Track existing subscriptions to prevent repeated attempts

refactor to use reflect.TypeFor (#15627 )
* refactor to use reflect.TypeFor * added changelog fragment file * update changelog --------- Co-authored-by: james-prysm <90280386+james-prysm@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-01-09 21:38:05 -05:00 · 2025-09-29 13:54:28 +01:00 · 2025-09-26 17:26:44 +00:00 · 2025-09-26 14:23:22 +00:00 · 2025-09-26 02:33:57 +00:00 · 2025-09-25 17:01:22 +00:00
276 changed files with 19489 additions and 18473 deletions
--- a/.github/actions/gomodtidy/Dockerfile
+++ b/.github/actions/gomodtidy/Dockerfile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM golang:1.24-alpine
+FROM golang:1.25.1-alpine

 COPY entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh

--- a/.github/workflows/fuzz.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/fuzz.yml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - uses: actions/setup-go@v4
        with:
-          go-version: '1.23.5'
+          go-version: '1.25.1'
      - id: list
        uses: shogo82148/actions-go-fuzz/list@v0
        with:
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - uses: actions/setup-go@v4
        with:
-          go-version: '1.23.5'
+          go-version: '1.25.1'
      - uses: shogo82148/actions-go-fuzz/run@v0
        with:
          packages: ${{ matrix.package }}
--- a/.github/workflows/go.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/go.yml
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Set up Go 1.24
        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
        with:
-          go-version: '1.24.0'
+          go-version: '1.25.1'
      - name: Run Gosec Security Scanner
        run: | # https://github.com/securego/gosec/issues/469
          export PATH=$PATH:$(go env GOPATH)/bin
@@ -44,27 +44,27 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Set up Go 1.24
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
        with:
-          go-version: '1.24.0'
-          id: go
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Set up Go 1.25.1
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: '1.25.1'

      - name: Golangci-lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v5
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v8
        with:
-          version: v1.64.5
-          args: --config=.golangci.yml --out-${NO_FUTURE}format colored-line-number
+          version: v2.4

  build:
    name: Build
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - name: Set up Go 1.x
+      - name: Set up Go 1.25.1
        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
        with:
-          go-version: '1.24.0'
+          go-version: '1.25.1'
        id: go

      - name: Check out code into the Go module directory
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -1,90 +1,41 @@
+version: "2"
 run:
-  timeout: 10m
-  go: '1.23.5'
-
-issues:
-  exclude-files:
-    - validator/web/site_data.go
-    - .*_test.go
-  exclude-dirs:
-    - proto
-    - tools/analyzers
-
+  go: 1.23.5
 linters:
-  enable-all: true
-  disable:
-    # Deprecated linters:
+  enable:
+    - errcheck
+    - ineffassign
    - govet
-
-    # Disabled for now:
-    - asasalint
-    - bodyclose
-    - containedctx
-    - contextcheck
-    - cyclop
-    - depguard
-    - dogsled
-    - dupl
-    - durationcheck
-    - errname
-    - err113
-    - exhaustive
-    - exhaustruct
-    - forbidigo
-    - forcetypeassert
-    - funlen
-    - gci
-    - gochecknoglobals
-    - gochecknoinits
-    - goconst
-    - gocritic
-    - gocyclo
-    - godot
-    - godox
-    - gofumpt
-    - gomoddirectives
-    - gosec
-    - inamedparam
-    - interfacebloat
-    - intrange
-    - ireturn
-    - lll
-    - maintidx
-    - makezero
-    - mnd
-    - musttag
-    - nakedret
-    - nestif
-    - nilnil
-    - nlreturn
-    - noctx
-    - nolintlint
-    - nonamedreturns
-    - nosprintfhostport
-    - perfsprint
-    - prealloc
-    - predeclared
-    - promlinter
-    - protogetter
-    - recvcheck
-    - revive
-    - spancheck
+  disable:
    - staticcheck
-    - stylecheck
-    - tagalign
-    - tagliatelle
-    - thelper
-    - unparam
-    - usetesting
-    - varnamelen
-    - wrapcheck
-    - wsl
+    - unused
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    presets:
+      - comments
+      - common-false-positives
+      - legacy
+      - std-error-handling
+    paths:
+      - validator/web/site_data.go
+      - .*_test.go
+      - proto
+      - tools/analyzers
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$

-linters-settings:
-  gocognit:
-    # TODO: We should target for < 50
-    min-complexity: 65
-
-output:
-  print-issued-lines: true
-  sort-results: true
+formatters:
+  enable:
+    - gofmt
+    - goimports
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    paths:
+      - validator/web/site_data.go
+      - .*_test.go
+      - proto
+      - tools/analyzers
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$
--- a/58
+++ b/58
@@ -158,15 +158,15 @@ oci_register_toolchains(

 http_archive(
    name = "io_bazel_rules_go",
-    integrity = "sha256-JD8o94crTb2DFiJJR8nMAGdBAW95zIENB4cbI+JnrI4=",
    patch_args = ["-p1"],
    patches = [
        # Expose internals of go_test for custom build transitions.
        "//third_party:io_bazel_rules_go_test.patch",
    ],
-    strip_prefix = "rules_go-cf3c3af34bd869b864f5f2b98e2f41c2b220d6c9",
+    sha256 = "a729c8ed2447c90fe140077689079ca0acfb7580ec41637f312d650ce9d93d96",
    urls = [
-        "https://github.com/bazel-contrib/rules_go/archive/cf3c3af34bd869b864f5f2b98e2f41c2b220d6c9.tar.gz",
+        "https://mirror.bazel.build/github.com/bazel-contrib/rules_go/releases/download/v0.57.0/rules_go-v0.57.0.zip",
+        "https://github.com/bazel-contrib/rules_go/releases/download/v0.57.0/rules_go-v0.57.0.zip",
    ],
 )

@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ load("@io_bazel_rules_go//go:deps.bzl", "go_register_toolchains", "go_rules_depe
 go_rules_dependencies()

 go_register_toolchains(
-    go_version = "1.24.6",
+    go_version = "1.25.1",
    nogo = "@//:nogo",
 )

@@ -253,16 +253,16 @@ filegroup(
    url = "https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/archive/5480440fe51742ed23342b68cf106cefd427e39d.tar.gz",
 )

-consensus_spec_version = "v1.6.0-alpha.6"
+consensus_spec_version = "v1.6.0-beta.0"

 load("@prysm//tools:download_spectests.bzl", "consensus_spec_tests")

 consensus_spec_tests(
    name = "consensus_spec_tests",
    flavors = {
-        "general": "sha256-7wkWuahuCO37uVYnxq8Badvi+jY907pBj68ixL8XDOI=",
-        "minimal": "sha256-Qy/f27N0LffS/ej7VhIubwDejD6LMK0VdenKkqtZVt4=",
-        "mainnet": "sha256-3H7mu5yE+FGz2Wr/nc8Nd9aEu93YoEpsYtn0zBSoeDE=",
+        "general": "sha256-rT3jQp2+ZaDiO66gIQggetzqr+kGeexaLqEhbx4HDMY=",
+        "minimal": "sha256-wowwwyvd0KJLsE+oDOtPkrhZyJndJpJ0lbXYsLH6XBw=",
+        "mainnet": "sha256-4ZLrLNeO7NihZ4TuWH5V5fUhvW9Y3mAPBQDCqrfShps=",
    },
    version = consensus_spec_version,
 )
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ filegroup(
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )
    """,
-    integrity = "sha256-uvz3XfMTGfy3/BtQQoEp5XQOgrWgcH/5Zo/gR0iiP+k=",
+    integrity = "sha256-sBe3Rx8zGq9IrvfgIhZQpYidGjy3mE1SiCb6/+pjLdY=",
    strip_prefix = "consensus-specs-" + consensus_spec_version[1:],
    url = "https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/archive/refs/tags/%s.tar.gz" % consensus_spec_version,
 )
@@ -300,22 +300,6 @@ filegroup(
    url = "https://github.com/ethereum/bls12-381-tests/releases/download/%s/bls_tests_yaml.tar.gz" % bls_test_version,
 )

