fix latex issues

rlog/test-mix.mdx

@@ -570,23 +570,23 @@ The header consists of the fields $α$, $β$, and $γ$, totaling a fixed size pe
 
 Thus, the total header length is:
 
-$`
+$$
 \begin{aligned}
 |Header| &= α + β + γ \\
   &= 32 + ((t + 1)r + 1)κ + 16
 \end{aligned}
-`$
+$$
 
 Notation: $|x|$ denotes the size (in bytes) of field $x$.
 
 Using the recommended value of $r = 5$ and $t = 6$, the header size is:
 
-$`
+$$
 \begin{aligned}
 |Header| &= 32 + 576 + 16 \\
   &= 624 \ bytes
 \end{aligned}
-`$
+$$
 
 #### 8.3.2 Payload Size
 
@@ -595,11 +595,11 @@ This subsection defines the size of the encrypted payload $δ$ in a Sphinx packe
 $δ$ contains the application message, padded to a fixed maximum length to ensure all packets are indistinguishable on the wire.
 The size of $δ$ is calculated as:
 
-$`
+$$
 \begin{aligned}
 |δ| &= TotalPacketSize - HeaderSize
 \end{aligned}
-`$
+$$
 
 The recommended total packet size is $4608$ bytes, chosen to:
 
@@ -609,12 +609,12 @@ The recommended total packet size is $4608$ bytes, chosen to:
 
 This recommended total packet size of \$4608\$ bytes yields:
 
-$`
+$$
 \begin{aligned}
 Payload &= 4608 - 624 \\
   &= 3984\ bytes
 \end{aligned}
-`$
+$$
 
 Implementations MUST account for payload extensions, such as SURBs, when determining the maximum message size that can be encapsulated in a single Sphinx packet.
 Details on SURBs are defined in [Section X.X].
@@ -726,21 +726,21 @@ The construction MUST proceed as follows:
 
    - Choose a random private exponent $x \in_R \mathbb{Z}_q^*$.
    - Initialize:
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{aligned}
      α_0 &= g^x \\
      s_0 &= y_0^x \\
      b_0 &= H(α_0\ |\ s_0)
      \end{aligned}
-     `$
+     $$
    - For each hop $i$ (from $1$ to $L-1$), compute:
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{aligned}
      α_i &= α_{i-1}^{b_{i-1}} \\
      s_i &= y_{i}^{x\prod_{\text{j=0}}^{\text{i-1}} b_{j}} \\
      b_i &= H(α_i\ |\ s_i)
      \end{aligned}
-     `$
+     $$
 
    Note that the length of $α_i$ is $32$ bytes, $0 \leq i \leq L-1$ as defined in [Section 8.3.1](#831-header-field-sizes).
 
@@ -755,24 +755,24 @@ The construction MUST proceed as follows:
 
      - Derive per-hop AES key and IV:
 
-       $`
+       $$
        \begin{array}{l}
        Φ_{\mathrm{aes\_key}_{i-1}} =
        \mathrm{KDF}(\text{"aes\_key"} \mid s_{i-1})\\
        Φ_{\mathrm{iv}_{i-1}} =
        \mathrm{KDF}(\text{"iv"} \mid s_{i-1})
        \end{array}
-       `$
+       $$
 
      - Compute the filler string $Φ_i$ using $\text{AES-CTR}^\prime_i$, which is AES-CTR encryption with the keystream starting from index $((t+1)(r-i)+t+2)κ$ :
 
-       $`
+       $$
        \begin{array}{l}
        Φ_i = \mathrm{AES\text{-}CTR}'_i\bigl(Φ_{\mathrm{aes\_key}_{i-1}},
-       Φ_{\mathrm{iv}_{i-1}}, Φ_{i-1} \mid 0_{(t+1)κ} \bigr),\; \; \;
+       Φ_{\mathrm{iv}_{i-1}}, Φ_{i-1} \mid 0_{(t+1)κ} \bigr),
-       \text{where notation } 0_x \text{ defines the string of } 0 \text{ bits of length } x\text{.}
        \end{array}
-       `$
+       $$
+       where notation  $0_x$ defines the string of $0$ bits of length $x$.
 
    Note that the length of $Φ_i$ is $(t+1)iκ$, $0 \leq i \leq L-1$.
 
