diff --git a/src/back/spv/writer.rs b/src/back/spv/writer.rs
index 1af929eda1..dac71b19f9 100644
--- a/src/back/spv/writer.rs
+++ b/src/back/spv/writer.rs
@@ -1310,6 +1310,11 @@ impl Writer {
         self.logical_layout.in_words(words);
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    /// Return the set of capabilities the last module written used.
+    pub fn get_capabilities_used(&self) -> &crate::FastHashSet<spirv::Capability> {
+        &self.capabilities_used
+    }
 }
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/tests/spirv-capabilities.rs b/tests/spirv-capabilities.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c4664a90c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/spirv-capabilities.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+//! Test SPIR-V backend capability checks.
+
+#![cfg(all(feature = "wgsl-in", feature = "spv-out"))]
+
+use spirv::Capability as Ca;
+
+fn capabilities_used(source: &str) -> naga::FastHashSet<Ca> {
+    use naga::back::spv;
+    use naga::valid;
+
+    let module = naga::front::wgsl::parse_str(source).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+        panic!(
+            "expected WGSL to parse successfully:\n{}",
+            e.emit_to_string(source)
+        );
+    });
+
+    let info = valid::Validator::new(valid::ValidationFlags::all(), valid::Capabilities::all())
+        .validate(&module)
+        .expect("validation failed");
+
+    let mut words = vec![];
+    let mut writer = spv::Writer::new(&spv::Options::default()).unwrap();
+    writer.write(&module, &info, &mut words).unwrap();
+    writer.get_capabilities_used().clone()
+}
+
+fn require(capabilities: &[Ca], source: &str) {
+    let caps_used = capabilities_used(source);
+
+    let missing_caps: Vec<_> = capabilities
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|cap| !caps_used.contains(cap))
+        .cloned()
+        .collect();
+    if !missing_caps.is_empty() {
+        panic!(
+            "shader code should have requested these caps: {:?}",
+            missing_caps
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+fn require_and_forbid(required: &[Ca], forbidden: &[Ca], source: &str) {
+    let caps_used = capabilities_used(source);
+
+    let missing_caps: Vec<_> = required
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|cap| !caps_used.contains(cap))
+        .cloned()
+        .collect();
+    if !missing_caps.is_empty() {
+        panic!(
+            "shader code should have requested these caps: {:?}",
+            missing_caps
+        );
+    }
+
+    let forbidden_caps: Vec<_> = forbidden
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|cap| caps_used.contains(cap))
+        .cloned()
+        .collect();
+    if !forbidden_caps.is_empty() {
+        panic!(
+            "shader code should not have requested these caps: {:?}",
+            forbidden_caps
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn sampler1d() {
+    require(
+        &[Ca::Sampled1D],
+        r#"
+        [[group(0), binding(0)]]
+        var image_1d: texture_1d<f32>;
+    "#,
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn storage1d() {
+    require(
+        &[Ca::Image1D],
+        r#"
+        [[group(0), binding(0)]]
+        var image_1d: texture_storage_1d<rgba8unorm,write>;
+    "#,
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn cube_array() {
+    // ImageCubeArray is only for storage cube array images, which WGSL doesn't
+    // support
+    require_and_forbid(
+        &[Ca::SampledCubeArray],
+        &[Ca::ImageCubeArray],
+        r#"
+        [[group(0), binding(0)]]
+        var image_cube: texture_cube_array<f32>;
+    "#,
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn image_queries() {
+    require(
+        &[Ca::ImageQuery],
+        r#"
+        fn f(i: texture_2d<f32>) -> vec2<i32> {
+            return textureDimensions(i);
+        }
+    "#,
+    );
+    require(
+        &[Ca::ImageQuery],
+        r#"
+        fn f(i: texture_2d_array<f32>) -> i32 {
+            return textureNumLayers(i);
+        }
+    "#,
+    );
+    require(
+        &[Ca::ImageQuery],
+        r#"
+        fn f(i: texture_2d<f32>) -> i32 {
+            return textureNumLevels(i);
+        }
+    "#,
+    );
+    require(
+        &[Ca::ImageQuery],
+        r#"
+        fn f(i: texture_multisampled_2d<f32>) -> i32 {
+            return textureNumSamples(i);
+        }
+    "#,
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn sample_rate_shading() {
+    require(
+        &[Ca::SampleRateShading],
+        r#"
+        [[stage(fragment)]]
+        fn f([[location(0), interpolate(perspective, sample)]] x: f32) { }
+    "#,
+    );
+
+    require(
+        &[Ca::SampleRateShading],
+        r#"
+        [[stage(fragment)]]
+        fn f([[builtin(sample_index)]] x: u32) { }
+    "#,
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn geometry() {
+    require(
+        &[Ca::Geometry],
+        r#"
+        [[stage(fragment)]]
+        fn f([[builtin(primitive_index)]] x: u32) { }
+    "#,
+    );
+}