scaffolding for blog post

* feat(providers): add Gemini Deep Research via Interactions API

* fix(providers): hide memory UI for deep research models

* feat(providers): add multi-turn support and token logging for deep research

* fix(providers): only collect user messages as deep research input

* fix(providers): forward previousInteractionId to provider request

* fix(blocks): hide memory child fields for deep research models

* remove memory params from models that don't support it in provider requests

* update blog

apps/sim/app/api/workflows/[id]/route.ts

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{
       return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 401 })
     }
 
+    const isInternalCall = auth.authType === 'internal_jwt'
     const userId = auth.userId || null
 
     let workflowData = await getWorkflowById(workflowId)
@@ -47,12 +48,14 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{
       return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Workflow not found' }, { status: 404 })
     }
 
-    // Check if user has access to this workflow
+    if (isInternalCall && !userId) {
-    if (!userId) {
+      // Internal system calls (e.g. workflow-in-workflow executor) may not carry a userId.
+      // These are already authenticated via internal JWT; allow read access.
+      logger.info(`[${requestId}] Internal API call for workflow ${workflowId}`)
+    } else if (!userId) {
       logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Unauthorized access attempt for workflow ${workflowId}`)
       return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 401 })
-    }
+    } else {
-
       const authorization = await authorizeWorkflowByWorkspacePermission({
         workflowId,
         userId,
@@ -71,6 +74,7 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{
           { status: authorization.status }
         )
       }
+    }
 
     logger.debug(`[${requestId}] Attempting to load workflow ${workflowId} from normalized tables`)
     const normalizedData = await loadWorkflowFromNormalizedTables(workflowId)

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/agent.ts

@@ -10,9 +10,11 @@ import {
   getReasoningEffortValuesForModel,
   getThinkingLevelsForModel,
   getVerbosityValuesForModel,
+  MODELS_WITH_DEEP_RESEARCH,
   MODELS_WITH_REASONING_EFFORT,
   MODELS_WITH_THINKING,
   MODELS_WITH_VERBOSITY,
+  MODELS_WITHOUT_MEMORY,
   providers,
   supportsTemperature,
 } from '@/providers/utils'
@@ -412,12 +414,22 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array.`,
       title: 'Tools',
       type: 'tool-input',
       defaultValue: [],
+      condition: {
+        field: 'model',
+        value: MODELS_WITH_DEEP_RESEARCH,
+        not: true,
+      },
     },
     {
       id: 'skills',
       title: 'Skills',
       type: 'skill-input',
       defaultValue: [],
+      condition: {
+        field: 'model',
+        value: MODELS_WITH_DEEP_RESEARCH,
+        not: true,
+      },
     },
     {
       id: 'memoryType',
@@ -431,6 +443,11 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array.`,
         { label: 'Sliding window (tokens)', id: 'sliding_window_tokens' },
       ],
       defaultValue: 'none',
+      condition: {
+        field: 'model',
+        value: MODELS_WITHOUT_MEMORY,
+        not: true,
+      },
     },
     {
       id: 'conversationId',
@@ -444,6 +461,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array.`,
       condition: {
         field: 'memoryType',