-http_archive(
-    name = "eth2_networks",
-    build_file_content = """
-filegroup(
-    name = "configs",
-    srcs = glob([
-        "shared/**/config.yaml",
-    ]),
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-)
-    """,
-    sha256 = "77e7e3ed65e33b7bb19d30131f4c2bb39e4dfeb188ab9ae84651c3cc7600131d",
-    strip_prefix = "eth2-networks-934c948e69205dcf2deb87e4ae6cc140c335f94d",
-    url = "https://github.com/eth-clients/eth2-networks/archive/934c948e69205dcf2deb87e4ae6cc140c335f94d.tar.gz",
-)
-
 http_archive(
    name = "holesky_testnet",
    build_file_content = """
@@ -327,9 +311,9 @@ filegroup(
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )
 """,
-    integrity = "sha256-YVFFrCmjoGZ3fXMWpsCpSsYbANy1grnqYwOLKIg2SsA=",
-    strip_prefix = "holesky-32a72e21c6e53c262f27d50dd540cb654517d03a",
-    url = "https://github.com/eth-clients/holesky/archive/32a72e21c6e53c262f27d50dd540cb654517d03a.tar.gz",  # 2025-03-17
+    integrity = "sha256-htyxg8Ln2o8eCiifFN7/hcHGZg8Ir9CPzCEx+FUnnCs=",
+    strip_prefix = "holesky-8aec65f11f0c986d6b76b2eb902420635eb9b815",
+    url = "https://github.com/eth-clients/holesky/archive/8aec65f11f0c986d6b76b2eb902420635eb9b815.tar.gz",
 )

 http_archive(
@@ -359,9 +343,9 @@ filegroup(
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )
 """,
-    integrity = "sha256-b5F7Wg9LLMqGRIpP2uqb/YsSFVn2ynzlV7g/Nb1EFLk=",
-    strip_prefix = "sepolia-562d9938f08675e9ba490a1dfba21fb05843f39f",
-    url = "https://github.com/eth-clients/sepolia/archive/562d9938f08675e9ba490a1dfba21fb05843f39f.tar.gz",  # 2025-03-17
+    integrity = "sha256-+UZgfvBcea0K0sbvAJZOz5ZNmxdWZYbohP38heUuc6w=",
+    strip_prefix = "sepolia-f9158732adb1a2a6440613ad2232eb50e7384c4f",
+    url = "https://github.com/eth-clients/sepolia/archive/f9158732adb1a2a6440613ad2232eb50e7384c4f.tar.gz",
 )

 http_archive(
@@ -375,17 +359,17 @@ filegroup(
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )
 """,
-    integrity = "sha256-dPiEWUd8QvbYGwGtIm0QtCekitVLOLsW5rpQIGzz8PU=",
-    strip_prefix = "hoodi-828c2c940e1141092bd4bb979cef547ea926d272",
-    url = "https://github.com/eth-clients/hoodi/archive/828c2c940e1141092bd4bb979cef547ea926d272.tar.gz",
+    integrity = "sha256-G+4c9c/vci1OyPrQJnQCI+ZCv/E0cWN4hrHDY3i7ns0=",
+    strip_prefix = "hoodi-b6ee51b2045a5e7fe3efac52534f75b080b049c6",
+    url = "https://github.com/eth-clients/hoodi/archive/b6ee51b2045a5e7fe3efac52534f75b080b049c6.tar.gz",
 )

 http_archive(
    name = "com_google_protobuf",
-    sha256 = "9bd87b8280ef720d3240514f884e56a712f2218f0d693b48050c836028940a42",
-    strip_prefix = "protobuf-25.1",
+    sha256 = "7c3ebd7aaedd86fa5dc479a0fda803f602caaf78d8aff7ce83b89e1b8ae7442a",
+    strip_prefix = "protobuf-28.3",
    urls = [
-        "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/archive/v25.1.tar.gz",
+        "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/archive/v28.3.tar.gz",
    ],
 )

--- a/api/client/builder/client.go
+++ b/api/client/builder/client.go
@@ -30,10 +30,11 @@ import (
 )

 const (
-	getExecHeaderPath          = "/eth/v1/builder/header/{{.Slot}}/{{.ParentHash}}/{{.Pubkey}}"
-	getStatus                  = "/eth/v1/builder/status"
-	postBlindedBeaconBlockPath = "/eth/v1/builder/blinded_blocks"
-	postRegisterValidatorPath  = "/eth/v1/builder/validators"
+	getExecHeaderPath            = "/eth/v1/builder/header/{{.Slot}}/{{.ParentHash}}/{{.Pubkey}}"
+	getStatus                    = "/eth/v1/builder/status"
+	postBlindedBeaconBlockPath   = "/eth/v1/builder/blinded_blocks"
+	postBlindedBeaconBlockV2Path = "/eth/v2/builder/blinded_blocks"
+	postRegisterValidatorPath    = "/eth/v1/builder/validators"
 )

 var (
@@ -512,7 +513,7 @@ func (c *Client) SubmitBlindedBlockPostFulu(ctx context.Context, sb interfaces.R
 	}

 	// Post the blinded block - the response should only contain a status code (no payload)
-	_, _, err = c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, postBlindedBeaconBlockPath, bytes.NewBuffer(body), http.StatusAccepted, postOpts)
+	_, _, err = c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, postBlindedBeaconBlockV2Path, bytes.NewBuffer(body), http.StatusAccepted, postOpts)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "error posting the blinded block to the builder api post-Fulu")
 	}
--- a/api/client/builder/client_test.go
+++ b/api/client/builder/client_test.go
@@ -1561,7 +1561,7 @@ func TestSubmitBlindedBlockPostFulu(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("success", func(t *testing.T) {
 		hc := &http.Client{
 			Transport: roundtrip(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-				require.Equal(t, postBlindedBeaconBlockPath, r.URL.Path)
+				require.Equal(t, postBlindedBeaconBlockV2Path, r.URL.Path)
 				require.Equal(t, "bellatrix", r.Header.Get("Eth-Consensus-Version"))
 				require.Equal(t, api.JsonMediaType, r.Header.Get("Content-Type"))
 				require.Equal(t, api.JsonMediaType, r.Header.Get("Accept"))
@@ -1586,7 +1586,7 @@ func TestSubmitBlindedBlockPostFulu(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("success_ssz", func(t *testing.T) {
 		hc := &http.Client{
 			Transport: roundtrip(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-				require.Equal(t, postBlindedBeaconBlockPath, r.URL.Path)
+				require.Equal(t, postBlindedBeaconBlockV2Path, r.URL.Path)
 				require.Equal(t, "bellatrix", r.Header.Get(api.VersionHeader))
 				require.Equal(t, api.OctetStreamMediaType, r.Header.Get("Content-Type"))
 				require.Equal(t, api.OctetStreamMediaType, r.Header.Get("Accept"))
@@ -1612,7 +1612,7 @@ func TestSubmitBlindedBlockPostFulu(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("error_response", func(t *testing.T) {
 		hc := &http.Client{
 			Transport: roundtrip(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-				require.Equal(t, postBlindedBeaconBlockPath, r.URL.Path)
+				require.Equal(t, postBlindedBeaconBlockV2Path, r.URL.Path)
 				require.Equal(t, "bellatrix", r.Header.Get("Eth-Consensus-Version"))
 				message := ErrorMessage{
 					Code:    400,
--- a/api/server/structs/endpoints_beacon.go
+++ b/api/server/structs/endpoints_beacon.go
@@ -290,3 +290,9 @@ type GetProposerLookaheadResponse struct {
 	Finalized           bool     `json:"finalized"`
 	Data                []string `json:"data"` // validator indexes
 }
+
+type GetBlobsResponse struct {
+	ExecutionOptimistic bool     `json:"execution_optimistic"`
+	Finalized           bool     `json:"finalized"`
+	Data                []string `json:"data"` //blobs
+}
--- a/api/server/structs/endpoints_debug.go
+++ b/api/server/structs/endpoints_debug.go
@@ -56,3 +56,19 @@ type ForkChoiceNodeExtraData struct {
 	TimeStamp                string `json:"timestamp"`
 	Target                   string `json:"target"`
 }
+
+type GetDebugDataColumnSidecarsResponse struct {
+	Version             string               `json:"version"`
+	ExecutionOptimistic bool                 `json:"execution_optimistic"`
+	Finalized           bool                 `json:"finalized"`
+	Data                []*DataColumnSidecar `json:"data"`
+}
+
+type DataColumnSidecar struct {
+	Index                        string                   `json:"index"`
+	Column                       []string                 `json:"column"`
+	KzgCommitments               []string                 `json:"kzg_commitments"`
+	KzgProofs                    []string                 `json:"kzg_proofs"`
+	SignedBeaconBlockHeader      *SignedBeaconBlockHeader `json:"signed_block_header"`
+	KzgCommitmentsInclusionProof []string                 `json:"kzg_commitments_inclusion_proof"`
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/BUILD.bazel
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ go_library(
        "//beacon-chain/core/feed:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/feed/state:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/helpers:go_default_library",
-        "//beacon-chain/core/light-client:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/peerdas:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/signing:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/time:go_default_library",
@@ -63,6 +62,7 @@ go_library(
        "//beacon-chain/forkchoice:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/forkchoice/types:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/light-client:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/operations/attestations:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/operations/blstoexec:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/operations/slashings:go_default_library",
@@ -148,7 +148,6 @@ go_test(
        "//beacon-chain/core/blocks:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/feed/state:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/helpers:go_default_library",
-        "//beacon-chain/core/light-client:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/peerdas:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/signing:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/transition:go_default_library",
@@ -161,6 +160,7 @@ go_test(
        "//beacon-chain/forkchoice:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/forkchoice/types:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/light-client:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/operations/attestations:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/operations/attestations/kv:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/operations/blstoexec:go_default_library",
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/execution_engine.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/execution_engine.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/state"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/features"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
-	consensusblocks "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
+	blocktypes "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/interfaces"
 	payloadattribute "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/payload-attribute"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
@@ -218,24 +218,18 @@ func (s *Service) getPayloadHash(ctx context.Context, root []byte) ([32]byte, er

 // notifyNewPayload signals execution engine on a new payload.
 // It returns true if the EL has returned VALID for the block
-func (s *Service) notifyNewPayload(ctx context.Context, preStateVersion int,
-	preStateHeader interfaces.ExecutionData, blk interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock) (bool, error) {
+// stVersion should represent the version of the pre-state; header should also be from the pre-state.
+func (s *Service) notifyNewPayload(ctx context.Context, stVersion int, header interfaces.ExecutionData, blk blocktypes.ROBlock) (bool, error) {
 	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.notifyNewPayload")
 	defer span.End()

