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<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-toc doc-symbol-class"></code>&nbsp;CPUProgram
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<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-toc doc-symbol-attribute"></code>&nbsp;fxn
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<h1 id="runtime-overview">Runtime Overview<a class="headerlink" href="#runtime-overview" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h1>
<h2 id="overview">Overview<a class="headerlink" href="#overview" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h2>
<p>A typical runtime consists of the following parts:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#compiled">Compiled</a></li>
<li><a href="#allocator">Allocator</a></li>
<li><a href="#program">Program</a></li>
<li><a href="#compiler">Compiler</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="compiled">Compiled<a class="headerlink" href="#compiled" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3>
<p>The <code class="language-python highlight"><span class="n">Compiled</span></code> class is responsible for initializing and managing a device.</p>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-class">
<h3 id="tinygrad.device.Compiled" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-class"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-class-name">Compiled</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Compiled" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">Compiled</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">device</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str">str</a></span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-class&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-class-name&quot;&gt;Allocator&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.Allocator&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator">Allocator</a></span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">compilers</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.device.CompilerSet">CompilerSet</span></span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">runtime</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">graph</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">group_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents first">
<p><span class="doc-section-title">Methods:</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-function-name&quot;&gt;synchronize&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.Compiled.synchronize&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.Compiled.synchronize">synchronize</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
<p>Synchronize all pending operations on the device.</p>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="doc doc-children">
<div class="doc doc-object doc-function">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.Compiled.synchronize" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-function-name">synchronize</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Compiled.synchronize" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">synchronize</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
<p>Synchronize all pending operations on the device.</p>
<p>This method ensures that all previously queued operations on the device have been completed before proceeding.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><h3 id="allocator">Allocator<a class="headerlink" href="#allocator" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3>
<p>The <code class="language-python highlight"><span class="n">Allocator</span></code> class is responsible for managing memory on the device. There is also a version called the <code class="language-python highlight"><span class="n">LRUAllocator</span></code>, which caches allocated buffers to optimize performance.</p>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-class">
<h3 id="tinygrad.device.Allocator" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-class"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-class-name">Allocator</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">Allocator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.device.DeviceType">DeviceType</span></span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents first">
<p class="doc doc-class-bases">
Bases: <code><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" title="&lt;code&gt;typing.Generic&lt;/code&gt;" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Generic">Generic</a>[<span title="tinygrad.device.DeviceType">DeviceType</span>]</code></p>
<p><span class="doc-section-title">Methods:</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-function-name&quot;&gt;_alloc&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.Allocator._alloc&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator._alloc">_alloc</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-function-name&quot;&gt;_copyin&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.Allocator._copyin&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator._copyin">_copyin</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-function-name&quot;&gt;_copyout&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.Allocator._copyout&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator._copyout">_copyout</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-function-name&quot;&gt;_encode_decode&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.Allocator._encode_decode&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator._encode_decode">_encode_decode</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-function-name&quot;&gt;_free&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.Allocator._free&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator._free">_free</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-function-name&quot;&gt;alloc&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.Allocator.alloc&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator.alloc">alloc</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-function-name&quot;&gt;free&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.Allocator.free&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator.free">free</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<p><span class="doc-section-title">Attributes:</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-attribute&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-attribute-name&quot;&gt;default_buffer_spec&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-labels&quot;&gt;
&lt;small class=&quot;doc doc-label doc-label-instance-attribute&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;instance-attribute&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.Allocator.default_buffer_spec&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator.default_buffer_spec">default_buffer_spec</a></code></b>
(<code><span title="tinygrad.device.BufferSpec">BufferSpec</span></code>)
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-attribute&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-attribute-name&quot;&gt;dev&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-labels&quot;&gt;
&lt;small class=&quot;doc doc-label doc-label-instance-attribute&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;instance-attribute&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.Allocator.dev&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator.dev">dev</a></code></b>
(<code><span title="tinygrad.device.DeviceType">DeviceType</span></code>)
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-attribute&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-attribute-name&quot;&gt;supports_copy_from_disk&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-labels&quot;&gt;
&lt;small class=&quot;doc doc-label doc-label-instance-attribute&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;instance-attribute&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.Allocator.supports_copy_from_disk&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator.supports_copy_from_disk">supports_copy_from_disk</a></code></b>
(<code><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool">bool</a></code>)
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="doc doc-children">
<div class="doc doc-object doc-attribute">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.Allocator.default_buffer_spec" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-attribute"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-attribute-name">default_buffer_spec</span>
<span class="doc doc-labels">
<small class="doc doc-label doc-label-instance-attribute"><code>instance-attribute</code></small>
</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator.default_buffer_spec" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">default_buffer_spec</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.device.BufferSpec">BufferSpec</span></span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.device.BufferSpec">BufferSpec</span></span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-attribute">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.Allocator.dev" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-attribute"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-attribute-name">dev</span>
<span class="doc doc-labels">
