revert console update change

Resolved conflicts:
- stt/route.ts: Keep both execution timeout and security imports
- textract/parse/route.ts: Keep both execution timeout and validation imports
- use-workflow-execution.ts: Keep cancellation console entry from feature branch
- input-validation.ts: Remove server functions (moved to .server.ts in staging)
- tools/index.ts: Keep execution timeout, use .server import for security

.claude/commands/add-block.md

@@ -183,6 +183,109 @@ export const {ServiceName}Block: BlockConfig = {
 }
 ```
 
+## File Input Handling
+
+When your block accepts file uploads, use the basic/advanced mode pattern with `normalizeFileInput`.
+
+### Basic/Advanced File Pattern
+
+```typescript
+// Basic mode: Visual file upload
+{
+  id: 'uploadFile',
+  title: 'File',
+  type: 'file-upload',
+  canonicalParamId: 'file',  // Both map to 'file' param
+  placeholder: 'Upload file',
+  mode: 'basic',
+  multiple: false,
+  required: true,
+  condition: { field: 'operation', value: 'upload' },
+},
+// Advanced mode: Reference from other blocks
+{
+  id: 'fileRef',
+  title: 'File',
+  type: 'short-input',
+  canonicalParamId: 'file',  // Both map to 'file' param
+  placeholder: 'Reference file (e.g., {{file_block.output}})',
+  mode: 'advanced',
+  required: true,
+  condition: { field: 'operation', value: 'upload' },
+},
+```
+
+**Critical constraints:**
+- `canonicalParamId` must NOT match any subblock's `id` in the same block
+- Values are stored under subblock `id`, not `canonicalParamId`
+
+### Normalizing File Input in tools.config
+
+Use `normalizeFileInput` to handle all input variants:
+
+```typescript
+import { normalizeFileInput } from '@/blocks/utils'
+
+tools: {
+  access: ['service_upload'],
+  config: {
+    tool: (params) => {
+      // Check all field IDs: uploadFile (basic), fileRef (advanced), fileContent (legacy)
+      const normalizedFile = normalizeFileInput(
+        params.uploadFile || params.fileRef || params.fileContent,
+        { single: true }
+      )
+      if (normalizedFile) {
+        params.file = normalizedFile
+      }
+      return `service_${params.operation}`
+    },
+  },
+}
+```
+
+**Why this pattern?**
+- Values come through as `params.uploadFile` or `params.fileRef` (the subblock IDs)
+- `canonicalParamId` only controls UI/schema mapping, not runtime values
+- `normalizeFileInput` handles JSON strings from advanced mode template resolution
+
+### File Input Types in `inputs`
+
+Use `type: 'json'` for file inputs:
+
+```typescript
+inputs: {
+  uploadFile: { type: 'json', description: 'Uploaded file (UserFile)' },
+  fileRef: { type: 'json', description: 'File reference from previous block' },
+  // Legacy field for backwards compatibility
+  fileContent: { type: 'string', description: 'Legacy: base64 encoded content' },
+}
+```
+
+### Multiple Files
+
+For multiple file uploads:
+
+```typescript
+{
+  id: 'attachments',
+  title: 'Attachments',
+  type: 'file-upload',
+  multiple: true,  // Allow multiple files
+  maxSize: 25,     // Max size in MB per file
+  acceptedTypes: 'image/*,application/pdf,.doc,.docx',
+}
+
+// In tools.config:
+const normalizedFiles = normalizeFileInput(
+  params.attachments || params.attachmentRefs,
+  // No { single: true } - returns array
+)
+if (normalizedFiles) {
+  params.files = normalizedFiles
+}
+```
+
 ## Condition Syntax
 
 Controls when a field is shown based on other field values.

.claude/commands/add-integration.md

@@ -457,7 +457,230 @@ You can usually find this in the service's brand/press kit page, or copy it from
 Paste the SVG code here and I'll convert it to a React component.
 ```
 
-## Common Gotchas
+## File Handling
+
+When your integration handles file uploads or downloads, follow these patterns to work with `UserFile` objects consistently.
+
+### What is a UserFile?
+
+A `UserFile` is the standard file representation in Sim:
+
+```typescript
+interface UserFile {
+  id: string       // Unique identifier
+  name: string     // Original filename
+  url: string      // Presigned URL for download
+  size: number     // File size in bytes
+  type: string     // MIME type (e.g., 'application/pdf')
+  base64?: string  // Optional base64 content (if small file)
+  key?: string     // Internal storage key
+  context?: object // Storage context metadata
+}
+```
+
+### File Input Pattern (Uploads)
+
+For tools that accept file uploads, **always route through an internal API endpoint** rather than calling external APIs directly. This ensures proper file content retrieval.
+
+#### 1. Block SubBlocks for File Input
+
+Use the basic/advanced mode pattern:
+
+```typescript
+// Basic mode: File upload UI
+{
+  id: 'uploadFile',
+  title: 'File',
+  type: 'file-upload',
+  canonicalParamId: 'file',  // Maps to 'file' param
+  placeholder: 'Upload file',
+  mode: 'basic',
+  multiple: false,
+  required: true,
+  condition: { field: 'operation', value: 'upload' },
+},
+// Advanced mode: Reference from previous block
+{
+  id: 'fileRef',
+  title: 'File',
+  type: 'short-input',
+  canonicalParamId: 'file',  // Same canonical param
+  placeholder: 'Reference file (e.g., {{file_block.output}})',
+  mode: 'advanced',
+  required: true,
+  condition: { field: 'operation', value: 'upload' },
+},
+```
+
+**Critical:** `canonicalParamId` must NOT match any subblock `id`.
+
+#### 2. Normalize File Input in Block Config
+
+In `tools.config.tool`, use `normalizeFileInput` to handle all input variants:
+
+```typescript
+import { normalizeFileInput } from '@/blocks/utils'
+
+tools: {
+  config: {
+    tool: (params) => {
+      // Normalize file from basic (uploadFile), advanced (fileRef), or legacy (fileContent)
+      const normalizedFile = normalizeFileInput(
+        params.uploadFile || params.fileRef || params.fileContent,
+        { single: true }
+      )
+      if (normalizedFile) {
+        params.file = normalizedFile
+      }
+      return `{service}_${params.operation}`
+    },
+  },
+}
+```
+
+#### 3. Create Internal API Route
+
+Create `apps/sim/app/api/tools/{service}/{action}/route.ts`:
+
+```typescript
+import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { NextResponse, type NextRequest } from 'next/server'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { FileInputSchema, type RawFileInput } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
+import { processFilesToUserFiles } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
+
+const logger = createLogger('{Service}UploadAPI')
+
+const RequestSchema = z.object({
+  accessToken: z.string(),
+  file: FileInputSchema.optional().nullable(),
+  // Legacy field for backwards compatibility
+  fileContent: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  // ... other params
+})
+
+export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
+  const requestId = generateRequestId()
+
+  const authResult = await checkInternalAuth(request, { requireWorkflowId: false })
+  if (!authResult.success) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ success: false, error: 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 401 })
+  }
+
+  const body = await request.json()
+  const data = RequestSchema.parse(body)
+
+  let fileBuffer: Buffer
+  let fileName: string
+
+  // Prefer UserFile input, fall back to legacy base64
+  if (data.file) {
+    const userFiles = processFilesToUserFiles([data.file as RawFileInput], requestId, logger)
+    if (userFiles.length === 0) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ success: false, error: 'Invalid file' }, { status: 400 })
+    }
+    const userFile = userFiles[0]
+    fileBuffer = await downloadFileFromStorage(userFile, requestId, logger)
+    fileName = userFile.name
+  } else if (data.fileContent) {
+    // Legacy: base64 string (backwards compatibility)
+    fileBuffer = Buffer.from(data.fileContent, 'base64')
+    fileName = 'file'
+  } else {
+    return NextResponse.json({ success: false, error: 'File required' }, { status: 400 })
+  }
+
+  // Now call external API with fileBuffer
+  const response = await fetch('https://api.{service}.com/upload', {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${data.accessToken}` },
+    body: new Uint8Array(fileBuffer),  // Convert Buffer for fetch
+  })
+
+  // ... handle response
+}
+```
+
+#### 4. Update Tool to Use Internal Route
+
+```typescript
+export const {service}UploadTool: ToolConfig<Params, Response> = {
+  id: '{service}_upload',
+  // ...
+  params: {
+    file: { type: 'file', required: false, visibility: 'user-or-llm' },
+    fileContent: { type: 'string', required: false, visibility: 'hidden' }, // Legacy
+  },
+  request: {
+    url: '/api/tools/{service}/upload',  // Internal route
+    method: 'POST',
+    body: (params) => ({
+      accessToken: params.accessToken,
+      file: params.file,
+      fileContent: params.fileContent,
+    }),
+  },
+}
+```
+
+### File Output Pattern (Downloads)
+
+For tools that return files, use `FileToolProcessor` to store files and return `UserFile` objects.
+
+#### In Tool transformResponse
+
+```typescript
+import { FileToolProcessor } from '@/executor/utils/file-tool-processor'
+
+transformResponse: async (response, context) => {
+  const data = await response.json()
+
+  // Process file outputs to UserFile objects
+  const fileProcessor = new FileToolProcessor(context)
+  const file = await fileProcessor.processFileData({
+    data: data.content,      // base64 or buffer
+    mimeType: data.mimeType,
+    filename: data.filename,
+  })
+
+  return {
+    success: true,
+    output: { file },
+  }
+}
+```
+
+#### In API Route (for complex file handling)
+
+```typescript
+// Return file data that FileToolProcessor can handle
+return NextResponse.json({
+  success: true,
+  output: {
+    file: {
+      data: base64Content,
+      mimeType: 'application/pdf',
+      filename: 'document.pdf',
+    },
+  },
+})
+```
+
+### Key Helpers Reference
+
+| Helper | Location | Purpose |
+|--------|----------|---------|
+| `normalizeFileInput` | `@/blocks/utils` | Normalize file params in block config |
+| `processFilesToUserFiles` | `@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils` | Convert raw inputs to UserFile[] |
+| `downloadFileFromStorage` | `@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server` | Get file Buffer from UserFile |
+| `FileToolProcessor` | `@/executor/utils/file-tool-processor` | Process tool output files |
+| `isUserFile` | `@/lib/core/utils/user-file` | Type guard for UserFile objects |
+| `FileInputSchema` | `@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas` | Zod schema for file validation |
+
+### Common Gotchas
 
 1. **OAuth serviceId must match** - The `serviceId` in oauth-input must match the OAuth provider configuration
 2. **Tool IDs are snake_case** - `stripe_create_payment`, not `stripeCreatePayment`
@@ -465,3 +688,5 @@ Paste the SVG code here and I'll convert it to a React component.
 4. **Alphabetical ordering** - Keep imports and registry entries alphabetically sorted
 5. **Required can be conditional** - Use `required: { field: 'op', value: 'create' }` instead of always true
 6. **DependsOn clears options** - When a dependency changes, selector options are refetched
+7. **Never pass Buffer directly to fetch** - Convert to `new Uint8Array(buffer)` for TypeScript compatibility
+8. **Always handle legacy file params** - Keep hidden `fileContent` params for backwards compatibility

.claude/rules/sim-integrations.md

@@ -195,6 +195,52 @@ import { {service}WebhookTrigger } from '@/triggers/{service}'
 {service}_webhook: {service}WebhookTrigger,
 ```
 
+## File Handling
+
+When integrations handle file uploads/downloads, use `UserFile` objects consistently.
+
+### File Input (Uploads)
+
+1. **Block subBlocks:** Use basic/advanced mode pattern with `canonicalParamId`
+2. **Normalize in block config:** Use `normalizeFileInput` from `@/blocks/utils`
+3. **Internal API route:** Create route that uses `downloadFileFromStorage` to get file content
+4. **Tool routes to internal API:** Don't call external APIs directly with files
+
+```typescript
+// In block tools.config:
+import { normalizeFileInput } from '@/blocks/utils'
+
+const normalizedFile = normalizeFileInput(
+  params.uploadFile || params.fileRef || params.fileContent,
+  { single: true }
+)
+if (normalizedFile) params.file = normalizedFile
+```
+
+### File Output (Downloads)
+
+Use `FileToolProcessor` in tool `transformResponse` to store files:
+
+```typescript
+import { FileToolProcessor } from '@/executor/utils/file-tool-processor'
+
+const processor = new FileToolProcessor(context)
+const file = await processor.processFileData({
+  data: base64Content,
+  mimeType: 'application/pdf',
+  filename: 'doc.pdf',
+})
+```
+
+### Key Helpers
+
+| Helper | Location | Purpose |
+|--------|----------|---------|
+| `normalizeFileInput` | `@/blocks/utils` | Normalize file params in block config |
+| `processFilesToUserFiles` | `@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils` | Convert raw inputs to UserFile[] |
+| `downloadFileFromStorage` | `@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server` | Get Buffer from UserFile |
+| `FileToolProcessor` | `@/executor/utils/file-tool-processor` | Process tool output files |
+
 ## Checklist
 
 - [ ] Look up API docs for the service
@@ -207,3 +253,5 @@ import { {service}WebhookTrigger } from '@/triggers/{service}'
 - [ ] Register block in `blocks/registry.ts`
 - [ ] (Optional) Create triggers in `triggers/{service}/`
 - [ ] (Optional) Register triggers in `triggers/registry.ts`
+- [ ] (If file uploads) Create internal API route with `downloadFileFromStorage`
+- [ ] (If file uploads) Use `normalizeFileInput` in block config

.cursor/rules/sim-integrations.mdc

@@ -193,6 +193,52 @@ import { {service}WebhookTrigger } from '@/triggers/{service}'
 {service}_webhook: {service}WebhookTrigger,
 ```
 
+## File Handling
+
+When integrations handle file uploads/downloads, use `UserFile` objects consistently.
+
+### File Input (Uploads)
+
+1. **Block subBlocks:** Use basic/advanced mode pattern with `canonicalParamId`
+2. **Normalize in block config:** Use `normalizeFileInput` from `@/blocks/utils`
+3. **Internal API route:** Create route that uses `downloadFileFromStorage` to get file content
+4. **Tool routes to internal API:** Don't call external APIs directly with files
+
+```typescript
+// In block tools.config:
+import { normalizeFileInput } from '@/blocks/utils'
+
+const normalizedFile = normalizeFileInput(
+  params.uploadFile || params.fileRef || params.fileContent,
+  { single: true }
+)
+if (normalizedFile) params.file = normalizedFile
+```
+
+### File Output (Downloads)
+
+Use `FileToolProcessor` in tool `transformResponse` to store files:
+
+```typescript
+import { FileToolProcessor } from '@/executor/utils/file-tool-processor'
+
+const processor = new FileToolProcessor(context)
+const file = await processor.processFileData({
+  data: base64Content,
+  mimeType: 'application/pdf',
+  filename: 'doc.pdf',
+})
+```
+
+### Key Helpers
+
+| Helper | Location | Purpose |
+|--------|----------|---------|
+| `normalizeFileInput` | `@/blocks/utils` | Normalize file params in block config |
+| `processFilesToUserFiles` | `@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils` | Convert raw inputs to UserFile[] |
+| `downloadFileFromStorage` | `@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server` | Get Buffer from UserFile |
+| `FileToolProcessor` | `@/executor/utils/file-tool-processor` | Process tool output files |
+
 ## Checklist
 
 - [ ] Look up API docs for the service
@@ -205,3 +251,5 @@ import { {service}WebhookTrigger } from '@/triggers/{service}'
 - [ ] Register block in `blocks/registry.ts`
 - [ ] (Optional) Create triggers in `triggers/{service}/`
 - [ ] (Optional) Register triggers in `triggers/registry.ts`
+- [ ] (If file uploads) Create internal API route with `downloadFileFromStorage`
+- [ ] (If file uploads) Use `normalizeFileInput` in block config

CLAUDE.md

@@ -265,6 +265,23 @@ Register in `blocks/registry.ts` (alphabetically).
 
 **dependsOn:** `['field']` or `{ all: ['a'], any: ['b', 'c'] }`
 
+**File Input Pattern (basic/advanced mode):**
+```typescript
+// Basic: file-upload UI
+{ id: 'uploadFile', type: 'file-upload', canonicalParamId: 'file', mode: 'basic' },
+// Advanced: reference from other blocks
+{ id: 'fileRef', type: 'short-input', canonicalParamId: 'file', mode: 'advanced' },
+```
+
+In `tools.config.tool`, normalize with:
+```typescript
+import { normalizeFileInput } from '@/blocks/utils'
+const file = normalizeFileInput(params.uploadFile || params.fileRef, { single: true })
+if (file) params.file = file
+```
+
+For file uploads, create an internal API route (`/api/tools/{service}/upload`) that uses `downloadFileFromStorage` to get file content from `UserFile` objects.
+
 ### 3. Icon (`components/icons.tsx`)
 
 ```typescript
@@ -293,3 +310,5 @@ Register in `triggers/registry.ts`.
 - [ ] Create block in `blocks/blocks/{service}.ts`
 - [ ] Register block in `blocks/registry.ts`
 - [ ] (Optional) Create and register triggers
+- [ ] (If file uploads) Create internal API route with `downloadFileFromStorage`
+- [ ] (If file uploads) Use `normalizeFileInput` in block config

apps/docs/content/docs/en/execution/costs.mdx

@@ -213,6 +213,25 @@ Different subscription plans have different usage limits:
 | **Team** | $40/seat (pooled, adjustable) | 300 sync, 2,500 async |
 | **Enterprise** | Custom | Custom |
 
+## Execution Time Limits
+
+Workflows have maximum execution time limits based on your subscription plan:
+
+| Plan | Sync Execution | Async Execution |
+|------|----------------|-----------------|
+| **Free** | 5 minutes | 10 minutes |
+| **Pro** | 60 minutes | 90 minutes |
+| **Team** | 60 minutes | 90 minutes |
+| **Enterprise** | 60 minutes | 90 minutes |
+
+**Sync executions** run immediately and return results directly. These are triggered via the API with `async: false` (default) or through the UI.
+
+**Async executions** (triggered via API with `async: true`, webhooks, or schedules) run in the background. Async time limits are 2x the sync limit, capped at 90 minutes.
+
+<Callout type="info">
+  If a workflow exceeds its time limit, it will be terminated and marked as failed with a timeout error. Design long-running workflows to use async execution or break them into smaller workflows.
+</Callout>
+
 ## Billing Model
 
 Sim uses a **base subscription + overage** billing model:

apps/docs/content/docs/en/execution/files.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+---
+title: Passing Files
+---
+
+import { Callout } from 'fumadocs-ui/components/callout'
+import { Tab, Tabs } from 'fumadocs-ui/components/tabs'
+
+Sim makes it easy to work with files throughout your workflows. Blocks can receive files, process them, and pass them to other blocks seamlessly.
+
+## File Objects
+
+When blocks output files (like Gmail attachments, generated images, or parsed documents), they return a standardized file object:
+
+```json
+{
+  "name": "report.pdf",
+  "url": "https://...",
+  "base64": "JVBERi0xLjQK...",
+  "type": "application/pdf",
+  "size": 245678
+}
+```
+
+You can access any of these properties when referencing files from previous blocks.
+
+## The File Block
+
+The **File block** is the universal entry point for files in your workflows. It accepts files from any source and outputs standardized file objects that work with all integrations.
+
+**Inputs:**
+- **Uploaded files** - Drag and drop or select files directly
+- **External URLs** - Any publicly accessible file URL
+- **Files from other blocks** - Pass files from Gmail attachments, Slack downloads, etc.
+
+**Outputs:**
+- A list of `UserFile` objects with consistent structure (`name`, `url`, `base64`, `type`, `size`)
+- `combinedContent` - Extracted text content from all files (for documents)
+
+**Example usage:**
+
+```
+// Get all files from the File block
+<file.files>
+
+// Get the first file
+<file.files[0]>
+
+// Get combined text content from parsed documents
+<file.combinedContent>
+```
+
+The File block automatically:
+- Detects file types from URLs and extensions
+- Extracts text from PDFs, CSVs, and documents
+- Generates base64 encoding for binary files
+- Creates presigned URLs for secure access
+
+Use the File block when you need to normalize files from different sources before passing them to other blocks like Vision, STT, or email integrations.
+
+## Passing Files Between Blocks
+
+Reference files from previous blocks using the tag dropdown. Click in any file input field and type `<` to see available outputs.
+
+**Common patterns:**
+
+```
+// Single file from a block
+<gmail.attachments[0]>
+
+// Pass the whole file object
+<file_parser.files[0]>
+
+// Access specific properties
+<gmail.attachments[0].name>
+<gmail.attachments[0].base64>
+```
+
+Most blocks accept the full file object and extract what they need automatically. You don't need to manually extract `base64` or `url` in most cases.
+
+## Triggering Workflows with Files
+
+When calling a workflow via API that expects file input, include files in your request:
+
+<Tabs items={['Base64', 'URL']}>
+  <Tab value="Base64">
+    ```bash
+    curl -X POST "https://sim.ai/api/workflows/YOUR_WORKFLOW_ID/execute" \
+      -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+      -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" \
+      -d '{
+        "document": {
+          "name": "report.pdf",
+          "base64": "JVBERi0xLjQK...",
+          "type": "application/pdf"
+        }
+      }'
+    ```
+  </Tab>
+  <Tab value="URL">
+    ```bash
+    curl -X POST "https://sim.ai/api/workflows/YOUR_WORKFLOW_ID/execute" \
+      -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+      -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY" \
+      -d '{
+        "document": {
+          "name": "report.pdf",
+          "url": "https://example.com/report.pdf",
+          "type": "application/pdf"
+        }
+      }'
+    ```
+  </Tab>
+</Tabs>
+
+The workflow's Start block should have an input field configured to receive the file parameter.
+
+## Receiving Files in API Responses
+
+When a workflow outputs files, they're included in the response:
+
+```json
+{
+  "success": true,
+  "output": {
+    "generatedFile": {
+      "name": "output.png",
+      "url": "https://...",
+      "base64": "iVBORw0KGgo...",
+      "type": "image/png",
+      "size": 34567
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Use `url` for direct downloads or `base64` for inline processing.
+
+## Blocks That Work with Files
+
+**File inputs:**
+- **File** - Parse documents, images, and text files
+- **Vision** - Analyze images with AI models
+- **Mistral Parser** - Extract text from PDFs
+
+**File outputs:**
+- **Gmail** - Email attachments
+- **Slack** - Downloaded files
+- **TTS** - Generated audio files
+- **Video Generator** - Generated videos
+- **Image Generator** - Generated images
+
+**File storage:**
+- **Supabase** - Upload/download from storage
+- **S3** - AWS S3 operations
+- **Google Drive** - Drive file operations
+- **Dropbox** - Dropbox file operations
+
+<Callout type="info">
+  Files are automatically available to downstream blocks. The execution engine handles all file transfer and format conversion.
+</Callout>
+
+## Best Practices
+
+1. **Use file objects directly** - Pass the full file object rather than extracting individual properties. Blocks handle the conversion automatically.
+
+2. **Check file types** - Ensure the file type matches what the receiving block expects. The Vision block needs images, the File block handles documents.
+
+3. **Consider file size** - Large files increase execution time. For very large files, consider using storage blocks (S3, Supabase) for intermediate storage.

apps/docs/content/docs/en/execution/meta.json

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 {
-  "pages": ["index", "basics", "api", "logging", "costs"]
+  "pages": ["index", "basics", "files", "api", "logging", "costs"]
 }

apps/docs/content/docs/en/quick-reference/index.mdx

@@ -180,6 +180,11 @@ A quick lookup for everyday actions in the Sim workflow editor. For keyboard sho
       <td>Right-click → **Enable/Disable**</td>
       <td><ActionImage src="/static/quick-reference/disable-block.png" alt="Disable block" /></td>
     </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Lock/Unlock a block</td>
+      <td>Hover block → Click lock icon (Admin only)</td>
+      <td><ActionImage src="/static/quick-reference/lock-block.png" alt="Lock block" /></td>
+    </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Toggle handle orientation</td>
       <td>Right-click → **Toggle Handles**</td>

apps/docs/content/docs/en/tools/pulse.mdx

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { BlockInfoCard } from "@/components/ui/block-info-card"
 />
 
 {/* MANUAL-CONTENT-START:intro */}
-The [Pulse](https://www.pulseapi.com/) tool enables seamless extraction of text and structured content from a wide variety of documents—including PDFs, images, and Office files—using state-of-the-art OCR (Optical Character Recognition) powered by Pulse. Designed for automated agentic workflows, Pulse Parser makes it easy to unlock valuable information trapped in unstructured documents and integrate the extracted content directly into your workflow.
+The [Pulse](https://www.runpulse.com) tool enables seamless extraction of text and structured content from a wide variety of documents—including PDFs, images, and Office files—using state-of-the-art OCR (Optical Character Recognition) powered by Pulse. Designed for automated agentic workflows, Pulse Parser makes it easy to unlock valuable information trapped in unstructured documents and integrate the extracted content directly into your workflow.
 
 With Pulse, you can:
 

apps/sim/app/(auth)/sso/page.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { redirect } from 'next/navigation'
 import { getEnv, isTruthy } from '@/lib/core/config/env'
-import SSOForm from '@/app/(auth)/sso/sso-form'
+import SSOForm from '@/ee/sso/components/sso-form'
 
 export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
 

apps/sim/app/(landing)/components/landing-pricing/landing-pricing.tsx

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import {
   Database,
   DollarSign,
   HardDrive,
-  Workflow,
+  Timer,
 } from 'lucide-react'
 import { useRouter } from 'next/navigation'
 import { cn } from '@/lib/core/utils/cn'
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ interface PricingTier {
 const FREE_PLAN_FEATURES: PricingFeature[] = [
   { icon: DollarSign, text: '$20 usage limit' },
   { icon: HardDrive, text: '5GB file storage' },
-  { icon: Workflow, text: 'Public template access' },
+  { icon: Timer, text: '5 min execution limit' },
   { icon: Database, text: 'Limited log retention' },
   { icon: Code2, text: 'CLI/SDK Access' },
 ]

apps/sim/app/api/a2a/serve/[agentId]/route.ts

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import {
 import { checkHybridAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { getBrandConfig } from '@/lib/branding/branding'
 import { acquireLock, getRedisClient, releaseLock } from '@/lib/core/config/redis'
-import { validateExternalUrl } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation'
+import { validateUrlWithDNS } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
 import { SSE_HEADERS } from '@/lib/core/utils/sse'
 import { getBaseUrl } from '@/lib/core/utils/urls'
 import { markExecutionCancelled } from '@/lib/execution/cancellation'
@@ -1119,7 +1119,7 @@ async function handlePushNotificationSet(
     )
   }
 
-  const urlValidation = validateExternalUrl(
+  const urlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(
     params.pushNotificationConfig.url,
     'Push notification URL'
   )

apps/sim/app/api/cron/cleanup-stale-executions/route.ts

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@ import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { and, eq, lt, sql } from 'drizzle-orm'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { verifyCronAuth } from '@/lib/auth/internal'
+import { getMaxExecutionTimeout } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 
 const logger = createLogger('CleanupStaleExecutions')
 
-const STALE_THRESHOLD_MINUTES = 30
+const STALE_THRESHOLD_MS = getMaxExecutionTimeout() + 5 * 60 * 1000
+const STALE_THRESHOLD_MINUTES = Math.ceil(STALE_THRESHOLD_MS / 60000)
 const MAX_INT32 = 2_147_483_647
 
 export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {

apps/sim/app/api/files/parse/route.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@ import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import binaryExtensionsList from 'binary-extensions'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { checkHybridAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
-import { secureFetchWithPinnedIP, validateUrlWithDNS } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation'
+import {
+  secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
+  validateUrlWithDNS,
+} from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
+import { sanitizeUrlForLog } from '@/lib/core/utils/logging'
 import { isSupportedFileType, parseFile } from '@/lib/file-parsers'
 import { isUsingCloudStorage, type StorageContext, StorageService } from '@/lib/uploads'
 import { uploadExecutionFile } from '@/lib/uploads/contexts/execution'
@@ -19,6 +23,7 @@ import {
   getMimeTypeFromExtension,
   getViewerUrl,
   inferContextFromKey,
+  isInternalFileUrl,
 } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import { getUserEntityPermissions } from '@/lib/workspaces/permissions/utils'
 import { verifyFileAccess } from '@/app/api/files/authorization'
@@ -215,7 +220,7 @@ async function parseFileSingle(
     }
   }
 
-  if (filePath.includes('/api/files/serve/')) {
+  if (isInternalFileUrl(filePath)) {
     return handleCloudFile(filePath, fileType, undefined, userId, executionContext)
   }
 
@@ -246,7 +251,7 @@ function validateFilePath(filePath: string): { isValid: boolean; error?: string
     return { isValid: false, error: 'Invalid path: tilde character not allowed' }
   }
 
-  if (filePath.startsWith('/') && !filePath.startsWith('/api/files/serve/')) {
+  if (filePath.startsWith('/') && !isInternalFileUrl(filePath)) {
     return { isValid: false, error: 'Path outside allowed directory' }
   }
 
@@ -420,7 +425,7 @@ async function handleExternalUrl(
 
     return parseResult
   } catch (error) {
-    logger.error(`Error handling external URL ${url}:`, error)
+    logger.error(`Error handling external URL ${sanitizeUrlForLog(url)}:`, error)
     return {
       success: false,
       error: `Error fetching URL: ${(error as Error).message}`,

apps/sim/app/api/mcp/serve/[serverId]/route.ts

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import { and, eq } from 'drizzle-orm'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { checkHybridAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { generateInternalToken } from '@/lib/auth/internal'
+import { getMaxExecutionTimeout } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { getBaseUrl } from '@/lib/core/utils/urls'
 
 const logger = createLogger('WorkflowMcpServeAPI')
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ async function handleToolsCall(
       method: 'POST',
       headers,
       body: JSON.stringify({ input: params.arguments || {}, triggerType: 'mcp' }),
-      signal: AbortSignal.timeout(600000), // 10 minute timeout
+      signal: AbortSignal.timeout(getMaxExecutionTimeout()),
     })
 
     const executeResult = await response.json()

apps/sim/app/api/mcp/tools/execute/route.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import type { NextRequest } from 'next/server'
+import { getHighestPrioritySubscription } from '@/lib/billing/core/plan'
+import { getExecutionTimeout } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
+import type { SubscriptionPlan } from '@/lib/core/rate-limiter/types'
 import { getParsedBody, withMcpAuth } from '@/lib/mcp/middleware'
 import { mcpService } from '@/lib/mcp/service'
 import type { McpTool, McpToolCall, McpToolResult } from '@/lib/mcp/types'
@@ -7,7 +10,6 @@ import {
   categorizeError,
   createMcpErrorResponse,
   createMcpSuccessResponse,
-  MCP_CONSTANTS,
   validateStringParam,
 } from '@/lib/mcp/utils'
 
@@ -171,13 +173,16 @@ export const POST = withMcpAuth('read')(
         arguments: args,
       }
 
+      const userSubscription = await getHighestPrioritySubscription(userId)
+      const executionTimeout = getExecutionTimeout(
+        userSubscription?.plan as SubscriptionPlan | undefined,
+        'sync'
+      )
+
       const result = await Promise.race([
         mcpService.executeTool(userId, serverId, toolCall, workspaceId),
         new Promise<never>((_, reject) =>
-          setTimeout(
+          setTimeout(() => reject(new Error('Tool execution timeout')), executionTimeout)
-            () => reject(new Error('Tool execution timeout')),
-            MCP_CONSTANTS.EXECUTION_TIMEOUT
-          )
         ),
       ])
 

apps/sim/app/api/organizations/[id]/invitations/route.ts

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import { hasWorkspaceAdminAccess } from '@/lib/workspaces/permissions/utils'
 import {
   InvitationsNotAllowedError,
   validateInvitationsAllowed,
-} from '@/executor/utils/permission-check'
+} from '@/ee/access-control/utils/permission-check'
 
 const logger = createLogger('OrganizationInvitations')
 

apps/sim/app/api/tools/a2a/send-message/route.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { createA2AClient, extractTextContent, isTerminalState } from '@/lib/a2a/utils'
 import { checkHybridAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { validateUrlWithDNS } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
 
 export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
@@ -95,6 +96,14 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
     if (validatedData.files && validatedData.files.length > 0) {
       for (const file of validatedData.files) {
         if (file.type === 'url') {
+          const urlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(file.data, 'fileUrl')
+          if (!urlValidation.isValid) {
+            return NextResponse.json(
+              { success: false, error: urlValidation.error },
+              { status: 400 }
+            )
+          }
+
           const filePart: FilePart = {
             kind: 'file',
             file: {

apps/sim/app/api/tools/a2a/set-push-notification/route.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { createA2AClient } from '@/lib/a2a/utils'
 import { checkHybridAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
-import { validateExternalUrl } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation'
+import { validateUrlWithDNS } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
 
 export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
     const body = await request.json()
     const validatedData = A2ASetPushNotificationSchema.parse(body)
 
-    const urlValidation = validateExternalUrl(validatedData.webhookUrl, 'Webhook URL')
+    const urlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(validatedData.webhookUrl, 'Webhook URL')
     if (!urlValidation.isValid) {
       logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Invalid webhook URL`, { error: urlValidation.error })
       return NextResponse.json(

apps/sim/app/api/tools/confluence/upload-attachment/route.ts

@@ -92,6 +92,9 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       formData.append('comment', comment)
     }
 
+    // Add minorEdit field as required by Confluence API
+    formData.append('minorEdit', 'false')
+
     const response = await fetch(url, {
       method: 'POST',
       headers: {

apps/sim/app/api/tools/discord/send-message/route.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { validateNumericId } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { RawFileInputArraySchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
 import { processFilesToUserFiles } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ const DiscordSendMessageSchema = z.object({
   botToken: z.string().min(1, 'Bot token is required'),
   channelId: z.string().min(1, 'Channel ID is required'),
   content: z.string().optional().nullable(),
-  files: z.array(z.any()).optional().nullable(),
+  files: RawFileInputArraySchema.optional().nullable(),
 })
 
 export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
@@ -101,6 +102,12 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
     logger.info(`[${requestId}] Processing ${validatedData.files.length} file(s)`)
 
     const userFiles = processFilesToUserFiles(validatedData.files, requestId, logger)
+    const filesOutput: Array<{
+      name: string
+      mimeType: string
+      data: string
+      size: number
+    }> = []
 
     if (userFiles.length === 0) {
       logger.warn(`[${requestId}] No valid files to upload, falling back to text-only`)
@@ -137,6 +144,12 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       logger.info(`[${requestId}] Downloading file ${i}: ${userFile.name}`)
 
       const buffer = await downloadFileFromStorage(userFile, requestId, logger)
+      filesOutput.push({
+        name: userFile.name,
+        mimeType: userFile.type || 'application/octet-stream',
+        data: buffer.toString('base64'),
+        size: buffer.length,
+      })
 
       const blob = new Blob([new Uint8Array(buffer)], { type: userFile.type })
       formData.append(`files[${i}]`, blob, userFile.name)
@@ -173,6 +186,7 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
         message: data.content,
         data: data,
         fileCount: userFiles.length,
+        files: filesOutput,
       },
     })
   } catch (error) {

apps/sim/app/api/tools/dropbox/upload/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { FileInputSchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
+import { processFilesToUserFiles, type RawFileInput } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
+
+export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
+
+const logger = createLogger('DropboxUploadAPI')
+
+/**
+ * Escapes non-ASCII characters in JSON string for HTTP header safety.
