fix tests

apps/docs/content/docs/en/tools/google_books.mdx

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { BlockInfoCard } from "@/components/ui/block-info-card"
 
 <BlockInfoCard 
   type="google_books"
-  color="#E0E0E0"
+  color="#FFFFFF"
 />
 
 ## Usage Instructions

apps/docs/content/docs/en/tools/s3.mdx

@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@ Retrieve an object from an AWS S3 bucket
 | --------- | ---- | -------- | ----------- |
 | `accessKeyId` | string | Yes | Your AWS Access Key ID |
 | `secretAccessKey` | string | Yes | Your AWS Secret Access Key |
-| `region` | string | No | Optional region override when URL does not include region \(e.g., us-east-1, eu-west-1\) |
 | `s3Uri` | string | Yes | S3 Object URL \(e.g., https://bucket.s3.region.amazonaws.com/path/to/file\) |
 
 #### Output

apps/docs/content/docs/en/tools/slack.mdx

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Send messages to Slack channels or direct messages. Supports Slack mrkdwn format
 | `channel` | string | No | Slack channel ID \(e.g., C1234567890\) |
 | `dmUserId` | string | No | Slack user ID for direct messages \(e.g., U1234567890\) |
 | `text` | string | Yes | Message text to send \(supports Slack mrkdwn formatting\) |
-| `threadTs` | string | No | Thread timestamp to reply to \(creates thread reply\) |
+| `thread_ts` | string | No | Thread timestamp to reply to \(creates thread reply\) |
 | `files` | file[] | No | Files to attach to the message |
 
 #### Output

apps/sim/app/api/auth/accounts/route.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { db } from '@sim/db'
 import { account } from '@sim/db/schema'
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
-import { and, eq } from 'drizzle-orm'
+import { and, desc, eq } from 'drizzle-orm'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { getSession } from '@/lib/auth'
 
@@ -31,15 +31,13 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
       })
       .from(account)
       .where(and(...whereConditions))
-
+      .orderBy(desc(account.updatedAt))
-    // Use the user's email as the display name (consistent with credential selector)
-    const userEmail = session.user.email
 
     const accountsWithDisplayName = accounts.map((acc) => ({
       id: acc.id,
       accountId: acc.accountId,
       providerId: acc.providerId,
-      displayName: userEmail || acc.providerId,
+      displayName: acc.accountId || acc.providerId,
     }))
 
     return NextResponse.json({ accounts: accountsWithDisplayName })

apps/sim/app/api/auth/oauth/credentials/route.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { db } from '@sim/db'
-import { account, user } from '@sim/db/schema'
+import { account, credential, credentialMember, user } from '@sim/db/schema'
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { and, eq } from 'drizzle-orm'
 import { jwtDecode } from 'jwt-decode'
@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkSessionOrInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { syncWorkspaceOAuthCredentialsForUser } from '@/lib/credentials/oauth'
 import { evaluateScopeCoverage, type OAuthProvider, parseProvider } from '@/lib/oauth'
 import { authorizeWorkflowByWorkspacePermission } from '@/lib/workflows/utils'
+import { checkWorkspaceAccess } from '@/lib/workspaces/permissions/utils'
 
 export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
 
@@ -18,6 +20,7 @@ const credentialsQuerySchema = z
   .object({
     provider: z.string().nullish(),
     workflowId: z.string().uuid('Workflow ID must be a valid UUID').nullish(),
+    workspaceId: z.string().uuid('Workspace ID must be a valid UUID').nullish(),
     credentialId: z
       .string()
       .min(1, 'Credential ID must not be empty')
@@ -35,6 +38,79 @@ interface GoogleIdToken {
   name?: string
 }
 
+function toCredentialResponse(
+  id: string,
+  displayName: string,
+  providerId: string,
+  updatedAt: Date,
+  scope: string | null
+) {
+  const storedScope = scope?.trim()
+  const grantedScopes = storedScope ? storedScope.split(/[\s,]+/).filter(Boolean) : []
+  const scopeEvaluation = evaluateScopeCoverage(providerId, grantedScopes)
+  const [_, featureType = 'default'] = providerId.split('-')
+
+  return {
+    id,
+    name: displayName,
+    provider: providerId,
+    lastUsed: updatedAt.toISOString(),
+    isDefault: featureType === 'default',
+    scopes: scopeEvaluation.grantedScopes,
+    canonicalScopes: scopeEvaluation.canonicalScopes,
+    missingScopes: scopeEvaluation.missingScopes,
+    extraScopes: scopeEvaluation.extraScopes,
+    requiresReauthorization: scopeEvaluation.requiresReauthorization,
+  }
+}
+
+async function getFallbackDisplayName(
+  requestId: string,
+  providerParam: string | null | undefined,
+  accountRow: {
+    idToken: string | null
+    accountId: string
+    userId: string
+  }
+) {
+  const providerForParse = (providerParam || 'google') as OAuthProvider
+  const { baseProvider } = parseProvider(providerForParse)
+
+  if (accountRow.idToken) {
+    try {
+      const decoded = jwtDecode<GoogleIdToken>(accountRow.idToken)
+      if (decoded.email) return decoded.email
+      if (decoded.name) return decoded.name
+    } catch (_error) {
+      logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Error decoding ID token`, {
+        accountId: accountRow.accountId,
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (baseProvider === 'github') {
+    return `${accountRow.accountId} (GitHub)`
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const userRecord = await db
+      .select({ email: user.email })
+      .from(user)
+      .where(eq(user.id, accountRow.userId))
+      .limit(1)
+
+    if (userRecord.length > 0) {
+      return userRecord[0].email
+    }
+  } catch (_error) {
+    logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Error fetching user email`, {
+      userId: accountRow.userId,
+    })
+  }
+
+  return `${accountRow.accountId} (${baseProvider})`
+}
+
 /**
  * Get credentials for a specific provider
  */
@@ -46,6 +122,7 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
     const rawQuery = {
       provider: searchParams.get('provider'),
       workflowId: searchParams.get('workflowId'),
+      workspaceId: searchParams.get('workspaceId'),
       credentialId: searchParams.get('credentialId'),
     }
 
@@ -78,7 +155,7 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
       )
     }
 
-    const { provider: providerParam, workflowId, credentialId } = parseResult.data
+    const { provider: providerParam, workflowId, workspaceId, credentialId } = parseResult.data
 
     // Authenticate requester (supports session and internal JWT)
     const authResult = await checkSessionOrInternalAuth(request)
@@ -88,7 +165,7 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
     }
     const requesterUserId = authResult.userId
 
-    const effectiveUserId = requesterUserId
+    let effectiveWorkspaceId = workspaceId ?? undefined
     if (workflowId) {
       const workflowAuthorization = await authorizeWorkflowByWorkspacePermission({
         workflowId,
@@ -106,101 +183,145 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
           { status: workflowAuthorization.status }
         )
       }
+      effectiveWorkspaceId = workflowAuthorization.workflow?.workspaceId || undefined
     }
 
-    // Parse the provider to get base provider and feature type (if provider is present)
+    if (effectiveWorkspaceId) {
-    const { baseProvider } = parseProvider((providerParam || 'google') as OAuthProvider)
+      const workspaceAccess = await checkWorkspaceAccess(effectiveWorkspaceId, requesterUserId)
+      if (!workspaceAccess.hasAccess) {
+        return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Forbidden' }, { status: 403 })
+      }
+    }
 
     let accountsData
 
+    if (credentialId) {
+      const [platformCredential] = await db
+        .select({
+          id: credential.id,
+          workspaceId: credential.workspaceId,
+          type: credential.type,
+          displayName: credential.displayName,
+          providerId: credential.providerId,
+          accountId: credential.accountId,
+          accountProviderId: account.providerId,
+          accountScope: account.scope,
+          accountUpdatedAt: account.updatedAt,
+        })
+        .from(credential)
+        .leftJoin(account, eq(credential.accountId, account.id))
+        .where(eq(credential.id, credentialId))
+        .limit(1)
+
+      if (platformCredential) {
+        if (platformCredential.type !== 'oauth' || !platformCredential.accountId) {
+          return NextResponse.json({ credentials: [] }, { status: 200 })
+        }
+
+        if (workflowId) {
+          if (!effectiveWorkspaceId || platformCredential.workspaceId !== effectiveWorkspaceId) {
+            return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Forbidden' }, { status: 403 })
+          }
+        } else {
+          const [membership] = await db
+            .select({ id: credentialMember.id })
+            .from(credentialMember)
+            .where(
+              and(
+                eq(credentialMember.credentialId, platformCredential.id),
+                eq(credentialMember.userId, requesterUserId),
+                eq(credentialMember.status, 'active')
+              )
+            )
+            .limit(1)
+
+          if (!membership) {
+            return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Forbidden' }, { status: 403 })
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (!platformCredential.accountProviderId || !platformCredential.accountUpdatedAt) {
+          return NextResponse.json({ credentials: [] }, { status: 200 })
+        }
+
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          {
+            credentials: [
+              toCredentialResponse(
+                platformCredential.id,
+                platformCredential.displayName,
+                platformCredential.accountProviderId,
+                platformCredential.accountUpdatedAt,
+                platformCredential.accountScope
+              ),
+            ],
+          },
+          { status: 200 }
+        )
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (effectiveWorkspaceId && providerParam) {
+      await syncWorkspaceOAuthCredentialsForUser({
+        workspaceId: effectiveWorkspaceId,
+        userId: requesterUserId,
+      })
+
+      const credentialsData = await db
+        .select({
+          id: credential.id,
+          displayName: credential.displayName,
+          providerId: account.providerId,
+          scope: account.scope,
+          updatedAt: account.updatedAt,
+        })
+        .from(credential)
+        .innerJoin(account, eq(credential.accountId, account.id))
+        .innerJoin(
+          credentialMember,
+          and(
+            eq(credentialMember.credentialId, credential.id),
+            eq(credentialMember.userId, requesterUserId),
+            eq(credentialMember.status, 'active')
+          )
+        )
+        .where(
+          and(
+            eq(credential.workspaceId, effectiveWorkspaceId),
+            eq(credential.type, 'oauth'),
+            eq(account.providerId, providerParam)
+          )
+        )
+
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          credentials: credentialsData.map((row) =>
+            toCredentialResponse(row.id, row.displayName, row.providerId, row.updatedAt, row.scope)
+          ),
+        },
+        { status: 200 }
+      )
+    }
+
     if (credentialId && workflowId) {
-      // When both workflowId and credentialId are provided, fetch by ID only.
-      // Workspace authorization above already proves access; the credential
-      // may belong to another workspace member (e.g. for display name resolution).
       accountsData = await db.select().from(account).where(eq(account.id, credentialId))
     } else if (credentialId) {
       accountsData = await db
         .select()
         .from(account)
-        .where(and(eq(account.userId, effectiveUserId), eq(account.id, credentialId)))
+        .where(and(eq(account.userId, requesterUserId), eq(account.id, credentialId)))
     } else {
-      // Fetch all credentials for provider and effective user
       accountsData = await db
         .select()
         .from(account)
-        .where(and(eq(account.userId, effectiveUserId), eq(account.providerId, providerParam!)))
+        .where(and(eq(account.userId, requesterUserId), eq(account.providerId, providerParam!)))
     }
 
     // Transform accounts into credentials
     const credentials = await Promise.all(
       accountsData.map(async (acc) => {
-        // Extract the feature type from providerId (e.g., 'google-default' -> 'default')
+        const displayName = await getFallbackDisplayName(requestId, providerParam, acc)
-        const [_, featureType = 'default'] = acc.providerId.split('-')
+        return toCredentialResponse(acc.id, displayName, acc.providerId, acc.updatedAt, acc.scope)
-
-        // Try multiple methods to get a user-friendly display name
-        let displayName = ''
-
-        // Method 1: Try to extract email from ID token (works for Google, etc.)
-        if (acc.idToken) {
-          try {
-            const decoded = jwtDecode<GoogleIdToken>(acc.idToken)
-            if (decoded.email) {
-              displayName = decoded.email
-            } else if (decoded.name) {
-              displayName = decoded.name
-            }
-          } catch (_error) {
-            logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Error decoding ID token`, {
-              accountId: acc.id,
-            })
-          }
-        }
-
-        // Method 2: For GitHub, the accountId might be the username
-        if (!displayName && baseProvider === 'github') {
-          displayName = `${acc.accountId} (GitHub)`
-        }
-
-        // Method 3: Try to get the user's email from our database
-        if (!displayName) {
-          try {
-            const userRecord = await db
-              .select({ email: user.email })
-              .from(user)
-              .where(eq(user.id, acc.userId))
-              .limit(1)
-
-            if (userRecord.length > 0) {
-              displayName = userRecord[0].email
-            }
-          } catch (_error) {
-            logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Error fetching user email`, {
-              userId: acc.userId,
-            })
-          }
-        }
-
-        // Fallback: Use accountId with provider type as context
-        if (!displayName) {
-          displayName = `${acc.accountId} (${baseProvider})`
-        }
-
-        const storedScope = acc.scope?.trim()
-        const grantedScopes = storedScope ? storedScope.split(/[\s,]+/).filter(Boolean) : []
-        const scopeEvaluation = evaluateScopeCoverage(acc.providerId, grantedScopes)
-
-        return {
-          id: acc.id,
-          name: displayName,
-          provider: acc.providerId,
-          lastUsed: acc.updatedAt.toISOString(),
-          isDefault: featureType === 'default',
-          scopes: scopeEvaluation.grantedScopes,
-          canonicalScopes: scopeEvaluation.canonicalScopes,
-          missingScopes: scopeEvaluation.missingScopes,
-          extraScopes: scopeEvaluation.extraScopes,
-          requiresReauthorization: scopeEvaluation.requiresReauthorization,
-        }
       })
     )
 

apps/sim/app/api/auth/oauth/disconnect/route.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ const logger = createLogger('OAuthDisconnectAPI')
 const disconnectSchema = z.object({
   provider: z.string({ required_error: 'Provider is required' }).min(1, 'Provider is required'),
   providerId: z.string().optional(),
+  accountId: z.string().optional(),
 })
 
 /**
@@ -50,15 +51,20 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       )
     }
 
-    const { provider, providerId } = parseResult.data
+    const { provider, providerId, accountId } = parseResult.data
 
     logger.info(`[${requestId}] Processing OAuth disconnect request`, {
       provider,
       hasProviderId: !!providerId,
     })
 
-    // If a specific providerId is provided, delete only that account
+    // If a specific account row ID is provided, delete that exact account
-    if (providerId) {
+    if (accountId) {
+      await db
+        .delete(account)
+        .where(and(eq(account.userId, session.user.id), eq(account.id, accountId)))
+    } else if (providerId) {
+      // If a specific providerId is provided, delete accounts for that provider ID
       await db
         .delete(account)
         .where(and(eq(account.userId, session.user.id), eq(account.providerId, providerId)))

apps/sim/app/api/auth/oauth/microsoft/file/route.ts

@@ -38,13 +38,18 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
       return NextResponse.json({ error: authz.error || 'Unauthorized' }, { status })
     }
 
-    const credential = await getCredential(requestId, credentialId, authz.credentialOwnerUserId)
+    const resolvedCredentialId = authz.resolvedCredentialId || credentialId
+    const credential = await getCredential(
+      requestId,
+      resolvedCredentialId,
+      authz.credentialOwnerUserId
+    )
     if (!credential) {
       return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Credential not found' }, { status: 404 })
     }
 
     const accessToken = await refreshAccessTokenIfNeeded(
-      credentialId,
+      resolvedCredentialId,
       authz.credentialOwnerUserId,
       requestId
     )

apps/sim/app/api/auth/oauth/microsoft/files/route.ts

@@ -37,14 +37,19 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
       return NextResponse.json({ error: authz.error || 'Unauthorized' }, { status })
     }
 
-    const credential = await getCredential(requestId, credentialId, authz.credentialOwnerUserId)
+    const resolvedCredentialId = authz.resolvedCredentialId || credentialId
+    const credential = await getCredential(
+      requestId,
+      resolvedCredentialId,
+      authz.credentialOwnerUserId
+    )
     if (!credential) {
       return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Credential not found' }, { status: 404 })
     }
 
     // Refresh access token if needed using the utility function
     const accessToken = await refreshAccessTokenIfNeeded(
-      credentialId,
+      resolvedCredentialId,
       authz.credentialOwnerUserId,
       requestId
     )

apps/sim/app/api/auth/oauth/token/route.test.ts

@@ -351,10 +351,11 @@ describe('OAuth Token API Routes', () => {
    */
   describe('GET handler', () => {
     it('should return access token successfully', async () => {
-      mockCheckSessionOrInternalAuth.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      mockAuthorizeCredentialUse.mockResolvedValueOnce({
-        success: true,
+        ok: true,
         authType: 'session',
-        userId: 'test-user-id',
+        requesterUserId: 'test-user-id',
+        credentialOwnerUserId: 'test-user-id',
       })
       mockGetCredential.mockResolvedValueOnce({
         id: 'credential-id',
@@ -380,8 +381,8 @@ describe('OAuth Token API Routes', () => {
       expect(response.status).toBe(200)
       expect(data).toHaveProperty('accessToken', 'fresh-token')
 
-      expect(mockCheckSessionOrInternalAuth).toHaveBeenCalled()
+      expect(mockAuthorizeCredentialUse).toHaveBeenCalled()
-      expect(mockGetCredential).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mockRequestId, 'credential-id', 'test-user-id')
+      expect(mockGetCredential).toHaveBeenCalled()
       expect(mockRefreshTokenIfNeeded).toHaveBeenCalled()
     })
 
@@ -399,8 +400,8 @@ describe('OAuth Token API Routes', () => {
     })
 
     it('should handle authentication failure', async () => {
-      mockCheckSessionOrInternalAuth.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      mockAuthorizeCredentialUse.mockResolvedValueOnce({
-        success: false,
+        ok: false,
         error: 'Authentication required',
       })
 
@@ -413,15 +414,16 @@ describe('OAuth Token API Routes', () => {
       const response = await GET(req as any)
       const data = await response.json()
 
-      expect(response.status).toBe(401)
+      expect(response.status).toBe(403)
       expect(data).toHaveProperty('error')
     })
 
     it('should handle credential not found', async () => {
-      mockCheckSessionOrInternalAuth.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      mockAuthorizeCredentialUse.mockResolvedValueOnce({
-        success: true,
+        ok: true,
         authType: 'session',
-        userId: 'test-user-id',
+        requesterUserId: 'test-user-id',
+        credentialOwnerUserId: 'test-user-id',
       })
       mockGetCredential.mockResolvedValueOnce(undefined)
 
@@ -439,10 +441,11 @@ describe('OAuth Token API Routes', () => {
     })
 
     it('should handle missing access token', async () => {
-      mockCheckSessionOrInternalAuth.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      mockAuthorizeCredentialUse.mockResolvedValueOnce({
-        success: true,
+        ok: true,
         authType: 'session',
-        userId: 'test-user-id',
+        requesterUserId: 'test-user-id',
+        credentialOwnerUserId: 'test-user-id',
       })
       mockGetCredential.mockResolvedValueOnce({
         id: 'credential-id',
@@ -465,10 +468,11 @@ describe('OAuth Token API Routes', () => {
     })
 
     it('should handle token refresh failure', async () => {
-      mockCheckSessionOrInternalAuth.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      mockAuthorizeCredentialUse.mockResolvedValueOnce({
-        success: true,
+        ok: true,
         authType: 'session',
-        userId: 'test-user-id',
+        requesterUserId: 'test-user-id',
+        credentialOwnerUserId: 'test-user-id',
       })
       mockGetCredential.mockResolvedValueOnce({
         id: 'credential-id',

apps/sim/app/api/auth/oauth/token/route.ts

@@ -110,23 +110,35 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Credential ID is required' }, { status: 400 })
     }
 
+    const callerUserId = new URL(request.url).searchParams.get('userId') || undefined
+
     const authz = await authorizeCredentialUse(request, {
       credentialId,
       workflowId: workflowId ?? undefined,
       requireWorkflowIdForInternal: false,
+      callerUserId,
     })
     if (!authz.ok || !authz.credentialOwnerUserId) {
       return NextResponse.json({ error: authz.error || 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 403 })
     }
 
-    const credential = await getCredential(requestId, credentialId, authz.credentialOwnerUserId)
+    const resolvedCredentialId = authz.resolvedCredentialId || credentialId
+    const credential = await getCredential(
+      requestId,
+      resolvedCredentialId,
+      authz.credentialOwnerUserId
+    )
 
     if (!credential) {
       return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Credential not found' }, { status: 404 })
     }
 
     try {
-      const { accessToken } = await refreshTokenIfNeeded(requestId, credential, credentialId)
+      const { accessToken } = await refreshTokenIfNeeded(
+        requestId,
+        credential,
+        resolvedCredentialId
+      )
 
       let instanceUrl: string | undefined
       if (credential.providerId === 'salesforce' && credential.scope) {
@@ -186,13 +198,20 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
 
     const { credentialId } = parseResult.data
 
-    // For GET requests, we only support session-based authentication
+    const authz = await authorizeCredentialUse(request, {
-    const auth = await checkSessionOrInternalAuth(request, { requireWorkflowId: false })
+      credentialId,
-    if (!auth.success || auth.authType !== 'session' || !auth.userId) {
+      requireWorkflowIdForInternal: false,
-      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'User not authenticated' }, { status: 401 })
+    })
+    if (!authz.ok || authz.authType !== 'session' || !authz.credentialOwnerUserId) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: authz.error || 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 403 })
     }
 
-    const credential = await getCredential(requestId, credentialId, auth.userId)
+    const resolvedCredentialId = authz.resolvedCredentialId || credentialId
+    const credential = await getCredential(
+      requestId,
+      resolvedCredentialId,
+      authz.credentialOwnerUserId
+    )
 
     if (!credential) {
       return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Credential not found' }, { status: 404 })
@@ -204,7 +223,11 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
     }
 
     try {
-      const { accessToken } = await refreshTokenIfNeeded(requestId, credential, credentialId)
+      const { accessToken } = await refreshTokenIfNeeded(
+        requestId,
+        credential,
+        resolvedCredentialId
+      )
 
       // For Salesforce, extract instanceUrl from the scope field
       let instanceUrl: string | undefined

apps/sim/app/api/auth/oauth/utils.test.ts

@@ -62,21 +62,23 @@ describe('OAuth Utils', () => {
 
   describe('getCredential', () => {
     it('should return credential when found', async () => {
-      const mockCredential = { id: 'credential-id', userId: 'test-user-id' }
+      const mockCredentialRow = { type: 'oauth', accountId: 'resolved-account-id' }
-      const { mockFrom, mockWhere, mockLimit } = mockSelectChain([mockCredential])
+      const mockAccountRow = { id: 'resolved-account-id', userId: 'test-user-id' }
+
+      mockSelectChain([mockCredentialRow])
+      mockSelectChain([mockAccountRow])
 
       const credential = await getCredential('request-id', 'credential-id', 'test-user-id')
 
-      expect(mockDb.select).toHaveBeenCalled()
+      expect(mockDb.select).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
-      expect(mockFrom).toHaveBeenCalled()
-      expect(mockWhere).toHaveBeenCalled()
-      expect(mockLimit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1)
 
-      expect(credential).toEqual(mockCredential)
+      expect(credential).toMatchObject(mockAccountRow)
+      expect(credential).toMatchObject({ resolvedCredentialId: 'resolved-account-id' })
     })
 
     it('should return undefined when credential is not found', async () => {
       mockSelectChain([])
+      mockSelectChain([])
 
       const credential = await getCredential('request-id', 'nonexistent-id', 'test-user-id')
 
@@ -158,15 +160,17 @@ describe('OAuth Utils', () => {
 
   describe('refreshAccessTokenIfNeeded', () => {
     it('should return valid access token without refresh if not expired', async () => {
-      const mockCredential = {
+      const mockCredentialRow = { type: 'oauth', accountId: 'account-id' }
-        id: 'credential-id',
+      const mockAccountRow = {
+        id: 'account-id',
         accessToken: 'valid-token',
         refreshToken: 'refresh-token',
         accessTokenExpiresAt: new Date(Date.now() + 3600 * 1000),
         providerId: 'google',
         userId: 'test-user-id',
       }
-      mockSelectChain([mockCredential])
+      mockSelectChain([mockCredentialRow])
+      mockSelectChain([mockAccountRow])
 
       const token = await refreshAccessTokenIfNeeded('credential-id', 'test-user-id', 'request-id')
 
@@ -175,15 +179,17 @@ describe('OAuth Utils', () => {
     })
 
     it('should refresh token when expired', async () => {
-      const mockCredential = {
+      const mockCredentialRow = { type: 'oauth', accountId: 'account-id' }
-        id: 'credential-id',
+      const mockAccountRow = {
+        id: 'account-id',
         accessToken: 'expired-token',
         refreshToken: 'refresh-token',
         accessTokenExpiresAt: new Date(Date.now() - 3600 * 1000),
         providerId: 'google',
         userId: 'test-user-id',
       }
-      mockSelectChain([mockCredential])
+      mockSelectChain([mockCredentialRow])
+      mockSelectChain([mockAccountRow])
       mockUpdateChain()
 
       mockRefreshOAuthToken.mockResolvedValueOnce({
@@ -201,6 +207,7 @@ describe('OAuth Utils', () => {
 
     it('should return null if credential not found', async () => {
       mockSelectChain([])
+      mockSelectChain([])
 
       const token = await refreshAccessTokenIfNeeded('nonexistent-id', 'test-user-id', 'request-id')
 
