fix run from block tracespan

Resolved conflicts:
- stt/route.ts: Keep both execution timeout and security imports
- textract/parse/route.ts: Keep both execution timeout and validation imports
- use-workflow-execution.ts: Keep cancellation console entry from feature branch
- input-validation.ts: Remove server functions (moved to .server.ts in staging)
- tools/index.ts: Keep execution timeout, use .server import for security

apps/docs/content/docs/en/execution/costs.mdx

@@ -213,6 +213,25 @@ Different subscription plans have different usage limits:
 | **Team** | $40/seat (pooled, adjustable) | 300 sync, 2,500 async |
 | **Enterprise** | Custom | Custom |
 
+## Execution Time Limits
+
+Workflows have maximum execution time limits based on your subscription plan:
+
+| Plan | Sync Execution | Async Execution |
+|------|----------------|-----------------|
+| **Free** | 5 minutes | 10 minutes |
+| **Pro** | 60 minutes | 90 minutes |
+| **Team** | 60 minutes | 90 minutes |
+| **Enterprise** | 60 minutes | 90 minutes |
+
+**Sync executions** run immediately and return results directly. These are triggered via the API with `async: false` (default) or through the UI.
+**Async executions** (triggered via API with `async: true`, webhooks, or schedules) run in the background. Async time limits are up to 2x the sync limit, capped at 90 minutes.
+
+
+<Callout type="info">
+  If a workflow exceeds its time limit, it will be terminated and marked as failed with a timeout error. Design long-running workflows to use async execution or break them into smaller workflows.
+</Callout>
+
 ## Billing Model
 
 Sim uses a **base subscription + overage** billing model:

apps/sim/app/(landing)/components/landing-pricing/landing-pricing.tsx

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import {
   Database,
   DollarSign,
   HardDrive,
-  Workflow,
+  Timer,
 } from 'lucide-react'
 import { useRouter } from 'next/navigation'
 import { cn } from '@/lib/core/utils/cn'
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ interface PricingTier {
 const FREE_PLAN_FEATURES: PricingFeature[] = [
   { icon: DollarSign, text: '$20 usage limit' },
   { icon: HardDrive, text: '5GB file storage' },
-  { icon: Workflow, text: 'Public template access' },
+  { icon: Timer, text: '5 min execution limit' },
   { icon: Database, text: 'Limited log retention' },
   { icon: Code2, text: 'CLI/SDK Access' },
 ]

apps/sim/app/api/cron/cleanup-stale-executions/route.ts

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@ import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { and, eq, lt, sql } from 'drizzle-orm'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { verifyCronAuth } from '@/lib/auth/internal'
+import { getMaxExecutionTimeout } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 
 const logger = createLogger('CleanupStaleExecutions')
 
-const STALE_THRESHOLD_MINUTES = 30
+const STALE_THRESHOLD_MS = getMaxExecutionTimeout() + 5 * 60 * 1000
+const STALE_THRESHOLD_MINUTES = Math.ceil(STALE_THRESHOLD_MS / 60000)
 const MAX_INT32 = 2_147_483_647
 
 export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {

apps/sim/app/api/mcp/serve/[serverId]/route.ts

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import { and, eq } from 'drizzle-orm'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { checkHybridAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { generateInternalToken } from '@/lib/auth/internal'
+import { getMaxExecutionTimeout } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { getBaseUrl } from '@/lib/core/utils/urls'
 
 const logger = createLogger('WorkflowMcpServeAPI')
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ async function handleToolsCall(
       method: 'POST',
       headers,
       body: JSON.stringify({ input: params.arguments || {}, triggerType: 'mcp' }),
-      signal: AbortSignal.timeout(600000), // 10 minute timeout
+      signal: AbortSignal.timeout(getMaxExecutionTimeout()),
     })
 
     const executeResult = await response.json()

apps/sim/app/api/mcp/tools/execute/route.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import type { NextRequest } from 'next/server'
+import { getHighestPrioritySubscription } from '@/lib/billing/core/plan'
+import { getExecutionTimeout } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
+import type { SubscriptionPlan } from '@/lib/core/rate-limiter/types'
 import { getParsedBody, withMcpAuth } from '@/lib/mcp/middleware'
 import { mcpService } from '@/lib/mcp/service'
 import type { McpTool, McpToolCall, McpToolResult } from '@/lib/mcp/types'
@@ -7,7 +10,6 @@ import {
   categorizeError,
   createMcpErrorResponse,
   createMcpSuccessResponse,
-  MCP_CONSTANTS,
   validateStringParam,
 } from '@/lib/mcp/utils'
 
@@ -171,13 +173,16 @@ export const POST = withMcpAuth('read')(
         arguments: args,
       }
 
+      const userSubscription = await getHighestPrioritySubscription(userId)
+      const executionTimeout = getExecutionTimeout(
+        userSubscription?.plan as SubscriptionPlan | undefined,
+        'sync'
+      )
+
       const result = await Promise.race([
         mcpService.executeTool(userId, serverId, toolCall, workspaceId),
         new Promise<never>((_, reject) =>
-          setTimeout(
+          setTimeout(() => reject(new Error('Tool execution timeout')), executionTimeout)
-            () => reject(new Error('Tool execution timeout')),
-            MCP_CONSTANTS.EXECUTION_TIMEOUT
-          )
         ),
       ])
 

apps/sim/app/api/tools/dropbox/upload/route.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { httpHeaderSafeJson } from '@/lib/core/utils/validation'
 import { FileInputSchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
 import { processFilesToUserFiles, type RawFileInput } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
@@ -11,16 +12,6 @@ export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
 
 const logger = createLogger('DropboxUploadAPI')
 
-/**
- * Escapes non-ASCII characters in JSON string for HTTP header safety.
- * Dropbox API requires characters 0x7F and all non-ASCII to be escaped as \uXXXX.
- */
-function httpHeaderSafeJson(value: object): string {
-  return JSON.stringify(value).replace(/[\u007f-\uffff]/g, (c) => {
-    return '\\u' + ('0000' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4)
-  })
-}
-
 const DropboxUploadSchema = z.object({
   accessToken: z.string().min(1, 'Access token is required'),
   path: z.string().min(1, 'Destination path is required'),

apps/sim/app/api/tools/stt/route.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { extractAudioFromVideo, isVideoFile } from '@/lib/audio/extractor'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import {
   secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
   validateUrlWithDNS,
@@ -636,7 +637,8 @@ async function transcribeWithAssemblyAI(
 
   let transcript: any
   let attempts = 0
-  const maxAttempts = 60 // 5 minutes with 5-second intervals
+  const pollIntervalMs = 5000
+  const maxAttempts = Math.ceil(DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS / pollIntervalMs)
 
   while (attempts < maxAttempts) {
     const statusResponse = await fetch(`https://api.assemblyai.com/v2/transcript/${id}`, {

apps/sim/app/api/tools/textract/parse/route.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { validateAwsRegion, validateS3BucketName } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation'
 import {
   secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
@@ -226,8 +227,8 @@ async function pollForJobCompletion(
   useAnalyzeDocument: boolean,
   requestId: string
 ): Promise<Record<string, unknown>> {
-  const pollIntervalMs = 5000 // 5 seconds between polls
+  const pollIntervalMs = 5000
-  const maxPollTimeMs = 180000 // 3 minutes maximum polling time
+  const maxPollTimeMs = DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS
   const maxAttempts = Math.ceil(maxPollTimeMs / pollIntervalMs)
 
   const getTarget = useAnalyzeDocument

apps/sim/app/api/tools/tts/route.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import type { NextRequest } from 'next/server'
 import { NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { validateAlphanumericId } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation'
 import { getBaseUrl } from '@/lib/core/utils/urls'
 import { StorageService } from '@/lib/uploads'
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
         text,
         model_id: modelId,
       }),
-      signal: AbortSignal.timeout(60000),
+      signal: AbortSignal.timeout(DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS),
     })
 
     if (!response.ok) {

apps/sim/app/api/tools/video/route.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { getMaxExecutionTimeout } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
 import type { UserFile } from '@/executor/types'
 import type { VideoRequestBody } from '@/tools/video/types'
@@ -326,11 +327,12 @@ async function generateWithRunway(
 
   logger.info(`[${requestId}] Runway task created: ${taskId}`)
 
-  const maxAttempts = 120 // 10 minutes with 5-second intervals
+  const pollIntervalMs = 5000
+  const maxAttempts = Math.ceil(getMaxExecutionTimeout() / pollIntervalMs)
   let attempts = 0
 
   while (attempts < maxAttempts) {
-    await sleep(5000) // Poll every 5 seconds
+    await sleep(pollIntervalMs)
 
     const statusResponse = await fetch(`https://api.dev.runwayml.com/v1/tasks/${taskId}`, {
       headers: {
@@ -370,7 +372,7 @@ async function generateWithRunway(
     attempts++
   }
 
-  throw new Error('Runway generation timed out after 10 minutes')
+  throw new Error('Runway generation timed out')
 }
 
 async function generateWithVeo(
@@ -429,11 +431,12 @@ async function generateWithVeo(
 
   logger.info(`[${requestId}] Veo operation created: ${operationName}`)
 
-  const maxAttempts = 60 // 5 minutes with 5-second intervals
+  const pollIntervalMs = 5000
+  const maxAttempts = Math.ceil(getMaxExecutionTimeout() / pollIntervalMs)
   let attempts = 0
 
   while (attempts < maxAttempts) {
-    await sleep(5000)
+    await sleep(pollIntervalMs)
 
     const statusResponse = await fetch(
       `https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/${operationName}`,
@@ -485,7 +488,7 @@ async function generateWithVeo(
     attempts++
   }
 
-  throw new Error('Veo generation timed out after 5 minutes')
+  throw new Error('Veo generation timed out')
 }
 
 async function generateWithLuma(
@@ -541,11 +544,12 @@ async function generateWithLuma(
 
   logger.info(`[${requestId}] Luma generation created: ${generationId}`)
 
-  const maxAttempts = 120 // 10 minutes
+  const pollIntervalMs = 5000
+  const maxAttempts = Math.ceil(getMaxExecutionTimeout() / pollIntervalMs)
   let attempts = 0
 
   while (attempts < maxAttempts) {
-    await sleep(5000)
+    await sleep(pollIntervalMs)
 
     const statusResponse = await fetch(
       `https://api.lumalabs.ai/dream-machine/v1/generations/${generationId}`,
@@ -592,7 +596,7 @@ async function generateWithLuma(
     attempts++
   }
 
-  throw new Error('Luma generation timed out after 10 minutes')
+  throw new Error('Luma generation timed out')
 }
 
 async function generateWithMiniMax(
@@ -658,14 +662,13 @@ async function generateWithMiniMax(
 
   logger.info(`[${requestId}] MiniMax task created: ${taskId}`)
 
-  // Poll for completion (6-10 minutes typical)
+  const pollIntervalMs = 5000
-  const maxAttempts = 120 // 10 minutes with 5-second intervals
+  const maxAttempts = Math.ceil(getMaxExecutionTimeout() / pollIntervalMs)
   let attempts = 0
 
   while (attempts < maxAttempts) {
-    await sleep(5000)
+    await sleep(pollIntervalMs)
 
-    // Query task status
     const statusResponse = await fetch(
       `https://api.minimax.io/v1/query/video_generation?task_id=${taskId}`,
       {
@@ -743,7 +746,7 @@ async function generateWithMiniMax(
     attempts++
   }
 
-  throw new Error('MiniMax generation timed out after 10 minutes')
+  throw new Error('MiniMax generation timed out')
 }
 
 // Helper function to strip subpaths from Fal.ai model IDs for status/result endpoints
@@ -861,11 +864,12 @@ async function generateWithFalAI(
   // Get base model ID (without subpath) for status and result endpoints
   const baseModelId = getBaseModelId(falModelId)
 