+ * Dropbox API requires characters 0x7F and all non-ASCII to be escaped as \uXXXX.
+ */
+function httpHeaderSafeJson(value: object): string {
+  return JSON.stringify(value).replace(/[\u007f-\uffff]/g, (c) => {
+    return `\\u${(`0000${c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)}`).slice(-4)}`
+  })
+}
+
+const DropboxUploadSchema = z.object({
+  accessToken: z.string().min(1, 'Access token is required'),
+  path: z.string().min(1, 'Destination path is required'),
+  file: FileInputSchema.optional().nullable(),
+  // Legacy field for backwards compatibility
+  fileContent: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  fileName: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  mode: z.enum(['add', 'overwrite']).optional().nullable(),
+  autorename: z.boolean().optional().nullable(),
+  mute: z.boolean().optional().nullable(),
+})
+
+export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
+  const requestId = generateRequestId()
+
+  try {
+    const authResult = await checkInternalAuth(request, { requireWorkflowId: false })
+
+    if (!authResult.success) {
+      logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Unauthorized Dropbox upload attempt: ${authResult.error}`)
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: authResult.error || 'Authentication required' },
+        { status: 401 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Authenticated Dropbox upload request via ${authResult.authType}`)
+
+    const body = await request.json()
+    const validatedData = DropboxUploadSchema.parse(body)
+
+    let fileBuffer: Buffer
+    let fileName: string
+
+    // Prefer UserFile input, fall back to legacy base64 string
+    if (validatedData.file) {
+      // Process UserFile input
+      const userFiles = processFilesToUserFiles(
+        [validatedData.file as RawFileInput],
+        requestId,
+        logger
+      )
+
+      if (userFiles.length === 0) {
+        return NextResponse.json({ success: false, error: 'Invalid file input' }, { status: 400 })
+      }
+
+      const userFile = userFiles[0]
+      logger.info(`[${requestId}] Downloading file: ${userFile.name} (${userFile.size} bytes)`)
+
+      fileBuffer = await downloadFileFromStorage(userFile, requestId, logger)
+      fileName = userFile.name
+    } else if (validatedData.fileContent) {
+      // Legacy: base64 string input (backwards compatibility)
+      logger.info(`[${requestId}] Using legacy base64 content input`)
+      fileBuffer = Buffer.from(validatedData.fileContent, 'base64')
+      fileName = validatedData.fileName || 'file'
+    } else {
+      return NextResponse.json({ success: false, error: 'File is required' }, { status: 400 })
+    }
+
+    // Determine final path
+    let finalPath = validatedData.path
+    if (finalPath.endsWith('/')) {
+      finalPath = `${finalPath}${fileName}`
+    }
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Uploading to Dropbox: ${finalPath} (${fileBuffer.length} bytes)`)
+
+    const dropboxApiArg = {
+      path: finalPath,
+      mode: validatedData.mode || 'add',
+      autorename: validatedData.autorename ?? true,
+      mute: validatedData.mute ?? false,
+    }
+
+    const response = await fetch('https://content.dropboxapi.com/2/files/upload', {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: {
+        Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.accessToken}`,
+        'Content-Type': 'application/octet-stream',
+        'Dropbox-API-Arg': httpHeaderSafeJson(dropboxApiArg),
+      },
+      body: new Uint8Array(fileBuffer),
+    })
+
+    const data = await response.json()
+
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      const errorMessage = data.error_summary || data.error?.message || 'Failed to upload file'
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Dropbox API error:`, { status: response.status, data })
+      return NextResponse.json({ success: false, error: errorMessage }, { status: response.status })
+    }
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] File uploaded successfully to ${data.path_display}`)
+
+    return NextResponse.json({
+      success: true,
+      output: {
+        file: data,
+      },
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error instanceof z.ZodError) {
+      logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Validation error:`, error.errors)
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: error.errors[0]?.message || 'Validation failed' },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    logger.error(`[${requestId}] Unexpected error:`, error)
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      { success: false, error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error' },
+      { status: 500 }
+    )
+  }
+}

apps/sim/app/api/tools/github/latest-commit/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import {
+  secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
+  validateUrlWithDNS,
+} from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
+import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+
+export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
+
+const logger = createLogger('GitHubLatestCommitAPI')
+
+interface GitHubErrorResponse {
+  message?: string
+}
+
+interface GitHubCommitResponse {
+  sha: string
+  html_url: string
+  commit: {
+    message: string
+    author: { name: string; email: string; date: string }
+    committer: { name: string; email: string; date: string }
+  }
+  author?: { login: string; avatar_url: string; html_url: string }
+  committer?: { login: string; avatar_url: string; html_url: string }
+  stats?: { additions: number; deletions: number; total: number }
+  files?: Array<{
+    filename: string
+    status: string
+    additions: number
+    deletions: number
+    changes: number
+    patch?: string
+    raw_url?: string
+    blob_url?: string
+  }>
+}
+
+const GitHubLatestCommitSchema = z.object({
+  owner: z.string().min(1, 'Owner is required'),
+  repo: z.string().min(1, 'Repo is required'),
+  branch: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  apiKey: z.string().min(1, 'API key is required'),
+})
+
+export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
+  const requestId = generateRequestId()
+
+  try {
+    const authResult = await checkInternalAuth(request, { requireWorkflowId: false })
+
+    if (!authResult.success) {
+      logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Unauthorized GitHub latest commit attempt: ${authResult.error}`)
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: authResult.error || 'Authentication required',
+        },
+        { status: 401 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const body = await request.json()
+    const validatedData = GitHubLatestCommitSchema.parse(body)
+
+    const { owner, repo, branch, apiKey } = validatedData
+
+    const baseUrl = `https://api.github.com/repos/${owner}/${repo}`
+    const commitUrl = branch ? `${baseUrl}/commits/${branch}` : `${baseUrl}/commits/HEAD`
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Fetching latest commit from GitHub`, { owner, repo, branch })
+
+    const urlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(commitUrl, 'commitUrl')
+    if (!urlValidation.isValid) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ success: false, error: urlValidation.error }, { status: 400 })
+    }
+
+    const response = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(commitUrl, urlValidation.resolvedIP!, {
+      method: 'GET',
+      headers: {
+        Accept: 'application/vnd.github.v3+json',
+        Authorization: `Bearer ${apiKey}`,
+        'X-GitHub-Api-Version': '2022-11-28',
+      },
+    })
+
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      const errorData = (await response.json().catch(() => ({}))) as GitHubErrorResponse
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] GitHub API error`, {
+        status: response.status,
+        error: errorData,
+      })
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: errorData.message || `GitHub API error: ${response.status}` },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const data = (await response.json()) as GitHubCommitResponse
+
+    const content = `Latest commit: "${data.commit.message}" by ${data.commit.author.name} on ${data.commit.author.date}. SHA: ${data.sha}`
+
+    const files = data.files || []
+    const fileDetailsWithContent = []
+
+    for (const file of files) {
+      const fileDetail: Record<string, any> = {
+        filename: file.filename,
+        additions: file.additions,
+        deletions: file.deletions,
+        changes: file.changes,
+        status: file.status,
+        raw_url: file.raw_url,
+        blob_url: file.blob_url,
+        patch: file.patch,
+        content: undefined,
+      }
+
+      if (file.status !== 'removed' && file.raw_url) {
+        try {
+          const rawUrlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(file.raw_url, 'rawUrl')
+          if (rawUrlValidation.isValid) {
+            const contentResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(
+              file.raw_url,
+              rawUrlValidation.resolvedIP!,
+              {
+                headers: {
+                  Authorization: `Bearer ${apiKey}`,
+                  'X-GitHub-Api-Version': '2022-11-28',
+                },
+              }
+            )
+
+            if (contentResponse.ok) {
+              fileDetail.content = await contentResponse.text()
+            }
+          }
+        } catch (error) {
+          logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Failed to fetch content for ${file.filename}:`, error)
+        }
+      }
+
+      fileDetailsWithContent.push(fileDetail)
+    }
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Latest commit fetched successfully`, {
+      sha: data.sha,
+      fileCount: files.length,
+    })
+
+    return NextResponse.json({
+      success: true,
+      output: {
+        content,
+        metadata: {
+          sha: data.sha,
+          html_url: data.html_url,
+          commit_message: data.commit.message,
+          author: {
+            name: data.commit.author.name,
+            login: data.author?.login || 'Unknown',
+            avatar_url: data.author?.avatar_url || '',
+            html_url: data.author?.html_url || '',
+          },
+          committer: {
+            name: data.commit.committer.name,
+            login: data.committer?.login || 'Unknown',
+            avatar_url: data.committer?.avatar_url || '',
+            html_url: data.committer?.html_url || '',
+          },
+          stats: data.stats
+            ? {
+                additions: data.stats.additions,
+                deletions: data.stats.deletions,
+                total: data.stats.total,
+              }
+            : undefined,
+          files: fileDetailsWithContent.length > 0 ? fileDetailsWithContent : undefined,
+        },
+      },
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`[${requestId}] Error fetching GitHub latest commit:`, error)
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      {
+        success: false,
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error occurred',
+      },
+      { status: 500 }
+    )
+  }
+}

apps/sim/app/api/tools/gmail/draft/route.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { RawFileInputArraySchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
 import { processFilesToUserFiles } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
 import {
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ const GmailDraftSchema = z.object({
   replyToMessageId: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   cc: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   bcc: z.string().optional().nullable(),
-  attachments: z.array(z.any()).optional().nullable(),
+  attachments: RawFileInputArraySchema.optional().nullable(),
 })
 
 export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {

apps/sim/app/api/tools/gmail/send/route.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { RawFileInputArraySchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
 import { processFilesToUserFiles } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
 import {
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ const GmailSendSchema = z.object({
   replyToMessageId: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   cc: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   bcc: z.string().optional().nullable(),
-  attachments: z.array(z.any()).optional().nullable(),
+  attachments: RawFileInputArraySchema.optional().nullable(),
 })
 
 export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {

apps/sim/app/api/tools/google_drive/download/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import {
+  secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
+  validateUrlWithDNS,
+} from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
+import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import type { GoogleDriveFile, GoogleDriveRevision } from '@/tools/google_drive/types'
+import {
+  ALL_FILE_FIELDS,
+  ALL_REVISION_FIELDS,
+  DEFAULT_EXPORT_FORMATS,
+  GOOGLE_WORKSPACE_MIME_TYPES,
+} from '@/tools/google_drive/utils'
+
+export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
+
+const logger = createLogger('GoogleDriveDownloadAPI')
+
+/** Google API error response structure */
+interface GoogleApiErrorResponse {
+  error?: {
+    message?: string
+    code?: number
+    status?: string
+  }
+}
+
+/** Google Drive revisions list response */
+interface GoogleDriveRevisionsResponse {
+  revisions?: GoogleDriveRevision[]
+  nextPageToken?: string
+}
+
+const GoogleDriveDownloadSchema = z.object({
+  accessToken: z.string().min(1, 'Access token is required'),
+  fileId: z.string().min(1, 'File ID is required'),
+  mimeType: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  fileName: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  includeRevisions: z.boolean().optional().default(true),
+})
+
+export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
+  const requestId = generateRequestId()
+
+  try {
+    const authResult = await checkInternalAuth(request, { requireWorkflowId: false })
+
+    if (!authResult.success) {
+      logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Unauthorized Google Drive download attempt: ${authResult.error}`)
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: authResult.error || 'Authentication required',
+        },
+        { status: 401 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const body = await request.json()
+    const validatedData = GoogleDriveDownloadSchema.parse(body)
+
+    const {
+      accessToken,
+      fileId,
+      mimeType: exportMimeType,
+      fileName,
+      includeRevisions,
+    } = validatedData
+    const authHeader = `Bearer ${accessToken}`
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Getting file metadata from Google Drive`, { fileId })
+
+    const metadataUrl = `https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v3/files/${fileId}?fields=${ALL_FILE_FIELDS}&supportsAllDrives=true`
+    const metadataUrlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(metadataUrl, 'metadataUrl')
+    if (!metadataUrlValidation.isValid) {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: metadataUrlValidation.error },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const metadataResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(
+      metadataUrl,
+      metadataUrlValidation.resolvedIP!,
+      {
+        headers: { Authorization: authHeader },
+      }
+    )
+
+    if (!metadataResponse.ok) {
+      const errorDetails = (await metadataResponse
+        .json()
+        .catch(() => ({}))) as GoogleApiErrorResponse
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to get file metadata`, {
+        status: metadataResponse.status,
+        error: errorDetails,
+      })
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: errorDetails.error?.message || 'Failed to get file metadata' },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const metadata = (await metadataResponse.json()) as GoogleDriveFile
+    const fileMimeType = metadata.mimeType
+
+    let fileBuffer: Buffer
+    let finalMimeType = fileMimeType
+
+    if (GOOGLE_WORKSPACE_MIME_TYPES.includes(fileMimeType)) {
+      const exportFormat = exportMimeType || DEFAULT_EXPORT_FORMATS[fileMimeType] || 'text/plain'
+      finalMimeType = exportFormat
+
+      logger.info(`[${requestId}] Exporting Google Workspace file`, {
+        fileId,
+        mimeType: fileMimeType,
+        exportFormat,
+      })
+
+      const exportUrl = `https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v3/files/${fileId}/export?mimeType=${encodeURIComponent(exportFormat)}&supportsAllDrives=true`
+      const exportUrlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(exportUrl, 'exportUrl')
+      if (!exportUrlValidation.isValid) {
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          { success: false, error: exportUrlValidation.error },
+          { status: 400 }
+        )
+      }
+
+      const exportResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(
+        exportUrl,
+        exportUrlValidation.resolvedIP!,
+        { headers: { Authorization: authHeader } }
+      )
+
+      if (!exportResponse.ok) {
+        const exportError = (await exportResponse
+          .json()
+          .catch(() => ({}))) as GoogleApiErrorResponse
+        logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to export file`, {
+          status: exportResponse.status,
+          error: exportError,
+        })
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          {
+            success: false,
+            error: exportError.error?.message || 'Failed to export Google Workspace file',
+          },
+          { status: 400 }
+        )
+      }
+
+      const arrayBuffer = await exportResponse.arrayBuffer()
+      fileBuffer = Buffer.from(arrayBuffer)
+    } else {
+      logger.info(`[${requestId}] Downloading regular file`, { fileId, mimeType: fileMimeType })
+
+      const downloadUrl = `https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v3/files/${fileId}?alt=media&supportsAllDrives=true`
+      const downloadUrlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(downloadUrl, 'downloadUrl')
+      if (!downloadUrlValidation.isValid) {
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          { success: false, error: downloadUrlValidation.error },
+          { status: 400 }
+        )
+      }
+
+      const downloadResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(
+        downloadUrl,
+        downloadUrlValidation.resolvedIP!,
+        { headers: { Authorization: authHeader } }
+      )
+
+      if (!downloadResponse.ok) {
+        const downloadError = (await downloadResponse
+          .json()
+          .catch(() => ({}))) as GoogleApiErrorResponse
+        logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to download file`, {
+          status: downloadResponse.status,
+          error: downloadError,
+        })
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          { success: false, error: downloadError.error?.message || 'Failed to download file' },
+          { status: 400 }
+        )
+      }
+
+      const arrayBuffer = await downloadResponse.arrayBuffer()
+      fileBuffer = Buffer.from(arrayBuffer)
+    }
+
+    const canReadRevisions = metadata.capabilities?.canReadRevisions === true
+    if (includeRevisions && canReadRevisions) {
+      try {
+        const revisionsUrl = `https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v3/files/${fileId}/revisions?fields=revisions(${ALL_REVISION_FIELDS})&pageSize=100`
+        const revisionsUrlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(revisionsUrl, 'revisionsUrl')
+        if (revisionsUrlValidation.isValid) {
+          const revisionsResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(
+            revisionsUrl,
+            revisionsUrlValidation.resolvedIP!,
+            { headers: { Authorization: authHeader } }
+          )
+
+          if (revisionsResponse.ok) {
+            const revisionsData = (await revisionsResponse.json()) as GoogleDriveRevisionsResponse
+            metadata.revisions = revisionsData.revisions
+            logger.info(`[${requestId}] Fetched file revisions`, {
+              fileId,
+              revisionCount: metadata.revisions?.length || 0,
+            })
+          }
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Error fetching revisions, continuing without them`, { error })
+      }
+    }
+
+    const resolvedName = fileName || metadata.name || 'download'
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] File downloaded successfully`, {
+      fileId,
+      name: resolvedName,
+      size: fileBuffer.length,
+      mimeType: finalMimeType,
+    })
+
+    const base64Data = fileBuffer.toString('base64')
+
+    return NextResponse.json({
+      success: true,
+      output: {
+        file: {
+          name: resolvedName,
+          mimeType: finalMimeType,
+          data: base64Data,
+          size: fileBuffer.length,
+        },
+        metadata,
+      },
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`[${requestId}] Error downloading Google Drive file:`, error)
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      {
+        success: false,
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error occurred',
+      },
+      { status: 500 }
+    )
+  }
+}

apps/sim/app/api/tools/google_drive/upload/route.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { RawFileInputSchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
 import { processSingleFileToUserFile } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
 import {
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ const GOOGLE_DRIVE_API_BASE = 'https://www.googleapis.com/upload/drive/v3/files'
 const GoogleDriveUploadSchema = z.object({
   accessToken: z.string().min(1, 'Access token is required'),
   fileName: z.string().min(1, 'File name is required'),
-  file: z.any().optional().nullable(),
+  file: RawFileInputSchema.optional().nullable(),
   mimeType: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   folderId: z.string().optional().nullable(),
 })

apps/sim/app/api/tools/google_vault/download-export-file/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import {
+  secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
+  validateUrlWithDNS,
+} from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
+import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { enhanceGoogleVaultError } from '@/tools/google_vault/utils'
+
+export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
+
+const logger = createLogger('GoogleVaultDownloadExportFileAPI')
+
+const GoogleVaultDownloadExportFileSchema = z.object({
+  accessToken: z.string().min(1, 'Access token is required'),
+  bucketName: z.string().min(1, 'Bucket name is required'),
+  objectName: z.string().min(1, 'Object name is required'),
+  fileName: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+})
+
+export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
+  const requestId = generateRequestId()
+
+  try {
+    const authResult = await checkInternalAuth(request, { requireWorkflowId: false })
+
+    if (!authResult.success) {
+      logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Unauthorized Google Vault download attempt: ${authResult.error}`)
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: authResult.error || 'Authentication required',
+        },
+        { status: 401 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const body = await request.json()
+    const validatedData = GoogleVaultDownloadExportFileSchema.parse(body)
+
+    const { accessToken, bucketName, objectName, fileName } = validatedData
+
+    const bucket = encodeURIComponent(bucketName)
+    const object = encodeURIComponent(objectName)
+    const downloadUrl = `https://storage.googleapis.com/storage/v1/b/${bucket}/o/${object}?alt=media`
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Downloading file from Google Vault`, { bucketName, objectName })
+
+    const urlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(downloadUrl, 'downloadUrl')
+    if (!urlValidation.isValid) {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: enhanceGoogleVaultError(urlValidation.error || 'Invalid URL') },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const downloadResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(downloadUrl, urlValidation.resolvedIP!, {
+      method: 'GET',
+      headers: {
+        Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken}`,
+      },
+    })
+
+    if (!downloadResponse.ok) {
+      const errorText = await downloadResponse.text().catch(() => '')
+      const errorMessage = `Failed to download file: ${errorText || downloadResponse.statusText}`
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to download Vault export file`, {
+        status: downloadResponse.status,
+        error: errorText,
+      })
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: enhanceGoogleVaultError(errorMessage) },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const contentType = downloadResponse.headers.get('content-type') || 'application/octet-stream'
+    const disposition = downloadResponse.headers.get('content-disposition') || ''
+    const match = disposition.match(/filename\*=UTF-8''([^;]+)|filename="([^"]+)"/)
+
+    let resolvedName = fileName
+    if (!resolvedName) {
+      if (match?.[1]) {
+        try {
+          resolvedName = decodeURIComponent(match[1])
+        } catch {
+          resolvedName = match[1]
+        }
+      } else if (match?.[2]) {
+        resolvedName = match[2]
+      } else if (objectName) {
+        const parts = objectName.split('/')
+        resolvedName = parts[parts.length - 1] || 'vault-export.bin'
+      } else {
+        resolvedName = 'vault-export.bin'
+      }
+    }
+
+    const arrayBuffer = await downloadResponse.arrayBuffer()
+    const buffer = Buffer.from(arrayBuffer)
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Vault export file downloaded successfully`, {
+      name: resolvedName,
+      size: buffer.length,
+      mimeType: contentType,
+    })
+
+    return NextResponse.json({
+      success: true,
+      output: {
+        file: {
+          name: resolvedName,
+          mimeType: contentType,
+          data: buffer.toString('base64'),
+          size: buffer.length,
+        },
+      },
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`[${requestId}] Error downloading Google Vault export file:`, error)
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      {
+        success: false,
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error occurred',
+      },
+      { status: 500 }
+    )
+  }
+}

apps/sim/app/api/tools/image/route.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
-import { validateImageUrl } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation'
+import {
+  secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
+  validateUrlWithDNS,
+} from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
 
 const logger = createLogger('ImageProxyAPI')
@@ -26,7 +29,7 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
     return new NextResponse('Missing URL parameter', { status: 400 })
   }
 
-  const urlValidation = validateImageUrl(imageUrl)
+  const urlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(imageUrl, 'imageUrl')
   if (!urlValidation.isValid) {
     logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Blocked image proxy request`, {
       url: imageUrl.substring(0, 100),
@@ -38,7 +41,8 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
   logger.info(`[${requestId}] Proxying image request for: ${imageUrl}`)
 
   try {
-    const imageResponse = await fetch(imageUrl, {
+    const imageResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(imageUrl, urlValidation.resolvedIP!, {
+      method: 'GET',
       headers: {
         'User-Agent':
           'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
@@ -64,14 +68,14 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
 
     const contentType = imageResponse.headers.get('content-type') || 'image/jpeg'
 
-    const imageBlob = await imageResponse.blob()
+    const imageArrayBuffer = await imageResponse.arrayBuffer()
 
-    if (imageBlob.size === 0) {
+    if (imageArrayBuffer.byteLength === 0) {
-      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Empty image blob received`)
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Empty image received`)
       return new NextResponse('Empty image received', { status: 404 })
     }
 
-    return new NextResponse(imageBlob, {
+    return new NextResponse(imageArrayBuffer, {
       headers: {
         'Content-Type': contentType,
         'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',

apps/sim/app/api/tools/jira/add-attachment/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { RawFileInputArraySchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
+import { processFilesToUserFiles } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
+import { getJiraCloudId } from '@/tools/jira/utils'
+
+const logger = createLogger('JiraAddAttachmentAPI')
+
+export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
+
+const JiraAddAttachmentSchema = z.object({
+  accessToken: z.string().min(1, 'Access token is required'),
+  domain: z.string().min(1, 'Domain is required'),
+  issueKey: z.string().min(1, 'Issue key is required'),
+  files: RawFileInputArraySchema,
+  cloudId: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+})
+
+export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
+  const requestId = `jira-attach-${Date.now()}`
+
+  try {
+    const authResult = await checkInternalAuth(request, { requireWorkflowId: false })
+    if (!authResult.success) {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: authResult.error || 'Unauthorized' },
+        { status: 401 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const body = await request.json()
+    const validatedData = JiraAddAttachmentSchema.parse(body)
+
+    const userFiles = processFilesToUserFiles(validatedData.files, requestId, logger)
+    if (userFiles.length === 0) {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: 'No valid files provided for upload' },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const cloudId =
+      validatedData.cloudId ||
+      (await getJiraCloudId(validatedData.domain, validatedData.accessToken))
+
+    const formData = new FormData()
+    const filesOutput: Array<{ name: string; mimeType: string; data: string; size: number }> = []
+
+    for (const file of userFiles) {
+      const buffer = await downloadFileFromStorage(file, requestId, logger)
+      filesOutput.push({
+        name: file.name,
+        mimeType: file.type || 'application/octet-stream',
+        data: buffer.toString('base64'),
+        size: buffer.length,
+      })
+      const blob = new Blob([new Uint8Array(buffer)], {
+        type: file.type || 'application/octet-stream',
+      })
+      formData.append('file', blob, file.name)
+    }
+
+    const url = `https://api.atlassian.com/ex/jira/${cloudId}/rest/api/3/issue/${validatedData.issueKey}/attachments`
+
+    const response = await fetch(url, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: {
+        Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.accessToken}`,
+        'X-Atlassian-Token': 'no-check',
+      },
+      body: formData,
+    })
+
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      const errorText = await response.text()
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Jira attachment upload failed`, {
+        status: response.status,
+        statusText: response.statusText,
+        error: errorText,
+      })
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: `Failed to upload attachments: ${response.statusText}`,
+        },
+        { status: response.status }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const attachments = await response.json()
+    const attachmentIds = Array.isArray(attachments)
+      ? attachments.map((attachment) => attachment.id).filter(Boolean)
+      : []
+
+    return NextResponse.json({
+      success: true,
+      output: {
+        ts: new Date().toISOString(),
+        issueKey: validatedData.issueKey,
+        attachmentIds,
+        files: filesOutput,
+      },
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error instanceof z.ZodError) {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: 'Invalid request data', details: error.errors },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    logger.error(`[${requestId}] Jira attachment upload error`, error)
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      { success: false, error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Internal server error' },
+      { status: 500 }
+    )
+  }
+}

apps/sim/app/api/tools/microsoft_teams/write_channel/route.ts

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { secureFetchWithValidation } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
-import { processFilesToUserFiles } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+import { RawFileInputArraySchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
-import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
+import { uploadFilesForTeamsMessage } from '@/tools/microsoft_teams/server-utils'
+import type { GraphApiErrorResponse, GraphChatMessage } from '@/tools/microsoft_teams/types'
 import { resolveMentionsForChannel, type TeamsMention } from '@/tools/microsoft_teams/utils'
 
 export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
@@ -16,7 +18,7 @@ const TeamsWriteChannelSchema = z.object({
   teamId: z.string().min(1, 'Team ID is required'),
   channelId: z.string().min(1, 'Channel ID is required'),
   content: z.string().min(1, 'Message content is required'),
-  files: z.array(z.any()).optional().nullable(),
+  files: RawFileInputArraySchema.optional().nullable(),
 })
 
 export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
@@ -53,94 +55,13 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       fileCount: validatedData.files?.length || 0,
     })
 
-    const attachments: any[] = []
+    const { attachments, filesOutput } = await uploadFilesForTeamsMessage({
-    if (validatedData.files && validatedData.files.length > 0) {
+      rawFiles: validatedData.files || [],
-      const rawFiles = validatedData.files
+      accessToken: validatedData.accessToken,
-      logger.info(`[${requestId}] Processing ${rawFiles.length} file(s) for upload to OneDrive`)
+      requestId,
-
+      logger,
-      const userFiles = processFilesToUserFiles(rawFiles, requestId, logger)
-
-      for (const file of userFiles) {
-        try {
-          logger.info(`[${requestId}] Uploading file to Teams: ${file.name} (${file.size} bytes)`)
-
-          const buffer = await downloadFileFromStorage(file, requestId, logger)
-
-          const uploadUrl =
-            'https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/drive/root:/TeamsAttachments/' +
-            encodeURIComponent(file.name) +
-            ':/content'
-
-          logger.info(`[${requestId}] Uploading to Teams: ${uploadUrl}`)
-
-          const uploadResponse = await fetch(uploadUrl, {
-            method: 'PUT',
-            headers: {
-              Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.accessToken}`,
-              'Content-Type': file.type || 'application/octet-stream',
-            },
-            body: new Uint8Array(buffer),
     })
 
-          if (!uploadResponse.ok) {
-            const errorData = await uploadResponse.json().catch(() => ({}))
-            logger.error(`[${requestId}] Teams upload failed:`, errorData)
-            throw new Error(
-              `Failed to upload file to Teams: ${errorData.error?.message || 'Unknown error'}`
-            )
-          }
-
-          const uploadedFile = await uploadResponse.json()
-          logger.info(`[${requestId}] File uploaded to Teams successfully`, {
-            id: uploadedFile.id,
-            webUrl: uploadedFile.webUrl,
-          })
-
-          const fileDetailsUrl = `https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/drive/items/${uploadedFile.id}?$select=id,name,webDavUrl,eTag,size`
-
-          const fileDetailsResponse = await fetch(fileDetailsUrl, {
-            headers: {
-              Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.accessToken}`,
-            },
-          })
-
-          if (!fileDetailsResponse.ok) {
-            const errorData = await fileDetailsResponse.json().catch(() => ({}))
-            logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to get file details:`, errorData)
-            throw new Error(
-              `Failed to get file details: ${errorData.error?.message || 'Unknown error'}`
-            )
-          }
-
-          const fileDetails = await fileDetailsResponse.json()
-          logger.info(`[${requestId}] Got file details`, {
-            webDavUrl: fileDetails.webDavUrl,
-            eTag: fileDetails.eTag,
-          })
-
-          const attachmentId = fileDetails.eTag?.match(/\{([a-f0-9-]+)\}/i)?.[1] || fileDetails.id
-
-          attachments.push({
-            id: attachmentId,
-            contentType: 'reference',
-            contentUrl: fileDetails.webDavUrl,
-            name: file.name,
-          })
-
-          logger.info(`[${requestId}] Created attachment reference for ${file.name}`)
-        } catch (error) {
-          logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to process file ${file.name}:`, error)
-          throw new Error(
-            `Failed to process file "${file.name}": ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'}`
-          )
-        }
-      }
-
-      logger.info(
-        `[${requestId}] All ${attachments.length} file(s) uploaded and attachment references created`
-      )
-    }
-
     let messageContent = validatedData.content
     let contentType: 'text' | 'html' = 'text'
     const mentionEntities: TeamsMention[] = []
@@ -197,17 +118,21 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
 