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ The construction MUST proceed as follows:
 
    - Derive per-hop AES key, MAC key, and IV:
 
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{array}{l}
      β_{\mathrm{aes\_key}_i} =
      \mathrm{KDF}(\text{"aes\_key"} \mid s_i)\\
@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ The construction MUST proceed as follows:
      β_{\mathrm{iv}_i} =
      \mathrm{KDF}(\text{"iv"} \mid s_i)
      \end{array}
-     `$
+     $$
 
    - Set the per hop two-byte encoded delay $\mathrm{delay}_i$ as defined in [Section 8.4](#84-address-and-delay-encoding):
 
@@ -807,36 +807,36 @@ The construction MUST proceed as follows:
 
      - If $i = L-1$ (_i.e.,_ exit node):
 
-       $`
+       $$
        \begin{array}{l}
        β_i = \mathrm{AES\text{-}CTR}\bigl(β_{\mathrm{aes\_key}_i},
        β_{\mathrm{iv}_i}, Δ \mid \mathrm{delay}_i \mid 0_{((t+1)(r-L)+2)κ}
        \bigr) \bigm| Φ_{L-1}
        \end{array}
-       `$
+       $$
 
      - Otherwise (_i.e.,_ intermediary node):
 
-       $`
+       $$
        \begin{array}{l}
        β_i = \mathrm{AES\text{-}CTR}\bigl(β_{\mathrm{aes\_key}_i},
        β_{\mathrm{iv}_i}, \mathrm{addr}_{i+1} \mid \mathrm{delay}_i
-       \mid γ_{i+1} \mid β_{i+1 \, [0 \ldots (r(t+1) - t)κ - 1]} \bigr),\\
+       \mid γ_{i+1} \mid β_{i+1 \, [0 \ldots (r(t+1) - t)κ - 1]} \bigr)
-       \text{where notation } X_{[a \ldots b]} \text{ denotes the substring of } X
-       \text{ from byte offset } a \text{ to } b\text{, inclusive, using zero-based indexing.}
        \end{array}
-       `$
+       $$
+       where notation $X_{[a \ldots b]}$ denotes the substring of $X$
+       from byte offset $a$ to $b$ inclusive, using zero-based indexing.
 
      Note that the length of $\beta_i$ is $(r(t+1)+1)κ$, $0 \leq i \leq L-1$ as defined in [Section 8.3.1](#831-header-field-sizes).
 
      - Compute the message authentication code $γ_i$:
 
-       $`
+       $$
        \begin{array}{l}
        γ_i = \mathrm{HMAC\text{-}SHA\text{-}256}\bigl(\mathrm{mac\_key}_i,
        β_i \bigr)
        \end{array}
-       `$
+       $$
 
      Note that the length of $\gamma_i$ is $κ$, $0 \leq i \leq L-1$ as defined in [Section 8.3.1](#831-header-field-sizes).
 
@@ -848,35 +848,35 @@ The construction MUST proceed as follows:
 
    - Derive per-hop AES key and IV:
 
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{array}{l}
      δ_{\mathrm{aes\_key}_i} =
      \mathrm{KDF}(\text{"δ\_aes\_key"} \mid s_i)\\
      δ_{\mathrm{iv}_i} =
      \mathrm{KDF}(\text{"δ\_iv"} \mid s_i)
      \end{array}
-     `$
+     $$
 
    - Using the derived keys, compute the encrypted payload $δ_i$:
 
      - If $i = L-1$ (_i.e.,_ exit node):
 
-       $`
+       $$
        \begin{array}{l}
        δ_i = \mathrm{AES\text{-}CTR}\bigl(δ_{\mathrm{aes\_key}_i},
        δ_{\mathrm{iv}_i}, 0_{κ} \mid m
        \bigr)
        \end{array}
-       `$
+       $$
 
      - Otherwise (_i.e.,_ intermediary node):
 
-       $`
+       $$
        \begin{array}{l}
        δ_i = \mathrm{AES\text{-}CTR}\bigl(δ_{\mathrm{aes\_key}_i},
        δ_{\mathrm{iv}_i}, δ_{i+1} \bigr)
        \end{array}
-       `$
+       $$
 
      Note that the length of $\delta_i$, $0 \leq i \leq L-1$ is $|m| + κ$ bytes.
 
@@ -946,21 +946,21 @@ After successful deserialization, the mix node performs the following steps:
 
    - Derive the MAC key from the session secret $s$:
 
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathrm{mac\_key} =
      \mathrm{KDF}(\text{"mac\_key"} \mid s)
      \end{array}
-     `$
+     $$
 
    - Verify the integrity of the routing header:
 
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{array}{l}
      γ \stackrel{?}{=} \mathrm{HMAC\text{-}SHA\text{-}256}(\mathrm{mac\_key},
      β)
      \end{array}
-     `$
+     $$
 
      If the check fails, discard the packet and terminate processing.
 
@@ -968,24 +968,24 @@ After successful deserialization, the mix node performs the following steps:
 
    - Derive the routing header AES key and IV from the session secret $s$:
 
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{array}{l}
      β_{\mathrm{aes\_key}} =
      \mathrm{KDF}(\text{"aes\_key"} \mid s)\\
      β_{\mathrm{iv}} =
      \mathrm{KDF}(\text{"iv"} \mid s)
      \end{array}
-     `$
+     $$
 
    - Decrypt the suitably padded $β$ to obtain the routing block $B$ for this hop:
 
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{array}{l}
      B = \mathrm{AES\text{-}CTR}\bigl(β_{\mathrm{aes\_key}},
      β_{\mathrm{iv}}, β \mid 0_{(t+1)κ}
      \bigr)
      \end{array}
-     `$
+     $$
 
      This step removes the filler string appended during header encryption in [Section 8.5.2](#852-construction-steps) step 3.c. and yields the plaintext routing information for this hop.
 