-  const maxAttempts = 96 // 8 minutes with 5-second intervals
+  const pollIntervalMs = 5000
+  const maxAttempts = Math.ceil(getMaxExecutionTimeout() / pollIntervalMs)
   let attempts = 0
 
   while (attempts < maxAttempts) {
-    await sleep(5000)
+    await sleep(pollIntervalMs)
 
     const statusResponse = await fetch(
       `https://queue.fal.run/${baseModelId}/requests/${requestIdFal}/status`,
@@ -938,7 +942,7 @@ async function generateWithFalAI(
     attempts++
   }
 
-  throw new Error('Fal.ai generation timed out after 8 minutes')
+  throw new Error('Fal.ai generation timed out')
 }
 
 function getVideoDimensions(

apps/sim/app/api/workflows/[id]/execute-from-block/route.ts

@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkHybridAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { getTimeoutErrorMessage, isTimeoutError } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
 import { SSE_HEADERS } from '@/lib/core/utils/sse'
 import { markExecutionCancelled } from '@/lib/execution/cancellation'
 import { preprocessExecution } from '@/lib/execution/preprocessing'
 import { LoggingSession } from '@/lib/logs/execution/logging-session'
+import { buildTraceSpans } from '@/lib/logs/execution/trace-spans/trace-spans'
 import { executeWorkflowCore } from '@/lib/workflows/executor/execution-core'
 import { createSSECallbacks } from '@/lib/workflows/executor/execution-events'
 import { ExecutionSnapshot } from '@/executor/execution/snapshot'
@@ -116,6 +118,16 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
     const loggingSession = new LoggingSession(workflowId, executionId, 'manual', requestId)
     const abortController = new AbortController()
     let isStreamClosed = false
+    let isTimedOut = false
+
+    const syncTimeout = preprocessResult.executionTimeout?.sync
+    let timeoutId: NodeJS.Timeout | undefined
+    if (syncTimeout) {
+      timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
+        isTimedOut = true
+        abortController.abort()
+      }, syncTimeout)
+    }
 
     const stream = new ReadableStream<Uint8Array>({
       async start(controller) {
@@ -167,13 +179,33 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
           })
 
           if (result.status === 'cancelled') {
-            sendEvent({
+            if (isTimedOut && syncTimeout) {
-              type: 'execution:cancelled',
+              const timeoutErrorMessage = getTimeoutErrorMessage(null, syncTimeout)
-              timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+              logger.info(`[${requestId}] Run-from-block execution timed out`, {
-              executionId,
+                timeoutMs: syncTimeout,
-              workflowId,
+              })
-              data: { duration: result.metadata?.duration || 0 },
+
-            })
+              await loggingSession.markAsFailed(timeoutErrorMessage)
+
+              sendEvent({
+                type: 'execution:error',
+                timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+                executionId,
+                workflowId,
+                data: {
+                  error: timeoutErrorMessage,
+                  duration: result.metadata?.duration || 0,
+                },
+              })
+            } else {
+              sendEvent({
+                type: 'execution:cancelled',
+                timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+                executionId,
+                workflowId,
+                data: { duration: result.metadata?.duration || 0 },
+              })
+            }
           } else {
             sendEvent({
               type: 'execution:completed',
@@ -190,10 +222,27 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
             })
           }
         } catch (error: unknown) {
-          const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'
+          const isTimeout = isTimeoutError(error) || isTimedOut
-          logger.error(`[${requestId}] Run-from-block execution failed: ${errorMessage}`)
+          const errorMessage = isTimeout
+            ? getTimeoutErrorMessage(error, syncTimeout)
+            : error instanceof Error
+              ? error.message
+              : 'Unknown error'
+
+          logger.error(`[${requestId}] Run-from-block execution failed: ${errorMessage}`, {
+            isTimeout,
+          })
 
           const executionResult = hasExecutionResult(error) ? error.executionResult : undefined
+          const { traceSpans, totalDuration } = executionResult
+            ? buildTraceSpans(executionResult)
+            : { traceSpans: [], totalDuration: 0 }
+
+          await loggingSession.safeCompleteWithError({
+            totalDurationMs: totalDuration || executionResult?.metadata?.duration,
+            error: { message: errorMessage },
+            traceSpans,
+          })
 
           sendEvent({
             type: 'execution:error',
@@ -206,6 +255,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
             },
           })
         } finally {
+          if (timeoutId) clearTimeout(timeoutId)
           if (!isStreamClosed) {
             try {
               controller.enqueue(new TextEncoder().encode('data: [DONE]\n\n'))
@@ -216,6 +266,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
       },
       cancel() {
         isStreamClosed = true
+        if (timeoutId) clearTimeout(timeoutId)
         abortController.abort()
         markExecutionCancelled(executionId).catch(() => {})
       },

apps/sim/app/api/workflows/[id]/execute/route.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@ import { validate as uuidValidate, v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkHybridAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { isTriggerDevEnabled } from '@/lib/core/config/feature-flags'
+import {
+  createTimeoutAbortController,
+  getTimeoutErrorMessage,
+  isTimeoutError,
+} from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
 import { SSE_HEADERS } from '@/lib/core/utils/sse'
 import { getBaseUrl } from '@/lib/core/utils/urls'
@@ -12,6 +17,7 @@ import { markExecutionCancelled } from '@/lib/execution/cancellation'
 import { processInputFileFields } from '@/lib/execution/files'
 import { preprocessExecution } from '@/lib/execution/preprocessing'
 import { LoggingSession } from '@/lib/logs/execution/logging-session'
+import { buildTraceSpans } from '@/lib/logs/execution/trace-spans/trace-spans'
 import {
   cleanupExecutionBase64Cache,
   hydrateUserFilesWithBase64,
@@ -120,10 +126,6 @@ type AsyncExecutionParams = {
   triggerType: CoreTriggerType
 }
 
-/**
- * Handles async workflow execution by queueing a background job.
- * Returns immediately with a 202 Accepted response containing the job ID.
- */
 async function handleAsyncExecution(params: AsyncExecutionParams): Promise<NextResponse> {
   const { requestId, workflowId, userId, input, triggerType } = params
 
@@ -405,6 +407,10 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
 
     if (!enableSSE) {
       logger.info(`[${requestId}] Using non-SSE execution (direct JSON response)`)
+      const timeoutController = createTimeoutAbortController(
+        preprocessResult.executionTimeout?.sync
+      )
+
       try {
         const metadata: ExecutionMetadata = {
           requestId,
@@ -438,8 +444,37 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
           includeFileBase64,
           base64MaxBytes,
           stopAfterBlockId,
+          abortSignal: timeoutController.signal,
         })
 
+        if (
+          result.status === 'cancelled' &&
+          timeoutController.isTimedOut() &&
+          timeoutController.timeoutMs
+        ) {
+          const timeoutErrorMessage = getTimeoutErrorMessage(null, timeoutController.timeoutMs)
+          logger.info(`[${requestId}] Non-SSE execution timed out`, {
+            timeoutMs: timeoutController.timeoutMs,
+          })
+          await loggingSession.markAsFailed(timeoutErrorMessage)
+
+          return NextResponse.json(
+            {
+              success: false,
+              output: result.output,
+              error: timeoutErrorMessage,
+              metadata: result.metadata
+                ? {
+                    duration: result.metadata.duration,
+                    startTime: result.metadata.startTime,
+                    endTime: result.metadata.endTime,
+                  }
+                : undefined,
+            },
+            { status: 408 }
+          )
+        }
+
         const outputWithBase64 = includeFileBase64
           ? ((await hydrateUserFilesWithBase64(result.output, {
               requestId,
@@ -450,9 +485,6 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
 
         const resultWithBase64 = { ...result, output: outputWithBase64 }
 
-        // Cleanup base64 cache for this execution
-        await cleanupExecutionBase64Cache(executionId)
-
         const hasResponseBlock = workflowHasResponseBlock(resultWithBase64)
         if (hasResponseBlock) {
           return createHttpResponseFromBlock(resultWithBase64)
@@ -474,10 +506,17 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
         return NextResponse.json(filteredResult)
       } catch (error: unknown) {
         const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'
+
         logger.error(`[${requestId}] Non-SSE execution failed: ${errorMessage}`)
 
         const executionResult = hasExecutionResult(error) ? error.executionResult : undefined
 
+        await loggingSession.safeCompleteWithError({
+          totalDurationMs: executionResult?.metadata?.duration,
+          error: { message: errorMessage },
+          traceSpans: executionResult?.logs as any,
+        })
+
         return NextResponse.json(
           {
             success: false,
@@ -493,6 +532,15 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
           },
           { status: 500 }
         )
+      } finally {
+        timeoutController.cleanup()
+        if (executionId) {
+          try {
+            await cleanupExecutionBase64Cache(executionId)
+          } catch (error) {
+            logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to cleanup base64 cache`, { error })
+          }
+        }
       }
     }
 
@@ -506,7 +554,6 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
         cachedWorkflowData?.blocks || {}
       )
       const streamVariables = cachedWorkflowData?.variables ?? (workflow as any).variables
-
       const stream = await createStreamingResponse({
         requestId,
         workflow: {
@@ -524,6 +571,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
           workflowTriggerType: triggerType === 'chat' ? 'chat' : 'api',
           includeFileBase64,
           base64MaxBytes,
+          timeoutMs: preprocessResult.executionTimeout?.sync,
         },
         executionId,
       })
@@ -535,7 +583,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
     }
 
     const encoder = new TextEncoder()
-    const abortController = new AbortController()
+    const timeoutController = createTimeoutAbortController(preprocessResult.executionTimeout?.sync)
     let isStreamClosed = false
 
     const stream = new ReadableStream<Uint8Array>({
@@ -731,7 +779,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
               onStream,
             },
             loggingSession,
-            abortSignal: abortController.signal,
+            abortSignal: timeoutController.signal,
             includeFileBase64,
             base64MaxBytes,
             stopAfterBlockId,
@@ -767,16 +815,37 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
           }
 
           if (result.status === 'cancelled') {
-            logger.info(`[${requestId}] Workflow execution was cancelled`)
+            if (timeoutController.isTimedOut() && timeoutController.timeoutMs) {
-            sendEvent({
+              const timeoutErrorMessage = getTimeoutErrorMessage(null, timeoutController.timeoutMs)
-              type: 'execution:cancelled',
+              logger.info(`[${requestId}] Workflow execution timed out`, {
-              timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+                timeoutMs: timeoutController.timeoutMs,
-              executionId,
+              })
-              workflowId,
+
-              data: {
+              await loggingSession.markAsFailed(timeoutErrorMessage)
-                duration: result.metadata?.duration || 0,
+
-              },
+              sendEvent({
-            })
+                type: 'execution:error',
+                timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+                executionId,
+                workflowId,
+                data: {
+                  error: timeoutErrorMessage,
+                  duration: result.metadata?.duration || 0,
+                },
+              })
+            } else {
+              logger.info(`[${requestId}] Workflow execution was cancelled`)
+
+              sendEvent({
+                type: 'execution:cancelled',
+                timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+                executionId,
+                workflowId,
+                data: {
+                  duration: result.metadata?.duration || 0,
+                },
+              })
+            }
             return
           }
 