         value: ['conversation', 'sliding_window', 'sliding_window_tokens'],
+        and: { field: 'model', value: MODELS_WITHOUT_MEMORY, not: true },
       },
     },
     {
@@ -454,6 +472,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array.`,
       condition: {
         field: 'memoryType',
         value: ['sliding_window'],
+        and: { field: 'model', value: MODELS_WITHOUT_MEMORY, not: true },
       },
     },
     {
@@ -464,6 +483,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array.`,
       condition: {
         field: 'memoryType',
         value: ['sliding_window_tokens'],
+        and: { field: 'model', value: MODELS_WITHOUT_MEMORY, not: true },
       },
     },
     {
@@ -477,9 +497,13 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array.`,
       condition: () => ({
         field: 'model',
         value: (() => {
+          const deepResearch = new Set(MODELS_WITH_DEEP_RESEARCH.map((m) => m.toLowerCase()))
           const allModels = Object.keys(getBaseModelProviders())
           return allModels.filter(
-            (model) => supportsTemperature(model) && getMaxTemperature(model) === 1
+            (model) =>
+              supportsTemperature(model) &&
+              getMaxTemperature(model) === 1 &&
+              !deepResearch.has(model.toLowerCase())
           )
         })(),
       }),
@@ -495,9 +519,13 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array.`,
       condition: () => ({
         field: 'model',
         value: (() => {
+          const deepResearch = new Set(MODELS_WITH_DEEP_RESEARCH.map((m) => m.toLowerCase()))
           const allModels = Object.keys(getBaseModelProviders())
           return allModels.filter(
-            (model) => supportsTemperature(model) && getMaxTemperature(model) === 2
+            (model) =>
+              supportsTemperature(model) &&
+              getMaxTemperature(model) === 2 &&
+              !deepResearch.has(model.toLowerCase())
           )
         })(),
       }),
@@ -508,6 +536,11 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array.`,
       type: 'short-input',
       placeholder: 'Enter max tokens (e.g., 4096)...',
       mode: 'advanced',
+      condition: {
+        field: 'model',
+        value: MODELS_WITH_DEEP_RESEARCH,
+        not: true,
+      },
     },
     {
       id: 'responseFormat',
@@ -515,6 +548,11 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array.`,
       type: 'code',
       placeholder: 'Enter JSON schema...',
       language: 'json',
+      condition: {
+        field: 'model',
+        value: MODELS_WITH_DEEP_RESEARCH,
+        not: true,
+      },
       wandConfig: {
         enabled: true,
         maintainHistory: true,
@@ -607,6 +645,16 @@ Example 3 (Array Input):
         generationType: 'json-schema',
       },
     },
+    {
+      id: 'previousInteractionId',
+      title: 'Previous Interaction ID',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      placeholder: 'e.g., {{agent_1.interactionId}}',
+      condition: {
+        field: 'model',
+        value: MODELS_WITH_DEEP_RESEARCH,
+      },
+    },
   ],
   tools: {
     access: [
@@ -770,5 +818,13 @@ Example 3 (Array Input):
       description: 'Provider timing information',
     },
     cost: { type: 'json', description: 'Cost of the API call' },
+    interactionId: {
+      type: 'string',
+      description: 'Interaction ID for multi-turn deep research follow-ups',
+      condition: {
+        field: 'model',
+        value: MODELS_WITH_DEEP_RESEARCH,
+      },
+    },
   },
 }

