Diverse log improvements, comment additions and small refactors. (#14658)

* `logProposedBlock`: Fix log.

Before, the value of the pointer to the function were printed for `blockNumber`
instead of the block number itself.

* Add blob prefix before sidecars.

In order to prepare for data columns sidecars.

* Verification: Add log prefix.

* `validate_aggregate_proof.go`: Add comments.

* `blobSubscriber`: Fix error message.

* `registerHandlers`: Rename, add comments and little refactor.

* Remove duplicate `pb` vs. `ethpb` import.

* `rpc_ping.go`: Factorize / Add comments.

* `blobSidecarsByRangeRPCHandler`: Do not write error response if rate limited.

* `sendRecentBeaconBlocksRequest` ==> `sendBeaconBlocksRequest`.

The function itself does not know anything about the age of the beacon block.

* `beaconBlocksByRangeRPCHandler`: Refactor and add logs.

* `retentionSeconds` ==> `retentionDuration`.

* `oneEpoch`: Add documentation.

* `TestProposer_ProposeBlock_OK`: Improve error message.

* `getLocalPayloadFromEngine`: Tiny refactor.

* `eth1DataMajorityVote`: Improve log message.

* Implement `ConvertPeerIDToNodeID`and do note generate random private key if peerDAS is enabled.

* Remove useless `_`.

* `parsePeersEnr`: Fix error mesages.

* `ShouldOverrideFCU`: Fix error message.

* `blocks.go`: Minor comments improvements.

* CI: Upgrade golanci and enable spancheck.

* `ConvertPeerIDToNodeID`: Add godoc comment.

* Update CHANGELOG.md

Co-authored-by: Sammy Rosso <15244892+saolyn@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update beacon-chain/sync/initial-sync/service_test.go

Co-authored-by: Sammy Rosso <15244892+saolyn@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update beacon-chain/sync/rpc_beacon_blocks_by_range.go

Co-authored-by: Sammy Rosso <15244892+saolyn@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update beacon-chain/sync/rpc_blob_sidecars_by_range.go

Co-authored-by: Sammy Rosso <15244892+saolyn@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update beacon-chain/sync/rpc_ping.go

Co-authored-by: Sammy Rosso <15244892+saolyn@users.noreply.github.com>

* Remove trailing whitespace in godoc.

---------

Co-authored-by: Sammy Rosso <15244892+saolyn@users.noreply.github.com>

beacon-chain/sync/backfill/blobs.go

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ type blobBatchVerifier struct {
 
 func (bbv *blobBatchVerifier) newVerifier(rb blocks.ROBlob) verification.BlobVerifier {
 	m := bbv.verifiers[rb.BlockRoot()]
-	m[rb.Index] = bbv.newBlobVerifier(rb, verification.BackfillSidecarRequirements)
+	m[rb.Index] = bbv.newBlobVerifier(rb, verification.BackfillBlobSidecarRequirements)
 	bbv.verifiers[rb.BlockRoot()] = m
 	return m[rb.Index]
 }