     const teamsUrl = `https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/teams/${encodeURIComponent(validatedData.teamId)}/channels/${encodeURIComponent(validatedData.channelId)}/messages`
 
-    const teamsResponse = await fetch(teamsUrl, {
+    const teamsResponse = await secureFetchWithValidation(
+      teamsUrl,
+      {
         method: 'POST',
         headers: {
           'Content-Type': 'application/json',
           Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.accessToken}`,
         },
         body: JSON.stringify(messageBody),
-    })
+      },
+      'teamsUrl'
+    )
 
     if (!teamsResponse.ok) {
-      const errorData = await teamsResponse.json().catch(() => ({}))
+      const errorData = (await teamsResponse.json().catch(() => ({}))) as GraphApiErrorResponse
       logger.error(`[${requestId}] Microsoft Teams API error:`, errorData)
       return NextResponse.json(
         {
@@ -218,7 +143,7 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       )
     }
 
-    const responseData = await teamsResponse.json()
+    const responseData = (await teamsResponse.json()) as GraphChatMessage
     logger.info(`[${requestId}] Teams channel message sent successfully`, {
       messageId: responseData.id,
       attachmentCount: attachments.length,
@@ -237,6 +162,7 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
           url: responseData.webUrl || '',
           attachmentCount: attachments.length,
         },
+        files: filesOutput,
       },
     })
   } catch (error) {

apps/sim/app/api/tools/microsoft_teams/write_chat/route.ts

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { secureFetchWithValidation } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
-import { processFilesToUserFiles } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+import { RawFileInputArraySchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
-import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
+import { uploadFilesForTeamsMessage } from '@/tools/microsoft_teams/server-utils'
+import type { GraphApiErrorResponse, GraphChatMessage } from '@/tools/microsoft_teams/types'
 import { resolveMentionsForChat, type TeamsMention } from '@/tools/microsoft_teams/utils'
 
 export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ const TeamsWriteChatSchema = z.object({
   accessToken: z.string().min(1, 'Access token is required'),
   chatId: z.string().min(1, 'Chat ID is required'),
   content: z.string().min(1, 'Message content is required'),
-  files: z.array(z.any()).optional().nullable(),
+  files: RawFileInputArraySchema.optional().nullable(),
 })
 
 export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
@@ -51,94 +53,13 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       fileCount: validatedData.files?.length || 0,
     })
 
-    const attachments: any[] = []
+    const { attachments, filesOutput } = await uploadFilesForTeamsMessage({
-    if (validatedData.files && validatedData.files.length > 0) {
+      rawFiles: validatedData.files || [],
-      const rawFiles = validatedData.files
+      accessToken: validatedData.accessToken,
-      logger.info(`[${requestId}] Processing ${rawFiles.length} file(s) for upload to Teams`)
+      requestId,
-
+      logger,
-      const userFiles = processFilesToUserFiles(rawFiles, requestId, logger)
-
-      for (const file of userFiles) {
-        try {
-          logger.info(`[${requestId}] Uploading file to Teams: ${file.name} (${file.size} bytes)`)
-
-          const buffer = await downloadFileFromStorage(file, requestId, logger)
-
-          const uploadUrl =
-            'https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/drive/root:/TeamsAttachments/' +
-            encodeURIComponent(file.name) +
-            ':/content'
-
-          logger.info(`[${requestId}] Uploading to Teams: ${uploadUrl}`)
-
-          const uploadResponse = await fetch(uploadUrl, {
-            method: 'PUT',
-            headers: {
-              Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.accessToken}`,
-              'Content-Type': file.type || 'application/octet-stream',
-            },
-            body: new Uint8Array(buffer),
     })
 
-          if (!uploadResponse.ok) {
-            const errorData = await uploadResponse.json().catch(() => ({}))
-            logger.error(`[${requestId}] Teams upload failed:`, errorData)
-            throw new Error(
-              `Failed to upload file to Teams: ${errorData.error?.message || 'Unknown error'}`
-            )
-          }
-
-          const uploadedFile = await uploadResponse.json()
-          logger.info(`[${requestId}] File uploaded to Teams successfully`, {
-            id: uploadedFile.id,
-            webUrl: uploadedFile.webUrl,
-          })
-
-          const fileDetailsUrl = `https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/drive/items/${uploadedFile.id}?$select=id,name,webDavUrl,eTag,size`
-
-          const fileDetailsResponse = await fetch(fileDetailsUrl, {
-            headers: {
-              Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.accessToken}`,
-            },
-          })
-
-          if (!fileDetailsResponse.ok) {
-            const errorData = await fileDetailsResponse.json().catch(() => ({}))
-            logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to get file details:`, errorData)
-            throw new Error(
-              `Failed to get file details: ${errorData.error?.message || 'Unknown error'}`
-            )
-          }
-
-          const fileDetails = await fileDetailsResponse.json()
-          logger.info(`[${requestId}] Got file details`, {
-            webDavUrl: fileDetails.webDavUrl,
-            eTag: fileDetails.eTag,
-          })
-
-          const attachmentId = fileDetails.eTag?.match(/\{([a-f0-9-]+)\}/i)?.[1] || fileDetails.id
-
-          attachments.push({
-            id: attachmentId,
-            contentType: 'reference',
-            contentUrl: fileDetails.webDavUrl,
-            name: file.name,
-          })
-
-          logger.info(`[${requestId}] Created attachment reference for ${file.name}`)
-        } catch (error) {
-          logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to process file ${file.name}:`, error)
-          throw new Error(
-            `Failed to process file "${file.name}": ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'}`
-          )
-        }
-      }
-
-      logger.info(
-        `[${requestId}] All ${attachments.length} file(s) uploaded and attachment references created`
-      )
-    }
-
     let messageContent = validatedData.content
     let contentType: 'text' | 'html' = 'text'
     const mentionEntities: TeamsMention[] = []
@@ -194,17 +115,21 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
 
     const teamsUrl = `https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/chats/${encodeURIComponent(validatedData.chatId)}/messages`
 
-    const teamsResponse = await fetch(teamsUrl, {
+    const teamsResponse = await secureFetchWithValidation(
+      teamsUrl,
+      {
         method: 'POST',
         headers: {
           'Content-Type': 'application/json',
           Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.accessToken}`,
         },
         body: JSON.stringify(messageBody),
-    })
+      },
+      'teamsUrl'
+    )
 
     if (!teamsResponse.ok) {
-      const errorData = await teamsResponse.json().catch(() => ({}))
+      const errorData = (await teamsResponse.json().catch(() => ({}))) as GraphApiErrorResponse
       logger.error(`[${requestId}] Microsoft Teams API error:`, errorData)
       return NextResponse.json(
         {
@@ -215,7 +140,7 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       )
     }
 
-    const responseData = await teamsResponse.json()
+    const responseData = (await teamsResponse.json()) as GraphChatMessage
     logger.info(`[${requestId}] Teams message sent successfully`, {
       messageId: responseData.id,
       attachmentCount: attachments.length,
@@ -233,6 +158,7 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
           url: responseData.webUrl || '',
           attachmentCount: attachments.length,
         },
+        files: filesOutput,
       },
     })
   } catch (error) {

apps/sim/app/api/tools/mistral/parse/route.ts

@@ -2,15 +2,17 @@ import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
-import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
-import { getBaseUrl } from '@/lib/core/utils/urls'
-import { StorageService } from '@/lib/uploads'
 import {
-  extractStorageKey,
+  secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
-  inferContextFromKey,
+  validateUrlWithDNS,
-  isInternalFileUrl,
+} from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
-} from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
-import { verifyFileAccess } from '@/app/api/files/authorization'
+import { FileInputSchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
+import { isInternalFileUrl, processSingleFileToUserFile } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+import {
+  downloadFileFromStorage,
+  resolveInternalFileUrl,
+} from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
 
 export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
 
@@ -18,7 +20,9 @@ const logger = createLogger('MistralParseAPI')
 
 const MistralParseSchema = z.object({
   apiKey: z.string().min(1, 'API key is required'),
-  filePath: z.string().min(1, 'File path is required'),
+  filePath: z.string().min(1, 'File path is required').optional(),
+  fileData: FileInputSchema.optional(),
+  file: FileInputSchema.optional(),
   resultType: z.string().optional(),
   pages: z.array(z.number()).optional(),
   includeImageBase64: z.boolean().optional(),
@@ -49,66 +53,140 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
     const body = await request.json()
     const validatedData = MistralParseSchema.parse(body)
 
+    const fileData = validatedData.file || validatedData.fileData
+    const filePath = typeof fileData === 'string' ? fileData : validatedData.filePath
+
+    if (!fileData && (!filePath || filePath.trim() === '')) {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: 'File input is required',
+        },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
     logger.info(`[${requestId}] Mistral parse request`, {
-      filePath: validatedData.filePath,
+      hasFileData: Boolean(fileData),
-      isWorkspaceFile: isInternalFileUrl(validatedData.filePath),
+      filePath,
+      isWorkspaceFile: filePath ? isInternalFileUrl(filePath) : false,
       userId,
     })
 
-    let fileUrl = validatedData.filePath
-
-    if (isInternalFileUrl(validatedData.filePath)) {
-      try {
-        const storageKey = extractStorageKey(validatedData.filePath)
-
-        const context = inferContextFromKey(storageKey)
-
-        const hasAccess = await verifyFileAccess(
-          storageKey,
-          userId,
-          undefined, // customConfig
-          context, // context
-          false // isLocal
-        )
-
-        if (!hasAccess) {
-          logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Unauthorized presigned URL generation attempt`, {
-            userId,
-            key: storageKey,
-            context,
-          })
-          return NextResponse.json(
-            {
-              success: false,
-              error: 'File not found',
-            },
-            { status: 404 }
-          )
-        }
-
-        fileUrl = await StorageService.generatePresignedDownloadUrl(storageKey, context, 5 * 60)
-        logger.info(`[${requestId}] Generated presigned URL for ${context} file`)
-      } catch (error) {
-        logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to generate presigned URL:`, error)
-        return NextResponse.json(
-          {
-            success: false,
-            error: 'Failed to generate file access URL',
-          },
-          { status: 500 }
-        )
-      }
-    } else if (validatedData.filePath?.startsWith('/')) {
-      const baseUrl = getBaseUrl()
-      fileUrl = `${baseUrl}${validatedData.filePath}`
-    }
-
     const mistralBody: any = {
       model: 'mistral-ocr-latest',
-      document: {
+    }
+
+    if (fileData && typeof fileData === 'object') {
+      const rawFile = fileData
+      let userFile
+      try {
+        userFile = processSingleFileToUserFile(rawFile, requestId, logger)
+      } catch (error) {
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          {
+            success: false,
+            error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to process file',
+          },
+          { status: 400 }
+        )
+      }
+
+      let mimeType = userFile.type
+      if (!mimeType || mimeType === 'application/octet-stream') {
+        const filename = userFile.name?.toLowerCase() || ''
+        if (filename.endsWith('.pdf')) {
+          mimeType = 'application/pdf'
+        } else if (filename.endsWith('.png')) {
+          mimeType = 'image/png'
+        } else if (filename.endsWith('.jpg') || filename.endsWith('.jpeg')) {
+          mimeType = 'image/jpeg'
+        } else if (filename.endsWith('.gif')) {
+          mimeType = 'image/gif'
+        } else if (filename.endsWith('.webp')) {
+          mimeType = 'image/webp'
+        } else {
+          mimeType = 'application/pdf'
+        }
+      }
+      let base64 = userFile.base64
+      if (!base64) {
+        const buffer = await downloadFileFromStorage(userFile, requestId, logger)
+        base64 = buffer.toString('base64')
+      }
+      const base64Payload = base64.startsWith('data:')
+        ? base64
+        : `data:${mimeType};base64,${base64}`
+
+      // Mistral API uses different document types for images vs documents
+      const isImage = mimeType.startsWith('image/')
+      if (isImage) {
+        mistralBody.document = {
+          type: 'image_url',
+          image_url: base64Payload,
+        }
+      } else {
+        mistralBody.document = {
+          type: 'document_url',
+          document_url: base64Payload,
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (filePath) {
+      let fileUrl = filePath
+
+      const isInternalFilePath = isInternalFileUrl(filePath)
+      if (isInternalFilePath) {
+        const resolution = await resolveInternalFileUrl(filePath, userId, requestId, logger)
+        if (resolution.error) {
+          return NextResponse.json(
+            {
+              success: false,
+              error: resolution.error.message,
+            },
+            { status: resolution.error.status }
+          )
+        }
+        fileUrl = resolution.fileUrl || fileUrl
+      } else if (filePath.startsWith('/')) {
+        logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Invalid internal path`, {
+          userId,
+          path: filePath.substring(0, 50),
+        })
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          {
+            success: false,
+            error: 'Invalid file path. Only uploaded files are supported for internal paths.',
+          },
+          { status: 400 }
+        )
+      } else {
+        const urlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(fileUrl, 'filePath')
+        if (!urlValidation.isValid) {
+          return NextResponse.json(
+            {
+              success: false,
+              error: urlValidation.error,
+            },
+            { status: 400 }
+          )
+        }
+      }
+
+      const imageExtensions = ['.png', '.jpg', '.jpeg', '.gif', '.webp', '.avif']
+      const pathname = new URL(fileUrl).pathname.toLowerCase()
+      const isImageUrl = imageExtensions.some((ext) => pathname.endsWith(ext))
+
+      if (isImageUrl) {
+        mistralBody.document = {
+          type: 'image_url',
+          image_url: fileUrl,
+        }
+      } else {
+        mistralBody.document = {
           type: 'document_url',
           document_url: fileUrl,
-      },
+        }
+      }
     }
 
     if (validatedData.pages) {
@@ -124,7 +202,25 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       mistralBody.image_min_size = validatedData.imageMinSize
     }
 
-    const mistralResponse = await fetch('https://api.mistral.ai/v1/ocr', {
+    const mistralEndpoint = 'https://api.mistral.ai/v1/ocr'
+    const mistralValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(mistralEndpoint, 'Mistral API URL')
+    if (!mistralValidation.isValid) {
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Mistral API URL validation failed`, {
+        error: mistralValidation.error,
+      })
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: 'Failed to reach Mistral API',
+        },
+        { status: 502 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const mistralResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(
+      mistralEndpoint,
+      mistralValidation.resolvedIP!,
+      {
         method: 'POST',
         headers: {
           'Content-Type': 'application/json',
@@ -132,7 +228,8 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
           Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.apiKey}`,
         },
         body: JSON.stringify(mistralBody),
-    })
+      }
+    )
 
     if (!mistralResponse.ok) {
       const errorText = await mistralResponse.text()

apps/sim/app/api/tools/onedrive/download/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import {
+  secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
+  validateUrlWithDNS,
+} from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
+import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+
+export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
+
+/** Microsoft Graph API error response structure */
+interface GraphApiError {
+  error?: {
+    code?: string
+    message?: string
+  }
+}
+
+/** Microsoft Graph API drive item metadata response */
+interface DriveItemMetadata {
+  id?: string
+  name?: string
+  folder?: Record<string, unknown>
+  file?: {
+    mimeType?: string
+  }
+}
+
+const logger = createLogger('OneDriveDownloadAPI')
+
+const OneDriveDownloadSchema = z.object({
+  accessToken: z.string().min(1, 'Access token is required'),
+  fileId: z.string().min(1, 'File ID is required'),
+  fileName: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+})
+
+export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
+  const requestId = generateRequestId()
+
+  try {
+    const authResult = await checkInternalAuth(request, { requireWorkflowId: false })
+
+    if (!authResult.success) {
+      logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Unauthorized OneDrive download attempt: ${authResult.error}`)
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: authResult.error || 'Authentication required',
+        },
+        { status: 401 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const body = await request.json()
+    const validatedData = OneDriveDownloadSchema.parse(body)
+
+    const { accessToken, fileId, fileName } = validatedData
+    const authHeader = `Bearer ${accessToken}`
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Getting file metadata from OneDrive`, { fileId })
+
+    const metadataUrl = `https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/drive/items/${fileId}`
+    const metadataUrlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(metadataUrl, 'metadataUrl')
+    if (!metadataUrlValidation.isValid) {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: metadataUrlValidation.error },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const metadataResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(
+      metadataUrl,
+      metadataUrlValidation.resolvedIP!,
+      {
+        headers: { Authorization: authHeader },
+      }
+    )
+
+    if (!metadataResponse.ok) {
+      const errorDetails = (await metadataResponse.json().catch(() => ({}))) as GraphApiError
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to get file metadata`, {
+        status: metadataResponse.status,
+        error: errorDetails,
+      })
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: errorDetails.error?.message || 'Failed to get file metadata' },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const metadata = (await metadataResponse.json()) as DriveItemMetadata
+
+    if (metadata.folder && !metadata.file) {
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Attempted to download a folder`, {
+        itemId: metadata.id,
+        itemName: metadata.name,
+      })
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: `Cannot download folder "${metadata.name}". Please select a file instead.`,
+        },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const mimeType = metadata.file?.mimeType || 'application/octet-stream'
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Downloading file from OneDrive`, { fileId, mimeType })
+
+    const downloadUrl = `https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/drive/items/${fileId}/content`
+    const downloadUrlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(downloadUrl, 'downloadUrl')
+    if (!downloadUrlValidation.isValid) {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: downloadUrlValidation.error },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const downloadResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(
+      downloadUrl,
+      downloadUrlValidation.resolvedIP!,
+      {
+        headers: { Authorization: authHeader },
+      }
+    )
+
+    if (!downloadResponse.ok) {
+      const downloadError = (await downloadResponse.json().catch(() => ({}))) as GraphApiError
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to download file`, {
+        status: downloadResponse.status,
+        error: downloadError,
+      })
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: downloadError.error?.message || 'Failed to download file' },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const arrayBuffer = await downloadResponse.arrayBuffer()
+    const fileBuffer = Buffer.from(arrayBuffer)
+
+    const resolvedName = fileName || metadata.name || 'download'
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] File downloaded successfully`, {
+      fileId,
+      name: resolvedName,
+      size: fileBuffer.length,
+      mimeType,
+    })
+
+    const base64Data = fileBuffer.toString('base64')
+
+    return NextResponse.json({
+      success: true,
+      output: {
+        file: {
+          name: resolvedName,
+          mimeType,
+          data: base64Data,
+          size: fileBuffer.length,
+        },
+      },
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`[${requestId}] Error downloading OneDrive file:`, error)
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      {
+        success: false,
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error occurred',
+      },
+      { status: 500 }
+    )
+  }
+}

apps/sim/app/api/tools/onedrive/upload/route.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ import * as XLSX from 'xlsx'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { validateMicrosoftGraphId } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation'
+import { secureFetchWithValidation } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { RawFileInputSchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
 import {
   getExtensionFromMimeType,
   processSingleFileToUserFile,
@@ -29,12 +31,33 @@ const ExcelValuesSchema = z.union([
 const OneDriveUploadSchema = z.object({
   accessToken: z.string().min(1, 'Access token is required'),
   fileName: z.string().min(1, 'File name is required'),
-  file: z.any().optional(),
+  file: RawFileInputSchema.optional(),
   folderId: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   mimeType: z.string().nullish(),
   values: ExcelValuesSchema.optional().nullable(),
+  conflictBehavior: z.enum(['fail', 'replace', 'rename']).optional().nullable(),
 })
 
+/** Microsoft Graph DriveItem response */
+interface OneDriveFileData {
+  id: string
+  name: string
+  size: number
+  webUrl: string
+  createdDateTime: string
+  lastModifiedDateTime: string
+  file?: { mimeType: string }
+  parentReference?: { id: string; path: string }
+  '@microsoft.graph.downloadUrl'?: string
+}
+
+/** Microsoft Graph Excel range response */
+interface ExcelRangeData {
+  address?: string
+  addressLocal?: string
+  values?: unknown[][]
+}
+
 export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
   const requestId = generateRequestId()
 
@@ -88,25 +111,9 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
         )
       }
 
-      let fileToProcess
-      if (Array.isArray(rawFile)) {
-        if (rawFile.length === 0) {
-          return NextResponse.json(
-            {
-              success: false,
-              error: 'No file provided',
-            },
-            { status: 400 }
-          )
-        }
-        fileToProcess = rawFile[0]
-      } else {
-        fileToProcess = rawFile
-      }
-
       let userFile
       try {
-        userFile = processSingleFileToUserFile(fileToProcess, requestId, logger)
+        userFile = processSingleFileToUserFile(rawFile, requestId, logger)
       } catch (error) {
         return NextResponse.json(
           {
@@ -179,14 +186,23 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       uploadUrl = `${MICROSOFT_GRAPH_BASE}/me/drive/root:/${encodeURIComponent(fileName)}:/content`
     }
 
-    const uploadResponse = await fetch(uploadUrl, {
+    // Add conflict behavior if specified (defaults to replace by Microsoft Graph API)
+    if (validatedData.conflictBehavior) {
+      uploadUrl += `?@microsoft.graph.conflictBehavior=${validatedData.conflictBehavior}`
+    }
+
+    const uploadResponse = await secureFetchWithValidation(
+      uploadUrl,
+      {
         method: 'PUT',
         headers: {
           Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.accessToken}`,
           'Content-Type': mimeType,
         },
-      body: new Uint8Array(fileBuffer),
+        body: fileBuffer,
-    })
+      },
+      'uploadUrl'
+    )
 
     if (!uploadResponse.ok) {
       const errorText = await uploadResponse.text()
@@ -200,7 +216,7 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       )
     }
 
-    const fileData = await uploadResponse.json()
+    const fileData = (await uploadResponse.json()) as OneDriveFileData
 
     let excelWriteResult: any | undefined
     const shouldWriteExcelContent =
@@ -209,8 +225,11 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
     if (shouldWriteExcelContent) {
       try {
         let workbookSessionId: string | undefined
-        const sessionResp = await fetch(
+        const sessionUrl = `${MICROSOFT_GRAPH_BASE}/me/drive/items/${encodeURIComponent(
-          `${MICROSOFT_GRAPH_BASE}/me/drive/items/${encodeURIComponent(fileData.id)}/workbook/createSession`,
+          fileData.id
+        )}/workbook/createSession`
+        const sessionResp = await secureFetchWithValidation(
+          sessionUrl,
           {
             method: 'POST',
             headers: {
@@ -218,11 +237,12 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
               'Content-Type': 'application/json',
             },
             body: JSON.stringify({ persistChanges: true }),
-          }
+          },
+          'sessionUrl'
         )
 
         if (sessionResp.ok) {
-          const sessionData = await sessionResp.json()
+          const sessionData = (await sessionResp.json()) as { id?: string }
           workbookSessionId = sessionData?.id
         }
 
@@ -231,14 +251,19 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
           const listUrl = `${MICROSOFT_GRAPH_BASE}/me/drive/items/${encodeURIComponent(
             fileData.id
           )}/workbook/worksheets?$select=name&$orderby=position&$top=1`
-          const listResp = await fetch(listUrl, {
+          const listResp = await secureFetchWithValidation(
+            listUrl,
+            {
+              method: 'GET',
               headers: {
                 Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.accessToken}`,
                 ...(workbookSessionId ? { 'workbook-session-id': workbookSessionId } : {}),
               },
-          })
+            },
+            'listUrl'
+          )
           if (listResp.ok) {
-            const listData = await listResp.json()
+            const listData = (await listResp.json()) as { value?: Array<{ name?: string }> }
             const firstSheetName = listData?.value?.[0]?.name
             if (firstSheetName) {
               sheetName = firstSheetName
@@ -297,7 +322,9 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
           )}')/range(address='${encodeURIComponent(computedRangeAddress)}')`
         )
 
-        const excelWriteResponse = await fetch(url.toString(), {
+        const excelWriteResponse = await secureFetchWithValidation(
+          url.toString(),
+          {
             method: 'PATCH',
             headers: {
               Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.accessToken}`,
@@ -305,7 +332,9 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
               ...(workbookSessionId ? { 'workbook-session-id': workbookSessionId } : {}),
             },
             body: JSON.stringify({ values: processedValues }),
-        })
+          },
+          'excelWriteUrl'
+        )
 
         if (!excelWriteResponse || !excelWriteResponse.ok) {
           const errorText = excelWriteResponse ? await excelWriteResponse.text() : 'no response'
@@ -320,7 +349,7 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
             details: errorText,
           }
         } else {
-          const writeData = await excelWriteResponse.json()
+          const writeData = (await excelWriteResponse.json()) as ExcelRangeData
           const addr = writeData.address || writeData.addressLocal
           const v = writeData.values || []
           excelWriteResult = {
@@ -328,21 +357,25 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
             updatedRange: addr,
             updatedRows: Array.isArray(v) ? v.length : undefined,
             updatedColumns: Array.isArray(v) && v[0] ? v[0].length : undefined,
-            updatedCells: Array.isArray(v) && v[0] ? v.length * (v[0] as any[]).length : undefined,
+            updatedCells: Array.isArray(v) && v[0] ? v.length * v[0].length : undefined,
           }
         }
 
         if (workbookSessionId) {
           try {
-            const closeResp = await fetch(
+            const closeUrl = `${MICROSOFT_GRAPH_BASE}/me/drive/items/${encodeURIComponent(
-              `${MICROSOFT_GRAPH_BASE}/me/drive/items/${encodeURIComponent(fileData.id)}/workbook/closeSession`,
+              fileData.id
+            )}/workbook/closeSession`
+            const closeResp = await secureFetchWithValidation(
+              closeUrl,
               {
                 method: 'POST',
                 headers: {
                   Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.accessToken}`,
                   'workbook-session-id': workbookSessionId,
                 },
-              }
+              },
+              'closeSessionUrl'
             )
             if (!closeResp.ok) {
               const closeText = await closeResp.text()

apps/sim/app/api/tools/outlook/draft/route.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { RawFileInputArraySchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
 import { processFilesToUserFiles } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ const OutlookDraftSchema = z.object({
   contentType: z.enum(['text', 'html']).optional().nullable(),
   cc: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   bcc: z.string().optional().nullable(),
-  attachments: z.array(z.any()).optional().nullable(),
+  attachments: RawFileInputArraySchema.optional().nullable(),
 })
 
 export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {

apps/sim/app/api/tools/outlook/send/route.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { RawFileInputArraySchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
 import { processFilesToUserFiles } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ const OutlookSendSchema = z.object({
   bcc: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   replyToMessageId: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   conversationId: z.string().optional().nullable(),
-  attachments: z.array(z.any()).optional().nullable(),
+  attachments: RawFileInputArraySchema.optional().nullable(),
 })
 
 export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
@@ -95,14 +96,14 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
 
       if (attachments.length > 0) {
         const totalSize = attachments.reduce((sum, file) => sum + file.size, 0)
-        const maxSize = 4 * 1024 * 1024 // 4MB
+        const maxSize = 3 * 1024 * 1024 // 3MB - Microsoft Graph API limit for inline attachments
 
         if (totalSize > maxSize) {
           const sizeMB = (totalSize / (1024 * 1024)).toFixed(2)
           return NextResponse.json(
             {
               success: false,
-              error: `Total attachment size (${sizeMB}MB) exceeds Outlook's limit of 4MB per request`,
+              error: `Total attachment size (${sizeMB}MB) exceeds Microsoft Graph API limit of 3MB per request`,
             },
             { status: 400 }
           )

apps/sim/app/api/tools/pipedrive/get-files/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import {
+  secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
+  validateUrlWithDNS,
+} from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
+import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { getFileExtension, getMimeTypeFromExtension } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+
+export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
+
+const logger = createLogger('PipedriveGetFilesAPI')
+
+interface PipedriveFile {
+  id?: number
+  name?: string
+  url?: string
+}
+
+interface PipedriveApiResponse {
+  success: boolean
+  data?: PipedriveFile[]
+  error?: string
+}
+
+const PipedriveGetFilesSchema = z.object({
+  accessToken: z.string().min(1, 'Access token is required'),
+  deal_id: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  person_id: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  org_id: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  limit: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  downloadFiles: z.boolean().optional().default(false),
+})
+
+export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
+  const requestId = generateRequestId()
+
+  try {
+    const authResult = await checkInternalAuth(request, { requireWorkflowId: false })
+
+    if (!authResult.success) {
+      logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Unauthorized Pipedrive get files attempt: ${authResult.error}`)
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: authResult.error || 'Authentication required',
+        },
+        { status: 401 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const body = await request.json()
+    const validatedData = PipedriveGetFilesSchema.parse(body)
+
+    const { accessToken, deal_id, person_id, org_id, limit, downloadFiles } = validatedData
+
+    const baseUrl = 'https://api.pipedrive.com/v1/files'
+    const queryParams = new URLSearchParams()
+
+    if (deal_id) queryParams.append('deal_id', deal_id)
+    if (person_id) queryParams.append('person_id', person_id)
+    if (org_id) queryParams.append('org_id', org_id)
+    if (limit) queryParams.append('limit', limit)
+
+    const queryString = queryParams.toString()
+    const apiUrl = queryString ? `${baseUrl}?${queryString}` : baseUrl
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Fetching files from Pipedrive`, { deal_id, person_id, org_id })
+
+    const urlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(apiUrl, 'apiUrl')
+    if (!urlValidation.isValid) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ success: false, error: urlValidation.error }, { status: 400 })
+    }
+
+    const response = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(apiUrl, urlValidation.resolvedIP!, {
+      method: 'GET',
+      headers: {
+        Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken}`,
+        Accept: 'application/json',
+      },
+    })
+
+    const data = (await response.json()) as PipedriveApiResponse
+
+    if (!data.success) {
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Pipedrive API request failed`, { data })
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: data.error || 'Failed to fetch files from Pipedrive' },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const files = data.data || []
+    const downloadedFiles: Array<{
+      name: string
+      mimeType: string
+      data: string
+      size: number
+    }> = []
+
+    if (downloadFiles) {
+      for (const file of files) {
+        if (!file?.url) continue
+
+        try {
+          const fileUrlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(file.url, 'fileUrl')
+          if (!fileUrlValidation.isValid) continue
+
+          const downloadResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(
+            file.url,
+            fileUrlValidation.resolvedIP!,
+            {
+              method: 'GET',
+              headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken}` },
+            }
+          )
+
+          if (!downloadResponse.ok) continue
+
+          const arrayBuffer = await downloadResponse.arrayBuffer()
+          const buffer = Buffer.from(arrayBuffer)
+          const extension = getFileExtension(file.name || '')
+          const mimeType =
+            downloadResponse.headers.get('content-type') || getMimeTypeFromExtension(extension)
+          const fileName = file.name || `pipedrive-file-${file.id || Date.now()}`
+
+          downloadedFiles.push({
+            name: fileName,
+            mimeType,
+            data: buffer.toString('base64'),
+            size: buffer.length,
+          })
+        } catch (error) {
+          logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Failed to download file ${file.id}:`, error)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Pipedrive files fetched successfully`, {
+      fileCount: files.length,
+      downloadedCount: downloadedFiles.length,
+    })
+
+    return NextResponse.json({
+      success: true,
+      output: {
+        files,
+        downloadedFiles: downloadedFiles.length > 0 ? downloadedFiles : undefined,
