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--- ---
# Vac 2024 Year in Review # Vac 2024 Year in Review
With 2024 now behind us and a new year ahead, With 2024 now behind us and a new year ahead,
Vac is proud to reflect on the milestones and breakthroughs that defined another year of researching and developing free and open digital public goods for the [Institute of Free Technology](https://free.technology/) and wider web3 ecosystem. Vac is proud to reflect on the milestones and breakthroughs that defined another year of researching and developing free and open digital public goods for the [Institute of Free Technology](https://free.technology/) and wider web3 ecosystem.
@@ -20,13 +19,14 @@ Vac comprises various subteams and service units, each with its own focus.
Below, we celebrate each unit's achievements and look forward to its 2025 plans. Below, we celebrate each unit's achievements and look forward to its 2025 plans.
## Nescience ## Nescience
Nescience is our state separation architecture that aims to enable private transactions and provide a general-purpose execution environment for classical applications. Nescience is our state separation architecture that aims to enable private transactions and provide a general-purpose execution environment for classical applications.
### Highlights ### Highlights
This year, the Nescience state separation architecture moved from exploration to real progress,
This year, the Nescience state separation architecture moved from exploration to real progress, taking significant steps towards building a functional and reliable system. taking significant steps towards building a functional and reliable system.
The team focused on turning ideas into something real, testing the proposed architecture, and understanding its strengths and weaknesses. The team focused on turning ideas into something real,
testing the proposed architecture,
and understanding its strengths and weaknesses.
* ZkVM exploration and benchmarks * ZkVM exploration and benchmarks
* Published [deep reviews of 23 existing zkVMs](https://vac.dev/rlog/zkVM-explorations/) * Published [deep reviews of 23 existing zkVMs](https://vac.dev/rlog/zkVM-explorations/)
@@ -46,44 +46,40 @@ We also made progress on the essential parts of NSSA’s system, including:
* Cryptography module to ensure privacy and security * Cryptography module to ensure privacy and security
### Looking forward ### Looking forward
In 2025, the Nescience team plans to double down on what works, fix what doesn’t, and push NSSA closer to real-world use. In 2025, the Nescience team plans to double down on what works, fix what doesn’t, and push NSSA closer to real-world use.
* Sandboxed testnet data analysis – the sandboxed testnet will be our primary data source that we will analyse to identify issues, limitations, and areas for improvement. * Sandboxed testnet data analysis – the sandboxed testnet will be our primary data source that we will analyse to identify issues, limitations, and areas for improvement.
* Expanding the node – expand sandboxed components into a full node implementation with rigorous testing and iterative optimisation (to bridge the gap between proof of concept and production readiness). * Expanding the node – expand sandboxed components into a full node implementation with rigorous testing and iterative optimization (to bridge the gap between proof of concept and production readiness).
* Finalising the architecture and RFC – after completing NSSA’s architecture, we will draft an RFC to ensure transparency and enable greater collaboration with the broader ecosystem. * Finalizing the architecture and RFC – after completing NSSA’s architecture, we will draft an RFC to ensure transparency and enable greater collaboration with the broader ecosystem.
* Testing real-life scenarios – applying NSSA to diverse, practical use cases to assess its adaptability, performance, and impact. * Testing real-life scenarios – applying NSSA to diverse, practical use cases to assess its adaptability, performance, and impact.
* Ongoing optimisation – ensure NSSA is robust, efficient, and ready to scale. * Ongoing optimization – ensure NSSA is robust, efficient, and ready to scale.
## Token Economics (TKE) ## Token Economics (TKE)
The TKE Service Unit works closely with IFT portfolio projects to design and implement crypto-economic incentive structures. The TKE Service Unit works closely with IFT portfolio projects to design and implement crypto-economic incentive structures.
### Highlights ### Highlights
* Formalized and implemented [Codex](https://codex.storage/) economic incentives in the Litepaper and simulations
* Formalised and implemented [Codex](https://codex.storage/) economic incentives in the Litepaper and simulations
* Orchestrated Status Network incentive structure and smart contract implementation * Orchestrated Status Network incentive structure and smart contract implementation
* Started building [Nomos’s](https://nomos.tech/) economic model * Started building [Nomos’s](https://nomos.tech/) economic model
* Consulted and provided analysis of incentives for the Logos Operators ordinals project * Consulted and provided analysis of incentives for the Logos Operators ordinals project
* Drove discussions on the economic sustainability of [Waku](https://waku.org/); helped define RLN membership and its payment mechanism * Drove discussions on the economic sustainability of [Waku](https://waku.org/);
helped define RLN membership and its payment mechanism
### Looking forward ### Looking forward
In 2025, TKE will continue to support IFT portfolio projects,
In 2025, TKE will continue to support IFT portfolio projects, working toward economic sustainability while strengthening relationships within the organisation. working toward economic sustainability while strengthening relationships within the organization.