 	// Execution payload is only supported in Bellatrix and beyond. Pre
 	// merge blocks are never optimistic
-	if blk == nil {
-		return false, errors.New("signed beacon block can't be nil")
-	}
-	if preStateVersion < version.Bellatrix {
+	if stVersion < version.Bellatrix {
 		return true, nil
 	}
-	if err := consensusblocks.BeaconBlockIsNil(blk); err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
 	body := blk.Block().Body()
-	enabled, err := blocks.IsExecutionEnabledUsingHeader(preStateHeader, body)
+	enabled, err := blocks.IsExecutionEnabledUsingHeader(header, body)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, errors.Wrap(invalidBlock{error: err}, "could not determine if execution is enabled")
 	}
@@ -268,28 +262,32 @@ func (s *Service) notifyNewPayload(ctx context.Context, preStateVersion int,
 			return false, errors.New("nil execution requests")
 		}
 	}
-	lastValidHash, err = s.cfg.ExecutionEngineCaller.NewPayload(ctx, payload, versionedHashes, parentRoot, requests)

-	switch {
-	case err == nil:
+	lastValidHash, err = s.cfg.ExecutionEngineCaller.NewPayload(ctx, payload, versionedHashes, parentRoot, requests)
+	if err == nil {
 		newPayloadValidNodeCount.Inc()
 		return true, nil
-	case errors.Is(err, execution.ErrAcceptedSyncingPayloadStatus):
+	}
+	logFields := logrus.Fields{
+		"slot":             blk.Block().Slot(),
+		"parentRoot":       fmt.Sprintf("%#x", parentRoot),
+		"root":             fmt.Sprintf("%#x", blk.Root()),
+		"payloadBlockHash": fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bytesutil.Trunc(payload.BlockHash())),
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, execution.ErrAcceptedSyncingPayloadStatus) {
 		newPayloadOptimisticNodeCount.Inc()
-		log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-			"slot":             blk.Block().Slot(),
-			"payloadBlockHash": fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bytesutil.Trunc(payload.BlockHash())),
-		}).Info("Called new payload with optimistic block")
+		log.WithFields(logFields).Info("Called new payload with optimistic block")
 		return false, nil
-	case errors.Is(err, execution.ErrInvalidPayloadStatus):
-		lvh := bytesutil.ToBytes32(lastValidHash)
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, execution.ErrInvalidPayloadStatus) {
+		log.WithFields(logFields).WithError(err).Error("Invalid payload status")
 		return false, invalidBlock{
 			error:         ErrInvalidPayload,
-			lastValidHash: lvh,
+			lastValidHash: bytesutil.ToBytes32(lastValidHash),
 		}
-	default:
-		return false, errors.WithMessage(ErrUndefinedExecutionEngineError, err.Error())
 	}
+	log.WithFields(logFields).WithError(err).Error("Unexpected execution engine error")
+	return false, errors.WithMessage(ErrUndefinedExecutionEngineError, err.Error())
 }

 // reportInvalidBlock deals with the event that an invalid block was detected by the execution layer
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/execution_engine_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/execution_engine_test.go
@@ -481,33 +481,12 @@ func Test_NotifyNewPayload(t *testing.T) {
 	phase0State, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 1)
 	altairState, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisStateAltair(t, 1)
 	bellatrixState, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisStateBellatrix(t, 2)
-	a := &ethpb.SignedBeaconBlockAltair{
-		Block: &ethpb.BeaconBlockAltair{
-			Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBodyAltair{},
-		},
-	}
+	a := util.NewBeaconBlockAltair()
 	altairBlk, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(a)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	blk := &ethpb.SignedBeaconBlockBellatrix{
-		Block: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBellatrix{
-			Slot: 1,
-			Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBodyBellatrix{
-				ExecutionPayload: &v1.ExecutionPayload{
-					BlockNumber:   1,
-					ParentHash:    make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength),
-					FeeRecipient:  make([]byte, fieldparams.FeeRecipientLength),
-					StateRoot:     make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength),
-					ReceiptsRoot:  make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength),
-					LogsBloom:     make([]byte, fieldparams.LogsBloomLength),
-					PrevRandao:    make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength),
-					ExtraData:     make([]byte, 0),
-					BaseFeePerGas: make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength),
-					BlockHash:     make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength),
-					Transactions:  make([][]byte, 0),
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
+	blk := util.NewBeaconBlockBellatrix()
+	blk.Block.Slot = 1
+	blk.Block.Body.ExecutionPayload.BlockNumber = 1
 	bellatrixBlk, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(util.HydrateSignedBeaconBlockBellatrix(blk))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	st := params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch.Mul(uint64(epochsSinceFinalitySaveHotStateDB))
@@ -544,12 +523,6 @@ func Test_NotifyNewPayload(t *testing.T) {
 			blk:            altairBlk,
 			isValidPayload: true,
 		},
-		{
-			name:           "nil beacon block",
-			postState:      bellatrixState,
-			errString:      "signed beacon block can't be nil",
-			isValidPayload: false,
-		},
 		{
 			name:           "new payload with optimistic block",
 			postState:      bellatrixState,
@@ -576,15 +549,8 @@ func Test_NotifyNewPayload(t *testing.T) {
 			name:      "altair pre state, happy case",
 			postState: bellatrixState,
 			blk: func() interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock {
-				blk := &ethpb.SignedBeaconBlockBellatrix{
-					Block: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBellatrix{
-						Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBodyBellatrix{
-							ExecutionPayload: &v1.ExecutionPayload{
-								ParentHash: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'a'}, fieldparams.RootLength),
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				}
+				blk := util.NewBeaconBlockBellatrix()
+				blk.Block.Body.ExecutionPayload.ParentHash = bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'a'}, fieldparams.RootLength)
 				b, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				return b
@@ -595,24 +561,7 @@ func Test_NotifyNewPayload(t *testing.T) {
 			name:      "not at merge transition",
 			postState: bellatrixState,
 			blk: func() interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock {
-				blk := &ethpb.SignedBeaconBlockBellatrix{
-					Block: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBellatrix{
-						Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBodyBellatrix{
-							ExecutionPayload: &v1.ExecutionPayload{
-								ParentHash:    make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength),
-								FeeRecipient:  make([]byte, fieldparams.FeeRecipientLength),
-								StateRoot:     make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength),
-								ReceiptsRoot:  make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength),
-								LogsBloom:     make([]byte, fieldparams.LogsBloomLength),
-								PrevRandao:    make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength),
-								ExtraData:     make([]byte, 0),
-								BaseFeePerGas: make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength),
-								BlockHash:     make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength),
-								Transactions:  make([][]byte, 0),
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				}
+				blk := util.NewBeaconBlockBellatrix()
 				b, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				return b
@@ -623,15 +572,8 @@ func Test_NotifyNewPayload(t *testing.T) {
 			name:      "happy case",
 			postState: bellatrixState,
 			blk: func() interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock {
-				blk := &ethpb.SignedBeaconBlockBellatrix{
-					Block: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBellatrix{
-						Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBodyBellatrix{
-							ExecutionPayload: &v1.ExecutionPayload{
-								ParentHash: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'a'}, fieldparams.RootLength),
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				}
+				blk := util.NewBeaconBlockBellatrix()
+				blk.Block.Body.ExecutionPayload.ParentHash = bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'a'}, fieldparams.RootLength)
 				b, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				return b
@@ -642,15 +584,8 @@ func Test_NotifyNewPayload(t *testing.T) {
 			name:      "undefined error from ee",
 			postState: bellatrixState,
 			blk: func() interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock {
-				blk := &ethpb.SignedBeaconBlockBellatrix{
-					Block: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBellatrix{
-						Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBodyBellatrix{
-							ExecutionPayload: &v1.ExecutionPayload{
-								ParentHash: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'a'}, fieldparams.RootLength),
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				}
+				blk := util.NewBeaconBlockBellatrix()
+				blk.Block.Body.ExecutionPayload.ParentHash = bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'a'}, fieldparams.RootLength)
 				b, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				return b
@@ -662,15 +597,8 @@ func Test_NotifyNewPayload(t *testing.T) {
 			name:      "invalid block hash error from ee",
 			postState: bellatrixState,
 			blk: func() interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock {
-				blk := &ethpb.SignedBeaconBlockBellatrix{
-					Block: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBellatrix{
-						Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBodyBellatrix{
-							ExecutionPayload: &v1.ExecutionPayload{
-								ParentHash: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'a'}, fieldparams.RootLength),
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				}
+				blk := util.NewBeaconBlockBellatrix()
+				blk.Block.Body.ExecutionPayload.ParentHash = bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'a'}, fieldparams.RootLength)
 				b, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				return b
@@ -701,7 +629,9 @@ func Test_NotifyNewPayload(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
 			postVersion, postHeader, err := getStateVersionAndPayload(tt.postState)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			isValidPayload, err := service.notifyNewPayload(ctx, postVersion, postHeader, tt.blk)
+			rob, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlock(tt.blk)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			isValidPayload, err := service.notifyNewPayload(ctx, postVersion, postHeader, rob)
 			if tt.errString != "" {
 				require.ErrorContains(t, tt.errString, err)
 				if tt.invalidBlock {
@@ -725,17 +655,12 @@ func Test_NotifyNewPayload_SetOptimisticToValid(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := tr.ctx