@@ -208,15 +215,17 @@ describe('OAuth Utils', () => {
     })
 
     it('should return null if refresh fails', async () => {
-      const mockCredential = {
+      const mockCredentialRow = { type: 'oauth', accountId: 'account-id' }
-        id: 'credential-id',
+      const mockAccountRow = {
+        id: 'account-id',
         accessToken: 'expired-token',
         refreshToken: 'refresh-token',
         accessTokenExpiresAt: new Date(Date.now() - 3600 * 1000),
         providerId: 'google',
         userId: 'test-user-id',
       }
-      mockSelectChain([mockCredential])
+      mockSelectChain([mockCredentialRow])
+      mockSelectChain([mockAccountRow])
 
       mockRefreshOAuthToken.mockResolvedValueOnce(null)
 

apps/sim/app/api/auth/oauth/utils.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { db } from '@sim/db'
-import { account, credentialSetMember } from '@sim/db/schema'
+import { account, credential, credentialSetMember } from '@sim/db/schema'
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { and, desc, eq, inArray } from 'drizzle-orm'
 import { refreshOAuthToken } from '@/lib/oauth'
@@ -25,6 +25,28 @@ interface AccountInsertData {
   accessTokenExpiresAt?: Date
 }
 
+async function resolveOAuthAccountId(
+  credentialId: string
+): Promise<{ accountId: string; usedCredentialTable: boolean } | null> {
+  const [credentialRow] = await db
+    .select({
+      type: credential.type,
+      accountId: credential.accountId,
+    })
+    .from(credential)
+    .where(eq(credential.id, credentialId))
+    .limit(1)
+
+  if (credentialRow) {
+    if (credentialRow.type !== 'oauth' || !credentialRow.accountId) {
+      return null
+    }
+    return { accountId: credentialRow.accountId, usedCredentialTable: true }
+  }
+
+  return { accountId: credentialId, usedCredentialTable: false }
+}
+
 /**
  * Safely inserts an account record, handling duplicate constraint violations gracefully.
  * If a duplicate is detected (unique constraint violation), logs a warning and returns success.
@@ -52,10 +74,16 @@ export async function safeAccountInsert(
  * Get a credential by ID and verify it belongs to the user
  */
 export async function getCredential(requestId: string, credentialId: string, userId: string) {
+  const resolved = await resolveOAuthAccountId(credentialId)
+  if (!resolved) {
+    logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Credential is not an OAuth credential`)
+    return undefined
+  }
+
   const credentials = await db
     .select()
     .from(account)
-    .where(and(eq(account.id, credentialId), eq(account.userId, userId)))
+    .where(and(eq(account.id, resolved.accountId), eq(account.userId, userId)))
     .limit(1)
 
   if (!credentials.length) {
@@ -63,7 +91,10 @@ export async function getCredential(requestId: string, credentialId: string, use
     return undefined
   }
 
-  return credentials[0]
+  return {
+    ...credentials[0],
+    resolvedCredentialId: resolved.accountId,
+  }
 }
 
 export async function getOAuthToken(userId: string, providerId: string): Promise<string | null> {
@@ -238,7 +269,9 @@ export async function refreshAccessTokenIfNeeded(
       }
 
       // Update the token in the database
-      await db.update(account).set(updateData).where(eq(account.id, credentialId))
+      const resolvedCredentialId =
+        (credential as { resolvedCredentialId?: string }).resolvedCredentialId ?? credentialId
+      await db.update(account).set(updateData).where(eq(account.id, resolvedCredentialId))
 
       logger.info(`[${requestId}] Successfully refreshed access token for credential`)
       return refreshedToken.accessToken
@@ -274,6 +307,8 @@ export async function refreshTokenIfNeeded(
   credential: any,
   credentialId: string
 ): Promise<{ accessToken: string; refreshed: boolean }> {
+  const resolvedCredentialId = credential.resolvedCredentialId ?? credentialId
+
   // Decide if we should refresh: token missing OR expired
   const accessTokenExpiresAt = credential.accessTokenExpiresAt
   const refreshTokenExpiresAt = credential.refreshTokenExpiresAt
@@ -334,7 +369,7 @@ export async function refreshTokenIfNeeded(
       updateData.refreshTokenExpiresAt = getMicrosoftRefreshTokenExpiry()
     }
 
-    await db.update(account).set(updateData).where(eq(account.id, credentialId))
+    await db.update(account).set(updateData).where(eq(account.id, resolvedCredentialId))
 
     logger.info(`[${requestId}] Successfully refreshed access token`)
     return { accessToken: refreshedToken, refreshed: true }
@@ -343,7 +378,7 @@ export async function refreshTokenIfNeeded(
       `[${requestId}] Refresh attempt failed, checking if another concurrent request succeeded`
     )
 
-    const freshCredential = await getCredential(requestId, credentialId, credential.userId)
+    const freshCredential = await getCredential(requestId, resolvedCredentialId, credential.userId)
     if (freshCredential?.accessToken) {
       const freshExpiresAt = freshCredential.accessTokenExpiresAt
       const stillValid = !freshExpiresAt || freshExpiresAt > new Date()

apps/sim/app/api/auth/oauth2/shopify/store/route.ts

@@ -48,16 +48,21 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
 
     const shopData = await shopResponse.json()
     const shopInfo = shopData.shop
+    const stableAccountId = shopInfo.id?.toString() || shopDomain
 
     const existing = await db.query.account.findFirst({
-      where: and(eq(account.userId, session.user.id), eq(account.providerId, 'shopify')),
+      where: and(
+        eq(account.userId, session.user.id),
+        eq(account.providerId, 'shopify'),
+        eq(account.accountId, stableAccountId)
+      ),
     })
 
     const now = new Date()
 
     const accountData = {
       accessToken: accessToken,
-      accountId: shopInfo.id?.toString() || shopDomain,
+      accountId: stableAccountId,
       scope: scope || '',
       updatedAt: now,
       idToken: shopDomain,

apps/sim/app/api/auth/trello/store/route.ts

@@ -52,7 +52,11 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
     const trelloUser = await userResponse.json()
 
     const existing = await db.query.account.findFirst({
-      where: and(eq(account.userId, session.user.id), eq(account.providerId, 'trello')),
+      where: and(
+        eq(account.userId, session.user.id),
+        eq(account.providerId, 'trello'),
+        eq(account.accountId, trelloUser.id)
+      ),
     })
 
     const now = new Date()

apps/sim/app/api/credentials/[id]/members/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+import { db } from '@sim/db'
+import { credential, credentialMember, user } from '@sim/db/schema'
+import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { and, eq } from 'drizzle-orm'
+import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { getSession } from '@/lib/auth'
+
+const logger = createLogger('CredentialMembersAPI')
+
+interface RouteContext {
+  params: Promise<{ id: string }>
+}
+
+async function requireAdminMembership(credentialId: string, userId: string) {
+  const [membership] = await db
+    .select({ role: credentialMember.role, status: credentialMember.status })
+    .from(credentialMember)
+    .where(
+      and(eq(credentialMember.credentialId, credentialId), eq(credentialMember.userId, userId))
+    )
+    .limit(1)
+
+  if (!membership || membership.status !== 'active' || membership.role !== 'admin') {
+    return null
+  }
+  return membership
+}
+
+export async function GET(_request: NextRequest, context: RouteContext) {
+  try {
+    const session = await getSession()
+    if (!session?.user?.id) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 401 })
+    }
+
+    const { id: credentialId } = await context.params
+
+    const [cred] = await db
+      .select({ id: credential.id })
+      .from(credential)
+      .where(eq(credential.id, credentialId))
+      .limit(1)
+
+    if (!cred) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ members: [] }, { status: 200 })
+    }
+
+    const members = await db
+      .select({
+        id: credentialMember.id,
+        userId: credentialMember.userId,
+        role: credentialMember.role,
+        status: credentialMember.status,
+        joinedAt: credentialMember.joinedAt,
+        userName: user.name,
+        userEmail: user.email,
+      })
+      .from(credentialMember)
+      .innerJoin(user, eq(credentialMember.userId, user.id))
+      .where(eq(credentialMember.credentialId, credentialId))
+
+    return NextResponse.json({ members })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to fetch credential members', { error })
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Internal server error' }, { status: 500 })
+  }
+}
+
+const addMemberSchema = z.object({
+  userId: z.string().min(1),
+  role: z.enum(['admin', 'member']).default('member'),
+})
+
+export async function POST(request: NextRequest, context: RouteContext) {
+  try {
+    const session = await getSession()
+    if (!session?.user?.id) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 401 })
+    }
+
+    const { id: credentialId } = await context.params
+
+    const admin = await requireAdminMembership(credentialId, session.user.id)
+    if (!admin) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Admin access required' }, { status: 403 })
+    }
+
+    const body = await request.json()
+    const parsed = addMemberSchema.safeParse(body)
+    if (!parsed.success) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Invalid request body' }, { status: 400 })
+    }
+
+    const { userId, role } = parsed.data
+    const now = new Date()
+
+    const [existing] = await db
+      .select({ id: credentialMember.id, status: credentialMember.status })
+      .from(credentialMember)
+      .where(
+        and(eq(credentialMember.credentialId, credentialId), eq(credentialMember.userId, userId))
+      )
+      .limit(1)
+
+    if (existing) {
+      await db
+        .update(credentialMember)
+        .set({ role, status: 'active', updatedAt: now })
+        .where(eq(credentialMember.id, existing.id))
+      return NextResponse.json({ success: true })
+    }
+
+    await db.insert(credentialMember).values({
+      id: crypto.randomUUID(),
+      credentialId,
+      userId,
+      role,
+      status: 'active',
+      joinedAt: now,
+      invitedBy: session.user.id,
+      createdAt: now,
+      updatedAt: now,
+    })
+
+    return NextResponse.json({ success: true }, { status: 201 })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to add credential member', { error })
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Internal server error' }, { status: 500 })
+  }
+}
+
+export async function DELETE(request: NextRequest, context: RouteContext) {
+  try {
+    const session = await getSession()
+    if (!session?.user?.id) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 401 })
+    }
+
+    const { id: credentialId } = await context.params
+    const targetUserId = new URL(request.url).searchParams.get('userId')
+    if (!targetUserId) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'userId query parameter required' }, { status: 400 })
+    }
+
+    const admin = await requireAdminMembership(credentialId, session.user.id)
+    if (!admin) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Admin access required' }, { status: 403 })
+    }
+
+    const [target] = await db
+      .select({
+        id: credentialMember.id,
+        role: credentialMember.role,
+        status: credentialMember.status,
+      })
+      .from(credentialMember)
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(credentialMember.credentialId, credentialId),
+          eq(credentialMember.userId, targetUserId)
+        )
+      )
+      .limit(1)
+
+    if (!target) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Member not found' }, { status: 404 })
+    }
+
+    if (target.role === 'admin') {
+      const activeAdmins = await db
+        .select({ id: credentialMember.id })
+        .from(credentialMember)
+        .where(
+          and(
+            eq(credentialMember.credentialId, credentialId),
+            eq(credentialMember.role, 'admin'),
+            eq(credentialMember.status, 'active')
+          )
+        )
+
+      if (activeAdmins.length <= 1) {
+        return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Cannot remove the last admin' }, { status: 400 })
+      }
+    }
+
+    await db
+      .update(credentialMember)
+      .set({ status: 'revoked', updatedAt: new Date() })
+      .where(eq(credentialMember.id, target.id))
+
+    return NextResponse.json({ success: true })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to remove credential member', { error })
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Internal server error' }, { status: 500 })
+  }
+}

apps/sim/app/api/credentials/[id]/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+import { db } from '@sim/db'
+import { credential, credentialMember, environment, workspaceEnvironment } from '@sim/db/schema'
+import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { and, eq } from 'drizzle-orm'
+import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { getSession } from '@/lib/auth'
+import { getCredentialActorContext } from '@/lib/credentials/access'
+import {
+  syncPersonalEnvCredentialsForUser,
+  syncWorkspaceEnvCredentials,
+} from '@/lib/credentials/environment'
+
+const logger = createLogger('CredentialByIdAPI')
+
+const updateCredentialSchema = z
+  .object({
+    displayName: z.string().trim().min(1).max(255).optional(),
+    description: z.string().trim().max(500).nullish(),
+    accountId: z.string().trim().min(1).optional(),
+  })
+  .strict()
+  .refine(
+    (data) =>
+      data.displayName !== undefined ||
+      data.description !== undefined ||
+      data.accountId !== undefined,
+    {
+      message: 'At least one field must be provided',
+      path: ['displayName'],
+    }
+  )
+
+async function getCredentialResponse(credentialId: string, userId: string) {
+  const [row] = await db
+    .select({
+      id: credential.id,
+      workspaceId: credential.workspaceId,
+      type: credential.type,
+      displayName: credential.displayName,
+      description: credential.description,
+      providerId: credential.providerId,
+      accountId: credential.accountId,
+      envKey: credential.envKey,
+      envOwnerUserId: credential.envOwnerUserId,
+      createdBy: credential.createdBy,
+      createdAt: credential.createdAt,
+      updatedAt: credential.updatedAt,
+      role: credentialMember.role,
+      status: credentialMember.status,
+    })
+    .from(credential)
+    .innerJoin(
+      credentialMember,
+      and(eq(credentialMember.credentialId, credential.id), eq(credentialMember.userId, userId))
+    )
+    .where(eq(credential.id, credentialId))
+    .limit(1)
+
+  return row ?? null
+}
+
+export async function GET(request: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id: string }> }) {
+  const session = await getSession()
+  if (!session?.user?.id) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 401 })
+  }
+
+  const { id } = await params
+
+  try {
+    const access = await getCredentialActorContext(id, session.user.id)
+    if (!access.credential) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Credential not found' }, { status: 404 })
+    }
+    if (!access.hasWorkspaceAccess || !access.member) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Forbidden' }, { status: 403 })
+    }
+
+    const row = await getCredentialResponse(id, session.user.id)
+    return NextResponse.json({ credential: row }, { status: 200 })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to fetch credential', error)
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Internal server error' }, { status: 500 })
+  }
+}
+
+export async function PUT(request: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id: string }> }) {
+  const session = await getSession()
+  if (!session?.user?.id) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 401 })
+  }
+
+  const { id } = await params
+
+  try {
+    const parseResult = updateCredentialSchema.safeParse(await request.json())
+    if (!parseResult.success) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: parseResult.error.errors[0]?.message }, { status: 400 })
+    }
+
+    const access = await getCredentialActorContext(id, session.user.id)
+    if (!access.credential) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Credential not found' }, { status: 404 })
+    }
+    if (!access.hasWorkspaceAccess || !access.isAdmin) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Credential admin permission required' }, { status: 403 })
+    }
+
+    const updates: Record<string, unknown> = {}
+
+    if (parseResult.data.description !== undefined) {
+      updates.description = parseResult.data.description ?? null
+    }
+
+    if (parseResult.data.displayName !== undefined && access.credential.type === 'oauth') {
+      updates.displayName = parseResult.data.displayName
+    }
+
+    if (Object.keys(updates).length === 0) {
+      if (access.credential.type === 'oauth') {
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          {
+            error: 'No updatable fields provided.',
+          },
+          { status: 400 }
+        )
+      }
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          error:
+            'Environment credentials cannot be updated via this endpoint. Use the environment value editor in credentials settings.',
+        },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    updates.updatedAt = new Date()
+    await db.update(credential).set(updates).where(eq(credential.id, id))
+
+    const row = await getCredentialResponse(id, session.user.id)
+    return NextResponse.json({ credential: row }, { status: 200 })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to update credential', error)
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Internal server error' }, { status: 500 })
+  }
+}
+
+export async function DELETE(
+  request: NextRequest,
+  { params }: { params: Promise<{ id: string }> }
+) {
+  const session = await getSession()
+  if (!session?.user?.id) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 401 })
+  }
+
+  const { id } = await params
+
+  try {
+    const access = await getCredentialActorContext(id, session.user.id)
+    if (!access.credential) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Credential not found' }, { status: 404 })
+    }
+    if (!access.hasWorkspaceAccess || !access.isAdmin) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Credential admin permission required' }, { status: 403 })
+    }
+
+    if (access.credential.type === 'env_personal' && access.credential.envKey) {
+      const ownerUserId = access.credential.envOwnerUserId
+      if (!ownerUserId) {
+        return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Invalid personal secret owner' }, { status: 400 })
+      }
+
+      const [personalRow] = await db
+        .select({ variables: environment.variables })
+        .from(environment)
+        .where(eq(environment.userId, ownerUserId))
+        .limit(1)
+
+      const current = ((personalRow?.variables as Record<string, string> | null) ?? {}) as Record<
+        string,
+        string
+      >
+      if (access.credential.envKey in current) {
+        delete current[access.credential.envKey]
+      }
+
+      await db
+        .insert(environment)
+        .values({
+          id: ownerUserId,
+          userId: ownerUserId,
+          variables: current,
+          updatedAt: new Date(),
+        })
+        .onConflictDoUpdate({
+          target: [environment.userId],
+          set: { variables: current, updatedAt: new Date() },
+        })
+
+      await syncPersonalEnvCredentialsForUser({
+        userId: ownerUserId,
+        envKeys: Object.keys(current),
+      })
+
+      return NextResponse.json({ success: true }, { status: 200 })
+    }
+
+    if (access.credential.type === 'env_workspace' && access.credential.envKey) {
+      const [workspaceRow] = await db
+        .select({
+          id: workspaceEnvironment.id,
+          createdAt: workspaceEnvironment.createdAt,
+          variables: workspaceEnvironment.variables,
+        })
+        .from(workspaceEnvironment)
+        .where(eq(workspaceEnvironment.workspaceId, access.credential.workspaceId))
+        .limit(1)
+
+      const current = ((workspaceRow?.variables as Record<string, string> | null) ?? {}) as Record<
+        string,
+        string
+      >
+      if (access.credential.envKey in current) {
+        delete current[access.credential.envKey]
+      }
+
+      await db
+        .insert(workspaceEnvironment)
+        .values({
+          id: workspaceRow?.id || crypto.randomUUID(),
+          workspaceId: access.credential.workspaceId,
+          variables: current,
+          createdAt: workspaceRow?.createdAt || new Date(),
+          updatedAt: new Date(),
+        })
+        .onConflictDoUpdate({
+          target: [workspaceEnvironment.workspaceId],
+          set: { variables: current, updatedAt: new Date() },
+        })
+
+      await syncWorkspaceEnvCredentials({
+        workspaceId: access.credential.workspaceId,
+        envKeys: Object.keys(current),
+        actingUserId: session.user.id,
+      })
+
+      return NextResponse.json({ success: true }, { status: 200 })
+    }
+
+    await db.delete(credential).where(eq(credential.id, id))
+    return NextResponse.json({ success: true }, { status: 200 })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to delete credential', error)
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Internal server error' }, { status: 500 })
+  }
+}

apps/sim/app/api/credentials/draft/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import { db } from '@sim/db'
+import { pendingCredentialDraft } from '@sim/db/schema'
+import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { and, eq, lt } from 'drizzle-orm'
+import { NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { getSession } from '@/lib/auth'
+
+const logger = createLogger('CredentialDraftAPI')
+
+const DRAFT_TTL_MS = 15 * 60 * 1000
+
+const createDraftSchema = z.object({
+  workspaceId: z.string().min(1),
+  providerId: z.string().min(1),
+  displayName: z.string().min(1),
+  description: z.string().trim().max(500).optional(),
+  credentialId: z.string().min(1).optional(),
+})
+
+export async function POST(request: Request) {
+  try {
+    const session = await getSession()
+    if (!session?.user?.id) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 401 })
+    }
+
+    const body = await request.json()
+    const parsed = createDraftSchema.safeParse(body)
+    if (!parsed.success) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Invalid request body' }, { status: 400 })
+    }
+
+    const { workspaceId, providerId, displayName, description, credentialId } = parsed.data
+    const userId = session.user.id
+    const now = new Date()
+
+    await db
+      .delete(pendingCredentialDraft)
+      .where(
+        and(eq(pendingCredentialDraft.userId, userId), lt(pendingCredentialDraft.expiresAt, now))
+      )
+
+    await db
+      .insert(pendingCredentialDraft)
+      .values({
+        id: crypto.randomUUID(),
+        userId,
+        workspaceId,
+        providerId,
+        displayName,
+        description: description || null,
+        credentialId: credentialId || null,
+        expiresAt: new Date(now.getTime() + DRAFT_TTL_MS),
+        createdAt: now,
+      })
+      .onConflictDoUpdate({
+        target: [
+          pendingCredentialDraft.userId,
+          pendingCredentialDraft.providerId,
+          pendingCredentialDraft.workspaceId,
+        ],
+        set: {
+          displayName,
+          description: description || null,
+          credentialId: credentialId || null,
+          expiresAt: new Date(now.getTime() + DRAFT_TTL_MS),
+          createdAt: now,
+        },
+      })
+
+    logger.info('Credential draft saved', {
+      userId,
+      workspaceId,
+      providerId,
+      displayName,
+      credentialId: credentialId || null,
+    })
+
+    return NextResponse.json({ success: true }, { status: 200 })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to save credential draft', { error })
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Internal server error' }, { status: 500 })
+  }
+}

apps/sim/app/api/credentials/memberships/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import { db } from '@sim/db'
+import { credential, credentialMember } from '@sim/db/schema'
+import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { and, eq } from 'drizzle-orm'
+import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { getSession } from '@/lib/auth'
+
+const logger = createLogger('CredentialMembershipsAPI')
+
+const leaveCredentialSchema = z.object({
+  credentialId: z.string().min(1),
+})
+
+export async function GET() {
+  const session = await getSession()
+  if (!session?.user?.id) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 401 })
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const memberships = await db
+      .select({
+        membershipId: credentialMember.id,
+        credentialId: credential.id,
+        workspaceId: credential.workspaceId,
+        type: credential.type,
+        displayName: credential.displayName,
+        providerId: credential.providerId,
+        role: credentialMember.role,
+        status: credentialMember.status,
+        joinedAt: credentialMember.joinedAt,
+      })
+      .from(credentialMember)
+      .innerJoin(credential, eq(credentialMember.credentialId, credential.id))
+      .where(eq(credentialMember.userId, session.user.id))
+
+    return NextResponse.json({ memberships }, { status: 200 })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to list credential memberships', error)
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Internal server error' }, { status: 500 })
+  }
+}
+
+export async function DELETE(request: NextRequest) {
+  const session = await getSession()
+  if (!session?.user?.id) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 401 })
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const parseResult = leaveCredentialSchema.safeParse({
+      credentialId: new URL(request.url).searchParams.get('credentialId'),
+    })
+    if (!parseResult.success) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: parseResult.error.errors[0]?.message }, { status: 400 })
+    }
+
+    const { credentialId } = parseResult.data
+    const [membership] = await db
+      .select()
+      .from(credentialMember)
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(credentialMember.credentialId, credentialId),
+          eq(credentialMember.userId, session.user.id)
+        )
+      )
+      .limit(1)
+
+    if (!membership) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Membership not found' }, { status: 404 })
+    }
+
+    if (membership.status !== 'active') {
+      return NextResponse.json({ success: true }, { status: 200 })
+    }
+
+    if (membership.role === 'admin') {
+      const activeAdmins = await db
+        .select({ id: credentialMember.id })
+        .from(credentialMember)
+        .where(
+          and(
+            eq(credentialMember.credentialId, credentialId),
+            eq(credentialMember.role, 'admin'),
+            eq(credentialMember.status, 'active')
+          )
+        )
+
+      if (activeAdmins.length <= 1) {
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          { error: 'Cannot leave credential as the last active admin' },
+          { status: 400 }
+        )
+      }
+    }
+
+    await db
+      .update(credentialMember)
+      .set({
+        status: 'revoked',
+        updatedAt: new Date(),
+      })
+      .where(eq(credentialMember.id, membership.id))
+
+    return NextResponse.json({ success: true }, { status: 200 })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to leave credential', error)
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Internal server error' }, { status: 500 })
+  }
+}