Additionally, the service unit aims to continue building its external reputation through partnerships and publications of relevant work on the [Vac forum](https://forum.vac.dev/). Additionally, the service unit aims to continue building its external reputation through partnerships and publications of relevant work on the [Vac forum](https://forum.vac.dev/).
## Quality Assurance (QA) ## Quality Assurance (QA)
The QA Service Unit focuses on the development and execution of comprehensive test plans,
The QA Service Unit focuses on the development and execution of comprehensive test plans, including implementing unit and interoperability testing. including implementing unit and interoperability testing.
### Highlights ### Highlights
* Matured Waku interoperability testing framework with coverage for all major protocols and features * Matured Waku interoperability testing framework with coverage for all major protocols and features
* Began collaboration with Nomos, contributing to unit and integration testing * Began collaboration with Nomos, contributing to unit and integration testing
* Partnered with the [Status](https://status.app/) team to test message reliability under unstable network conditions * Partnered with the [Status](https://status.app/) team to test message reliability under unstable network conditions
### Looking forward ### Looking forward
* Extend collaboration with the Waku team on go-waku bindings and message reliability testing * Extend collaboration with the Waku team on go-waku bindings and message reliability testing
* Cement working relationship with the Nomos team through the building of an E2E testing framework for higher-level node validation * Cement working relationship with the Nomos team through the building of an E2E testing framework for higher-level node validation
* Work closely with Status’s QA team to enhance the functional testing framework * Work closely with Status’s QA team to enhance the functional testing framework
@@ -91,88 +87,94 @@ The QA Service Unit focuses on the development and execution of comprehensive te
* Expand collaboration to additional projects * Expand collaboration to additional projects
## RFC ## RFC
The RFC Service Unit takes on the responsibility of shepherding and editing specifications for IFT projects. The RFC Service Unit takes on the responsibility of shepherding and editing specifications for IFT projects.
The unit acts as a linchpin for ensuring standardised and interoperable protocols within the IFT ecosystem. The unit acts as a linchpin for ensuring standardized and interoperable protocols within the IFT ecosystem.
### Highlights ### Highlights
* Working to implement RFC culture across the IFT ecosystem * Working to implement RFC culture across the IFT ecosystem
* Began editorial work for several IFT portfolio projects: Status, Nomos, Waku, and Codex. * Began editorial work for several IFT portfolio projects: Status, Nomos, Waku, and Codex.
* Reworked our standards with regard to writing RFCs to a consensus-oriented specification system * Reworked our standards with regard to writing RFCs to a consensus-oriented specification system
### Looking forward ### Looking forward
* Continue to implement RFC culture across the IFT ecosystem * Continue to implement RFC culture across the IFT ecosystem
* Broaden the number of RFCs produced – particularly for IFT portfolio projects nearing public releases * Broaden the number of RFCs produced
– particularly for IFT portfolio projects nearing public releases
* Include new projects with the [rfc-index](https://rfc.vac.dev/) * Include new projects with the [rfc-index](https://rfc.vac.dev/)
* Encourage external projects requiring RFCs to establish relationships with the service unit * Encourage external projects requiring RFCs to establish relationships with the service unit
## Applied Cryptography and ZK (ACZ) ## Applied Cryptography and ZK (ACZ)
The ACZ Service Unit focuses on cryptographic solutions and zero-knowledge proofs,
The ACZ Service Unit focuses on cryptographic solutions and zero-knowledge proofs, enhancing the security, privacy, and trustworthiness of IFT portfolio projects and contributing to the overall integrity and resilience of the decentralised web ecosystem. enhancing the security, privacy, and trustworthiness of IFT portfolio projects
and contributing to the overall integrity and resilience of the decentralized web ecosystem.