<small class="doc doc-label doc-label-instance-attribute"><code>instance-attribute</code></small>
</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator.dev" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.device.DeviceType">DeviceType</span></span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.device.Allocator(dev)">dev</span></span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-attribute">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.Allocator.supports_copy_from_disk" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-attribute"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-attribute-name">supports_copy_from_disk</span>
<span class="doc doc-labels">
<small class="doc doc-label doc-label-instance-attribute"><code>instance-attribute</code></small>
</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator.supports_copy_from_disk" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">supports_copy_from_disk</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool">bool</a></span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-function">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.Allocator._alloc" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-function-name">_alloc</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator._alloc" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">_alloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int">int</a></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">options</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.device.BufferSpec">BufferSpec</span></span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-function">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.Allocator._copyin" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-function-name">_copyin</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator._copyin" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">_copyin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">src</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#memoryview">memoryview</a></span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-function">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.Allocator._copyout" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-function-name">_copyout</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator._copyout" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">_copyout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#memoryview">memoryview</a></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">src</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-function">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.Allocator._encode_decode" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-function-name">_encode_decode</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator._encode_decode" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">_encode_decode</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">bufout</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">bufin</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">desc</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">hist</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#list">list</a></span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#tuple">tuple</a></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int">int</a></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">...</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="n">frame_pos</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int">int</a></span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-function">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.Allocator._free" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-function-name">_free</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator._free" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">_free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">opaque</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">options</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.device.BufferSpec">BufferSpec</span></span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-function">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.Allocator.alloc" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-function-name">alloc</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator.alloc" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">alloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int">int</a></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">options</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.device.BufferSpec">BufferSpec</span></span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-function">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.Allocator.free" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-function-name">free</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator.free" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">opaque</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int">int</a></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">options</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.device.BufferSpec">BufferSpec</span></span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-class">
<h3 id="tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-class"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-class-name">LRUAllocator</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">LRUAllocator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.device.DeviceType">DeviceType</span></span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents first">
<p class="doc doc-class-bases">
Bases: <code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-class&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-class-name&quot;&gt;Allocator&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.Allocator&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.Allocator">Allocator</a></code>, <code><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" title="&lt;code&gt;typing.Generic&lt;/code&gt;" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Generic">Generic</a>[<span title="tinygrad.device.DeviceType">DeviceType</span>]</code></p>
<p>The LRU Allocator is responsible for caching buffers.
It ensures that buffers are not freed until it is absolutely necessary, optimizing performance.</p>
<p><span class="doc-section-title">Methods:</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-function-name&quot;&gt;alloc&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator.alloc&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator.alloc">alloc</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-function-name&quot;&gt;free&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator.free&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator.free">free</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-function-name&quot;&gt;free_cache&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator.free_cache&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator.free_cache">free_cache</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<p><span class="doc-section-title">Attributes:</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-attribute&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-attribute-name&quot;&gt;cache&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-labels&quot;&gt;
&lt;small class=&quot;doc doc-label doc-label-instance-attribute&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;instance-attribute&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator.cache&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator.cache">cache</a></code></b>
(<code><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#dict">dict</a>[<a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#tuple">tuple</a>[<a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int">int</a>, <span title="tinygrad.device.BufferSpec">BufferSpec</span> | None], <a class="autorefs autorefs-external" title="&lt;code&gt;typing.Any&lt;/code&gt;" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Any">Any</a>]</code>)
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="doc doc-children">
<div class="doc doc-object doc-attribute">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator.cache" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-attribute"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-attribute-name">cache</span>
<span class="doc doc-labels">
<small class="doc doc-label doc-label-instance-attribute"><code>instance-attribute</code></small>