@@ -799,14 +868,26 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
               endTime: result.metadata?.endTime || new Date().toISOString(),
             },
           })
-
-          // Cleanup base64 cache for this execution
-          await cleanupExecutionBase64Cache(executionId)
         } catch (error: unknown) {
-          const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'
+          const isTimeout = isTimeoutError(error) || timeoutController.isTimedOut()
-          logger.error(`[${requestId}] SSE execution failed: ${errorMessage}`)
+          const errorMessage = isTimeout
+            ? getTimeoutErrorMessage(error, timeoutController.timeoutMs)
+            : error instanceof Error
+              ? error.message
+              : 'Unknown error'
+
+          logger.error(`[${requestId}] SSE execution failed: ${errorMessage}`, { isTimeout })
 
           const executionResult = hasExecutionResult(error) ? error.executionResult : undefined
+          const { traceSpans, totalDuration } = executionResult
+            ? buildTraceSpans(executionResult)
+            : { traceSpans: [], totalDuration: 0 }
+
+          await loggingSession.safeCompleteWithError({
+            totalDurationMs: totalDuration || executionResult?.metadata?.duration,
+            error: { message: errorMessage },
+            traceSpans,
+          })
 
           sendEvent({
             type: 'execution:error',
@@ -819,20 +900,23 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
             },
           })
         } finally {
+          timeoutController.cleanup()
+          if (executionId) {
+            await cleanupExecutionBase64Cache(executionId)
+          }
           if (!isStreamClosed) {
             try {
               controller.enqueue(encoder.encode('data: [DONE]\n\n'))
               controller.close()
-            } catch {
+            } catch {}
-              // Stream already closed - nothing to do
-            }
           }
         }
       },
       cancel() {
         isStreamClosed = true
+        timeoutController.cleanup()
         logger.info(`[${requestId}] Client aborted SSE stream, signalling cancellation`)
-        abortController.abort()
+        timeoutController.abort()
         markExecutionCancelled(executionId).catch(() => {})
       },
     })

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/terminal/utils.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type React from 'react'
-import { RepeatIcon, SplitIcon } from 'lucide-react'
+import { AlertTriangleIcon, BanIcon, RepeatIcon, SplitIcon, XCircleIcon } from 'lucide-react'
 import { getBlock } from '@/blocks'
 import { TERMINAL_BLOCK_COLUMN_WIDTH } from '@/stores/constants'
 import type { ConsoleEntry } from '@/stores/terminal'
@@ -12,6 +12,15 @@ const SUBFLOW_COLORS = {
   parallel: '#FEE12B',
 } as const
 
+/**
+ * Special block type colors for errors and system messages
+ */
+const SPECIAL_BLOCK_COLORS = {
+  error: '#ef4444',
+  validation: '#f59e0b',
+  cancelled: '#6b7280',
+} as const
+
 /**
  * Retrieves the icon component for a given block type
  */
@@ -32,6 +41,18 @@ export function getBlockIcon(
     return SplitIcon
   }
 
+  if (blockType === 'error') {
+    return XCircleIcon
+  }
+
+  if (blockType === 'validation') {
+    return AlertTriangleIcon
+  }
+
+  if (blockType === 'cancelled') {
+    return BanIcon
+  }
+
   return null
 }
 
@@ -50,6 +71,16 @@ export function getBlockColor(blockType: string): string {
   if (blockType === 'parallel') {
     return SUBFLOW_COLORS.parallel
   }
+  // Special block types for errors and system messages
+  if (blockType === 'error') {
+    return SPECIAL_BLOCK_COLORS.error
+  }
+  if (blockType === 'validation') {
+    return SPECIAL_BLOCK_COLORS.validation
+  }
+  if (blockType === 'cancelled') {
+    return SPECIAL_BLOCK_COLORS.cancelled
+  }
   return '#6b7280'
 }
 

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/hooks/use-workflow-execution.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,11 @@ import { useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query'
 import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid'
 import { buildTraceSpans } from '@/lib/logs/execution/trace-spans/trace-spans'
 import { processStreamingBlockLogs } from '@/lib/tokenization'
+import type {
+  BlockCompletedData,
+  BlockErrorData,
+  BlockStartedData,
+} from '@/lib/workflows/executor/execution-events'
 import {
   extractTriggerMockPayload,
   selectBestTrigger,
@@ -17,7 +22,13 @@ import {
 import { useCurrentWorkflow } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/hooks/use-current-workflow'
 import { getBlock } from '@/blocks'
 import type { SerializableExecutionState } from '@/executor/execution/types'
-import type { BlockLog, BlockState, ExecutionResult, StreamingExecution } from '@/executor/types'
+import type {
+  BlockLog,
+  BlockState,
+  ExecutionResult,
+  NormalizedBlockOutput,
+  StreamingExecution,
+} from '@/executor/types'
 import { hasExecutionResult } from '@/executor/utils/errors'
 import { coerceValue } from '@/executor/utils/start-block'
 import { subscriptionKeys } from '@/hooks/queries/subscription'
@@ -27,7 +38,7 @@ import { useExecutionStore } from '@/stores/execution'
 import { useNotificationStore } from '@/stores/notifications'
 import { useVariablesStore } from '@/stores/panel'
 import { useEnvironmentStore } from '@/stores/settings/environment'
-import { type ConsoleEntry, useTerminalConsoleStore } from '@/stores/terminal'
+import { useTerminalConsoleStore } from '@/stores/terminal'
 import { useWorkflowDiffStore } from '@/stores/workflow-diff'
 import { useWorkflowRegistry } from '@/stores/workflows/registry/store'
 import { mergeSubblockState } from '@/stores/workflows/utils'
@@ -41,6 +52,19 @@ interface DebugValidationResult {
   error?: string
 }
 
+interface BlockEventHandlerConfig {
+  workflowId?: string
+  executionId?: string
+  workflowEdges: Array<{ id: string; target: string }>
+  activeBlocksSet: Set<string>
+  accumulatedBlockLogs: BlockLog[]
+  accumulatedBlockStates: Map<string, BlockState>
+  executedBlockIds: Set<string>
+  consoleMode: 'update' | 'add'
+  includeStartConsoleEntry: boolean
+  onBlockCompleteCallback?: (blockId: string, output: unknown) => Promise<void>
+}
+
 const WORKFLOW_EXECUTION_FAILURE_MESSAGE = 'Workflow execution failed'
 
 function isRecord(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
@@ -149,6 +173,340 @@ export function useWorkflowExecution() {
     setActiveBlocks,
   ])
 
+  /**
+   * Builds timing fields for execution-level console entries.
+   */
+  const buildExecutionTiming = useCallback((durationMs?: number) => {
+    const normalizedDuration = durationMs || 0
+    return {
+      durationMs: normalizedDuration,
+      startedAt: new Date(Date.now() - normalizedDuration).toISOString(),
+      endedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+    }
+  }, [])
+
+  /**
+   * Adds an execution-level error entry to the console when appropriate.
+   */
+  const addExecutionErrorConsoleEntry = useCallback(
+    (params: {
+      workflowId?: string
+      executionId?: string
+      error?: string
+      durationMs?: number
+      blockLogs: BlockLog[]
+      isPreExecutionError?: boolean
+    }) => {
+      if (!params.workflowId) return
+
+      const hasBlockError = params.blockLogs.some((log) => log.error)
+      const isPreExecutionError = params.isPreExecutionError ?? false
+      if (!isPreExecutionError && hasBlockError) {
+        return
+      }
+
+      const errorMessage = params.error || 'Execution failed'
+      const isTimeout = errorMessage.toLowerCase().includes('timed out')
+      const timing = buildExecutionTiming(params.durationMs)
+
+      addConsole({
+        input: {},
+        output: {},
+        success: false,
+        error: errorMessage,
+        durationMs: timing.durationMs,
+        startedAt: timing.startedAt,
+        executionOrder: isPreExecutionError ? 0 : Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER,
+        endedAt: timing.endedAt,
+        workflowId: params.workflowId,
+        blockId: isPreExecutionError
+          ? 'validation'
+          : isTimeout
+            ? 'timeout-error'
+            : 'execution-error',
+        executionId: params.executionId,
+        blockName: isPreExecutionError
+          ? 'Workflow Validation'
+          : isTimeout
+            ? 'Timeout Error'
+            : 'Execution Error',
+        blockType: isPreExecutionError ? 'validation' : 'error',
+      })
+    },
+    [addConsole, buildExecutionTiming]
+  )
+
+  /**
+   * Adds an execution-level cancellation entry to the console.
+   */
+  const addExecutionCancelledConsoleEntry = useCallback(
+    (params: { workflowId?: string; executionId?: string; durationMs?: number }) => {
+      if (!params.workflowId) return
+
+      const timing = buildExecutionTiming(params.durationMs)
+      addConsole({
+        input: {},
+        output: {},
+        success: false,
+        error: 'Execution was cancelled',
+        durationMs: timing.durationMs,
+        startedAt: timing.startedAt,
+        executionOrder: Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER,
+        endedAt: timing.endedAt,
+        workflowId: params.workflowId,
+        blockId: 'cancelled',
+        executionId: params.executionId,
+        blockName: 'Execution Cancelled',
+        blockType: 'cancelled',
+      })
+    },
+    [addConsole, buildExecutionTiming]
+  )
+
+  /**
+   * Handles workflow-level execution errors for console output.
+   */
+  const handleExecutionErrorConsole = useCallback(
+    (params: {
+      workflowId?: string
+      executionId?: string
+      error?: string
+      durationMs?: number
+      blockLogs: BlockLog[]
+      isPreExecutionError?: boolean
+    }) => {
+      if (params.workflowId) {
+        cancelRunningEntries(params.workflowId)
+      }
+      addExecutionErrorConsoleEntry(params)
+    },
+    [addExecutionErrorConsoleEntry, cancelRunningEntries]
+  )
+
+  /**
+   * Handles workflow-level execution cancellations for console output.
+   */
+  const handleExecutionCancelledConsole = useCallback(
+    (params: { workflowId?: string; executionId?: string; durationMs?: number }) => {
+      if (params.workflowId) {
+        cancelRunningEntries(params.workflowId)
+      }
+      addExecutionCancelledConsoleEntry(params)
+    },
+    [addExecutionCancelledConsoleEntry, cancelRunningEntries]
+  )
+
+  const buildBlockEventHandlers = useCallback(
+    (config: BlockEventHandlerConfig) => {
+      const {
+        workflowId,
+        executionId,
+        workflowEdges,
+        activeBlocksSet,
+        accumulatedBlockLogs,
+        accumulatedBlockStates,
+        executedBlockIds,
+        consoleMode,
+        includeStartConsoleEntry,
+        onBlockCompleteCallback,
+      } = config
+
+      const updateActiveBlocks = (blockId: string, isActive: boolean) => {
+        if (isActive) {
+          activeBlocksSet.add(blockId)
+        } else {
+          activeBlocksSet.delete(blockId)
+        }
+        setActiveBlocks(new Set(activeBlocksSet))
+      }
+
+      const markIncomingEdges = (blockId: string) => {
+        const incomingEdges = workflowEdges.filter((edge) => edge.target === blockId)
+        incomingEdges.forEach((edge) => {
+          setEdgeRunStatus(edge.id, 'success')
+        })
+      }
+
+      const isContainerBlockType = (blockType?: string) => {
+        return blockType === 'loop' || blockType === 'parallel'
+      }
+
+      const createBlockLogEntry = (
+        data: BlockCompletedData | BlockErrorData,
+        options: { success: boolean; output?: unknown; error?: string }
+      ): BlockLog => ({
+        blockId: data.blockId,
+        blockName: data.blockName || 'Unknown Block',
+        blockType: data.blockType || 'unknown',
+        input: data.input || {},
+        output: options.output ?? {},
+        success: options.success,
+        error: options.error,
+        durationMs: data.durationMs,
+        startedAt: data.startedAt,
+        executionOrder: data.executionOrder,
+        endedAt: data.endedAt,
+      })
+
+      const addConsoleEntry = (data: BlockCompletedData, output: NormalizedBlockOutput) => {
+        if (!workflowId) return
+        addConsole({
+          input: data.input || {},
+          output,
+          success: true,
+          durationMs: data.durationMs,
+          startedAt: data.startedAt,
+          executionOrder: data.executionOrder,
+          endedAt: data.endedAt,
+          workflowId,
+          blockId: data.blockId,
+          executionId,
+          blockName: data.blockName || 'Unknown Block',
+          blockType: data.blockType || 'unknown',
+          iterationCurrent: data.iterationCurrent,
+          iterationTotal: data.iterationTotal,
+          iterationType: data.iterationType,
+        })
+      }
+
+      const addConsoleErrorEntry = (data: BlockErrorData) => {
+        if (!workflowId) return
+        addConsole({
+          input: data.input || {},
+          output: {},
+          success: false,
+          error: data.error,
+          durationMs: data.durationMs,
+          startedAt: data.startedAt,
+          executionOrder: data.executionOrder,
+          endedAt: data.endedAt,
+          workflowId,
+          blockId: data.blockId,
+          executionId,
+          blockName: data.blockName || 'Unknown Block',
+          blockType: data.blockType || 'unknown',
+          iterationCurrent: data.iterationCurrent,
+          iterationTotal: data.iterationTotal,
+          iterationType: data.iterationType,
+        })
+      }
+
+      const updateConsoleEntry = (data: BlockCompletedData) => {
+        updateConsole(
+          data.blockId,
+          {
+            input: data.input || {},
+            replaceOutput: data.output,
+            success: true,
+            durationMs: data.durationMs,
+            startedAt: data.startedAt,
+            endedAt: data.endedAt,
+            isRunning: false,
+            iterationCurrent: data.iterationCurrent,
+            iterationTotal: data.iterationTotal,
+            iterationType: data.iterationType,
+          },
+          executionId
+        )
+      }
+
+      const updateConsoleErrorEntry = (data: BlockErrorData) => {
+        updateConsole(
+          data.blockId,
+          {
+            input: data.input || {},
+            replaceOutput: {},
+            success: false,
+            error: data.error,
+            durationMs: data.durationMs,
+            startedAt: data.startedAt,
+            endedAt: data.endedAt,
+            isRunning: false,
+            iterationCurrent: data.iterationCurrent,
+            iterationTotal: data.iterationTotal,
+            iterationType: data.iterationType,
+          },
+          executionId
+        )
+      }
+
+      const onBlockStarted = (data: BlockStartedData) => {
+        updateActiveBlocks(data.blockId, true)
+        markIncomingEdges(data.blockId)
+
+        if (!includeStartConsoleEntry || !workflowId) return
+
+        const startedAt = new Date().toISOString()
+        addConsole({
+          input: {},
+          output: undefined,
+          success: undefined,
+          durationMs: undefined,
+          startedAt,
+          executionOrder: data.executionOrder,
+          endedAt: undefined,
+          workflowId,
+          blockId: data.blockId,
+          executionId,
+          blockName: data.blockName || 'Unknown Block',
+          blockType: data.blockType || 'unknown',
+          isRunning: true,
+          iterationCurrent: data.iterationCurrent,
+          iterationTotal: data.iterationTotal,
+          iterationType: data.iterationType,
+        })
+      }
+
+      const onBlockCompleted = (data: BlockCompletedData) => {
+        updateActiveBlocks(data.blockId, false)
+        setBlockRunStatus(data.blockId, 'success')
+
+        executedBlockIds.add(data.blockId)
+        accumulatedBlockStates.set(data.blockId, {
+          output: data.output,
+          executed: true,
+          executionTime: data.durationMs,
+        })
+
+        if (isContainerBlockType(data.blockType)) {
+          return
+        }
+
+        accumulatedBlockLogs.push(createBlockLogEntry(data, { success: true, output: data.output }))
+
+        if (consoleMode === 'update') {
+          updateConsoleEntry(data)
+        } else {
+          addConsoleEntry(data, data.output as NormalizedBlockOutput)
+        }
+
+        if (onBlockCompleteCallback) {
+          onBlockCompleteCallback(data.blockId, data.output).catch((error) => {
+            logger.error('Error in onBlockComplete callback:', error)
+          })
+        }
+      }
+
+      const onBlockError = (data: BlockErrorData) => {
+        updateActiveBlocks(data.blockId, false)
+        setBlockRunStatus(data.blockId, 'error')
+
+        accumulatedBlockLogs.push(
+          createBlockLogEntry(data, { success: false, output: {}, error: data.error })
+        )
+
+        if (consoleMode === 'update') {
+          updateConsoleErrorEntry(data)
+        } else {
+          addConsoleErrorEntry(data)
+        }
+      }
+
+      return { onBlockStarted, onBlockCompleted, onBlockError }
+    },
+    [addConsole, setActiveBlocks, setBlockRunStatus, setEdgeRunStatus, updateConsole]
+  )
+
   /**
    * Checks if debug session is complete based on execution result
    */
@@ -789,7 +1147,12 @@ export function useWorkflowExecution() {
       const startBlock = TriggerUtils.findStartBlock(filteredStates, 'chat')
 