 	bellatrixState, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisStateBellatrix(t, 2)
-	blk := &ethpb.SignedBeaconBlockBellatrix{
-		Block: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBellatrix{
-			Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBodyBellatrix{
-				ExecutionPayload: &v1.ExecutionPayload{
-					ParentHash: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'a'}, fieldparams.RootLength),
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
+	blk := util.NewBeaconBlockBellatrix()
+	blk.Block.Body.ExecutionPayload.ParentHash = bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'a'}, fieldparams.RootLength)
 	bellatrixBlk, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	rob, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlock(bellatrixBlk)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	e := &mockExecution.EngineClient{BlockByHashMap: map[[32]byte]*v1.ExecutionBlock{}}
 	e.BlockByHashMap[[32]byte{'a'}] = &v1.ExecutionBlock{
 		Header: gethtypes.Header{
@@ -752,7 +677,7 @@ func Test_NotifyNewPayload_SetOptimisticToValid(t *testing.T) {
 	service.cfg.ExecutionEngineCaller = e
 	postVersion, postHeader, err := getStateVersionAndPayload(bellatrixState)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validated, err := service.notifyNewPayload(ctx, postVersion, postHeader, bellatrixBlk)
+	validated, err := service.notifyNewPayload(ctx, postVersion, postHeader, rob)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, true, validated)
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/kzg/kzg.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/kzg/kzg.go
@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@ const BytesPerBlob = ckzg4844.BytesPerBlob
 type Blob [BytesPerBlob]byte

 // BytesPerCell is the number of bytes in a single cell.
-const BytesPerCell = ckzg4844.BytesPerCell
+const (
+	BytesPerCell  = ckzg4844.BytesPerCell
+	BytesPerProof = ckzg4844.BytesPerProof
+)

 // Cell represents a chunk of an encoded Blob.
 type Cell [BytesPerCell]byte
@@ -23,7 +26,7 @@ type Cell [BytesPerCell]byte
 type Commitment [48]byte

 // Proof represents a KZG proof that attests to the validity of a Blob or parts of it.
-type Proof [48]byte
+type Proof [BytesPerProof]byte

 // Bytes48 is a 48-byte array.
 type Bytes48 = ckzg4844.Bytes48
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/options.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/options.go
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/async/event"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/cache"
 	statefeed "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
-	lightclient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/light-client"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/filesystem"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/execution"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/forkchoice"
+	lightclient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/light-client"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/attestations"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/blstoexec"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/slashings"
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func WithMaxGoroutines(x int) Option {
 // WithLCStore for light client store access.
 func WithLCStore() Option {
 	return func(s *Service) error {
-		s.lcStore = lightclient.NewLightClientStore(s.cfg.BeaconDB, s.cfg.P2P, s.cfg.StateNotifier.StateFeed())
+		s.lcStore = lightclient.NewLightClientStore(s.cfg.P2P, s.cfg.StateNotifier.StateFeed(), s.cfg.BeaconDB)
 		return nil
 	}
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package blockchain
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"slices"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
@@ -247,7 +246,7 @@ func (s *Service) onBlockBatch(ctx context.Context, blks []consensusblocks.ROBlo
 		args := &forkchoicetypes.BlockAndCheckpoints{Block: b,
 			JustifiedCheckpoint: jCheckpoints[i],
 			FinalizedCheckpoint: fCheckpoints[i]}
-		pendingNodes[len(blks)-i-1] = args
+		pendingNodes[i] = args
 		if err := s.saveInitSyncBlock(ctx, root, b); err != nil {
 			tracing.AnnotateError(span, err)
 			return err
@@ -284,14 +283,10 @@ func (s *Service) onBlockBatch(ctx context.Context, blks []consensusblocks.ROBlo
 	if err := s.cfg.StateGen.SaveState(ctx, lastBR, preState); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	// Insert all nodes but the last one to forkchoice
+	// Insert all nodes to forkchoice
 	if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertChain(ctx, pendingNodes); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not insert batch to forkchoice")
 	}
-	// Insert the last block to forkchoice
-	if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, preState, lastB); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not insert last block in batch to forkchoice")
-	}
 	// Set their optimistic status
 	if isValidPayload {
 		if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.SetOptimisticToValid(ctx, lastBR); err != nil {
@@ -664,14 +659,14 @@ func missingDataColumnIndices(store *filesystem.DataColumnStorage, root [fieldpa
 // closed, the context hits cancellation/timeout, or notifications have been received for all the missing sidecars.
 func (s *Service) isDataAvailable(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	root [fieldparams.RootLength]byte,
-	signedBlock interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock,
+	roBlock consensusblocks.ROBlock,
 ) error {
-	block := signedBlock.Block()
+	block := roBlock.Block()
 	if block == nil {
 		return errors.New("invalid nil beacon block")
 	}

+	root := roBlock.Root()
 	blockVersion := block.Version()
 	if blockVersion >= version.Fulu {
 		return s.areDataColumnsAvailable(ctx, root, block)
@@ -691,8 +686,6 @@ func (s *Service) areDataColumnsAvailable(
 	root [fieldparams.RootLength]byte,
 	block interfaces.ReadOnlyBeaconBlock,
 ) error {
-	samplesPerSlot := params.BeaconConfig().SamplesPerSlot
-
 	// We are only required to check within MIN_EPOCHS_FOR_DATA_COLUMN_SIDECARS_REQUESTS
 	blockSlot, currentSlot := block.Slot(), s.CurrentSlot()
 	blockEpoch, currentEpoch := slots.ToEpoch(blockSlot), slots.ToEpoch(currentSlot)
@@ -726,6 +719,7 @@ func (s *Service) areDataColumnsAvailable(

 	// Compute the sampling size.
 	// https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/master/specs/fulu/das-core.md#custody-sampling
+	samplesPerSlot := params.BeaconConfig().SamplesPerSlot
 	samplingSize := max(samplesPerSlot, custodyGroupCount)

 	// Get the peer info for the node.
@@ -751,14 +745,14 @@ func (s *Service) areDataColumnsAvailable(
 	}

 	// Get a map of data column indices that are not currently available.
-	missingMap, err := missingDataColumnIndices(s.dataColumnStorage, root, peerInfo.CustodyColumns)
+	missing, err := missingDataColumnIndices(s.dataColumnStorage, root, peerInfo.CustodyColumns)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "missing data columns")
 	}

 	// If there are no missing indices, all data column sidecars are available.
 	// This is the happy path.
-	if len(missingMap) == 0 {
+	if len(missing) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}

@@ -775,33 +769,17 @@ func (s *Service) areDataColumnsAvailable(
 	// Avoid logging if DA check is called after next slot start.
 	if nextSlot.After(time.Now()) {
 		timer := time.AfterFunc(time.Until(nextSlot), func() {
-			missingMapCount := uint64(len(missingMap))
+			missingCount := uint64(len(missing))

-			if missingMapCount == 0 {
+			if missingCount == 0 {
 				return
 			}

-			var (
-				expected interface{} = "all"
-				missing  interface{} = "all"
-			)
-
-			numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
-			colMapCount := uint64(len(peerInfo.CustodyColumns))
-
-			if colMapCount < numberOfColumns {
-				expected = uint64MapToSortedSlice(peerInfo.CustodyColumns)
-			}
-
-			if missingMapCount < numberOfColumns {
-				missing = uint64MapToSortedSlice(missingMap)
-			}
-
 			log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
 				"slot":            block.Slot(),
 				"root":            fmt.Sprintf("%#x", root),
-				"columnsExpected": expected,
-				"columnsWaiting":  missing,
+				"columnsExpected": helpers.SortedPrettySliceFromMap(peerInfo.CustodyColumns),
+				"columnsWaiting":  helpers.SortedPrettySliceFromMap(missing),
 			}).Warning("Data columns still missing at slot end")
 		})
 		defer timer.Stop()
@@ -817,7 +795,7 @@ func (s *Service) areDataColumnsAvailable(

 			for _, index := range idents.Indices {
 				// This is a data column we are expecting.
-				if _, ok := missingMap[index]; ok {
+				if _, ok := missing[index]; ok {
 					storedDataColumnsCount++
 				}

@@ -828,10 +806,10 @@ func (s *Service) areDataColumnsAvailable(
 				}

 				// Remove the index from the missing map.
-				delete(missingMap, index)
+				delete(missing, index)

 				// Return if there is no more missing data columns.
-				if len(missingMap) == 0 {
+				if len(missing) == 0 {
 					return nil
 				}
 			}
@@ -839,10 +817,10 @@ func (s *Service) areDataColumnsAvailable(
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			var missingIndices interface{} = "all"
 			numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
-			missingIndicesCount := uint64(len(missingMap))
+			missingIndicesCount := uint64(len(missing))

 			if missingIndicesCount < numberOfColumns {
-				missingIndices = uint64MapToSortedSlice(missingMap)
+				missingIndices = helpers.SortedPrettySliceFromMap(missing)
 			}

 			return errors.Wrapf(ctx.Err(), "data column sidecars slot: %d, BlockRoot: %#x, missing: %v", block.Slot(), root, missingIndices)
@@ -926,16 +904,6 @@ func (s *Service) areBlobsAvailable(ctx context.Context, root [fieldparams.RootL
 	}
 }