apps/sim/content/blog/enterprise/index.mdx

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 slug: enterprise
 title: 'Build with Sim for Enterprise'
 description: 'Access control, BYOK, self-hosted deployments, on-prem Copilot, SSO & SAML, whitelabeling, Admin API, and flexible data retention—enterprise features for teams with strict security and compliance requirements.'
-date: 2026-01-23
+date: 2026-02-11
-updated: 2026-01-23
+updated: 2026-02-11
 authors:
   - vik
 readingTime: 10
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ ogAlt: 'Sim Enterprise features overview'
 about: ['Enterprise Software', 'Security', 'Compliance', 'Self-Hosting']
 timeRequired: PT10M
 canonical: https://sim.ai/studio/enterprise
-featured: false
+featured: true
-draft: true
+draft: false
 ---
 
 We've been working with security teams at larger organizations to bring Sim into environments with strict compliance and data handling requirements. This post covers the enterprise capabilities we've built: granular access control, bring-your-own-keys, self-hosted deployments, on-prem Copilot, SSO & SAML, whitelabeling, compliance, and programmatic management via the Admin API.

apps/sim/content/blog/workflow-bench/index.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+---
+slug: workflow-bench
+title: 'Introducing Workflow Bench - Benchmarking Natural Language Workflow Building'
+description: 'How we built a benchmark to measure how well AI models translate natural language instructions into executable workflows, and what we learned along the way'
+date: 2026-02-11
+updated: 2026-02-11
+authors:
+  - sid
+readingTime: 10
+tags: [Benchmark, Evaluation, Workflows, Natural Language]
+ogImage: /studio/workflow-bench/cover.png
+ogAlt: 'Workflow Bench benchmark overview'
+about: ['Benchmarking', 'Workflow Building', 'Natural Language']
+timeRequired: PT10M
+canonical: https://sim.ai/studio/workflow-bench
+featured: false
+draft: true
+---
+
+Building workflows from natural language sounds straightforward until you try to measure it. When a user says "send me a Slack message every morning with a summary of my unread emails," how do you evaluate whether the resulting workflow is correct? Is partial credit fair? What about workflows that are functionally equivalent but structurally different?
+
+We built Workflow Bench to answer these questions. This post covers why we needed a dedicated benchmark, how we designed it, and what the results tell us about the current state of natural language workflow building.
+
+## Why a Workflow Benchmark?
+
+<!-- TODO: Motivation for building Workflow Bench -->
+<!-- - Gap in existing benchmarks (code gen benchmarks don't capture workflow semantics) -->
+<!-- - Need to track progress as we iterate on the copilot / natural language builder -->
+<!-- - Workflows are structured artifacts, not just code — they have topology, block types, connections, configs -->
+
+## What We're Measuring
+
+<!-- TODO: Define the core evaluation dimensions -->
+<!-- - Structural correctness (right blocks, right connections) -->
+<!-- - Configuration accuracy (correct params, API mappings) -->
+<!-- - Functional equivalence (does it do the same thing even if shaped differently?) -->
+<!-- - Edge cases: loops, conditionals, parallel branches, error handling -->
+
+## Benchmark Design
+
+<!-- TODO: How the benchmark dataset is constructed -->
+<!-- - Task categories and complexity tiers -->
+<!-- - How ground truth workflows are defined -->
+<!-- - Natural language prompt variations (terse vs. detailed, ambiguous vs. precise) -->
+
+### Task Categories
+
+<!-- TODO: Break down the types of workflows in the benchmark -->
+<!-- - Simple linear (A → B → C) -->
+<!-- - Branching / conditional -->
+<!-- - Looping / iterative -->
+<!-- - Parallel fan-out / fan-in -->
+<!-- - Multi-trigger -->
+
+### Scoring
+
+<!-- TODO: Explain the scoring methodology -->
+<!-- - How partial credit works -->
+<!-- - Structural similarity metrics -->
+<!-- - Config-level accuracy -->
+<!-- - Overall composite score -->
+
+## Evaluation Pipeline
+
+<!-- TODO: How we run the benchmark end to end -->
+<!-- - Prompt → model → workflow JSON → evaluator → score -->
+<!-- - Automation and reproducibility -->
+<!-- - How we handle non-determinism across runs -->
+
+## Results
+
+<!-- TODO: Present the benchmark results -->
+<!-- - Model comparisons -->
+<!-- - Performance by task category -->
+<!-- - Where models struggle most -->
+<!-- - Trends over time as we iterate -->
+
+## What We Learned
+
+<!-- TODO: Key takeaways from running the benchmark -->
+<!-- - Surprising strengths and weaknesses -->
+<!-- - How benchmark results influenced product decisions -->
+<!-- - Common failure modes -->
+
+## What's Next
+
+<!-- TODO: Future directions -->
+<!-- - Expanding the benchmark (more tasks, more complexity) -->
+<!-- - Community contributions / open-sourcing -->
+<!-- - Using the benchmark to guide copilot improvements -->

apps/sim/executor/handlers/agent/agent-handler.ts

@@ -999,6 +999,7 @@ export class AgentBlockHandler implements BlockHandler {
       reasoningEffort: inputs.reasoningEffort,
       verbosity: inputs.verbosity,
       thinkingLevel: inputs.thinkingLevel,
+      previousInteractionId: inputs.previousInteractionId,
     }
   }
 
@@ -1069,6 +1070,7 @@ export class AgentBlockHandler implements BlockHandler {
         reasoningEffort: providerRequest.reasoningEffort,
         verbosity: providerRequest.verbosity,
         thinkingLevel: providerRequest.thinkingLevel,
+        previousInteractionId: providerRequest.previousInteractionId,
       })
 
       return this.processProviderResponse(response, block, responseFormat)
@@ -1269,6 +1271,7 @@ export class AgentBlockHandler implements BlockHandler {
       content: result.content,
       model: result.model,
       ...this.createResponseMetadata(result),
+      ...(result.interactionId && { interactionId: result.interactionId }),
     }
   }
 

apps/sim/executor/handlers/agent/types.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ export interface AgentInputs {
   conversationId?: string // Required for all non-none memory types
   slidingWindowSize?: string // For message-based sliding window
   slidingWindowTokens?: string // For token-based sliding window
+  // Deep research multi-turn
+  previousInteractionId?: string // Interactions API previous interaction reference
   // LLM parameters
   temperature?: string
   maxTokens?: string