+        total_items: files.length,
+        success: true,
+      },
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`[${requestId}] Error fetching Pipedrive files:`, error)
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      {
+        success: false,
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error occurred',
+      },
+      { status: 500 }
+    )
+  }
+}

apps/sim/app/api/tools/pulse/parse/route.ts

@@ -2,15 +2,14 @@ import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
-import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
-import { getBaseUrl } from '@/lib/core/utils/urls'
-import { StorageService } from '@/lib/uploads'
 import {
-  extractStorageKey,
+  secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
-  inferContextFromKey,
+  validateUrlWithDNS,
-  isInternalFileUrl,
+} from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
-} from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
-import { verifyFileAccess } from '@/app/api/files/authorization'
+import { RawFileInputSchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
+import { isInternalFileUrl } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+import { resolveFileInputToUrl } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
 
 export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
 
@@ -18,7 +17,8 @@ const logger = createLogger('PulseParseAPI')
 
 const PulseParseSchema = z.object({
   apiKey: z.string().min(1, 'API key is required'),
-  filePath: z.string().min(1, 'File path is required'),
+  filePath: z.string().optional(),
+  file: RawFileInputSchema.optional(),
   pages: z.string().optional(),
   extractFigure: z.boolean().optional(),
   figureDescription: z.boolean().optional(),
@@ -51,50 +51,30 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
     const validatedData = PulseParseSchema.parse(body)
 
     logger.info(`[${requestId}] Pulse parse request`, {
+      fileName: validatedData.file?.name,
       filePath: validatedData.filePath,
-      isWorkspaceFile: isInternalFileUrl(validatedData.filePath),
+      isWorkspaceFile: validatedData.filePath ? isInternalFileUrl(validatedData.filePath) : false,
       userId,
     })
 
-    let fileUrl = validatedData.filePath
+    const resolution = await resolveFileInputToUrl({
-
+      file: validatedData.file,
-    if (isInternalFileUrl(validatedData.filePath)) {
+      filePath: validatedData.filePath,
-      try {
-        const storageKey = extractStorageKey(validatedData.filePath)
-        const context = inferContextFromKey(storageKey)
-
-        const hasAccess = await verifyFileAccess(storageKey, userId, undefined, context, false)
-
-        if (!hasAccess) {
-          logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Unauthorized presigned URL generation attempt`, {
       userId,
-            key: storageKey,
+      requestId,
-            context,
+      logger,
     })
+
+    if (resolution.error) {
       return NextResponse.json(
-            {
+        { success: false, error: resolution.error.message },
-              success: false,
+        { status: resolution.error.status }
-              error: 'File not found',
-            },
-            { status: 404 }
       )
     }
 
-        fileUrl = await StorageService.generatePresignedDownloadUrl(storageKey, context, 5 * 60)
+    const fileUrl = resolution.fileUrl
-        logger.info(`[${requestId}] Generated presigned URL for ${context} file`)
+    if (!fileUrl) {
-      } catch (error) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ success: false, error: 'File input is required' }, { status: 400 })
-        logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to generate presigned URL:`, error)
-        return NextResponse.json(
-          {
-            success: false,
-            error: 'Failed to generate file access URL',
-          },
-          { status: 500 }
-        )
-      }
-    } else if (validatedData.filePath?.startsWith('/')) {
-      const baseUrl = getBaseUrl()
-      fileUrl = `${baseUrl}${validatedData.filePath}`
     }
 
     const formData = new FormData()
@@ -119,13 +99,36 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       formData.append('chunk_size', String(validatedData.chunkSize))
     }
 
-    const pulseResponse = await fetch('https://api.runpulse.com/extract', {
+    const pulseEndpoint = 'https://api.runpulse.com/extract'
+    const pulseValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(pulseEndpoint, 'Pulse API URL')
+    if (!pulseValidation.isValid) {
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Pulse API URL validation failed`, {
+        error: pulseValidation.error,
+      })
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: 'Failed to reach Pulse API',
+        },
+        { status: 502 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const pulsePayload = new Response(formData)
+    const contentType = pulsePayload.headers.get('content-type') || 'multipart/form-data'
+    const bodyBuffer = Buffer.from(await pulsePayload.arrayBuffer())
+    const pulseResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(
+      pulseEndpoint,
+      pulseValidation.resolvedIP!,
+      {
         method: 'POST',
         headers: {
           'x-api-key': validatedData.apiKey,
+          'Content-Type': contentType,
         },
-      body: formData,
+        body: bodyBuffer,
-    })
+      }
+    )
 
     if (!pulseResponse.ok) {
       const errorText = await pulseResponse.text()

apps/sim/app/api/tools/reducto/parse/route.ts

@@ -2,15 +2,14 @@ import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
-import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
-import { getBaseUrl } from '@/lib/core/utils/urls'
-import { StorageService } from '@/lib/uploads'
 import {
-  extractStorageKey,
+  secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
-  inferContextFromKey,
+  validateUrlWithDNS,
-  isInternalFileUrl,
+} from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
-} from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
-import { verifyFileAccess } from '@/app/api/files/authorization'
+import { RawFileInputSchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
+import { isInternalFileUrl } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+import { resolveFileInputToUrl } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
 
 export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
 
@@ -18,7 +17,8 @@ const logger = createLogger('ReductoParseAPI')
 
 const ReductoParseSchema = z.object({
   apiKey: z.string().min(1, 'API key is required'),
-  filePath: z.string().min(1, 'File path is required'),
+  filePath: z.string().optional(),
+  file: RawFileInputSchema.optional(),
   pages: z.array(z.number()).optional(),
   tableOutputFormat: z.enum(['html', 'md']).optional(),
 })
@@ -47,56 +47,30 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
     const validatedData = ReductoParseSchema.parse(body)
 
     logger.info(`[${requestId}] Reducto parse request`, {
+      fileName: validatedData.file?.name,
       filePath: validatedData.filePath,
-      isWorkspaceFile: isInternalFileUrl(validatedData.filePath),
+      isWorkspaceFile: validatedData.filePath ? isInternalFileUrl(validatedData.filePath) : false,
       userId,
     })
 
-    let fileUrl = validatedData.filePath
+    const resolution = await resolveFileInputToUrl({
-
+      file: validatedData.file,
-    if (isInternalFileUrl(validatedData.filePath)) {
+      filePath: validatedData.filePath,
-      try {
-        const storageKey = extractStorageKey(validatedData.filePath)
-        const context = inferContextFromKey(storageKey)
-
-        const hasAccess = await verifyFileAccess(
-          storageKey,
       userId,
-          undefined, // customConfig
+      requestId,
-          context, // context
+      logger,
-          false // isLocal
-        )
-
-        if (!hasAccess) {
-          logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Unauthorized presigned URL generation attempt`, {
-            userId,
-            key: storageKey,
-            context,
     })
+
+    if (resolution.error) {
       return NextResponse.json(
-            {
+        { success: false, error: resolution.error.message },
-              success: false,
+        { status: resolution.error.status }
-              error: 'File not found',
-            },
-            { status: 404 }
       )
     }
 
-        fileUrl = await StorageService.generatePresignedDownloadUrl(storageKey, context, 5 * 60)
+    const fileUrl = resolution.fileUrl
-        logger.info(`[${requestId}] Generated presigned URL for ${context} file`)
+    if (!fileUrl) {
-      } catch (error) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ success: false, error: 'File input is required' }, { status: 400 })
-        logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to generate presigned URL:`, error)
-        return NextResponse.json(
-          {
-            success: false,
-            error: 'Failed to generate file access URL',
-          },
-          { status: 500 }
-        )
-      }
-    } else if (validatedData.filePath?.startsWith('/')) {
-      const baseUrl = getBaseUrl()
-      fileUrl = `${baseUrl}${validatedData.filePath}`
     }
 
     const reductoBody: Record<string, unknown> = {
@@ -104,8 +78,13 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
     }
 
     if (validatedData.pages && validatedData.pages.length > 0) {
+      // Reducto API expects page_range as an object with start/end, not an array
+      const pages = validatedData.pages
       reductoBody.settings = {
-        page_range: validatedData.pages,
+        page_range: {
+          start: Math.min(...pages),
+          end: Math.max(...pages),
+        },
       }
     }
 
@@ -115,7 +94,25 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       }
     }
 
-    const reductoResponse = await fetch('https://platform.reducto.ai/parse', {
+    const reductoEndpoint = 'https://platform.reducto.ai/parse'
+    const reductoValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(reductoEndpoint, 'Reducto API URL')
+    if (!reductoValidation.isValid) {
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Reducto API URL validation failed`, {
+        error: reductoValidation.error,
+      })
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: 'Failed to reach Reducto API',
+        },
+        { status: 502 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const reductoResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(
+      reductoEndpoint,
+      reductoValidation.resolvedIP!,
+      {
         method: 'POST',
         headers: {
           'Content-Type': 'application/json',
@@ -123,7 +120,8 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
           Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.apiKey}`,
         },
         body: JSON.stringify(reductoBody),
-    })
+      }
+    )
 
     if (!reductoResponse.ok) {
       const errorText = await reductoResponse.text()

apps/sim/app/api/tools/s3/put-object/route.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { RawFileInputSchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
 import { processSingleFileToUserFile } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
 
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ const S3PutObjectSchema = z.object({
   region: z.string().min(1, 'Region is required'),
   bucketName: z.string().min(1, 'Bucket name is required'),
   objectKey: z.string().min(1, 'Object key is required'),
-  file: z.any().optional().nullable(),
+  file: RawFileInputSchema.optional().nullable(),
   content: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   contentType: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   acl: z.string().optional().nullable(),

apps/sim/app/api/tools/sendgrid/send-mail/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { RawFileInputArraySchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
+import { processFilesToUserFiles } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
+
+export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
+
+const logger = createLogger('SendGridSendMailAPI')
+
+const SendGridSendMailSchema = z.object({
+  apiKey: z.string().min(1, 'API key is required'),
+  from: z.string().min(1, 'From email is required'),
+  fromName: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  to: z.string().min(1, 'To email is required'),
+  toName: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  subject: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  content: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  contentType: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  cc: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  bcc: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  replyTo: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  replyToName: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  templateId: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  dynamicTemplateData: z.any().optional().nullable(),
+  attachments: RawFileInputArraySchema.optional().nullable(),
+})
+
+export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
+  const requestId = generateRequestId()
+
+  try {
+    const authResult = await checkInternalAuth(request, { requireWorkflowId: false })
+
+    if (!authResult.success) {
+      logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Unauthorized SendGrid send attempt: ${authResult.error}`)
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: authResult.error || 'Authentication required' },
+        { status: 401 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Authenticated SendGrid send request via ${authResult.authType}`)
+
+    const body = await request.json()
+    const validatedData = SendGridSendMailSchema.parse(body)
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Sending SendGrid email`, {
+      to: validatedData.to,
+      subject: validatedData.subject || '(template)',
+      hasAttachments: !!(validatedData.attachments && validatedData.attachments.length > 0),
+      attachmentCount: validatedData.attachments?.length || 0,
+    })
+
+    // Build personalizations
+    const personalizations: Record<string, unknown> = {
+      to: [
+        { email: validatedData.to, ...(validatedData.toName && { name: validatedData.toName }) },
+      ],
+    }
+
+    if (validatedData.cc) {
+      personalizations.cc = [{ email: validatedData.cc }]
+    }
+
+    if (validatedData.bcc) {
+      personalizations.bcc = [{ email: validatedData.bcc }]
+    }
+
+    if (validatedData.templateId && validatedData.dynamicTemplateData) {
+      personalizations.dynamic_template_data =
+        typeof validatedData.dynamicTemplateData === 'string'
+          ? JSON.parse(validatedData.dynamicTemplateData)
+          : validatedData.dynamicTemplateData
+    }
+
+    // Build mail body
+    const mailBody: Record<string, unknown> = {
+      personalizations: [personalizations],
+      from: {
+        email: validatedData.from,
+        ...(validatedData.fromName && { name: validatedData.fromName }),
+      },
+      subject: validatedData.subject,
+    }
+
+    if (validatedData.templateId) {
+      mailBody.template_id = validatedData.templateId
+    } else {
+      mailBody.content = [
+        {
+          type: validatedData.contentType || 'text/plain',
+          value: validatedData.content,
+        },
+      ]
+    }
+
+    if (validatedData.replyTo) {
+      mailBody.reply_to = {
+        email: validatedData.replyTo,
+        ...(validatedData.replyToName && { name: validatedData.replyToName }),
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Process attachments from UserFile objects
+    if (validatedData.attachments && validatedData.attachments.length > 0) {
+      const rawAttachments = validatedData.attachments
+      logger.info(`[${requestId}] Processing ${rawAttachments.length} attachment(s)`)
+
+      const userFiles = processFilesToUserFiles(rawAttachments, requestId, logger)
+
+      if (userFiles.length > 0) {
+        const sendGridAttachments = await Promise.all(
+          userFiles.map(async (file) => {
+            try {
+              logger.info(
+                `[${requestId}] Downloading attachment: ${file.name} (${file.size} bytes)`
+              )
+              const buffer = await downloadFileFromStorage(file, requestId, logger)
+
+              return {
+                content: buffer.toString('base64'),
+                filename: file.name,
+                type: file.type || 'application/octet-stream',
+                disposition: 'attachment',
+              }
+            } catch (error) {
+              logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to download attachment ${file.name}:`, error)
+              throw new Error(
+                `Failed to download attachment "${file.name}": ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'}`
+              )
+            }
+          })
+        )
+
+        mailBody.attachments = sendGridAttachments
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Send to SendGrid
+    const response = await fetch('https://api.sendgrid.com/v3/mail/send', {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: {
+        Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.apiKey}`,
+        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+      },
+      body: JSON.stringify(mailBody),
+    })
+
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      const errorData = await response.json().catch(() => ({}))
+      const errorMessage =
+        errorData.errors?.[0]?.message || errorData.message || 'Failed to send email'
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] SendGrid API error:`, { status: response.status, errorData })
+      return NextResponse.json({ success: false, error: errorMessage }, { status: response.status })
+    }
+
+    const messageId = response.headers.get('X-Message-Id')
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Email sent successfully`, { messageId })
+
+    return NextResponse.json({
+      success: true,
+      output: {
+        success: true,
+        messageId: messageId || undefined,
+        to: validatedData.to,
+        subject: validatedData.subject || '',
+      },
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error instanceof z.ZodError) {
+      logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Validation error:`, error.errors)
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: error.errors[0]?.message || 'Validation failed' },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    logger.error(`[${requestId}] Unexpected error:`, error)
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      { success: false, error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error' },
+      { status: 500 }
+    )
+  }
+}

apps/sim/app/api/tools/sftp/download/route.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { getFileExtension, getMimeTypeFromExtension } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import { createSftpConnection, getSftp, isPathSafe, sanitizePath } from '@/app/api/tools/sftp/utils'
 
 export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
@@ -111,6 +112,8 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
 
       const buffer = Buffer.concat(chunks)
       const fileName = path.basename(remotePath)
+      const extension = getFileExtension(fileName)
+      const mimeType = getMimeTypeFromExtension(extension)
 
       let content: string
       if (params.encoding === 'base64') {
@@ -124,6 +127,12 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       return NextResponse.json({
         success: true,
         fileName,
+        file: {
+          name: fileName,
+          mimeType,
+          data: buffer.toString('base64'),
+          size: buffer.length,
+        },
         content,
         size: buffer.length,
         encoding: params.encoding,

apps/sim/app/api/tools/sftp/upload/route.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { RawFileInputArraySchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
 import { processFilesToUserFiles } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
 import {
@@ -26,14 +27,7 @@ const UploadSchema = z.object({
   privateKey: z.string().nullish(),
   passphrase: z.string().nullish(),
   remotePath: z.string().min(1, 'Remote path is required'),
-  files: z
+  files: RawFileInputArraySchema.optional().nullable(),
-    .union([z.array(z.any()), z.string(), z.number(), z.null(), z.undefined()])
-    .transform((val) => {
-      if (Array.isArray(val)) return val
-      if (val === null || val === undefined || val === '') return undefined
-      return undefined
-    })
-    .nullish(),
   fileContent: z.string().nullish(),
   fileName: z.string().nullish(),
   overwrite: z.boolean().default(true),

apps/sim/app/api/tools/sharepoint/upload/route.ts

@@ -2,9 +2,12 @@ import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { secureFetchWithValidation } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { RawFileInputArraySchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
 import { processFilesToUserFiles } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
+import type { MicrosoftGraphDriveItem } from '@/tools/onedrive/types'
 
 export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
 
@@ -16,7 +19,7 @@ const SharepointUploadSchema = z.object({
   driveId: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   folderPath: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   fileName: z.string().optional().nullable(),
-  files: z.array(z.any()).optional().nullable(),
+  files: RawFileInputArraySchema.optional().nullable(),
 })
 
 export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
@@ -79,18 +82,23 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
     let effectiveDriveId = validatedData.driveId
     if (!effectiveDriveId) {
       logger.info(`[${requestId}] No driveId provided, fetching default drive for site`)
-      const driveResponse = await fetch(
+      const driveUrl = `https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/sites/${validatedData.siteId}/drive`
-        `https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/sites/${validatedData.siteId}/drive`,
+      const driveResponse = await secureFetchWithValidation(
+        driveUrl,
         {
+          method: 'GET',
           headers: {
             Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.accessToken}`,
             Accept: 'application/json',
           },
-        }
+        },
+        'driveUrl'
       )
 
       if (!driveResponse.ok) {
-        const errorData = await driveResponse.json().catch(() => ({}))
+        const errorData = (await driveResponse.json().catch(() => ({}))) as {
+          error?: { message?: string }
+        }
         logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to get default drive:`, errorData)
         return NextResponse.json(
           {
@@ -101,7 +109,7 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
         )
       }
 
-      const driveData = await driveResponse.json()
+      const driveData = (await driveResponse.json()) as { id: string }
       effectiveDriveId = driveData.id
       logger.info(`[${requestId}] Using default drive: ${effectiveDriveId}`)
     }
@@ -145,34 +153,87 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
 
       logger.info(`[${requestId}] Uploading to: ${uploadUrl}`)
 
-      const uploadResponse = await fetch(uploadUrl, {
+      const uploadResponse = await secureFetchWithValidation(
+        uploadUrl,
+        {
           method: 'PUT',
           headers: {
             Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.accessToken}`,
             'Content-Type': userFile.type || 'application/octet-stream',
           },
-        body: new Uint8Array(buffer),
+          body: buffer,
-      })
+        },
+        'uploadUrl'
+      )
 
       if (!uploadResponse.ok) {
         const errorData = await uploadResponse.json().catch(() => ({}))
         logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to upload file ${fileName}:`, errorData)
 
         if (uploadResponse.status === 409) {
-          logger.warn(`[${requestId}] File ${fileName} already exists, attempting to replace`)
+          // File exists - retry with conflict behavior set to replace
+          logger.warn(`[${requestId}] File ${fileName} already exists, retrying with replace`)
+          const replaceUrl = `${uploadUrl}?@microsoft.graph.conflictBehavior=replace`
+          const replaceResponse = await secureFetchWithValidation(
+            replaceUrl,
+            {
+              method: 'PUT',
+              headers: {
+                Authorization: `Bearer ${validatedData.accessToken}`,
+                'Content-Type': userFile.type || 'application/octet-stream',
+              },
+              body: buffer,
+            },
+            'replaceUrl'
+          )
+
+          if (!replaceResponse.ok) {
+            const replaceErrorData = (await replaceResponse.json().catch(() => ({}))) as {
+              error?: { message?: string }
+            }
+            logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to replace file ${fileName}:`, replaceErrorData)
+            return NextResponse.json(
+              {
+                success: false,
+                error: replaceErrorData.error?.message || `Failed to replace file: ${fileName}`,
+              },
+              { status: replaceResponse.status }
+            )
+          }
+
+          const replaceData = (await replaceResponse.json()) as {
+            id: string
+            name: string
+            webUrl: string
+            size: number
+            createdDateTime: string
+            lastModifiedDateTime: string
+          }
+          logger.info(`[${requestId}] File replaced successfully: ${fileName}`)
+
+          uploadedFiles.push({
+            id: replaceData.id,
+            name: replaceData.name,
+            webUrl: replaceData.webUrl,
+            size: replaceData.size,
+            createdDateTime: replaceData.createdDateTime,
+            lastModifiedDateTime: replaceData.lastModifiedDateTime,
+          })
           continue
         }
 
         return NextResponse.json(
           {
             success: false,
-            error: errorData.error?.message || `Failed to upload file: ${fileName}`,
+            error:
+              (errorData as { error?: { message?: string } }).error?.message ||
+              `Failed to upload file: ${fileName}`,
           },
           { status: uploadResponse.status }
         )
       }
 
-      const uploadData = await uploadResponse.json()
+      const uploadData = (await uploadResponse.json()) as MicrosoftGraphDriveItem
       logger.info(`[${requestId}] File uploaded successfully: ${fileName}`)
 
       uploadedFiles.push({

apps/sim/app/api/tools/slack/download/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import {
+  secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
+  validateUrlWithDNS,
+} from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
+import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+
+export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
+
+const logger = createLogger('SlackDownloadAPI')
+
+const SlackDownloadSchema = z.object({
+  accessToken: z.string().min(1, 'Access token is required'),
+  fileId: z.string().min(1, 'File ID is required'),
+  fileName: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+})
+
+export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
+  const requestId = generateRequestId()
+
+  try {
+    const authResult = await checkInternalAuth(request, { requireWorkflowId: false })
+
+    if (!authResult.success) {
+      logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Unauthorized Slack download attempt: ${authResult.error}`)
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: authResult.error || 'Authentication required',
+        },
+        { status: 401 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Authenticated Slack download request via ${authResult.authType}`, {
+      userId: authResult.userId,
+    })
+
+    const body = await request.json()
+    const validatedData = SlackDownloadSchema.parse(body)
+
+    const { accessToken, fileId, fileName } = validatedData
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Getting file info from Slack`, { fileId })
+
+    const infoResponse = await fetch(`https://slack.com/api/files.info?file=${fileId}`, {
+      method: 'GET',
+      headers: {
+        Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken}`,
+      },
+    })
+
+    if (!infoResponse.ok) {
+      const errorDetails = await infoResponse.json().catch(() => ({}))
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to get file info from Slack`, {
+        status: infoResponse.status,
+        statusText: infoResponse.statusText,
+        error: errorDetails,
+      })
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: errorDetails.error || 'Failed to get file info',
+        },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const data = await infoResponse.json()
+
+    if (!data.ok) {
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Slack API returned error`, { error: data.error })
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: data.error || 'Slack API error',
+        },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const file = data.file
+    const resolvedFileName = fileName || file.name || 'download'
+    const mimeType = file.mimetype || 'application/octet-stream'
+    const urlPrivate = file.url_private
+
+    if (!urlPrivate) {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: 'File does not have a download URL',
+        },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const urlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(urlPrivate, 'urlPrivate')
+    if (!urlValidation.isValid) {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: urlValidation.error,
+        },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Downloading file from Slack`, {
+      fileId,
+      fileName: resolvedFileName,
+      mimeType,
+    })
+
+    const downloadResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(urlPrivate, urlValidation.resolvedIP!, {
+      headers: {
+        Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken}`,
+      },
+    })
+
+    if (!downloadResponse.ok) {
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to download file content`, {
+        status: downloadResponse.status,
+        statusText: downloadResponse.statusText,
+      })
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: 'Failed to download file content',
+        },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const arrayBuffer = await downloadResponse.arrayBuffer()
+    const fileBuffer = Buffer.from(arrayBuffer)
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] File downloaded successfully`, {
+      fileId,
+      name: resolvedFileName,
+      size: fileBuffer.length,
+      mimeType,
+    })
+
+    const base64Data = fileBuffer.toString('base64')
+
+    return NextResponse.json({
+      success: true,
+      output: {
+        file: {
+          name: resolvedFileName,
+          mimeType,
+          data: base64Data,
+          size: fileBuffer.length,
+        },
+      },
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`[${requestId}] Error downloading Slack file:`, error)
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      {
+        success: false,
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error occurred',
+      },
+      { status: 500 }
+    )
+  }
+}

apps/sim/app/api/tools/slack/send-message/route.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { RawFileInputArraySchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
 import { sendSlackMessage } from '../utils'
 
 export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ const SlackSendMessageSchema = z
     userId: z.string().optional().nullable(),
     text: z.string().min(1, 'Message text is required'),
     thread_ts: z.string().optional().nullable(),
-    files: z.array(z.any()).optional().nullable(),
+    files: RawFileInputArraySchema.optional().nullable(),
   })
   .refine((data) => data.channel || data.userId, {
     message: 'Either channel or userId is required',

apps/sim/app/api/tools/slack/utils.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import type { Logger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { secureFetchWithValidation } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
 import { processFilesToUserFiles } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
+import type { ToolFileData } from '@/tools/types'
 
 /**
  * Sends a message to a Slack channel using chat.postMessage
@@ -70,9 +72,10 @@ export async function uploadFilesToSlack(
   accessToken: string,
   requestId: string,
   logger: Logger
-): Promise<string[]> {
+): Promise<{ fileIds: string[]; files: ToolFileData[] }> {
   const userFiles = processFilesToUserFiles(files, requestId, logger)
   const uploadedFileIds: string[] = []
+  const uploadedFiles: ToolFileData[] = []
 
   for (const userFile of userFiles) {
     logger.info(`[${requestId}] Uploading file: ${userFile.name}`)
@@ -100,10 +103,14 @@ export async function uploadFilesToSlack(
 
     logger.info(`[${requestId}] Got upload URL for ${userFile.name}, file_id: ${urlData.file_id}`)
 
-    const uploadResponse = await fetch(urlData.upload_url, {
+    const uploadResponse = await secureFetchWithValidation(
+      urlData.upload_url,
+      {
         method: 'POST',
-      body: new Uint8Array(buffer),
+        body: buffer,
-    })
+      },
+      'uploadUrl'
+    )
 
     if (!uploadResponse.ok) {
       logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to upload file data: ${uploadResponse.status}`)
@@ -112,9 +119,16 @@ export async function uploadFilesToSlack(
 
     logger.info(`[${requestId}] File data uploaded successfully`)
     uploadedFileIds.push(urlData.file_id)
+    // Only add to uploadedFiles after successful upload to keep arrays in sync
+    uploadedFiles.push({
+      name: userFile.name,
+      mimeType: userFile.type || 'application/octet-stream',
+      data: buffer.toString('base64'),
+      size: buffer.length,
+    })
   }
 
-  return uploadedFileIds
+  return { fileIds: uploadedFileIds, files: uploadedFiles }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -124,7 +138,8 @@ export async function completeSlackFileUpload(
   uploadedFileIds: string[],
   channel: string,
   text: string,
-  accessToken: string
+  accessToken: string,
+  threadTs?: string | null
 ): Promise<{ ok: boolean; files?: any[]; error?: string }> {
   const response = await fetch('https://slack.com/api/files.completeUploadExternal', {
     method: 'POST',
@@ -136,6 +151,7 @@ export async function completeSlackFileUpload(
       files: uploadedFileIds.map((id) => ({ id })),
       channel_id: channel,
       initial_comment: text,
+      ...(threadTs && { thread_ts: threadTs }),
     }),
   })
 
@@ -217,7 +233,13 @@ export async function sendSlackMessage(
   logger: Logger
 ): Promise<{
   success: boolean
-  output?: { message: any; ts: string; channel: string; fileCount?: number }
+  output?: {
+    message: any
+    ts: string
+    channel: string
+    fileCount?: number
+    files?: ToolFileData[]
+  }
   error?: string
 }> {
   const { accessToken, text, threadTs, files } = params
@@ -249,10 +271,15 @@ export async function sendSlackMessage(
 
   // Process files
   logger.info(`[${requestId}] Processing ${files.length} file(s)`)
-  const uploadedFileIds = await uploadFilesToSlack(files, accessToken, requestId, logger)
+  const { fileIds, files: uploadedFiles } = await uploadFilesToSlack(
+    files,
+    accessToken,
+    requestId,
+    logger
+  )
 
   // No valid files uploaded - send text-only
-  if (uploadedFileIds.length === 0) {
+  if (fileIds.length === 0) {
     logger.warn(`[${requestId}] No valid files to upload, sending text-only message`)
 
     const data = await postSlackMessage(accessToken, channel, text, threadTs)
@@ -264,8 +291,8 @@ export async function sendSlackMessage(
     return { success: true, output: formatMessageSuccessResponse(data, text) }
   }
 
-  // Complete file upload
+  // Complete file upload with thread support
-  const completeData = await completeSlackFileUpload(uploadedFileIds, channel, text, accessToken)
+  const completeData = await completeSlackFileUpload(fileIds, channel, text, accessToken, threadTs)
 
   if (!completeData.ok) {
     logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to complete upload:`, completeData.error)
@@ -282,7 +309,8 @@ export async function sendSlackMessage(
       message: fileMessage,
       ts: fileMessage.ts,
       channel,
-      fileCount: uploadedFileIds.length,
+      fileCount: fileIds.length,
+      files: uploadedFiles,
     },
   }
 }

apps/sim/app/api/tools/smtp/send/route.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import nodemailer from 'nodemailer'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { RawFileInputArraySchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
 import { processFilesToUserFiles } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ const SmtpSendSchema = z.object({
   cc: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   bcc: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   replyTo: z.string().optional().nullable(),
-  attachments: z.array(z.any()).optional().nullable(),
+  attachments: RawFileInputArraySchema.optional().nullable(),
 })
 
 export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {

apps/sim/app/api/tools/ssh/download-file/route.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import type { Client, SFTPWrapper } from 'ssh2'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { getFileExtension, getMimeTypeFromExtension } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import { createSSHConnection, sanitizePath } from '@/app/api/tools/ssh/utils'
 
 const logger = createLogger('SSHDownloadFileAPI')
@@ -79,6 +80,16 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
         })
       })
 
+      // Check file size limit (50MB to prevent memory exhaustion)
+      const maxSize = 50 * 1024 * 1024
+      if (stats.size > maxSize) {
