Backfill data columns (#15580)

**What type of PR is this?**

Feature

**What does this PR do? Why is it needed?**

Adds data column support to backfill.

**Acknowledgements**

- [x] I have read
[CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/blob/develop/CONTRIBUTING.md).
- [x] I have included a uniquely named [changelog fragment
file](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/blob/develop/CONTRIBUTING.md#maintaining-changelogmd).
- [x] I have added a description to this PR with sufficient context for
reviewers to understand this PR.

---------

Co-authored-by: Kasey <kasey@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Preston Van Loon <preston@pvl.dev>

beacon-chain/sync/backfill/batch_test.go

@@ -24,17 +24,16 @@ func TestSortBatchDesc(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestWaitUntilReady(t *testing.T) {
-	b := batch{}.withState(batchErrRetryable)
-	require.Equal(t, time.Time{}, b.retryAfter)
-	var got time.Duration
 	wur := batchBlockUntil
+
+	var got time.Duration
 	var errDerp = errors.New("derp")
 	batchBlockUntil = func(_ context.Context, ur time.Duration, _ batch) error {
 		got = ur
 		return errDerp
 	}
-	// retries counter and timestamp are set when we mark the batch for sequencing, if it is in the retry state
-	b = b.withState(batchSequenced)
+
+	b := batch{}.withRetryableError(errors.New("test error"))
 	require.ErrorIs(t, b.waitUntilReady(t.Context()), errDerp)
 	require.Equal(t, true, retryDelay-time.Until(b.retryAfter) < time.Millisecond)
 	require.Equal(t, true, got < retryDelay && got > retryDelay-time.Millisecond)