ -26,7 +34,12 @@ describe("msteams directory", () => {
     expect(msteamsPlugin.directory?.listGroups).toBeTruthy();
 
     await expect(
-      msteamsPlugin.directory!.listPeers({ cfg, query: undefined, limit: undefined }),
+      msteamsPlugin.directory!.listPeers!({
+        cfg,
+        query: undefined,
+        limit: undefined,
+        runtime: runtimeEnv,
+      }),
     ).resolves.toEqual(
       expect.arrayContaining([
         { kind: "user", id: "user:alice" },
@@ -37,7 +50,12 @@ describe("msteams directory", () => {
     );
 
     await expect(
-      msteamsPlugin.directory!.listGroups({ cfg, query: undefined, limit: undefined }),
+      msteamsPlugin.directory!.listGroups!({
+        cfg,
+        query: undefined,
+        limit: undefined,
+        runtime: runtimeEnv,
+      }),
     ).resolves.toEqual(
       expect.arrayContaining([
         { kind: "group", id: "conversation:chan1" },
diff --git a/extensions/msteams/src/messenger.test.ts b/extensions/msteams/src/messenger.test.ts
index 9ff3c0d286..977af0c966 100644
--- a/extensions/msteams/src/messenger.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/msteams/src/messenger.test.ts
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ describe("msteams messenger", () => {
 
       const adapter: MSTeamsAdapter = {
         continueConversation: async () => {},
+        process: async () => {},
       };
 
       const ids = await sendMSTeamsMessages({
@@ -154,6 +155,7 @@ describe("msteams messenger", () => {
             },
           });
         },
+        process: async () => {},
       };
 
       const ids = await sendMSTeamsMessages({
@@ -191,6 +193,7 @@ describe("msteams messenger", () => {
 
         const adapter: MSTeamsAdapter = {
           continueConversation: async () => {},
+          process: async () => {},
         };
 
         const ids = await sendMSTeamsMessages({
@@ -250,6 +253,7 @@ describe("msteams messenger", () => {
 
       const adapter: MSTeamsAdapter = {
         continueConversation: async () => {},
+        process: async () => {},
       };
 
       const ids = await sendMSTeamsMessages({
@@ -277,6 +281,7 @@ describe("msteams messenger", () => {
 
       const adapter: MSTeamsAdapter = {
         continueConversation: async () => {},
+        process: async () => {},
       };
 
       await expect(
@@ -310,6 +315,7 @@ describe("msteams messenger", () => {
             },
           });
         },
+        process: async () => {},
       };
 
       const ids = await sendMSTeamsMessages({
diff --git a/extensions/nostr/src/nostr-state-store.test.ts b/extensions/nostr/src/nostr-state-store.test.ts
index 23a8430c74..2dcb9d2d49 100644
--- a/extensions/nostr/src/nostr-state-store.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/nostr/src/nostr-state-store.test.ts
@@ -17,11 +17,13 @@ async function withTempStateDir<T>(fn: (dir: string) => Promise<T>) {
   setNostrRuntime({
     state: {
       resolveStateDir: (env, homedir) => {
-        const override = env.OPENCLAW_STATE_DIR?.trim() || env.OPENCLAW_STATE_DIR?.trim();
+        const stateEnv = env ?? process.env;
+        const override = stateEnv.OPENCLAW_STATE_DIR?.trim() || stateEnv.CLAWDBOT_STATE_DIR?.trim();
         if (override) {
           return override;
         }
-        return path.join(homedir(), ".openclaw");
+        const resolveHome = homedir ?? os.homedir;
+        return path.join(resolveHome(), ".openclaw");
       },
     },
   } as PluginRuntime);
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ describe("computeSinceTimestamp", () => {
   });
 
   it("uses lastProcessedAt when available", () => {
-    const state = {
+    const state: Parameters<typeof computeSinceTimestamp>[0] = {
       version: 2,
       lastProcessedAt: 1699999000,
       gatewayStartedAt: null,
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@ describe("computeSinceTimestamp", () => {
   });
 
   it("uses gatewayStartedAt when lastProcessedAt is null", () => {
-    const state = {
+    const state: Parameters<typeof computeSinceTimestamp>[0] = {
       version: 2,
       lastProcessedAt: null,
       gatewayStartedAt: 1699998000,
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ describe("computeSinceTimestamp", () => {
   });
 
   it("uses the max of both timestamps", () => {
-    const state = {
+    const state: Parameters<typeof computeSinceTimestamp>[0] = {
       version: 2,
       lastProcessedAt: 1699999000,
       gatewayStartedAt: 1699998000,
@@ -120,7 +122,7 @@ describe("computeSinceTimestamp", () => {
   });
 
   it("falls back to now if both are null", () => {
-    const state = {
+    const state: Parameters<typeof computeSinceTimestamp>[0] = {
       version: 2,
       lastProcessedAt: null,
       gatewayStartedAt: null,