       if (!startBlock) {
-        throw new Error(TriggerUtils.getTriggerValidationMessage('chat', 'missing'))
+        throw new WorkflowValidationError(
+          TriggerUtils.getTriggerValidationMessage('chat', 'missing'),
+          'validation',
+          'validation',
+          'Workflow Validation'
+        )
       }
 
       startBlockId = startBlock.blockId
@@ -800,7 +1163,12 @@ export function useWorkflowExecution() {
       })
 
       if (candidates.length === 0) {
-        const error = new Error('Workflow requires at least one trigger block to execute')
+        const error = new WorkflowValidationError(
+          'Workflow requires at least one trigger block to execute',
+          'validation',
+          'validation',
+          'Workflow Validation'
+        )
         logger.error('No trigger blocks found for manual run', {
           allBlockTypes: Object.values(filteredStates).map((b) => b.type),
         })
@@ -813,7 +1181,12 @@ export function useWorkflowExecution() {
         (candidate) => candidate.path === StartBlockPath.SPLIT_API
       )
       if (apiCandidates.length > 1) {
-        const error = new Error('Multiple API Trigger blocks found. Keep only one.')
+        const error = new WorkflowValidationError(
+          'Multiple API Trigger blocks found. Keep only one.',
+          'validation',
+          'validation',
+          'Workflow Validation'
+        )
         logger.error('Multiple API triggers found')
         setIsExecuting(false)
         throw error
@@ -833,7 +1206,12 @@ export function useWorkflowExecution() {
         const outgoingConnections = workflowEdges.filter((edge) => edge.source === startBlockId)
         if (outgoingConnections.length === 0) {
           const triggerName = selectedTrigger.name || selectedTrigger.type
-          const error = new Error(`${triggerName} must be connected to other blocks to execute`)
+          const error = new WorkflowValidationError(
+            `${triggerName} must be connected to other blocks to execute`,
+            'validation',
+            'validation',
+            'Workflow Validation'
+          )
           logger.error('Trigger has no outgoing connections', { triggerName, startBlockId })
           setIsExecuting(false)
           throw error
@@ -859,7 +1237,12 @@ export function useWorkflowExecution() {
 
     // If we don't have a valid startBlockId at this point, throw an error
     if (!startBlockId) {
-      const error = new Error('No valid trigger block found to start execution')
+      const error = new WorkflowValidationError(
+        'No valid trigger block found to start execution',
+        'validation',
+        'validation',
+        'Workflow Validation'
+      )
       logger.error('No startBlockId found after trigger search')
       setIsExecuting(false)
       throw error
@@ -892,6 +1275,19 @@ export function useWorkflowExecution() {
 
       // Execute the workflow
       try {
+        const blockHandlers = buildBlockEventHandlers({
+          workflowId: activeWorkflowId,
+          executionId,
+          workflowEdges,
+          activeBlocksSet,
+          accumulatedBlockLogs,
+          accumulatedBlockStates,
+          executedBlockIds,
+          consoleMode: 'update',
+          includeStartConsoleEntry: true,
+          onBlockCompleteCallback: onBlockComplete,
+        })
+
         await executionStream.execute({
           workflowId: activeWorkflowId,
           input: finalWorkflowInput,
@@ -914,145 +1310,9 @@ export function useWorkflowExecution() {
               logger.info('Server execution started:', data)
             },
 
-            onBlockStarted: (data) => {
+            onBlockStarted: blockHandlers.onBlockStarted,
-              activeBlocksSet.add(data.blockId)
+            onBlockCompleted: blockHandlers.onBlockCompleted,
-              // Create a new Set to trigger React re-render
+            onBlockError: blockHandlers.onBlockError,
-              setActiveBlocks(new Set(activeBlocksSet))
-
-              // Track edges that led to this block as soon as execution starts
-              const incomingEdges = workflowEdges.filter((edge) => edge.target === data.blockId)
-              incomingEdges.forEach((edge) => {
-                setEdgeRunStatus(edge.id, 'success')
-              })
-
-              // Add entry to terminal immediately with isRunning=true
-              // Use server-provided executionOrder to ensure correct sort order
-              const startedAt = new Date().toISOString()
-              addConsole({
-                input: {},
-                output: undefined,
-                success: undefined,
-                durationMs: undefined,
-                startedAt,
-                executionOrder: data.executionOrder,
-                endedAt: undefined,
-                workflowId: activeWorkflowId,
-                blockId: data.blockId,
-                executionId,
-                blockName: data.blockName || 'Unknown Block',
-                blockType: data.blockType || 'unknown',
-                isRunning: true,
-                // Pass through iteration context for subflow grouping
-                iterationCurrent: data.iterationCurrent,
-                iterationTotal: data.iterationTotal,
-                iterationType: data.iterationType,
-              })
-            },
-
-            onBlockCompleted: (data) => {
-              activeBlocksSet.delete(data.blockId)
-              setActiveBlocks(new Set(activeBlocksSet))
-              setBlockRunStatus(data.blockId, 'success')
-
-              executedBlockIds.add(data.blockId)
-              accumulatedBlockStates.set(data.blockId, {
-                output: data.output,
-                executed: true,
-                executionTime: data.durationMs,
-              })
-
-              const isContainerBlock = data.blockType === 'loop' || data.blockType === 'parallel'
-              if (isContainerBlock) return
-
-              const startedAt = data.startedAt
-              const endedAt = data.endedAt
-
-              accumulatedBlockLogs.push({
-                blockId: data.blockId,
-                blockName: data.blockName || 'Unknown Block',
-                blockType: data.blockType || 'unknown',
-                input: data.input || {},
-                output: data.output,
-                success: true,
-                durationMs: data.durationMs,
-                startedAt,
-                executionOrder: data.executionOrder,
-                endedAt,
-              })
-
-              // Update existing console entry (created in onBlockStarted) with completion data
-              updateConsole(
-                data.blockId,
-                {
-                  input: data.input || {},
-                  replaceOutput: data.output,
-                  success: true,
-                  durationMs: data.durationMs,
-                  startedAt,
-                  endedAt,
-                  isRunning: false,
-                  // Pass through iteration context for subflow grouping
-                  iterationCurrent: data.iterationCurrent,
-                  iterationTotal: data.iterationTotal,
-                  iterationType: data.iterationType,
-                },
-                executionId
-              )
-
-              // Call onBlockComplete callback if provided
-              if (onBlockComplete) {
-                onBlockComplete(data.blockId, data.output).catch((error) => {
-                  logger.error('Error in onBlockComplete callback:', error)
-                })
-              }
-            },
-
-            onBlockError: (data) => {
-              activeBlocksSet.delete(data.blockId)
-              // Create a new Set to trigger React re-render
-              setActiveBlocks(new Set(activeBlocksSet))
-
-              // Track failed block execution in run path
-              setBlockRunStatus(data.blockId, 'error')
-
-              const startedAt = data.startedAt
-              const endedAt = data.endedAt
-
-              // Accumulate block error log for the execution result
-              accumulatedBlockLogs.push({
-                blockId: data.blockId,
-                blockName: data.blockName || 'Unknown Block',
-                blockType: data.blockType || 'unknown',
-                input: data.input || {},
-                output: {},
-                success: false,
-                error: data.error,
-                durationMs: data.durationMs,
-                startedAt,
-                executionOrder: data.executionOrder,
-                endedAt,
-              })
-
-              // Update existing console entry (created in onBlockStarted) with error data
-              updateConsole(
-                data.blockId,
-                {
-                  input: data.input || {},
-                  replaceOutput: {},
-                  success: false,
-                  error: data.error,
-                  durationMs: data.durationMs,
-                  startedAt,
-                  endedAt,
-                  isRunning: false,
-                  // Pass through iteration context for subflow grouping
-                  iterationCurrent: data.iterationCurrent,
-                  iterationTotal: data.iterationTotal,
-                  iterationType: data.iterationType,
-                },
-                executionId
-              )
-            },
 
             onStreamChunk: (data) => {
               const existing = streamedContent.get(data.blockId) || ''
@@ -1157,39 +1417,23 @@ export function useWorkflowExecution() {
                 logs: accumulatedBlockLogs,
               }
 