apps/sim/app/api/credentials/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+import { db } from '@sim/db'
+import { account, credential, credentialMember, workspace } from '@sim/db/schema'
+import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { and, eq } from 'drizzle-orm'
+import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { getSession } from '@/lib/auth'
+import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { getWorkspaceMemberUserIds } from '@/lib/credentials/environment'
+import { syncWorkspaceOAuthCredentialsForUser } from '@/lib/credentials/oauth'
+import { getServiceConfigByProviderId } from '@/lib/oauth'
+import { checkWorkspaceAccess } from '@/lib/workspaces/permissions/utils'
+import { isValidEnvVarName } from '@/executor/constants'
+
+const logger = createLogger('CredentialsAPI')
+
+const credentialTypeSchema = z.enum(['oauth', 'env_workspace', 'env_personal'])
+
+function normalizeEnvKeyInput(raw: string): string {
+  const trimmed = raw.trim()
+  const wrappedMatch = /^\{\{\s*([A-Za-z0-9_]+)\s*\}\}$/.exec(trimmed)
+  return wrappedMatch ? wrappedMatch[1] : trimmed
+}
+
+const listCredentialsSchema = z.object({
+  workspaceId: z.string().uuid('Workspace ID must be a valid UUID'),
+  type: credentialTypeSchema.optional(),
+  providerId: z.string().optional(),
+  credentialId: z.string().optional(),
+})
+
+const createCredentialSchema = z
+  .object({
+    workspaceId: z.string().uuid('Workspace ID must be a valid UUID'),
+    type: credentialTypeSchema,
+    displayName: z.string().trim().min(1).max(255).optional(),
+    description: z.string().trim().max(500).optional(),
+    providerId: z.string().trim().min(1).optional(),
+    accountId: z.string().trim().min(1).optional(),
+    envKey: z.string().trim().min(1).optional(),
+    envOwnerUserId: z.string().trim().min(1).optional(),
+  })
+  .superRefine((data, ctx) => {
+    if (data.type === 'oauth') {
+      if (!data.accountId) {
+        ctx.addIssue({
+          code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+          message: 'accountId is required for oauth credentials',
+          path: ['accountId'],
+        })
+      }
+      if (!data.providerId) {
+        ctx.addIssue({
+          code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+          message: 'providerId is required for oauth credentials',
+          path: ['providerId'],
+        })
+      }
+      if (!data.displayName) {
+        ctx.addIssue({
+          code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+          message: 'displayName is required for oauth credentials',
+          path: ['displayName'],
+        })
+      }
+      return
+    }
+
+    const normalizedEnvKey = data.envKey ? normalizeEnvKeyInput(data.envKey) : ''
+    if (!normalizedEnvKey) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: 'envKey is required for env credentials',
+        path: ['envKey'],
+      })
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (!isValidEnvVarName(normalizedEnvKey)) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: 'envKey must contain only letters, numbers, and underscores',
+        path: ['envKey'],
+      })
+    }
+  })
+
+interface ExistingCredentialSourceParams {
+  workspaceId: string
+  type: 'oauth' | 'env_workspace' | 'env_personal'
+  accountId?: string | null
+  envKey?: string | null
+  envOwnerUserId?: string | null
+}
+
+async function findExistingCredentialBySource(params: ExistingCredentialSourceParams) {
+  const { workspaceId, type, accountId, envKey, envOwnerUserId } = params
+
+  if (type === 'oauth' && accountId) {
+    const [row] = await db
+      .select()
+      .from(credential)
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(credential.workspaceId, workspaceId),
+          eq(credential.type, 'oauth'),
+          eq(credential.accountId, accountId)
+        )
+      )
+      .limit(1)
+    return row ?? null
+  }
+
+  if (type === 'env_workspace' && envKey) {
+    const [row] = await db
+      .select()
+      .from(credential)
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(credential.workspaceId, workspaceId),
+          eq(credential.type, 'env_workspace'),
+          eq(credential.envKey, envKey)
+        )
+      )
+      .limit(1)
+    return row ?? null
+  }
+
+  if (type === 'env_personal' && envKey && envOwnerUserId) {
+    const [row] = await db
+      .select()
+      .from(credential)
+      .where(
+        and(
+          eq(credential.workspaceId, workspaceId),
+          eq(credential.type, 'env_personal'),
+          eq(credential.envKey, envKey),
+          eq(credential.envOwnerUserId, envOwnerUserId)
+        )
+      )
+      .limit(1)
+    return row ?? null
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
+  const requestId = generateRequestId()
+  const session = await getSession()
+
+  if (!session?.user?.id) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 401 })
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const { searchParams } = new URL(request.url)
+    const rawWorkspaceId = searchParams.get('workspaceId')
+    const rawType = searchParams.get('type')
+    const rawProviderId = searchParams.get('providerId')
+    const rawCredentialId = searchParams.get('credentialId')
+    const parseResult = listCredentialsSchema.safeParse({
+      workspaceId: rawWorkspaceId?.trim(),
+      type: rawType?.trim() || undefined,
+      providerId: rawProviderId?.trim() || undefined,
+      credentialId: rawCredentialId?.trim() || undefined,
+    })
+
+    if (!parseResult.success) {
+      logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Invalid credential list request`, {
+        workspaceId: rawWorkspaceId,
+        type: rawType,
+        providerId: rawProviderId,
+        errors: parseResult.error.errors,
+      })
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: parseResult.error.errors[0]?.message }, { status: 400 })
+    }
+
+    const { workspaceId, type, providerId, credentialId: lookupCredentialId } = parseResult.data
+    const workspaceAccess = await checkWorkspaceAccess(workspaceId, session.user.id)
+
+    if (!workspaceAccess.hasAccess) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Forbidden' }, { status: 403 })
+    }
+
+    if (lookupCredentialId) {
+      let [row] = await db
+        .select({
+          id: credential.id,
+          displayName: credential.displayName,
+          type: credential.type,
+          providerId: credential.providerId,
+        })
+        .from(credential)
+        .where(and(eq(credential.id, lookupCredentialId), eq(credential.workspaceId, workspaceId)))
+        .limit(1)
+
+      if (!row) {
+        ;[row] = await db
+          .select({
+            id: credential.id,
+            displayName: credential.displayName,
+            type: credential.type,
+            providerId: credential.providerId,
+          })
+          .from(credential)
+          .where(
+            and(
+              eq(credential.accountId, lookupCredentialId),
+              eq(credential.workspaceId, workspaceId)
+            )
+          )
+          .limit(1)
+      }
+
+      return NextResponse.json({ credential: row ?? null })
+    }
+
+    if (!type || type === 'oauth') {
+      await syncWorkspaceOAuthCredentialsForUser({ workspaceId, userId: session.user.id })
+    }
+
+    const whereClauses = [
+      eq(credential.workspaceId, workspaceId),
+      eq(credentialMember.userId, session.user.id),
+      eq(credentialMember.status, 'active'),
+    ]
+
+    if (type) {
+      whereClauses.push(eq(credential.type, type))
+    }
+    if (providerId) {
+      whereClauses.push(eq(credential.providerId, providerId))
+    }
+
+    const credentials = await db
+      .select({
+        id: credential.id,
+        workspaceId: credential.workspaceId,
+        type: credential.type,
+        displayName: credential.displayName,
+        description: credential.description,
+        providerId: credential.providerId,
+        accountId: credential.accountId,
+        envKey: credential.envKey,
+        envOwnerUserId: credential.envOwnerUserId,
+        createdBy: credential.createdBy,
+        createdAt: credential.createdAt,
+        updatedAt: credential.updatedAt,
+        role: credentialMember.role,
+      })
+      .from(credential)
+      .innerJoin(
+        credentialMember,
+        and(
+          eq(credentialMember.credentialId, credential.id),
+          eq(credentialMember.userId, session.user.id),
+          eq(credentialMember.status, 'active')
+        )
+      )
+      .where(and(...whereClauses))
+
+    return NextResponse.json({ credentials })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to list credentials`, error)
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Internal server error' }, { status: 500 })
+  }
+}
+
+export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
+  const requestId = generateRequestId()
+  const session = await getSession()
+
+  if (!session?.user?.id) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 401 })
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const body = await request.json()
+    const parseResult = createCredentialSchema.safeParse(body)
+
+    if (!parseResult.success) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: parseResult.error.errors[0]?.message }, { status: 400 })
+    }
+
+    const {
+      workspaceId,
+      type,
+      displayName,
+      description,
+      providerId,
+      accountId,
+      envKey,
+      envOwnerUserId,
+    } = parseResult.data
+
+    const workspaceAccess = await checkWorkspaceAccess(workspaceId, session.user.id)
+    if (!workspaceAccess.canWrite) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Write permission required' }, { status: 403 })
+    }
+
+    let resolvedDisplayName = displayName?.trim() ?? ''
+    const resolvedDescription = description?.trim() || null
+    let resolvedProviderId: string | null = providerId ?? null
+    let resolvedAccountId: string | null = accountId ?? null
+    const resolvedEnvKey: string | null = envKey ? normalizeEnvKeyInput(envKey) : null
+    let resolvedEnvOwnerUserId: string | null = null
+
+    if (type === 'oauth') {
+      const [accountRow] = await db
+        .select({
+          id: account.id,
+          userId: account.userId,
+          providerId: account.providerId,
+          accountId: account.accountId,
+        })
+        .from(account)
+        .where(eq(account.id, accountId!))
+        .limit(1)
+
+      if (!accountRow) {
+        return NextResponse.json({ error: 'OAuth account not found' }, { status: 404 })
+      }
+
+      if (accountRow.userId !== session.user.id) {
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          { error: 'Only account owners can create oauth credentials for an account' },
+          { status: 403 }
+        )
+      }
+
+      if (providerId !== accountRow.providerId) {
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          { error: 'providerId does not match the selected OAuth account' },
+          { status: 400 }
+        )
+      }
+      if (!resolvedDisplayName) {
+        resolvedDisplayName =
+          getServiceConfigByProviderId(accountRow.providerId)?.name || accountRow.providerId
+      }
+    } else if (type === 'env_personal') {
+      resolvedEnvOwnerUserId = envOwnerUserId ?? session.user.id
+      if (resolvedEnvOwnerUserId !== session.user.id) {
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          { error: 'Only the current user can create personal env credentials for themselves' },
+          { status: 403 }
+        )
+      }
+      resolvedProviderId = null
+      resolvedAccountId = null
+      resolvedDisplayName = resolvedEnvKey || ''
+    } else {
+      resolvedProviderId = null
+      resolvedAccountId = null
+      resolvedEnvOwnerUserId = null
+      resolvedDisplayName = resolvedEnvKey || ''
+    }
+
+    if (!resolvedDisplayName) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Display name is required' }, { status: 400 })
+    }
+
+    const existingCredential = await findExistingCredentialBySource({
+      workspaceId,
+      type,
+      accountId: resolvedAccountId,
+      envKey: resolvedEnvKey,
+      envOwnerUserId: resolvedEnvOwnerUserId,
+    })
+
+    if (existingCredential) {
+      const [membership] = await db
+        .select({
+          id: credentialMember.id,
+          status: credentialMember.status,
+          role: credentialMember.role,
+        })
+        .from(credentialMember)
+        .where(
+          and(
+            eq(credentialMember.credentialId, existingCredential.id),
+            eq(credentialMember.userId, session.user.id)
+          )
+        )
+        .limit(1)
+
+      if (!membership || membership.status !== 'active') {
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          { error: 'A credential with this source already exists in this workspace' },
+          { status: 409 }
+        )
+      }
+
+      const canUpdateExistingCredential = membership.role === 'admin'
+      const shouldUpdateDisplayName =
+        type === 'oauth' &&
+        resolvedDisplayName &&
+        resolvedDisplayName !== existingCredential.displayName
+      const shouldUpdateDescription =
+        typeof description !== 'undefined' &&
+        (existingCredential.description ?? null) !== resolvedDescription
+
+      if (canUpdateExistingCredential && (shouldUpdateDisplayName || shouldUpdateDescription)) {
+        await db
+          .update(credential)
+          .set({
+            ...(shouldUpdateDisplayName ? { displayName: resolvedDisplayName } : {}),
+            ...(shouldUpdateDescription ? { description: resolvedDescription } : {}),
+            updatedAt: new Date(),
+          })
+          .where(eq(credential.id, existingCredential.id))
+
+        const [updatedCredential] = await db
+          .select()
+          .from(credential)
+          .where(eq(credential.id, existingCredential.id))
+          .limit(1)
+
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          { credential: updatedCredential ?? existingCredential },
+          { status: 200 }
+        )
+      }
+
+      return NextResponse.json({ credential: existingCredential }, { status: 200 })
+    }
+
+    const now = new Date()
+    const credentialId = crypto.randomUUID()
+    const [workspaceRow] = await db
+      .select({ ownerId: workspace.ownerId })
+      .from(workspace)
+      .where(eq(workspace.id, workspaceId))
+      .limit(1)
+
+    await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
+      await tx.insert(credential).values({
+        id: credentialId,
+        workspaceId,
+        type,
+        displayName: resolvedDisplayName,
+        description: resolvedDescription,
+        providerId: resolvedProviderId,
+        accountId: resolvedAccountId,
+        envKey: resolvedEnvKey,
+        envOwnerUserId: resolvedEnvOwnerUserId,
+        createdBy: session.user.id,
+        createdAt: now,
+        updatedAt: now,
+      })
+
+      if (type === 'env_workspace' && workspaceRow?.ownerId) {
+        const workspaceUserIds = await getWorkspaceMemberUserIds(workspaceId)
+        if (workspaceUserIds.length > 0) {
+          for (const memberUserId of workspaceUserIds) {
+            await tx.insert(credentialMember).values({
+              id: crypto.randomUUID(),
+              credentialId,
+              userId: memberUserId,
+              role: memberUserId === workspaceRow.ownerId ? 'admin' : 'member',
+              status: 'active',
+              joinedAt: now,
+              invitedBy: session.user.id,
+              createdAt: now,
+              updatedAt: now,
+            })
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        await tx.insert(credentialMember).values({
+          id: crypto.randomUUID(),
+          credentialId,
+          userId: session.user.id,
+          role: 'admin',
+          status: 'active',
+          joinedAt: now,
+          invitedBy: session.user.id,
+          createdAt: now,
+          updatedAt: now,
+        })
+      }
+    })
+
+    const [created] = await db
+      .select()
+      .from(credential)
+      .where(eq(credential.id, credentialId))
+      .limit(1)
+
+    return NextResponse.json({ credential: created }, { status: 201 })
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    if (error?.code === '23505') {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { error: 'A credential with this source already exists' },
+        { status: 409 }
+      )
+    }
+    if (error?.code === '23503') {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { error: 'Invalid credential reference or membership target' },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+    if (error?.code === '23514') {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { error: 'Credential source data failed validation checks' },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+    logger.error(`[${requestId}] Credential create failure details`, {
+      code: error?.code,
+      detail: error?.detail,
+      constraint: error?.constraint,
+      table: error?.table,
+      message: error?.message,
+    })
+    logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to create credential`, error)
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Internal server error' }, { status: 500 })
+  }
+}

apps/sim/app/api/environment/route.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { z } from 'zod'
 import { getSession } from '@/lib/auth'
 import { decryptSecret, encryptSecret } from '@/lib/core/security/encryption'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { syncPersonalEnvCredentialsForUser } from '@/lib/credentials/environment'
 import type { EnvironmentVariable } from '@/stores/settings/environment'
 
 const logger = createLogger('EnvironmentAPI')
@@ -53,6 +54,11 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest) {
           },
         })
 
+      await syncPersonalEnvCredentialsForUser({
+        userId: session.user.id,
+        envKeys: Object.keys(variables),
+      })
+
       return NextResponse.json({ success: true })
     } catch (validationError) {
       if (validationError instanceof z.ZodError) {

apps/sim/app/api/organizations/[id]/invitations/[invitationId]/route.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
   user,
   userStats,
   type WorkspaceInvitationStatus,
+  workspaceEnvironment,
   workspaceInvitation,
 } from '@sim/db/schema'
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import { hasAccessControlAccess } from '@/lib/billing'
 import { syncUsageLimitsFromSubscription } from '@/lib/billing/core/usage'
 import { requireStripeClient } from '@/lib/billing/stripe-client'
 import { getBaseUrl } from '@/lib/core/utils/urls'
+import { syncWorkspaceEnvCredentials } from '@/lib/credentials/environment'
 import { sendEmail } from '@/lib/messaging/email/mailer'
 
 const logger = createLogger('OrganizationInvitation')
@@ -495,6 +497,34 @@ export async function PUT(
       }
     })
 
+    if (status === 'accepted') {
+      const acceptedWsInvitations = await db
+        .select({ workspaceId: workspaceInvitation.workspaceId })
+        .from(workspaceInvitation)
+        .where(
+          and(
+            eq(workspaceInvitation.orgInvitationId, invitationId),
+            eq(workspaceInvitation.status, 'accepted' as WorkspaceInvitationStatus)
+          )
+        )
+
+      for (const wsInv of acceptedWsInvitations) {
+        const [wsEnvRow] = await db
+          .select({ variables: workspaceEnvironment.variables })
+          .from(workspaceEnvironment)
+          .where(eq(workspaceEnvironment.workspaceId, wsInv.workspaceId))
+          .limit(1)
+        const wsEnvKeys = Object.keys((wsEnvRow?.variables as Record<string, string>) || {})
+        if (wsEnvKeys.length > 0) {
+          await syncWorkspaceEnvCredentials({
+            workspaceId: wsInv.workspaceId,
+            envKeys: wsEnvKeys,
+            actingUserId: session.user.id,
+          })
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
     // Handle Pro subscription cancellation after transaction commits
     if (personalProToCancel) {
       try {

apps/sim/app/api/v1/admin/workspaces/[id]/members/route.ts

@@ -32,9 +32,10 @@
 
 import crypto from 'crypto'
 import { db } from '@sim/db'
-import { permissions, user, workspace } from '@sim/db/schema'
+import { permissions, user, workspace, workspaceEnvironment } from '@sim/db/schema'
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { and, count, eq } from 'drizzle-orm'
+import { syncWorkspaceEnvCredentials } from '@/lib/credentials/environment'
 import { withAdminAuthParams } from '@/app/api/v1/admin/middleware'
 import {
   badRequestResponse,
@@ -232,6 +233,20 @@ export const POST = withAdminAuthParams<RouteParams>(async (request, context) =>
       permissionId,
     })
 
+    const [wsEnvRow] = await db
+      .select({ variables: workspaceEnvironment.variables })
+      .from(workspaceEnvironment)
+      .where(eq(workspaceEnvironment.workspaceId, workspaceId))
+      .limit(1)
+    const wsEnvKeys = Object.keys((wsEnvRow?.variables as Record<string, string>) || {})
+    if (wsEnvKeys.length > 0) {
+      await syncWorkspaceEnvCredentials({
+        workspaceId,
+        envKeys: wsEnvKeys,
+        actingUserId: body.userId,
+      })
+    }
+
     return singleResponse({
       id: permissionId,
       workspaceId,

apps/sim/app/api/wand/route.ts

@@ -238,11 +238,6 @@ Use this context to calculate relative dates like "yesterday", "last week", "beg
       finalSystemPrompt += currentTimeContext
     }
 
-    if (generationType === 'cron-expression') {
-      finalSystemPrompt +=
-        '\n\nIMPORTANT: Return ONLY the raw cron expression (e.g., "0 9 * * 1-5"). Do NOT wrap it in markdown code blocks, backticks, or quotes. Do NOT include any explanation or text before or after the expression.'
-    }
-
     if (generationType === 'json-object') {
       finalSystemPrompt +=
         '\n\nIMPORTANT: Return ONLY the raw JSON object. Do NOT wrap it in markdown code blocks (no ```json or ```). Do NOT include any explanation or text before or after the JSON. The response must start with { and end with }.'

apps/sim/app/api/workflows/[id]/execute/route.ts

@@ -536,6 +536,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
           useDraftState: shouldUseDraftState,
           startTime: new Date().toISOString(),
           isClientSession,
+          enforceCredentialAccess: useAuthenticatedUserAsActor,
           workflowStateOverride: effectiveWorkflowStateOverride,
         }
 
@@ -885,6 +886,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
             useDraftState: shouldUseDraftState,
             startTime: new Date().toISOString(),
             isClientSession,
+            enforceCredentialAccess: useAuthenticatedUserAsActor,
             workflowStateOverride: effectiveWorkflowStateOverride,
           }
 

apps/sim/app/api/workspaces/[id]/environment/route.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 import { db } from '@sim/db'
-import { environment, workspaceEnvironment } from '@sim/db/schema'
+import { workspaceEnvironment } from '@sim/db/schema'
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { getSession } from '@/lib/auth'
-import { decryptSecret, encryptSecret } from '@/lib/core/security/encryption'
+import { encryptSecret } from '@/lib/core/security/encryption'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { syncWorkspaceEnvCredentials } from '@/lib/credentials/environment'
+import { getPersonalAndWorkspaceEnv } from '@/lib/environment/utils'
 import { getUserEntityPermissions, getWorkspaceById } from '@/lib/workspaces/permissions/utils'
 
 const logger = createLogger('WorkspaceEnvironmentAPI')
@@ -44,44 +46,10 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{
       return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 401 })
     }
 
-    // Workspace env (encrypted)
+    const { workspaceDecrypted, personalDecrypted, conflicts } = await getPersonalAndWorkspaceEnv(
-    const wsEnvRow = await db
+      userId,
-      .select()
+      workspaceId
-      .from(workspaceEnvironment)
+    )
-      .where(eq(workspaceEnvironment.workspaceId, workspaceId))
-      .limit(1)
-
-    const wsEncrypted: Record<string, string> = (wsEnvRow[0]?.variables as any) || {}
-
-    // Personal env (encrypted)
-    const personalRow = await db
-      .select()
-      .from(environment)
-      .where(eq(environment.userId, userId))
-      .limit(1)
-
-    const personalEncrypted: Record<string, string> = (personalRow[0]?.variables as any) || {}
-
-    // Decrypt both for UI
-    const decryptAll = async (src: Record<string, string>) => {
-      const out: Record<string, string> = {}
-      for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(src)) {
-        try {
-          const { decrypted } = await decryptSecret(v)
-          out[k] = decrypted
-        } catch {
-          out[k] = ''
-        }
-      }
-      return out
-    }
-
-    const [workspaceDecrypted, personalDecrypted] = await Promise.all([
-      decryptAll(wsEncrypted),
-      decryptAll(personalEncrypted),
-    ])
-
-    const conflicts = Object.keys(personalDecrypted).filter((k) => k in workspaceDecrypted)
 
     return NextResponse.json(
       {
@@ -156,6 +124,12 @@ export async function PUT(request: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{
         set: { variables: merged, updatedAt: new Date() },
       })
 
+    await syncWorkspaceEnvCredentials({
+      workspaceId,
+      envKeys: Object.keys(merged),
+      actingUserId: userId,
+    })
+
     return NextResponse.json({ success: true })
   } catch (error: any) {
     logger.error(`[${requestId}] Workspace env PUT error`, error)
@@ -222,6 +196,12 @@ export async function DELETE(
         set: { variables: current, updatedAt: new Date() },
       })
 
+    await syncWorkspaceEnvCredentials({
+      workspaceId,
+      envKeys: Object.keys(current),
+      actingUserId: userId,
+    })
+
     return NextResponse.json({ success: true })
   } catch (error: any) {
     logger.error(`[${requestId}] Workspace env DELETE error`, error)

apps/sim/app/api/workspaces/[id]/permissions/route.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import crypto from 'crypto'
 import { db } from '@sim/db'
-import { permissions, workspace } from '@sim/db/schema'
+import { permissions, workspace, workspaceEnvironment } from '@sim/db/schema'
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { and, eq } from 'drizzle-orm'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { getSession } from '@/lib/auth'
+import { syncWorkspaceEnvCredentials } from '@/lib/credentials/environment'
 import {
   getUsersWithPermissions,
   hasWorkspaceAdminAccess,
@@ -154,6 +155,20 @@ export async function PATCH(request: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<
       }
     })
 
+    const [wsEnvRow] = await db
+      .select({ variables: workspaceEnvironment.variables })
+      .from(workspaceEnvironment)
+      .where(eq(workspaceEnvironment.workspaceId, workspaceId))
+      .limit(1)
+    const wsEnvKeys = Object.keys((wsEnvRow?.variables as Record<string, string>) || {})
+    if (wsEnvKeys.length > 0) {
+      await syncWorkspaceEnvCredentials({
+        workspaceId,
+        envKeys: wsEnvKeys,
+        actingUserId: session.user.id,
+      })
+    }
+
     const updatedUsers = await getUsersWithPermissions(workspaceId)
 
     return NextResponse.json({

apps/sim/app/api/workspaces/invitations/[invitationId]/route.test.ts

@@ -8,15 +8,27 @@ const mockHasWorkspaceAdminAccess = vi.fn()
 let dbSelectResults: any[] = []
 let dbSelectCallIndex = 0
 
-const mockDbSelect = vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => ({
+const mockDbSelect = vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => {
-  from: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+  const makeThen = () =>
-  where: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+    vi.fn().mockImplementation((callback: (rows: any[]) => any) => {
-  then: vi.fn().mockImplementation((callback: (rows: any[]) => any) => {
+      const result = dbSelectResults[dbSelectCallIndex] || []
-    const result = dbSelectResults[dbSelectCallIndex] || []
+      dbSelectCallIndex++
-    dbSelectCallIndex++
+      return Promise.resolve(callback ? callback(result) : result)
-    return Promise.resolve(callback ? callback(result) : result)
+    })
-  }),
+  const makeLimit = () =>
-}))
+    vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => {
+      const result = dbSelectResults[dbSelectCallIndex] || []
+      dbSelectCallIndex++
+      return Promise.resolve(result)
+    })
+
+  const chain: any = {}
+  chain.from = vi.fn().mockReturnValue(chain)
+  chain.where = vi.fn().mockReturnValue(chain)
+  chain.limit = makeLimit()
+  chain.then = makeThen()
+  return chain
+})
 
 const mockDbInsert = vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => ({
   values: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
@@ -53,6 +65,10 @@ vi.mock('@/lib/workspaces/permissions/utils', () => ({
     mockHasWorkspaceAdminAccess(userId, workspaceId),
 }))
 