-// uint64MapToSortedSlice produces a sorted uint64 slice from a map.
-func uint64MapToSortedSlice(input map[uint64]bool) []uint64 {
-	output := make([]uint64, 0, len(input))
-	for idx := range input {
-		output = append(output, idx)
-	}
-	slices.Sort[[]uint64](output)
-	return output
-}
-
 // lateBlockTasks  is called 4 seconds into the slot and performs tasks
 // related to late blocks. It emits a MissedSlot state feed event.
 // It calls FCU and sets the right attributes if we are proposing next slot
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block_helpers.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block_helpers.go
@@ -3,14 +3,12 @@ package blockchain
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"strings"
+	"slices"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	lightclient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/light-client"
-
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/feed"
 	statefeed "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/transition"
 	doublylinkedtree "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
 	forkchoicetypes "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
@@ -133,35 +131,26 @@ func (s *Service) sendStateFeedOnBlock(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) {
 	})
 }

+// processLightClientUpdates saves the light client data in lcStore, when feature flag is enabled.
 func (s *Service) processLightClientUpdates(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) {
-	if err := s.processLightClientUpdate(cfg); err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("Failed to process light client update")
-	}
-	if err := s.processLightClientOptimisticUpdate(cfg.ctx, cfg.roblock, cfg.postState); err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("Failed to process light client optimistic update")
-	}
-	if err := s.processLightClientFinalityUpdate(cfg.ctx, cfg.roblock, cfg.postState); err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("Failed to process light client finality update")
-	}
-}
-
-// processLightClientUpdate saves the light client update for this block
-// if it's better than the already saved one, when feature flag is enabled.
-func (s *Service) processLightClientUpdate(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) error {
 	attestedRoot := cfg.roblock.Block().ParentRoot()
 	attestedBlock, err := s.getBlock(cfg.ctx, attestedRoot)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get attested block for root %#x", attestedRoot)
+		log.WithError(err).Error("processLightClientUpdates: Could not get attested block")
+		return
 	}
 	if attestedBlock == nil || attestedBlock.IsNil() {
-		return errors.New("attested block is nil")
+		log.Error("processLightClientUpdates: Could not get attested block")
+		return
 	}
 	attestedState, err := s.cfg.StateGen.StateByRoot(cfg.ctx, attestedRoot)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get attested state for root %#x", attestedRoot)
+		log.WithError(err).Error("processLightClientUpdates: Could not get attested state")
+		return
 	}
 	if attestedState == nil || attestedState.IsNil() {
-		return errors.New("attested state is nil")
+		log.Error("processLightClientUpdates: Could not get attested state")
+		return
 	}

 	finalizedRoot := attestedState.FinalizedCheckpoint().Root
@@ -169,98 +158,17 @@ func (s *Service) processLightClientUpdate(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, errBlockNotFoundInCacheOrDB) {
 			log.Debugf("Skipping saving light client update because finalized block is nil for root %#x", finalizedRoot)
-			return nil
+			return
 		}
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get finalized block for root %#x", finalizedRoot)
+		log.WithError(err).Error("processLightClientUpdates: Could not get finalized block")
+		return
 	}

-	update, err := lightclient.NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(cfg.ctx, cfg.postState, cfg.roblock, attestedState, attestedBlock, finalizedBlock)
+	err = s.lcStore.SaveLCData(cfg.ctx, cfg.postState, cfg.roblock, attestedState, attestedBlock, finalizedBlock, s.headRoot())
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not create light client update")
+		log.WithError(err).Error("processLightClientUpdates: Could not save light client data")
 	}
-
-	period := slots.SyncCommitteePeriod(slots.ToEpoch(attestedState.Slot()))
-
-	return s.lcStore.SaveLightClientUpdate(cfg.ctx, period, update)
-}
-
-func (s *Service) processLightClientFinalityUpdate(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	signed interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock,
-	postState state.BeaconState,
-) error {
-	attestedRoot := signed.Block().ParentRoot()
-	attestedBlock, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.Block(ctx, attestedRoot)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get attested block for root %#x", attestedRoot)
-	}
-	attestedState, err := s.cfg.StateGen.StateByRoot(ctx, attestedRoot)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get attested state for root %#x", attestedRoot)
-	}
-
-	finalizedCheckpoint := attestedState.FinalizedCheckpoint()
-
-	if finalizedCheckpoint == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	finalizedRoot := bytesutil.ToBytes32(finalizedCheckpoint.Root)
-	finalizedBlock, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.Block(ctx, finalizedRoot)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, errBlockNotFoundInCacheOrDB) {
-			log.Debugf("Skipping processing light client finality update: Finalized block is nil for root %#x", finalizedRoot)
-			return nil
-		}
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get finalized block for root %#x", finalizedRoot)
-	}
-
-	newUpdate, err := lightclient.NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(ctx, postState, signed, attestedState, attestedBlock, finalizedBlock)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not create light client finality update")
-	}
-
-	if !lightclient.IsBetterFinalityUpdate(newUpdate, s.lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate()) {
-		log.Debug("Skip saving light client finality update: current update is better")
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	s.lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(newUpdate, true)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *Service) processLightClientOptimisticUpdate(ctx context.Context, signed interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock,
-	postState state.BeaconState) error {
-	attestedRoot := signed.Block().ParentRoot()
-	attestedBlock, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.Block(ctx, attestedRoot)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get attested block for root %#x", attestedRoot)
-	}
-	attestedState, err := s.cfg.StateGen.StateByRoot(ctx, attestedRoot)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get attested state for root %#x", attestedRoot)
-	}
-
-	newUpdate, err := lightclient.NewLightClientOptimisticUpdateFromBeaconState(ctx, postState, signed, attestedState, attestedBlock)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), lightclient.ErrNotEnoughSyncCommitteeBits) {
-			log.WithError(err).Debug("Skipping processing light client optimistic update")
-			return nil
-		}
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not create light client optimistic update")
-	}
-
-	if !lightclient.IsBetterOptimisticUpdate(newUpdate, s.lcStore.LastOptimisticUpdate()) {
-		log.Debug("Skip saving light client optimistic update: current update is better")
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	s.lcStore.SetLastOptimisticUpdate(newUpdate, true)
-
-	return nil
+	log.Debug("Processed light client updates")
 }

 // updateCachesPostBlockProcessing updates the next slot cache and handles the epoch
@@ -469,15 +377,8 @@ func (s *Service) fillInForkChoiceMissingBlocks(ctx context.Context, signed inte
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	// The first block can have a bogus root since the block is not inserted in forkchoice
-	roblock, err := consensus_blocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(signed, [32]byte{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	pendingNodes = append(pendingNodes, &forkchoicetypes.BlockAndCheckpoints{Block: roblock,
-		JustifiedCheckpoint: jCheckpoint, FinalizedCheckpoint: fCheckpoint})
+	root := signed.Block().ParentRoot()
 	// As long as parent node is not in fork choice store, and parent node is in DB.
-	root := roblock.Block().ParentRoot()
 	for !s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.HasNode(root) && s.cfg.BeaconDB.HasBlock(ctx, root) {
 		b, err := s.getBlock(ctx, root)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -496,12 +397,13 @@ func (s *Service) fillInForkChoiceMissingBlocks(ctx context.Context, signed inte
 			FinalizedCheckpoint: fCheckpoint}
 		pendingNodes = append(pendingNodes, args)
 	}
-	if len(pendingNodes) == 1 {
+	if len(pendingNodes) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
 	if root != s.ensureRootNotZeros(finalized.Root) && !s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.HasNode(root) {
 		return ErrNotDescendantOfFinalized
 	}
+	slices.Reverse(pendingNodes)
 	return s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertChain(ctx, pendingNodes)
 }

--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block_test.go
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/cache"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	lightClient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/light-client"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/peerdas"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/signing"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/transition"
@@ -24,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	mockExecution "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/execution/testing"
 	doublylinkedtree "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
 	forkchoicetypes "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
+	lightClient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/light-client"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/attestations/kv"
 	mockp2p "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/p2p/testing"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/state"
@@ -2795,6 +2795,11 @@ func TestProcessLightClientUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	s, tr := minimalTestService(t, WithLCStore())
 	ctx := tr.ctx

