from typing import Tuple, Union, Optional, Dict
from tinygrad import Tensor, Variable, TinyJit, dtypes, nn, Device
from tinygrad.helpers import getenv

# https://github.com/facebookresearch/llama/blob/1076b9c51c77ad06e9d7ba8a4c6df775741732bd/llama/model.py#L47
def precompute_freqs_cis(dim: int, end: int, theta: float = 10000.0) -> Tensor:
  freqs = 1.0 / (theta ** (Tensor.arange(0, dim, 2)[:(dim // 2)] / dim))
  freqs = Tensor.arange(end).unsqueeze(dim=1)*freqs.unsqueeze(dim=0)
  return Tensor.stack([Tensor.cos(freqs), Tensor.sin(freqs)], dim=-1).reshape(1, end, 1, dim//2, 2)

# (a+i*b) * (c+i*d) = (ac-bd) + i*(ad+bc)
def complex_mult(A, c, d):
  a,b = A[:, :, :, :, 0:1], A[:, :, :, :, 1:2]
  ro = a*c - b*d
  co = a*d + b*c
  return ro.cat(co, dim=-1)

def apply_rotary_emb(xq, xk, freqs_cis) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]:
  assert freqs_cis.shape[1] == xq.shape[1] and freqs_cis.shape[1] == xk.shape[1], f"freqs_cis shape mismatch {freqs_cis.shape} xq:{xq.shape} xk:{xk.shape}"
  xq = xq.reshape(*xq.shape[0:-1], -1, 2)
  xk = xk.reshape(*xk.shape[0:-1], -1, 2)
  assert len(xq.shape) == 5 and len(xk.shape) == 5 and len(freqs_cis.shape) == 5
  c, d = freqs_cis[:, :xq.shape[1], :, :, 0:1], freqs_cis[:, :xq.shape[1], :, :, 1:2]
  xq_out = complex_mult(xq, c, d)
  xk_out = complex_mult(xk, c, d)
  return xq_out.flatten(3), xk_out.flatten(3)

def repeat_kv(x:Tensor, n_rep:int) -> Tensor:
  bs, seqlen, n_kv_heads, head_dim = x.shape
  if n_rep == 1: return x
  return x.reshape(bs, seqlen, n_kv_heads, 1, head_dim).expand(bs, seqlen, n_kv_heads, n_rep, head_dim).reshape(bs, seqlen, n_kv_heads * n_rep, head_dim)

class RMSNorm:
  def __init__(self, dim, eps=1e-6):
    self.eps = eps
    self.weight = Tensor.ones(dim)

  def __call__(self, x:Tensor):
    # TODO: convert to float?
    return (x * (x.pow(2).mean(-1, keepdim=True) + self.eps).rsqrt()) * self.weight

class Attention:
  def __init__(self, dim, n_heads, n_kv_heads, max_context, linear=nn.Linear):
    self.n_heads = n_heads
    self.n_kv_heads = n_kv_heads if n_kv_heads is not None else n_heads # n_kv_heads != n_heads implies MQA [arxiv/2307.09288, A.2.1]
    self.head_dim = dim // n_heads
    self.n_rep = self.n_heads // self.n_kv_heads
    self.max_context = max_context

    self.wq = linear(dim, self.n_heads * self.head_dim, bias=False)
    self.wk = linear(dim, self.n_kv_heads * self.head_dim, bias=False)
    self.wv = linear(dim, self.n_kv_heads * self.head_dim, bias=False)
    self.wo = linear(self.n_heads * self.head_dim, dim, bias=False)

  def __call__(self, x:Tensor, start_pos:Union[Variable,int], freqs_cis:Tensor, mask:Optional[Tensor]) -> Tensor:
    xq, xk, xv = self.wq(x), self.wk(x), self.wv(x)
    xq = xq.reshape(xq.shape[0], xq.shape[1], self.n_heads, self.head_dim)
    xk = xk.reshape(xk.shape[0], xk.shape[1], self.n_kv_heads, self.head_dim)
    xv = xv.reshape(xv.shape[0], xv.shape[1], self.n_kv_heads, self.head_dim)
    xq, xk = apply_rotary_emb(xq, xk, freqs_cis=freqs_cis)
    bsz, seqlen, n_heads, head_dim = xq.shape

    # create kv cache
    if not hasattr(self, "cache_k"):
      self.cache_k, self.cache_v = Tensor.zeros(bsz, self.max_context, self.n_kv_heads, self.head_dim), Tensor.zeros(bsz, self.max_context, self.n_kv_heads, self.head_dim)

    keys = self.cache_k.shrink((None, (0, start_pos), None, None)).cat(xk, dim=1)
    values = self.cache_v.shrink((None, (0, start_pos), None, None)).cat(xv, dim=1)