-              // Only add workflow-level error if no blocks have executed yet
+              const isPreExecutionError = accumulatedBlockLogs.length === 0
-              // This catches pre-execution errors (validation, serialization, etc.)
+              handleExecutionErrorConsole({
-              // Block execution errors are already logged via onBlockError callback
+                workflowId: activeWorkflowId,
-              const { entries } = useTerminalConsoleStore.getState()
+                executionId,
-              const existingLogs = entries.filter(
+                error: data.error,
-                (log: ConsoleEntry) => log.executionId === executionId
+                durationMs: data.duration,
-              )
+                blockLogs: accumulatedBlockLogs,
-
+                isPreExecutionError,
-              if (existingLogs.length === 0) {
+              })
-                // No blocks executed yet - this is a pre-execution error
-                // Use 0 for executionOrder so validation errors appear first
-                addConsole({
-                  input: {},
-                  output: {},
-                  success: false,
-                  error: data.error,
-                  durationMs: data.duration || 0,
-                  startedAt: new Date(Date.now() - (data.duration || 0)).toISOString(),
-                  executionOrder: 0,
-                  endedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
-                  workflowId: activeWorkflowId,
-                  blockId: 'validation',
-                  executionId,
-                  blockName: 'Workflow Validation',
-                  blockType: 'validation',
-                })
-              }
             },
 
-            onExecutionCancelled: () => {
+            onExecutionCancelled: (data) => {
-              if (activeWorkflowId) {
+              handleExecutionCancelledConsole({
-                cancelRunningEntries(activeWorkflowId)
+                workflowId: activeWorkflowId,
-              }
+                executionId,
+                durationMs: data?.duration,
+              })
             },
           },
         })
@@ -1585,115 +1829,27 @@ export function useWorkflowExecution() {
       const activeBlocksSet = new Set<string>()
 
       try {
+        const blockHandlers = buildBlockEventHandlers({
+          workflowId,
+          executionId,
+          workflowEdges,
+          activeBlocksSet,
+          accumulatedBlockLogs,
+          accumulatedBlockStates,
+          executedBlockIds,
+          consoleMode: 'add',
+          includeStartConsoleEntry: false,
+        })
+
         await executionStream.executeFromBlock({
           workflowId,
           startBlockId: blockId,
           sourceSnapshot: effectiveSnapshot,
           input: workflowInput,
           callbacks: {
-            onBlockStarted: (data) => {
+            onBlockStarted: blockHandlers.onBlockStarted,
-              activeBlocksSet.add(data.blockId)
+            onBlockCompleted: blockHandlers.onBlockCompleted,
-              setActiveBlocks(new Set(activeBlocksSet))
+            onBlockError: blockHandlers.onBlockError,
-
-              const incomingEdges = workflowEdges.filter((edge) => edge.target === data.blockId)
-              incomingEdges.forEach((edge) => {
-                setEdgeRunStatus(edge.id, 'success')
-              })
-            },
-
-            onBlockCompleted: (data) => {
-              activeBlocksSet.delete(data.blockId)
-              setActiveBlocks(new Set(activeBlocksSet))
-
-              setBlockRunStatus(data.blockId, 'success')
-
-              executedBlockIds.add(data.blockId)
-              accumulatedBlockStates.set(data.blockId, {
-                output: data.output,
-                executed: true,
-                executionTime: data.durationMs,
-              })
-
-              const isContainerBlock = data.blockType === 'loop' || data.blockType === 'parallel'
-              if (isContainerBlock) return
-
-              const startedAt = data.startedAt
-              const endedAt = data.endedAt
-
-              accumulatedBlockLogs.push({
-                blockId: data.blockId,
-                blockName: data.blockName || 'Unknown Block',
-                blockType: data.blockType || 'unknown',
-                input: data.input || {},
-                output: data.output,
-                success: true,
-                durationMs: data.durationMs,
-                startedAt,
-                executionOrder: data.executionOrder,
-                endedAt,
-              })
-
-              addConsole({
-                input: data.input || {},
-                output: data.output,
-                success: true,
-                durationMs: data.durationMs,
-                startedAt,
-                executionOrder: data.executionOrder,
-                endedAt,
-                workflowId,
-                blockId: data.blockId,
-                executionId,
-                blockName: data.blockName || 'Unknown Block',
-                blockType: data.blockType || 'unknown',
-                iterationCurrent: data.iterationCurrent,
-                iterationTotal: data.iterationTotal,
-                iterationType: data.iterationType,
-              })
-            },
-
-            onBlockError: (data) => {
-              activeBlocksSet.delete(data.blockId)
-              setActiveBlocks(new Set(activeBlocksSet))
-
-              setBlockRunStatus(data.blockId, 'error')
-
-              const startedAt = data.startedAt
-              const endedAt = data.endedAt
-
-              accumulatedBlockLogs.push({
-                blockId: data.blockId,
-                blockName: data.blockName || 'Unknown Block',
-                blockType: data.blockType || 'unknown',
-                input: data.input || {},
-                output: {},
-                success: false,
-                error: data.error,
-                executionOrder: data.executionOrder,
-                durationMs: data.durationMs,
-                startedAt,
-                endedAt,
-              })
-
-              addConsole({
-                input: data.input || {},
-                output: {},
-                success: false,
-                error: data.error,
-                durationMs: data.durationMs,
-                startedAt,
-                executionOrder: data.executionOrder,
-                endedAt,
-                workflowId,
-                blockId: data.blockId,
-                executionId,
-                blockName: data.blockName,
-                blockType: data.blockType,
-                iterationCurrent: data.iterationCurrent,
-                iterationTotal: data.iterationTotal,
-                iterationType: data.iterationType,
-              })
-            },
 
             onExecutionCompleted: (data) => {
               if (data.success) {
@@ -1736,17 +1892,23 @@ export function useWorkflowExecution() {
                     'Workflow was modified. Run the workflow again to enable running from block.',
                   workflowId,
                 })
-              } else {
-                addNotification({
-                  level: 'error',
-                  message: data.error || 'Run from block failed',
-                  workflowId,
-                })
               }
+
+              handleExecutionErrorConsole({
+                workflowId,
+                executionId,
+                error: data.error,
+                durationMs: data.duration,
+                blockLogs: accumulatedBlockLogs,
+              })
             },
 
-            onExecutionCancelled: () => {
+            onExecutionCancelled: (data) => {
-              cancelRunningEntries(workflowId)
+              handleExecutionCancelledConsole({
+                workflowId,
+                executionId,
+                durationMs: data?.duration,
+              })
             },
           },
         })
@@ -1768,8 +1930,9 @@ export function useWorkflowExecution() {
       setBlockRunStatus,
       setEdgeRunStatus,
       addNotification,
-      addConsole,
+      buildBlockEventHandlers,
-      cancelRunningEntries,
+      handleExecutionErrorConsole,
+      handleExecutionCancelledConsole,
       executionStream,
     ]
   )

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/components/sidebar/components/settings-modal/components/subscription/plan-configs.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import {
-  Building2,
   Clock,
   Database,
   HardDrive,
   HeadphonesIcon,
   Server,
   ShieldCheck,
+  Timer,
   Users,
   Zap,
 } from 'lucide-react'
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ import type { PlanFeature } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/components/sid
 export const PRO_PLAN_FEATURES: PlanFeature[] = [
   { icon: Zap, text: '150 runs per minute (sync)' },
   { icon: Clock, text: '1,000 runs per minute (async)' },
+  { icon: Timer, text: '60 min sync execution limit' },
   { icon: HardDrive, text: '50GB file storage' },
-  { icon: Building2, text: 'Unlimited workspaces' },
   { icon: Users, text: 'Unlimited invites' },
   { icon: Database, text: 'Unlimited log retention' },
 ]
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ export const PRO_PLAN_FEATURES: PlanFeature[] = [
 export const TEAM_PLAN_FEATURES: PlanFeature[] = [
   { icon: Zap, text: '300 runs per minute (sync)' },
   { icon: Clock, text: '2,500 runs per minute (async)' },
+  { icon: Timer, text: '60 min sync execution limit' },
   { icon: HardDrive, text: '500GB file storage (pooled)' },
-  { icon: Building2, text: 'Unlimited workspaces' },
   { icon: Users, text: 'Unlimited invites' },
   { icon: Database, text: 'Unlimited log retention' },
   { icon: SlackMonoIcon, text: 'Dedicated Slack channel' },

apps/sim/background/schedule-execution.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { task } from '@trigger.dev/sdk'
 import { Cron } from 'croner'
 import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm'
 import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid'
+import { createTimeoutAbortController, getTimeoutErrorMessage } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { preprocessExecution } from '@/lib/execution/preprocessing'
 import { LoggingSession } from '@/lib/logs/execution/logging-session'
 import { buildTraceSpans } from '@/lib/logs/execution/trace-spans/trace-spans'
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ async function runWorkflowExecution({
   loggingSession,
   requestId,
   executionId,
+  asyncTimeout,
 }: {
   payload: ScheduleExecutionPayload
   workflowRecord: WorkflowRecord
@@ -127,6 +129,7 @@ async function runWorkflowExecution({
   loggingSession: LoggingSession
   requestId: string
   executionId: string
+  asyncTimeout?: number
 }): Promise<RunWorkflowResult> {
   try {
     logger.debug(`[${requestId}] Loading deployed workflow ${payload.workflowId}`)
@@ -181,15 +184,33 @@ async function runWorkflowExecution({
       []
     )
 
-    const executionResult = await executeWorkflowCore({
+    const timeoutController = createTimeoutAbortController(asyncTimeout)
-      snapshot,
-      callbacks: {},
-      loggingSession,
-      includeFileBase64: true,
-      base64MaxBytes: undefined,
-    })
 
-    if (executionResult.status === 'paused') {
+    let executionResult
+    try {
+      executionResult = await executeWorkflowCore({
+        snapshot,
+        callbacks: {},
+        loggingSession,
+        includeFileBase64: true,
+        base64MaxBytes: undefined,
+        abortSignal: timeoutController.signal,
+      })
+    } finally {
+      timeoutController.cleanup()
+    }
+
+    if (
+      executionResult.status === 'cancelled' &&
+      timeoutController.isTimedOut() &&
+      timeoutController.timeoutMs
+    ) {
+      const timeoutErrorMessage = getTimeoutErrorMessage(null, timeoutController.timeoutMs)
+      logger.info(`[${requestId}] Scheduled workflow execution timed out`, {
+        timeoutMs: timeoutController.timeoutMs,
+      })
+      await loggingSession.markAsFailed(timeoutErrorMessage)
+    } else if (executionResult.status === 'paused') {
       if (!executionResult.snapshotSeed) {
         logger.error(`[${requestId}] Missing snapshot seed for paused execution`, {
           executionId,
@@ -453,6 +474,7 @@ export async function executeScheduleJob(payload: ScheduleExecutionPayload) {
         loggingSession,
         requestId,
         executionId,
+        asyncTimeout: preprocessResult.executionTimeout?.async,
       })
 
       if (executionResult.status === 'skip') {

apps/sim/background/webhook-execution.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,14 @@ import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { task } from '@trigger.dev/sdk'
 import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm'
 import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid'
+import { getHighestPrioritySubscription } from '@/lib/billing'
+import {
+  createTimeoutAbortController,
+  getExecutionTimeout,
+  getTimeoutErrorMessage,
+} from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { IdempotencyService, webhookIdempotency } from '@/lib/core/idempotency'
+import type { SubscriptionPlan } from '@/lib/core/rate-limiter/types'
 import { processExecutionFiles } from '@/lib/execution/files'
 import { LoggingSession } from '@/lib/logs/execution/logging-session'
 import { buildTraceSpans } from '@/lib/logs/execution/trace-spans/trace-spans'
@@ -134,7 +141,13 @@ async function executeWebhookJobInternal(
     requestId
   )
 