+	headState, err := util.NewBeaconState()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(ctx, headState, [32]byte{1, 2}))
+	require.NoError(t, s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveHeadBlockRoot(ctx, [32]byte{1, 2}))
+
 	for testVersion := version.Altair; testVersion <= version.Electra; testVersion++ {
 		t.Run(version.String(testVersion), func(t *testing.T) {
 			l := util.NewTestLightClient(t, testVersion)
@@ -2817,6 +2822,8 @@ func TestProcessLightClientUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			err = s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(ctx, l.State, currentBlockRoot)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
+			err = s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveHeadBlockRoot(ctx, currentBlockRoot)
+			require.NoError(t, err)

 			err = s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, l.FinalizedBlock)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -2831,10 +2838,9 @@ func TestProcessLightClientUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 			period := slots.SyncCommitteePeriod(slots.ToEpoch(l.AttestedState.Slot()))

 			t.Run("no old update", func(t *testing.T) {
-				require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientUpdate(cfg))
-
+				s.processLightClientUpdates(cfg)
 				// Check that the light client update is saved
-				u, err := s.lcStore.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period)
+				u, err := s.lcStore.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period, l.Block)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				require.NotNil(t, u)
 				attestedStateRoot, err := l.AttestedState.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
@@ -2848,12 +2854,12 @@ func TestProcessLightClientUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 				oldUpdate, err := lightClient.CreateDefaultLightClientUpdate(l.AttestedBlock)
 				require.NoError(t, err)

-				err = s.lcStore.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, period, oldUpdate)
+				err = s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, period, oldUpdate)
 				require.NoError(t, err)

-				require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientUpdate(cfg))
+				s.processLightClientUpdates(cfg)

-				u, err := s.lcStore.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period)
+				u, err := s.lcStore.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period, l.Block)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				require.NotNil(t, u)
 				attestedStateRoot, err := l.AttestedState.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
@@ -2877,12 +2883,12 @@ func TestProcessLightClientUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 					SyncCommitteeSignature: make([]byte, 96),
 				})

-				err = s.lcStore.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, period, oldUpdate)
+				err = s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, period, oldUpdate)
 				require.NoError(t, err)

-				require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientUpdate(cfg))
+				s.processLightClientUpdates(cfg)

-				u, err := s.lcStore.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period)
+				u, err := s.lcStore.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period, l.Block)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				require.NotNil(t, u)
 				require.DeepEqual(t, oldUpdate, u)
@@ -2952,14 +2958,18 @@ func TestIsDataAvailable(t *testing.T) {
 		params := testIsAvailableParams{options: []Option{WithGenesisTime(time.Unix(0, 0))}}
 		ctx, _, service, root, signed := testIsAvailableSetup(t, params)

-		err := service.isDataAvailable(ctx, root, signed)
+		roBlock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(signed, root)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		err = service.isDataAvailable(ctx, roBlock)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	})

 	t.Run("Fulu - no commitment in blocks", func(t *testing.T) {
 		ctx, _, service, root, signed := testIsAvailableSetup(t, testIsAvailableParams{})

-		err := service.isDataAvailable(ctx, root, signed)
+		roBlock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(signed, root)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		err = service.isDataAvailable(ctx, roBlock)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	})

@@ -2977,7 +2987,9 @@ func TestIsDataAvailable(t *testing.T) {

 		ctx, _, service, root, signed := testIsAvailableSetup(t, params)

-		err := service.isDataAvailable(ctx, root, signed)
+		roBlock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(signed, root)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		err = service.isDataAvailable(ctx, roBlock)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	})

@@ -2989,7 +3001,9 @@ func TestIsDataAvailable(t *testing.T) {

 		ctx, _, service, root, signed := testIsAvailableSetup(t, params)

-		err := service.isDataAvailable(ctx, root, signed)
+		roBlock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(signed, root)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		err = service.isDataAvailable(ctx, roBlock)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	})

@@ -3037,7 +3051,9 @@ func TestIsDataAvailable(t *testing.T) {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*2)
 		defer cancel()

-		err = service.isDataAvailable(ctx, root, signed)
+		roBlock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(signed, root)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		err = service.isDataAvailable(ctx, roBlock)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	})

@@ -3099,7 +3115,9 @@ func TestIsDataAvailable(t *testing.T) {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*2)
 		defer cancel()

-		err = service.isDataAvailable(ctx, root, signed)
+		roBlock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(signed, root)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		err = service.isDataAvailable(ctx, roBlock)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	})

@@ -3118,7 +3136,9 @@ func TestIsDataAvailable(t *testing.T) {
 			cancel()
 		}()

-		err := service.isDataAvailable(ctx, root, signed)
+		roBlock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(signed, root)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		err = service.isDataAvailable(ctx, roBlock)
 		require.NotNil(t, err)
 	})
 }
@@ -3190,6 +3210,11 @@ func TestProcessLightClientOptimisticUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	s.cfg.P2P = &mockp2p.FakeP2P{}
 	ctx := tr.ctx

+	headState, err := util.NewBeaconState()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(ctx, headState, [32]byte{1, 2}))
+	require.NoError(t, s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveHeadBlockRoot(ctx, [32]byte{1, 2}))
+
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name          string
 		oldOptions    []util.LightClientOption
@@ -3205,7 +3230,7 @@ func TestProcessLightClientOptimisticUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name:          "Same age",
 			oldOptions:    []util.LightClientOption{},
-			newOptions:    []util.LightClientOption{util.WithSupermajority()}, // supermajority does not matter here and is only added to result in two different updates
+			newOptions:    []util.LightClientOption{util.WithSupermajority(0)}, // supermajority does not matter here and is only added to result in two different updates
 			expectReplace: false,
 		},
 		{
@@ -3249,14 +3274,14 @@ func TestProcessLightClientOptimisticUpdate(t *testing.T) {

 			t.Run(version.String(testVersion)+"_"+tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 				s.genesisTime = time.Unix(time.Now().Unix()-(int64(forkEpoch)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)), 0)
-				s.lcStore = lightClient.NewLightClientStore(s.cfg.BeaconDB, s.cfg.P2P, s.cfg.StateNotifier.StateFeed())
+				s.lcStore = lightClient.NewLightClientStore(s.cfg.P2P, s.cfg.StateNotifier.StateFeed(), s.cfg.BeaconDB)

 				var oldActualUpdate interfaces.LightClientOptimisticUpdate
 				var err error
 				if tc.oldOptions != nil {
 					// config for old update
 					lOld, cfgOld := setupLightClientTestRequirements(ctx, t, s, testVersion, tc.oldOptions...)
-					require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientOptimisticUpdate(cfgOld.ctx, cfgOld.roblock, cfgOld.postState))
+					s.processLightClientUpdates(cfgOld)

 					oldActualUpdate, err = lightClient.NewLightClientOptimisticUpdateFromBeaconState(lOld.Ctx, lOld.State, lOld.Block, lOld.AttestedState, lOld.AttestedBlock)
 					require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -3270,7 +3295,7 @@ func TestProcessLightClientOptimisticUpdate(t *testing.T) {

 				// config for new update
 				lNew, cfgNew := setupLightClientTestRequirements(ctx, t, s, testVersion, tc.newOptions...)
-				require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientOptimisticUpdate(cfgNew.ctx, cfgNew.roblock, cfgNew.postState))
+				s.processLightClientUpdates(cfgNew)

 				newActualUpdate, err := lightClient.NewLightClientOptimisticUpdateFromBeaconState(lNew.Ctx, lNew.State, lNew.Block, lNew.AttestedState, lNew.AttestedBlock)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -3311,6 +3336,7 @@ func TestProcessLightClientFinalityUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	s, tr := minimalTestService(t)
 	s.cfg.P2P = &mockp2p.FakeP2P{}
 	ctx := tr.ctx
+	s.head = &head{}

 	testCases := []struct {
 		name          string
@@ -3389,15 +3415,18 @@ func TestProcessLightClientFinalityUpdate(t *testing.T) {

 			t.Run(version.String(testVersion)+"_"+tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 				s.genesisTime = time.Unix(time.Now().Unix()-(int64(forkEpoch)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)), 0)
-				s.lcStore = lightClient.NewLightClientStore(s.cfg.BeaconDB, s.cfg.P2P, s.cfg.StateNotifier.StateFeed())
+				s.lcStore = lightClient.NewLightClientStore(s.cfg.P2P, s.cfg.StateNotifier.StateFeed(), s.cfg.BeaconDB)

 				var actualOldUpdate, actualNewUpdate interfaces.LightClientFinalityUpdate
-				var err error

 				if tc.oldOptions != nil {
 					// config for old update
 					lOld, cfgOld := setupLightClientTestRequirements(ctx, t, s, testVersion, tc.oldOptions...)
-					require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientFinalityUpdate(cfgOld.ctx, cfgOld.roblock, cfgOld.postState))
+					blkRoot, err := lOld.Block.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+					require.NoError(t, err)
+					s.head.block = lOld.Block
+					s.head.root = blkRoot
+					s.processLightClientUpdates(cfgOld)

 					// check that the old update is saved
 					actualOldUpdate, err = lightClient.NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(ctx, cfgOld.postState, cfgOld.roblock, lOld.AttestedState, lOld.AttestedBlock, lOld.FinalizedBlock)
@@ -3408,7 +3437,11 @@ func TestProcessLightClientFinalityUpdate(t *testing.T) {

 				// config for new update
 				lNew, cfgNew := setupLightClientTestRequirements(ctx, t, s, testVersion, tc.newOptions...)
-				require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientFinalityUpdate(cfgNew.ctx, cfgNew.roblock, cfgNew.postState))
+				blkRoot, err := lNew.Block.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				s.head.block = lNew.Block
+				s.head.root = blkRoot
+				s.processLightClientUpdates(cfgNew)