+vi.mock('@/lib/credentials/environment', () => ({
+  syncWorkspaceEnvCredentials: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+}))
+
 vi.mock('@sim/logger', () => loggerMock)
 
 vi.mock('@/lib/core/utils/urls', () => ({
@@ -95,6 +111,10 @@ vi.mock('@sim/db/schema', () => ({
     userId: 'userId',
     permissionType: 'permissionType',
   },
+  workspaceEnvironment: {
+    workspaceId: 'workspaceId',
+    variables: 'variables',
+  },
 }))
 
 vi.mock('drizzle-orm', () => ({
@@ -207,6 +227,7 @@ describe('Workspace Invitation [invitationId] API Route', () => {
         [mockWorkspace],
         [{ ...mockUser, email: 'invited@example.com' }],
         [],
+        [],
       ]
 
       const request = new NextRequest(
@@ -460,6 +481,7 @@ describe('Workspace Invitation [invitationId] API Route', () => {
         [mockWorkspace],
         [{ ...mockUser, email: 'invited@example.com' }],
         [],
+        [],
       ]
 
       const request2 = new NextRequest(

apps/sim/app/api/workspaces/invitations/[invitationId]/route.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   user,
   type WorkspaceInvitationStatus,
   workspace,
+  workspaceEnvironment,
   workspaceInvitation,
 } from '@sim/db/schema'
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { WorkspaceInvitationEmail } from '@/components/emails'
 import { getSession } from '@/lib/auth'
 import { getBaseUrl } from '@/lib/core/utils/urls'
+import { syncWorkspaceEnvCredentials } from '@/lib/credentials/environment'
 import { sendEmail } from '@/lib/messaging/email/mailer'
 import { getFromEmailAddress } from '@/lib/messaging/email/utils'
 import { hasWorkspaceAdminAccess } from '@/lib/workspaces/permissions/utils'
@@ -162,6 +164,20 @@ export async function GET(
           .where(eq(workspaceInvitation.id, invitation.id))
       })
 
+      const [wsEnvRow] = await db
+        .select({ variables: workspaceEnvironment.variables })
+        .from(workspaceEnvironment)
+        .where(eq(workspaceEnvironment.workspaceId, invitation.workspaceId))
+        .limit(1)
+      const wsEnvKeys = Object.keys((wsEnvRow?.variables as Record<string, string>) || {})
+      if (wsEnvKeys.length > 0) {
+        await syncWorkspaceEnvCredentials({
+          workspaceId: invitation.workspaceId,
+          envKeys: wsEnvKeys,
+          actingUserId: session.user.id,
+        })
+      }
+
       return NextResponse.redirect(new URL(`/workspace/${invitation.workspaceId}/w`, getBaseUrl()))
     }
 

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/credential-selector/components/oauth-required-modal.tsx

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ export interface OAuthRequiredModalProps {
   requiredScopes?: string[]
   serviceId: string
   newScopes?: string[]
+  onConnect?: () => Promise<void> | void
 }
 
 const SCOPE_DESCRIPTIONS: Record<string, string> = {
@@ -314,6 +315,7 @@ export function OAuthRequiredModal({
   requiredScopes = [],
   serviceId,
   newScopes = [],
+  onConnect,
 }: OAuthRequiredModalProps) {
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null)
   const { baseProvider } = parseProvider(provider)
@@ -359,6 +361,12 @@ export function OAuthRequiredModal({
     setError(null)
 
     try {
+      if (onConnect) {
+        await onConnect()
+        onClose()
+        return
+      }
+
       const providerId = getProviderIdFromServiceId(serviceId)
 
       logger.info('Linking OAuth2:', {

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/credential-selector/credential-selector.tsx

@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 import { createElement, useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react'
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { ExternalLink, Users } from 'lucide-react'
+import { useParams } from 'next/navigation'
 import { Button, Combobox } from '@/components/emcn/components'
 import { getSubscriptionStatus } from '@/lib/billing/client'
 import { getEnv, isTruthy } from '@/lib/core/config/env'
 import { getPollingProviderFromOAuth } from '@/lib/credential-sets/providers'
+import { writePendingCredentialCreateRequest } from '@/lib/credentials/client-state'
 import {
   getCanonicalScopesForProvider,
   getProviderIdFromServiceId,
@@ -18,9 +20,9 @@ import { OAuthRequiredModal } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]
 import { useDependsOnGate } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-depends-on-gate'
 import { useSubBlockValue } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-sub-block-value'
 import type { SubBlockConfig } from '@/blocks/types'
-import { CREDENTIAL, CREDENTIAL_SET } from '@/executor/constants'
+import { CREDENTIAL_SET } from '@/executor/constants'
 import { useCredentialSets } from '@/hooks/queries/credential-sets'
-import { useOAuthCredentialDetail, useOAuthCredentials } from '@/hooks/queries/oauth-credentials'
+import { useOAuthCredentials } from '@/hooks/queries/oauth-credentials'
 import { useOrganizations } from '@/hooks/queries/organization'
 import { useSubscriptionData } from '@/hooks/queries/subscription'
 import { getMissingRequiredScopes } from '@/hooks/use-oauth-scope-status'
@@ -46,6 +48,8 @@ export function CredentialSelector({
   previewValue,
   previewContextValues,
 }: CredentialSelectorProps) {
+  const params = useParams()
+  const workspaceId = (params?.workspaceId as string) || ''
   const [showOAuthModal, setShowOAuthModal] = useState(false)
   const [editingValue, setEditingValue] = useState('')
   const [isEditing, setIsEditing] = useState(false)
@@ -96,64 +100,70 @@ export function CredentialSelector({
     data: credentials = [],
     isFetching: credentialsLoading,
     refetch: refetchCredentials,
-  } = useOAuthCredentials(effectiveProviderId, Boolean(effectiveProviderId))
+  } = useOAuthCredentials(effectiveProviderId, {
+    enabled: Boolean(effectiveProviderId),
+    workspaceId,
+    workflowId: activeWorkflowId || undefined,
+  })
 
   const selectedCredential = useMemo(
     () => credentials.find((cred) => cred.id === selectedId),
     [credentials, selectedId]
   )
 
-  const shouldFetchForeignMeta =
-    Boolean(selectedId) &&
-    !selectedCredential &&
-    Boolean(activeWorkflowId) &&
-    Boolean(effectiveProviderId)
-
-  const { data: foreignCredentials = [], isFetching: foreignMetaLoading } =
-    useOAuthCredentialDetail(
-      shouldFetchForeignMeta ? selectedId : undefined,
-      activeWorkflowId || undefined,
-      shouldFetchForeignMeta
-    )
-
-  const hasForeignMeta = foreignCredentials.length > 0
-  const isForeign = Boolean(selectedId && !selectedCredential && hasForeignMeta)
-
   const selectedCredentialSet = useMemo(
     () => credentialSets.find((cs) => cs.id === selectedCredentialSetId),
     [credentialSets, selectedCredentialSetId]
   )
 
-  const isForeignCredentialSet = Boolean(isCredentialSetSelected && !selectedCredentialSet)
+  const [inaccessibleCredentialName, setInaccessibleCredentialName] = useState<string | null>(null)
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!selectedId || selectedCredential || credentialsLoading || !workspaceId) {
+      setInaccessibleCredentialName(null)
+      return
+    }
+
+    let cancelled = false
+    ;(async () => {
+      try {
+        const response = await fetch(
+          `/api/credentials?workspaceId=${encodeURIComponent(workspaceId)}&credentialId=${encodeURIComponent(selectedId)}`
+        )
+        if (!response.ok || cancelled) return
+        const data = await response.json()
+        if (!cancelled && data.credential?.displayName) {
+          if (data.credential.id !== selectedId) {
+            setStoreValue(data.credential.id)
+          }
+          setInaccessibleCredentialName(data.credential.displayName)
+        }
+      } catch {
+        // Ignore fetch errors
+      }
+    })()
+
+    return () => {
+      cancelled = true
+    }
+  }, [selectedId, selectedCredential, credentialsLoading, workspaceId])
 
   const resolvedLabel = useMemo(() => {
     if (selectedCredentialSet) return selectedCredentialSet.name
-    if (isForeignCredentialSet) return CREDENTIAL.FOREIGN_LABEL
     if (selectedCredential) return selectedCredential.name
-    if (isForeign) return CREDENTIAL.FOREIGN_LABEL
+    if (inaccessibleCredentialName) return inaccessibleCredentialName
     return ''
-  }, [selectedCredentialSet, isForeignCredentialSet, selectedCredential, isForeign])
+  }, [
+    selectedCredentialSet,
+    selectedCredential,
+    inaccessibleCredentialName,
+    selectedId,
+    credentialsLoading,
+  ])
 
   const displayValue = isEditing ? editingValue : resolvedLabel
 
-  const invalidSelection =
+  useCredentialRefreshTriggers(refetchCredentials, effectiveProviderId, workspaceId)
-    !isPreview &&
-    Boolean(selectedId) &&
-    !selectedCredential &&
-    !hasForeignMeta &&
-    !credentialsLoading &&
-    !foreignMetaLoading
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (!invalidSelection) return
-    logger.info('Clearing invalid credential selection - credential was disconnected', {
-      selectedId,
-      provider: effectiveProviderId,
-    })
-    setStoreValue('')
-  }, [invalidSelection, selectedId, effectiveProviderId, setStoreValue])
-
-  useCredentialRefreshTriggers(refetchCredentials)
 
   const handleOpenChange = useCallback(
     (isOpen: boolean) => {
@@ -195,8 +205,18 @@ export function CredentialSelector({
   )
 
   const handleAddCredential = useCallback(() => {
-    setShowOAuthModal(true)
+    writePendingCredentialCreateRequest({
-  }, [])
+      workspaceId,
+      type: 'oauth',
+      providerId: effectiveProviderId,
+      displayName: '',
+      serviceId,
+      requiredScopes: getCanonicalScopesForProvider(effectiveProviderId),
+      requestedAt: Date.now(),
+    })
+
+    window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('open-settings', { detail: { tab: 'credentials' } }))
+  }, [workspaceId, effectiveProviderId, serviceId])
 
   const getProviderIcon = useCallback((providerName: OAuthProvider) => {
     const { baseProvider } = parseProvider(providerName)
@@ -251,23 +271,18 @@ export function CredentialSelector({
         label: cred.name,
         value: cred.id,
       }))
+      credentialItems.push({
+        label:
+          credentials.length > 0
+            ? `Connect another ${getProviderName(provider)} account`
+            : `Connect ${getProviderName(provider)} account`,
+        value: '__connect_account__',
+      })
 
-      if (credentialItems.length > 0) {
+      groups.push({
-        groups.push({
+        section: 'Personal Credential',
-          section: 'Personal Credential',
+        items: credentialItems,
-          items: credentialItems,
+      })
-        })
-      } else {
-        groups.push({
-          section: 'Personal Credential',
-          items: [
-            {
-              label: `Connect ${getProviderName(provider)} account`,
-              value: '__connect_account__',
-            },
-          ],
-        })
-      }
 
       return { comboboxOptions: [], comboboxGroups: groups }
     }
@@ -277,12 +292,13 @@ export function CredentialSelector({
       value: cred.id,
     }))
 
-    if (credentials.length === 0) {
+    options.push({
-      options.push({
+      label:
-        label: `Connect ${getProviderName(provider)} account`,
+        credentials.length > 0
-        value: '__connect_account__',
+          ? `Connect another ${getProviderName(provider)} account`
-      })
+          : `Connect ${getProviderName(provider)} account`,
-    }
+      value: '__connect_account__',
+    })
 
     return { comboboxOptions: options, comboboxGroups: undefined }
   }, [
@@ -368,7 +384,7 @@ export function CredentialSelector({
         }
         disabled={effectiveDisabled}
         editable={true}
-        filterOptions={!isForeign && !isForeignCredentialSet}
+        filterOptions={true}
         isLoading={credentialsLoading}
         overlayContent={overlayContent}
         className={selectedId || isCredentialSetSelected ? 'pl-[28px]' : ''}
@@ -380,15 +396,13 @@ export function CredentialSelector({
             <span className='mr-[6px] inline-block h-[6px] w-[6px] rounded-[2px] bg-amber-500' />
             Additional permissions required
           </div>
-          {!isForeign && (
+          <Button
-            <Button
+            variant='active'
-              variant='active'
+            onClick={() => setShowOAuthModal(true)}
-              onClick={() => setShowOAuthModal(true)}
+            className='w-full px-[8px] py-[4px] font-medium text-[12px]'
-              className='w-full px-[8px] py-[4px] font-medium text-[12px]'
+          >
-            >
+            Update access
-              Update access
+          </Button>
-            </Button>
-          )}
         </div>
       )}
 
@@ -407,7 +421,11 @@ export function CredentialSelector({
   )
 }
 
-function useCredentialRefreshTriggers(refetchCredentials: () => Promise<unknown>) {
+function useCredentialRefreshTriggers(
+  refetchCredentials: () => Promise<unknown>,
+  providerId: string,
+  workspaceId: string
+) {
   useEffect(() => {
     const refresh = () => {
       void refetchCredentials()
@@ -425,12 +443,29 @@ function useCredentialRefreshTriggers(refetchCredentials: () => Promise<unknown>
       }
     }
 
+    const handleCredentialsUpdated = (
+      event: CustomEvent<{ providerId?: string; workspaceId?: string }>
+    ) => {
+      if (event.detail?.providerId && event.detail.providerId !== providerId) {
+        return
+      }
+      if (event.detail?.workspaceId && workspaceId && event.detail.workspaceId !== workspaceId) {
+        return
+      }
+      refresh()
+    }
+
     document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', handleVisibilityChange)
     window.addEventListener('pageshow', handlePageShow)
+    window.addEventListener('oauth-credentials-updated', handleCredentialsUpdated as EventListener)
 
     return () => {
       document.removeEventListener('visibilitychange', handleVisibilityChange)
       window.removeEventListener('pageshow', handlePageShow)
+      window.removeEventListener(
+        'oauth-credentials-updated',
+        handleCredentialsUpdated as EventListener
+      )
     }
-  }, [refetchCredentials])
+  }, [providerId, workspaceId, refetchCredentials])
 }

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/env-var-dropdown.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   PopoverSection,
 } from '@/components/emcn'
 import { cn } from '@/lib/core/utils/cn'
+import { writePendingCredentialCreateRequest } from '@/lib/credentials/client-state'
 import {
   usePersonalEnvironment,
   useWorkspaceEnvironment,
@@ -168,7 +169,15 @@ export const EnvVarDropdown: React.FC<EnvVarDropdownProps> = ({
   }, [searchTerm])
 
   const openEnvironmentSettings = () => {
-    window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('open-settings', { detail: { tab: 'environment' } }))
+    if (workspaceId) {
+      writePendingCredentialCreateRequest({
+        workspaceId,
+        type: 'env_personal',
+        envKey: searchTerm.trim(),
+        requestedAt: Date.now(),
+      })
+    }
+    window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('open-settings', { detail: { tab: 'credentials' } }))
     onClose?.()
   }
 
@@ -302,7 +311,7 @@ export const EnvVarDropdown: React.FC<EnvVarDropdownProps> = ({
               }}
             >
               <Plus className='h-3 w-3' />
-              <span>Create environment variable</span>
+              <span>Create Secret</span>
             </PopoverItem>
           </PopoverScrollArea>
         ) : (

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/file-selector/file-selector-input.tsx

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import { getProviderIdFromServiceId } from '@/lib/oauth'
 import { buildCanonicalIndex, resolveDependencyValue } from '@/lib/workflows/subblocks/visibility'
 import { SelectorCombobox } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/selector-combobox/selector-combobox'
 import { useDependsOnGate } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-depends-on-gate'
-import { useForeignCredential } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-foreign-credential'
 import { useSubBlockValue } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-sub-block-value'
 import { resolvePreviewContextValue } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/utils'
 import { getBlock } from '@/blocks/registry'
@@ -125,8 +124,6 @@ export function FileSelectorInput({
   const serviceId = subBlock.serviceId || ''
   const effectiveProviderId = useMemo(() => getProviderIdFromServiceId(serviceId), [serviceId])
 
-  const { isForeignCredential } = useForeignCredential(effectiveProviderId, normalizedCredentialId)
-
   const selectorResolution = useMemo<SelectorResolution | null>(() => {
     return resolveSelectorForSubBlock(subBlock, {
       workflowId: workflowIdFromUrl,
@@ -168,7 +165,6 @@ export function FileSelectorInput({
 
   const disabledReason =
     finalDisabled ||
-    isForeignCredential ||
     missingCredential ||
     missingDomain ||
     missingProject ||

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/folder-selector/components/folder-selector-input.tsx

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react'
 import { getProviderIdFromServiceId } from '@/lib/oauth'
 import { SelectorCombobox } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/selector-combobox/selector-combobox'
 import { useDependsOnGate } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-depends-on-gate'
-import { useForeignCredential } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-foreign-credential'
 import { useSubBlockValue } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-sub-block-value'
 import { resolvePreviewContextValue } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/utils'
 import type { SubBlockConfig } from '@/blocks/types'
@@ -47,10 +46,6 @@ export function FolderSelectorInput({
     subBlock.canonicalParamId === 'copyDestinationId' ||
     subBlock.id === 'copyDestinationFolder' ||
     subBlock.id === 'manualCopyDestinationFolder'
-  const { isForeignCredential } = useForeignCredential(
-    effectiveProviderId,
-    (connectedCredential as string) || ''
-  )
 
   // Central dependsOn gating
   const { finalDisabled } = useDependsOnGate(blockId, subBlock, {
@@ -119,9 +114,7 @@ export function FolderSelectorInput({
       selectorContext={
         selectorResolution?.context ?? { credentialId, workflowId: activeWorkflowId || '' }
       }
-      disabled={
+      disabled={finalDisabled || missingCredential || !selectorResolution?.key}
-        finalDisabled || isForeignCredential || missingCredential || !selectorResolution?.key
-      }
       isPreview={isPreview}
       previewValue={previewValue ?? null}
       placeholder={subBlock.placeholder || 'Select folder'}

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/project-selector/project-selector-input.tsx

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import { getProviderIdFromServiceId } from '@/lib/oauth'
 import { buildCanonicalIndex, resolveDependencyValue } from '@/lib/workflows/subblocks/visibility'
 import { SelectorCombobox } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/selector-combobox/selector-combobox'
 import { useDependsOnGate } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-depends-on-gate'
-import { useForeignCredential } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-foreign-credential'
 import { useSubBlockValue } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-sub-block-value'
 import { resolvePreviewContextValue } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/utils'
 import { getBlock } from '@/blocks/registry'
@@ -73,11 +72,6 @@ export function ProjectSelectorInput({
 
   const serviceId = subBlock.serviceId || ''
   const effectiveProviderId = useMemo(() => getProviderIdFromServiceId(serviceId), [serviceId])
-
-  const { isForeignCredential } = useForeignCredential(
-    effectiveProviderId,
-    (connectedCredential as string) || ''
-  )
   const workflowIdFromUrl = (params?.workflowId as string) || activeWorkflowId || ''
   const { finalDisabled } = useDependsOnGate(blockId, subBlock, {
     disabled,
@@ -123,7 +117,7 @@ export function ProjectSelectorInput({
               subBlock={subBlock}
               selectorKey={selectorResolution.key}
               selectorContext={selectorResolution.context}
-              disabled={finalDisabled || isForeignCredential || missingCredential}
+              disabled={finalDisabled || missingCredential}
               isPreview={isPreview}
               previewValue={previewValue ?? null}
               placeholder={subBlock.placeholder || 'Select project'}

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/sheet-selector/sheet-selector-input.tsx

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import { getProviderIdFromServiceId } from '@/lib/oauth'
 import { buildCanonicalIndex, resolveDependencyValue } from '@/lib/workflows/subblocks/visibility'
 import { SelectorCombobox } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/selector-combobox/selector-combobox'
 import { useDependsOnGate } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-depends-on-gate'
-import { useForeignCredential } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-foreign-credential'
 import { resolvePreviewContextValue } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/utils'
 import { getBlock } from '@/blocks/registry'
 import type { SubBlockConfig } from '@/blocks/types'
@@ -87,8 +86,6 @@ export function SheetSelectorInput({
   const serviceId = subBlock.serviceId || ''
   const effectiveProviderId = useMemo(() => getProviderIdFromServiceId(serviceId), [serviceId])
 
-  const { isForeignCredential } = useForeignCredential(effectiveProviderId, normalizedCredentialId)
-
   const selectorResolution = useMemo<SelectorResolution | null>(() => {
     return resolveSelectorForSubBlock(subBlock, {
       workflowId: workflowIdFromUrl,
@@ -101,11 +98,7 @@ export function SheetSelectorInput({
   const missingSpreadsheet = !normalizedSpreadsheetId
 
   const disabledReason =
-    finalDisabled ||
+    finalDisabled || missingCredential || missingSpreadsheet || !selectorResolution?.key
-    isForeignCredential ||
-    missingCredential ||
-    missingSpreadsheet ||
-    !selectorResolution?.key
 
   if (!selectorResolution?.key) {
     return (

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/slack-selector/slack-selector-input.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import { Tooltip } from '@/components/emcn'
 import { getProviderIdFromServiceId } from '@/lib/oauth'
 import { SelectorCombobox } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/selector-combobox/selector-combobox'
 import { useDependsOnGate } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-depends-on-gate'
-import { useForeignCredential } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-foreign-credential'
 import { useSubBlockValue } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-sub-block-value'
 import { resolvePreviewContextValue } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/utils'
 import type { SubBlockConfig } from '@/blocks/types'
@@ -85,11 +84,6 @@ export function SlackSelectorInput({
       ? (effectiveBotToken as string) || ''
       : (effectiveCredential as string) || ''
 
-  const { isForeignCredential } = useForeignCredential(
-    effectiveProviderId,
-    (effectiveAuthMethod as string) === 'bot_token' ? '' : (effectiveCredential as string) || ''
-  )
-
   useEffect(() => {
     const val = isPreview && previewValue !== undefined ? previewValue : storeValue
     if (typeof val === 'string') {
@@ -99,7 +93,7 @@ export function SlackSelectorInput({
 
   const requiresCredential = dependsOn.includes('credential')
   const missingCredential = !credential || credential.trim().length === 0
-  const shouldForceDisable = requiresCredential && (missingCredential || isForeignCredential)
+  const shouldForceDisable = requiresCredential && missingCredential
 
   const context: SelectorContext = useMemo(
     () => ({
@@ -136,7 +130,7 @@ export function SlackSelectorInput({
             subBlock={subBlock}
             selectorKey={config.selectorKey}
             selectorContext={context}
-            disabled={finalDisabled || shouldForceDisable || isForeignCredential}
+            disabled={finalDisabled || shouldForceDisable}
             isPreview={isPreview}
             previewValue={previewValue ?? null}
             placeholder={subBlock.placeholder || config.placeholder}

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/tool-input/components/tools/credential-selector.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import { createElement, useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react'
 import { ExternalLink } from 'lucide-react'
+import { useParams } from 'next/navigation'
 import { Button, Combobox } from '@/components/emcn/components'
+import { writePendingCredentialCreateRequest } from '@/lib/credentials/client-state'
 import {
   getCanonicalScopesForProvider,
   getProviderIdFromServiceId,
@@ -11,8 +13,7 @@ import {
   parseProvider,
 } from '@/lib/oauth'
 import { OAuthRequiredModal } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/credential-selector/components/oauth-required-modal'
-import { CREDENTIAL } from '@/executor/constants'
+import { useOAuthCredentials } from '@/hooks/queries/oauth-credentials'
-import { useOAuthCredentialDetail, useOAuthCredentials } from '@/hooks/queries/oauth-credentials'
 import { getMissingRequiredScopes } from '@/hooks/use-oauth-scope-status'
 import { useWorkflowRegistry } from '@/stores/workflows/registry/store'
 
@@ -64,6 +65,8 @@ export function ToolCredentialSelector({
   serviceId,
   disabled = false,
 }: ToolCredentialSelectorProps) {
+  const params = useParams()
+  const workspaceId = (params?.workspaceId as string) || ''
   const [showOAuthModal, setShowOAuthModal] = useState(false)
   const [editingInputValue, setEditingInputValue] = useState('')
   const [isEditing, setIsEditing] = useState(false)
@@ -78,50 +81,58 @@ export function ToolCredentialSelector({
     data: credentials = [],
     isFetching: credentialsLoading,
     refetch: refetchCredentials,
-  } = useOAuthCredentials(effectiveProviderId, Boolean(effectiveProviderId))
+  } = useOAuthCredentials(effectiveProviderId, {
+    enabled: Boolean(effectiveProviderId),
+    workspaceId,
+    workflowId: activeWorkflowId || undefined,
+  })
 
   const selectedCredential = useMemo(
     () => credentials.find((cred) => cred.id === selectedId),
     [credentials, selectedId]
   )
 
-  const shouldFetchForeignMeta =
+  const [inaccessibleCredentialName, setInaccessibleCredentialName] = useState<string | null>(null)
-    Boolean(selectedId) &&
-    !selectedCredential &&
-    Boolean(activeWorkflowId) &&
-    Boolean(effectiveProviderId)
 