-  // Track deploymentVersionId at function scope so it's available in catch block
+  const userSubscription = await getHighestPrioritySubscription(payload.userId)
+  const asyncTimeout = getExecutionTimeout(
+    userSubscription?.plan as SubscriptionPlan | undefined,
+    'async'
+  )
+  const timeoutController = createTimeoutAbortController(asyncTimeout)
+
   let deploymentVersionId: string | undefined
 
   try {
@@ -241,11 +254,22 @@ async function executeWebhookJobInternal(
           snapshot,
           callbacks: {},
           loggingSession,
-          includeFileBase64: true, // Enable base64 hydration
+          includeFileBase64: true,
-          base64MaxBytes: undefined, // Use default limit
+          base64MaxBytes: undefined,
+          abortSignal: timeoutController.signal,
         })
 
-        if (executionResult.status === 'paused') {
+        if (
+          executionResult.status === 'cancelled' &&
+          timeoutController.isTimedOut() &&
+          timeoutController.timeoutMs
+        ) {
+          const timeoutErrorMessage = getTimeoutErrorMessage(null, timeoutController.timeoutMs)
+          logger.info(`[${requestId}] Airtable webhook execution timed out`, {
+            timeoutMs: timeoutController.timeoutMs,
+          })
+          await loggingSession.markAsFailed(timeoutErrorMessage)
+        } else if (executionResult.status === 'paused') {
           if (!executionResult.snapshotSeed) {
             logger.error(`[${requestId}] Missing snapshot seed for paused execution`, {
               executionId,
@@ -497,9 +521,20 @@ async function executeWebhookJobInternal(
       callbacks: {},
       loggingSession,
       includeFileBase64: true,
+      abortSignal: timeoutController.signal,
     })
 
-    if (executionResult.status === 'paused') {
+    if (
+      executionResult.status === 'cancelled' &&
+      timeoutController.isTimedOut() &&
+      timeoutController.timeoutMs
+    ) {
+      const timeoutErrorMessage = getTimeoutErrorMessage(null, timeoutController.timeoutMs)
+      logger.info(`[${requestId}] Webhook execution timed out`, {
+        timeoutMs: timeoutController.timeoutMs,
+      })
+      await loggingSession.markAsFailed(timeoutErrorMessage)
+    } else if (executionResult.status === 'paused') {
       if (!executionResult.snapshotSeed) {
         logger.error(`[${requestId}] Missing snapshot seed for paused execution`, {
           executionId,
@@ -601,6 +636,8 @@ async function executeWebhookJobInternal(
     }
 
     throw error
+  } finally {
+    timeoutController.cleanup()
   }
 }
 

apps/sim/background/workflow-execution.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { task } from '@trigger.dev/sdk'
 import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid'
+import { createTimeoutAbortController, getTimeoutErrorMessage } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { preprocessExecution } from '@/lib/execution/preprocessing'
 import { LoggingSession } from '@/lib/logs/execution/logging-session'
 import { buildTraceSpans } from '@/lib/logs/execution/trace-spans/trace-spans'
@@ -103,15 +104,33 @@ export async function executeWorkflowJob(payload: WorkflowExecutionPayload) {
       []
     )
 
-    const result = await executeWorkflowCore({
+    const timeoutController = createTimeoutAbortController(preprocessResult.executionTimeout?.async)
-      snapshot,
-      callbacks: {},
-      loggingSession,
-      includeFileBase64: true,
-      base64MaxBytes: undefined,
-    })
 
-    if (result.status === 'paused') {
+    let result
+    try {
+      result = await executeWorkflowCore({
+        snapshot,
+        callbacks: {},
+        loggingSession,
+        includeFileBase64: true,
+        base64MaxBytes: undefined,
+        abortSignal: timeoutController.signal,
+      })
+    } finally {
+      timeoutController.cleanup()
+    }
+
+    if (
+      result.status === 'cancelled' &&
+      timeoutController.isTimedOut() &&
+      timeoutController.timeoutMs
+    ) {
+      const timeoutErrorMessage = getTimeoutErrorMessage(null, timeoutController.timeoutMs)
+      logger.info(`[${requestId}] Workflow execution timed out`, {
+        timeoutMs: timeoutController.timeoutMs,
+      })
+      await loggingSession.markAsFailed(timeoutErrorMessage)
+    } else if (result.status === 'paused') {
       if (!result.snapshotSeed) {
         logger.error(`[${requestId}] Missing snapshot seed for paused execution`, {
           executionId,

apps/sim/executor/constants.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { getMaxExecutionTimeout } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import type { LoopType, ParallelType } from '@/lib/workflows/types'
 
 /**
@@ -187,8 +188,12 @@ export const HTTP = {
 
 export const AGENT = {
   DEFAULT_MODEL: 'claude-sonnet-4-5',
-  DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TIMEOUT: 600000,
+  get DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TIMEOUT() {
-  REQUEST_TIMEOUT: 600000,
+    return getMaxExecutionTimeout()
+  },
+  get REQUEST_TIMEOUT() {
+    return getMaxExecutionTimeout()
+  },
   CUSTOM_TOOL_PREFIX: 'custom_',
 } as const
 

apps/sim/executor/execution/engine.ts

@@ -162,6 +162,8 @@ export class ExecutionEngine {
         }
       }
 
+      this.finalizeIncompleteLogs()
+
       const errorMessage = normalizeError(error)
       logger.error('Execution failed', { error: errorMessage })
 

apps/sim/executor/handlers/wait/wait-handler.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ const sleep = async (ms: number, options: SleepOptions = {}): Promise<boolean> =
   const { signal, executionId } = options
   const useRedis = isRedisCancellationEnabled() && !!executionId
 
-  if (!useRedis && signal?.aborted) {
+  if (signal?.aborted) {
     return false
   }
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ const sleep = async (ms: number, options: SleepOptions = {}): Promise<boolean> =
     const cleanup = () => {
       if (mainTimeoutId) clearTimeout(mainTimeoutId)
       if (checkIntervalId) clearInterval(checkIntervalId)
-      if (!useRedis && signal) signal.removeEventListener('abort', onAbort)
+      if (signal) signal.removeEventListener('abort', onAbort)
     }
 
     const onAbort = () => {
@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@ const sleep = async (ms: number, options: SleepOptions = {}): Promise<boolean> =
       resolve(false)
     }
 
+    if (signal) {
+      signal.addEventListener('abort', onAbort, { once: true })
+    }
+
     if (useRedis) {
       checkIntervalId = setInterval(async () => {
         if (resolved) return
@@ -49,8 +53,6 @@ const sleep = async (ms: number, options: SleepOptions = {}): Promise<boolean> =
           }
         } catch {}
       }, CANCELLATION_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS)
-    } else if (signal) {
-      signal.addEventListener('abort', onAbort, { once: true })
     }
 
     mainTimeoutId = setTimeout(() => {

apps/sim/executor/handlers/workflow/workflow-handler.ts

@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ export class WorkflowBlockHandler implements BlockHandler {
           workspaceId: ctx.workspaceId,
           userId: ctx.userId,
           executionId: ctx.executionId,
+          abortSignal: ctx.abortSignal,
         },
       })
 

apps/sim/executor/utils/subflow-utils.ts

@@ -229,6 +229,10 @@ export function addSubflowErrorLog(
   }
   ctx.blockLogs.push(blockLog)
 
+  if (contextExtensions?.onBlockStart) {
+    contextExtensions.onBlockStart(blockId, blockName, blockType, execOrder)
+  }
+
   if (contextExtensions?.onBlockComplete) {
     contextExtensions.onBlockComplete(blockId, blockName, blockType, {
       input: inputData,

apps/sim/lib/a2a/constants.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 export { AGENT_CARD_PATH } from '@a2a-js/sdk'
+
+import { DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
+
 export const A2A_PROTOCOL_VERSION = '0.3.0'
 
-export const A2A_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 300000
+export const A2A_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS
 
 /**
  * Maximum number of messages stored per task in the database.

apps/sim/lib/copilot/tools/client/base-tool.ts

@@ -5,10 +5,8 @@ import type { ToolUIConfig } from './ui-config'
 
 const baseToolLogger = createLogger('BaseClientTool')
 
-/** Default timeout for tool execution (5 minutes) */
+const DEFAULT_TOOL_TIMEOUT_MS = 5 * 60 * 1000
-const DEFAULT_TOOL_TIMEOUT_MS = 2 * 60 * 1000
 
-/** Timeout for tools that run workflows (10 minutes) */
 export const WORKFLOW_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS = 10 * 60 * 1000
 
 // Client tool call states used by the new runtime

apps/sim/lib/core/config/env.ts

@@ -170,6 +170,11 @@ export const env = createEnv({
     RATE_LIMIT_ENTERPRISE_SYNC:            z.string().optional().default('600'),   // Enterprise tier sync API executions per minute
     RATE_LIMIT_ENTERPRISE_ASYNC:           z.string().optional().default('5000'),  // Enterprise tier async API executions per minute
 
+    EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_FREE:                z.string().optional().default('300'),
+    EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_PRO:                 z.string().optional().default('3600'),
+    EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_TEAM:                z.string().optional().default('3600'),
+    EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_ENTERPRISE:          z.string().optional().default('3600'),
+
     // Knowledge Base Processing Configuration - Shared across all processing methods
     KB_CONFIG_MAX_DURATION:                z.number().optional().default(600),     // Max processing duration in seconds (10 minutes)
     KB_CONFIG_MAX_ATTEMPTS:                z.number().optional().default(3),       // Max retry attempts

apps/sim/lib/core/execution-limits/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export * from './types'

apps/sim/lib/core/execution-limits/types.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+import { env } from '@/lib/core/config/env'
+import type { SubscriptionPlan } from '@/lib/core/rate-limiter/types'
+
+interface ExecutionTimeoutConfig {
+  sync: number
+  async: number
+}
+
+const DEFAULT_SYNC_TIMEOUTS_SECONDS = {
+  free: 300,
+  pro: 3600,
+  team: 3600,
+  enterprise: 3600,
+} as const
+
+const ASYNC_MULTIPLIER = 2
+const MAX_ASYNC_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 5400
+
+function getSyncTimeoutForPlan(plan: SubscriptionPlan): number {
+  const envVarMap: Record<SubscriptionPlan, string | undefined> = {
+    free: env.EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_FREE,
+    pro: env.EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_PRO,
+    team: env.EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_TEAM,
+    enterprise: env.EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_ENTERPRISE,
+  }
+  return (Number.parseInt(envVarMap[plan] || '') || DEFAULT_SYNC_TIMEOUTS_SECONDS[plan]) * 1000
+}
+
+function getAsyncTimeoutForPlan(plan: SubscriptionPlan): number {
+  const syncMs = getSyncTimeoutForPlan(plan)
+  const asyncMs = syncMs * ASYNC_MULTIPLIER
+  const maxAsyncMs = MAX_ASYNC_TIMEOUT_SECONDS * 1000
+  return Math.min(asyncMs, maxAsyncMs)
+}
+
+const EXECUTION_TIMEOUTS: Record<SubscriptionPlan, ExecutionTimeoutConfig> = {
+  free: {
+    sync: getSyncTimeoutForPlan('free'),
+    async: getAsyncTimeoutForPlan('free'),
+  },
+  pro: {
+    sync: getSyncTimeoutForPlan('pro'),
+    async: getAsyncTimeoutForPlan('pro'),
+  },
+  team: {
+    sync: getSyncTimeoutForPlan('team'),
+    async: getAsyncTimeoutForPlan('team'),
+  },
+  enterprise: {
+    sync: getSyncTimeoutForPlan('enterprise'),
+    async: getAsyncTimeoutForPlan('enterprise'),
+  },
+}
+
+export function getExecutionTimeout(
+  plan: SubscriptionPlan | undefined,
+  type: 'sync' | 'async' = 'sync'
+): number {
+  return EXECUTION_TIMEOUTS[plan || 'free'][type]
+}
+
+export function getMaxExecutionTimeout(): number {
+  return EXECUTION_TIMEOUTS.enterprise.async
+}
+
+export const DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS = EXECUTION_TIMEOUTS.free.sync
+
+export function isTimeoutError(error: unknown): boolean {
+  if (!error) return false
+
+  if (error instanceof Error) {
+    return error.name === 'TimeoutError'
+  }
+
+  if (typeof error === 'object' && 'name' in error) {
+    return (error as { name: string }).name === 'TimeoutError'
+  }
+
+  return false
+}
+
+export function getTimeoutErrorMessage(error: unknown, timeoutMs?: number): string {
+  if (timeoutMs) {
+    const timeoutSeconds = Math.floor(timeoutMs / 1000)
+    const timeoutMinutes = Math.floor(timeoutSeconds / 60)
+    const displayTime =
+      timeoutMinutes > 0
+        ? `${timeoutMinutes} minute${timeoutMinutes > 1 ? 's' : ''}`
+        : `${timeoutSeconds} seconds`
+    return `Execution timed out after ${displayTime}`
+  }
+
+  return 'Execution timed out'
+}
+
+/**
+ * Helper to create an AbortController with timeout handling.
+ * Centralizes the timeout abort pattern used across execution paths.
+ */
+export interface TimeoutAbortController {
+  /** The AbortSignal to pass to execution functions */
+  signal: AbortSignal
+  /** Returns true if the abort was triggered by timeout (not user cancellation) */
+  isTimedOut: () => boolean
+  /** Cleanup function - call in finally block to clear the timeout */
+  cleanup: () => void
+  /** Manually abort the execution (for user cancellation) */
+  abort: () => void
+  /** The timeout duration in milliseconds (undefined if no timeout) */
+  timeoutMs: number | undefined
+}
+
+export function createTimeoutAbortController(timeoutMs?: number): TimeoutAbortController {
+  const abortController = new AbortController()
+  let isTimedOut = false
+  let timeoutId: NodeJS.Timeout | undefined
+
+  if (timeoutMs) {
+    timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
+      isTimedOut = true
+      abortController.abort()
+    }, timeoutMs)
+  }
+
+  return {
+    signal: abortController.signal,
+    isTimedOut: () => isTimedOut,
+    cleanup: () => {
+      if (timeoutId) clearTimeout(timeoutId)
+    },
+    abort: () => abortController.abort(),
+    timeoutMs,
+  }
+}