 				// check that the actual old update and the actual new update are different
 				actualNewUpdate, err = lightClient.NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(ctx, cfgNew.postState, cfgNew.roblock, lNew.AttestedState, lNew.AttestedBlock, lNew.FinalizedBlock)
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_block.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_block.go
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/slasher/types"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/state"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/features"
-	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/interfaces"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
@@ -93,7 +92,7 @@ func (s *Service) ReceiveBlock(ctx context.Context, block interfaces.ReadOnlySig

 	blockCopy, err := block.Copy()
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "block copy")
 	}

 	preState, err := s.getBlockPreState(ctx, blockCopy.Block())
@@ -104,17 +103,17 @@ func (s *Service) ReceiveBlock(ctx context.Context, block interfaces.ReadOnlySig
 	currentCheckpoints := s.saveCurrentCheckpoints(preState)
 	roblock, err := blocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(blockCopy, blockRoot)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "new ro block with root")
 	}

 	postState, isValidPayload, err := s.validateExecutionAndConsensus(ctx, preState, roblock)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "validator execution and consensus")
 	}

-	daWaitedTime, err := s.handleDA(ctx, blockCopy, blockRoot, avs)
+	daWaitedTime, err := s.handleDA(ctx, avs, roblock)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "handle da")
 	}

 	// Defragment the state before continuing block processing.
@@ -135,10 +134,10 @@ func (s *Service) ReceiveBlock(ctx context.Context, block interfaces.ReadOnlySig
 	if err := s.postBlockProcess(args); err != nil {
 		err := errors.Wrap(err, "could not process block")
 		tracing.AnnotateError(span, err)
-		return err
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "post block process")
 	}
 	if err := s.updateCheckpoints(ctx, currentCheckpoints, preState, postState, blockRoot); err != nil {
-		return err
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "update checkpoints")
 	}
 	// If slasher is configured, forward the attestations in the block via an event feed for processing.
 	if s.slasherEnabled {
@@ -152,12 +151,12 @@ func (s *Service) ReceiveBlock(ctx context.Context, block interfaces.ReadOnlySig

 	// Have we been finalizing? Should we start saving hot states to db?
 	if err := s.checkSaveHotStateDB(ctx); err != nil {
-		return err
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "check save hot state db")
 	}

 	// We apply the same heuristic to some of our more important caches.
 	if err := s.handleCaches(); err != nil {
-		return err
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "handle caches")
 	}
 	s.reportPostBlockProcessing(blockCopy, blockRoot, receivedTime, daWaitedTime)
 	return nil
@@ -240,37 +239,19 @@ func (s *Service) validateExecutionAndConsensus(
 	return postState, isValidPayload, nil
 }

-func (s *Service) handleDA(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	block interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock,
-	blockRoot [fieldparams.RootLength]byte,
-	avs das.AvailabilityStore,
-) (elapsed time.Duration, err error) {
-	defer func(start time.Time) {
-		elapsed = time.Since(start)
-
-		if err == nil {
-			dataAvailWaitedTime.Observe(float64(elapsed.Milliseconds()))
-		}
-	}(time.Now())
-
-	if avs == nil {
-		if err = s.isDataAvailable(ctx, blockRoot, block); err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-
-		return
+func (s *Service) handleDA(ctx context.Context, avs das.AvailabilityStore, block blocks.ROBlock) (time.Duration, error) {
+	var err error
+	start := time.Now()
+	if avs != nil {
+		err = avs.IsDataAvailable(ctx, s.CurrentSlot(), block)
+	} else {
+		err = s.isDataAvailable(ctx, block)
 	}
-
-	var rob blocks.ROBlock
-	rob, err = blocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(block, blockRoot)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+	if err == nil {
+		dataAvailWaitedTime.Observe(float64(elapsed.Milliseconds()))
 	}
-
-	err = avs.IsDataAvailable(ctx, s.CurrentSlot(), rob)
-
-	return
+	return elapsed, err
 }

 func (s *Service) reportPostBlockProcessing(
@@ -320,13 +301,28 @@ func (s *Service) executePostFinalizationTasks(ctx context.Context, finalizedSta
 	if features.Get().EnableLightClient {
 		// Save a light client bootstrap for the finalized checkpoint
 		go func() {
-			err := s.lcStore.SaveLightClientBootstrap(s.ctx, finalized.Root)
+			st, err := s.cfg.StateGen.StateByRoot(ctx, finalized.Root)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.WithError(err).Error("Could not retrieve state for finalized root to save light client bootstrap")
+				return
+			}
+			err = s.lcStore.SaveLightClientBootstrap(s.ctx, finalized.Root, st)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.WithError(err).Error("Could not save light client bootstrap by block root")
 			} else {
 				log.Debugf("Saved light client bootstrap for finalized root %#x", finalized.Root)
 			}
 		}()
+
+		// Clean up the light client store caches
+		go func() {
+			err := s.lcStore.MigrateToCold(s.ctx, finalized.Root)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.WithError(err).Error("Could not migrate light client store to cold storage")
+			} else {
+				log.Debugf("Migrated light client store to cold storage for finalized root %#x", finalized.Root)
+			}
+		}()
 	}
 }

--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_block_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_block_test.go
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/cache"
 	statefeed "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	lightClient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/light-client"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/das"
 	forkchoicetypes "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
+	lightClient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/light-client"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/voluntaryexits"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/features"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
@@ -192,7 +192,9 @@ func TestHandleDA(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	s, _ := minimalTestService(t)
-	elapsed, err := s.handleDA(t.Context(), signedBeaconBlock, [fieldparams.RootLength]byte{}, nil)
+	block, err := blocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(signedBeaconBlock, [32]byte{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	elapsed, err := s.handleDA(t.Context(), nil, block)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, true, elapsed > 0, "Elapsed time should be greater than 0")
 }
@@ -594,11 +596,7 @@ func TestProcessLightClientBootstrap(t *testing.T) {

 			require.NoError(t, s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.UpdateFinalizedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{Epoch: cp.Epoch, Root: [32]byte(cp.Root)}))

-			sss, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.State(ctx, finalizedBlockRoot)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			require.NotNil(t, sss)
-
-			s.executePostFinalizationTasks(s.ctx, l.FinalizedState)
+			s.executePostFinalizationTasks(s.ctx, l.AttestedState)

 			// wait for the goroutine to finish processing
 			time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/service.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/service.go
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/cache"
 	statefeed "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	lightClient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/light-client"
 	coreTime "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/time"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/transition"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/filesystem"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/execution"
 	f "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/forkchoice"
+	lightClient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/light-client"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/attestations"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/blstoexec"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/slashings"
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/setup_forkchoice.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/setup_forkchoice.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"

 	forkchoicetypes "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/state"
@@ -78,10 +79,7 @@ func (s *Service) setupForkchoiceTree(st state.BeaconState) error {
 	}
 	s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 	defer s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
-	if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertChain(s.ctx, chain); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not insert forkchoice chain")
-	}
-	return s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(s.ctx, st, chain[0].Block)
+	return s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertChain(s.ctx, chain)
 }

 func (s *Service) buildForkchoiceChain(ctx context.Context, head interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock) ([]*forkchoicetypes.BlockAndCheckpoints, error) {
@@ -115,6 +113,7 @@ func (s *Service) buildForkchoiceChain(ctx context.Context, head interfaces.Read
 			return nil, errors.New("head block is not a descendant of the finalized checkpoint")
 		}
 	}
+	slices.Reverse(chain)
 	return chain, nil
 }

--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/setup_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/setup_test.go
@@ -11,21 +11,21 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/cache"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/cache/depositsnapshot"
 	statefeed "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
-	lightclient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/light-client"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/filesystem"
 	testDB "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/testing"
 	mockExecution "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/execution/testing"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/forkchoice"
 	doublylinkedtree "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
+	lightclient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/light-client"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/attestations"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/blstoexec"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/p2p"
 	p2pTesting "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/p2p/testing"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/startup"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
-	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/interfaces"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func (mb *mockBroadcaster) BroadcastLightClientFinalityUpdate(_ context.Context,
 	return nil
 }

-func (mb *mockBroadcaster) BroadcastDataColumnSidecar(_ [fieldparams.RootLength]byte, _ uint64, _ *ethpb.DataColumnSidecar) error {
+func (mb *mockBroadcaster) BroadcastDataColumnSidecar(_ uint64, _ blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) error {
 	mb.broadcastCalled = true
 	return nil
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/testing/mock.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/testing/mock.go
@@ -723,7 +723,8 @@ func (c *ChainService) ReceiveDataColumn(dc blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) error {
 }

 // ReceiveDataColumns implements the same method in chain service
-func (*ChainService) ReceiveDataColumns(_ []blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) error {
+func (c *ChainService) ReceiveDataColumns(dcs []blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) error {
+	c.DataColumns = append(c.DataColumns, dcs...)
 	return nil
 }