+        const sizeMB = (stats.size / (1024 * 1024)).toFixed(2)
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          { error: `File size (${sizeMB}MB) exceeds download limit of 50MB` },
+          { status: 400 }
+        )
+      }
+
       // Read file content
       const content = await new Promise<Buffer>((resolve, reject) => {
         const chunks: Buffer[] = []
@@ -96,6 +107,8 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       })
 
       const fileName = path.basename(remotePath)
+      const extension = getFileExtension(fileName)
+      const mimeType = getMimeTypeFromExtension(extension)
 
       // Encode content as base64 for binary safety
       const base64Content = content.toString('base64')
@@ -104,6 +117,12 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
 
       return NextResponse.json({
         downloaded: true,
+        file: {
+          name: fileName,
+          mimeType,
+          data: base64Content,
+          size: stats.size,
+        },
         content: base64Content,
         fileName: fileName,
         remotePath: remotePath,

apps/sim/app/api/tools/stagehand/agent/route.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { env } from '@/lib/core/config/env'
+import { validateUrlWithDNS } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
 import { isSensitiveKey, REDACTED_MARKER } from '@/lib/core/security/redaction'
 import { ensureZodObject, normalizeUrl } from '@/app/api/tools/stagehand/utils'
 
@@ -123,6 +124,10 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
     const variablesObject = processVariables(params.variables)
 
     const startUrl = normalizeUrl(rawStartUrl)
+    const urlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(startUrl, 'startUrl')
+    if (!urlValidation.isValid) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: urlValidation.error }, { status: 400 })
+    }
 
     logger.info('Starting Stagehand agent process', {
       rawStartUrl,

apps/sim/app/api/tools/stagehand/extract/route.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { env } from '@/lib/core/config/env'
+import { validateUrlWithDNS } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
 import { ensureZodObject, normalizeUrl } from '@/app/api/tools/stagehand/utils'
 
 const logger = createLogger('StagehandExtractAPI')
@@ -51,6 +52,10 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
     const params = validationResult.data
     const { url: rawUrl, instruction, selector, provider, apiKey, schema } = params
     const url = normalizeUrl(rawUrl)
+    const urlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(url, 'url')
+    if (!urlValidation.isValid) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: urlValidation.error }, { status: 400 })
+    }
 
     logger.info('Starting Stagehand extraction process', {
       rawUrl,

apps/sim/app/api/tools/stt/route.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,16 @@ import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { extractAudioFromVideo, isVideoFile } from '@/lib/audio/extractor'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
-import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
+import { DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
+import {
+  secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
+  validateUrlWithDNS,
+} from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
+import { getMimeTypeFromExtension, isInternalFileUrl } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+import {
+  downloadFileFromStorage,
+  resolveInternalFileUrl,
+} from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
 import type { UserFile } from '@/executor/types'
 import type { TranscriptSegment } from '@/tools/stt/types'
 
@@ -45,6 +54,7 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 401 })
     }
 
+    const userId = authResult.userId
     const body: SttRequestBody = await request.json()
     const {
       provider,
@@ -72,13 +82,25 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
     let audioMimeType: string
 
     if (body.audioFile) {
+      if (Array.isArray(body.audioFile) && body.audioFile.length !== 1) {
+        return NextResponse.json({ error: 'audioFile must be a single file' }, { status: 400 })
+      }
       const file = Array.isArray(body.audioFile) ? body.audioFile[0] : body.audioFile
       logger.info(`[${requestId}] Processing uploaded file: ${file.name}`)
 
       audioBuffer = await downloadFileFromStorage(file, requestId, logger)
       audioFileName = file.name
-      audioMimeType = file.type
+      // file.type may be missing if the file came from a block that doesn't preserve it
+      // Infer from filename extension as fallback
+      const ext = file.name.split('.').pop()?.toLowerCase() || ''
+      audioMimeType = file.type || getMimeTypeFromExtension(ext)
     } else if (body.audioFileReference) {
+      if (Array.isArray(body.audioFileReference) && body.audioFileReference.length !== 1) {
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          { error: 'audioFileReference must be a single file' },
+          { status: 400 }
+        )
+      }
       const file = Array.isArray(body.audioFileReference)
         ? body.audioFileReference[0]
         : body.audioFileReference
@@ -86,18 +108,54 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
 
       audioBuffer = await downloadFileFromStorage(file, requestId, logger)
       audioFileName = file.name
-      audioMimeType = file.type
+
+      const ext = file.name.split('.').pop()?.toLowerCase() || ''
+      audioMimeType = file.type || getMimeTypeFromExtension(ext)
     } else if (body.audioUrl) {
       logger.info(`[${requestId}] Downloading from URL: ${body.audioUrl}`)
 
-      const response = await fetch(body.audioUrl)
+      let audioUrl = body.audioUrl.trim()
+      if (audioUrl.startsWith('/') && !isInternalFileUrl(audioUrl)) {
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          {
+            error: 'Invalid file path. Only uploaded files are supported for internal paths.',
+          },
+          { status: 400 }
+        )
+      }
+
+      if (isInternalFileUrl(audioUrl)) {
+        if (!userId) {
+          return NextResponse.json(
+            { error: 'Authentication required for internal file access' },
+            { status: 401 }
+          )
+        }
+        const resolution = await resolveInternalFileUrl(audioUrl, userId, requestId, logger)
+        if (resolution.error) {
+          return NextResponse.json(
+            { error: resolution.error.message },
+            { status: resolution.error.status }
+          )
+        }
+        audioUrl = resolution.fileUrl || audioUrl
+      }
+
+      const urlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(audioUrl, 'audioUrl')
+      if (!urlValidation.isValid) {
+        return NextResponse.json({ error: urlValidation.error }, { status: 400 })
+      }
+
+      const response = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(audioUrl, urlValidation.resolvedIP!, {
+        method: 'GET',
+      })
       if (!response.ok) {
         throw new Error(`Failed to download audio from URL: ${response.statusText}`)
       }
 
       const arrayBuffer = await response.arrayBuffer()
       audioBuffer = Buffer.from(arrayBuffer)
-      audioFileName = body.audioUrl.split('/').pop() || 'audio_file'
+      audioFileName = audioUrl.split('/').pop() || 'audio_file'
       audioMimeType = response.headers.get('content-type') || 'audio/mpeg'
     } else {
       return NextResponse.json(
@@ -149,7 +207,9 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
           translateToEnglish,
           model,
           body.prompt,
-          body.temperature
+          body.temperature,
+          audioMimeType,
+          audioFileName
         )
         transcript = result.transcript
         segments = result.segments
@@ -162,7 +222,8 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
           language,
           timestamps,
           diarization,
-          model
+          model,
+          audioMimeType
         )
         transcript = result.transcript
         segments = result.segments
@@ -252,7 +313,9 @@ async function transcribeWithWhisper(
   translate?: boolean,
   model?: string,
   prompt?: string,
-  temperature?: number
+  temperature?: number,
+  mimeType?: string,
+  fileName?: string
 ): Promise<{
   transcript: string
   segments?: TranscriptSegment[]
@@ -261,8 +324,11 @@ async function transcribeWithWhisper(
 }> {
   const formData = new FormData()
 
-  const blob = new Blob([new Uint8Array(audioBuffer)], { type: 'audio/mpeg' })
+  // Use actual MIME type and filename if provided
-  formData.append('file', blob, 'audio.mp3')
+  const actualMimeType = mimeType || 'audio/mpeg'
+  const actualFileName = fileName || 'audio.mp3'
+  const blob = new Blob([new Uint8Array(audioBuffer)], { type: actualMimeType })
+  formData.append('file', blob, actualFileName)
   formData.append('model', model || 'whisper-1')
 
   if (language && language !== 'auto') {
@@ -279,10 +345,11 @@ async function transcribeWithWhisper(
 
   formData.append('response_format', 'verbose_json')
 
+  // OpenAI API uses array notation for timestamp_granularities
   if (timestamps === 'word') {
-    formData.append('timestamp_granularities', 'word')
+    formData.append('timestamp_granularities[]', 'word')
   } else if (timestamps === 'sentence') {
-    formData.append('timestamp_granularities', 'segment')
+    formData.append('timestamp_granularities[]', 'segment')
   }
 
   const endpoint = translate ? 'translations' : 'transcriptions'
@@ -325,7 +392,8 @@ async function transcribeWithDeepgram(
   language?: string,
   timestamps?: 'none' | 'sentence' | 'word',
   diarization?: boolean,
-  model?: string
+  model?: string,
+  mimeType?: string
 ): Promise<{
   transcript: string
   segments?: TranscriptSegment[]
@@ -357,7 +425,7 @@ async function transcribeWithDeepgram(
     method: 'POST',
     headers: {
       Authorization: `Token ${apiKey}`,
-      'Content-Type': 'audio/mpeg',
+      'Content-Type': mimeType || 'audio/mpeg',
     },
     body: new Uint8Array(audioBuffer),
   })
@@ -513,7 +581,8 @@ async function transcribeWithAssemblyAI(
     audio_url: upload_url,
   }
 
-  if (model === 'best' || model === 'nano') {
+  // AssemblyAI supports 'best', 'slam-1', or 'universal' for speech_model
+  if (model === 'best' || model === 'slam-1' || model === 'universal') {
     transcriptRequest.speech_model = model
   }
 
@@ -568,7 +637,8 @@ async function transcribeWithAssemblyAI(
 
   let transcript: any
   let attempts = 0
-  const maxAttempts = 60 // 5 minutes with 5-second intervals
+  const pollIntervalMs = 5000
+  const maxAttempts = Math.ceil(DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS / pollIntervalMs)
 
   while (attempts < maxAttempts) {
     const statusResponse = await fetch(`https://api.assemblyai.com/v2/transcript/${id}`, {

apps/sim/app/api/tools/supabase/storage-upload/route.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { FileInputSchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
 import { processSingleFileToUserFile } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ const SupabaseStorageUploadSchema = z.object({
   bucket: z.string().min(1, 'Bucket name is required'),
   fileName: z.string().min(1, 'File name is required'),
   path: z.string().optional().nullable(),
-  fileData: z.any(),
+  fileData: FileInputSchema,
   contentType: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   upsert: z.boolean().optional().default(false),
 })

apps/sim/app/api/tools/telegram/send-document/route.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { RawFileInputArraySchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
 import { processFilesToUserFiles } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
 import { convertMarkdownToHTML } from '@/tools/telegram/utils'
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ const logger = createLogger('TelegramSendDocumentAPI')
 const TelegramSendDocumentSchema = z.object({
   botToken: z.string().min(1, 'Bot token is required'),
   chatId: z.string().min(1, 'Chat ID is required'),
-  files: z.array(z.any()).optional().nullable(),
+  files: RawFileInputArraySchema.optional().nullable(),
   caption: z.string().optional().nullable(),
 })
 
@@ -93,6 +94,14 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
     logger.info(`[${requestId}] Uploading document: ${userFile.name}`)
 
     const buffer = await downloadFileFromStorage(userFile, requestId, logger)
+    const filesOutput = [
+      {
+        name: userFile.name,
+        mimeType: userFile.type || 'application/octet-stream',
+        data: buffer.toString('base64'),
+        size: buffer.length,
+      },
+    ]
 
     logger.info(`[${requestId}] Downloaded file: ${buffer.length} bytes`)
 
@@ -135,6 +144,7 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       output: {
         message: 'Document sent successfully',
         data: data.result,
+        files: filesOutput,
       },
     })
   } catch (error) {

apps/sim/app/api/tools/textract/parse/route.ts

@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@ import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
+import { validateAwsRegion, validateS3BucketName } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation'
 import {
-  validateAwsRegion,
+  secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
-  validateExternalUrl,
+  validateUrlWithDNS,
-  validateS3BucketName,
+} from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
-} from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
-import { StorageService } from '@/lib/uploads'
+import { RawFileInputSchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
+import { isInternalFileUrl, processSingleFileToUserFile } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
 import {
-  extractStorageKey,
+  downloadFileFromStorage,
-  inferContextFromKey,
+  resolveInternalFileUrl,
-  isInternalFileUrl,
+} from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
-} from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
-import { verifyFileAccess } from '@/app/api/files/authorization'
 
 export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
 export const maxDuration = 300 // 5 minutes for large multi-page PDF processing
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ const TextractParseSchema = z
     region: z.string().min(1, 'AWS region is required'),
     processingMode: z.enum(['sync', 'async']).optional().default('sync'),
     filePath: z.string().optional(),
+    file: RawFileInputSchema.optional(),
     s3Uri: z.string().optional(),
     featureTypes: z
       .array(z.enum(['TABLES', 'FORMS', 'QUERIES', 'SIGNATURES', 'LAYOUT']))
@@ -50,6 +51,20 @@ const TextractParseSchema = z
         path: ['region'],
       })
     }
+    if (data.processingMode === 'async' && !data.s3Uri) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: 'S3 URI is required for multi-page processing (s3://bucket/key)',
+        path: ['s3Uri'],
+      })
+    }
+    if (data.processingMode !== 'async' && !data.file && !data.filePath) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        message: 'File input is required for single-page processing',
+        path: ['filePath'],
+      })
+    }
   })
 
 function getSignatureKey(
@@ -111,7 +126,14 @@ function signAwsRequest(
 }
 
 async function fetchDocumentBytes(url: string): Promise<{ bytes: string; contentType: string }> {
-  const response = await fetch(url)
+  const urlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(url, 'Document URL')
+  if (!urlValidation.isValid) {
+    throw new Error(urlValidation.error || 'Invalid document URL')
+  }
+
+  const response = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(url, urlValidation.resolvedIP!, {
+    method: 'GET',
+  })
   if (!response.ok) {
     throw new Error(`Failed to fetch document: ${response.statusText}`)
   }
@@ -205,8 +227,8 @@ async function pollForJobCompletion(
   useAnalyzeDocument: boolean,
   requestId: string
 ): Promise<Record<string, unknown>> {
-  const pollIntervalMs = 5000 // 5 seconds between polls
+  const pollIntervalMs = 5000
-  const maxPollTimeMs = 180000 // 3 minutes maximum polling time
+  const maxPollTimeMs = DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS
   const maxAttempts = Math.ceil(maxPollTimeMs / pollIntervalMs)
 
   const getTarget = useAnalyzeDocument
@@ -318,8 +340,8 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
 
     logger.info(`[${requestId}] Textract parse request`, {
       processingMode,
-      filePath: validatedData.filePath?.substring(0, 50),
+      hasFile: Boolean(validatedData.file),
-      s3Uri: validatedData.s3Uri?.substring(0, 50),
+      hasS3Uri: Boolean(validatedData.s3Uri),
       featureTypes,
       userId,
     })
@@ -414,59 +436,49 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       })
     }
 
-    if (!validatedData.filePath) {
+    let bytes = ''
+    let contentType = 'application/octet-stream'
+    let isPdf = false
+
+    if (validatedData.file) {
+      let userFile
+      try {
+        userFile = processSingleFileToUserFile(validatedData.file, requestId, logger)
+      } catch (error) {
         return NextResponse.json(
           {
             success: false,
-          error: 'File path is required for single-page processing',
+            error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to process file',
           },
           { status: 400 }
         )
       }
 
+      const buffer = await downloadFileFromStorage(userFile, requestId, logger)
+      bytes = buffer.toString('base64')
+      contentType = userFile.type || 'application/octet-stream'
+      isPdf = contentType.includes('pdf') || userFile.name?.toLowerCase().endsWith('.pdf')
+    } else if (validatedData.filePath) {
       let fileUrl = validatedData.filePath
 
-    const isInternalFilePath = validatedData.filePath && isInternalFileUrl(validatedData.filePath)
+      const isInternalFilePath = isInternalFileUrl(fileUrl)
 
       if (isInternalFilePath) {
-      try {
+        const resolution = await resolveInternalFileUrl(fileUrl, userId, requestId, logger)
-        const storageKey = extractStorageKey(validatedData.filePath)
+        if (resolution.error) {
-        const context = inferContextFromKey(storageKey)
-
-        const hasAccess = await verifyFileAccess(storageKey, userId, undefined, context, false)
-
-        if (!hasAccess) {
-          logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Unauthorized presigned URL generation attempt`, {
-            userId,
-            key: storageKey,
-            context,
-          })
           return NextResponse.json(
             {
               success: false,
-              error: 'File not found',
+              error: resolution.error.message,
             },
-            { status: 404 }
+            { status: resolution.error.status }
           )
         }
-
+        fileUrl = resolution.fileUrl || fileUrl
-        fileUrl = await StorageService.generatePresignedDownloadUrl(storageKey, context, 5 * 60)
+      } else if (fileUrl.startsWith('/')) {
-        logger.info(`[${requestId}] Generated presigned URL for ${context} file`)
-      } catch (error) {
-        logger.error(`[${requestId}] Failed to generate presigned URL:`, error)
-        return NextResponse.json(
-          {
-            success: false,
-            error: 'Failed to generate file access URL',
-          },
-          { status: 500 }
-        )
-      }
-    } else if (validatedData.filePath?.startsWith('/')) {
-      // Reject arbitrary absolute paths that don't contain /api/files/serve/
         logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Invalid internal path`, {
           userId,
-        path: validatedData.filePath.substring(0, 50),
+          path: fileUrl.substring(0, 50),
         })
         return NextResponse.json(
           {
@@ -476,7 +488,7 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
           { status: 400 }
         )
       } else {
-      const urlValidation = validateExternalUrl(fileUrl, 'Document URL')
+        const urlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(fileUrl, 'Document URL')
         if (!urlValidation.isValid) {
           logger.warn(`[${requestId}] SSRF attempt blocked`, {
             userId,
@@ -493,10 +505,19 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
         }
       }
 
-    const { bytes, contentType } = await fetchDocumentBytes(fileUrl)
+      const fetched = await fetchDocumentBytes(fileUrl)
-
+      bytes = fetched.bytes
-    // Track if this is a PDF for better error messaging
+      contentType = fetched.contentType
-    const isPdf = contentType.includes('pdf') || fileUrl.toLowerCase().endsWith('.pdf')
+      isPdf = contentType.includes('pdf') || fileUrl.toLowerCase().endsWith('.pdf')
+    } else {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: 'File input is required for single-page processing',
+        },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
 
     const uri = '/'
 

apps/sim/app/api/tools/tts/route.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import type { NextRequest } from 'next/server'
 import { NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { validateAlphanumericId } from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation'
 import { getBaseUrl } from '@/lib/core/utils/urls'
 import { StorageService } from '@/lib/uploads'
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
         text,
         model_id: modelId,
       }),
-      signal: AbortSignal.timeout(60000),
+      signal: AbortSignal.timeout(DEFAULT_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT_MS),
     })
 
     if (!response.ok) {

apps/sim/app/api/tools/twilio/get-recording/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import {
+  secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
+  validateUrlWithDNS,
+} from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
+import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { getExtensionFromMimeType } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+
+export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
+
+const logger = createLogger('TwilioGetRecordingAPI')
+
+interface TwilioRecordingResponse {
+  sid?: string
+  call_sid?: string
+  duration?: string
+  status?: string
+  channels?: number
+  source?: string
+  price?: string
+  price_unit?: string
+  uri?: string
+  error_code?: number
+  message?: string
+  error_message?: string
+}
+
+interface TwilioErrorResponse {
+  message?: string
+}
+
+interface TwilioTranscription {
+  transcription_text?: string
+  status?: string
+  price?: string
+  price_unit?: string
+}
+
+interface TwilioTranscriptionsResponse {
+  transcriptions?: TwilioTranscription[]
+}
+
+const TwilioGetRecordingSchema = z.object({
+  accountSid: z.string().min(1, 'Account SID is required'),
+  authToken: z.string().min(1, 'Auth token is required'),
+  recordingSid: z.string().min(1, 'Recording SID is required'),
+})
+
+export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
+  const requestId = generateRequestId()
+
+  try {
+    const authResult = await checkInternalAuth(request, { requireWorkflowId: false })
+
+    if (!authResult.success) {
+      logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Unauthorized Twilio get recording attempt: ${authResult.error}`)
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: authResult.error || 'Authentication required',
+        },
+        { status: 401 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const body = await request.json()
+    const validatedData = TwilioGetRecordingSchema.parse(body)
+
+    const { accountSid, authToken, recordingSid } = validatedData
+
+    if (!accountSid.startsWith('AC')) {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: `Invalid Account SID format. Account SID must start with "AC" (you provided: ${accountSid.substring(0, 2)}...)`,
+        },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const twilioAuth = Buffer.from(`${accountSid}:${authToken}`).toString('base64')
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Getting recording info from Twilio`, { recordingSid })
+
+    const infoUrl = `https://api.twilio.com/2010-04-01/Accounts/${accountSid}/Recordings/${recordingSid}.json`
+    const infoUrlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(infoUrl, 'infoUrl')
+    if (!infoUrlValidation.isValid) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ success: false, error: infoUrlValidation.error }, { status: 400 })
+    }
+
+    const infoResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(infoUrl, infoUrlValidation.resolvedIP!, {
+      method: 'GET',
+      headers: { Authorization: `Basic ${twilioAuth}` },
+    })
+
+    if (!infoResponse.ok) {
+      const errorData = (await infoResponse.json().catch(() => ({}))) as TwilioErrorResponse
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Twilio API error`, {
+        status: infoResponse.status,
+        error: errorData,
+      })
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: errorData.message || `Twilio API error: ${infoResponse.status}` },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const data = (await infoResponse.json()) as TwilioRecordingResponse
+
+    if (data.error_code) {
+      return NextResponse.json({
+        success: false,
+        output: {
+          success: false,
+          error: data.message || data.error_message || 'Failed to retrieve recording',
+        },
+        error: data.message || data.error_message || 'Failed to retrieve recording',
+      })
+    }
+
+    const baseUrl = 'https://api.twilio.com'
+    const mediaUrl = data.uri ? `${baseUrl}${data.uri.replace('.json', '')}` : undefined
+
+    let transcriptionText: string | undefined
+    let transcriptionStatus: string | undefined
+    let transcriptionPrice: string | undefined
+    let transcriptionPriceUnit: string | undefined
+    let file:
+      | {
+          name: string
+          mimeType: string
+          data: string
+          size: number
+        }
+      | undefined
+
+    try {
+      const transcriptionUrl = `https://api.twilio.com/2010-04-01/Accounts/${accountSid}/Transcriptions.json?RecordingSid=${data.sid}`
+      logger.info(`[${requestId}] Checking for transcriptions`)
+
+      const transcriptionUrlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(
+        transcriptionUrl,
+        'transcriptionUrl'
+      )
+      if (transcriptionUrlValidation.isValid) {
+        const transcriptionResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(
+          transcriptionUrl,
+          transcriptionUrlValidation.resolvedIP!,
+          {
+            method: 'GET',
+            headers: { Authorization: `Basic ${twilioAuth}` },
+          }
+        )
+
+        if (transcriptionResponse.ok) {
+          const transcriptionData =
+            (await transcriptionResponse.json()) as TwilioTranscriptionsResponse
+
+          if (transcriptionData.transcriptions && transcriptionData.transcriptions.length > 0) {
+            const transcription = transcriptionData.transcriptions[0]
+            transcriptionText = transcription.transcription_text
+            transcriptionStatus = transcription.status
+            transcriptionPrice = transcription.price
+            transcriptionPriceUnit = transcription.price_unit
+            logger.info(`[${requestId}] Transcription found`, {
+              status: transcriptionStatus,
+              textLength: transcriptionText?.length,
+            })
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Failed to fetch transcription:`, error)
+    }
+
+    if (mediaUrl) {
+      try {
+        const mediaUrlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(mediaUrl, 'mediaUrl')
+        if (mediaUrlValidation.isValid) {
+          const mediaResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(
+            mediaUrl,
+            mediaUrlValidation.resolvedIP!,
+            {
+              method: 'GET',
+              headers: { Authorization: `Basic ${twilioAuth}` },
+            }
+          )
+
+          if (mediaResponse.ok) {
+            const contentType =
+              mediaResponse.headers.get('content-type') || 'application/octet-stream'
+            const extension = getExtensionFromMimeType(contentType) || 'dat'
+            const arrayBuffer = await mediaResponse.arrayBuffer()
+            const buffer = Buffer.from(arrayBuffer)
+            const fileName = `${data.sid || recordingSid}.${extension}`
+
+            file = {
+              name: fileName,
+              mimeType: contentType,
+              data: buffer.toString('base64'),
+              size: buffer.length,
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Failed to download recording media:`, error)
+      }
+    }
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Twilio recording fetched successfully`, {
+      recordingSid: data.sid,
+      hasFile: !!file,
+      hasTranscription: !!transcriptionText,
+    })
+
+    return NextResponse.json({
+      success: true,
+      output: {
+        success: true,
+        recordingSid: data.sid,
+        callSid: data.call_sid,
+        duration: data.duration ? Number.parseInt(data.duration, 10) : undefined,
+        status: data.status,
+        channels: data.channels,
+        source: data.source,
+        mediaUrl,
+        file,
+        price: data.price,
+        priceUnit: data.price_unit,
+        uri: data.uri,
+        transcriptionText,
+        transcriptionStatus,
+        transcriptionPrice,
+        transcriptionPriceUnit,
+      },
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`[${requestId}] Error fetching Twilio recording:`, error)
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      {
+        success: false,
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error occurred',
+      },
+      { status: 500 }
+    )
+  }
+}

apps/sim/app/api/tools/video/route.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { getMaxExecutionTimeout } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
 import type { UserFile } from '@/executor/types'
 import type { VideoRequestBody } from '@/tools/video/types'
@@ -326,11 +327,12 @@ async function generateWithRunway(
 
   logger.info(`[${requestId}] Runway task created: ${taskId}`)
 
-  const maxAttempts = 120 // 10 minutes with 5-second intervals
+  const pollIntervalMs = 5000
+  const maxAttempts = Math.ceil(getMaxExecutionTimeout() / pollIntervalMs)
   let attempts = 0
 
   while (attempts < maxAttempts) {
-    await sleep(5000) // Poll every 5 seconds
+    await sleep(pollIntervalMs)
 
     const statusResponse = await fetch(`https://api.dev.runwayml.com/v1/tasks/${taskId}`, {
       headers: {
@@ -370,7 +372,7 @@ async function generateWithRunway(
     attempts++
   }
 
-  throw new Error('Runway generation timed out after 10 minutes')
+  throw new Error('Runway generation timed out')
 }
 
 async function generateWithVeo(
@@ -429,11 +431,12 @@ async function generateWithVeo(
 
   logger.info(`[${requestId}] Veo operation created: ${operationName}`)
 
-  const maxAttempts = 60 // 5 minutes with 5-second intervals
+  const pollIntervalMs = 5000
+  const maxAttempts = Math.ceil(getMaxExecutionTimeout() / pollIntervalMs)
   let attempts = 0
 
   while (attempts < maxAttempts) {
-    await sleep(5000)
+    await sleep(pollIntervalMs)
 
     const statusResponse = await fetch(
       `https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/${operationName}`,
@@ -485,7 +488,7 @@ async function generateWithVeo(
     attempts++
   }
 
-  throw new Error('Veo generation timed out after 5 minutes')
+  throw new Error('Veo generation timed out')
 }
 
 async function generateWithLuma(
@@ -541,11 +544,12 @@ async function generateWithLuma(
 
   logger.info(`[${requestId}] Luma generation created: ${generationId}`)
 
-  const maxAttempts = 120 // 10 minutes
+  const pollIntervalMs = 5000
+  const maxAttempts = Math.ceil(getMaxExecutionTimeout() / pollIntervalMs)
   let attempts = 0
 
   while (attempts < maxAttempts) {
-    await sleep(5000)
+    await sleep(pollIntervalMs)
 
     const statusResponse = await fetch(
       `https://api.lumalabs.ai/dream-machine/v1/generations/${generationId}`,
@@ -592,7 +596,7 @@ async function generateWithLuma(
     attempts++
   }
 
-  throw new Error('Luma generation timed out after 10 minutes')
+  throw new Error('Luma generation timed out')
 }
 
 async function generateWithMiniMax(
@@ -658,14 +662,13 @@ async function generateWithMiniMax(
 
   logger.info(`[${requestId}] MiniMax task created: ${taskId}`)
 
-  // Poll for completion (6-10 minutes typical)
+  const pollIntervalMs = 5000
-  const maxAttempts = 120 // 10 minutes with 5-second intervals
+  const maxAttempts = Math.ceil(getMaxExecutionTimeout() / pollIntervalMs)
   let attempts = 0
 
   while (attempts < maxAttempts) {
-    await sleep(5000)
+    await sleep(pollIntervalMs)
 
-    // Query task status
     const statusResponse = await fetch(
       `https://api.minimax.io/v1/query/video_generation?task_id=${taskId}`,
       {
@@ -743,7 +746,7 @@ async function generateWithMiniMax(
     attempts++
   }
 
-  throw new Error('MiniMax generation timed out after 10 minutes')
+  throw new Error('MiniMax generation timed out')
 }
 
 // Helper function to strip subpaths from Fal.ai model IDs for status/result endpoints
@@ -861,11 +864,12 @@ async function generateWithFalAI(
   // Get base model ID (without subpath) for status and result endpoints
   const baseModelId = getBaseModelId(falModelId)
 
-  const maxAttempts = 96 // 8 minutes with 5-second intervals
+  const pollIntervalMs = 5000
+  const maxAttempts = Math.ceil(getMaxExecutionTimeout() / pollIntervalMs)
   let attempts = 0
 
   while (attempts < maxAttempts) {
-    await sleep(5000)
+    await sleep(pollIntervalMs)
 
     const statusResponse = await fetch(
       `https://queue.fal.run/${baseModelId}/requests/${requestIdFal}/status`,
@@ -938,7 +942,7 @@ async function generateWithFalAI(
     attempts++
   }
 
-  throw new Error('Fal.ai generation timed out after 8 minutes')
+  throw new Error('Fal.ai generation timed out')
 }
 
 function getVideoDimensions(

apps/sim/app/api/tools/vision/analyze/route.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,20 @@
+import { GoogleGenAI } from '@google/genai'
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import {
+  secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
+  validateUrlWithDNS,
+} from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
-import { processSingleFileToUserFile } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+import { RawFileInputSchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
-import { downloadFileFromStorage } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
+import { isInternalFileUrl, processSingleFileToUserFile } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+import {
+  downloadFileFromStorage,
+  resolveInternalFileUrl,
+} from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils.server'
+import { convertUsageMetadata, extractTextContent } from '@/providers/google/utils'
 
 export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
 
@@ -13,8 +23,8 @@ const logger = createLogger('VisionAnalyzeAPI')
 const VisionAnalyzeSchema = z.object({
   apiKey: z.string().min(1, 'API key is required'),
   imageUrl: z.string().optional().nullable(),
-  imageFile: z.any().optional().nullable(),
+  imageFile: RawFileInputSchema.optional().nullable(),
-  model: z.string().optional().default('gpt-4o'),
+  model: z.string().optional().default('gpt-5.2'),
   prompt: z.string().optional().nullable(),
 })
 
@@ -39,6 +49,7 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
       userId: authResult.userId,
     })
 
+    const userId = authResult.userId
     const body = await request.json()
     const validatedData = VisionAnalyzeSchema.parse(body)
 
@@ -77,18 +88,72 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
         )
       }
 
+      let base64 = userFile.base64
+      let bufferLength = 0
+      if (!base64) {
         const buffer = await downloadFileFromStorage(userFile, requestId, logger)
-
+        base64 = buffer.toString('base64')
-      const base64 = buffer.toString('base64')
+        bufferLength = buffer.length
+      }
       const mimeType = userFile.type || 'image/jpeg'
       imageSource = `data:${mimeType};base64,${base64}`
-      logger.info(`[${requestId}] Converted image to base64 (${buffer.length} bytes)`)
+      if (bufferLength > 0) {
+        logger.info(`[${requestId}] Converted image to base64 (${bufferLength} bytes)`)
+      }
+    }
+
+    let imageUrlValidation: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof validateUrlWithDNS>> | null = null
+    if (imageSource && !imageSource.startsWith('data:')) {
+      if (imageSource.startsWith('/') && !isInternalFileUrl(imageSource)) {
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          {
+            success: false,
+            error: 'Invalid file path. Only uploaded files are supported for internal paths.',
+          },
+          { status: 400 }
+        )
+      }
+
+      if (isInternalFileUrl(imageSource)) {
+        if (!userId) {
+          return NextResponse.json(
+            {
+              success: false,
+              error: 'Authentication required for internal file access',
+            },
+            { status: 401 }
+          )
+        }
+        const resolution = await resolveInternalFileUrl(imageSource, userId, requestId, logger)
+        if (resolution.error) {
+          return NextResponse.json(
+            {
+              success: false,
+              error: resolution.error.message,
+            },
+            { status: resolution.error.status }
+          )
+        }
+        imageSource = resolution.fileUrl || imageSource
+      }
+
+      imageUrlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(imageSource, 'imageUrl')
+      if (!imageUrlValidation.isValid) {
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          {
+            success: false,
+            error: imageUrlValidation.error,
+          },
+          { status: 400 }
+        )
+      }
     }
 
     const defaultPrompt = 'Please analyze this image and describe what you see in detail.'