apps/sim/providers/gemini/core.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   type GenerateContentConfig,
   type GenerateContentResponse,
   type GoogleGenAI,
+  type Interactions,
   type Part,
   type Schema,
   type ThinkingConfig,
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ import {
 import type { FunctionCallResponse, ProviderRequest, ProviderResponse } from '@/providers/types'
 import {
   calculateCost,
+  isDeepResearchModel,
   prepareToolExecution,
   prepareToolsWithUsageControl,
 } from '@/providers/utils'
@@ -381,6 +383,468 @@ export interface GeminiExecutionConfig {
   providerType: GeminiProviderType
 }
 
+const DEEP_RESEARCH_POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 10_000
+const DEEP_RESEARCH_MAX_DURATION_MS = 60 * 60 * 1000
+
+/**
+ * Sleeps for the specified number of milliseconds
+ */
+function sleep(ms: number): Promise<void> {
+  return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms))
+}
+
+/**
+ * Collapses a ProviderRequest into a single input string and optional system instruction
+ * for the Interactions API, which takes a flat input rather than a messages array.
+ *
+ * Deep research is single-turn only — it takes one research query and returns a report.
+ * Memory/conversation history is hidden in the UI for deep research models, so only
+ * the last user message is used as input. System messages are passed via system_instruction.
+ */
+function collapseMessagesToInput(request: ProviderRequest): {
+  input: string
+  systemInstruction: string | undefined
+} {
+  const systemParts: string[] = []
+  const userParts: string[] = []
+
+  if (request.systemPrompt) {
+    systemParts.push(request.systemPrompt)
+  }
+
+  if (request.messages) {
+    for (const msg of request.messages) {
+      if (msg.role === 'system' && msg.content) {
+        systemParts.push(msg.content)
+      } else if (msg.role === 'user' && msg.content) {
+        userParts.push(msg.content)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    input:
+      userParts.length > 0
+        ? userParts[userParts.length - 1]
+        : 'Please conduct research on the provided topic.',
+    systemInstruction: systemParts.length > 0 ? systemParts.join('\n\n') : undefined,
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extracts text content from a completed interaction's outputs array.
+ * The outputs array can contain text, thought, google_search_result, and other types.
+ * We concatenate all text outputs to get the full research report.
+ */
+function extractTextFromInteractionOutputs(outputs: Interactions.Interaction['outputs']): string {
+  if (!outputs || outputs.length === 0) return ''
+
+  const textParts: string[] = []
+  for (const output of outputs) {
+    if (output.type === 'text') {
+      const text = (output as Interactions.TextContent).text
+      if (text) textParts.push(text)
+    }
+  }
+
+  return textParts.join('\n\n')
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extracts token usage from an Interaction's Usage object.
+ * The Interactions API provides total_input_tokens, total_output_tokens, total_tokens,
+ * and total_reasoning_tokens (for thinking models).
+ *
+ * Also handles the raw API field name total_thought_tokens which the SDK may
+ * map to total_reasoning_tokens.
+ */
+function extractInteractionUsage(usage: Interactions.Usage | undefined): {
+  inputTokens: number
+  outputTokens: number
+  reasoningTokens: number
+  totalTokens: number
+} {
+  if (!usage) {
+    return { inputTokens: 0, outputTokens: 0, reasoningTokens: 0, totalTokens: 0 }
+  }
+
+  const usageLogger = createLogger('DeepResearchUsage')
+  usageLogger.info('Raw interaction usage', { usage: JSON.stringify(usage) })
+
+  const inputTokens = usage.total_input_tokens ?? 0
+  const outputTokens = usage.total_output_tokens ?? 0
+  const reasoningTokens =
+    usage.total_reasoning_tokens ??
+    ((usage as Record<string, unknown>).total_thought_tokens as number) ??
+    0
+  const totalTokens = usage.total_tokens ?? inputTokens + outputTokens
+
+  return { inputTokens, outputTokens, reasoningTokens, totalTokens }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds a standard ProviderResponse from a completed deep research interaction.
+ */
+function buildDeepResearchResponse(
+  content: string,
+  model: string,
+  usage: {
+    inputTokens: number