### Highlights ### Highlights
* Researched a libp2p mix protocol and first proof-of-concept implementation (including ping and GossipSub over mix) * Researched a libp2p mix protocol and first proof-of-concept implementation (including ping and GossipSub over mix)
* Reseached a decentralised version of MLS (message layer security) with a first proof of concept * Researched a decentralized version of MLS (message layer security) with a first proof of concept
* Released Zerokit [v0.6.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/zerokit/releases/tag/v0.6.0) and [v0.5.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/zerokit/releases/tag/v0.5.0) * Released Zerokit [v0.6.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/zerokit/releases/tag/v0.6.0)
and [v0.5.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/zerokit/releases/tag/v0.5.0)
* Added [gnark RLN implementation](https://github.com/vacp2p/gnark-rln) * Added [gnark RLN implementation](https://github.com/vacp2p/gnark-rln)
* Released Stealth Address Kit [v0.3.1](https://github.com/vacp2p/stealth-address-kit/releases/tag/v0.3.1), [v0.2.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/stealth-address-kit/releases/tag/v0.2.0), and [v0.1.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/stealth-address-kit/releases/tag/v0.1.0) * Released Stealth Address Kit [v0.3.1](https://github.com/vacp2p/stealth-address-kit/releases/tag/v0.3.1),
[v0.2.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/stealth-address-kit/releases/tag/v0.2.0),
and [v0.1.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/stealth-address-kit/releases/tag/v0.1.0)
* Published: * Published:
* [Verifying RLN Proofs in Light Clients with Subtrees](https://vac.dev/rlog/rln-light-verifiers/) * [Verifying RLN Proofs in Light Clients with Subtrees](https://vac.dev/rlog/rln-light-verifiers/)
* [RLN-v3: Towards a Flexible and Cost-Efficient Implementation](https://vac.dev/rlog/rln-v3/) * [RLN-v3: Towards a Flexible and Cost-Efficient Implementation](https://vac.dev/rlog/rln-v3/)
### Looking forward ### Looking forward
* Ensure libp2p mix protocol is production-ready
* Ensure libp2p mix protocol is production-ready and support with the publishing of a paper and blog posts and support with the publishing of a paper and blog posts
* Ensure decentralised MLS is production-ready and support with the publishing of a paper and blog posts * Ensure decentralized MLS is production-ready
and support with the publishing of a paper and blog posts
* Begin explorations of additional research topics * Begin explorations of additional research topics
* Release [Zerokit v0.7](https://github.com/vacp2p/zerokit/issues/271) and future versions * Release [Zerokit v0.7](https://github.com/vacp2p/zerokit/issues/271) and future versions
## P2P ## P2P
The P2P Service Unit specializes in peer-to-peer technologies
The P2P Service Unit specialises in peer-to-peer technologies and develops nim-libp2p, improves the libp2p GossipSub protocol, and assists IFT portfolio projects with the integration of P2P network layers. and develops nim-libp2p, improves the libp2p GossipSub protocol, and assists IFT portfolio projects with the integration of P2P network layers.
### Highlights ### Highlights
* Analysis and work on libp2p GossipSub improvements * Analysis and work on libp2p GossipSub improvements
* Published: * Published:
* [Libp2p GossipSub IDONTWANT Message Performance Impact](https://vac.dev/rlog/gsub-idontwant-perf-eval/) * [Libp2p GossipSub IDONTWANT Message Performance Impact](https://vac.dev/rlog/gsub-idontwant-perf-eval/)
* PR to libp2p specifications about specific lib2p GossipSub improvements we researched and tested https://github.com/libp2p/specs/pull/654 * PR to libp2p specifications about specific lib2p GossipSub improvements we researched and tested https://github.com/libp2p/specs/pull/654
### Looking forward ### Looking forward
* Add new features to nim-libp2p:
* Add new features to nim-libp2p: QUIC transport, web transport QUIC transport, web transport
* Update specifications for libp2p GossipSub, aiming to significantly improve its performance * Update specifications for libp2p GossipSub,
aiming to significantly improve its performance
## Distributed Systems Testing (DST) ## Distributed Systems Testing (DST)
The DST Service Unit’s primary objective is to assist IFT portfolio projects in understanding the scaling behavior of their nodes within larger networks.
The DST Service Unit’s primary objective is to assist IFT portfolio projects in understanding the scaling behaviour of their nodes within larger networks.
By conducting thorough regression testing, the DST unit helps ensure the reliability and stability of projects. By conducting thorough regression testing, the DST unit helps ensure the reliability and stability of projects.
### Highlights ### Highlights
* DST compute resources transitioned from a hosted environment to a dedicated Vac Lab,
* DST compute resources transitioned from a hosted environment to a dedicated Vac Lab, enabling better customisation of resources and adding significantly more compute power – enabled much higher and more stable simulations (several hundred nodes to several thousand) and enhanced environmental control. enabling better customization of resources and adding significantly more compute power
* Maintained monthly regression simulations for both Waku and Nim-libp2p, helping us to detect several issues and ensure that future versions do not introduce new ones. – enabled much higher and more stable simulations (several hundred nodes to several thousand) and enhanced environmental control.
* Maintained monthly regression simulations for both Waku and Nim-libp2p,
helping us to detect several issues and ensure that future versions do not introduce new ones.
