Implement PeerDAS sync (#15564)

* PeerDAS: Implement sync

* Fix Potuz's comment.

* Fix Potuz's comment.

* Fix Potuz's comment.

* Fix Satyajit's comment.

* Partially fix Potuz's comment.

* Fix Potuz's comment.

* Fix Potuz's comment.

* Fix Potuz's comment.

* Fix Potuz's comment.

* Fix Potuz's comment.

* Fix Potuz's comment.

* Fix Potuz's comment.

* Add tests for `sendDataColumnSidecarsRequest`.

* Fix Satyajit's comment.

* Implement `TestSendDataColumnSidecarsRequest`.

* Implement `TestFetchDataColumnSidecarsFromPeers`.

* Implement `TestUpdateResults`.

* Implement `TestSelectPeers`.

* Implement `TestCategorizeIndices`.

* Fix James' comment.

* Fix James's comment.

* Fix James' commit.

* Fix James' comment.

* Fix James' comment.

* Fix flakiness in `TestSelectPeers`.

* Update cmd/beacon-chain/flags/config.go

Co-authored-by: Preston Van Loon <pvanloon@offchainlabs.com>

* Fix Preston's comment.

* Fix James's comment.

* Implement `TestFetchDataColumnSidecars`.

* Revert "Fix Potuz's comment."

This reverts commit c45230b455.

* Fix Potuz's comment.

* Revert "Fix James' comment."

This reverts commit a3f919205a.

* Fix James' comment.

* Fix Preston's comment.

* Fix James' comment.

* `selectPeers`: Avoid map with key but empty value.

* Fix typo.

* Fix Potuz's comment.

* Fix Potuz's comment.

* Fix James' comment.

* Add DataColumnStorage and SubscribeAllDataSubnets flag.

* Add extra flags

* Fix Potuz's and Preston's comment.

* Add rate limiter check.

---------

Co-authored-by: Preston Van Loon <pvanloon@offchainlabs.com>
Co-authored-by: Kasey Kirkham <kasey@users.noreply.github.com>

beacon-chain/node/node.go

@@ -845,6 +845,7 @@ func (b *BeaconNode) registerInitialSyncService(complete chan struct{}) error {
 		ClockWaiter:         b.clockWaiter,
 		InitialSyncComplete: complete,
 		BlobStorage:         b.BlobStorage,
+		DataColumnStorage:   b.DataColumnStorage,
 	}, opts...)
 	return b.services.RegisterService(is)
 }