</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator.cache" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">cache</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#dict">dict</a></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#tuple">tuple</a></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int">int</a></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.device.BufferSpec">BufferSpec</span></span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" title="&lt;code&gt;typing.Any&lt;/code&gt;" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Any">Any</a></span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" title="&lt;code&gt;collections.defaultdict&lt;/code&gt;" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.defaultdict">defaultdict</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#list">list</a></span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-function">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator.alloc" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-function-name">alloc</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator.alloc" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">alloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int">int</a></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">options</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.device.BufferSpec">BufferSpec</span></span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-function">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator.free" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-function-name">free</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator.free" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">free</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">opaque</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" title="&lt;code&gt;typing.Any&lt;/code&gt;" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Any">Any</a></span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int">int</a></span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">options</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.device.BufferSpec">BufferSpec</span></span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-function">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator.free_cache" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-function-name">free_cache</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.LRUAllocator.free_cache" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">free_cache</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><h3 id="program">Program<a class="headerlink" href="#program" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3>
<p>The <code class="language-python highlight"><span class="n">Program</span></code> class is created for each loaded program. It is responsible for executing the program on the device. As an example, here is a <code class="language-python highlight"><span class="n">CPUProgram</span></code> implementation which loads program and runs it.</p>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-class">
<h3 id="tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-class"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-class-name">CPUProgram</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">CPUProgram</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str">str</a></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lib</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes">bytes</a></span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents first">
<p class="doc doc-class-bases">
Bases: <code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-class&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-class-name&quot;&gt;HCQProgram&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.runtime.support.hcq.HCQProgram&lt;/code&gt;)" href="../hcq/#tinygrad.runtime.support.hcq.HCQProgram">HCQProgram</a></code></p>
<p><span class="doc-section-title">Methods:</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-function-name&quot;&gt;__del__&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram.__del__&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram.__del__">__del__</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<p><span class="doc-section-title">Attributes:</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-attribute&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-attribute-name&quot;&gt;fxn&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-labels&quot;&gt;
&lt;small class=&quot;doc doc-label doc-label-instance-attribute&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;instance-attribute&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram.fxn&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram.fxn">fxn</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-attribute&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-attribute-name&quot;&gt;mem&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-labels&quot;&gt;
&lt;small class=&quot;doc doc-label doc-label-instance-attribute&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;instance-attribute&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram.mem&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram.mem">mem</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-attribute&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-attribute-name&quot;&gt;rt_lib&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-labels&quot;&gt;
&lt;small class=&quot;doc doc-label doc-label-class-attribute&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;class-attribute&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;small class=&quot;doc doc-label doc-label-instance-attribute&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;instance-attribute&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram.rt_lib&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram.rt_lib">rt_lib</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<details class="mkdocstrings-source">
<summary>Source code in <code>tinygrad/runtime/ops_cpu.py</code></summary>
<div class="language-python highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"> 74</span>
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<span class="normal">108</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lib</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">bytes</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">LVP</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">renderer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">LVPRenderer</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">platform</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;win32&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="c1"># mypy doesn&#39;t understand when WIN is used here</span>
<span class="n">PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">MEM_COMMIT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">MEM_RESERVE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mh">0x40</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mh">0x1000</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mh">0x2000</span>
<span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">windll</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kernel32</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">VirtualAlloc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">restype</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_void_p</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mem</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">windll</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kernel32</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">VirtualAlloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_void_p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_size_t</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lib</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">MEM_COMMIT</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">MEM_RESERVE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">memmove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lib</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lib</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">windll</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kernel32</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GetCurrentProcess</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">restype</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_void_p</span>
<span class="n">proc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">windll</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kernel32</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GetCurrentProcess</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">windll</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kernel32</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">FlushInstructionCache</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_void_p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">proc</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_void_p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_size_t</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lib</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fxn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CFUNCTYPE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># On apple silicon with SPRR enabled (it always is in macos) RWX pages are unrepresentable: https://blog.svenpeter.dev/posts/m1_sprr_gxf/</span>