* Successfully simulated and obtained results for all Waku protocols, relaying feedback to the team. * Successfully simulated and obtained results for all Waku protocols, relaying feedback to the team.
### Looking forward ### Looking forward
* More testing and simulations for Codex and Nomos * More testing and simulations for Codex and Nomos
* Develop useful tools for all IFT portfolio projects – e.g. a Log Parser tool and data dashboard * Develop useful tools for all IFT portfolio projects – e.g. a Log Parser tool and data dashboard
## Nim ## Nim
Several IFT portfolio projects use the Nim ecosystem for its efficiency. Several IFT portfolio projects use the Nim ecosystem for its efficiency.
The Nim Service Unit is responsible for the development and maintenance of Nim tooling. The Nim Service Unit is responsible for the development and maintenance of Nim tooling.
### Highlights ### Highlights
* Released Nim-libp2p ([v1.7.1](https://github.com/vacp2p/nim-libp2p/releases/tag/v1.7.1),
* Released Nim-libp2p ([v1.7.1](https://github.com/vacp2p/nim-libp2p/releases/tag/v1.7.1), [v1.7.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/nim-libp2p/releases/tag/v1.7.0), [v1.6.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/nim-libp2p/releases/tag/v1.6.0), [v1.5.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/nim-libp2p/releases/tag/v1.5.0), [v1.4.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/nim-libp2p/releases/tag/v1.4.0), [v1.3.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/nim-libp2p/releases/tag/v1.3.0), [v1.2.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/nim-libp2p/releases/tag/v1.2.0)) [v1.7.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/nim-libp2p/releases/tag/v1.7.0),
[v1.6.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/nim-libp2p/releases/tag/v1.6.0),
[v1.5.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/nim-libp2p/releases/tag/v1.5.0),
[v1.4.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/nim-libp2p/releases/tag/v1.4.0),
[v1.3.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/nim-libp2p/releases/tag/v1.3.0),
[v1.2.0](https://github.com/vacp2p/nim-libp2p/releases/tag/v1.2.0))
* Introduced SAT solver to the Nimble package manager that significantly improves dependency resolution * Introduced SAT solver to the Nimble package manager that significantly improves dependency resolution
* Nim VSCode Extension * Nim VSCode Extension
* Stabilised Nim Language Server * Stabilized Nim Language Server
## Smart Contracts (SC) ## Smart Contracts (SC)
Vac's Smart Contracts Service Unit ensures the smart contracts deployed across the various IFT portfolio projects are secure, robust, and aligned with project requirements. Vac's Smart Contracts Service Unit ensures the smart contracts deployed across the various IFT portfolio projects are secure, robust, and aligned with project requirements.
@@ -195,13 +197,12 @@ Vac's Smart Contracts Service Unit ensures the smart contracts deployed across t
* Engage in more learn-up sessions to promote org-wide knowledge sharing. * Engage in more learn-up sessions to promote org-wide knowledge sharing.
## Heading into 2025 ## Heading into 2025
This year has seen Vac involved with many research, development, and testing undertakings in support of IFT portfolio projects. This year has seen Vac involved with many research, development, and testing undertakings in support of IFT portfolio projects.
The digital public goods that emerge from our efforts not only benefit the organisation itself but are open and free to use by any project that would benefit. The digital public goods that emerge from our efforts not only support the organization itself but are open and free to use by any project that would benefit.
As we move into 2025, we aim to nurture a stronger RFC culture across the IFT to encourage greater collaboration and knowledge sharing among portfolio projects. As we move into 2025, we aim to nurture a stronger RFC culture across the IFT to encourage greater collaboration and knowledge sharing among portfolio projects.
Our goal is to serve as an internal conduit of expertise within the organisation, supported by a strong RFC culture, maintaining a repository of internal knowledge creation, and identifying and facilitating IFT project synergies. Our goal is to serve as an internal conduit of expertise within the organization, supported by a strong RFC culture, maintaining a repository of internal knowledge creation, and identifying and facilitating IFT project synergies.
Such an approach should lead to greater efficiencies across the organisation. Such an approach should lead to greater efficiencies across the organization.
We also aim to establish a diverse research community around Vac, and our efforts in this regard are already underway. We also aim to establish a diverse research community around Vac, and our efforts in this regard are already underway.
In the final quarter of 2024, Vac stepped up its collaboration with the libp2p community and made a concerted effort to engage the community on the [Vac forum](https://forum.vac.dev/). In the final quarter of 2024, Vac stepped up its collaboration with the libp2p community and made a concerted effort to engage the community on the [Vac forum](https://forum.vac.dev/).