rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/cgi_ext/parameters.rb

require 'cgi'
require 'strscan'

module ActionController
  module CgiExt
    module Parameters
      def self.included(base)
        base.extend ClassMethods
      end

      # Merge POST and GET parameters from the request body and query string,
      # with GET parameters taking precedence.
      def parameters
        request_parameters.update(query_parameters)
      end

      def query_parameters
        self.class.parse_query_parameters(query_string)
      end

      def request_parameters
        self.class.parse_request_parameters(params, env_table)
      end

      module ClassMethods
        def parse_query_parameters(query_string)
          return {} if query_string.blank?

          pairs = query_string.split('&').collect do |chunk|
            next if chunk.empty?
            key, value = chunk.split('=', 2)
            next if key.empty?
            value = value.nil? ? nil : CGI.unescape(value)
            [ CGI.unescape(key), value ]
          end.compact

          UrlEncodedPairParser.new(pairs).result
        end

        def parse_request_parameters(params)
          parser = UrlEncodedPairParser.new

          params = params.dup
          until params.empty?
            for key, value in params
              if key.blank?
                params.delete key
              elsif !key.include?('[')
                # much faster to test for the most common case first (GET)
                # and avoid the call to build_deep_hash
                parser.result[key] = get_typed_value(value[0])
                params.delete key
              elsif value.is_a?(Array)
                parser.parse(key, get_typed_value(value.shift))
                params.delete key if value.empty?
              else
                raise TypeError, "Expected array, found #{value.inspect}"
              end
            end
          end

          parser.result
        end

        private
          def get_typed_value(value)
            case value
              when String
                value
              when NilClass
                ''
              when Array
                value.map { |v| get_typed_value(v) }
              else
                # Uploaded file provides content type and filename.
                if value.respond_to?(:content_type) &&
                      !value.content_type.blank? &&
                      !value.original_filename.blank?
                  unless value.respond_to?(:full_original_filename)
                    class << value
                      alias_method :full_original_filename, :original_filename

                      # Take the basename of the upload's original filename.
                      # This handles the full Windows paths given by Internet Explorer
                      # (and perhaps other broken user agents) without affecting
                      # those which give the lone filename.
                      # The Windows regexp is adapted from Perl's File::Basename.
                      def original_filename
                        if md = /^(?:.*[:\\\/])?(.*)/m.match(full_original_filename)
                          md.captures.first
                        else
                          File.basename full_original_filename
                        end
                      end
                    end
                  end

                  # Return the same value after overriding original_filename.
                  value

                # Multipart values may have content type, but no filename.
                elsif value.respond_to?(:read)
                  result = value.read
                  value.rewind
                  result

                # Unknown value, neither string nor multipart.
                else
                  raise "Unknown form value: #{value.inspect}"
                end
            end
          end
      end

      class UrlEncodedPairParser < StringScanner #:nodoc:
        attr_reader :top, :parent, :result

        def initialize(pairs = [])
          super('')
          @result = {}
          pairs.each { |key, value| parse(key, value) }
        end

        KEY_REGEXP = %r{([^\[\]=&]+)}
        BRACKETED_KEY_REGEXP = %r{\[([^\[\]=&]+)\]}

        # Parse the query string
        def parse(key, value)
          self.string = key
          @top, @parent = result, nil

          # First scan the bare key
          key = scan(KEY_REGEXP) or return
          key = post_key_check(key)

          # Then scan as many nestings as present
          until eos?
            r = scan(BRACKETED_KEY_REGEXP) or return
            key = self[1]
            key = post_key_check(key)
          end

          bind(key, value)
        end

        private
          # After we see a key, we must look ahead to determine our next action. Cases:
          #
          #   [] follows the key. Then the value must be an array.
          #   = follows the key. (A value comes next)
          #   & or the end of string follows the key. Then the key is a flag.
          #   otherwise, a hash follows the key.
          def post_key_check(key)
            if scan(/\[\]/) # a[b][] indicates that b is an array
              container(key, Array)
              nil
            elsif check(/\[[^\]]/) # a[b] indicates that a is a hash
              container(key, Hash)
              nil
            else # End of key? We do nothing.
              key
            end
          end

          # Add a container to the stack.
          def container(key, klass)
            type_conflict! klass, top[key] if top.is_a?(Hash) && top.key?(key) && ! top[key].is_a?(klass)
            value = bind(key, klass.new)
            type_conflict! klass, value unless value.is_a?(klass)
            push(value)
          end

          # Push a value onto the 'stack', which is actually only the top 2 items.
          def push(value)
            @parent, @top = @top, value
          end

          # Bind a key (which may be nil for items in an array) to the provided value.
          def bind(key, value)
            if top.is_a? Array
              if key
                if top[-1].is_a?(Hash) && ! top[-1].key?(key)
                  top[-1][key] = value
                else
                  top << {key => value}.with_indifferent_access
                  push top.last
                end
              else
                top << value
              end
            elsif top.is_a? Hash
              key = CGI.unescape(key)
              parent << (@top = {}) if top.key?(key) && parent.is_a?(Array)
              return top[key] ||= value
            else
              raise ArgumentError, "Don't know what to do: top is #{top.inspect}"
            end

            return value
          end

          def type_conflict!(klass, value)
            raise TypeError, "Conflicting types for parameter containers. Expected an instance of #{klass} but found an instance of #{value.class}. This can be caused by colliding Array and Hash parameters like qs[]=value&qs[key]=value."
          end
      end
    end
  end
end