<span class="c1"># MAP_JIT allows us to easily flip pages from RW- to R-X and vice versa. It is a noop on intel cpus. (man pthread_jit_write_protect_np)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mem</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mmap</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mmap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lib</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">mmap</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MAP_ANON</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">mmap</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MAP_PRIVATE</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MAP_JIT</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">OSX</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">mmap</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PROT_READ</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">mmap</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PROT_WRITE</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">mmap</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PROT_EXEC</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">OSX</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CPUProgram</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rt_lib</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pthread_jit_write_protect_np</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">LVP</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">lib</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">jit_loader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lib</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">base</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addressof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_void_p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">from_buffer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">link_libs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;m&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lib</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">OSX</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CPUProgram</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rt_lib</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pthread_jit_write_protect_np</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># __clear_cache isn&#39;t a normal libc function, but a compiler support routine found in libgcc_s for gcc and compiler-rt for clang.</span>
<span class="c1"># libgcc_s comes as shared library but compiler-rt is only a bunch of static library archives which we can&#39;t directly load, but fortunately</span>
<span class="c1"># it somehow found its way into libSystem on macos (likely because it used __builtin_clear_cache) and libgcc_s is ~always present on linux</span>
<span class="c1"># Using [&quot;name&quot;] instead of .name because otherwise name is getting mangled: https://docs.python.org/3.12/reference/expressions.html#index-5</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">CPUProgram</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rt_lib</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">CPUProgram</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rt_lib</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;__clear_cache&quot;</span><span class="p">](</span><span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_void_p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mv_address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_void_p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mv_address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lib</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># msync should be a universal POSIX way to do this</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">tinygrad.runtime.autogen</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">libc</span>
<span class="n">libc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">msync</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_void_p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mv_address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lib</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">libc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MS_SYNC</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">libc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MS_INVALIDATE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fxn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CFUNCTYPE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="n">mv_address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LVPArgsState</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">LVP</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">HCQArgsState</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">kernargs_alloc_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">256</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">LVP</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</details>
<div class="doc doc-children">
<div class="doc doc-object doc-attribute">
<h4 id="tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram.fxn" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-attribute"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-attribute-name">fxn</span>
<span class="doc doc-labels">
<small class="doc doc-label doc-label-instance-attribute"><code>instance-attribute</code></small>
</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram.fxn" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">fxn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" title="&lt;code&gt;ctypes.CFUNCTYPE&lt;/code&gt;" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html#ctypes.CFUNCTYPE">CFUNCTYPE</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram(self).mem">mem</span></span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-attribute">
<h4 id="tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram.mem" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-attribute"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-attribute-name">mem</span>
<span class="doc doc-labels">
<small class="doc doc-label doc-label-instance-attribute"><code>instance-attribute</code></small>
</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram.mem" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">mem</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n"><span title="ctypes.windll.kernel32.VirtualAlloc">VirtualAlloc</span></span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" title="&lt;code&gt;ctypes.c_void_p&lt;/code&gt;" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html#ctypes.c_void_p">c_void_p</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" title="&lt;code&gt;ctypes.c_size_t&lt;/code&gt;" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html#ctypes.c_size_t">c_size_t</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#len">len</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram(lib)">lib</span></span><span class="p">)),</span>
<span class="n"><span title="MEM_COMMIT">MEM_COMMIT</span></span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n"><span title="MEM_RESERVE">MEM_RESERVE</span></span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n"><span title="PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE">PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE</span></span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-attribute">
<h4 id="tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram.rt_lib" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-attribute"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-attribute-name">rt_lib</span>
<span class="doc doc-labels">
<small class="doc doc-label doc-label-class-attribute"><code>class-attribute</code></small>
<small class="doc doc-label doc-label-instance-attribute"><code>instance-attribute</code></small>
</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram.rt_lib" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">rt_lib</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" title="&lt;code&gt;ctypes.CDLL&lt;/code&gt;" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html#ctypes.CDLL">CDLL</a></span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" title="&lt;code&gt;ctypes.util.find_library&lt;/code&gt;" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html#ctypes.util.find_library">find_library</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;System&quot;</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.helpers.OSX">OSX</span></span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="s2">&quot;kernel32&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.helpers.OSX">OSX</span></span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.helpers.WIN">WIN</span></span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span> <span class="s2">&quot;libgcc_s.so.1&quot;</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-function">
<h4 id="tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram.__del__" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-function-name">__del__</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.runtime.ops_cpu.CPUProgram.__del__" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">__del__</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
<details class="mkdocstrings-source">
<summary>Source code in <code>tinygrad/runtime/ops_cpu.py</code></summary>
<div class="language-python highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal">110</span>
<span class="normal">111</span>
<span class="normal">112</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span class="nd">@suppress_finalizing</span>