apps/sim/lib/core/idempotency/service.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { idempotencyKey } from '@sim/db/schema'
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm'
 import { getRedisClient } from '@/lib/core/config/redis'
+import { getMaxExecutionTimeout } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { getStorageMethod, type StorageMethod } from '@/lib/core/storage'
 import { extractProviderIdentifierFromBody } from '@/lib/webhooks/provider-utils'
 
@@ -36,9 +37,9 @@ export interface AtomicClaimResult {
   storageMethod: StorageMethod
 }
 
-const DEFAULT_TTL = 60 * 60 * 24 * 7 // 7 days
+const DEFAULT_TTL = 60 * 60 * 24 * 7
 const REDIS_KEY_PREFIX = 'idempotency:'
-const MAX_WAIT_TIME_MS = 300000 // 5 minutes max wait
+const MAX_WAIT_TIME_MS = getMaxExecutionTimeout()
 const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 1000
 
 /**

apps/sim/lib/core/utils/validation.ts

@@ -50,3 +50,13 @@ export function getInvalidCharacters(name: string): string[] {
   const invalidChars = name.match(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_\s]/g)
   return invalidChars ? [...new Set(invalidChars)] : []
 }
+
+/**
+ * Escapes non-ASCII characters in JSON string for HTTP header safety.
+ * Dropbox API requires characters 0x7F and all non-ASCII to be escaped as \uXXXX.
+ */
+export function httpHeaderSafeJson(value: object): string {
+  return JSON.stringify(value).replace(/[\u007f-\uffff]/g, (c) => {
+    return `\\u${(`0000${c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)}`).slice(-4)}`
+  })
+}

apps/sim/lib/execution/constants.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-/**
+import { DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
- * Execution timeout constants
- *
- * DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS: The default timeout for executing user code (10 minutes)
- */
 
-export const DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS = 600000 // 10 minutes (600 seconds)
+export { DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS }

apps/sim/lib/execution/preprocessing.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm'
 import { checkServerSideUsageLimits } from '@/lib/billing/calculations/usage-monitor'
 import { getHighestPrioritySubscription } from '@/lib/billing/core/subscription'
+import { getExecutionTimeout } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { RateLimiter } from '@/lib/core/rate-limiter/rate-limiter'
+import type { SubscriptionPlan } from '@/lib/core/rate-limiter/types'
 import { LoggingSession } from '@/lib/logs/execution/logging-session'
 import { getWorkspaceBilledAccountUserId } from '@/lib/workspaces/utils'
 import type { CoreTriggerType } from '@/stores/logs/filters/types'
@@ -133,10 +135,10 @@ export interface PreprocessExecutionResult {
   success: boolean
   error?: {
     message: string
-    statusCode: number // HTTP status code (401, 402, 403, 404, 429, 500)
+    statusCode: number
-    logCreated: boolean // Whether error was logged to execution_logs
+    logCreated: boolean
   }
-  actorUserId?: string // The user ID that will be billed
+  actorUserId?: string
   workflowRecord?: WorkflowRecord
   userSubscription?: SubscriptionInfo | null
   rateLimitInfo?: {
@@ -144,6 +146,10 @@ export interface PreprocessExecutionResult {
     remaining: number
     resetAt: Date
   }
+  executionTimeout?: {
+    sync: number
+    async: number
+  }
 }
 
 type WorkflowRecord = typeof workflow.$inferSelect
@@ -484,12 +490,17 @@ export async function preprocessExecution(
     triggerType,
   })
 
+  const plan = userSubscription?.plan as SubscriptionPlan | undefined
   return {
     success: true,
     actorUserId,
     workflowRecord,
     userSubscription,
     rateLimitInfo,
+    executionTimeout: {
+      sync: getExecutionTimeout(plan, 'sync'),
+      async: getExecutionTimeout(plan, 'async'),
+    },
   }
 }
 

apps/sim/lib/logs/execution/logger.ts

@@ -261,10 +261,14 @@ export class ExecutionLogger implements IExecutionLoggerService {
       models: costSummary.models,
     }
 
-    const totalDuration =
+    const rawDurationMs =
       isResume && existingLog?.startedAt
         ? new Date(endedAt).getTime() - new Date(existingLog.startedAt).getTime()
         : totalDurationMs
+    const totalDuration =
+      typeof rawDurationMs === 'number' && Number.isFinite(rawDurationMs)
+        ? Math.max(0, Math.round(rawDurationMs))
+        : 0
 
     const [updatedLog] = await db
       .update(workflowExecutionLogs)

apps/sim/lib/logs/execution/logging-session.ts

@@ -776,11 +776,16 @@ export class LoggingSession {
       await db
         .update(workflowExecutionLogs)
         .set({
+          level: 'error',
           status: 'failed',
           executionData: sql`jsonb_set(
-            COALESCE(execution_data, '{}'::jsonb),
+            jsonb_set(
-            ARRAY['error'],
+              COALESCE(execution_data, '{}'::jsonb),
-            to_jsonb(${message}::text)
+              ARRAY['error'],
+              to_jsonb(${message}::text)
+            ),
+            ARRAY['finalOutput'],
+            jsonb_build_object('error', ${message}::text)
           )`,
         })
         .where(eq(workflowExecutionLogs.executionId, executionId))

apps/sim/lib/mcp/client.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { Client } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/client/index.js'
 import { StreamableHTTPClientTransport } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/client/streamableHttp.js'
 import type { ListToolsResult, Tool } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/types.js'
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { getMaxExecutionTimeout } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import {
   McpConnectionError,
   type McpConnectionStatus,
@@ -202,7 +203,7 @@ export class McpClient {
       const sdkResult = await this.client.callTool(
         { name: toolCall.name, arguments: toolCall.arguments },
         undefined,
-        { timeout: 600000 } // 10 minutes - override SDK's 60s default
+        { timeout: getMaxExecutionTimeout() }
       )
 
       return sdkResult as McpToolResult

apps/sim/lib/mcp/shared.ts

@@ -32,9 +32,11 @@ export function sanitizeHeaders(
 
 /**
  * Client-safe MCP constants
+ * Note: CLIENT_TIMEOUT should match DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS from @/lib/core/execution-limits
+ * (5 minutes = 300 seconds for free tier). Keep in sync if that value changes.
  */
 export const MCP_CLIENT_CONSTANTS = {
-  CLIENT_TIMEOUT: 600000,
+  CLIENT_TIMEOUT: 5 * 60 * 1000, // 5 minutes - matches DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS
   MAX_RETRIES: 3,
   RECONNECT_DELAY: 1000,
 } as const

apps/sim/lib/mcp/utils.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import {
   categorizeError,
   createMcpToolId,
@@ -81,8 +82,8 @@ describe('generateMcpServerId', () => {
 })
 
 describe('MCP_CONSTANTS', () => {
-  it.concurrent('has correct execution timeout (10 minutes)', () => {
+  it.concurrent('has correct execution timeout', () => {
-    expect(MCP_CONSTANTS.EXECUTION_TIMEOUT).toBe(600000)
+    expect(MCP_CONSTANTS.EXECUTION_TIMEOUT).toBe(DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS)
   })
 
   it.concurrent('has correct cache timeout (5 minutes)', () => {
@@ -107,8 +108,8 @@ describe('MCP_CONSTANTS', () => {
 })
 
 describe('MCP_CLIENT_CONSTANTS', () => {
-  it.concurrent('has correct client timeout (10 minutes)', () => {
+  it.concurrent('has correct client timeout', () => {
-    expect(MCP_CLIENT_CONSTANTS.CLIENT_TIMEOUT).toBe(600000)
+    expect(MCP_CLIENT_CONSTANTS.CLIENT_TIMEOUT).toBe(DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS)
   })
 
   it.concurrent('has correct auto refresh interval (5 minutes)', () => {

apps/sim/lib/mcp/utils.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 import { NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+import { DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import type { McpApiResponse } from '@/lib/mcp/types'
 import { isMcpTool, MCP } from '@/executor/constants'
 
-/**
- * MCP-specific constants
- */
 export const MCP_CONSTANTS = {
-  EXECUTION_TIMEOUT: 600000,
+  EXECUTION_TIMEOUT: DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS,
   CACHE_TIMEOUT: 5 * 60 * 1000,
   DEFAULT_RETRIES: 3,
   DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT: 30000,
@@ -45,11 +43,8 @@ export function sanitizeHeaders(
   )
 }
 
-/**
- * Client-safe MCP constants
- */
 export const MCP_CLIENT_CONSTANTS = {
-  CLIENT_TIMEOUT: 600000,
+  CLIENT_TIMEOUT: DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS,
   AUTO_REFRESH_INTERVAL: 5 * 60 * 1000,
 } as const
 

apps/sim/lib/workflows/executor/execute-workflow.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ export interface ExecuteWorkflowOptions {
   skipLoggingComplete?: boolean
   includeFileBase64?: boolean
   base64MaxBytes?: number
+  abortSignal?: AbortSignal
 }
 
 export interface WorkflowInfo {
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@ export async function executeWorkflow(
       loggingSession,
       includeFileBase64: streamConfig?.includeFileBase64,
       base64MaxBytes: streamConfig?.base64MaxBytes,
+      abortSignal: streamConfig?.abortSignal,
     })
 
     if (result.status === 'paused') {

apps/sim/lib/workflows/executor/execution-events.ts

@@ -58,9 +58,6 @@ export interface ExecutionErrorEvent extends BaseExecutionEvent {
   }
 }
 
-/**
- * Execution cancelled event
- */
 export interface ExecutionCancelledEvent extends BaseExecutionEvent {
   type: 'execution:cancelled'
   workflowId: string
@@ -167,9 +164,6 @@ export type ExecutionEvent =
   | StreamChunkEvent
   | StreamDoneEvent
 