-  const { data: foreignCredentials = [], isFetching: foreignMetaLoading } =
+  useEffect(() => {
-    useOAuthCredentialDetail(
+    if (!selectedId || selectedCredential || credentialsLoading || !workspaceId) {
-      shouldFetchForeignMeta ? selectedId : undefined,
+      setInaccessibleCredentialName(null)
-      activeWorkflowId || undefined,
+      return
-      shouldFetchForeignMeta
+    }
-    )
 
-  const hasForeignMeta = foreignCredentials.length > 0
+    let cancelled = false
-  const isForeign = Boolean(selectedId && !selectedCredential && hasForeignMeta)
+    ;(async () => {
+      try {
+        const response = await fetch(
+          `/api/credentials?workspaceId=${encodeURIComponent(workspaceId)}&credentialId=${encodeURIComponent(selectedId)}`
+        )
+        if (!response.ok || cancelled) return
+        const data = await response.json()
+        if (!cancelled && data.credential?.displayName) {
+          if (data.credential.id !== selectedId) {
+            onChange(data.credential.id)
+          }
+          setInaccessibleCredentialName(data.credential.displayName)
+        }
+      } catch {
+        // Ignore fetch errors
+      }
+    })()
+
+    return () => {
+      cancelled = true
+    }
+  }, [selectedId, selectedCredential, credentialsLoading, workspaceId])
 
   const resolvedLabel = useMemo(() => {
     if (selectedCredential) return selectedCredential.name
-    if (isForeign) return CREDENTIAL.FOREIGN_LABEL
+    if (inaccessibleCredentialName) return inaccessibleCredentialName
     return ''
-  }, [selectedCredential, isForeign])
+  }, [selectedCredential, inaccessibleCredentialName, selectedId, credentialsLoading])
 
   const inputValue = isEditing ? editingInputValue : resolvedLabel
 
-  const invalidSelection =
+  useCredentialRefreshTriggers(refetchCredentials, effectiveProviderId, workspaceId)
-    Boolean(selectedId) &&
-    !selectedCredential &&
-    !hasForeignMeta &&
-    !credentialsLoading &&
-    !foreignMetaLoading
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (!invalidSelection) return
-    onChange('')
-  }, [invalidSelection, onChange])
-
-  useCredentialRefreshTriggers(refetchCredentials)
 
   const handleOpenChange = useCallback(
     (isOpen: boolean) => {
@@ -149,8 +160,18 @@ export function ToolCredentialSelector({
   )
 
   const handleAddCredential = useCallback(() => {
-    setShowOAuthModal(true)
+    writePendingCredentialCreateRequest({
-  }, [])
+      workspaceId,
+      type: 'oauth',
+      providerId: effectiveProviderId,
+      displayName: '',
+      serviceId,
+      requiredScopes: getCanonicalScopesForProvider(effectiveProviderId),
+      requestedAt: Date.now(),
+    })
+
+    window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('open-settings', { detail: { tab: 'credentials' } }))
+  }, [workspaceId, effectiveProviderId, serviceId])
 
   const comboboxOptions = useMemo(() => {
     const options = credentials.map((cred) => ({
@@ -158,12 +179,13 @@ export function ToolCredentialSelector({
       value: cred.id,
     }))
 
-    if (credentials.length === 0) {
+    options.push({
-      options.push({
+      label:
-        label: `Connect ${getProviderName(provider)} account`,
+        credentials.length > 0
-        value: '__connect_account__',
+          ? `Connect another ${getProviderName(provider)} account`
-      })
+          : `Connect ${getProviderName(provider)} account`,
-    }
+      value: '__connect_account__',
+    })
 
     return options
   }, [credentials, provider])
@@ -213,7 +235,7 @@ export function ToolCredentialSelector({
         placeholder={effectiveLabel}
         disabled={disabled}
         editable={true}
-        filterOptions={!isForeign}
+        filterOptions={true}
         isLoading={credentialsLoading}
         overlayContent={overlayContent}
         className={selectedId ? 'pl-[28px]' : ''}
@@ -225,15 +247,13 @@ export function ToolCredentialSelector({
             <span className='mr-[6px] inline-block h-[6px] w-[6px] rounded-[2px] bg-amber-500' />
             Additional permissions required
           </div>
-          {!isForeign && (
+          <Button
-            <Button
+            variant='active'
-              variant='active'
+            onClick={() => setShowOAuthModal(true)}
-              onClick={() => setShowOAuthModal(true)}
+            className='w-full px-[8px] py-[4px] font-medium text-[12px]'
-              className='w-full px-[8px] py-[4px] font-medium text-[12px]'
+          >
-            >
+            Update access
-              Update access
+          </Button>
-            </Button>
-          )}
         </div>
       )}
 
@@ -252,7 +272,11 @@ export function ToolCredentialSelector({
   )
 }
 
-function useCredentialRefreshTriggers(refetchCredentials: () => Promise<unknown>) {
+function useCredentialRefreshTriggers(
+  refetchCredentials: () => Promise<unknown>,
+  providerId: string,
+  workspaceId: string
+) {
   useEffect(() => {
     const refresh = () => {
       void refetchCredentials()
@@ -270,12 +294,29 @@ function useCredentialRefreshTriggers(refetchCredentials: () => Promise<unknown>
       }
     }
 
+    const handleCredentialsUpdated = (
+      event: CustomEvent<{ providerId?: string; workspaceId?: string }>
+    ) => {
+      if (event.detail?.providerId && event.detail.providerId !== providerId) {
+        return
+      }
+      if (event.detail?.workspaceId && workspaceId && event.detail.workspaceId !== workspaceId) {
+        return
+      }
+      refresh()
+    }
+
     document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', handleVisibilityChange)
     window.addEventListener('pageshow', handlePageShow)
+    window.addEventListener('oauth-credentials-updated', handleCredentialsUpdated as EventListener)
 
     return () => {
       document.removeEventListener('visibilitychange', handleVisibilityChange)
       window.removeEventListener('pageshow', handlePageShow)
+      window.removeEventListener(
+        'oauth-credentials-updated',
+        handleCredentialsUpdated as EventListener
+      )
     }
-  }, [refetchCredentials])
+  }, [providerId, workspaceId, refetchCredentials])
 }

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/tool-input/components/tools/sub-block-renderer.tsx

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 'use client'
 
 import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react'
+import { useSubBlockValue } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-sub-block-value'
 import { SubBlock } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/sub-block'
 import type { SubBlockConfig as BlockSubBlockConfig } from '@/blocks/types'
-import { useWorkflowRegistry } from '@/stores/workflows/registry/store'
-import { useSubBlockStore } from '@/stores/workflows/subblock/store'
 
 interface ToolSubBlockRendererProps {
   blockId: string
@@ -45,43 +44,53 @@ export function ToolSubBlockRenderer({
   canonicalToggle,
 }: ToolSubBlockRendererProps) {
   const syntheticId = `${subBlockId}-tool-${toolIndex}-${effectiveParamId}`
+  const [storeValue, setStoreValue] = useSubBlockValue(blockId, syntheticId)
+
   const toolParamValue = toolParams?.[effectiveParamId] ?? ''
   const isObjectType = OBJECT_SUBBLOCK_TYPES.has(subBlock.type)
 
-  const syncedRef = useRef<string | null>(null)
+  const lastPushedToStoreRef = useRef<string | null>(null)
-  const onParamChangeRef = useRef(onParamChange)
+  const lastPushedToParamsRef = useRef<string | null>(null)
-  onParamChangeRef.current = onParamChange
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    const unsub = useSubBlockStore.subscribe((state, prevState) => {
+    if (!toolParamValue && lastPushedToStoreRef.current === null) {
-      const wfId = useWorkflowRegistry.getState().activeWorkflowId
+      lastPushedToStoreRef.current = toolParamValue
-      if (!wfId) return
+      lastPushedToParamsRef.current = toolParamValue
-      const newVal = state.workflowValues[wfId]?.[blockId]?.[syntheticId]
+      return
-      const oldVal = prevState.workflowValues[wfId]?.[blockId]?.[syntheticId]
-      if (newVal === oldVal) return
-      const stringified =
-        newVal == null ? '' : typeof newVal === 'string' ? newVal : JSON.stringify(newVal)
-      if (stringified === syncedRef.current) return
-      syncedRef.current = stringified
-      onParamChangeRef.current(toolIndex, effectiveParamId, stringified)
-    })
-    return unsub
-  }, [blockId, syntheticId, toolIndex, effectiveParamId])
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (toolParamValue === syncedRef.current) return
-    syncedRef.current = toolParamValue
-    if (isObjectType && toolParamValue) {
-      try {
-        const parsed = JSON.parse(toolParamValue)
-        if (typeof parsed === 'object' && parsed !== null) {
-          useSubBlockStore.getState().setValue(blockId, syntheticId, parsed)
-          return
-        }
-      } catch {}
     }
-    useSubBlockStore.getState().setValue(blockId, syntheticId, toolParamValue)
+    if (toolParamValue !== lastPushedToStoreRef.current) {
-  }, [toolParamValue, blockId, syntheticId, isObjectType])
+      lastPushedToStoreRef.current = toolParamValue
+      lastPushedToParamsRef.current = toolParamValue
+
+      if (isObjectType && typeof toolParamValue === 'string' && toolParamValue) {
+        try {
+          const parsed = JSON.parse(toolParamValue)
+          if (typeof parsed === 'object' && parsed !== null) {
+            setStoreValue(parsed)
+            return
+          }
+        } catch {
+          // Not valid JSON — fall through to set as string
+        }
+      }
+      setStoreValue(toolParamValue)
+    }
+  }, [toolParamValue, setStoreValue, isObjectType])
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (storeValue == null && lastPushedToParamsRef.current === null) return
+    const stringValue =
+      storeValue == null
+        ? ''
+        : typeof storeValue === 'string'
+          ? storeValue
+          : JSON.stringify(storeValue)
+    if (stringValue !== lastPushedToParamsRef.current) {
+      lastPushedToParamsRef.current = stringValue
+      lastPushedToStoreRef.current = stringValue
+      onParamChange(toolIndex, effectiveParamId, stringValue)
+    }
+  }, [storeValue, toolIndex, effectiveParamId, onParamChange])
 
   const visibility = subBlock.paramVisibility ?? 'user-or-llm'
   const isOptionalForUser = visibility !== 'user-only'

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/tool-input/tool-input.tsx

@@ -1741,97 +1741,36 @@ export const ToolInput = memo(function ToolInput({
                     ) : null
                   })()}
 
+                  {requiresOAuth && oauthConfig && (
+                    <div className='relative min-w-0 space-y-[6px]'>
+                      <div className='font-medium text-[13px] text-[var(--text-primary)]'>
+                        Account <span className='ml-0.5'>*</span>
+                      </div>
+                      <div className='w-full min-w-0'>
+                        <ToolCredentialSelector
+                          value={tool.params?.credential || ''}
+                          onChange={(value: string) =>
+                            handleParamChange(toolIndex, 'credential', value)
+                          }
+                          provider={oauthConfig.provider as OAuthProvider}
+                          requiredScopes={
+                            toolBlock?.subBlocks?.find((sb) => sb.id === 'credential')
+                              ?.requiredScopes ||
+                            getCanonicalScopesForProvider(oauthConfig.provider)
+                          }
+                          serviceId={oauthConfig.provider}
+                          disabled={disabled}
+                        />
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                  )}
+
                   {(() => {
                     const renderedElements: React.ReactNode[] = []
 
-                    const showOAuth =
-                      requiresOAuth && oauthConfig && tool.params?.authMethod !== 'bot_token'
-
-                    const renderOAuthAccount = (): React.ReactNode => {
-                      if (!showOAuth || !oauthConfig) return null
-                      const credentialSubBlock = toolBlock?.subBlocks?.find(
-                        (s) => s.type === 'oauth-input'
-                      )
-                      return (
-                        <div key='oauth-account' className='relative min-w-0 space-y-[6px]'>
-                          <div className='font-medium text-[13px] text-[var(--text-primary)]'>
-                            {credentialSubBlock?.title || 'Account'}{' '}
-                            <span className='ml-0.5'>*</span>
-                          </div>
-                          <div className='w-full min-w-0'>
-                            <ToolCredentialSelector
-                              value={tool.params?.credential || ''}
-                              onChange={(value: string) =>
-                                handleParamChange(toolIndex, 'credential', value)
-                              }
-                              provider={oauthConfig.provider as OAuthProvider}
-                              requiredScopes={
-                                credentialSubBlock?.requiredScopes ||
-                                getCanonicalScopesForProvider(oauthConfig.provider)
-                              }
-                              serviceId={oauthConfig.provider}
-                              disabled={disabled}
-                            />
-                          </div>
-                        </div>
-                      )
-                    }
-
-                    const renderSubBlock = (sb: BlockSubBlockConfig): React.ReactNode => {
-                      const effectiveParamId = sb.id
-                      const canonicalId = toolCanonicalIndex?.canonicalIdBySubBlockId[sb.id]
-                      const canonicalGroup = canonicalId
-                        ? toolCanonicalIndex?.groupsById[canonicalId]
-                        : undefined
-                      const hasCanonicalPair = isCanonicalPair(canonicalGroup)
-                      const canonicalMode =
-                        canonicalGroup && hasCanonicalPair
-                          ? resolveCanonicalMode(
-                              canonicalGroup,
-                              { operation: tool.operation, ...tool.params },
-                              toolScopedOverrides
-                            )
-                          : undefined
-
-                      const canonicalToggleProp =
-                        hasCanonicalPair && canonicalMode && canonicalId
-                          ? {
-                              mode: canonicalMode,
-                              onToggle: () => {
-                                const nextMode = canonicalMode === 'advanced' ? 'basic' : 'advanced'
-                                collaborativeSetBlockCanonicalMode(
-                                  blockId,
-                                  `${tool.type}:${canonicalId}`,
-                                  nextMode
-                                )
-                              },
-                            }
-                          : undefined
-
-                      const sbWithTitle = sb.title
-                        ? sb
-                        : { ...sb, title: formatParameterLabel(effectiveParamId) }
-
-                      return (
-                        <ToolSubBlockRenderer
-                          key={sb.id}
-                          blockId={blockId}
-                          subBlockId={subBlockId}
-                          toolIndex={toolIndex}
-                          subBlock={sbWithTitle}
-                          effectiveParamId={effectiveParamId}
-                          toolParams={tool.params}
-                          onParamChange={handleParamChange}
-                          disabled={disabled}
-                          canonicalToggle={canonicalToggleProp}
-                        />
-                      )
-                    }
-
                     if (useSubBlocks && displaySubBlocks.length > 0) {
-                      const allBlockSubBlocks = toolBlock?.subBlocks || []
                       const coveredParamIds = new Set(
-                        allBlockSubBlocks.flatMap((sb) => {
+                        displaySubBlocks.flatMap((sb) => {
                           const ids = [sb.id]
                           if (sb.canonicalParamId) ids.push(sb.canonicalParamId)
                           const cId = toolCanonicalIndex?.canonicalIdBySubBlockId[sb.id]
@@ -1846,45 +1785,57 @@ export const ToolInput = memo(function ToolInput({
                         })
                       )
 
-                      type RenderItem =
+                      displaySubBlocks.forEach((sb) => {
-                        | { kind: 'subblock'; sb: BlockSubBlockConfig }
+                        const effectiveParamId = sb.id
-                        | { kind: 'oauth' }
+                        const canonicalId = toolCanonicalIndex?.canonicalIdBySubBlockId[sb.id]
+                        const canonicalGroup = canonicalId
+                          ? toolCanonicalIndex?.groupsById[canonicalId]
+                          : undefined
+                        const hasCanonicalPair = isCanonicalPair(canonicalGroup)
+                        const canonicalMode =
+                          canonicalGroup && hasCanonicalPair
+                            ? resolveCanonicalMode(
+                                canonicalGroup,
+                                { operation: tool.operation, ...tool.params },
+                                toolScopedOverrides
+                              )
+                            : undefined
 
-                      const renderOrder: RenderItem[] = displaySubBlocks.map((sb) => ({
+                        const canonicalToggleProp =
-                        kind: 'subblock' as const,
+                          hasCanonicalPair && canonicalMode && canonicalId
-                        sb,
+                            ? {
-                      }))
+                                mode: canonicalMode,
+                                onToggle: () => {
+                                  const nextMode =
+                                    canonicalMode === 'advanced' ? 'basic' : 'advanced'
+                                  collaborativeSetBlockCanonicalMode(
+                                    blockId,
+                                    `${tool.type}:${canonicalId}`,
+                                    nextMode
+                                  )
+                                },
+                              }
+                            : undefined
 
-                      if (showOAuth) {
+                        const sbWithTitle = sb.title
-                        const credentialIdx = allBlockSubBlocks.findIndex(
+                          ? sb
-                          (sb) => sb.type === 'oauth-input'
+                          : { ...sb, title: formatParameterLabel(effectiveParamId) }
+
+                        renderedElements.push(
+                          <ToolSubBlockRenderer
+                            key={sb.id}
+                            blockId={blockId}
+                            subBlockId={subBlockId}
+                            toolIndex={toolIndex}
+                            subBlock={sbWithTitle}
+                            effectiveParamId={effectiveParamId}
+                            toolParams={tool.params}
+                            onParamChange={handleParamChange}
+                            disabled={disabled}
+                            canonicalToggle={canonicalToggleProp}
+                          />
                         )
-                        if (credentialIdx >= 0) {
+                      })
-                          const sbPositions = new Map(allBlockSubBlocks.map((sb, i) => [sb.id, i]))
-                          const insertAt = renderOrder.findIndex(
-                            (item) =>
-                              item.kind === 'subblock' &&
-                              (sbPositions.get(item.sb.id) ?? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) >
-                                credentialIdx
-                          )
-                          if (insertAt === -1) {
-                            renderOrder.push({ kind: 'oauth' })
-                          } else {
-                            renderOrder.splice(insertAt, 0, { kind: 'oauth' })
-                          }
-                        } else {
-                          renderOrder.unshift({ kind: 'oauth' })
-                        }
-                      }
-
-                      for (const item of renderOrder) {
-                        if (item.kind === 'oauth') {
-                          const el = renderOAuthAccount()
-                          if (el) renderedElements.push(el)
-                        } else {
-                          renderedElements.push(renderSubBlock(item.sb))
-                        }
-                      }
 
                       const uncoveredParams = displayParams.filter(
                         (param) =>
@@ -1922,11 +1873,6 @@ export const ToolInput = memo(function ToolInput({
                       )
                     }
 
-                    {
-                      const el = renderOAuthAccount()
-                      if (el) renderedElements.push(el)
-                    }
-
                     const filteredParams = displayParams.filter((param) =>
                       evaluateParameterCondition(param, tool)
                     )

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/hooks/use-foreign-credential.ts

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react'
-
-export function useForeignCredential(
-  provider: string | undefined,
-  credentialId: string | undefined
-) {
-  const [isForeign, setIsForeign] = useState<boolean>(false)
-  const [loading, setLoading] = useState<boolean>(false)
-  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null)
-
-  const normalizedProvider = useMemo(() => (provider || '').toString(), [provider])
-  const normalizedCredentialId = useMemo(() => credentialId || '', [credentialId])
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    let cancelled = false
-    async function check() {
-      setLoading(true)
-      setError(null)
-      try {
-        if (!normalizedProvider || !normalizedCredentialId) {
-          if (!cancelled) setIsForeign(false)
-          return
-        }
-        const res = await fetch(
-          `/api/auth/oauth/credentials?provider=${encodeURIComponent(normalizedProvider)}`
-        )
-        if (!res.ok) {
-          if (!cancelled) setIsForeign(true)
-          return
-        }
-        const data = await res.json()
-        const isOwn = (data.credentials || []).some((c: any) => c.id === normalizedCredentialId)
-        if (!cancelled) setIsForeign(!isOwn)
-      } catch (e) {
-        if (!cancelled) {
-          setIsForeign(true)
-          setError((e as Error).message)
-        }
-      } finally {
-        if (!cancelled) setLoading(false)
-      }
-    }
-    void check()
-    return () => {
-      cancelled = true
-    }
-  }, [normalizedProvider, normalizedCredentialId])
-
-  return { isForeignCredential: isForeign, loading, error }
-}

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/workflow.tsx

@@ -255,6 +255,69 @@ const WorkflowContent = React.memo(() => {
 
   const addNotification = useNotificationStore((state) => state.addNotification)
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const OAUTH_CONNECT_PENDING_KEY = 'sim.oauth-connect-pending'
+    const pending = window.sessionStorage.getItem(OAUTH_CONNECT_PENDING_KEY)
+    if (!pending) return
+    window.sessionStorage.removeItem(OAUTH_CONNECT_PENDING_KEY)
+
+    ;(async () => {
+      try {
+        const {
+          displayName,
+          providerId,
+          preCount,
+          workspaceId: wsId,
+          reconnect,
+        } = JSON.parse(pending) as {
+          displayName: string
+          providerId: string
+          preCount: number
+          workspaceId: string
+          reconnect?: boolean
+        }
+
+        if (reconnect) {
+          addNotification({
+            level: 'info',
+            message: `"${displayName}" reconnected successfully.`,
+          })
+          window.dispatchEvent(
+            new CustomEvent('oauth-credentials-updated', {
+              detail: { providerId, workspaceId: wsId },
+            })
+          )
+          return
+        }
+
+        const response = await fetch(
+          `/api/credentials?workspaceId=${encodeURIComponent(wsId)}&type=oauth`
+        )
+        const data = response.ok ? await response.json() : { credentials: [] }
+        const oauthCredentials = (data.credentials ?? []) as Array<{
+          displayName: string
+          providerId: string | null
+        }>
+
+        if (oauthCredentials.length > preCount) {
+          addNotification({
+            level: 'info',
+            message: `"${displayName}" credential connected successfully.`,
+          })
+        } else {
+          const existing = oauthCredentials.find((c) => c.providerId === providerId)
+          const existingName = existing?.displayName || displayName
+          addNotification({
+            level: 'info',
+            message: `This account is already connected as "${existingName}".`,
+          })
+        }
+      } catch {
+        // Ignore malformed sessionStorage data
+      }
+    })()
+  }, [])
+
   const {
     workflows,
     activeWorkflowId,

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/components/preview/components/preview-editor/preview-editor.tsx

@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ function ConnectionsSection({
           </div>
         )}
 
-        {/* Environment Variables */}
+        {/* Secrets */}
         {envVars.length > 0 && (
           <div className='mb-[2px] last:mb-0'>
             <div
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ function ConnectionsSection({
                   'text-[var(--text-secondary)] group-hover:text-[var(--text-primary)]'
                 )}
               >
-                Environment Variables
+                Secrets
               </span>
               <ChevronDownIcon
                 className={cn(

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/components/sidebar/components/settings-modal/components/credentials/credentials.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+'use client'
+
+import { CredentialsManager } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/components/sidebar/components/settings-modal/components/credentials/credentials-manager'
+
+interface CredentialsProps {
+  onOpenChange?: (open: boolean) => void
+  registerCloseHandler?: (handler: (open: boolean) => void) => void
+  registerBeforeLeaveHandler?: (handler: (onProceed: () => void) => void) => void
+}
+
+export function Credentials(_props: CredentialsProps) {
+  return (
+    <div className='h-full min-h-0'>
+      <CredentialsManager />
+    </div>
+  )
+}

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/components/sidebar/components/settings-modal/components/environment/environment.tsx

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ function WorkspaceVariableRow({
               <Trash />
             </Button>
           </Tooltip.Trigger>
-          <Tooltip.Content>Delete environment variable</Tooltip.Content>
+          <Tooltip.Content>Delete secret</Tooltip.Content>
         </Tooltip.Root>
       </div>
     </div>
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ export function EnvironmentVariables({ registerBeforeLeaveHandler }: Environment
                     <Trash />
                   </Button>
                 </Tooltip.Trigger>
-                <Tooltip.Content>Delete environment variable</Tooltip.Content>
+                <Tooltip.Content>Delete secret</Tooltip.Content>
               </Tooltip.Root>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ export function EnvironmentVariables({ registerBeforeLeaveHandler }: Environment
                   filteredWorkspaceEntries.length === 0 &&
                   (envVars.length > 0 || Object.keys(workspaceVars).length > 0) && (
                     <div className='py-[16px] text-center text-[13px] text-[var(--text-muted)]'>
-                      No environment variables found matching "{searchTerm}"
+                      No secrets found matching "{searchTerm}"
                     </div>
                   )}
               </>

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/components/sidebar/components/settings-modal/components/index.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ export { ApiKeys } from './api-keys/api-keys'
 export { BYOK } from './byok/byok'
 export { Copilot } from './copilot/copilot'
 export { CredentialSets } from './credential-sets/credential-sets'
+export { Credentials } from './credentials/credentials'
 export { CustomTools } from './custom-tools/custom-tools'
 export { Debug } from './debug/debug'
 export { EnvironmentVariables } from './environment/environment'

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/components/sidebar/components/settings-modal/settings-modal.tsx