+    outputTokens: number
+    reasoningTokens: number
+    totalTokens: number
+  },
+  providerStartTime: number,
+  providerStartTimeISO: string,
+  interactionId?: string
+): ProviderResponse {
+  const providerEndTime = Date.now()
+  const duration = providerEndTime - providerStartTime
+
+  return {
+    content,
+    model,
+    tokens: {
+      input: usage.inputTokens,
+      output: usage.outputTokens,
+      total: usage.totalTokens,
+    },
+    timing: {
+      startTime: providerStartTimeISO,
+      endTime: new Date(providerEndTime).toISOString(),
+      duration,
+      modelTime: duration,
+      toolsTime: 0,
+      firstResponseTime: duration,
+      iterations: 1,
+      timeSegments: [
+        {
+          type: 'model',
+          name: 'Deep research',
+          startTime: providerStartTime,
+          endTime: providerEndTime,
+          duration,
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    cost: calculateCost(model, usage.inputTokens, usage.outputTokens),
+    interactionId,
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a ReadableStream from a deep research streaming interaction.
+ *
+ * Deep research streaming returns InteractionSSEEvent chunks including:
+ * - interaction.start: initial interaction with ID
+ * - content.delta: incremental text and thought_summary updates
+ * - content.start / content.stop: output boundaries
+ * - interaction.complete: final event (outputs is undefined in streaming; must reconstruct)
+ * - error: error events
+ *
+ * We stream text deltas to the client and track usage from the interaction.complete event.
+ */
+function createDeepResearchStream(
+  stream: AsyncIterable<Interactions.InteractionSSEEvent>,
+  onComplete?: (
+    content: string,
+    usage: {
+      inputTokens: number
+      outputTokens: number
+      reasoningTokens: number
+      totalTokens: number
+    },
+    interactionId?: string
+  ) => void
+): ReadableStream<Uint8Array> {
+  const streamLogger = createLogger('DeepResearchStream')
+  let fullContent = ''
+  let completionUsage = { inputTokens: 0, outputTokens: 0, reasoningTokens: 0, totalTokens: 0 }
+  let completedInteractionId: string | undefined
+
+  return new ReadableStream({
+    async start(controller) {
+      try {
+        for await (const event of stream) {
+          if (event.event_type === 'content.delta') {
+            const delta = (event as Interactions.ContentDelta).delta
+            if (delta?.type === 'text' && 'text' in delta && delta.text) {
+              fullContent += delta.text
+              controller.enqueue(new TextEncoder().encode(delta.text))
+            }
+          } else if (event.event_type === 'interaction.complete') {
+            const interaction = (event as Interactions.InteractionEvent).interaction
+            if (interaction?.usage) {
+              completionUsage = extractInteractionUsage(interaction.usage)
+            }
+            completedInteractionId = interaction?.id
+          } else if (event.event_type === 'interaction.start') {
+            const interaction = (event as Interactions.InteractionEvent).interaction
+            if (interaction?.id) {
+              completedInteractionId = interaction.id
+            }
+          } else if (event.event_type === 'error') {
+            const errorEvent = event as { error?: { code?: string; message?: string } }
+            const message = errorEvent.error?.message ?? 'Unknown deep research stream error'
+            streamLogger.error('Deep research stream error', {
+              code: errorEvent.error?.code,
+              message,
+            })
+            controller.error(new Error(message))
+            return
+          }
+        }
+
+        onComplete?.(fullContent, completionUsage, completedInteractionId)
+        controller.close()
+      } catch (error) {
+        streamLogger.error('Error reading deep research stream', {
+          error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+        })
+        controller.error(error)
+      }
+    },
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * Executes a deep research request using the Interactions API.
+ *
+ * Deep research uses the Interactions API ({@link https://ai.google.dev/api/interactions-api}),
+ * a completely different surface from generateContent. It creates a background interaction