     const prompt = validatedData.prompt || defaultPrompt
 
-    const isClaude = validatedData.model.startsWith('claude-3')
+    const isClaude = validatedData.model.startsWith('claude-')
+    const isGemini = validatedData.model.startsWith('gemini-')
     const apiUrl = isClaude
       ? 'https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages'
       : 'https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions'
@@ -106,6 +171,72 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
 
     let requestBody: any
 
+    if (isGemini) {
+      let base64Payload = imageSource
+      if (!base64Payload.startsWith('data:')) {
+        const urlValidation =
+          imageUrlValidation || (await validateUrlWithDNS(base64Payload, 'imageUrl'))
+        if (!urlValidation.isValid) {
+          return NextResponse.json({ success: false, error: urlValidation.error }, { status: 400 })
+        }
+
+        const response = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(base64Payload, urlValidation.resolvedIP!, {
+          method: 'GET',
+        })
+        if (!response.ok) {
+          return NextResponse.json(
+            { success: false, error: 'Failed to fetch image for Gemini' },
+            { status: 400 }
+          )
+        }
+        const contentType =
+          response.headers.get('content-type') || validatedData.imageFile?.type || 'image/jpeg'
+        const arrayBuffer = await response.arrayBuffer()
+        const base64 = Buffer.from(arrayBuffer).toString('base64')
+        base64Payload = `data:${contentType};base64,${base64}`
+      }
+      const base64Marker = ';base64,'
+      const markerIndex = base64Payload.indexOf(base64Marker)
+      if (!base64Payload.startsWith('data:') || markerIndex === -1) {
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          { success: false, error: 'Invalid base64 image format' },
+          { status: 400 }
+        )
+      }
+      const rawMimeType = base64Payload.slice('data:'.length, markerIndex)
+      const mediaType = rawMimeType.split(';')[0] || 'image/jpeg'
+      const base64Data = base64Payload.slice(markerIndex + base64Marker.length)
+      if (!base64Data) {
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          { success: false, error: 'Invalid base64 image format' },
+          { status: 400 }
+        )
+      }
+
+      const ai = new GoogleGenAI({ apiKey: validatedData.apiKey })
+      const geminiResponse = await ai.models.generateContent({
+        model: validatedData.model,
+        contents: [
+          {
+            role: 'user',
+            parts: [{ text: prompt }, { inlineData: { mimeType: mediaType, data: base64Data } }],
+          },
+        ],
+      })
+
+      const content = extractTextContent(geminiResponse.candidates?.[0])
+      const usage = convertUsageMetadata(geminiResponse.usageMetadata)
+
+      return NextResponse.json({
+        success: true,
+        output: {
+          content,
+          model: validatedData.model,
+          tokens: usage.totalTokenCount || undefined,
+        },
+      })
+    }
+
     if (isClaude) {
       if (imageSource.startsWith('data:')) {
         const base64Match = imageSource.match(/^data:([^;]+);base64,(.+)$/)
@@ -172,7 +303,7 @@ export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
             ],
           },
         ],
-        max_tokens: 1000,
+        max_completion_tokens: 1000,
       }
     }
 

apps/sim/app/api/tools/wordpress/upload/route.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { RawFileInputSchema } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-schemas'
 import {
   getFileExtension,
   getMimeTypeFromExtension,
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ const WORDPRESS_COM_API_BASE = 'https://public-api.wordpress.com/wp/v2/sites'
 const WordPressUploadSchema = z.object({
   accessToken: z.string().min(1, 'Access token is required'),
   siteId: z.string().min(1, 'Site ID is required'),
-  file: z.any().optional().nullable(),
+  file: RawFileInputSchema.optional().nullable(),
   filename: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   title: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   caption: z.string().optional().nullable(),

apps/sim/app/api/tools/zoom/get-recordings/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
+import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+import { checkInternalAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import {
+  secureFetchWithPinnedIP,
+  validateUrlWithDNS,
+} from '@/lib/core/security/input-validation.server'
+import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
+import { getExtensionFromMimeType } from '@/lib/uploads/utils/file-utils'
+
+export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
+
+const logger = createLogger('ZoomGetRecordingsAPI')
+
+interface ZoomRecordingFile {
+  id?: string
+  meeting_id?: string
+  recording_start?: string
+  recording_end?: string
+  file_type?: string
+  file_extension?: string
+  file_size?: number
+  play_url?: string
+  download_url?: string
+  status?: string
+  recording_type?: string
+}
+
+interface ZoomRecordingsResponse {
+  uuid?: string
+  id?: string | number
+  account_id?: string
+  host_id?: string
+  topic?: string
+  type?: number
+  start_time?: string
+  duration?: number
+  total_size?: number
+  recording_count?: number
+  share_url?: string
+  recording_files?: ZoomRecordingFile[]
+}
+
+interface ZoomErrorResponse {
+  message?: string
+  code?: number
+}
+
+const ZoomGetRecordingsSchema = z.object({
+  accessToken: z.string().min(1, 'Access token is required'),
+  meetingId: z.string().min(1, 'Meeting ID is required'),
+  includeFolderItems: z.boolean().optional(),
+  ttl: z.number().optional(),
+  downloadFiles: z.boolean().optional().default(false),
+})
+
+export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
+  const requestId = generateRequestId()
+
+  try {
+    const authResult = await checkInternalAuth(request, { requireWorkflowId: false })
+
+    if (!authResult.success) {
+      logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Unauthorized Zoom get recordings attempt: ${authResult.error}`)
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        {
+          success: false,
+          error: authResult.error || 'Authentication required',
+        },
+        { status: 401 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const body = await request.json()
+    const validatedData = ZoomGetRecordingsSchema.parse(body)
+
+    const { accessToken, meetingId, includeFolderItems, ttl, downloadFiles } = validatedData
+
+    const baseUrl = `https://api.zoom.us/v2/meetings/${encodeURIComponent(meetingId)}/recordings`
+    const queryParams = new URLSearchParams()
+
+    if (includeFolderItems != null) {
+      queryParams.append('include_folder_items', String(includeFolderItems))
+    }
+    if (ttl) {
+      queryParams.append('ttl', String(ttl))
+    }
+
+    const queryString = queryParams.toString()
+    const apiUrl = queryString ? `${baseUrl}?${queryString}` : baseUrl
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Fetching recordings from Zoom`, { meetingId })
+
+    const urlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(apiUrl, 'apiUrl')
+    if (!urlValidation.isValid) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ success: false, error: urlValidation.error }, { status: 400 })
+    }
+
+    const response = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(apiUrl, urlValidation.resolvedIP!, {
+      method: 'GET',
+      headers: {
+        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+        Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken}`,
+      },
+    })
+
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      const errorData = (await response.json().catch(() => ({}))) as ZoomErrorResponse
+      logger.error(`[${requestId}] Zoom API error`, {
+        status: response.status,
+        error: errorData,
+      })
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { success: false, error: errorData.message || `Zoom API error: ${response.status}` },
+        { status: 400 }
+      )
+    }
+
+    const data = (await response.json()) as ZoomRecordingsResponse
+    const files: Array<{
+      name: string
+      mimeType: string
+      data: string
+      size: number
+    }> = []
+
+    if (downloadFiles && Array.isArray(data.recording_files)) {
+      for (const file of data.recording_files) {
+        if (!file?.download_url) continue
+
+        try {
+          const fileUrlValidation = await validateUrlWithDNS(file.download_url, 'downloadUrl')
+          if (!fileUrlValidation.isValid) continue
+
+          const downloadResponse = await secureFetchWithPinnedIP(
+            file.download_url,
+            fileUrlValidation.resolvedIP!,
+            {
+              method: 'GET',
+              headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken}` },
+            }
+          )
+
+          if (!downloadResponse.ok) continue
+
+          const contentType =
+            downloadResponse.headers.get('content-type') || 'application/octet-stream'
+          const arrayBuffer = await downloadResponse.arrayBuffer()
+          const buffer = Buffer.from(arrayBuffer)
+          const extension =
+            file.file_extension?.toString().toLowerCase() ||
+            getExtensionFromMimeType(contentType) ||
+            'dat'
+          const fileName = `zoom-recording-${file.id || file.recording_start || Date.now()}.${extension}`
+
+          files.push({
+            name: fileName,
+            mimeType: contentType,
+            data: buffer.toString('base64'),
+            size: buffer.length,
+          })
+        } catch (error) {
+          logger.warn(`[${requestId}] Failed to download recording file:`, error)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    logger.info(`[${requestId}] Zoom recordings fetched successfully`, {
+      recordingCount: data.recording_files?.length || 0,
+      downloadedCount: files.length,
+    })
+
+    return NextResponse.json({
+      success: true,
+      output: {
+        recording: {
+          uuid: data.uuid,
+          id: data.id,
+          account_id: data.account_id,
+          host_id: data.host_id,
+          topic: data.topic,
+          type: data.type,
+          start_time: data.start_time,
+          duration: data.duration,
+          total_size: data.total_size,
+          recording_count: data.recording_count,
+          share_url: data.share_url,
+          recording_files: (data.recording_files || []).map((file: ZoomRecordingFile) => ({
+            id: file.id,
+            meeting_id: file.meeting_id,
+            recording_start: file.recording_start,
+            recording_end: file.recording_end,
+            file_type: file.file_type,
+            file_extension: file.file_extension,
+            file_size: file.file_size,
+            play_url: file.play_url,
+            download_url: file.download_url,
+            status: file.status,
+            recording_type: file.recording_type,
+          })),
+        },
+        files: files.length > 0 ? files : undefined,
+      },
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`[${requestId}] Error fetching Zoom recordings:`, error)
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      {
+        success: false,
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error occurred',
+      },
+      { status: 500 }
+    )
+  }
+}

apps/sim/app/api/workflows/[id]/execute-from-block/route.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkHybridAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
+import { getTimeoutErrorMessage, isTimeoutError } from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
 import { SSE_HEADERS } from '@/lib/core/utils/sse'
 import { markExecutionCancelled } from '@/lib/execution/cancellation'
@@ -116,6 +117,16 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
     const loggingSession = new LoggingSession(workflowId, executionId, 'manual', requestId)
     const abortController = new AbortController()
     let isStreamClosed = false
+    let isTimedOut = false
+
+    const syncTimeout = preprocessResult.executionTimeout?.sync
+    let timeoutId: NodeJS.Timeout | undefined
+    if (syncTimeout) {
+      timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
+        isTimedOut = true
+        abortController.abort()
+      }, syncTimeout)
+    }
 
     const stream = new ReadableStream<Uint8Array>({
       async start(controller) {
@@ -167,6 +178,25 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
           })
 
           if (result.status === 'cancelled') {
+            if (isTimedOut && syncTimeout) {
+              const timeoutErrorMessage = getTimeoutErrorMessage(null, syncTimeout)
+              logger.info(`[${requestId}] Run-from-block execution timed out`, {
+                timeoutMs: syncTimeout,
+              })
+
+              await loggingSession.markAsFailed(timeoutErrorMessage)
+
+              sendEvent({
+                type: 'execution:error',
+                timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+                executionId,
+                workflowId,
+                data: {
+                  error: timeoutErrorMessage,
+                  duration: result.metadata?.duration || 0,
+                },
+              })
+            } else {
               sendEvent({
                 type: 'execution:cancelled',
                 timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
@@ -174,6 +204,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
                 workflowId,
                 data: { duration: result.metadata?.duration || 0 },
               })
+            }
           } else {
             sendEvent({
               type: 'execution:completed',
@@ -190,11 +221,25 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
             })
           }
         } catch (error: unknown) {
-          const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'
+          const isTimeout = isTimeoutError(error) || isTimedOut
-          logger.error(`[${requestId}] Run-from-block execution failed: ${errorMessage}`)
+          const errorMessage = isTimeout
+            ? getTimeoutErrorMessage(error, syncTimeout)
+            : error instanceof Error
+              ? error.message
+              : 'Unknown error'
+
+          logger.error(`[${requestId}] Run-from-block execution failed: ${errorMessage}`, {
+            isTimeout,
+          })
 
           const executionResult = hasExecutionResult(error) ? error.executionResult : undefined
 
+          await loggingSession.safeCompleteWithError({
+            totalDurationMs: executionResult?.metadata?.duration,
+            error: { message: errorMessage },
+            traceSpans: executionResult?.logs as any,
+          })
+
           sendEvent({
             type: 'execution:error',
             timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
@@ -206,6 +251,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
             },
           })
         } finally {
+          if (timeoutId) clearTimeout(timeoutId)
           if (!isStreamClosed) {
             try {
               controller.enqueue(new TextEncoder().encode('data: [DONE]\n\n'))
@@ -216,6 +262,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
       },
       cancel() {
         isStreamClosed = true
+        if (timeoutId) clearTimeout(timeoutId)
         abortController.abort()
         markExecutionCancelled(executionId).catch(() => {})
       },

apps/sim/app/api/workflows/[id]/execute/route.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@ import { validate as uuidValidate, v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { checkHybridAuth } from '@/lib/auth/hybrid'
 import { isTriggerDevEnabled } from '@/lib/core/config/feature-flags'
+import {
+  createTimeoutAbortController,
+  getTimeoutErrorMessage,
+  isTimeoutError,
+} from '@/lib/core/execution-limits'
 import { generateRequestId } from '@/lib/core/utils/request'
 import { SSE_HEADERS } from '@/lib/core/utils/sse'
 import { getBaseUrl } from '@/lib/core/utils/urls'
@@ -120,10 +125,6 @@ type AsyncExecutionParams = {
   triggerType: CoreTriggerType
 }
 
-/**
- * Handles async workflow execution by queueing a background job.
- * Returns immediately with a 202 Accepted response containing the job ID.
- */
 async function handleAsyncExecution(params: AsyncExecutionParams): Promise<NextResponse> {
   const { requestId, workflowId, userId, input, triggerType } = params
 
@@ -405,6 +406,10 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
 
     if (!enableSSE) {
       logger.info(`[${requestId}] Using non-SSE execution (direct JSON response)`)
+      const timeoutController = createTimeoutAbortController(
+        preprocessResult.executionTimeout?.sync
+      )
+
       try {
         const metadata: ExecutionMetadata = {
           requestId,
@@ -438,8 +443,39 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
           includeFileBase64,
           base64MaxBytes,
           stopAfterBlockId,
+          abortSignal: timeoutController.signal,
         })
 
+        if (
+          result.status === 'cancelled' &&
+          timeoutController.isTimedOut() &&
+          timeoutController.timeoutMs
+        ) {
+          const timeoutErrorMessage = getTimeoutErrorMessage(null, timeoutController.timeoutMs)
+          logger.info(`[${requestId}] Non-SSE execution timed out`, {
+            timeoutMs: timeoutController.timeoutMs,
+          })
+          await loggingSession.markAsFailed(timeoutErrorMessage)
+
+          await cleanupExecutionBase64Cache(executionId)
+
+          return NextResponse.json(
+            {
+              success: false,
+              output: result.output,
+              error: timeoutErrorMessage,
+              metadata: result.metadata
+                ? {
+                    duration: result.metadata.duration,
+                    startTime: result.metadata.startTime,
+                    endTime: result.metadata.endTime,
+                  }
+                : undefined,
+            },
+            { status: 408 }
+          )
+        }
+
         const outputWithBase64 = includeFileBase64
           ? ((await hydrateUserFilesWithBase64(result.output, {
               requestId,
@@ -474,10 +510,17 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
         return NextResponse.json(filteredResult)
       } catch (error: unknown) {
         const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'
+
         logger.error(`[${requestId}] Non-SSE execution failed: ${errorMessage}`)
 
         const executionResult = hasExecutionResult(error) ? error.executionResult : undefined
 
+        await loggingSession.safeCompleteWithError({
+          totalDurationMs: executionResult?.metadata?.duration,
+          error: { message: errorMessage },
+          traceSpans: executionResult?.logs as any,
+        })
+
         return NextResponse.json(
           {
             success: false,
@@ -493,6 +536,8 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
           },
           { status: 500 }
         )
+      } finally {
+        timeoutController.cleanup()
       }
     }
 
@@ -506,7 +551,6 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
         cachedWorkflowData?.blocks || {}
       )
       const streamVariables = cachedWorkflowData?.variables ?? (workflow as any).variables
-
       const stream = await createStreamingResponse({
         requestId,
         workflow: {
@@ -524,6 +568,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
           workflowTriggerType: triggerType === 'chat' ? 'chat' : 'api',
           includeFileBase64,
           base64MaxBytes,
+          timeoutMs: preprocessResult.executionTimeout?.sync,
         },
         executionId,
       })
@@ -535,7 +580,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
     }
 
     const encoder = new TextEncoder()
-    const abortController = new AbortController()
+    const timeoutController = createTimeoutAbortController(preprocessResult.executionTimeout?.sync)
     let isStreamClosed = false
 
     const stream = new ReadableStream<Uint8Array>({
@@ -567,6 +612,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
             blockId: string,
             blockName: string,
             blockType: string,
+            executionOrder: number,
             iterationContext?: IterationContext
           ) => {
             logger.info(`[${requestId}] 🔷 onBlockStart called:`, { blockId, blockName, blockType })
@@ -579,6 +625,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
                 blockId,
                 blockName,
                 blockType,
+                executionOrder,
                 ...(iterationContext && {
                   iterationCurrent: iterationContext.iterationCurrent,
                   iterationTotal: iterationContext.iterationTotal,
@@ -617,6 +664,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
                   error: callbackData.output.error,
                   durationMs: callbackData.executionTime || 0,
                   startedAt: callbackData.startedAt,
+                  executionOrder: callbackData.executionOrder,
                   endedAt: callbackData.endedAt,
                   ...(iterationContext && {
                     iterationCurrent: iterationContext.iterationCurrent,
@@ -644,6 +692,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
                   output: callbackData.output,
                   durationMs: callbackData.executionTime || 0,
                   startedAt: callbackData.startedAt,
+                  executionOrder: callbackData.executionOrder,
                   endedAt: callbackData.endedAt,
                   ...(iterationContext && {
                     iterationCurrent: iterationContext.iterationCurrent,
@@ -727,7 +776,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
               onStream,
             },
             loggingSession,
-            abortSignal: abortController.signal,
+            abortSignal: timeoutController.signal,
             includeFileBase64,
             base64MaxBytes,
             stopAfterBlockId,
@@ -763,7 +812,27 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
           }
 
           if (result.status === 'cancelled') {
+            if (timeoutController.isTimedOut() && timeoutController.timeoutMs) {
+              const timeoutErrorMessage = getTimeoutErrorMessage(null, timeoutController.timeoutMs)
+              logger.info(`[${requestId}] Workflow execution timed out`, {
+                timeoutMs: timeoutController.timeoutMs,
+              })
+
+              await loggingSession.markAsFailed(timeoutErrorMessage)
+
+              sendEvent({
+                type: 'execution:error',
+                timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+                executionId,
+                workflowId,
+                data: {
+                  error: timeoutErrorMessage,
+                  duration: result.metadata?.duration || 0,
+                },
+              })
+            } else {
               logger.info(`[${requestId}] Workflow execution was cancelled`)
+
               sendEvent({
                 type: 'execution:cancelled',
                 timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
@@ -773,6 +842,7 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
                   duration: result.metadata?.duration || 0,
                 },
               })
+            }
             return
           }
 
@@ -799,11 +869,23 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
           // Cleanup base64 cache for this execution
           await cleanupExecutionBase64Cache(executionId)
         } catch (error: unknown) {
-          const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'
+          const isTimeout = isTimeoutError(error) || timeoutController.isTimedOut()
-          logger.error(`[${requestId}] SSE execution failed: ${errorMessage}`)
+          const errorMessage = isTimeout
+            ? getTimeoutErrorMessage(error, timeoutController.timeoutMs)
+            : error instanceof Error
+              ? error.message
+              : 'Unknown error'
+
+          logger.error(`[${requestId}] SSE execution failed: ${errorMessage}`, { isTimeout })
 
           const executionResult = hasExecutionResult(error) ? error.executionResult : undefined
 
+          await loggingSession.safeCompleteWithError({
+            totalDurationMs: executionResult?.metadata?.duration,
+            error: { message: errorMessage },
+            traceSpans: executionResult?.logs as any,
+          })
+
           sendEvent({
             type: 'execution:error',
             timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
@@ -815,20 +897,20 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{ id:
             },
           })
         } finally {
+          timeoutController.cleanup()
           if (!isStreamClosed) {
             try {
               controller.enqueue(encoder.encode('data: [DONE]\n\n'))
               controller.close()
-            } catch {
+            } catch {}
-              // Stream already closed - nothing to do
-            }
           }
         }
       },
       cancel() {
         isStreamClosed = true
+        timeoutController.cleanup()
         logger.info(`[${requestId}] Client aborted SSE stream, signalling cancellation`)
-        abortController.abort()
+        timeoutController.abort()
         markExecutionCancelled(executionId).catch(() => {})
       },
     })

apps/sim/app/api/workspaces/invitations/route.test.ts

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ describe('Workspace Invitations API Route', () => {
       inArray: vi.fn().mockImplementation((field, values) => ({ type: 'inArray', field, values })),
     }))
 
-    vi.doMock('@/executor/utils/permission-check', () => ({
+    vi.doMock('@/ee/access-control/utils/permission-check', () => ({
       validateInvitationsAllowed: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
       InvitationsNotAllowedError: class InvitationsNotAllowedError extends Error {
         constructor() {

apps/sim/app/api/workspaces/invitations/route.ts

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import { getFromEmailAddress } from '@/lib/messaging/email/utils'
 import {
   InvitationsNotAllowedError,
   validateInvitationsAllowed,
-} from '@/executor/utils/permission-check'
+} from '@/ee/access-control/utils/permission-check'
 
 export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'
 
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ export async function GET(req: NextRequest) {
   }
 
   try {
-    // Get all workspaces where the user has permissions
     const userWorkspaces = await db
       .select({ id: workspace.id })
       .from(workspace)
@@ -55,10 +54,8 @@ export async function GET(req: NextRequest) {
       return NextResponse.json({ invitations: [] })
     }
 
-    // Get all workspaceIds where the user is a member
     const workspaceIds = userWorkspaces.map((w) => w.id)
 
-    // Find all invitations for those workspaces
     const invitations = await db
       .select()
       .from(workspaceInvitation)

apps/sim/app/chat/[identifier]/chat.tsx

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ import {
   ChatMessageContainer,
   EmailAuth,
   PasswordAuth,
-  SSOAuth,
   VoiceInterface,
 } from '@/app/chat/components'
 import { CHAT_ERROR_MESSAGES, CHAT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS } from '@/app/chat/constants'
 import { useAudioStreaming, useChatStreaming } from '@/app/chat/hooks'
+import SSOAuth from '@/ee/sso/components/sso-auth'
 
 const logger = createLogger('ChatClient')
 

apps/sim/app/chat/components/index.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 export { default as EmailAuth } from './auth/email/email-auth'
 export { default as PasswordAuth } from './auth/password/password-auth'
-export { default as SSOAuth } from './auth/sso/sso-auth'
 export { ChatErrorState } from './error-state/error-state'
 export { ChatHeader } from './header/header'
 export { ChatInput } from './input/input'

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/knowledge/page.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { redirect } from 'next/navigation'
 import { getSession } from '@/lib/auth'
 import { verifyWorkspaceMembership } from '@/app/api/workflows/utils'
-import { getUserPermissionConfig } from '@/executor/utils/permission-check'
+import { getUserPermissionConfig } from '@/ee/access-control/utils/permission-check'
 import { Knowledge } from './knowledge'
 
 interface KnowledgePageProps {
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ export default async function KnowledgePage({ params }: KnowledgePageProps) {
     redirect('/')
   }
 
-  // Check permission group restrictions
   const permissionConfig = await getUserPermissionConfig(session.user.id)
   if (permissionConfig?.hideKnowledgeBaseTab) {
     redirect(`/workspace/${workspaceId}`)

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/logs/components/log-details/components/file-download/file-download.tsx

@@ -104,14 +104,12 @@ function FileCard({ file, isExecutionFile = false, workspaceId }: FileCardProps)
   }
 
   return (
-    <div className='flex flex-col gap-[8px] rounded-[6px] bg-[var(--surface-1)] px-[10px] py-[8px]'>
+    <div className='flex flex-col gap-[4px] rounded-[6px] bg-[var(--surface-1)] px-[8px] py-[6px]'>
-      <div className='flex items-center justify-between'>
+      <div className='flex min-w-0 items-center justify-between gap-[8px]'>
-        <div className='flex items-center gap-[8px]'>
+        <span className='min-w-0 flex-1 truncate font-medium text-[12px] text-[var(--text-secondary)]'>
-          <span className='truncate font-medium text-[12px] text-[var(--text-secondary)]'>
           {file.name}
         </span>
-        </div>
+        <span className='flex-shrink-0 font-medium text-[12px] text-[var(--text-tertiary)]'>
-        <span className='font-medium text-[12px] text-[var(--text-tertiary)]'>
           {formatFileSize(file.size)}
         </span>
       </div>
@@ -142,11 +140,10 @@ export function FileCards({ files, isExecutionFile = false, workspaceId }: FileC
   }
 
   return (
-    <div className='flex w-full flex-col gap-[6px] rounded-[6px] bg-[var(--surface-2)] px-[10px] py-[8px]'>
+    <div className='mt-[4px] flex flex-col gap-[6px] rounded-[6px] border border-[var(--border)] bg-[var(--surface-2)] px-[10px] py-[8px] dark:bg-transparent'>
       <span className='font-medium text-[12px] text-[var(--text-tertiary)]'>
         Files ({files.length})
       </span>
-      <div className='flex flex-col gap-[8px]'>
       {files.map((file, index) => (
         <FileCard
           key={file.id || `file-${index}`}
@@ -156,7 +153,6 @@ export function FileCards({ files, isExecutionFile = false, workspaceId }: FileC
         />
       ))}
     </div>
-    </div>
   )
 }
 

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/logs/components/log-details/log-details.tsx

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import {
 import { ScrollArea } from '@/components/ui/scroll-area'
 import { BASE_EXECUTION_CHARGE } from '@/lib/billing/constants'
 import { cn } from '@/lib/core/utils/cn'
+import { formatDuration } from '@/lib/core/utils/formatting'
 import { filterHiddenOutputKeys } from '@/lib/logs/execution/trace-spans/trace-spans'
 import {
   ExecutionSnapshot,
@@ -453,7 +454,7 @@ export const LogDetails = memo(function LogDetails({
                       Duration
                     </span>
                     <span className='font-medium text-[13px] text-[var(--text-secondary)]'>
-                      {log.duration || '—'}
+                      {formatDuration(log.duration, { precision: 2 }) || '—'}
                     </span>
                   </div>
 

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/logs/components/logs-list/logs-list.tsx

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ import Link from 'next/link'
 import { List, type RowComponentProps, useListRef } from 'react-window'
 import { Badge, buttonVariants } from '@/components/emcn'
 import { cn } from '@/lib/core/utils/cn'
+import { formatDuration } from '@/lib/core/utils/formatting'
 import {
   DELETED_WORKFLOW_COLOR,
   DELETED_WORKFLOW_LABEL,
   formatDate,
-  formatDuration,
   getDisplayStatus,
   LOG_COLUMNS,
   StatusBadge,
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ const LogRow = memo(
 
           <div className={`${LOG_COLUMNS.duration.width} ${LOG_COLUMNS.duration.minWidth}`}>
             <Badge variant='default' className='rounded-[6px] px-[9px] py-[2px] text-[12px]'>
-              {formatDuration(log.duration) || '—'}
+              {formatDuration(log.duration, { precision: 2 }) || '—'}
             </Badge>
           </div>
         </div>

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/logs/utils.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import React from 'react'
 import { format } from 'date-fns'
 import { Badge } from '@/components/emcn'
+import { formatDuration } from '@/lib/core/utils/formatting'
 import { getIntegrationMetadata } from '@/lib/logs/get-trigger-options'
 import { getBlock } from '@/blocks/registry'
 import { CORE_TRIGGER_TYPES } from '@/stores/logs/filters/types'
@@ -362,47 +363,14 @@ export function mapToExecutionLogAlt(log: RawLogResponse): ExecutionLog {
   }
 }
 
-/**
- * Format duration for display in logs UI
- * If duration is under 1 second, displays as milliseconds (e.g., "500ms")
- * If duration is 1 second or more, displays as seconds (e.g., "1.23s")
- * @param duration - Duration string (e.g., "500ms") or null
- * @returns Formatted duration string or null
- */
-export function formatDuration(duration: string | null): string | null {
-  if (!duration) return null
-
-  // Extract numeric value from duration string (e.g., "500ms" -> 500)