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import {
 import {
   Card,
   Connections,
-  FolderCode,
   HexSimple,
   Key,
   SModal,
@@ -45,12 +44,11 @@ import {
   BYOK,
   Copilot,
   CredentialSets,
+  Credentials,
   CustomTools,
   Debug,
-  EnvironmentVariables,
   FileUploads,
   General,
-  Integrations,
   MCP,
   Skills,
   Subscription,
@@ -80,6 +78,7 @@ interface SettingsModalProps {
 
 type SettingsSection =
   | 'general'
+  | 'credentials'
   | 'environment'
   | 'template-profile'
   | 'integrations'
@@ -156,11 +155,10 @@ const allNavigationItems: NavigationItem[] = [
     requiresHosted: true,
     requiresTeam: true,
   },
-  { id: 'integrations', label: 'Integrations', icon: Connections, section: 'tools' },
+  { id: 'credentials', label: 'Credentials', icon: Connections, section: 'tools' },
   { id: 'custom-tools', label: 'Custom Tools', icon: Wrench, section: 'tools' },
   { id: 'skills', label: 'Skills', icon: AgentSkillsIcon, section: 'tools' },
   { id: 'mcp', label: 'MCP Tools', icon: McpIcon, section: 'tools' },
-  { id: 'environment', label: 'Environment', icon: FolderCode, section: 'system' },
   { id: 'apikeys', label: 'API Keys', icon: Key, section: 'system' },
   { id: 'workflow-mcp-servers', label: 'MCP Servers', icon: Server, section: 'system' },
   {
@@ -256,9 +254,6 @@ export function SettingsModal({ open, onOpenChange }: SettingsModalProps) {
       if (item.id === 'apikeys' && permissionConfig.hideApiKeysTab) {
         return false
       }
-      if (item.id === 'environment' && permissionConfig.hideEnvironmentTab) {
-        return false
-      }
       if (item.id === 'files' && permissionConfig.hideFilesTab) {
         return false
       }
@@ -324,6 +319,9 @@ export function SettingsModal({ open, onOpenChange }: SettingsModalProps) {
     if (!isBillingEnabled && (activeSection === 'subscription' || activeSection === 'team')) {
       return 'general'
     }
+    if (activeSection === 'environment' || activeSection === 'integrations') {
+      return 'credentials'
+    }
     return activeSection
   }, [activeSection])
 
@@ -342,7 +340,7 @@ export function SettingsModal({ open, onOpenChange }: SettingsModalProps) {
     (sectionId: SettingsSection) => {
       if (sectionId === effectiveActiveSection) return
 
-      if (effectiveActiveSection === 'environment' && environmentBeforeLeaveHandler.current) {
+      if (effectiveActiveSection === 'credentials' && environmentBeforeLeaveHandler.current) {
         environmentBeforeLeaveHandler.current(() => setActiveSection(sectionId))
         return
       }
@@ -370,7 +368,11 @@ export function SettingsModal({ open, onOpenChange }: SettingsModalProps) {
 
   useEffect(() => {
     const handleOpenSettings = (event: CustomEvent<{ tab: SettingsSection }>) => {
-      setActiveSection(event.detail.tab)
+      if (event.detail.tab === 'environment' || event.detail.tab === 'integrations') {
+        setActiveSection('credentials')
+      } else {
+        setActiveSection(event.detail.tab)
+      }
       onOpenChange(true)
     }
 
@@ -479,13 +481,19 @@ export function SettingsModal({ open, onOpenChange }: SettingsModalProps) {
   const handleDialogOpenChange = (newOpen: boolean) => {
     if (
       !newOpen &&
-      effectiveActiveSection === 'environment' &&
+      effectiveActiveSection === 'credentials' &&
       environmentBeforeLeaveHandler.current
     ) {
-      environmentBeforeLeaveHandler.current(() => onOpenChange(false))
+      environmentBeforeLeaveHandler.current(() => {
+        if (integrationsCloseHandler.current) {
+          integrationsCloseHandler.current(newOpen)
+        } else {
+          onOpenChange(false)
+        }
+      })
     } else if (
       !newOpen &&
-      effectiveActiveSection === 'integrations' &&
+      effectiveActiveSection === 'credentials' &&
       integrationsCloseHandler.current
     ) {
       integrationsCloseHandler.current(newOpen)
@@ -502,7 +510,7 @@ export function SettingsModal({ open, onOpenChange }: SettingsModalProps) {
         </VisuallyHidden.Root>
         <VisuallyHidden.Root>
           <DialogPrimitive.Description>
-            Configure your workspace settings, environment variables, integrations, and preferences
+            Configure your workspace settings, credentials, and preferences
           </DialogPrimitive.Description>
         </VisuallyHidden.Root>
 
@@ -539,18 +547,14 @@ export function SettingsModal({ open, onOpenChange }: SettingsModalProps) {
           </SModalMainHeader>
           <SModalMainBody>
             {effectiveActiveSection === 'general' && <General onOpenChange={onOpenChange} />}
-            {effectiveActiveSection === 'environment' && (
+            {effectiveActiveSection === 'credentials' && (
-              <EnvironmentVariables
+              <Credentials
+                onOpenChange={onOpenChange}
+                registerCloseHandler={registerIntegrationsCloseHandler}
                 registerBeforeLeaveHandler={registerEnvironmentBeforeLeaveHandler}
               />
             )}
             {effectiveActiveSection === 'template-profile' && <TemplateProfile />}
-            {effectiveActiveSection === 'integrations' && (
-              <Integrations
-                onOpenChange={onOpenChange}
-                registerCloseHandler={registerIntegrationsCloseHandler}
-              />
-            )}
             {effectiveActiveSection === 'credential-sets' && <CredentialSets />}
             {effectiveActiveSection === 'access-control' && <AccessControl />}
             {effectiveActiveSection === 'apikeys' && <ApiKeys onOpenChange={onOpenChange} />}

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/agent.ts

@@ -142,6 +142,8 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array.`,
       title: 'Google Cloud Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
       serviceId: 'vertex-ai',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       requiredScopes: ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'],
       placeholder: 'Select Google Cloud account',
       required: true,
@@ -150,6 +152,19 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array.`,
         value: providers.vertex.models,
       },
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Google Cloud Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+      condition: {
+        field: 'model',
+        value: providers.vertex.models,
+      },
+    },
     {
       id: 'reasoningEffort',
       title: 'Reasoning Effort',
@@ -748,6 +763,7 @@ Example 3 (Array Input):
     apiKey: { type: 'string', description: 'Provider API key' },
     azureEndpoint: { type: 'string', description: 'Azure endpoint URL' },
     azureApiVersion: { type: 'string', description: 'Azure API version' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'OAuth credential for Vertex AI' },
     vertexProject: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Cloud project ID for Vertex AI' },
     vertexLocation: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Cloud location for Vertex AI' },
     bedrockAccessKeyId: { type: 'string', description: 'AWS Access Key ID for Bedrock' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/airtable.ts

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ export const AirtableBlock: BlockConfig<AirtableResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Airtable Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'airtable',
       requiredScopes: [
         'data.records:read',
@@ -42,6 +44,15 @@ export const AirtableBlock: BlockConfig<AirtableResponse> = {
       placeholder: 'Select Airtable account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Airtable Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     {
       id: 'baseId',
       title: 'Base ID',
@@ -219,7 +230,7 @@ Return ONLY the valid JSON object - no explanations, no markdown.`,
         }
       },
       params: (params) => {
-        const { credential, records, fields, ...rest } = params
+        const { oauthCredential, records, fields, ...rest } = params
         let parsedRecords: any | undefined
         let parsedFields: any | undefined
 
@@ -237,7 +248,7 @@ Return ONLY the valid JSON object - no explanations, no markdown.`,
 
         // Construct parameters based on operation
         const baseParams = {
-          credential,
+          credential: oauthCredential,
           ...rest,
         }
 
@@ -255,7 +266,7 @@ Return ONLY the valid JSON object - no explanations, no markdown.`,
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Airtable access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Airtable access token' },
     baseId: { type: 'string', description: 'Airtable base identifier' },
     tableId: { type: 'string', description: 'Airtable table identifier' },
     // Conditional inputs

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/asana.ts

@@ -32,12 +32,22 @@ export const AsanaBlock: BlockConfig<AsanaResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Asana Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
-
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       required: true,
       serviceId: 'asana',
       requiredScopes: ['default'],
       placeholder: 'Select Asana account',
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Asana Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     {
       id: 'workspace',
       title: 'Workspace GID',
@@ -215,7 +225,7 @@ Return ONLY the date string in YYYY-MM-DD format - no explanations, no quotes, n
         }
       },
       params: (params) => {
-        const { credential, operation } = params
+        const { oauthCredential, operation } = params
 
         const projectsArray = params.projects
           ? params.projects
@@ -225,7 +235,7 @@ Return ONLY the date string in YYYY-MM-DD format - no explanations, no quotes, n
           : undefined
 
         const baseParams = {
-          accessToken: credential?.accessToken,
+          accessToken: oauthCredential?.accessToken,
         }
 
         switch (operation) {
@@ -284,6 +294,7 @@ Return ONLY the date string in YYYY-MM-DD format - no explanations, no quotes, n
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Asana OAuth credential' },
     workspace: { type: 'string', description: 'Workspace GID' },
     taskGid: { type: 'string', description: 'Task GID' },
     getTasks_workspace: { type: 'string', description: 'Workspace GID for getting tasks' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/calcom.ts

@@ -49,9 +49,20 @@ export const CalComBlock: BlockConfig<ToolResponse> = {
       title: 'Cal.com Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
       serviceId: 'calcom',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       placeholder: 'Select Cal.com account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Cal.com Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
 
     // === Create Booking fields ===
     {
@@ -555,7 +566,7 @@ Return ONLY valid JSON - no explanations.`,
       params: (params) => {
         const {
           operation,
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           attendeeName,
           attendeeEmail,
           attendeeTimeZone,
@@ -745,7 +756,7 @@ Return ONLY valid JSON - no explanations.`,
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Cal.com OAuth credential' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Cal.com OAuth credential' },
     eventTypeId: { type: 'number', description: 'Event type ID' },
     start: { type: 'string', description: 'Start time (ISO 8601)' },
     end: { type: 'string', description: 'End time (ISO 8601)' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/confluence.ts

@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ export const ConfluenceBlock: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Confluence Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'confluence',
       requiredScopes: [
         'read:confluence-content.all',
@@ -85,6 +87,15 @@ export const ConfluenceBlock: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
       placeholder: 'Select Confluence account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Confluence Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     {
       id: 'pageId',
       title: 'Select Page',
@@ -287,7 +298,7 @@ export const ConfluenceBlock: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
       },
       params: (params) => {
         const {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           pageId,
           operation,
           attachmentFile,
@@ -300,7 +311,7 @@ export const ConfluenceBlock: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
 
         if (operation === 'upload_attachment') {
           return {
-            credential,
+            credential: oauthCredential,
             pageId: effectivePageId,
             operation,
             file: attachmentFile,
@@ -311,7 +322,7 @@ export const ConfluenceBlock: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
         }
 
         return {
-          credential,
+          credential: oauthCredential,
           pageId: effectivePageId || undefined,
           operation,
           ...rest,
@@ -322,7 +333,7 @@ export const ConfluenceBlock: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
     domain: { type: 'string', description: 'Confluence domain' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Confluence access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Confluence access token' },
     pageId: { type: 'string', description: 'Page identifier (canonical param)' },
     spaceId: { type: 'string', description: 'Space identifier' },
     title: { type: 'string', description: 'Page title' },
@@ -428,6 +439,8 @@ export const ConfluenceV2Block: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Confluence Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'confluence',
       requiredScopes: [
         'read:confluence-content.all',
@@ -462,6 +475,15 @@ export const ConfluenceV2Block: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
       placeholder: 'Select Confluence account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Confluence Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     {
       id: 'domain',
       title: 'Domain',
@@ -943,7 +965,7 @@ export const ConfluenceV2Block: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
       },
       params: (params) => {
         const {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           pageId,
           operation,
           attachmentFile,
@@ -968,7 +990,7 @@ export const ConfluenceV2Block: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
 
         if (operation === 'add_label') {
           return {
-            credential,
+            credential: oauthCredential,
             pageId: effectivePageId,
             operation,
             prefix: labelPrefix || 'global',
@@ -978,7 +1000,7 @@ export const ConfluenceV2Block: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
 
         if (operation === 'create_blogpost') {
           return {
-            credential,
+            credential: oauthCredential,
             operation,
             status: blogPostStatus || 'current',
             ...rest,
@@ -987,7 +1009,7 @@ export const ConfluenceV2Block: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
 
         if (operation === 'delete') {
           return {
-            credential,
+            credential: oauthCredential,
             pageId: effectivePageId,
             operation,
             purge: purge || false,
@@ -997,7 +1019,7 @@ export const ConfluenceV2Block: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
 
         if (operation === 'list_comments') {
           return {
-            credential,
+            credential: oauthCredential,
             pageId: effectivePageId,
             operation,
             bodyFormat: bodyFormat || 'storage',
@@ -1023,7 +1045,7 @@ export const ConfluenceV2Block: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
 
         if (supportsCursor.includes(operation) && cursor) {
           return {
-            credential,
+            credential: oauthCredential,
             pageId: effectivePageId || undefined,
             operation,
             cursor,
@@ -1036,7 +1058,7 @@ export const ConfluenceV2Block: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
             throw new Error('Property key is required for this operation.')
           }
           return {
-            credential,
+            credential: oauthCredential,
             pageId: effectivePageId,
             operation,
             key: propertyKey,
@@ -1047,7 +1069,7 @@ export const ConfluenceV2Block: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
 
         if (operation === 'delete_page_property') {
           return {
-            credential,
+            credential: oauthCredential,
             pageId: effectivePageId,
             operation,
             propertyId,
@@ -1057,7 +1079,7 @@ export const ConfluenceV2Block: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
 
         if (operation === 'get_pages_by_label') {
           return {
-            credential,
+            credential: oauthCredential,
             operation,
             labelId,
             cursor: cursor || undefined,
@@ -1067,7 +1089,7 @@ export const ConfluenceV2Block: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
 
         if (operation === 'list_space_labels') {
           return {
-            credential,
+            credential: oauthCredential,
             operation,
             cursor: cursor || undefined,
             ...rest,
@@ -1080,7 +1102,7 @@ export const ConfluenceV2Block: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
             throw new Error('File is required for upload attachment operation.')
           }
           return {
-            credential,
+            credential: oauthCredential,
             pageId: effectivePageId,
             operation,
             file: normalizedFile,
@@ -1091,7 +1113,7 @@ export const ConfluenceV2Block: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
         }
 
         return {
-          credential,
+          credential: oauthCredential,
           pageId: effectivePageId || undefined,
           blogPostId: blogPostId || undefined,
           versionNumber: versionNumber ? Number.parseInt(String(versionNumber), 10) : undefined,
@@ -1104,7 +1126,7 @@ export const ConfluenceV2Block: BlockConfig<ConfluenceResponse> = {
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
     domain: { type: 'string', description: 'Confluence domain' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Confluence access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Confluence access token' },
     pageId: { type: 'string', description: 'Page identifier (canonical param)' },
     spaceId: { type: 'string', description: 'Space identifier' },
     blogPostId: { type: 'string', description: 'Blog post identifier' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/dropbox.ts

@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ export const DropboxBlock: BlockConfig<DropboxResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Dropbox Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'dropbox',
       requiredScopes: [
         'account_info.read',
@@ -51,6 +53,15 @@ export const DropboxBlock: BlockConfig<DropboxResponse> = {
       placeholder: 'Select Dropbox account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Dropbox Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     // Upload operation inputs
     {
       id: 'path',
@@ -352,7 +363,7 @@ Return ONLY the timestamp string - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Dropbox OAuth credential' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Dropbox OAuth credential' },
     // Common inputs
     path: { type: 'string', description: 'Path in Dropbox' },
     autorename: { type: 'boolean', description: 'Auto-rename on conflict' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/gmail.ts

@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ export const GmailBlock: BlockConfig<GmailToolResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Gmail Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'gmail',
       requiredScopes: [
         'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.send',
@@ -85,6 +87,15 @@ export const GmailBlock: BlockConfig<GmailToolResponse> = {
       placeholder: 'Select Gmail account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Gmail Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     // Send Email Fields
     {
       id: 'to',
@@ -406,7 +417,7 @@ Return ONLY the search query - no explanations, no extra text.`,
       tool: selectGmailToolId,
       params: (params) => {
         const {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           folder,
           addLabelIds,
           removeLabelIds,
@@ -467,7 +478,7 @@ Return ONLY the search query - no explanations, no extra text.`,
 
         return {
           ...rest,
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           ...(normalizedAttachments && { attachments: normalizedAttachments }),
         }
       },
@@ -475,7 +486,7 @@ Return ONLY the search query - no explanations, no extra text.`,
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Gmail access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Gmail access token' },
     // Send operation inputs
     to: { type: 'string', description: 'Recipient email address' },
     subject: { type: 'string', description: 'Email subject' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/google_calendar.ts

@@ -39,11 +39,22 @@ export const GoogleCalendarBlock: BlockConfig<GoogleCalendarResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Google Calendar Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       required: true,
       serviceId: 'google-calendar',
       requiredScopes: ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar'],
       placeholder: 'Select Google Calendar account',
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Google Calendar Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     // Calendar selector (basic mode) - not needed for list_calendars
     {
       id: 'calendarId',
@@ -512,7 +523,7 @@ Return ONLY the natural language event text - no explanations.`,
       },
       params: (params) => {
         const {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           operation,
           attendees,
           replaceExisting,
@@ -576,7 +587,7 @@ Return ONLY the natural language event text - no explanations.`,
         }
 
         return {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           ...processedParams,
         }
       },
@@ -584,7 +595,7 @@ Return ONLY the natural language event text - no explanations.`,
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Calendar access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Calendar access token' },
     calendarId: { type: 'string', description: 'Calendar identifier (canonical param)' },
 
     // Create/Update operation inputs

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/google_docs.ts

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ export const GoogleDocsBlock: BlockConfig<GoogleDocsResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Google Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       required: true,
       serviceId: 'google-docs',
       requiredScopes: [
@@ -40,6 +42,15 @@ export const GoogleDocsBlock: BlockConfig<GoogleDocsResponse> = {
       ],
       placeholder: 'Select Google account',
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Google Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     // Document selector (basic mode)
     {
       id: 'documentId',
@@ -157,7 +168,7 @@ Return ONLY the document content - no explanations, no extra text.`,
         }
       },
       params: (params) => {
-        const { credential, documentId, folderId, ...rest } = params
+        const { oauthCredential, documentId, folderId, ...rest } = params
 
         const effectiveDocumentId = documentId ? String(documentId).trim() : ''
         const effectiveFolderId = folderId ? String(folderId).trim() : ''
@@ -166,14 +177,14 @@ Return ONLY the document content - no explanations, no extra text.`,
           ...rest,
           documentId: effectiveDocumentId || undefined,
           folderId: effectiveFolderId || undefined,
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
         }
       },
     },
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Docs access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Docs access token' },
     documentId: { type: 'string', description: 'Document identifier (canonical param)' },
     title: { type: 'string', description: 'Document title' },
     folderId: { type: 'string', description: 'Parent folder identifier (canonical param)' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/google_drive.ts

@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ export const GoogleDriveBlock: BlockConfig<GoogleDriveResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Google Drive Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       required: true,
       serviceId: 'google-drive',
       requiredScopes: [
@@ -52,6 +54,15 @@ export const GoogleDriveBlock: BlockConfig<GoogleDriveResponse> = {
       ],
       placeholder: 'Select Google Drive account',
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Google Drive Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     // Create/Upload File Fields
     {
       id: 'fileName',
@@ -786,7 +797,7 @@ Return ONLY the message text - no subject line, no greetings/signatures, no extr
       },
       params: (params) => {
         const {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           // Folder canonical params (per-operation)
           uploadFolderId,
           createFolderParentId,
@@ -873,7 +884,7 @@ Return ONLY the message text - no subject line, no greetings/signatures, no extr
           sendNotification === 'true' ? true : sendNotification === 'false' ? false : undefined
 
         return {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           folderId: effectiveFolderId,
           fileId: effectiveFileId,
           destinationFolderId: effectiveDestinationFolderId,
@@ -891,7 +902,7 @@ Return ONLY the message text - no subject line, no greetings/signatures, no extr
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Drive access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Drive access token' },
     // Folder canonical params (per-operation)
     uploadFolderId: { type: 'string', description: 'Parent folder for upload/create' },
     createFolderParentId: { type: 'string', description: 'Parent folder for create folder' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/google_forms.ts

@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ export const GoogleFormsBlock: BlockConfig = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Google Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       required: true,
       serviceId: 'google-forms',
       requiredScopes: [
@@ -45,6 +47,15 @@ export const GoogleFormsBlock: BlockConfig = {
       ],
       placeholder: 'Select Google account',
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Google Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     // Form selector (basic mode)
     {
       id: 'formSelector',
@@ -233,7 +244,7 @@ Example for "Add a required multiple choice question about favorite color":
       },
       params: (params) => {
         const {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           operation,
           formId, // Canonical param from formSelector (basic) or manualFormId (advanced)
           responseId,
@@ -251,7 +262,7 @@ Example for "Add a required multiple choice question about favorite color":
           ...rest
         } = params
 
-        const baseParams = { ...rest, credential }
+        const baseParams = { ...rest, oauthCredential }
         const effectiveFormId = formId ? String(formId).trim() : undefined
 
         switch (operation) {
@@ -309,7 +320,7 @@ Example for "Add a required multiple choice question about favorite color":
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google OAuth credential' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google OAuth credential' },
     formId: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Form ID' },
     responseId: { type: 'string', description: 'Specific response ID' },
     pageSize: { type: 'string', description: 'Max responses to retrieve' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/google_groups.ts

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ export const GoogleGroupsBlock: BlockConfig = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Google Groups Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       required: true,
       serviceId: 'google-groups',
       requiredScopes: [
@@ -50,6 +52,15 @@ export const GoogleGroupsBlock: BlockConfig = {
       ],
       placeholder: 'Select Google Workspace account',
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Google Groups Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
 
     {
       id: 'customer',
@@ -311,12 +322,12 @@ Return ONLY the description text - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
         }
       },
       params: (params) => {
-        const { credential, operation, ...rest } = params
+        const { oauthCredential, operation, ...rest } = params
 
         switch (operation) {
           case 'list_groups':
             return {
-              credential,
+              oauthCredential,
               customer: rest.customer,
               domain: rest.domain,
               query: rest.query,
@@ -325,19 +336,19 @@ Return ONLY the description text - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
           case 'get_group':
           case 'delete_group':
             return {
-              credential,
+              credential: oauthCredential,
               groupKey: rest.groupKey,
             }
           case 'create_group':
             return {
-              credential,
+              credential: oauthCredential,
               email: rest.email,
               name: rest.name,
               description: rest.description,
             }
           case 'update_group':
             return {
-              credential,
+              credential: oauthCredential,
               groupKey: rest.groupKey,
               name: rest.newName,
               email: rest.newEmail,
@@ -345,7 +356,7 @@ Return ONLY the description text - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
             }
           case 'list_members':
             return {
-              credential,
+              credential: oauthCredential,
               groupKey: rest.groupKey,
               maxResults: rest.maxResults ? Number(rest.maxResults) : undefined,
               roles: rest.roles,
@@ -353,66 +364,66 @@ Return ONLY the description text - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
           case 'get_member':
           case 'remove_member':
             return {
-              credential,
+              credential: oauthCredential,
               groupKey: rest.groupKey,
               memberKey: rest.memberKey,
             }
           case 'add_member':
             return {
-              credential,
+              credential: oauthCredential,
               groupKey: rest.groupKey,
               email: rest.memberEmail,
               role: rest.role,
             }
           case 'update_member':
             return {
-              credential,
+              credential: oauthCredential,
               groupKey: rest.groupKey,
               memberKey: rest.memberKey,
               role: rest.role,
             }
           case 'has_member':
             return {
-              credential,
+              credential: oauthCredential,
               groupKey: rest.groupKey,
               memberKey: rest.memberKey,
             }
           case 'list_aliases':
             return {
-              credential,
+              credential: oauthCredential,
               groupKey: rest.groupKey,
             }
           case 'add_alias':
             return {
-              credential,
+              credential: oauthCredential,
               groupKey: rest.groupKey,
               alias: rest.alias,
             }
           case 'remove_alias':
             return {
-              credential,
+              oauthCredential,
               groupKey: rest.groupKey,
               alias: rest.alias,
             }
           case 'get_settings':
             return {
-              credential,
+              oauthCredential,
               groupEmail: rest.groupEmail,
             }
           case 'update_settings':
             return {
-              credential,
+              oauthCredential,
               groupEmail: rest.groupEmail,
             }
           default:
-            return { credential, ...rest }
+            return { oauthCredential, ...rest }
         }
       },
     },
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Workspace OAuth credential' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Workspace OAuth credential' },
     customer: { type: 'string', description: 'Customer ID for listing groups' },
     domain: { type: 'string', description: 'Domain filter for listing groups' },
     query: { type: 'string', description: 'Search query for filtering groups' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/google_sheets.ts