    # update the cache
    self.cache_k.assign(keys.pad((None,(0,self.max_context-start_pos-seqlen),None,None)).contiguous()).realize()
    self.cache_v.assign(values.pad((None,(0,self.max_context-start_pos-seqlen),None,None)).contiguous()).realize()

    keys, values = repeat_kv(keys, self.n_rep), repeat_kv(values, self.n_rep)

    xq, keys, values = xq.transpose(1, 2), keys.transpose(1, 2), values.transpose(1, 2)
    attn = xq.scaled_dot_product_attention(keys, values, mask).transpose(1, 2).reshape(bsz, seqlen, -1)
    return self.wo(attn)

class FeedForward:
  def __init__(self, dim, hidden_dim, linear=nn.Linear):
    self.w1 = linear(dim, hidden_dim, bias=False)
    self.w2 = linear(hidden_dim, dim, bias=False)
    self.w3 = linear(dim, hidden_dim, bias=False) # the gate in Gated Linear Unit

  def __call__(self, x:Tensor) -> Tensor:
    return self.w2(self.w1(x).silu() * self.w3(x)) # SwiGLU [arxiv/2002.05202, eq (5)]

class TransformerBlock:
  def __init__(self, dim:int, hidden_dim:int, n_heads:int, n_kv_heads:int, norm_eps:float, max_context:int, linear=nn.Linear):
    self.attention = Attention(dim, n_heads, n_kv_heads, max_context, linear)
    self.feed_forward = FeedForward(dim, hidden_dim, linear)
    self.attention_norm = RMSNorm(dim, norm_eps)
    self.ffn_norm = RMSNorm(dim, norm_eps)

  def __call__(self, x:Tensor, start_pos:Union[Variable,int], freqs_cis:Tensor, mask:Optional[Tensor]):
    h = x + self.attention(self.attention_norm(x), start_pos, freqs_cis, mask)
    return (h + self.feed_forward(self.ffn_norm(h))).realize()

class Transformer:
  def __init__(self, dim:int, hidden_dim:int, n_heads:int, n_layers:int, norm_eps:float, vocab_size, linear=nn.Linear, n_kv_heads=None, rope_theta=10000, max_context=1024, jit=True):
    self.layers = [TransformerBlock(dim, hidden_dim, n_heads, n_kv_heads, norm_eps, max_context, linear) for _ in range(n_layers)]
    self.norm = RMSNorm(dim, norm_eps)
    self.tok_embeddings = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, dim)
    self.output = linear(dim, vocab_size, bias=False)
    self.max_context = max_context
    self.freqs_cis = precompute_freqs_cis(dim // n_heads, self.max_context * 2, rope_theta)
    self.forward_jit = TinyJit(self.forward) if jit else None

  def forward(self, tokens:Tensor, start_pos:Union[Variable,int], temperature:float=0.0):
    _bsz, seqlen = tokens.shape
    freqs_cis = self.freqs_cis.shrink((None, (start_pos, start_pos+seqlen),None,None,None))
    mask = Tensor.full((1, 1, seqlen, start_pos+seqlen), float("-inf"), dtype=dtypes.float32).triu(start_pos+1).realize() if seqlen > 1 else None

    h = self.tok_embeddings(tokens)
    for layer in self.layers: h = layer(h, start_pos, freqs_cis, mask)
    logits = self.output(self.norm(h))
    return (logits[:, -1, :] / (temperature+1e-10)).softmax().flatten().realize()

  def __call__(self, tokens:Tensor, start_pos:Variable, temperature:float=0.0):
    # TODO: better way to handle the first call v.s. the rest?
    if tokens.shape[0:2] == (1,1) and self.forward_jit is not None:
      assert start_pos > 0
      return self.forward_jit(tokens, Variable("start_pos", 1, self.max_context).bind(start_pos), temperature)
    return self.forward(tokens, start_pos, temperature)

# *** helpers ***

def convert_from_huggingface(weights:Dict[str, Tensor], model: Transformer, n_heads: int, n_kv_heads: int):
  def permute(v: Tensor, n_heads: int):
    return v.reshape(n_heads, 2, v.shape[0] // n_heads // 2, v.shape[1]).transpose(1, 2).reshape(*v.shape[:2])

  keymap = {
    "model.embed_tokens.weight": "tok_embeddings.weight",
    **{f"model.layers.{l}.input_layernorm.weight": f"layers.{l}.attention_norm.weight" for l in range(len(model.layers))},
    **{f"model.layers.{l}.self_attn.{x}_proj.weight": f"layers.{l}.attention.w{x}.weight" for x in ["q", "k", "v", "o"] for l in range(len(model.layers))},
    **{f"model.layers.{l}.post_attention_layernorm.weight": f"layers.{l}.ffn_norm.weight" for l in range(len(model.layers))},
    **{f"model.layers.{l}.mlp.{x}_proj.weight": f"layers.{l}.feed_forward.w{y}.weight" for x, y in {"gate": "1", "down": "2", "up": "3"}.items() for l in range(len(model.layers))},
    "model.norm.weight": "norm.weight",
    "lm_head.weight": "output.weight",
  }
  sd = {}
  for k, v in weights.items():
    if ".rotary_emb." in k: continue
    v = v.to(Device.DEFAULT)
    if "model.layers" in k:
      if "q_proj" in k:
        v = permute(v, n_heads)
      elif "k_proj" in k:
        v = permute(v, n_kv_heads)
    sd[keymap[k]] = v
  return sd