-  const ms = Number.parseInt(duration.replace(/[^0-9]/g, ''), 10)
-
-  if (!Number.isFinite(ms)) return duration
-
-  if (ms < 1000) {
-    return `${ms}ms`
-  }
-
-  // Convert to seconds with up to 2 decimal places
-  const seconds = ms / 1000
-  return `${seconds.toFixed(2).replace(/\.?0+$/, '')}s`
-}
-
 /**
  * Format latency value for display in dashboard UI
- * If latency is under 1 second, displays as milliseconds (e.g., "500ms")
- * If latency is 1 second or more, displays as seconds (e.g., "1.23s")
  * @param ms - Latency in milliseconds (number)
  * @returns Formatted latency string
  */
 export function formatLatency(ms: number): string {
   if (!Number.isFinite(ms) || ms <= 0) return '—'
-
+  return formatDuration(ms, { precision: 2 }) ?? '—'
-  if (ms < 1000) {
-    return `${Math.round(ms)}ms`
-  }
-
-  // Convert to seconds with up to 2 decimal places
-  const seconds = ms / 1000
-  return `${seconds.toFixed(2).replace(/\.?0+$/, '')}s`
 }
 
 export const formatDate = (dateString: string) => {

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/templates/page.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { getSession } from '@/lib/auth'
 import { verifyWorkspaceMembership } from '@/app/api/workflows/utils'
 import type { Template as WorkspaceTemplate } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/templates/templates'
 import Templates from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/templates/templates'
-import { getUserPermissionConfig } from '@/executor/utils/permission-check'
+import { getUserPermissionConfig } from '@/ee/access-control/utils/permission-check'
 
 interface TemplatesPageProps {
   params: Promise<{

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/action-bar/action-bar.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { memo, useCallback } from 'react'
-import { ArrowLeftRight, ArrowUpDown, Circle, CircleOff, LogOut } from 'lucide-react'
+import { ArrowLeftRight, ArrowUpDown, Circle, CircleOff, Lock, LogOut, Unlock } from 'lucide-react'
 import { Button, Copy, PlayOutline, Tooltip, Trash2 } from '@/components/emcn'
 import { cn } from '@/lib/core/utils/cn'
 import { isInputDefinitionTrigger } from '@/lib/workflows/triggers/input-definition-triggers'
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ export const ActionBar = memo(
       collaborativeBatchRemoveBlocks,
       collaborativeBatchToggleBlockEnabled,
       collaborativeBatchToggleBlockHandles,
+      collaborativeBatchToggleLocked,
     } = useCollaborativeWorkflow()
     const { setPendingSelection } = useWorkflowRegistry()
     const { handleRunFromBlock } = useWorkflowExecution()
@@ -84,16 +85,28 @@ export const ActionBar = memo(
       )
     }, [blockId, addNotification, collaborativeBatchAddBlocks, setPendingSelection])
 
-    const { isEnabled, horizontalHandles, parentId, parentType } = useWorkflowStore(
+    const {
+      isEnabled,
+      horizontalHandles,
+      parentId,
+      parentType,
+      isLocked,
+      isParentLocked,
+      isParentDisabled,
+    } = useWorkflowStore(
       useCallback(
         (state) => {
           const block = state.blocks[blockId]
           const parentId = block?.data?.parentId
+          const parentBlock = parentId ? state.blocks[parentId] : undefined
           return {
             isEnabled: block?.enabled ?? true,
             horizontalHandles: block?.horizontalHandles ?? false,
             parentId,
-            parentType: parentId ? state.blocks[parentId]?.type : undefined,
+            parentType: parentBlock?.type,
+            isLocked: block?.locked ?? false,
+            isParentLocked: parentBlock?.locked ?? false,
+            isParentDisabled: parentBlock ? !parentBlock.enabled : false,
           }
         },
         [blockId]
@@ -161,6 +174,7 @@ export const ActionBar = memo(
         {!isNoteBlock && !isInsideSubflow && (
           <Tooltip.Root>
             <Tooltip.Trigger asChild>
+              <span className='inline-flex'>
                 <Button
                   variant='ghost'
                   onClick={(e) => {
@@ -174,12 +188,13 @@ export const ActionBar = memo(
                 >
                   <PlayOutline className={ICON_SIZE} />
                 </Button>
+              </span>
             </Tooltip.Trigger>
             <Tooltip.Content side='top'>
               {(() => {
                 if (disabled) return getTooltipMessage('Run from block')
                 if (isExecuting) return 'Execution in progress'
-                if (!dependenciesSatisfied) return 'Run upstream blocks first'
+                if (!dependenciesSatisfied) return 'Run previous blocks first'
                 return 'Run from block'
               })()}
             </Tooltip.Content>
@@ -193,18 +208,54 @@ export const ActionBar = memo(
                 variant='ghost'
                 onClick={(e) => {
                   e.stopPropagation()
-                  if (!disabled) {
+                  // Can't enable if parent is disabled (must enable parent first)
+                  const cantEnable = !isEnabled && isParentDisabled
+                  if (!disabled && !isLocked && !isParentLocked && !cantEnable) {
                     collaborativeBatchToggleBlockEnabled([blockId])
                   }
                 }}
                 className={ACTION_BUTTON_STYLES}
-                disabled={disabled}
+                disabled={
+                  disabled || isLocked || isParentLocked || (!isEnabled && isParentDisabled)
+                }
               >
                 {isEnabled ? <Circle className={ICON_SIZE} /> : <CircleOff className={ICON_SIZE} />}
               </Button>
             </Tooltip.Trigger>
             <Tooltip.Content side='top'>
-              {getTooltipMessage(isEnabled ? 'Disable Block' : 'Enable Block')}
+              {isLocked || isParentLocked
+                ? 'Block is locked'
+                : !isEnabled && isParentDisabled
+                  ? 'Parent container is disabled'
+                  : getTooltipMessage(isEnabled ? 'Disable Block' : 'Enable Block')}
+            </Tooltip.Content>
+          </Tooltip.Root>
+        )}
+
+        {userPermissions.canAdmin && (
+          <Tooltip.Root>
+            <Tooltip.Trigger asChild>
+              <Button
+                variant='ghost'
+                onClick={(e) => {
+                  e.stopPropagation()
+                  // Can't unlock a block if its parent container is locked
+                  if (!disabled && !(isLocked && isParentLocked)) {
+                    collaborativeBatchToggleLocked([blockId])
+                  }
+                }}
+                className={ACTION_BUTTON_STYLES}
+                disabled={disabled || (isLocked && isParentLocked)}
+              >
+                {isLocked ? <Unlock className={ICON_SIZE} /> : <Lock className={ICON_SIZE} />}
+              </Button>
+            </Tooltip.Trigger>
+            <Tooltip.Content side='top'>
+              {isLocked && isParentLocked
+                ? 'Parent container is locked'
+                : isLocked
+                  ? 'Unlock Block'
+                  : 'Lock Block'}
             </Tooltip.Content>
           </Tooltip.Root>
         )}
@@ -216,17 +267,21 @@ export const ActionBar = memo(
                 variant='ghost'
                 onClick={(e) => {
                   e.stopPropagation()
-                  if (!disabled) {
+                  if (!disabled && !isLocked && !isParentLocked) {
                     handleDuplicateBlock()
                   }
                 }}
                 className={ACTION_BUTTON_STYLES}
-                disabled={disabled}
+                disabled={disabled || isLocked || isParentLocked}
               >
                 <Copy className={ICON_SIZE} />
               </Button>
             </Tooltip.Trigger>
-            <Tooltip.Content side='top'>{getTooltipMessage('Duplicate Block')}</Tooltip.Content>
+            <Tooltip.Content side='top'>
+              {isLocked || isParentLocked
+                ? 'Block is locked'
+                : getTooltipMessage('Duplicate Block')}
+            </Tooltip.Content>
           </Tooltip.Root>
         )}
 
@@ -237,12 +292,12 @@ export const ActionBar = memo(
                 variant='ghost'
                 onClick={(e) => {
                   e.stopPropagation()
-                  if (!disabled) {
+                  if (!disabled && !isLocked && !isParentLocked) {
                     collaborativeBatchToggleBlockHandles([blockId])
                   }
                 }}
                 className={ACTION_BUTTON_STYLES}
-                disabled={disabled}
+                disabled={disabled || isLocked || isParentLocked}
               >
                 {horizontalHandles ? (
                   <ArrowLeftRight className={ICON_SIZE} />
@@ -252,7 +307,9 @@ export const ActionBar = memo(
               </Button>
             </Tooltip.Trigger>
             <Tooltip.Content side='top'>
-              {getTooltipMessage(horizontalHandles ? 'Vertical Ports' : 'Horizontal Ports')}
+              {isLocked || isParentLocked
+                ? 'Block is locked'
+                : getTooltipMessage(horizontalHandles ? 'Vertical Ports' : 'Horizontal Ports')}
             </Tooltip.Content>
           </Tooltip.Root>
         )}
@@ -264,19 +321,23 @@ export const ActionBar = memo(
                 variant='ghost'
                 onClick={(e) => {
                   e.stopPropagation()
-                  if (!disabled && userPermissions.canEdit) {
+                  if (!disabled && userPermissions.canEdit && !isLocked && !isParentLocked) {
                     window.dispatchEvent(
                       new CustomEvent('remove-from-subflow', { detail: { blockIds: [blockId] } })
                     )
                   }
                 }}
                 className={ACTION_BUTTON_STYLES}
-                disabled={disabled || !userPermissions.canEdit}
+                disabled={disabled || !userPermissions.canEdit || isLocked || isParentLocked}
               >
                 <LogOut className={ICON_SIZE} />
               </Button>
             </Tooltip.Trigger>
-            <Tooltip.Content side='top'>{getTooltipMessage('Remove from Subflow')}</Tooltip.Content>
+            <Tooltip.Content side='top'>
+              {isLocked || isParentLocked
+                ? 'Block is locked'
+                : getTooltipMessage('Remove from Subflow')}
+            </Tooltip.Content>
           </Tooltip.Root>
         )}
 
@@ -286,17 +347,19 @@ export const ActionBar = memo(
               variant='ghost'
               onClick={(e) => {
                 e.stopPropagation()
-                if (!disabled) {
+                if (!disabled && !isLocked && !isParentLocked) {
                   collaborativeBatchRemoveBlocks([blockId])
                 }
               }}
               className={ACTION_BUTTON_STYLES}
-              disabled={disabled}
+              disabled={disabled || isLocked || isParentLocked}
             >
               <Trash2 className={ICON_SIZE} />
             </Button>
           </Tooltip.Trigger>
-          <Tooltip.Content side='top'>{getTooltipMessage('Delete Block')}</Tooltip.Content>
+          <Tooltip.Content side='top'>
+            {isLocked || isParentLocked ? 'Block is locked' : getTooltipMessage('Delete Block')}
+          </Tooltip.Content>
         </Tooltip.Root>
       </div>
     )

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/block-menu/block-menu.tsx

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ export interface BlockInfo {
   horizontalHandles: boolean
   parentId?: string
   parentType?: string
+  locked?: boolean
+  isParentLocked?: boolean
+  isParentDisabled?: boolean
 }
 
 /**
@@ -46,10 +49,17 @@ export interface BlockMenuProps {
   showRemoveFromSubflow?: boolean
   /** Whether run from block is available (has snapshot, was executed, not inside subflow) */
   canRunFromBlock?: boolean
+  /** Whether to disable edit actions (user can't edit OR blocks are locked) */
   disableEdit?: boolean
+  /** Whether the user has edit permission (ignoring locked state) */
+  userCanEdit?: boolean
   isExecuting?: boolean
   /** Whether the selected block is a trigger (has no incoming edges) */
   isPositionalTrigger?: boolean
+  /** Callback to toggle locked state of selected blocks */
+  onToggleLocked?: () => void
+  /** Whether the user has admin permissions */
+  canAdmin?: boolean
 }
 
 /**
@@ -78,13 +88,22 @@ export function BlockMenu({
   showRemoveFromSubflow = false,
   canRunFromBlock = false,
   disableEdit = false,
+  userCanEdit = true,
   isExecuting = false,
   isPositionalTrigger = false,
+  onToggleLocked,
+  canAdmin = false,
 }: BlockMenuProps) {
   const isSingleBlock = selectedBlocks.length === 1
 
   const allEnabled = selectedBlocks.every((b) => b.enabled)
   const allDisabled = selectedBlocks.every((b) => !b.enabled)
+  const allLocked = selectedBlocks.every((b) => b.locked)
+  const allUnlocked = selectedBlocks.every((b) => !b.locked)
+  // Can't unlock blocks that have locked parents
+  const hasBlockWithLockedParent = selectedBlocks.some((b) => b.locked && b.isParentLocked)
+  // Can't enable blocks that have disabled parents
+  const hasBlockWithDisabledParent = selectedBlocks.some((b) => !b.enabled && b.isParentDisabled)
 
   const hasSingletonBlock = selectedBlocks.some(
     (b) =>
@@ -108,6 +127,12 @@ export function BlockMenu({
     return 'Toggle Enabled'
   }
 
+  const getToggleLockedLabel = () => {
+    if (allLocked) return 'Unlock'
+    if (allUnlocked) return 'Lock'
+    return 'Toggle Lock'
+  }
+
   return (
     <Popover
       open={isOpen}
@@ -139,7 +164,7 @@ export function BlockMenu({
         </PopoverItem>
         <PopoverItem
           className='group'
-          disabled={disableEdit || !hasClipboard}
+          disabled={!userCanEdit || !hasClipboard}
           onClick={() => {
             onPaste()
             onClose()
@@ -164,13 +189,15 @@ export function BlockMenu({
         {!allNoteBlocks && <PopoverDivider />}
         {!allNoteBlocks && (
           <PopoverItem
-            disabled={disableEdit}
+            disabled={disableEdit || hasBlockWithDisabledParent}
             onClick={() => {
+              if (!disableEdit && !hasBlockWithDisabledParent) {
                 onToggleEnabled()
                 onClose()
+              }
             }}
           >
-            {getToggleEnabledLabel()}
+            {hasBlockWithDisabledParent ? 'Parent is disabled' : getToggleEnabledLabel()}
           </PopoverItem>
         )}
         {!allNoteBlocks && !isSubflow && (
@@ -195,6 +222,19 @@ export function BlockMenu({
             Remove from Subflow
           </PopoverItem>
         )}
+        {canAdmin && onToggleLocked && (
+          <PopoverItem
+            disabled={hasBlockWithLockedParent}
+            onClick={() => {
+              if (!hasBlockWithLockedParent) {
+                onToggleLocked()
+                onClose()
+              }
+            }}
+          >
+            {hasBlockWithLockedParent ? 'Parent is locked' : getToggleLockedLabel()}
+          </PopoverItem>
+        )}
 
         {/* Single block actions */}
         {isSingleBlock && <PopoverDivider />}

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/canvas-menu/canvas-menu.tsx

@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ export interface CanvasMenuProps {
   canUndo?: boolean
   canRedo?: boolean
   isInvitationsDisabled?: boolean
+  /** Whether the workflow has locked blocks (disables auto-layout) */
+  hasLockedBlocks?: boolean
 }
 
 /**
@@ -60,6 +62,7 @@ export function CanvasMenu({
   disableEdit = false,
   canUndo = false,
   canRedo = false,
+  hasLockedBlocks = false,
 }: CanvasMenuProps) {
   return (
     <Popover
@@ -129,11 +132,12 @@ export function CanvasMenu({
         </PopoverItem>
         <PopoverItem
           className='group'
-          disabled={disableEdit}
+          disabled={disableEdit || hasLockedBlocks}
           onClick={() => {
             onAutoLayout()
             onClose()
           }}
+          title={hasLockedBlocks ? 'Unlock blocks to use auto-layout' : undefined}
         >
           <span>Auto-layout</span>
           <span className='ml-auto opacity-70 group-hover:opacity-100'>⇧L</span>

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/chat/chat.tsx

@@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ export function Chat() {
 
       const newReservedFields: StartInputFormatField[] = missingStartReservedFields.map(
         (fieldName) => {
-          const defaultType = fieldName === 'files' ? 'files' : 'string'
+          const defaultType = fieldName === 'files' ? 'file[]' : 'string'
 
           return {
             id: crypto.randomUUID(),

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/note-block/note-block.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { memo, useCallback, useMemo } from 'react'
 import ReactMarkdown from 'react-markdown'
 import type { NodeProps } from 'reactflow'
+import remarkBreaks from 'remark-breaks'
 import remarkGfm from 'remark-gfm'
 import { cn } from '@/lib/core/utils/cn'
 import { BLOCK_DIMENSIONS } from '@/lib/workflows/blocks/block-dimensions'
@@ -305,7 +306,7 @@ function getEmbedInfo(url: string): EmbedInfo | null {
 const NoteMarkdown = memo(function NoteMarkdown({ content }: { content: string }) {
   return (
     <ReactMarkdown
-      remarkPlugins={[remarkGfm]}
+      remarkPlugins={[remarkGfm, remarkBreaks]}
       components={{
         p: ({ children }: any) => (
           <p className='mb-1 break-words text-[var(--text-primary)] text-sm leading-[1.25rem] last:mb-0'>

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/copilot/components/copilot-message/components/thinking-block/thinking-block.tsx

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import { memo, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react'
 import clsx from 'clsx'
 import { ChevronUp } from 'lucide-react'
+import { formatDuration } from '@/lib/core/utils/formatting'
 import { CopilotMarkdownRenderer } from '../markdown-renderer'
 
 /** Removes thinking tags (raw or escaped) and special tags from streamed content */
@@ -241,15 +242,11 @@ export function ThinkingBlock({
     return () => window.clearInterval(intervalId)
   }, [isStreaming, isExpanded, userHasScrolledAway])
 
-  /** Formats duration in milliseconds to seconds (minimum 1s) */
-  const formatDuration = (ms: number) => {
-    const seconds = Math.max(1, Math.round(ms / 1000))
-    return `${seconds}s`
-  }
-
   const hasContent = cleanContent.length > 0
   const isThinkingDone = !isStreaming || hasFollowingContent || hasSpecialTags
-  const durationText = `${label} for ${formatDuration(duration)}`
+  // Round to nearest second (minimum 1s) to match original behavior
+  const roundedMs = Math.max(1000, Math.round(duration / 1000) * 1000)
+  const durationText = `${label} for ${formatDuration(roundedMs)}`
 
   const getStreamingLabel = (lbl: string) => {
     if (lbl === 'Thought') return 'Thinking'

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/copilot/components/tool-call/tool-call.tsx

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import {
   hasInterrupt as hasInterruptFromConfig,
   isSpecialTool as isSpecialToolFromConfig,
 } from '@/lib/copilot/tools/client/ui-config'
+import { formatDuration } from '@/lib/core/utils/formatting'
 import { CopilotMarkdownRenderer } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/copilot/components/copilot-message/components/markdown-renderer'
 import { SmoothStreamingText } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/copilot/components/copilot-message/components/smooth-streaming'
 import { ThinkingBlock } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/copilot/components/copilot-message/components/thinking-block'
@@ -848,13 +849,10 @@ const SubagentContentRenderer = memo(function SubagentContentRenderer({
     (allParsed.options && Object.keys(allParsed.options).length > 0)
   )
 
-  const formatDuration = (ms: number) => {
-    const seconds = Math.max(1, Math.round(ms / 1000))
-    return `${seconds}s`
-  }
-
   const outerLabel = getSubagentCompletionLabel(toolCall.name)
-  const durationText = `${outerLabel} for ${formatDuration(duration)}`
+  // Round to nearest second (minimum 1s) to match original behavior
+  const roundedMs = Math.max(1000, Math.round(duration / 1000) * 1000)
+  const durationText = `${outerLabel} for ${formatDuration(roundedMs)}`
 
   const renderCollapsibleContent = () => (
     <>

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/deploy/components/deploy-modal/components/a2a/a2a.tsx

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ export function A2aDeploy({
       newFields.push({
         id: crypto.randomUUID(),
         name: 'files',
-        type: 'files',
+        type: 'file[]',
         value: '',
         collapsed: false,
       })

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/credential-selector/credential-selector.tsx

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export function CredentialSelector({
   previewValue,
 }: CredentialSelectorProps) {
   const [showOAuthModal, setShowOAuthModal] = useState(false)
-  const [inputValue, setInputValue] = useState('')
+  const [editingValue, setEditingValue] = useState('')
   const [isEditing, setIsEditing] = useState(false)
   const { activeWorkflowId } = useWorkflowRegistry()
   const [storeValue, setStoreValue] = useSubBlockValue<string | null>(blockId, subBlock.id)
@@ -128,11 +128,7 @@ export function CredentialSelector({
     return ''
   }, [selectedCredentialSet, isForeignCredentialSet, selectedCredential, isForeign])
 
-  useEffect(() => {
+  const displayValue = isEditing ? editingValue : resolvedLabel
-    if (!isEditing) {
-      setInputValue(resolvedLabel)
-    }
-  }, [resolvedLabel, isEditing])
 
   const invalidSelection =
     !isPreview &&
@@ -295,7 +291,7 @@ export function CredentialSelector({
   const selectedCredentialProvider = selectedCredential?.provider ?? provider
 
   const overlayContent = useMemo(() => {
-    if (!inputValue) return null
+    if (!displayValue) return null
 
     if (isCredentialSetSelected && selectedCredentialSet) {
       return (
@@ -303,7 +299,7 @@ export function CredentialSelector({
           <div className='mr-2 flex-shrink-0 opacity-90'>
             <Users className='h-3 w-3' />
           </div>
-          <span className='truncate'>{inputValue}</span>
+          <span className='truncate'>{displayValue}</span>
         </div>
       )
     }
@@ -313,12 +309,12 @@ export function CredentialSelector({
         <div className='mr-2 flex-shrink-0 opacity-90'>
           {getProviderIcon(selectedCredentialProvider)}
         </div>
-        <span className='truncate'>{inputValue}</span>
+        <span className='truncate'>{displayValue}</span>
       </div>
     )
   }, [
     getProviderIcon,
-    inputValue,
+    displayValue,
     selectedCredentialProvider,
     isCredentialSetSelected,
     selectedCredentialSet,
@@ -335,7 +331,6 @@ export function CredentialSelector({
         const credentialSetId = value.slice(CREDENTIAL_SET.PREFIX.length)
         const matchedSet = credentialSets.find((cs) => cs.id === credentialSetId)
         if (matchedSet) {
-          setInputValue(matchedSet.name)
           handleCredentialSetSelect(credentialSetId)
           return
         }
@@ -343,13 +338,12 @@ export function CredentialSelector({
 
       const matchedCred = credentials.find((c) => c.id === value)
       if (matchedCred) {
-        setInputValue(matchedCred.name)
         handleSelect(value)
         return
       }
 
       setIsEditing(true)
-      setInputValue(value)
+      setEditingValue(value)
     },
     [credentials, credentialSets, handleAddCredential, handleSelect, handleCredentialSetSelect]
   )
@@ -359,7 +353,7 @@ export function CredentialSelector({
       <Combobox
         options={comboboxOptions}
         groups={comboboxGroups}
-        value={inputValue}
+        value={displayValue}
         selectedValue={rawSelectedId}
         onChange={handleComboboxChange}
         onOpenChange={handleOpenChange}

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/file-upload/file-upload.tsx

@@ -368,6 +368,7 @@ export function FileUpload({
     const uploadedFile: UploadedFile = {
       name: selectedFile.name,
       path: selectedFile.path,
+      key: selectedFile.key,
       size: selectedFile.size,
       type: selectedFile.type,
     }

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/starter/input-format.tsx

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import { useAccessibleReferencePrefixes } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/
 interface Field {
   id: string
   name: string
-  type?: 'string' | 'number' | 'boolean' | 'object' | 'array' | 'files'
+  type?: 'string' | 'number' | 'boolean' | 'object' | 'array' | 'file[]'
   value?: string
   description?: string
   collapsed?: boolean
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ const TYPE_OPTIONS: ComboboxOption[] = [
   { label: 'Boolean', value: 'boolean' },
   { label: 'Object', value: 'object' },
   { label: 'Array', value: 'array' },
-  { label: 'Files', value: 'files' },
+  { label: 'Files', value: 'file[]' },
 ]
 
 /**
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ export function FieldFormat({
       )
     }
 
-    if (field.type === 'files') {
+    if (field.type === 'file[]') {
       const lineCount = fieldValue.split('\n').length
       const gutterWidth = calculateGutterWidth(lineCount)
 

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/tag-dropdown/tag-dropdown.tsx

@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ const getOutputTypeForPath = (
       const chatModeTypes: Record<string, string> = {
         input: 'string',
         conversationId: 'string',
-        files: 'files',
+        files: 'file[]',
       }
       return chatModeTypes[outputPath] || 'any'
     }
@@ -908,8 +908,10 @@ const PopoverContextCapture: React.FC<{
  * When in nested folders, goes back one level at a time.
  * At the root folder level, closes the folder.
  */
-const TagDropdownBackButton: React.FC = () => {
+const TagDropdownBackButton: React.FC<{ setSelectedIndex: (index: number) => void }> = ({
-  const { isInFolder, closeFolder, colorScheme, size } = usePopoverContext()
+  setSelectedIndex,
+}) => {
+  const { isInFolder, closeFolder, size, isKeyboardNav, setKeyboardNav } = usePopoverContext()
   const nestedNav = useNestedNavigation()
 
   if (!isInFolder) return null
@@ -922,28 +924,31 @@ const TagDropdownBackButton: React.FC = () => {
     closeFolder()
   }
 
+  const handleMouseEnter = () => {
+    if (isKeyboardNav) return
+    setKeyboardNav(false)
+    setSelectedIndex(-1)
+  }
+
   return (
-    <div
+    <PopoverItem
-      className={cn(
+      onMouseDown={(e) => {
-        'flex min-w-0 cursor-pointer items-center gap-[8px] rounded-[6px] px-[6px] font-base',
+        e.preventDefault()
-        size === 'sm' ? 'h-[22px] text-[11px]' : 'h-[26px] text-[13px]',
+        e.stopPropagation()
-        colorScheme === 'inverted'
+        handleBackClick(e)
-          ? 'text-white hover:bg-[#363636] hover:text-white dark:text-[var(--text-primary)] dark:hover:bg-[var(--surface-5)]'
+      }}
-          : 'text-[var(--text-primary)] hover:bg-[var(--border-1)]'
+      onMouseEnter={handleMouseEnter}
-      )}
-      role='button'
-      onClick={handleBackClick}
     >
       <svg
-        className={size === 'sm' ? 'h-3 w-3' : 'h-3.5 w-3.5'}
+        className={cn('shrink-0', size === 'sm' ? 'h-3 w-3' : 'h-3.5 w-3.5')}
         fill='none'
         viewBox='0 0 24 24'
         stroke='currentColor'
       >
         <path strokeLinecap='round' strokeLinejoin='round' strokeWidth={2} d='M15 19l-7-7 7-7' />
       </svg>
-      <span>Back</span>
+      <span className='shrink-0'>Back</span>
-    </div>
+    </PopoverItem>
   )
 }
 
@@ -1563,16 +1568,11 @@ export const TagDropdown: React.FC<TagDropdownProps> = ({
     blockTagGroups.sort((a, b) => a.distance - b.distance)
     finalBlockTagGroups.push(...blockTagGroups)
 
-    const contextualTags: string[] = []
+    const groupTags = finalBlockTagGroups.flatMap((group) => group.tags)
-    if (loopBlockGroup) {
+    const tags = [...groupTags, ...variableTags]
-      contextualTags.push(...loopBlockGroup.tags)
-    }
-    if (parallelBlockGroup) {
-      contextualTags.push(...parallelBlockGroup.tags)
-    }
 
     return {
-      tags: [...allBlockTags, ...variableTags, ...contextualTags],
+      tags,
       variableInfoMap,
       blockTagGroups: finalBlockTagGroups,
     }
@@ -1746,7 +1746,7 @@ export const TagDropdown: React.FC<TagDropdownProps> = ({
           mergedSubBlocks
         )
 
-        if (fieldType === 'files' || fieldType === 'file[]' || fieldType === 'array') {
+        if (fieldType === 'file' || fieldType === 'file[]' || fieldType === 'array') {
           const blockName = parts[0]
           const remainingPath = parts.slice(2).join('.')
           processedTag = `${blockName}.${arrayFieldName}[0].${remainingPath}`
@@ -1961,8 +1961,8 @@ export const TagDropdown: React.FC<TagDropdownProps> = ({
           onOpenAutoFocus={(e) => e.preventDefault()}
           onCloseAutoFocus={(e) => e.preventDefault()}
         >
-          <TagDropdownBackButton />
           <PopoverScrollArea ref={scrollAreaRef}>
+            <TagDropdownBackButton setSelectedIndex={setSelectedIndex} />
             {flatTagList.length === 0 ? (
               <div className='px-[6px] py-[8px] text-[12px] text-[var(--white)]/60'>
                 No matching tags found

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/components/sub-block/components/tool-input/tool-input.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type React from 'react'
 import { memo, useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react'
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
-import { ChevronRight, Loader2, ServerIcon, WrenchIcon, XIcon } from 'lucide-react'
+import { Loader2, WrenchIcon, XIcon } from 'lucide-react'
 import { useParams } from 'next/navigation'
 import {
   Badge,
@@ -111,33 +111,18 @@ interface ToolInputProps {
  * Represents a tool selected and configured in the workflow
  *
  * @remarks
- * Valid types include:
- * - Standard block types (e.g., 'api', 'search', 'function')
- * - 'custom-tool': User-defined tools with custom code
- * - 'mcp': Individual MCP tool from a connected server
- * - 'mcp-server': All tools from an MCP server (agent discovery mode).
- *   At execution time, this expands into individual tool definitions for
- *   all tools available on the server.
- *
  * For custom tools (new format), we only store: type, customToolId, usageControl, isExpanded.
  * Everything else (title, schema, code) is loaded dynamically from the database.
  * Legacy custom tools with inline schema/code are still supported for backwards compatibility.
  */
 interface StoredTool {
-  /**
+  /** Block type identifier */
-   * Block type identifier.
-   * 'mcp-server' enables server-level selection where all tools from
-   * the server are made available to the LLM at execution time.
-   */
   type: string
   /** Display title for the tool (optional for new custom tool format) */
   title?: string
   /** Direct tool ID for execution (optional for new custom tool format) */
   toolId?: string
-  /**
+  /** Parameter values configured by the user (optional for new custom tool format) */
-   * Parameter values configured by the user.
-   * For 'mcp-server' type, includes: serverId, serverUrl, serverName, toolCount
-   */
   params?: Record<string, string>
   /** Whether the tool details are expanded in UI */
   isExpanded?: boolean
@@ -1022,7 +1007,6 @@ export const ToolInput = memo(function ToolInput({
   const [draggedIndex, setDraggedIndex] = useState<number | null>(null)
   const [dragOverIndex, setDragOverIndex] = useState<number | null>(null)
   const [usageControlPopoverIndex, setUsageControlPopoverIndex] = useState<number | null>(null)
-  const [expandedMcpServers, setExpandedMcpServers] = useState<Set<string>>(new Set())
 
   const value = isPreview ? previewValue : storeValue
 
@@ -1252,18 +1236,6 @@ export const ToolInput = memo(function ToolInput({
     return selectedTools.some((tool) => tool.type === 'mcp' && tool.toolId === mcpToolId)
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Checks if an MCP server is already selected (all tools mode).
-   *
-   * @param serverId - The MCP server identifier to check
-   * @returns `true` if the MCP server is already selected
-   */
-  const isMcpServerAlreadySelected = (serverId: string): boolean => {
-    return selectedTools.some(
-      (tool) => tool.type === 'mcp-server' && tool.params?.serverId === serverId
-    )
-  }
-
   /**
    * Checks if a custom tool is already selected.
    *
@@ -1288,37 +1260,6 @@ export const ToolInput = memo(function ToolInput({
     )
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Groups MCP tools by their parent server.
-   *
-   * @returns Map of serverId to array of tools
-   */
-  const mcpToolsByServer = useMemo(() => {
-    const grouped = new Map<string, typeof availableMcpTools>()
-    for (const tool of availableMcpTools) {
-      if (!grouped.has(tool.serverId)) {
-        grouped.set(tool.serverId, [])
-      }
-      grouped.get(tool.serverId)!.push(tool)
-    }
-    return grouped
-  }, [availableMcpTools])
-
-  /**
-   * Toggles the expanded state of an MCP server in the dropdown.
-   */
-  const toggleMcpServerExpanded = useCallback((serverId: string) => {
-    setExpandedMcpServers((prev) => {
-      const next = new Set(prev)
-      if (next.has(serverId)) {
-        next.delete(serverId)
-      } else {
-        next.add(serverId)
-      }
-      return next
-    })
-  }, [])
-
   /**
    * Checks if a block supports multiple operations.