<span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">__del__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">platform</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;win32&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">windll</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kernel32</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">VirtualFree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_void_p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_size_t</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="mh">0x8000</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#0x8000 - MEM_RELEASE</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</details>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><h3 id="compiler">Compiler<a class="headerlink" href="#compiler" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3>
<p>The <code class="language-python highlight"><span class="n">Compiler</span></code> class compiles the output from the <code class="language-python highlight"><span class="n">Renderer</span></code> and produces it in a device-specific format.</p>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-class">
<h3 id="tinygrad.device.Compiler" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-class"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-class-name">Compiler</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Compiler" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h3>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">Compiler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cachekey</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str">str</a></span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents first">
<p><span class="doc-section-title">Methods:</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-function-name&quot;&gt;compile&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.Compiler.compile&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.Compiler.compile">compile</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-function-name&quot;&gt;compile_cached&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.Compiler.compile_cached&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.Compiler.compile_cached">compile_cached</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-function-name&quot;&gt;disassemble&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.Compiler.disassemble&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.Compiler.disassemble">disassemble</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<p><span class="doc-section-title">Attributes:</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="doc-section-item field-body">
<b><code><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" title="&lt;code class=&quot;doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-attribute&quot;&gt;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-object-name doc-attribute-name&quot;&gt;cachekey&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;doc doc-labels&quot;&gt;
&lt;small class=&quot;doc doc-label doc-label-instance-attribute&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;instance-attribute&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;code&gt;tinygrad.device.Compiler.cachekey&lt;/code&gt;)" href="#tinygrad.device.Compiler.cachekey">cachekey</a></code></b>
<div class="doc-md-description">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<details class="mkdocstrings-source">
<summary>Source code in <code>tinygrad/device.py</code></summary>
<div class="language-python highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal">269</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cachekey</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cachekey</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cachekey</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">CCACHE</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</details>
<div class="doc doc-children">
<div class="doc doc-object doc-attribute">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.Compiler.cachekey" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-attribute"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-attribute-name">cachekey</span>
<span class="doc doc-labels">
<small class="doc doc-label doc-label-instance-attribute"><code>instance-attribute</code></small>
</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Compiler.cachekey" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">cachekey</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.device.Compiler(cachekey)">cachekey</span></span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n"><span title="tinygrad.helpers.CCACHE">CCACHE</span></span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-function">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.Compiler.compile" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-function-name">compile</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Compiler.compile" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">compile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">src</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str">str</a></span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes">bytes</a></span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
<details class="mkdocstrings-source">
<summary>Source code in <code>tinygrad/device.py</code></summary>
<div class="language-python highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal">270</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">compile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">src</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">bytes</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">src</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encode</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># NOTE: empty compiler is the default</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</details>
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-function">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.Compiler.compile_cached" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-function-name">compile_cached</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Compiler.compile_cached" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">compile_cached</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">src</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str">str</a></span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes">bytes</a></span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
<details class="mkdocstrings-source">
<summary>Source code in <code>tinygrad/device.py</code></summary>
<div class="language-python highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal">271</span>
<span class="normal">272</span>
<span class="normal">273</span>
<span class="normal">274</span>
<span class="normal">275</span>
<span class="normal">276</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">compile_cached</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">src</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">bytes</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cachekey</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lib</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="n">diskcache_get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cachekey</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">src</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">getenv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;ASSERT_COMPILE&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;tried to compile with ASSERT_COMPILE set</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">src</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
<span class="n">lib</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">src</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cachekey</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">diskcache_put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cachekey</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">src</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lib</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">lib</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</details>
</div>
</div>
<div class="doc doc-object doc-function">
<h4 id="tinygrad.device.Compiler.disassemble" class="doc doc-heading">
<code class="doc-symbol doc-symbol-heading doc-symbol-method"></code> <span class="doc doc-object-name doc-function-name">disassemble</span>
<a href="#tinygrad.device.Compiler.disassemble" class="headerlink" title="Permanent link">¤</a></h4>
<div class="language-python doc-signature highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">disassemble</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lib</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n"><a class="autorefs autorefs-external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes">bytes</a></span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="doc doc-contents ">
<details class="mkdocstrings-source">
<summary>Source code in <code>tinygrad/device.py</code></summary>
<div class="language-python highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal">277</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">disassemble</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lib</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">bytes</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">pass</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
</details>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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