feat(gpu): add support for GPU-accelerated expand on the HL Api

- includes documentation about GPU's accelerated expand on the HL API
- rework CudaKeySwitchingKey
- Cloning the key is no longer necessary on the HL API

tfhe/docs/configuration/gpu_acceleration/zk-pok.md

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# Zero-knowledge proofs
+
+Zero-knowledge proofs (ZK) are a powerful tool to assert that the encryption of a message is correct, as discussed in [advanced features](../../fhe-computation/advanced-features/zk-pok.md).
+However, computation is not possible on the type of ciphertexts it produces (i.e. `ProvenCompactCiphertextList`). This document explains how to use the GPU to accelerate the
+preprocessing step needed to convert ciphertexts formatted for ZK to ciphertexts in the right format for computation purposes on GPU. This 
+operation is called "expansion".
+
+## Proven compact ciphertext list
+
+A proven compact list of ciphertexts can be seen as a compacted collection of ciphertexts for which encryption can be verified.
+This verification is currently only supported on the CPU, but the expansion can be accelerated using the GPU.
+This way, verification and expansion can be performed in parallel, efficiently using all the available computational resources.
+
+## Supported types
+Encrypted messages can be integers (like FheUint64) or booleans. The GPU backend does not currently support encrypted strings.
+
+{% hint style="info" %}
+You can enable this feature using the flag: `--features=zk-pok,gpu` when building **TFHE-rs**.
+{% endhint %}
+
+
+## Example
+
+The following example shows how a client can encrypt and prove a ciphertext, and how a server can verify the proof, preprocess the ciphertext and run a computation on it on GPU:
+
+```rust
+use rand::random;
+use tfhe::CompressedServerKey;
+use tfhe::prelude::*;
+use tfhe::set_server_key;
+use tfhe::zk::{CompactPkeCrs, ZkComputeLoad};
+
+pub fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let params = tfhe::shortint::parameters::PARAM_GPU_MULTI_BIT_GROUP_4_MESSAGE_2_CARRY_2_KS_PBS_TUNIFORM_2M128;
+    // Indicate which parameters to use for the Compact Public Key encryption
+    let cpk_params = tfhe::shortint::parameters::PARAM_PKE_MESSAGE_2_CARRY_2_KS_PBS_TUNIFORM_2M128;
+    // And parameters allowing to keyswitch/cast to the computation parameters.
+    let casting_params = tfhe::shortint::parameters::PARAM_KEYSWITCH_MESSAGE_2_CARRY_2_KS_PBS_TUNIFORM_2M128;
+    // Enable the dedicated parameters on the config
+    let config = tfhe::ConfigBuilder::with_custom_parameters(params)
+        .use_dedicated_compact_public_key_parameters((cpk_params, casting_params)).build();
+
+    // The CRS should be generated in an offline phase then shared to all clients and the server
+    let crs = CompactPkeCrs::from_config(config, 64).unwrap();
+
+    // Then use TFHE-rs as usual
+    let client_key = tfhe::ClientKey::generate(config);
+    let compressed_server_key = CompressedServerKey::new(&client_key);
+    let gpu_server_key = compressed_server_key.decompress_to_gpu();
+
+    let public_key = tfhe::CompactPublicKey::try_new(&client_key).unwrap();
+    // This can be left empty, but if provided allows to tie the proof to arbitrary data
+    let metadata = [b'T', b'F', b'H', b'E', b'-', b'r', b's'];
+
+    let clear_a = random::<u64>();
+    let clear_b = random::<u64>();
+
+    let proven_compact_list = tfhe::ProvenCompactCiphertextList::builder(&public_key)
+        .push(clear_a)
+        .push(clear_b)
+        .build_with_proof_packed(&crs, &metadata, ZkComputeLoad::Verify)?;
+
+    // Server side
+    let result = {
+        set_server_key(gpu_server_key);
+
+        // Verify the ciphertexts
+        let expander =
+            proven_compact_list.verify_and_expand(&crs, &public_key, &metadata)?;
+        let a: tfhe::FheUint64 = expander.get(0)?.unwrap();
+        let b: tfhe::FheUint64 = expander.get(1)?.unwrap();
+
+        a + b
+    };
+
+    // Back on the client side
+    let a_plus_b: u64 = result.decrypt(&client_key);
+    assert_eq!(a_plus_b, clear_a.wrapping_add(clear_b));
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+```