    *
@@ -1864,95 +1805,17 @@ export const ToolInput = memo(function ToolInput({
       })
     }
 
-    // MCP Servers section - grouped by server with expandable folders
+    // MCP Tools section
-    if (!permissionConfig.disableMcpTools && mcpToolsByServer.size > 0) {
+    if (!permissionConfig.disableMcpTools && availableMcpTools.length > 0) {
-      // Create items for each server (as expandable folders)
+      groups.push({
-      const serverItems: ComboboxOption[] = []
+        section: 'MCP Tools',
-
+        items: availableMcpTools.map((mcpTool) => {
-      for (const [serverId, tools] of mcpToolsByServer) {
+          const server = mcpServers.find((s) => s.id === mcpTool.serverId)
-        const server = mcpServers.find((s) => s.id === serverId)
+          const alreadySelected = isMcpToolAlreadySelected(mcpTool.id)
-        const serverName = tools[0]?.serverName || server?.name || 'Unknown Server'
+          return {
-        const isExpanded = expandedMcpServers.has(serverId)
-        const serverAlreadySelected = isMcpServerAlreadySelected(serverId)
-        const toolCount = tools.length
-
-        // Server folder header (clickable to expand/collapse)
-        serverItems.push({
-          label: serverName,
-          value: `mcp-server-folder-${serverId}`,
-          iconElement: (
-            <div className='flex items-center gap-[4px]'>
-              <ChevronRight
-                className={cn(
-                  'h-[12px] w-[12px] text-[var(--text-tertiary)] transition-transform',
-                  isExpanded && 'rotate-90'
-                )}
-              />
-              <div
-                className='flex h-[16px] w-[16px] flex-shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-[4px]'
-                style={{ background: '#6366F1' }}
-              >
-                <ServerIcon className='h-[10px] w-[10px] text-white' />
-              </div>
-            </div>
-          ),
-          onSelect: () => {
-            toggleMcpServerExpanded(serverId)
-          },
-          disabled: false,
-          keepOpen: true, // Keep dropdown open when toggling folder expansion
-        })
-
-        // If expanded, show "Use all tools" option and individual tools
-        if (isExpanded) {
-          // "Use all tools from server" option
-          serverItems.push({
-            label: `Use all ${toolCount} tools`,
-            value: `mcp-server-all-${serverId}`,
-            iconElement: (
-              <div className='ml-[20px] flex h-[16px] w-[16px] flex-shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-[4px] bg-[#6366F1]'>
-                <McpIcon className='h-[10px] w-[10px] text-white' />
-              </div>
-            ),
-            onSelect: () => {
-              if (serverAlreadySelected) return
-              // Remove any individual tools from this server that were previously selected
-              const filteredTools = selectedTools.filter(
-                (tool) => !(tool.type === 'mcp' && tool.params?.serverId === serverId)
-              )
-              const newTool: StoredTool = {
-                type: 'mcp-server',
-                title: `${serverName} (all tools)`,
-                toolId: `mcp-server-${serverId}`,
-                params: {
-                  serverId,
-                  ...(server?.url && { serverUrl: server.url }),
-                  serverName,
-                  toolCount: String(toolCount),
-                },
-                isExpanded: false,
-                usageControl: 'auto',
-              }
-              setStoreValue([
-                ...filteredTools.map((tool) => ({ ...tool, isExpanded: false })),
-                newTool,
-              ])
-              setOpen(false)
-            },
-            disabled: isPreview || disabled || serverAlreadySelected,
-          })
-
-          // Individual tools from this server
-          for (const mcpTool of tools) {
-            const alreadySelected = isMcpToolAlreadySelected(mcpTool.id) || serverAlreadySelected
-            serverItems.push({
             label: mcpTool.name,
             value: `mcp-${mcpTool.id}`,
-              iconElement: (
+            iconElement: createToolIcon(mcpTool.bgColor || '#6366F1', mcpTool.icon || McpIcon),
-                <div className='ml-[20px]'>
-                  {createToolIcon(mcpTool.bgColor || '#6366F1', mcpTool.icon || McpIcon)}
-                </div>
-              ),
             onSelect: () => {
               if (alreadySelected) return
               const newTool: StoredTool = {
@@ -1975,14 +1838,8 @@ export const ToolInput = memo(function ToolInput({
               handleMcpToolSelect(newTool, true)
             },
             disabled: isPreview || disabled || alreadySelected,
-            })
           }
-        }
+        }),
-      }
-
-      groups.push({
-        section: 'MCP Servers',
-        items: serverItems,
       })
     }
 
@@ -2065,8 +1922,6 @@ export const ToolInput = memo(function ToolInput({
     customTools,
     availableMcpTools,
     mcpServers,
-    mcpToolsByServer,
-    expandedMcpServers,
     toolBlocks,
     isPreview,
     disabled,
@@ -2080,10 +1935,8 @@ export const ToolInput = memo(function ToolInput({
     getToolIdForOperation,
     isToolAlreadySelected,
     isMcpToolAlreadySelected,
-    isMcpServerAlreadySelected,
     isCustomToolAlreadySelected,
     isWorkflowAlreadySelected,
-    toggleMcpServerExpanded,
   ])
 
   const toolRequiresOAuth = (toolId: string): boolean => {
@@ -2510,25 +2363,24 @@ export const ToolInput = memo(function ToolInput({
       {/* Selected Tools List */}
       {selectedTools.length > 0 &&
         selectedTools.map((tool, toolIndex) => {
-          // Handle custom tools, MCP tools, MCP servers, and workflow tools differently
+          // Handle custom tools, MCP tools, and workflow tools differently
           const isCustomTool = tool.type === 'custom-tool'
           const isMcpTool = tool.type === 'mcp'
-          const isMcpServer = tool.type === 'mcp-server'
           const isWorkflowTool = tool.type === 'workflow'
           const toolBlock =
-            !isCustomTool && !isMcpTool && !isMcpServer
+            !isCustomTool && !isMcpTool
               ? toolBlocks.find((block) => block.type === tool.type)
               : null
 
           // Get the current tool ID (may change based on operation)
           const currentToolId =
-            !isCustomTool && !isMcpTool && !isMcpServer
+            !isCustomTool && !isMcpTool
               ? getToolIdForOperation(tool.type, tool.operation) || tool.toolId || ''
               : tool.toolId || ''
 
           // Get tool parameters using the new utility with block type for UI components
           const toolParams =
-            !isCustomTool && !isMcpTool && !isMcpServer && currentToolId
+            !isCustomTool && !isMcpTool && currentToolId
               ? getToolParametersConfig(currentToolId, tool.type, {
                   operation: tool.operation,
                   ...tool.params,
@@ -2597,32 +2449,21 @@ export const ToolInput = memo(function ToolInput({
             ? customToolParams
             : isMcpTool
               ? mcpToolParams
-              : isMcpServer
-                ? [] // MCP servers have no user-configurable params
               : toolParams?.userInputParameters || []
 
           // Check if tool requires OAuth
           const requiresOAuth =
-            !isCustomTool &&
+            !isCustomTool && !isMcpTool && currentToolId && toolRequiresOAuth(currentToolId)
-            !isMcpTool &&
-            !isMcpServer &&
-            currentToolId &&
-            toolRequiresOAuth(currentToolId)
           const oauthConfig =
-            !isCustomTool && !isMcpTool && !isMcpServer && currentToolId
+            !isCustomTool && !isMcpTool && currentToolId ? getToolOAuthConfig(currentToolId) : null
-              ? getToolOAuthConfig(currentToolId)
-              : null
 
           // Determine if tool has expandable body content
-          const hasOperations =
+          const hasOperations = !isCustomTool && !isMcpTool && hasMultipleOperations(tool.type)
-            !isCustomTool && !isMcpTool && !isMcpServer && hasMultipleOperations(tool.type)
           const filteredDisplayParams = displayParams.filter((param) =>
             evaluateParameterCondition(param, tool)
           )
-          // MCP servers are expandable to show tool list
+          const hasToolBody =
-          const hasToolBody = isMcpServer
+            hasOperations || (requiresOAuth && oauthConfig) || filteredDisplayParams.length > 0
-            ? true
-            : hasOperations || (requiresOAuth && oauthConfig) || filteredDisplayParams.length > 0
 
           // Only show expansion if tool has body content
           const isExpandedForDisplay = hasToolBody
@@ -2631,11 +2472,6 @@ export const ToolInput = memo(function ToolInput({
               : !!tool.isExpanded
             : false
 
-          // For MCP servers, get the list of tools for display
-          const mcpServerTools = isMcpServer
-            ? availableMcpTools.filter((t) => t.serverId === tool.params?.serverId)
-            : []
-
           return (
             <div
               key={`${tool.customToolId || tool.toolId || toolIndex}-${toolIndex}`}
@@ -2672,7 +2508,7 @@ export const ToolInput = memo(function ToolInput({
                     style={{
                       backgroundColor: isCustomTool
                         ? '#3B82F6'
-                        : isMcpTool || isMcpServer
+                        : isMcpTool
                           ? mcpTool?.bgColor || '#6366F1'
                           : isWorkflowTool
                             ? '#6366F1'
@@ -2683,8 +2519,6 @@ export const ToolInput = memo(function ToolInput({
                       <WrenchIcon className='h-[10px] w-[10px] text-white' />
                     ) : isMcpTool ? (
                       <IconComponent icon={McpIcon} className='h-[10px] w-[10px] text-white' />
-                    ) : isMcpServer ? (
-                      <ServerIcon className='h-[10px] w-[10px] text-white' />
                     ) : isWorkflowTool ? (
                       <IconComponent icon={WorkflowIcon} className='h-[10px] w-[10px] text-white' />
                     ) : (
@@ -2697,11 +2531,6 @@ export const ToolInput = memo(function ToolInput({
                   <span className='truncate font-medium text-[13px] text-[var(--text-primary)]'>
                     {isCustomTool ? customToolTitle : tool.title}
                   </span>
-                  {isMcpServer && (
-                    <Badge variant='default' size='sm'>
-                      {tool.params?.toolCount || mcpServerTools.length} tools
-                    </Badge>
-                  )}
                   {isMcpTool &&
                     !mcpDataLoading &&
                     (() => {
@@ -2807,30 +2636,8 @@ export const ToolInput = memo(function ToolInput({
 
               {!isCustomTool && isExpandedForDisplay && (
                 <div className='flex flex-col gap-[10px] overflow-visible rounded-b-[4px] border-[var(--border-1)] border-t px-[8px] py-[8px]'>
-                  {/* MCP Server tool list (read-only) */}
-                  {isMcpServer && mcpServerTools.length > 0 && (
-                    <div className='flex flex-col gap-[4px]'>
-                      <div className='font-medium text-[12px] text-[var(--text-tertiary)]'>
-                        Available tools:
-                      </div>
-                      <div className='flex flex-wrap gap-[4px]'>
-                        {mcpServerTools.map((serverTool) => (
-                          <Badge
-                            key={serverTool.id}
-                            variant='outline'
-                            size='sm'
-                            className='text-[11px]'
-                          >
-                            {serverTool.name}
-                          </Badge>
-                        ))}
-                      </div>
-                    </div>
-                  )}
-
                   {/* Operation dropdown for tools with multiple operations */}
-                  {!isMcpServer &&
+                  {(() => {
-                    (() => {
                     const hasOperations = hasMultipleOperations(tool.type)
                     const operationOptions = hasOperations ? getOperationOptions(tool.type) : []
 

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/components/editor/editor.tsx

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ import {
   ChevronUp,
   ExternalLink,
   Loader2,
+  Lock,
   Pencil,
+  Unlock,
 } from 'lucide-react'
 import { useParams } from 'next/navigation'
 import { useShallow } from 'zustand/react/shallow'
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ import { useCollaborativeWorkflow } from '@/hooks/use-collaborative-workflow'
 import { usePanelEditorStore } from '@/stores/panel'
 import { useWorkflowRegistry } from '@/stores/workflows/registry/store'
 import { useSubBlockStore } from '@/stores/workflows/subblock/store'
+import { useWorkflowStore } from '@/stores/workflows/workflow/store'
 
 /** Stable empty object to avoid creating new references */
 const EMPTY_SUBBLOCK_VALUES = {} as Record<string, any>
@@ -75,19 +78,13 @@ const IconComponent = ({ icon: Icon, className }: { icon: any; className?: strin
  * @returns Editor panel content
  */
 export function Editor() {
-  const {
+  const { currentBlockId, connectionsHeight, toggleConnectionsCollapsed, registerRenameCallback } =
-    currentBlockId,
+    usePanelEditorStore(
-    connectionsHeight,
-    toggleConnectionsCollapsed,
-    shouldFocusRename,
-    setShouldFocusRename,
-  } = usePanelEditorStore(
       useShallow((state) => ({
         currentBlockId: state.currentBlockId,
         connectionsHeight: state.connectionsHeight,
         toggleConnectionsCollapsed: state.toggleConnectionsCollapsed,
-      shouldFocusRename: state.shouldFocusRename,
+        registerRenameCallback: state.registerRenameCallback,
-      setShouldFocusRename: state.setShouldFocusRename,
       }))
     )
   const currentWorkflow = useCurrentWorkflow()
@@ -110,6 +107,14 @@ export function Editor() {
 
   const userPermissions = useUserPermissionsContext()
 
+  // Check if block is locked (or inside a locked container) and compute edit permission
+  // Locked blocks cannot be edited by anyone (admins can only lock/unlock)
+  const blocks = useWorkflowStore((state) => state.blocks)
+  const parentId = currentBlock?.data?.parentId as string | undefined
+  const isParentLocked = parentId ? (blocks[parentId]?.locked ?? false) : false
+  const isLocked = (currentBlock?.locked ?? false) || isParentLocked
+  const canEditBlock = userPermissions.canEdit && !isLocked
+
   const activeWorkflowId = useWorkflowRegistry((state) => state.activeWorkflowId)
 
   const { advancedMode, triggerMode } = useEditorBlockProperties(
@@ -147,9 +152,7 @@ export function Editor() {
     () => hasAdvancedValues(subBlocksForCanonical, blockSubBlockValues, canonicalIndex),
     [subBlocksForCanonical, blockSubBlockValues, canonicalIndex]
   )
-  const displayAdvancedOptions = userPermissions.canEdit
+  const displayAdvancedOptions = canEditBlock ? advancedMode : advancedMode || advancedValuesPresent
-    ? advancedMode
-    : advancedMode || advancedValuesPresent
 
   const hasAdvancedOnlyFields = useMemo(() => {
     for (const subBlock of subBlocksForCanonical) {
@@ -210,15 +213,17 @@ export function Editor() {
     collaborativeSetBlockCanonicalMode,
     collaborativeUpdateBlockName,
     collaborativeToggleBlockAdvancedMode,
+    collaborativeBatchToggleLocked,
   } = useCollaborativeWorkflow()
 
   const handleToggleAdvancedMode = useCallback(() => {
-    if (!currentBlockId || !userPermissions.canEdit) return
+    if (!currentBlockId || !canEditBlock) return
     collaborativeToggleBlockAdvancedMode(currentBlockId)
-  }, [currentBlockId, userPermissions.canEdit, collaborativeToggleBlockAdvancedMode])
+  }, [currentBlockId, canEditBlock, collaborativeToggleBlockAdvancedMode])
 
   const [isRenaming, setIsRenaming] = useState(false)
   const [editedName, setEditedName] = useState('')
+  const renamingBlockIdRef = useRef<string | null>(null)
 
   /**
    * Ref callback that auto-selects the input text when mounted.
@@ -230,44 +235,62 @@ export function Editor() {
   }, [])
 
   /**
-   * Handles starting the rename process.
+   * Starts the rename process for the current block.
+   * Reads from stores directly to avoid stale closures when called via registered callback.
+   * Captures the block ID in a ref to ensure the correct block is renamed even if selection changes.
    */
   const handleStartRename = useCallback(() => {
-    if (!userPermissions.canEdit || !currentBlock) return
+    const blockId = usePanelEditorStore.getState().currentBlockId
-    setEditedName(currentBlock.name || '')
+    if (!blockId) return
+
+    const blocks = useWorkflowStore.getState().blocks
+    const block = blocks[blockId]
+    if (!block) return
+
+    const parentId = block.data?.parentId as string | undefined
+    const isParentLocked = parentId ? (blocks[parentId]?.locked ?? false) : false
+    const isLocked = (block.locked ?? false) || isParentLocked
+    if (!userPermissions.canEdit || isLocked) return
+
+    renamingBlockIdRef.current = blockId
+    setEditedName(block.name || '')
     setIsRenaming(true)
-  }, [userPermissions.canEdit, currentBlock])
+  }, [userPermissions.canEdit])
 
   /**
-   * Handles saving the renamed block.
+   * Saves the renamed block using the captured block ID from when rename started.
    */
   const handleSaveRename = useCallback(() => {
-    if (!currentBlockId || !isRenaming) return
+    const blockIdToRename = renamingBlockIdRef.current
+    if (!blockIdToRename || !isRenaming) return
+
+    const blocks = useWorkflowStore.getState().blocks
+    const blockToRename = blocks[blockIdToRename]
 
     const trimmedName = editedName.trim()
-    if (trimmedName && trimmedName !== currentBlock?.name) {
+    if (trimmedName && blockToRename && trimmedName !== blockToRename.name) {
-      const result = collaborativeUpdateBlockName(currentBlockId, trimmedName)
+      const result = collaborativeUpdateBlockName(blockIdToRename, trimmedName)
       if (!result.success) {
         return
       }
     }
+    renamingBlockIdRef.current = null
     setIsRenaming(false)
-  }, [currentBlockId, isRenaming, editedName, currentBlock?.name, collaborativeUpdateBlockName])
+  }, [isRenaming, editedName, collaborativeUpdateBlockName])
 
   /**
    * Handles canceling the rename process.
    */
   const handleCancelRename = useCallback(() => {
+    renamingBlockIdRef.current = null
     setIsRenaming(false)
     setEditedName('')
   }, [])
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    if (shouldFocusRename && currentBlock) {
+    registerRenameCallback(handleStartRename)
-      handleStartRename()
+    return () => registerRenameCallback(null)
-      setShouldFocusRename(false)
+  }, [registerRenameCallback, handleStartRename])
-    }
-  }, [shouldFocusRename, currentBlock, handleStartRename, setShouldFocusRename])
 
   /**
    * Handles opening documentation link in a new secure tab.
@@ -341,6 +364,36 @@ export function Editor() {
           )}
         </div>
         <div className='flex shrink-0 items-center gap-[8px]'>
+          {/* Locked indicator - clickable to unlock if user has admin permissions, block is locked, and parent is not locked */}
+          {isLocked && currentBlock && (
+            <Tooltip.Root>
+              <Tooltip.Trigger asChild>
+                {userPermissions.canAdmin && currentBlock.locked && !isParentLocked ? (
+                  <Button
+                    variant='ghost'
+                    className='p-0'
+                    onClick={() => collaborativeBatchToggleLocked([currentBlockId!])}
+                    aria-label='Unlock block'
+                  >
+                    <Unlock className='h-[14px] w-[14px] text-[var(--text-secondary)]' />
+                  </Button>
+                ) : (
+                  <div className='flex items-center justify-center'>
+                    <Lock className='h-[14px] w-[14px] text-[var(--text-secondary)]' />
+                  </div>
+                )}
+              </Tooltip.Trigger>
+              <Tooltip.Content side='top'>
+                <p>
+                  {isParentLocked
+                    ? 'Parent container is locked'
+                    : userPermissions.canAdmin && currentBlock.locked
+                      ? 'Unlock block'
+                      : 'Block is locked'}
+                </p>
+              </Tooltip.Content>
+            </Tooltip.Root>
+          )}
           {/* Rename button */}
           {currentBlock && (
             <Tooltip.Root>
@@ -349,7 +402,7 @@ export function Editor() {
                   variant='ghost'
                   className='p-0'
                   onClick={isRenaming ? handleSaveRename : handleStartRename}
-                  disabled={!userPermissions.canEdit}
+                  disabled={!canEditBlock}
                   aria-label={isRenaming ? 'Save name' : 'Rename block'}
                 >
                   {isRenaming ? (
@@ -415,7 +468,7 @@ export function Editor() {
           incomingConnections={incomingConnections}
           handleConnectionsResizeMouseDown={handleConnectionsResizeMouseDown}
           toggleConnectionsCollapsed={toggleConnectionsCollapsed}
-          userCanEdit={userPermissions.canEdit}
+          userCanEdit={canEditBlock}
           isConnectionsAtMinHeight={isConnectionsAtMinHeight}
         />
       ) : (
@@ -517,14 +570,14 @@ export function Editor() {
                           config={subBlock}
                           isPreview={false}
                           subBlockValues={subBlockState}
-                          disabled={!userPermissions.canEdit}
+                          disabled={!canEditBlock}
                           fieldDiffStatus={undefined}
                           allowExpandInPreview={false}
                           canonicalToggle={
                             isCanonicalSwap && canonicalMode && canonicalId
                               ? {
                                   mode: canonicalMode,
-                                  disabled: !userPermissions.canEdit,
+                                  disabled: !canEditBlock,
                                   onToggle: () => {
                                     if (!currentBlockId) return
                                     const nextMode =
@@ -548,7 +601,7 @@ export function Editor() {
                     )
                   })}
 
-                  {hasAdvancedOnlyFields && userPermissions.canEdit && (
+                  {hasAdvancedOnlyFields && canEditBlock && (
                     <div className='flex items-center gap-[10px] px-[2px] pt-[14px] pb-[12px]'>
                       <div className='h-[1.25px] flex-1' style={DASHED_DIVIDER_STYLE} />
                       <button
@@ -581,7 +634,7 @@ export function Editor() {
                           config={subBlock}
                           isPreview={false}
                           subBlockValues={subBlockState}
-                          disabled={!userPermissions.canEdit}
+                          disabled={!canEditBlock}
                           fieldDiffStatus={undefined}
                           allowExpandInPreview={false}
                         />

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/panel/panel.tsx

@@ -45,11 +45,13 @@ import { useWorkflowExecution } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowI
 import { useDeleteWorkflow, useImportWorkflow } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/hooks'
 import { usePermissionConfig } from '@/hooks/use-permission-config'
 import { useChatStore } from '@/stores/chat/store'
+import { useNotificationStore } from '@/stores/notifications/store'
 import type { PanelTab } from '@/stores/panel'
 import { usePanelStore, useVariablesStore as usePanelVariablesStore } from '@/stores/panel'
 import { useVariablesStore } from '@/stores/variables/store'
 import { getWorkflowWithValues } from '@/stores/workflows'
 import { useWorkflowRegistry } from '@/stores/workflows/registry/store'
+import { useWorkflowStore } from '@/stores/workflows/workflow/store'
 
 const logger = createLogger('Panel')
 /**
@@ -119,6 +121,11 @@ export const Panel = memo(function Panel() {
     hydration.phase === 'state-loading'
   const { handleAutoLayout: autoLayoutWithFitView } = useAutoLayout(activeWorkflowId || null)
 
+  // Check for locked blocks (disables auto-layout)
+  const hasLockedBlocks = useWorkflowStore((state) =>
+    Object.values(state.blocks).some((block) => block.locked)
+  )
+
   // Delete workflow hook
   const { isDeleting, handleDeleteWorkflow } = useDeleteWorkflow({
     workspaceId,
@@ -230,11 +237,24 @@ export const Panel = memo(function Panel() {
 
     setIsAutoLayouting(true)
     try {
-      await autoLayoutWithFitView()
+      const result = await autoLayoutWithFitView()
+      if (!result.success && result.error) {
+        useNotificationStore.getState().addNotification({
+          level: 'info',
+          message: result.error,
+          workflowId: activeWorkflowId || undefined,
+        })
+      }
     } finally {
       setIsAutoLayouting(false)
     }
-  }, [isExecuting, userPermissions.canEdit, isAutoLayouting, autoLayoutWithFitView])
+  }, [
+    isExecuting,
+    userPermissions.canEdit,
+    isAutoLayouting,
+    autoLayoutWithFitView,
+    activeWorkflowId,
+  ])
 
   /**
    * Handles exporting workflow as JSON
@@ -404,7 +424,10 @@ export const Panel = memo(function Panel() {
                 <PopoverContent align='start' side='bottom' sideOffset={8}>
                   <PopoverItem
                     onClick={handleAutoLayout}
-                    disabled={isExecuting || !userPermissions.canEdit || isAutoLayouting}
+                    disabled={
+                      isExecuting || !userPermissions.canEdit || isAutoLayouting || hasLockedBlocks
+                    }
+                    title={hasLockedBlocks ? 'Unlock blocks to use auto-layout' : undefined}
                   >
                     <Layout className='h-3 w-3' animate={isAutoLayouting} variant='clockwise' />
                     <span>Auto layout</span>

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/subflows/subflow-node.tsx

@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ export const SubflowNodeComponent = memo(({ data, id, selected }: NodeProps<Subf
       : undefined
 
   const isEnabled = currentBlock?.enabled ?? true
+  const isLocked = currentBlock?.locked ?? false
   const isPreview = data?.isPreview || false
 
   // Focus state
@@ -200,7 +201,10 @@ export const SubflowNodeComponent = memo(({ data, id, selected }: NodeProps<Subf
                 {blockName}
               </span>
             </div>
+            <div className='flex items-center gap-1'>
               {!isEnabled && <Badge variant='gray-secondary'>disabled</Badge>}
+              {isLocked && <Badge variant='gray-secondary'>locked</Badge>}
+            </div>
           </div>
 
           {!isPreview && (

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/terminal/hooks/use-terminal-filters.ts

@@ -105,11 +105,9 @@ export function useTerminalFilters() {
         })
       }
 
-      // Apply sorting by timestamp
+      // Sort by executionOrder (monotonically increasing integer from server)
       result = [...result].sort((a, b) => {
-        const timeA = new Date(a.timestamp).getTime()
+        const comparison = a.executionOrder - b.executionOrder
-        const timeB = new Date(b.timestamp).getTime()
-        const comparison = timeA - timeB
         return sortConfig.direction === 'asc' ? comparison : -comparison
       })
 

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/terminal/terminal.tsx

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import {
   Tooltip,
 } from '@/components/emcn'
 import { getEnv, isTruthy } from '@/lib/core/config/env'
+import { formatDuration } from '@/lib/core/utils/formatting'
 import { useRegisterGlobalCommands } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/providers/global-commands-provider'
 import { createCommands } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/utils/commands-utils'
 import {
@@ -43,7 +44,6 @@ import {
   type EntryNode,
   type ExecutionGroup,
   flattenBlockEntriesOnly,
-  formatDuration,
   getBlockColor,
   getBlockIcon,
   groupEntriesByExecution,
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ const BlockRow = memo(function BlockRow({
         <StatusDisplay
           isRunning={isRunning}
           isCanceled={isCanceled}
-          formattedDuration={formatDuration(entry.durationMs)}
+          formattedDuration={formatDuration(entry.durationMs, { precision: 2 }) ?? '-'}
         />
       </span>
     </div>
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ const IterationNodeRow = memo(function IterationNodeRow({
           <StatusDisplay
             isRunning={hasRunningChild}
             isCanceled={hasCanceledChild}
-            formattedDuration={formatDuration(entry.durationMs)}
+            formattedDuration={formatDuration(entry.durationMs, { precision: 2 }) ?? '-'}
           />
         </span>
       </div>
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ const SubflowNodeRow = memo(function SubflowNodeRow({
           <StatusDisplay
             isRunning={hasRunningDescendant}
             isCanceled={hasCanceledDescendant}
-            formattedDuration={formatDuration(entry.durationMs)}
+            formattedDuration={formatDuration(entry.durationMs, { precision: 2 }) ?? '-'}
           />
         </span>
       </div>

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/terminal/utils.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type React from 'react'
-import { RepeatIcon, SplitIcon } from 'lucide-react'
+import { AlertTriangleIcon, BanIcon, RepeatIcon, SplitIcon, XCircleIcon } from 'lucide-react'
 import { getBlock } from '@/blocks'
 import { TERMINAL_BLOCK_COLUMN_WIDTH } from '@/stores/constants'
 import type { ConsoleEntry } from '@/stores/terminal'
@@ -12,6 +12,15 @@ const SUBFLOW_COLORS = {
   parallel: '#FEE12B',
 } as const
 
+/**
+ * Special block type colors for errors and system messages
+ */
+const SPECIAL_BLOCK_COLORS = {
+  error: '#ef4444',
+  validation: '#f59e0b',
+  cancelled: '#6b7280',
+} as const
+
 /**
  * Retrieves the icon component for a given block type
  */
@@ -32,6 +41,18 @@ export function getBlockIcon(
     return SplitIcon
   }
 
+  if (blockType === 'error') {
+    return XCircleIcon
+  }
+
+  if (blockType === 'validation') {
+    return AlertTriangleIcon
+  }
+
+  if (blockType === 'cancelled') {
+    return BanIcon
+  }
+
   return null
 }
 
@@ -50,20 +71,19 @@ export function getBlockColor(blockType: string): string {
   if (blockType === 'parallel') {
     return SUBFLOW_COLORS.parallel
   }
+  // Special block types for errors and system messages
+  if (blockType === 'error') {
+    return SPECIAL_BLOCK_COLORS.error
+  }
+  if (blockType === 'validation') {
+    return SPECIAL_BLOCK_COLORS.validation
+  }
+  if (blockType === 'cancelled') {
+    return SPECIAL_BLOCK_COLORS.cancelled
+  }
   return '#6b7280'
 }
 
-/**
- * Formats duration from milliseconds to readable format
- */
-export function formatDuration(ms?: number): string {
-  if (ms === undefined || ms === null) return '-'
-  if (ms < 1000) {
-    return `${Math.round(ms)}ms`
-  }
-  return `${(ms / 1000).toFixed(2)}s`
-}
-
 /**
  * Determines if a keyboard event originated from a text-editable element
  */
@@ -195,13 +215,9 @@ function buildEntryTree(entries: ConsoleEntry[]): EntryNode[] {
     group.blocks.push(entry)
   }
 
-  // Sort blocks within each iteration by start time ascending (oldest first, top-down)
+  // Sort blocks within each iteration by executionOrder ascending (oldest first, top-down)
   for (const group of iterationGroupsMap.values()) {
-    group.blocks.sort((a, b) => {
+    group.blocks.sort((a, b) => a.executionOrder - b.executionOrder)
-      const aStart = new Date(a.startedAt || a.timestamp).getTime()
-      const bStart = new Date(b.startedAt || b.timestamp).getTime()
-      return aStart - bStart
-    })
   }
 
   // Group iterations by iterationType to create subflow parents
@@ -236,6 +252,8 @@ function buildEntryTree(entries: ConsoleEntry[]): EntryNode[] {
     const totalDuration = allBlocks.reduce((sum, b) => sum + (b.durationMs || 0), 0)
 
     // Create synthetic subflow parent entry
+    // Use the minimum executionOrder from all child blocks for proper ordering
+    const subflowExecutionOrder = Math.min(...allBlocks.map((b) => b.executionOrder))
     const syntheticSubflow: ConsoleEntry = {
       id: `subflow-${iterationType}-${firstIteration.blocks[0]?.executionId || 'unknown'}`,
       timestamp: new Date(subflowStartMs).toISOString(),
@@ -245,6 +263,7 @@ function buildEntryTree(entries: ConsoleEntry[]): EntryNode[] {
       blockType: iterationType,
       executionId: firstIteration.blocks[0]?.executionId,
       startedAt: new Date(subflowStartMs).toISOString(),
+      executionOrder: subflowExecutionOrder,
       endedAt: new Date(subflowEndMs).toISOString(),
       durationMs: totalDuration,
       success: !allBlocks.some((b) => b.error),
@@ -262,6 +281,8 @@ function buildEntryTree(entries: ConsoleEntry[]): EntryNode[] {
       )
       const iterDuration = iterBlocks.reduce((sum, b) => sum + (b.durationMs || 0), 0)
 
+      // Use the minimum executionOrder from blocks in this iteration
+      const iterExecutionOrder = Math.min(...iterBlocks.map((b) => b.executionOrder))
       const syntheticIteration: ConsoleEntry = {
         id: `iteration-${iterationType}-${iterGroup.iterationCurrent}-${iterBlocks[0]?.executionId || 'unknown'}`,
         timestamp: new Date(iterStartMs).toISOString(),
@@ -271,6 +292,7 @@ function buildEntryTree(entries: ConsoleEntry[]): EntryNode[] {
         blockType: iterationType,
         executionId: iterBlocks[0]?.executionId,
         startedAt: new Date(iterStartMs).toISOString(),
+        executionOrder: iterExecutionOrder,
         endedAt: new Date(iterEndMs).toISOString(),
         durationMs: iterDuration,
         success: !iterBlocks.some((b) => b.error),
@@ -311,14 +333,9 @@ function buildEntryTree(entries: ConsoleEntry[]): EntryNode[] {
     nodeType: 'block' as const,
   }))
 
-  // Combine all nodes and sort by start time ascending (oldest first, top-down)
+  // Combine all nodes and sort by executionOrder ascending (oldest first, top-down)
   const allNodes = [...subflowNodes, ...regularNodes]
-  allNodes.sort((a, b) => {
+  allNodes.sort((a, b) => a.entry.executionOrder - b.entry.executionOrder)
-    const aStart = new Date(a.entry.startedAt || a.entry.timestamp).getTime()
-    const bStart = new Date(b.entry.startedAt || b.entry.timestamp).getTime()
-    return aStart - bStart
-  })
-
   return allNodes
 }
 

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/training-modal/training-modal.tsx

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import {
   Textarea,
 } from '@/components/emcn'
 import { cn } from '@/lib/core/utils/cn'
+import { formatDuration } from '@/lib/core/utils/formatting'
 import { sanitizeForCopilot } from '@/lib/workflows/sanitization/json-sanitizer'
 import { formatEditSequence } from '@/lib/workflows/training/compute-edit-sequence'
 import { useCurrentWorkflow } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/hooks/use-current-workflow'
@@ -575,7 +576,9 @@ export function TrainingModal() {
                                     <span className='text-[var(--text-muted)]'>Duration:</span>{' '}
                                     <span className='text-[var(--text-secondary)]'>
                                       {dataset.metadata?.duration
-                                        ? `${(dataset.metadata.duration / 1000).toFixed(1)}s`
+                                        ? formatDuration(dataset.metadata.duration, {
+                                            precision: 1,
+                                          })
                                         : 'N/A'}
                                     </span>
                                   </div>

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/workflow-block/hooks/use-block-state.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ export interface UseBlockStateReturn {
   diffStatus: DiffStatus
   /** Whether this is a deleted block in diff mode */
   isDeletedBlock: boolean
+  /** Whether the block is locked */
+  isLocked: boolean
 }
 
 /**
@@ -40,6 +42,11 @@ export function useBlockState(
     ? (data.blockState?.enabled ?? true)
     : (currentBlock?.enabled ?? true)
 
+  // Determine if block is locked
+  const isLocked = data.isPreview
+    ? (data.blockState?.locked ?? false)
+    : (currentBlock?.locked ?? false)
+
   // Get diff status
   const diffStatus: DiffStatus =
     currentWorkflow.isDiffMode && currentBlock && hasDiffStatus(currentBlock)
@@ -68,5 +75,6 @@ export function useBlockState(
     isActive,
     diffStatus,
     isDeletedBlock: isDeletedBlock ?? false,
+    isLocked,
   }
 }

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/components/workflow-block/workflow-block.tsx

@@ -672,6 +672,7 @@ export const WorkflowBlock = memo(function WorkflowBlock({
     currentWorkflow,
     activeWorkflowId,
     isEnabled,
+    isLocked,
     handleClick,
     hasRing,
     ringStyles,
@@ -1100,7 +1101,7 @@ export const WorkflowBlock = memo(function WorkflowBlock({
               {name}
             </span>
           </div>
-          <div className='relative z-10 flex flex-shrink-0 items-center gap-2'>
+          <div className='relative z-10 flex flex-shrink-0 items-center gap-1'>
             {isWorkflowSelector &&
               childWorkflowId &&
               typeof childIsDeployed === 'boolean' &&
@@ -1133,6 +1134,7 @@ export const WorkflowBlock = memo(function WorkflowBlock({
                 </Tooltip.Root>
               )}
             {!isEnabled && <Badge variant='gray-secondary'>disabled</Badge>}
+            {isLocked && <Badge variant='gray-secondary'>locked</Badge>}
 
             {type === 'schedule' && shouldShowScheduleBadge && scheduleInfo?.isDisabled && (
               <Tooltip.Root>

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/hooks/use-block-output-fields.ts

@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ export function useBlockOutputFields({
           baseOutputs = {
             input: { type: 'string', description: 'User message' },
             conversationId: { type: 'string', description: 'Conversation ID' },
-            files: { type: 'files', description: 'Uploaded files' },
+            files: { type: 'file[]', description: 'Uploaded files' },
           }
         } else {
           const inputFormatValue = mergedSubBlocks?.inputFormat?.value

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/[workflowId]/hooks/use-block-visual.ts

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ export function useBlockVisual({
     isActive: isExecuting,
     diffStatus,
     isDeletedBlock,
+    isLocked,
   } = useBlockState(blockId, currentWorkflow, data)
 
   const currentBlockId = usePanelEditorStore((state) => state.currentBlockId)
@@ -103,6 +104,7 @@ export function useBlockVisual({
     currentWorkflow,
     activeWorkflowId,
     isEnabled,
+    isLocked,
     handleClick,
     hasRing,
     ringStyles,