Add static analyzer to discourage use of panic() (#15075)

* Implement static analysis to prevent panics

* Add nopanic to nogo

* Fix violations and add exclusions

Fix violations and add exclusions for all

* Changelog fragment

* Use pass.Report instead of pass.Reportf

* Remove strings.ToLower for checking init method name

* Add exclusion for herumi init

* Move api/client/beacon template function to init and its own file

* Fix nopanic testcase

testing/benchmark/pregen.go

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ func SetBenchmarkConfig() (func(), error) {
 	undo, err := params.SetActiveWithUndo(c)
 	return func() {
 		if err := undo(); err != nil {
-			panic(err)
+			panic(err) // lint:nopanic -- Test code / impossible scenario.
 		}
 	}, err
 }

testing/endtoend/components/eth1/transactions.go

@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ func RandomBlobTx(rpc *rpc.Client, f *filler.Filler, sender common.Address, nonc
 func New4844Tx(nonce uint64, to *common.Address, gasLimit uint64, chainID, tip, feeCap, value *big.Int, code []byte, blobFeeCap *big.Int, blobData []byte, al types.AccessList) *types.Transaction {
 	blobs, comms, proofs, versionedHashes, err := EncodeBlobs(blobData)
 	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
+		panic(err) // lint:nopanic -- Test code.
 	}
 	tx := types.NewTx(&types.BlobTx{
 		ChainID:    uint256.MustFromBig(chainID),
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ func randomAddress() common.Address {
 		b := make([]byte, 20)
 		_, err := mathRand.Read(b) // #nosec G404
 		if err != nil {
-			panic(err)
+			panic(err) // lint:nopanic -- Test code.
 		}
 		return common.BytesToAddress(b)
 	case 3:

testing/endtoend/components/web3remotesigner.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// lint:nopanic -- Test tooling / code.
 package components
 
 import (

testing/endtoend/types/fork.go

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 func InitForkCfg(start, end int, c *params.BeaconChainConfig) *params.BeaconChainConfig {
 	c = c.Copy()
 	if end < start {
-		panic("end fork is less than the start fork")
+		panic("end fork is less than the start fork") // lint:nopanic -- test code.
 	}
 	if start >= version.Altair {
 		c.AltairForkEpoch = 0

testing/slasher/simulator/simulator.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// lint:nopanic -- Test tooling / code.
 package simulator
 
 import (

testing/validator-mock/prysm_chain_client_mock.go

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ func (mr *MockPrysmChainClientMockRecorder) ValidatorCount(arg0, arg1, arg2 any)
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ValidatorCount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockPrysmChainClient)(nil).ValidatorCount), arg0, arg1, arg2)
 }
+
 // ValidatorPerformance mocks base method.
 func (m *MockPrysmChainClient) ValidatorPerformance(arg0 context.Context, arg1 *ethpb.ValidatorPerformanceRequest) (*ethpb.ValidatorPerformanceResponse, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -70,5 +71,3 @@ func (mr *MockPrysmChainClientMockRecorder) ValidatorPerformance(arg0, arg1 any)
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ValidatorCount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockPrysmChainClient)(nil).ValidatorPerformance), arg0, arg1)
 }
-
-