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ export const GoogleSheetsBlock: BlockConfig<GoogleSheetsResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Google Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       required: true,
       serviceId: 'google-sheets',
       requiredScopes: [
@@ -44,6 +46,15 @@ export const GoogleSheetsBlock: BlockConfig<GoogleSheetsResponse> = {
       ],
       placeholder: 'Select Google account',
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Google Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     // Spreadsheet Selector
     {
       id: 'spreadsheetId',
@@ -246,7 +257,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
         }
       },
       params: (params) => {
-        const { credential, values, spreadsheetId, ...rest } = params
+        const { oauthCredential, values, spreadsheetId, ...rest } = params
 
         const parsedValues = values ? JSON.parse(values as string) : undefined
 
@@ -260,14 +271,14 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
           ...rest,
           spreadsheetId: effectiveSpreadsheetId,
           values: parsedValues,
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
         }
       },
     },
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Sheets access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Sheets access token' },
     spreadsheetId: { type: 'string', description: 'Spreadsheet identifier (canonical param)' },
     range: { type: 'string', description: 'Cell range' },
     values: { type: 'string', description: 'Cell values data' },
@@ -323,6 +334,8 @@ export const GoogleSheetsV2Block: BlockConfig<GoogleSheetsV2Response> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Google Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       required: true,
       serviceId: 'google-sheets',
       requiredScopes: [
@@ -331,6 +344,15 @@ export const GoogleSheetsV2Block: BlockConfig<GoogleSheetsV2Response> = {
       ],
       placeholder: 'Select Google account',
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Google Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     // Spreadsheet Selector (basic mode) - not for create operation
     {
       id: 'spreadsheetId',
@@ -715,7 +737,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
       }),
       params: (params) => {
         const {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           values,
           spreadsheetId,
           sheetName,
@@ -739,7 +761,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
           return {
             title: (title as string)?.trim(),
             sheetTitles: sheetTitlesArray,
-            credential,
+            oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
@@ -753,7 +775,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
         if (operation === 'get_info') {
           return {
             spreadsheetId: effectiveSpreadsheetId,
-            credential,
+            oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
@@ -763,7 +785,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
           return {
             spreadsheetId: effectiveSpreadsheetId,
             ranges: parsedRanges,
-            credential,
+            oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
@@ -774,7 +796,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
             ...rest,
             spreadsheetId: effectiveSpreadsheetId,
             data: parsedData,
-            credential,
+            oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
@@ -784,7 +806,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
           return {
             spreadsheetId: effectiveSpreadsheetId,
             ranges: parsedRanges,
-            credential,
+            oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
@@ -794,7 +816,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
             sourceSpreadsheetId: effectiveSpreadsheetId,
             sheetId: Number.parseInt(sheetId as string, 10),
             destinationSpreadsheetId: (destinationSpreadsheetId as string)?.trim(),
-            credential,
+            oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
@@ -813,14 +835,14 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
           sheetName: effectiveSheetName,
           cellRange: cellRange ? (cellRange as string).trim() : undefined,
           values: parsedValues,
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
         }
       },
     },
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Sheets access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Sheets access token' },
     spreadsheetId: { type: 'string', description: 'Spreadsheet identifier (canonical param)' },
     sheetName: { type: 'string', description: 'Name of the sheet/tab (canonical param)' },
     cellRange: { type: 'string', description: 'Cell range (e.g., A1:D10)' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/google_slides.ts

@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ export const GoogleSlidesBlock: BlockConfig<GoogleSlidesResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Google Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       required: true,
       serviceId: 'google-drive',
       requiredScopes: [
@@ -54,6 +56,15 @@ export const GoogleSlidesBlock: BlockConfig<GoogleSlidesResponse> = {
       ],
       placeholder: 'Select Google account',
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Google Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     // Presentation selector (basic mode) - for operations that need an existing presentation
     {
       id: 'presentationId',
@@ -662,7 +673,7 @@ Return ONLY the text content - no explanations, no markdown formatting markers,
       },
       params: (params) => {
         const {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           presentationId,
           folderId,
           slideIndex,
@@ -679,7 +690,7 @@ Return ONLY the text content - no explanations, no markdown formatting markers,
         const result: Record<string, any> = {
           ...rest,
           presentationId: effectivePresentationId || undefined,
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
         }
 
         // Handle operation-specific params
@@ -799,7 +810,7 @@ Return ONLY the text content - no explanations, no markdown formatting markers,
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Slides access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Slides access token' },
     presentationId: { type: 'string', description: 'Presentation identifier (canonical param)' },
     // Write operation
     slideIndex: { type: 'number', description: 'Slide index to write to' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/google_vault.ts

@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ export const GoogleVaultBlock: BlockConfig = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Google Vault Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       required: true,
       serviceId: 'google-vault',
       requiredScopes: [
@@ -42,6 +44,15 @@ export const GoogleVaultBlock: BlockConfig = {
       ],
       placeholder: 'Select Google Vault account',
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Google Vault Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     // Create Hold inputs
     {
       id: 'matterId',
@@ -438,10 +449,10 @@ Return ONLY the description text - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
         }
       },
       params: (params) => {
-        const { credential, holdStartTime, holdEndTime, holdTerms, ...rest } = params
+        const { oauthCredential, holdStartTime, holdEndTime, holdTerms, ...rest } = params
         return {
           ...rest,
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           // Map hold-specific fields to their tool parameter names
           ...(holdStartTime && { startTime: holdStartTime }),
           ...(holdEndTime && { endTime: holdEndTime }),
@@ -453,7 +464,7 @@ Return ONLY the description text - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
   inputs: {
     // Core inputs
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Vault OAuth credential' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Google Vault OAuth credential' },
     matterId: { type: 'string', description: 'Matter ID' },
 
     // Create export inputs

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/hubspot.ts

@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ export const HubSpotBlock: BlockConfig<HubSpotResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'HubSpot Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'hubspot',
       requiredScopes: [
         'crm.objects.contacts.read',
@@ -68,6 +70,15 @@ export const HubSpotBlock: BlockConfig<HubSpotResponse> = {
       placeholder: 'Select HubSpot account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'HubSpot Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     {
       id: 'contactId',
       title: 'Contact ID or Email',
@@ -823,7 +834,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array of property names - no explanations, no markdown, no
       },
       params: (params) => {
         const {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           operation,
           propertiesToSet,
           properties,
@@ -835,7 +846,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array of property names - no explanations, no markdown, no
         } = params
 
         const cleanParams: Record<string, any> = {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
         }
 
         const createUpdateOps = [
@@ -890,7 +901,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array of property names - no explanations, no markdown, no
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'HubSpot access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'HubSpot access token' },
     contactId: { type: 'string', description: 'Contact ID or email' },
     companyId: { type: 'string', description: 'Company ID or domain' },
     idProperty: { type: 'string', description: 'Property name to use as unique identifier' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/jira.ts

@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ export const JiraBlock: BlockConfig<JiraResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Jira Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       required: true,
       serviceId: 'jira',
       requiredScopes: [
@@ -96,6 +98,15 @@ export const JiraBlock: BlockConfig<JiraResponse> = {
       ],
       placeholder: 'Select Jira account',
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Jira Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     // Project selector (basic mode)
     {
       id: 'projectId',
@@ -789,14 +800,14 @@ Return ONLY the comment text - no explanations.`,
         }
       },
       params: (params) => {
-        const { credential, projectId, issueKey, ...rest } = params
+        const { oauthCredential, projectId, issueKey, ...rest } = params
 
         // Use canonical param IDs (raw subBlock IDs are deleted after serialization)
         const effectiveProjectId = projectId ? String(projectId).trim() : ''
         const effectiveIssueKey = issueKey ? String(issueKey).trim() : ''
 
         const baseParams = {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           domain: params.domain,
         }
 
@@ -1049,7 +1060,7 @@ Return ONLY the comment text - no explanations.`,
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
     domain: { type: 'string', description: 'Jira domain' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Jira access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Jira access token' },
     issueKey: { type: 'string', description: 'Issue key identifier (canonical param)' },
     projectId: { type: 'string', description: 'Project identifier (canonical param)' },
     // Update/Write operation inputs

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/jira_service_management.ts

@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ export const JiraServiceManagementBlock: BlockConfig<JsmResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Jira Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       required: true,
       serviceId: 'jira',
       requiredScopes: [
@@ -95,6 +97,15 @@ export const JiraServiceManagementBlock: BlockConfig<JsmResponse> = {
       ],
       placeholder: 'Select Jira account',
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Jira Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     {
       id: 'serviceDeskId',
       title: 'Service Desk ID',
@@ -493,7 +504,7 @@ Return ONLY the comment text - no explanations.`,
       },
       params: (params) => {
         const baseParams = {
-          credential: params.credential,
+          oauthCredential: params.oauthCredential,
           domain: params.domain,
         }
 
@@ -740,7 +751,7 @@ Return ONLY the comment text - no explanations.`,
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
     domain: { type: 'string', description: 'Jira domain' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Jira Service Management access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Jira Service Management access token' },
     serviceDeskId: { type: 'string', description: 'Service desk ID' },
     requestTypeId: { type: 'string', description: 'Request type ID' },
     issueIdOrKey: { type: 'string', description: 'Issue ID or key' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/linear.ts

@@ -129,11 +129,22 @@ export const LinearBlock: BlockConfig<LinearResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Linear Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'linear',
       requiredScopes: ['read', 'write'],
       placeholder: 'Select Linear account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Linear Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     // Team selector (for most operations)
     {
       id: 'teamId',
@@ -1504,7 +1515,7 @@ Return ONLY the date string in YYYY-MM-DD format - no explanations, no quotes, n
 
         // Base params that most operations need
         const baseParams: Record<string, any> = {
-          credential: params.credential,
+          oauthCredential: params.oauthCredential,
         }
 
         // Operation-specific param mapping
@@ -2323,7 +2334,7 @@ Return ONLY the date string in YYYY-MM-DD format - no explanations, no quotes, n
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Linear access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Linear access token' },
     teamId: { type: 'string', description: 'Linear team identifier (canonical param)' },
     projectId: { type: 'string', description: 'Linear project identifier (canonical param)' },
     issueId: { type: 'string', description: 'Issue identifier' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/linkedin.ts

@@ -33,10 +33,21 @@ export const LinkedInBlock: BlockConfig<LinkedInResponse> = {
       title: 'LinkedIn Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
       serviceId: 'linkedin',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       requiredScopes: ['profile', 'openid', 'email', 'w_member_social'],
       placeholder: 'Select LinkedIn account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'LinkedIn Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
 
     // Share Post specific fields
     {
@@ -80,25 +91,25 @@ export const LinkedInBlock: BlockConfig<LinkedInResponse> = {
       },
       params: (inputs) => {
         const operation = inputs.operation || 'share_post'
-        const { credential, ...rest } = inputs
+        const { oauthCredential, ...rest } = inputs
 
         if (operation === 'get_profile') {
           return {
-            accessToken: credential,
+            accessToken: oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
         return {
           text: rest.text,
           visibility: rest.visibility || 'PUBLIC',
-          accessToken: credential,
+          accessToken: oauthCredential,
         }
       },
     },
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'LinkedIn access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'LinkedIn access token' },
     text: { type: 'string', description: 'Post text content' },
     visibility: { type: 'string', description: 'Post visibility (PUBLIC or CONNECTIONS)' },
   },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/microsoft_excel.ts

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ export const MicrosoftExcelBlock: BlockConfig<MicrosoftExcelResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Microsoft Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'microsoft-excel',
       requiredScopes: [
         'openid',
@@ -48,6 +50,15 @@ export const MicrosoftExcelBlock: BlockConfig<MicrosoftExcelResponse> = {
       placeholder: 'Select Microsoft account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Microsoft Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     {
       id: 'spreadsheetId',
       title: 'Select Sheet',
@@ -241,7 +252,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
         }
       },
       params: (params) => {
-        const { credential, values, spreadsheetId, tableName, worksheetName, ...rest } = params
+        const { oauthCredential, values, spreadsheetId, tableName, worksheetName, ...rest } = params
 
         // Use canonical param ID (raw subBlock IDs are deleted after serialization)
         const effectiveSpreadsheetId = spreadsheetId ? String(spreadsheetId).trim() : ''
@@ -269,7 +280,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
           ...rest,
           spreadsheetId: effectiveSpreadsheetId,
           values: parsedValues,
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
         }
 
         if (params.operation === 'table_add') {
@@ -292,7 +303,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Microsoft Excel access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Microsoft Excel access token' },
     spreadsheetId: { type: 'string', description: 'Spreadsheet identifier (canonical param)' },
     range: { type: 'string', description: 'Cell range' },
     tableName: { type: 'string', description: 'Table name' },
@@ -351,6 +362,8 @@ export const MicrosoftExcelV2Block: BlockConfig<MicrosoftExcelV2Response> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Microsoft Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'microsoft-excel',
       requiredScopes: [
         'openid',
@@ -363,6 +376,15 @@ export const MicrosoftExcelV2Block: BlockConfig<MicrosoftExcelV2Response> = {
       placeholder: 'Select Microsoft account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Microsoft Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     // Spreadsheet Selector (basic mode)
     {
       id: 'spreadsheetId',
@@ -497,7 +519,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
         fallbackToolId: 'microsoft_excel_read_v2',
       }),
       params: (params) => {
-        const { credential, values, spreadsheetId, sheetName, cellRange, ...rest } = params
+        const { oauthCredential, values, spreadsheetId, sheetName, cellRange, ...rest } = params
 
         const parsedValues = values ? JSON.parse(values as string) : undefined
 
@@ -519,14 +541,14 @@ Return ONLY the JSON array - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
           sheetName: effectiveSheetName,
           cellRange: cellRange ? (cellRange as string).trim() : undefined,
           values: parsedValues,
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
         }
       },
     },
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Microsoft Excel access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Microsoft Excel access token' },
     spreadsheetId: { type: 'string', description: 'Spreadsheet identifier (canonical param)' },
     sheetName: { type: 'string', description: 'Name of the sheet/tab (canonical param)' },
     cellRange: { type: 'string', description: 'Cell range (e.g., A1:D10)' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/microsoft_planner.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { AuthMode } from '@/blocks/types'
 import type { MicrosoftPlannerResponse } from '@/tools/microsoft_planner/types'
 
 interface MicrosoftPlannerBlockParams {
-  credential: string
+  oauthCredential: string
   accessToken?: string
   planId?: string
   taskId?: string
@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ export const MicrosoftPlannerBlock: BlockConfig<MicrosoftPlannerResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Microsoft Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'microsoft-planner',
       requiredScopes: [
         'openid',
@@ -73,6 +75,14 @@ export const MicrosoftPlannerBlock: BlockConfig<MicrosoftPlannerResponse> = {
       ],
       placeholder: 'Select Microsoft account',
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Microsoft Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+    },
 
     // Plan ID - for various operations
     {
@@ -350,7 +360,7 @@ Return ONLY the timestamp string - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
       },
       params: (params) => {
         const {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           operation,
           groupId,
           planId,
@@ -375,7 +385,7 @@ Return ONLY the timestamp string - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
 
         const baseParams: MicrosoftPlannerBlockParams = {
           ...rest,
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
         }
 
         // Handle different task ID fields based on operation
@@ -560,7 +570,7 @@ Return ONLY the timestamp string - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Microsoft account credential' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Microsoft account credential' },
     groupId: { type: 'string', description: 'Microsoft 365 group ID' },
     planId: { type: 'string', description: 'Plan ID' },
     readTaskId: { type: 'string', description: 'Task ID for read operation' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/microsoft_teams.ts

@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ export const MicrosoftTeamsBlock: BlockConfig<MicrosoftTeamsResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Microsoft Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'microsoft-teams',
       requiredScopes: [
         'openid',
@@ -70,6 +72,15 @@ export const MicrosoftTeamsBlock: BlockConfig<MicrosoftTeamsResponse> = {
       placeholder: 'Select Microsoft account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Microsoft Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     {
       id: 'teamSelector',
       title: 'Select Team',
@@ -321,7 +332,7 @@ export const MicrosoftTeamsBlock: BlockConfig<MicrosoftTeamsResponse> = {
       },
       params: (params) => {
         const {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           operation,
           teamId, // Canonical param from teamSelector (basic) or manualTeamId (advanced)
           chatId, // Canonical param from chatSelector (basic) or manualChatId (advanced)
@@ -339,7 +350,7 @@ export const MicrosoftTeamsBlock: BlockConfig<MicrosoftTeamsResponse> = {
 
         const baseParams: Record<string, any> = {
           ...rest,
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
         }
 
         if ((operation === 'read_chat' || operation === 'read_channel') && includeAttachments) {
@@ -419,7 +430,7 @@ export const MicrosoftTeamsBlock: BlockConfig<MicrosoftTeamsResponse> = {
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Microsoft Teams access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Microsoft Teams access token' },
     messageId: {
       type: 'string',
       description: 'Message identifier for update/delete/reply/reaction operations',

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/notion.ts

@@ -38,10 +38,21 @@ export const NotionBlock: BlockConfig<NotionResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Notion Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'notion',
       placeholder: 'Select Notion account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Notion Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     // Read/Write operation - Page ID
     {
       id: 'pageId',
@@ -302,7 +313,7 @@ export const NotionBlock: BlockConfig<NotionResponse> = {
         }
       },
       params: (params) => {
-        const { credential, operation, properties, filter, sorts, ...rest } = params
+        const { oauthCredential, operation, properties, filter, sorts, ...rest } = params
 
         // Parse properties from JSON string for create/add operations
         let parsedProperties
@@ -351,7 +362,7 @@ export const NotionBlock: BlockConfig<NotionResponse> = {
 
         return {
           ...rest,
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           ...(parsedProperties ? { properties: parsedProperties } : {}),
           ...(parsedFilter ? { filter: JSON.stringify(parsedFilter) } : {}),
           ...(parsedSorts ? { sorts: JSON.stringify(parsedSorts) } : {}),
@@ -361,7 +372,7 @@ export const NotionBlock: BlockConfig<NotionResponse> = {
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Notion access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Notion access token' },
     pageId: { type: 'string', description: 'Page identifier' },
     content: { type: 'string', description: 'Page content' },
     // Create page inputs

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/onedrive.ts

@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ export const OneDriveBlock: BlockConfig<OneDriveResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Microsoft Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'onedrive',
       requiredScopes: [
         'openid',
@@ -50,6 +52,14 @@ export const OneDriveBlock: BlockConfig<OneDriveResponse> = {
       ],
       placeholder: 'Select Microsoft account',
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Microsoft Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+    },
     // Create File Fields
     {
       id: 'fileName',
@@ -355,7 +365,7 @@ export const OneDriveBlock: BlockConfig<OneDriveResponse> = {
       },
       params: (params) => {
         const {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           // Folder canonical params (per-operation)
           uploadFolderId,
           createFolderParentId,
@@ -405,7 +415,7 @@ export const OneDriveBlock: BlockConfig<OneDriveResponse> = {
         }
 
         return {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           ...rest,
           values: normalizedValues,
           file: normalizedFile,
@@ -420,7 +430,7 @@ export const OneDriveBlock: BlockConfig<OneDriveResponse> = {
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Microsoft account credential' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Microsoft account credential' },
     // Upload and Create operation inputs
     fileName: { type: 'string', description: 'File name' },
     file: { type: 'json', description: 'File to upload (UserFile object)' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/outlook.ts

@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ export const OutlookBlock: BlockConfig<OutlookResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Microsoft Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'outlook',
       requiredScopes: [
         'Mail.ReadWrite',
@@ -53,6 +55,15 @@ export const OutlookBlock: BlockConfig<OutlookResponse> = {
       placeholder: 'Select Microsoft account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Microsoft Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     {
       id: 'to',
       title: 'To',
@@ -326,7 +337,7 @@ export const OutlookBlock: BlockConfig<OutlookResponse> = {
       },
       params: (params) => {
         const {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           folder,
           destinationId,
           copyDestinationId,
@@ -385,14 +396,14 @@ export const OutlookBlock: BlockConfig<OutlookResponse> = {
 
         return {
           ...rest,
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
         }
       },
     },
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Outlook access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Outlook access token' },
     // Send operation inputs
     to: { type: 'string', description: 'Recipient email address' },
     subject: { type: 'string', description: 'Email subject' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/pipedrive.ts

@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ export const PipedriveBlock: BlockConfig<PipedriveResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Pipedrive Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'pipedrive',
       requiredScopes: [
         'base',
@@ -58,6 +60,15 @@ export const PipedriveBlock: BlockConfig<PipedriveResponse> = {
       placeholder: 'Select Pipedrive account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Pipedrive Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     {
       id: 'status',
       title: 'Status',
@@ -746,10 +757,10 @@ Return ONLY the date string in YYYY-MM-DD format - no explanations, no quotes, n
         }
       },
       params: (params) => {
-        const { credential, operation, ...rest } = params
+        const { oauthCredential, operation, ...rest } = params
 
         const cleanParams: Record<string, any> = {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
         }
 
         Object.entries(rest).forEach(([key, value]) => {
@@ -764,7 +775,7 @@ Return ONLY the date string in YYYY-MM-DD format - no explanations, no quotes, n
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Pipedrive access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Pipedrive access token' },
     deal_id: { type: 'string', description: 'Deal ID' },
     title: { type: 'string', description: 'Title' },
     value: { type: 'string', description: 'Monetary value' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/reddit.ts

@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ export const RedditBlock: BlockConfig<RedditResponse> = {
       title: 'Reddit Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
       serviceId: 'reddit',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       requiredScopes: [
         'identity',
         'read',
@@ -64,6 +66,15 @@ export const RedditBlock: BlockConfig<RedditResponse> = {
       placeholder: 'Select Reddit account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Reddit Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
 
     // Common fields - appear for all actions
     {
@@ -555,7 +566,7 @@ export const RedditBlock: BlockConfig<RedditResponse> = {
       },
       params: (inputs) => {
         const operation = inputs.operation || 'get_posts'
-        const { credential, ...rest } = inputs
+        const { oauthCredential, ...rest } = inputs
 
         if (operation === 'get_comments') {
           return {
@@ -563,7 +574,7 @@ export const RedditBlock: BlockConfig<RedditResponse> = {
             subreddit: rest.subreddit,
             sort: rest.commentSort,
             limit: rest.commentLimit ? Number.parseInt(rest.commentLimit) : undefined,
-            credential: credential,
+            oauthCredential: oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
@@ -572,7 +583,7 @@ export const RedditBlock: BlockConfig<RedditResponse> = {
             subreddit: rest.subreddit,
             time: rest.controversialTime,
             limit: rest.controversialLimit ? Number.parseInt(rest.controversialLimit) : undefined,
-            credential: credential,
+            oauthCredential: oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
@@ -583,7 +594,7 @@ export const RedditBlock: BlockConfig<RedditResponse> = {
             sort: rest.searchSort,
             time: rest.searchTime,
             limit: rest.searchLimit ? Number.parseInt(rest.searchLimit) : undefined,
-            credential: credential,
+            oauthCredential: oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
@@ -595,7 +606,7 @@ export const RedditBlock: BlockConfig<RedditResponse> = {
             url: rest.postType === 'link' ? rest.url : undefined,
             nsfw: rest.nsfw === 'true',
             spoiler: rest.spoiler === 'true',
-            credential: credential,
+            oauthCredential: oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
@@ -603,7 +614,7 @@ export const RedditBlock: BlockConfig<RedditResponse> = {
           return {
             id: rest.voteId,
             dir: Number.parseInt(rest.voteDirection),
-            credential: credential,
+            oauthCredential: oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
@@ -611,14 +622,14 @@ export const RedditBlock: BlockConfig<RedditResponse> = {
           return {
             id: rest.saveId,
             category: rest.saveCategory,
-            credential: credential,
+            oauthCredential: oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
         if (operation === 'unsave') {
           return {
             id: rest.saveId,
-            credential: credential,
+            oauthCredential: oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
@@ -626,7 +637,7 @@ export const RedditBlock: BlockConfig<RedditResponse> = {
           return {
             parent_id: rest.replyParentId,
             text: rest.replyText,
-            credential: credential,
+            oauthCredential: oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
@@ -634,14 +645,14 @@ export const RedditBlock: BlockConfig<RedditResponse> = {
           return {
             thing_id: rest.editThingId,
             text: rest.editText,
-            credential: credential,
+            oauthCredential: oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
         if (operation === 'delete') {
           return {
             id: rest.deleteId,
-            credential: credential,
+            oauthCredential: oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
@@ -649,7 +660,7 @@ export const RedditBlock: BlockConfig<RedditResponse> = {
           return {
             subreddit: rest.subscribeSubreddit,
             action: rest.subscribeAction,
-            credential: credential,
+            oauthCredential: oauthCredential,
           }
         }
 
@@ -658,14 +669,14 @@ export const RedditBlock: BlockConfig<RedditResponse> = {
           sort: rest.sort,
           limit: rest.limit ? Number.parseInt(rest.limit) : undefined,
           time: rest.sort === 'top' ? rest.time : undefined,
-          credential: credential,
+          oauthCredential: oauthCredential,
         }
       },
     },
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Reddit access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Reddit access token' },
     subreddit: { type: 'string', description: 'Subreddit name' },
     sort: { type: 'string', description: 'Sort order' },
     time: { type: 'string', description: 'Time filter' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/salesforce.ts