@@ -995,23 +995,23 @@ After successful deserialization, the mix node performs the following steps:
 
    - Derive the payload AES key and IV from the session secret $s$:
 
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{array}{l}
      δ_{\mathrm{aes\_key}} =
      \mathrm{KDF}(\text{"δ\_aes\_key"} \mid s)\\
      δ_{\mathrm{iv}} =
      \mathrm{KDF}(\text{"δ\_iv"} \mid s)
      \end{array}
-     `$
+     $$
 
    - Decrypt one layer of the encrypted payload $δ$:
 
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{array}{l}
      δ' = \mathrm{AES\text{-}CTR}\bigl(δ_{\mathrm{aes\_key}},
      δ_{\mathrm{iv}}, δ \bigr)
      \end{array}
-     `$
+     $$
 
    The resulting $δ'$ is the decrypted payload for this hop and MUST be interpreted depending on the parsed node's role, determined by $B$, as described in [Section 8.6.2](#862-node-role-determination).
 
@@ -1036,35 +1036,35 @@ Once the node determines its role as an intermediary following the steps in [Sec
 
    - Extract the first $(tκ - 2)$ bytes of $B$ as the next hop address $\mathrm{addr}$
 
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathrm{addr} = B_{[0\ldots(tκ - 2) - 1]}
      \end{array}
-     `$
+     $$
 
    - Extract next two bytes as the mean delay $\mathrm{delay}$
 
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathrm{delay} = B_{[(tκ - 2)\ldots{tκ} - 1]}
      \end{array}
-     `$
+     $$
 
    - Extract next $κ$ bytes as the next hop MAC $γ'$
 
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{array}{l}
      γ' = B_{[tκ\ldots(t + 1)κ - 1]}
      \end{array}
-     `$
+     $$
 
    - Extract next $(r(t+1)+1)κ$ bytes as the next hop routing information $β'$
 
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{array}{l}
      β' = B_{[(t + 1)κ\ldots(r(t +1 ) + t + 2)κ - 1]}
      \end{array}
-     `$
+     $$
 
    If parsing fails, discard the packet and terminate processing.
 
@@ -1074,12 +1074,12 @@ Once the node determines its role as an intermediary following the steps in [Sec
 
    - Compute the next hop ephemeral public value $α'$, deriving the blinding factor $b$ from the shared secret $s$ computed in [Section 8.6.1](#861-shared-preprocessing) step 1.
 
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{aligned}
      b &= H(α\ |\ s) \\
      α' &= α^b
      \end{aligned}
-     `$
+     $$
 
    - Use the $β'$ and $γ'$ extracted in Step 1. as the routing information and MAC respectively in the outgoing packet.
 
@@ -1126,33 +1126,33 @@ Once the node determines its role as an exit following the steps in [Section 8.6
 
    - Extract first $(tκ - 2)$ bytes of $B$ as the destination address $Δ$
 
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{array}{l}
      Δ = B_{[0\ldots(tκ - 2) - 1]}
      \end{array}
-     `$
+     $$
 
 2. **Recover Padded Application Message**
 
    - Verify the decrypted payload $δ'$ computed in [Section 8.6.1](#861-shared-preprocessing) step 5.:
 
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{array}{l}
      δ'_{[0\ldots{κ} - 1]} \stackrel{?}{=} 0_{κ}
      \end{array}
-     `$
+     $$
 
    If the check fails, discard $δ'$ and terminate processing.
 
    - Extract rest of the bytes of $δ'$ as the padded application message $m$:
 
-     $`
+     $$
      \begin{array}{l}
-     m = δ'_{[κ\ldots]},\; \; \;
+     m = δ'_{[κ\ldots]},
-     \text{where notation } X_{[a \ldots]} \text{ denotes the substring of } X
-     \text{ from byte offset } a \text{ to the end of the string using zero-based indexing.}
      \end{array}
-     `$
+     $$
+    where notation  $X_{[a \ldots]}$ denotes the substring of $X$
+    from byte offset $a$ to the end of the string using zero-based indexing.
 
 3. **Extract Application Message**
 
@@ -1347,4 +1347,4 @@ However, these protections do not prevent adversaries from injecting large volum
 DoS protection—such as admission control, rate-limiting, or resource-bound access—MUST be implemented outside the core protocol.
 Any such mechanism MUST preserve sender unlinkability and SHOULD be evaluated carefully to avoid introducing correlation risks.
 
-Defending against large-scale DoS attacks is considered a deployment-level responsibility and is out of scope for this specification.
+Defending against large-scale DoS attacks is considered a deployment-level responsibility and is out of scope for this specification.