+ * that performs comprehensive research (up to 60 minutes).
+ *
+ * Supports both streaming and non-streaming modes:
+ * - Streaming: returns a StreamingExecution with a ReadableStream of text deltas
+ * - Non-streaming: polls until completion and returns a ProviderResponse
+ *
+ * Deep research does NOT support custom function calling tools, MCP servers,
+ * or structured output (response_format). These are gracefully ignored.
+ */
+export async function executeDeepResearchRequest(
+  config: GeminiExecutionConfig
+): Promise<ProviderResponse | StreamingExecution> {
+  const { ai, model, request, providerType } = config
+  const logger = createLogger(providerType === 'google' ? 'GoogleProvider' : 'VertexProvider')
+
+  logger.info('Preparing deep research request', {
+    model,
+    hasSystemPrompt: !!request.systemPrompt,
+    hasMessages: !!request.messages?.length,
+    streaming: !!request.stream,
+    hasPreviousInteractionId: !!request.previousInteractionId,
+  })
+
+  if (request.tools?.length) {
+    logger.warn('Deep research does not support custom tools — ignoring tools parameter')
+  }
+  if (request.responseFormat) {
+    logger.warn(
+      'Deep research does not support structured output — ignoring responseFormat parameter'
+    )
+  }
+
+  const providerStartTime = Date.now()
+  const providerStartTimeISO = new Date(providerStartTime).toISOString()
+
+  try {
+    const { input, systemInstruction } = collapseMessagesToInput(request)
+
+    // Deep research requires background=true and store=true (store defaults to true,
+    // but we set it explicitly per API requirements)
+    const baseParams = {
+      agent: model as Interactions.CreateAgentInteractionParamsNonStreaming['agent'],
+      input,
+      background: true,
+      store: true,
+      ...(systemInstruction && { system_instruction: systemInstruction }),
+      ...(request.previousInteractionId && {
+        previous_interaction_id: request.previousInteractionId,
+      }),
+      agent_config: {
+        type: 'deep-research' as const,
+        thinking_summaries: 'auto' as const,
+      },
+    }
+
+    logger.info('Creating deep research interaction', {
+      inputLength: input.length,
+      hasSystemInstruction: !!systemInstruction,
+      streaming: !!request.stream,
+    })
+
+    // Streaming mode: create a streaming interaction and return a StreamingExecution
+    if (request.stream) {
+      const streamParams: Interactions.CreateAgentInteractionParamsStreaming = {
+        ...baseParams,
+        stream: true,
+      }
+
+      const streamResponse = await ai.interactions.create(streamParams)
+      const firstResponseTime = Date.now() - providerStartTime
+
+      const streamingResult: StreamingExecution = {
+        stream: undefined as unknown as ReadableStream<Uint8Array>,
+        execution: {
+          success: true,
+          output: {
+            content: '',
+            model,
+            tokens: { input: 0, output: 0, total: 0 },
+            providerTiming: {
+              startTime: providerStartTimeISO,
+              endTime: new Date().toISOString(),
+              duration: Date.now() - providerStartTime,
+              modelTime: firstResponseTime,
+              toolsTime: 0,
+              firstResponseTime,
+              iterations: 1,
+              timeSegments: [
+                {
+                  type: 'model',
+                  name: 'Deep research (streaming)',
+                  startTime: providerStartTime,
+                  endTime: providerStartTime + firstResponseTime,
+                  duration: firstResponseTime,
+                },
+              ],
+            },
+            cost: {
+              input: 0,
+              output: 0,
+              total: 0,
+              pricing: { input: 0, output: 0, updatedAt: new Date().toISOString() },
+            },
+          },
+          logs: [],
+          metadata: {
+            startTime: providerStartTimeISO,
+            endTime: new Date().toISOString(),
+            duration: Date.now() - providerStartTime,
+          },
+          isStreaming: true,
+        },
+      }
+
+      streamingResult.stream = createDeepResearchStream(
+        streamResponse,
+        (content, usage, streamInteractionId) => {
+          streamingResult.execution.output.content = content