-/**
- * Extracted data types for use in callbacks
- */
 export type ExecutionStartedData = ExecutionStartedEvent['data']
 export type ExecutionCompletedData = ExecutionCompletedEvent['data']
 export type ExecutionErrorData = ExecutionErrorEvent['data']

apps/sim/lib/workflows/executor/human-in-the-loop-manager.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { pausedExecutions, resumeQueue, workflowExecutionLogs } from '@sim/db/sc
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { and, asc, desc, eq, inArray, lt, type SQL, sql } from 'drizzle-orm'
 import type { Edge } from 'reactflow'
+import { createTimeoutAbortController, getTimeoutErrorMessage } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { preprocessExecution } from '@/lib/execution/preprocessing'
 import { LoggingSession } from '@/lib/logs/execution/logging-session'
 import { executeWorkflowCore } from '@/lib/workflows/executor/execution-core'
@@ -771,14 +772,39 @@ export class PauseResumeManager {
       actorUserId: metadata.userId,
     })
 
-    return await executeWorkflowCore({
+    const timeoutController = createTimeoutAbortController(
-      snapshot: resumeSnapshot,
+      preprocessingResult.executionTimeout?.async
-      callbacks: {},
+    )
-      loggingSession,
+
-      skipLogCreation: true, // Reuse existing log entry
+    let result: ExecutionResult
-      includeFileBase64: true, // Enable base64 hydration
+    try {
-      base64MaxBytes: undefined, // Use default limit
+      result = await executeWorkflowCore({
-    })
+        snapshot: resumeSnapshot,
+        callbacks: {},
+        loggingSession,
+        skipLogCreation: true, // Reuse existing log entry
+        includeFileBase64: true, // Enable base64 hydration
+        base64MaxBytes: undefined, // Use default limit
+        abortSignal: timeoutController.signal,
+      })
+    } finally {
+      timeoutController.cleanup()
+    }
+
+    if (
+      result.status === 'cancelled' &&
+      timeoutController.isTimedOut() &&
+      timeoutController.timeoutMs
+    ) {
+      const timeoutErrorMessage = getTimeoutErrorMessage(null, timeoutController.timeoutMs)
+      logger.info('Resume execution timed out', {
+        resumeExecutionId,
+        timeoutMs: timeoutController.timeoutMs,
+      })
+      await loggingSession.markAsFailed(timeoutErrorMessage)
+    }
+
+    return result
   }
 
   private static async markResumeCompleted(args: {

apps/sim/lib/workflows/streaming/streaming.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { createTimeoutAbortController, getTimeoutErrorMessage } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import {
   extractBlockIdFromOutputId,
   extractPathFromOutputId,
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ export interface StreamingConfig {
   workflowTriggerType?: 'api' | 'chat'
   includeFileBase64?: boolean
   base64MaxBytes?: number
+  timeoutMs?: number
 }
 
 export interface StreamingResponseOptions {
@@ -169,6 +171,7 @@ export async function createStreamingResponse(
   options: StreamingResponseOptions
 ): Promise<ReadableStream> {
   const { requestId, workflow, input, executingUserId, streamConfig, executionId } = options
+  const timeoutController = createTimeoutAbortController(streamConfig.timeoutMs)
 
   return new ReadableStream({
     async start(controller) {
@@ -284,6 +287,7 @@ export async function createStreamingResponse(
             skipLoggingComplete: true,
             includeFileBase64: streamConfig.includeFileBase64,
             base64MaxBytes: streamConfig.base64MaxBytes,
+            abortSignal: timeoutController.signal,
           },
           executionId
         )
@@ -293,18 +297,34 @@ export async function createStreamingResponse(
           processStreamingBlockLogs(result.logs, state.streamedContent)
         }
 
-        await completeLoggingSession(result)
+        if (
+          result.status === 'cancelled' &&
+          timeoutController.isTimedOut() &&
+          timeoutController.timeoutMs
+        ) {
+          const timeoutErrorMessage = getTimeoutErrorMessage(null, timeoutController.timeoutMs)
+          logger.info(`[${requestId}] Streaming execution timed out`, {
+            timeoutMs: timeoutController.timeoutMs,
+          })
+          if (result._streamingMetadata?.loggingSession) {
+            await result._streamingMetadata.loggingSession.markAsFailed(timeoutErrorMessage)
+          }
+          controller.enqueue(encodeSSE({ event: 'error', error: timeoutErrorMessage }))
+        } else {
+          await completeLoggingSession(result)
 
-        const minimalResult = await buildMinimalResult(
+          const minimalResult = await buildMinimalResult(
-          result,
+            result,
-          streamConfig.selectedOutputs,
+            streamConfig.selectedOutputs,
-          state.streamedContent,
+            state.streamedContent,
-          requestId,
+            requestId,
-          streamConfig.includeFileBase64 ?? true,
+            streamConfig.includeFileBase64 ?? true,
-          streamConfig.base64MaxBytes
+            streamConfig.base64MaxBytes
-        )
+          )
+
+          controller.enqueue(encodeSSE({ event: 'final', data: minimalResult }))
+        }
 
-        controller.enqueue(encodeSSE({ event: 'final', data: minimalResult }))
         controller.enqueue(encodeSSE('[DONE]'))
 
         if (executionId) {
@@ -323,6 +343,20 @@ export async function createStreamingResponse(
         }
 
         controller.close()
+      } finally {
+        timeoutController.cleanup()
+      }
+    },
+    async cancel(reason) {
+      logger.info(`[${requestId}] Streaming response cancelled`, { reason })
+      timeoutController.abort()
+      timeoutController.cleanup()
+      if (executionId) {
+        try {
+          await cleanupExecutionBase64Cache(executionId)
+        } catch (error) {
+          logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to cleanup base64 cache`, { error })
+        }
       }
     },
   })

apps/sim/tools/apify/run_actor_async.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
+import { DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import type { RunActorParams, RunActorResult } from '@/tools/apify/types'
 import type { ToolConfig } from '@/tools/types'
 
-const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 5000 // 5 seconds between polls
+const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 5000
-const MAX_POLL_TIME_MS = 300000 // 5 minutes maximum polling time
+const MAX_POLL_TIME_MS = DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS
 
 export const apifyRunActorAsyncTool: ToolConfig<RunActorParams, RunActorResult> = {
   id: 'apify_run_actor_async',

apps/sim/tools/browser_use/run_task.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { getMaxExecutionTimeout } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import type { BrowserUseRunTaskParams, BrowserUseRunTaskResponse } from '@/tools/browser_use/types'
 import type { ToolConfig, ToolResponse } from '@/tools/types'
 
 const logger = createLogger('BrowserUseTool')
 
 const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 5000
-const MAX_POLL_TIME_MS = 600000 // 10 minutes
+const MAX_POLL_TIME_MS = getMaxExecutionTimeout()
 const MAX_CONSECUTIVE_ERRORS = 3
 
 async function createSessionWithProfile(

apps/sim/tools/dropbox/download.ts

@@ -1,16 +1,7 @@
+import { httpHeaderSafeJson } from '@/lib/core/utils/validation'
 import type { DropboxDownloadParams, DropboxDownloadResponse } from '@/tools/dropbox/types'
 import type { ToolConfig } from '@/tools/types'
 
-/**
- * Escapes non-ASCII characters in JSON string for HTTP header safety.
- * Dropbox API requires characters 0x7F and all non-ASCII to be escaped as \uXXXX.
- */
-function httpHeaderSafeJson(value: object): string {
-  return JSON.stringify(value).replace(/[\u007f-\uffff]/g, (c) => {
-    return '\\u' + ('0000' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4)
-  })
-}
-
 export const dropboxDownloadTool: ToolConfig<DropboxDownloadParams, DropboxDownloadResponse> = {
   id: 'dropbox_download',
   name: 'Dropbox Download File',

apps/sim/tools/exa/research.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import type { ExaResearchParams, ExaResearchResponse } from '@/tools/exa/types'
 import type { ToolConfig } from '@/tools/types'
 
 const logger = createLogger('ExaResearchTool')
 
-const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 5000 // 5 seconds between polls
+const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 5000
-const MAX_POLL_TIME_MS = 300000 // 5 minutes maximum polling time
+const MAX_POLL_TIME_MS = DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS
 
 export const researchTool: ToolConfig<ExaResearchParams, ExaResearchResponse> = {
   id: 'exa_research',

apps/sim/tools/firecrawl/agent.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import type { AgentParams, AgentResponse } from '@/tools/firecrawl/types'
 import type { ToolConfig } from '@/tools/types'
 
 const logger = createLogger('FirecrawlAgentTool')
 
-const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 5000 // 5 seconds between polls
+const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 5000
-const MAX_POLL_TIME_MS = 300000 // 5 minutes maximum polling time
+const MAX_POLL_TIME_MS = DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS
 
 export const agentTool: ToolConfig<AgentParams, AgentResponse> = {
   id: 'firecrawl_agent',

apps/sim/tools/firecrawl/crawl.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import type { FirecrawlCrawlParams, FirecrawlCrawlResponse } from '@/tools/firecrawl/types'
 import { CRAWLED_PAGE_OUTPUT_PROPERTIES } from '@/tools/firecrawl/types'
 import type { ToolConfig } from '@/tools/types'
 
 const logger = createLogger('FirecrawlCrawlTool')
 
-const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 5000 // 5 seconds between polls
+const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 5000
-const MAX_POLL_TIME_MS = 300000 // 5 minutes maximum polling time
+const MAX_POLL_TIME_MS = DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS
 
 export const crawlTool: ToolConfig<FirecrawlCrawlParams, FirecrawlCrawlResponse> = {
   id: 'firecrawl_crawl',

apps/sim/tools/firecrawl/extract.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import type { ExtractParams, ExtractResponse } from '@/tools/firecrawl/types'
 import type { ToolConfig } from '@/tools/types'
 
 const logger = createLogger('FirecrawlExtractTool')
 
-const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 5000 // 5 seconds between polls
+const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 5000
-const MAX_POLL_TIME_MS = 300000 // 5 minutes maximum polling time
+const MAX_POLL_TIME_MS = DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS
 
 export const extractTool: ToolConfig<ExtractParams, ExtractResponse> = {
   id: 'firecrawl_extract',

apps/sim/tools/index.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { generateInternalToken } from '@/lib/auth/internal'
+import { DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import {
   secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
   validateUrlWithDNS,
@@ -628,9 +629,8 @@ async function executeToolRequest(
     let response: Response
 
     if (isInternalRoute) {
-      // Set up AbortController for timeout support on internal routes
       const controller = new AbortController()
-      const timeout = requestParams.timeout || 300000
+      const timeout = requestParams.timeout || DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS
       const timeoutId = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), timeout)
 
       try {

apps/sim/tools/utils.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { getMaxExecutionTimeout } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { getBaseUrl } from '@/lib/core/utils/urls'
 import { AGENT, isCustomTool } from '@/executor/constants'
 import { getCustomTool } from '@/hooks/queries/custom-tools'
@@ -122,9 +123,7 @@ export function formatRequestParams(tool: ToolConfig, params: Record<string, any
     }
   }
 
-  // Get timeout from params (if specified) and validate
+  const MAX_TIMEOUT_MS = getMaxExecutionTimeout()
-  // Must be a finite positive number, max 600000ms (10 minutes) as documented
-  const MAX_TIMEOUT_MS = 600000
   const rawTimeout = params.timeout
   const timeout = rawTimeout != null ? Number(rawTimeout) : undefined
   const validTimeout =

apps/sim/trigger.config.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
   project: env.TRIGGER_PROJECT_ID!,
   runtime: 'node',
   logLevel: 'log',
-  maxDuration: 600,
+  maxDuration: 5400,
   retries: {
     enabledInDev: false,
     default: {

bun.lock

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 {
   "lockfileVersion": 1,
-  "configVersion": 1,
   "workspaces": {
     "": {
       "name": "simstudio",