@@ -62,11 +62,22 @@ export const SalesforceBlock: BlockConfig<SalesforceResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Salesforce Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'salesforce',
       requiredScopes: ['api', 'refresh_token', 'openid', 'offline_access'],
       placeholder: 'Select Salesforce account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Salesforce Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     // Common fields for GET operations
     {
       id: 'fields',
@@ -614,8 +625,8 @@ Return ONLY the date string in YYYY-MM-DD format - no explanations, no quotes, n
         }
       },
       params: (params) => {
-        const { credential, operation, ...rest } = params
+        const { oauthCredential, operation, ...rest } = params
-        const cleanParams: Record<string, any> = { credential }
+        const cleanParams: Record<string, any> = { oauthCredential }
         Object.entries(rest).forEach(([key, value]) => {
           if (value !== undefined && value !== null && value !== '') {
             cleanParams[key] = value
@@ -627,7 +638,7 @@ Return ONLY the date string in YYYY-MM-DD format - no explanations, no quotes, n
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Salesforce credential' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Salesforce credential' },
   },
   outputs: {
     success: { type: 'boolean', description: 'Operation success status' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/schedule.ts

@@ -122,25 +122,6 @@ export const ScheduleBlock: BlockConfig = {
       required: true,
       mode: 'trigger',
       condition: { field: 'scheduleType', value: 'custom' },
-      wandConfig: {
-        enabled: true,
-        prompt: `You are an expert at writing cron expressions. Generate a valid cron expression based on the user's description.
-
-Cron format: minute hour day-of-month month day-of-week
-- minute: 0-59
-- hour: 0-23
-- day-of-month: 1-31
-- month: 1-12
-- day-of-week: 0-7 (0 and 7 are Sunday)
-
-Special characters: * (any), , (list), - (range), / (step)
-
-{context}
-
-Return ONLY the cron expression, nothing else. No explanation, no backticks, no quotes.`,
-        placeholder: 'Describe your schedule (e.g., "every weekday at 9am")',
-        generationType: 'cron-expression',
-      },
     },
 
     {

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/sharepoint.ts

@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ export const SharepointBlock: BlockConfig<SharepointResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Microsoft Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'sharepoint',
       requiredScopes: [
         'openid',
@@ -50,6 +52,14 @@ export const SharepointBlock: BlockConfig<SharepointResponse> = {
       ],
       placeholder: 'Select Microsoft account',
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Microsoft Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+    },
 
     {
       id: 'siteSelector',
@@ -403,7 +413,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON object - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
         }
       },
       params: (params) => {
-        const { credential, siteId, mimeType, ...rest } = params
+        const { oauthCredential, siteId, mimeType, ...rest } = params
 
         // siteId is the canonical param from siteSelector (basic) or manualSiteId (advanced)
         const effectiveSiteId = siteId ? String(siteId).trim() : ''
@@ -461,7 +471,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON object - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
         // Handle file upload files parameter using canonical param
         const normalizedFiles = normalizeFileInput(files)
         const baseParams: Record<string, any> = {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           siteId: effectiveSiteId || undefined,
           pageSize: others.pageSize ? Number.parseInt(others.pageSize as string, 10) : undefined,
           mimeType: mimeType,
@@ -487,7 +497,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON object - no explanations, no markdown, no extra text.`,
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Microsoft account credential' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Microsoft account credential' },
     pageName: { type: 'string', description: 'Page name' },
     columnDefinitions: {
       type: 'string',

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/shopify.ts

@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ export const ShopifyBlock: BlockConfig<ShopifyResponse> = {
       title: 'Shopify Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
       serviceId: 'shopify',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       requiredScopes: [
         'write_products',
         'write_orders',
@@ -72,6 +74,15 @@ export const ShopifyBlock: BlockConfig<ShopifyResponse> = {
       placeholder: 'Select Shopify account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Shopify Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     {
       id: 'shopDomain',
       title: 'Shop Domain',
@@ -527,7 +538,7 @@ export const ShopifyBlock: BlockConfig<ShopifyResponse> = {
       },
       params: (params) => {
         const baseParams: Record<string, unknown> = {
-          credential: params.credential,
+          oauthCredential: params.oauthCredential,
           shopDomain: params.shopDomain?.trim(),
         }
 
@@ -774,7 +785,7 @@ export const ShopifyBlock: BlockConfig<ShopifyResponse> = {
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Shopify access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Shopify access token' },
     shopDomain: { type: 'string', description: 'Shopify store domain' },
     // Product inputs
     productId: { type: 'string', description: 'Product ID' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/slack.ts

@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ export const SlackBlock: BlockConfig<SlackResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Slack Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'slack',
       requiredScopes: [
         'channels:read',
@@ -94,6 +96,20 @@ export const SlackBlock: BlockConfig<SlackResponse> = {
       },
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Slack Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      dependsOn: ['authMethod'],
+      condition: {
+        field: 'authMethod',
+        value: 'oauth',
+      },
+      required: true,
+    },
     {
       id: 'botToken',
       title: 'Bot Token',
@@ -547,7 +563,7 @@ Return ONLY the timestamp string - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
       },
       params: (params) => {
         const {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           authMethod,
           botToken,
           operation,
@@ -597,7 +613,7 @@ Return ONLY the timestamp string - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
           baseParams.accessToken = botToken
         } else {
           // Default to OAuth
-          baseParams.credential = credential
+          baseParams.credential = oauthCredential
         }
 
         switch (operation) {
@@ -701,7 +717,7 @@ Return ONLY the timestamp string - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
     authMethod: { type: 'string', description: 'Authentication method' },
     destinationType: { type: 'string', description: 'Destination type (channel or dm)' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Slack access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Slack access token' },
     botToken: { type: 'string', description: 'Bot token' },
     channel: { type: 'string', description: 'Channel identifier (canonical param)' },
     dmUserId: { type: 'string', description: 'User ID for DM recipient (canonical param)' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/spotify.ts

@@ -160,6 +160,17 @@ export const SpotifyBlock: BlockConfig<ToolResponse> = {
       title: 'Spotify Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
       serviceId: 'spotify',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
+      required: true,
+    },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Spotify Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
       required: true,
     },
 
@@ -796,7 +807,7 @@ export const SpotifyBlock: BlockConfig<ToolResponse> = {
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Spotify OAuth credential' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Spotify OAuth credential' },
     // Search
     query: { type: 'string', description: 'Search query' },
     type: { type: 'string', description: 'Search type' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/trello.ts

@@ -42,10 +42,21 @@ export const TrelloBlock: BlockConfig<ToolResponse> = {
       title: 'Trello Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
       serviceId: 'trello',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       requiredScopes: ['read', 'write'],
       placeholder: 'Select Trello account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Trello Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
 
     {
       id: 'boardId',
@@ -394,7 +405,7 @@ Return ONLY the date/timestamp string - no explanations, no quotes, no extra tex
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Trello operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Trello OAuth credential' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Trello OAuth credential' },
     boardId: { type: 'string', description: 'Board ID' },
     listId: { type: 'string', description: 'List ID' },
     cardId: { type: 'string', description: 'Card ID' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/wealthbox.ts

@@ -33,11 +33,22 @@ export const WealthboxBlock: BlockConfig<WealthboxResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Wealthbox Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'wealthbox',
       requiredScopes: ['login', 'data'],
       placeholder: 'Select Wealthbox account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Wealthbox Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     {
       id: 'noteId',
       title: 'Note ID',
@@ -169,14 +180,14 @@ Return ONLY the date/time string - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
         }
       },
       params: (params) => {
-        const { credential, operation, contactId, taskId, ...rest } = params
+        const { oauthCredential, operation, contactId, taskId, ...rest } = params
 
         // contactId is the canonical param for both basic (file-selector) and advanced (manualContactId) modes
         const effectiveContactId = contactId ? String(contactId).trim() : ''
 
         const baseParams = {
           ...rest,
-          credential,
+          credential: oauthCredential,
         }
 
         if (operation === 'read_note' || operation === 'write_note') {
@@ -220,7 +231,7 @@ Return ONLY the date/time string - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Wealthbox access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Wealthbox access token' },
     noteId: { type: 'string', description: 'Note identifier' },
     contactId: { type: 'string', description: 'Contact identifier' },
     taskId: { type: 'string', description: 'Task identifier' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/webflow.ts

@@ -34,11 +34,22 @@ export const WebflowBlock: BlockConfig<WebflowResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'Webflow Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'webflow',
       requiredScopes: ['sites:read', 'sites:write', 'cms:read', 'cms:write'],
       placeholder: 'Select Webflow account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Webflow Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     {
       id: 'siteSelector',
       title: 'Site',
@@ -156,7 +167,7 @@ export const WebflowBlock: BlockConfig<WebflowResponse> = {
       },
       params: (params) => {
         const {
-          credential,
+          oauthCredential,
           fieldData,
           siteId, // Canonical param from siteSelector (basic) or manualSiteId (advanced)
           collectionId, // Canonical param from collectionSelector (basic) or manualCollectionId (advanced)
@@ -178,7 +189,7 @@ export const WebflowBlock: BlockConfig<WebflowResponse> = {
         const effectiveItemId = itemId ? String(itemId).trim() : ''
 
         const baseParams = {
-          credential,
+          credential: oauthCredential,
           siteId: effectiveSiteId,
           collectionId: effectiveCollectionId,
           ...rest,
@@ -203,7 +214,7 @@ export const WebflowBlock: BlockConfig<WebflowResponse> = {
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Webflow OAuth access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Webflow OAuth access token' },
     siteId: { type: 'string', description: 'Webflow site identifier' },
     collectionId: { type: 'string', description: 'Webflow collection identifier' },
     itemId: { type: 'string', description: 'Item identifier' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/wordpress.ts

@@ -65,11 +65,22 @@ export const WordPressBlock: BlockConfig<WordPressResponse> = {
       id: 'credential',
       title: 'WordPress Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       serviceId: 'wordpress',
       requiredScopes: ['global'],
       placeholder: 'Select WordPress account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'WordPress Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
 
     // Site ID for WordPress.com (required for OAuth)
     {
@@ -667,7 +678,7 @@ export const WordPressBlock: BlockConfig<WordPressResponse> = {
       params: (params) => {
         // OAuth authentication for WordPress.com
         const baseParams: Record<string, any> = {
-          credential: params.credential,
+          credential: params.oauthCredential,
           siteId: params.siteId,
         }
 
@@ -890,6 +901,7 @@ export const WordPressBlock: BlockConfig<WordPressResponse> = {
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'WordPress OAuth credential' },
     siteId: { type: 'string', description: 'WordPress.com site ID or domain' },
     // Post inputs
     postId: { type: 'number', description: 'Post ID' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/x.ts

@@ -32,9 +32,19 @@ export const XBlock: BlockConfig<XResponse> = {
       title: 'X Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
       serviceId: 'x',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       requiredScopes: ['tweet.read', 'tweet.write', 'users.read', 'offline.access'],
       placeholder: 'Select X account',
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'X Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+    },
     {
       id: 'text',
       title: 'Tweet Text',
@@ -171,10 +181,10 @@ Return ONLY the timestamp string - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
         }
       },
       params: (params) => {
-        const { credential, ...rest } = params
+        const { oauthCredential, ...rest } = params
 
         const parsedParams: Record<string, any> = {
-          credential: credential,
+          credential: oauthCredential,
         }
 
         Object.keys(rest).forEach((key) => {
@@ -200,7 +210,7 @@ Return ONLY the timestamp string - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'X account credential' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'X account credential' },
     text: { type: 'string', description: 'Tweet text content' },
     replyTo: { type: 'string', description: 'Reply to tweet ID' },
     mediaIds: { type: 'string', description: 'Media identifiers' },

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/zoom.ts

@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ export const ZoomBlock: BlockConfig<ZoomResponse> = {
       title: 'Zoom Account',
       type: 'oauth-input',
       serviceId: 'zoom',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'basic',
       requiredScopes: [
         'user:read:user',
         'meeting:write:meeting',
@@ -54,6 +56,15 @@ export const ZoomBlock: BlockConfig<ZoomResponse> = {
       placeholder: 'Select Zoom account',
       required: true,
     },
+    {
+      id: 'manualCredential',
+      title: 'Zoom Account',
+      type: 'short-input',
+      canonicalParamId: 'oauthCredential',
+      mode: 'advanced',
+      placeholder: 'Enter credential ID',
+      required: true,
+    },
     // User ID for create/list operations
     {
       id: 'userId',
@@ -413,7 +424,7 @@ Return ONLY the date string - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
       },
       params: (params) => {
         const baseParams: Record<string, any> = {
-          credential: params.credential,
+          credential: params.oauthCredential,
         }
 
         switch (params.operation) {
@@ -558,7 +569,7 @@ Return ONLY the date string - no explanations, no quotes, no extra text.`,
   },
   inputs: {
     operation: { type: 'string', description: 'Operation to perform' },
-    credential: { type: 'string', description: 'Zoom access token' },
+    oauthCredential: { type: 'string', description: 'Zoom access token' },
     userId: { type: 'string', description: 'User ID or email (use "me" for authenticated user)' },
     meetingId: { type: 'string', description: 'Meeting ID' },
     topic: { type: 'string', description: 'Meeting topic' },

apps/sim/blocks/types.ts

@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ export type GenerationType =
   | 'neo4j-parameters'
   | 'timestamp'
   | 'timezone'
-  | 'cron-expression'
 
 export type SubBlockType =
   | 'short-input' // Single line input

apps/sim/executor/constants.ts

@@ -205,10 +205,6 @@ export const CREDENTIAL_SET = {
   PREFIX: 'credentialSet:',
 } as const
 
-export const CREDENTIAL = {
-  FOREIGN_LABEL: 'Saved by collaborator',
-} as const
-
 export function isCredentialSetValue(value: string | null | undefined): boolean {
   return typeof value === 'string' && value.startsWith(CREDENTIAL_SET.PREFIX)
 }

apps/sim/executor/execution/executor.ts

@@ -264,6 +264,7 @@ export class DAGExecutor {
       executionId: this.contextExtensions.executionId,
       userId: this.contextExtensions.userId,
       isDeployedContext: this.contextExtensions.isDeployedContext,
+      enforceCredentialAccess: this.contextExtensions.enforceCredentialAccess,
       blockStates: state.getBlockStates(),
       blockLogs: overrides?.runFromBlockContext ? [] : (snapshotState?.blockLogs ?? []),
       metadata: {

apps/sim/executor/execution/types.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ export interface ExecutionMetadata {
   useDraftState: boolean
   startTime: string
   isClientSession?: boolean
+  enforceCredentialAccess?: boolean
   pendingBlocks?: string[]
   resumeFromSnapshot?: boolean
   credentialAccountUserId?: string
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ export interface ContextExtensions {
   selectedOutputs?: string[]
   edges?: Array<{ source: string; target: string }>
   isDeployedContext?: boolean
+  enforceCredentialAccess?: boolean
   isChildExecution?: boolean
   resumeFromSnapshot?: boolean
   resumePendingQueue?: string[]

apps/sim/executor/handlers/agent/agent-handler.ts

@@ -336,6 +336,7 @@ export class AgentBlockHandler implements BlockHandler {
               workspaceId: ctx.workspaceId,
               userId: ctx.userId,
               isDeployedContext: ctx.isDeployedContext,
+              enforceCredentialAccess: ctx.enforceCredentialAccess,
             },
           },
           false,

apps/sim/executor/handlers/api/api-handler.ts

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ export class ApiBlockHandler implements BlockHandler {
             executionId: ctx.executionId,
             userId: ctx.userId,
             isDeployedContext: ctx.isDeployedContext,
+            enforceCredentialAccess: ctx.enforceCredentialAccess,
           },
         },
         false,

apps/sim/executor/handlers/condition/condition-handler.ts

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ export async function evaluateConditionExpression(
           workspaceId: ctx.workspaceId,
           userId: ctx.userId,
           isDeployedContext: ctx.isDeployedContext,
+          enforceCredentialAccess: ctx.enforceCredentialAccess,
         },
       },
       false,

apps/sim/executor/handlers/function/function-handler.ts

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ export class FunctionBlockHandler implements BlockHandler {
           workspaceId: ctx.workspaceId,
           userId: ctx.userId,
           isDeployedContext: ctx.isDeployedContext,
+          enforceCredentialAccess: ctx.enforceCredentialAccess,
         },
       },
       false,

apps/sim/executor/handlers/generic/generic-handler.ts

@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ export class GenericBlockHandler implements BlockHandler {
             executionId: ctx.executionId,
             userId: ctx.userId,
             isDeployedContext: ctx.isDeployedContext,
+            enforceCredentialAccess: ctx.enforceCredentialAccess,
           },
         },
         false,

apps/sim/executor/handlers/human-in-the-loop/human-in-the-loop-handler.ts

@@ -607,6 +607,7 @@ export class HumanInTheLoopBlockHandler implements BlockHandler {
             workspaceId: ctx.workspaceId,
             userId: ctx.userId,
             isDeployedContext: ctx.isDeployedContext,
+            enforceCredentialAccess: ctx.enforceCredentialAccess,
           },
           blockData: blockDataWithPause,
           blockNameMapping: blockNameMappingWithPause,

apps/sim/executor/handlers/workflow/workflow-handler.ts

@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ export class WorkflowBlockHandler implements BlockHandler {
         contextExtensions: {
           isChildExecution: true,
           isDeployedContext: ctx.isDeployedContext === true,
+          enforceCredentialAccess: ctx.enforceCredentialAccess,
           workspaceId: ctx.workspaceId,
           userId: ctx.userId,
           executionId: ctx.executionId,

apps/sim/executor/types.ts

@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ export interface ExecutionContext {
   executionId?: string
   userId?: string
   isDeployedContext?: boolean
+  enforceCredentialAccess?: boolean
 
   permissionConfig?: PermissionGroupConfig | null
   permissionConfigLoaded?: boolean

apps/sim/hooks/queries/credentials.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+'use client'
+
+import { useMutation, useQuery, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query'
+import { environmentKeys } from '@/hooks/queries/environment'
+import { fetchJson } from '@/hooks/selectors/helpers'
+
+export type WorkspaceCredentialType = 'oauth' | 'env_workspace' | 'env_personal'
+export type WorkspaceCredentialRole = 'admin' | 'member'
+export type WorkspaceCredentialMemberStatus = 'active' | 'pending' | 'revoked'
+
+export interface WorkspaceCredential {
+  id: string
+  workspaceId: string
+  type: WorkspaceCredentialType
+  displayName: string
+  description: string | null
+  providerId: string | null
+  accountId: string | null
+  envKey: string | null
+  envOwnerUserId: string | null
+  createdBy: string
+  createdAt: string
+  updatedAt: string
+  role?: WorkspaceCredentialRole
+  status?: WorkspaceCredentialMemberStatus
+}
+
+export interface WorkspaceCredentialMember {
+  id: string
+  userId: string
+  role: WorkspaceCredentialRole
+  status: WorkspaceCredentialMemberStatus
+  joinedAt: string | null
+  invitedBy: string | null
+  createdAt: string
+  updatedAt: string
+  userName: string | null
+  userEmail: string | null
+  userImage: string | null
+}
+
+interface CredentialListResponse {
+  credentials?: WorkspaceCredential[]
+}
+
+interface CredentialResponse {
+  credential?: WorkspaceCredential | null
+}
+
+interface MembersResponse {
+  members?: WorkspaceCredentialMember[]
+}
+
+export const workspaceCredentialKeys = {
+  all: ['workspaceCredentials'] as const,
+  list: (workspaceId?: string, type?: string, providerId?: string) =>
+    ['workspaceCredentials', workspaceId ?? 'none', type ?? 'all', providerId ?? 'all'] as const,
+  detail: (credentialId?: string) =>
+    ['workspaceCredentials', 'detail', credentialId ?? 'none'] as const,
+  members: (credentialId?: string) =>
+    ['workspaceCredentials', 'detail', credentialId ?? 'none', 'members'] as const,
+}
+
+export function useWorkspaceCredentials(params: {
+  workspaceId?: string
+  type?: WorkspaceCredentialType
+  providerId?: string
+  enabled?: boolean
+}) {
+  const { workspaceId, type, providerId, enabled = true } = params
+
+  return useQuery<WorkspaceCredential[]>({
+    queryKey: workspaceCredentialKeys.list(workspaceId, type, providerId),
+    queryFn: async () => {
+      if (!workspaceId) return []
+      const data = await fetchJson<CredentialListResponse>('/api/credentials', {
+        searchParams: {
+          workspaceId,
+          type,
+          providerId,
+        },
+      })
+      return data.credentials ?? []
+    },
+    enabled: Boolean(workspaceId) && enabled,
+    staleTime: 60 * 1000,
+  })
+}
+
+export function useWorkspaceCredential(credentialId?: string, enabled = true) {
+  return useQuery<WorkspaceCredential | null>({
+    queryKey: workspaceCredentialKeys.detail(credentialId),
+    queryFn: async () => {
+      if (!credentialId) return null
+      const data = await fetchJson<CredentialResponse>(`/api/credentials/${credentialId}`)
+      return data.credential ?? null
+    },
+    enabled: Boolean(credentialId) && enabled,
+    staleTime: 60 * 1000,
+  })
+}
+
+export function useCreateWorkspaceCredential() {
+  const queryClient = useQueryClient()
+
+  return useMutation({
+    mutationFn: async (payload: {
+      workspaceId: string
+      type: WorkspaceCredentialType
+      displayName?: string
+      description?: string
+      providerId?: string
+      accountId?: string
+      envKey?: string
+      envOwnerUserId?: string
+    }) => {
+      const response = await fetch('/api/credentials', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify(payload),
+      })
+
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        const data = await response.json()
+        throw new Error(data.error || 'Failed to create credential')
+      }
+
+      return response.json()
+    },
+    onSuccess: (_data, variables) => {
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({
+        queryKey: workspaceCredentialKeys.list(variables.workspaceId),
+      })
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({
+        queryKey: workspaceCredentialKeys.all,
+      })
+    },
+  })
+}
+
+export function useUpdateWorkspaceCredential() {
+  const queryClient = useQueryClient()
+
+  return useMutation({
+    mutationFn: async (payload: {
+      credentialId: string
+      displayName?: string
+      description?: string | null
+      accountId?: string
+    }) => {
+      const response = await fetch(`/api/credentials/${payload.credentialId}`, {
+        method: 'PUT',
+        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          displayName: payload.displayName,
+          description: payload.description,
+          accountId: payload.accountId,
+        }),
+      })
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        const data = await response.json()
+        throw new Error(data.error || 'Failed to update credential')
+      }
+      return response.json()
+    },
+    onSuccess: (_data, variables) => {
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({
+        queryKey: workspaceCredentialKeys.detail(variables.credentialId),
+      })
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({
+        queryKey: workspaceCredentialKeys.all,
+      })
+    },
+  })
+}
+
+export function useDeleteWorkspaceCredential() {
+  const queryClient = useQueryClient()
+
+  return useMutation({
+    mutationFn: async (credentialId: string) => {
+      const response = await fetch(`/api/credentials/${credentialId}`, {
+        method: 'DELETE',
+      })
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        const data = await response.json()
+        throw new Error(data.error || 'Failed to delete credential')
+      }
+      return response.json()
+    },
+    onSuccess: (_data, credentialId) => {
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: workspaceCredentialKeys.detail(credentialId) })
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: workspaceCredentialKeys.all })
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: environmentKeys.all })
+    },
+  })
+}
+
+export function useWorkspaceCredentialMembers(credentialId?: string) {
+  return useQuery<WorkspaceCredentialMember[]>({
+    queryKey: workspaceCredentialKeys.members(credentialId),
+    queryFn: async () => {
+      if (!credentialId) return []
+      const data = await fetchJson<MembersResponse>(`/api/credentials/${credentialId}/members`)
+      return data.members ?? []
+    },
+    enabled: Boolean(credentialId),
+    staleTime: 30 * 1000,
+  })
+}
+
+export function useUpsertWorkspaceCredentialMember() {
+  const queryClient = useQueryClient()
+
+  return useMutation({
+    mutationFn: async (payload: {
+      credentialId: string
+      userId: string
+      role: WorkspaceCredentialRole
+    }) => {
+      const response = await fetch(`/api/credentials/${payload.credentialId}/members`, {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          userId: payload.userId,
+          role: payload.role,
+        }),
+      })
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        const data = await response.json()
+        throw new Error(data.error || 'Failed to update credential member')
+      }
+      return response.json()
+    },
+    onSuccess: (_data, variables) => {
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({
+        queryKey: workspaceCredentialKeys.members(variables.credentialId),
+      })
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({
+        queryKey: workspaceCredentialKeys.detail(variables.credentialId),
+      })
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: workspaceCredentialKeys.all })
+    },
+  })
+}
+
+export function useRemoveWorkspaceCredentialMember() {
+  const queryClient = useQueryClient()
+
+  return useMutation({
+    mutationFn: async (payload: { credentialId: string; userId: string }) => {
+      const response = await fetch(
+        `/api/credentials/${payload.credentialId}/members?userId=${encodeURIComponent(payload.userId)}`,
+        { method: 'DELETE' }
+      )
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        const data = await response.json()
+        throw new Error(data.error || 'Failed to remove credential member')
+      }
+      return response.json()
+    },
+    onSuccess: (_data, variables) => {
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({
+        queryKey: workspaceCredentialKeys.members(variables.credentialId),
+      })
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({
+        queryKey: workspaceCredentialKeys.detail(variables.credentialId),
+      })
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: workspaceCredentialKeys.all })
+    },
+  })
+}