+          streamingResult.execution.output.tokens = {
+            input: usage.inputTokens,
+            output: usage.outputTokens,
+            total: usage.totalTokens,
+          }
+          streamingResult.execution.output.interactionId = streamInteractionId
+
+          const cost = calculateCost(model, usage.inputTokens, usage.outputTokens)
+          streamingResult.execution.output.cost = cost
+
+          const streamEndTime = Date.now()
+          if (streamingResult.execution.output.providerTiming) {
+            streamingResult.execution.output.providerTiming.endTime = new Date(
+              streamEndTime
+            ).toISOString()
+            streamingResult.execution.output.providerTiming.duration =
+              streamEndTime - providerStartTime
+            const segments = streamingResult.execution.output.providerTiming.timeSegments
+            if (segments?.[0]) {
+              segments[0].endTime = streamEndTime
+              segments[0].duration = streamEndTime - providerStartTime
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      )
+
+      return streamingResult
+    }
+
+    // Non-streaming mode: create and poll
+    const createParams: Interactions.CreateAgentInteractionParamsNonStreaming = {
+      ...baseParams,
+      stream: false,
+    }
+
+    const interaction = await ai.interactions.create(createParams)
+    const interactionId = interaction.id
+
+    logger.info('Deep research interaction created', { interactionId, status: interaction.status })
+
+    // Poll until a terminal status
+    const pollStartTime = Date.now()
+    let result: Interactions.Interaction = interaction
+
+    while (Date.now() - pollStartTime < DEEP_RESEARCH_MAX_DURATION_MS) {
+      if (result.status === 'completed') {
+        break
+      }
+
+      if (result.status === 'failed') {
+        throw new Error(`Deep research interaction failed: ${interactionId}`)
+      }
+
+      if (result.status === 'cancelled') {
+        throw new Error(`Deep research interaction was cancelled: ${interactionId}`)
+      }
+
+      logger.info('Deep research in progress, polling...', {
+        interactionId,
+        status: result.status,
+        elapsedMs: Date.now() - pollStartTime,
+      })
+
+      await sleep(DEEP_RESEARCH_POLL_INTERVAL_MS)
+      result = await ai.interactions.get(interactionId)
+    }
+
+    if (result.status !== 'completed') {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Deep research timed out after ${DEEP_RESEARCH_MAX_DURATION_MS / 1000}s (status: ${result.status})`
+      )
+    }
+
+    const content = extractTextFromInteractionOutputs(result.outputs)
+    const usage = extractInteractionUsage(result.usage)
+
+    logger.info('Deep research completed', {
+      interactionId,
+      contentLength: content.length,
+      inputTokens: usage.inputTokens,
+      outputTokens: usage.outputTokens,
+      reasoningTokens: usage.reasoningTokens,
+      totalTokens: usage.totalTokens,
+      durationMs: Date.now() - providerStartTime,
+    })
+
+    return buildDeepResearchResponse(
+      content,
+      model,
+      usage,
+      providerStartTime,
+      providerStartTimeISO,
+      interactionId
+    )
+  } catch (error) {
+    const providerEndTime = Date.now()
+    const duration = providerEndTime - providerStartTime
+
+    logger.error('Error in deep research request:', {
+      error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+      stack: error instanceof Error ? error.stack : undefined,
+    })
+
+    const enhancedError = error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error))
+    Object.assign(enhancedError, {
+      timing: {
+        startTime: providerStartTimeISO,
+        endTime: new Date(providerEndTime).toISOString(),
+        duration,
+      },
+    })
+    throw enhancedError
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Executes a request using the Gemini API
  *
@@ -391,6 +855,12 @@ export async function executeGeminiRequest(
   config: GeminiExecutionConfig
 ): Promise<ProviderResponse | StreamingExecution> {
   const { ai, model, request, providerType } = config
+
+  // Route deep research models to the interactions API
+  if (isDeepResearchModel(model)) {
+    return executeDeepResearchRequest(config)
+  }
+
   const logger = createLogger(providerType === 'google' ? 'GoogleProvider' : 'VertexProvider')
 
   logger.info(`Preparing ${providerType} Gemini request`, {

apps/sim/providers/models.ts

@@ -46,6 +46,9 @@ export interface ModelCapabilities {
     levels: string[]
     default?: string
   }
+  deepResearch?: boolean
+  /** Whether this model supports conversation memory. Defaults to true if omitted. */
+  memory?: boolean
 }
 
 export interface ModelDefinition {
@@ -825,7 +828,7 @@ export const PROVIDER_DEFINITIONS: Record<string, ProviderDefinition> = {
     name: 'Google',
     description: "Google's Gemini models",
     defaultModel: 'gemini-2.5-pro',
-    modelPatterns: [/^gemini/],
+    modelPatterns: [/^gemini/, /^deep-research/],
     capabilities: {
       toolUsageControl: true,
     },
@@ -928,6 +931,19 @@ export const PROVIDER_DEFINITIONS: Record<string, ProviderDefinition> = {
         },
         contextWindow: 1000000,
       },
+      {
+        id: 'deep-research-pro-preview-12-2025',
+        pricing: {
+          input: 2.0,
+          output: 2.0,
+          updatedAt: '2026-02-10',
+        },
+        capabilities: {
+          deepResearch: true,
+          memory: false,
+        },
+        contextWindow: 1000000,
+      },
     ],
   },
   vertex: {
@@ -1038,6 +1054,19 @@ export const PROVIDER_DEFINITIONS: Record<string, ProviderDefinition> = {
         },
         contextWindow: 1000000,
       },
+      {
+        id: 'vertex/deep-research-pro-preview-12-2025',
+        pricing: {
+          input: 2.0,
+          output: 2.0,
+          updatedAt: '2026-02-10',
+        },
+        capabilities: {
+          deepResearch: true,
+          memory: false,
+        },
+        contextWindow: 1000000,
+      },
     ],
   },
   deepseek: {
@@ -2480,6 +2509,37 @@ export function getThinkingLevelsForModel(modelId: string): string[] | null {
   return capability?.levels ?? null
 }
 
+/**
+ * Get all models that support deep research capability
+ */
+export function getModelsWithDeepResearch(): string[] {
+  const models: string[] = []
+  for (const provider of Object.values(PROVIDER_DEFINITIONS)) {
+    for (const model of provider.models) {
+      if (model.capabilities.deepResearch) {
+        models.push(model.id)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return models
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get all models that explicitly disable memory support (memory: false).
+ * Models without this capability default to supporting memory.
+ */
+export function getModelsWithoutMemory(): string[] {
+  const models: string[] = []
+  for (const provider of Object.values(PROVIDER_DEFINITIONS)) {
+    for (const model of provider.models) {
+      if (model.capabilities.memory === false) {
+        models.push(model.id)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return models
+}
+
 /**
  * Get the max output tokens for a specific model.
  *

apps/sim/providers/types.ts

@@ -95,6 +95,8 @@ export interface ProviderResponse {
     total: number
     pricing: ModelPricing
   }
+  /** Interaction ID returned by the Interactions API (used for multi-turn deep research) */
+  interactionId?: string
 }
 
 export type ToolUsageControl = 'auto' | 'force' | 'none'
@@ -169,6 +171,8 @@ export interface ProviderRequest {
   verbosity?: string
   thinkingLevel?: string
   isDeployedContext?: boolean
+  /** Previous interaction ID for multi-turn Interactions API requests (deep research follow-ups) */
+  previousInteractionId?: string
 }
 
 export const providers: Record<string, ProviderConfig> = {}

apps/sim/providers/utils.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ import {
   getMaxOutputTokensForModel as getMaxOutputTokensForModelFromDefinitions,
   getMaxTemperature as getMaxTempFromDefinitions,
   getModelPricing as getModelPricingFromDefinitions,
+  getModelsWithDeepResearch,
+  getModelsWithoutMemory,
   getModelsWithReasoningEffort,
   getModelsWithTemperatureSupport,
   getModelsWithTempRange01,
@@ -953,6 +955,8 @@ export const MODELS_WITH_TEMPERATURE_SUPPORT = getModelsWithTemperatureSupport()
 export const MODELS_WITH_REASONING_EFFORT = getModelsWithReasoningEffort()
 export const MODELS_WITH_VERBOSITY = getModelsWithVerbosity()
 export const MODELS_WITH_THINKING = getModelsWithThinking()
+export const MODELS_WITH_DEEP_RESEARCH = getModelsWithDeepResearch()
+export const MODELS_WITHOUT_MEMORY = getModelsWithoutMemory()
 export const PROVIDERS_WITH_TOOL_USAGE_CONTROL = getProvidersWithToolUsageControl()
 
 export function supportsTemperature(model: string): boolean {
@@ -971,6 +975,10 @@ export function supportsThinking(model: string): boolean {
   return MODELS_WITH_THINKING.includes(model.toLowerCase())
 }
 
+export function isDeepResearchModel(model: string): boolean {
+  return MODELS_WITH_DEEP_RESEARCH.includes(model.toLowerCase())
+}
+
 /**
  * Get the maximum temperature value for a model
  * @returns Maximum temperature value (1 or 2) or undefined if temperature not supported