--- a/beacon-chain/core/blocks/genesis.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/blocks/genesis.go
@@ -184,45 +184,54 @@ func NewGenesisBlockForState(ctx context.Context, st state.BeaconState) (interfa
 		})
 	case *ethpb.BeaconStateElectra:
 		return blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(&ethpb.SignedBeaconBlockElectra{
-			Block: &ethpb.BeaconBlockElectra{
-				ParentRoot: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:],
-				StateRoot:  root[:],
-				Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBodyElectra{
-					RandaoReveal: make([]byte, 96),
-					Eth1Data: &ethpb.Eth1Data{
-						DepositRoot: make([]byte, 32),
-						BlockHash:   make([]byte, 32),
-					},
-					Graffiti: make([]byte, 32),
-					SyncAggregate: &ethpb.SyncAggregate{
-						SyncCommitteeBits:      make([]byte, fieldparams.SyncCommitteeLength/8),
-						SyncCommitteeSignature: make([]byte, fieldparams.BLSSignatureLength),
-					},
-					ExecutionPayload: &enginev1.ExecutionPayloadDeneb{
-						ParentHash:    make([]byte, 32),
-						FeeRecipient:  make([]byte, 20),
-						StateRoot:     make([]byte, 32),
-						ReceiptsRoot:  make([]byte, 32),
-						LogsBloom:     make([]byte, 256),
-						PrevRandao:    make([]byte, 32),
-						ExtraData:     make([]byte, 0),
-						BaseFeePerGas: make([]byte, 32),
-						BlockHash:     make([]byte, 32),
-						Transactions:  make([][]byte, 0),
-						Withdrawals:   make([]*enginev1.Withdrawal, 0),
-					},
-					BlsToExecutionChanges: make([]*ethpb.SignedBLSToExecutionChange, 0),
-					BlobKzgCommitments:    make([][]byte, 0),
-					ExecutionRequests: &enginev1.ExecutionRequests{
-						Withdrawals:    make([]*enginev1.WithdrawalRequest, 0),
-						Deposits:       make([]*enginev1.DepositRequest, 0),
-						Consolidations: make([]*enginev1.ConsolidationRequest, 0),
-					},
-				},
-			},
+			Block:     electraGenesisBlock(root),
+			Signature: params.BeaconConfig().EmptySignature[:],
+		})
+	case *ethpb.BeaconStateFulu:
+		return blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(&ethpb.SignedBeaconBlockFulu{
+			Block:     electraGenesisBlock(root),
 			Signature: params.BeaconConfig().EmptySignature[:],
 		})
 	default:
 		return nil, ErrUnrecognizedState
 	}
 }
+
+func electraGenesisBlock(root [fieldparams.RootLength]byte) *ethpb.BeaconBlockElectra {
+	return &ethpb.BeaconBlockElectra{
+		ParentRoot: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:],
+		StateRoot:  root[:],
+		Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBodyElectra{
+			RandaoReveal: make([]byte, 96),
+			Eth1Data: &ethpb.Eth1Data{
+				DepositRoot: make([]byte, 32),
+				BlockHash:   make([]byte, 32),
+			},
+			Graffiti: make([]byte, 32),
+			SyncAggregate: &ethpb.SyncAggregate{
+				SyncCommitteeBits:      make([]byte, fieldparams.SyncCommitteeLength/8),
+				SyncCommitteeSignature: make([]byte, fieldparams.BLSSignatureLength),
+			},
+			ExecutionPayload: &enginev1.ExecutionPayloadDeneb{
+				ParentHash:    make([]byte, 32),
+				FeeRecipient:  make([]byte, 20),
+				StateRoot:     make([]byte, 32),
+				ReceiptsRoot:  make([]byte, 32),
+				LogsBloom:     make([]byte, 256),
+				PrevRandao:    make([]byte, 32),
+				ExtraData:     make([]byte, 0),
+				BaseFeePerGas: make([]byte, 32),
+				BlockHash:     make([]byte, 32),
+				Transactions:  make([][]byte, 0),
+				Withdrawals:   make([]*enginev1.Withdrawal, 0),
+			},
+			BlsToExecutionChanges: make([]*ethpb.SignedBLSToExecutionChange, 0),
+			BlobKzgCommitments:    make([][]byte, 0),
+			ExecutionRequests: &enginev1.ExecutionRequests{
+				Withdrawals:    make([]*enginev1.WithdrawalRequest, 0),
+				Deposits:       make([]*enginev1.DepositRequest, 0),
+				Consolidations: make([]*enginev1.ConsolidationRequest, 0),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/core/helpers/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/helpers/BUILD.bazel
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ go_library(
        "legacy.go",
        "metrics.go",
        "randao.go",
+        "ranges.go",
        "rewards_penalties.go",
        "shuffle.go",
        "sync_committee.go",
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ go_test(
        "private_access_fuzz_noop_test.go",  # keep
        "private_access_test.go",
        "randao_test.go",
+        "ranges_test.go",
        "rewards_penalties_test.go",
        "shuffle_test.go",
        "sync_committee_test.go",
--- a/beacon-chain/core/helpers/ranges.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/helpers/ranges.go
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package helpers
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+)
+
+// SortedSliceFromMap takes a map with uint64 keys and returns a sorted slice of the keys.
+func SortedSliceFromMap(toSort map[uint64]bool) []uint64 {
+	slice := make([]uint64, 0, len(toSort))
+	for key := range toSort {
+		slice = append(slice, key)
+	}
+
+	slices.Sort(slice)
+	return slice
+}
+
+// PrettySlice returns a pretty string representation of a sorted slice of uint64.
+// `sortedSlice` must be sorted in ascending order.
+// Example: [1,2,3,5,6,7,8,10] -> "1-3,5-8,10"
+func PrettySlice(sortedSlice []uint64) string {
+	if len(sortedSlice) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	var result string
+	start := sortedSlice[0]
+	end := sortedSlice[0]
+
+	for i := 1; i < len(sortedSlice); i++ {
+		if sortedSlice[i] == end+1 {
+			end = sortedSlice[i]
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if start == end {
+			result += fmt.Sprintf("%d,", start)
+			start = sortedSlice[i]
+			end = sortedSlice[i]
+			continue
+		}
+
+		result += fmt.Sprintf("%d-%d,", start, end)
+		start = sortedSlice[i]
+		end = sortedSlice[i]
+	}
+
+	if start == end {
+		result += fmt.Sprintf("%d", start)
+		return result
+	}
+
+	result += fmt.Sprintf("%d-%d", start, end)
+	return result
+}
+
+// SortedPrettySliceFromMap combines SortedSliceFromMap and PrettySlice to return a pretty string representation of the keys in a map.
+func SortedPrettySliceFromMap(toSort map[uint64]bool) string {
+	sorted := SortedSliceFromMap(toSort)
+	return PrettySlice(sorted)
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/core/helpers/ranges_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/helpers/ranges_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package helpers_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/require"
+)
+
+func TestSortedSliceFromMap(t *testing.T) {
+	input := map[uint64]bool{5: true, 3: true, 8: true, 1: true}
+	expected := []uint64{1, 3, 5, 8}
+
+	actual := helpers.SortedSliceFromMap(input)
+	require.Equal(t, len(expected), len(actual))
+
+	for i := range expected {
+		require.Equal(t, expected[i], actual[i])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPrettySlice(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    []uint64
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "empty slice",
+			input:    []uint64{},
+			expected: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "only distinct elements",
+			input:    []uint64{1, 3, 5, 7, 9},
+			expected: "1,3,5,7,9",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "single range",
+			input:    []uint64{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
+			expected: "1-5",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "multiple ranges and distinct elements",
+			input:    []uint64{1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14},
+			expected: "1-3,5-8,10,12-14",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			actual := helpers.PrettySlice(tt.input)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.expected, actual)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSortedPrettySliceFromMap(t *testing.T) {
+	input := map[uint64]bool{5: true, 7: true, 8: true, 10: true}
+	expected := "5,7-8,10"
+
+	actual := helpers.SortedPrettySliceFromMap(input)
+	require.Equal(t, expected, actual)
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/core/light-client/store.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/light-client/store.go
@@ -1,202 +0,0 @@
-package light_client
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/async/event"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/feed"
-	statefeed "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/iface"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/p2p"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/interfaces"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-)
-
-var ErrLightClientBootstrapNotFound = errors.New("light client bootstrap not found")
-
-type Store struct {
-	mu sync.RWMutex
-
-	beaconDB             iface.HeadAccessDatabase
-	lastFinalityUpdate   interfaces.LightClientFinalityUpdate   // tracks the best finality update seen so far
-	lastOptimisticUpdate interfaces.LightClientOptimisticUpdate // tracks the best optimistic update seen so far
-	p2p                  p2p.Accessor
-	stateFeed            event.SubscriberSender
-}
-
-func NewLightClientStore(db iface.HeadAccessDatabase, p p2p.Accessor, e event.SubscriberSender) *Store {
-	return &Store{
-		beaconDB:  db,
-		p2p:       p,
-		stateFeed: e,
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *Store) LightClientBootstrap(ctx context.Context, blockRoot [32]byte) (interfaces.LightClientBootstrap, error) {
-	s.mu.RLock()
-	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	// Fetch the light client bootstrap from the database
-	bootstrap, err := s.beaconDB.LightClientBootstrap(ctx, blockRoot[:])
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if bootstrap == nil { // not found
-		return nil, ErrLightClientBootstrapNotFound
-	}
-
-	return bootstrap, nil
-}
-
-func (s *Store) SaveLightClientBootstrap(ctx context.Context, blockRoot [32]byte) error {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-
-	blk, err := s.beaconDB.Block(ctx, blockRoot)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to fetch block for root %x", blockRoot)
-	}
-	if blk == nil {
-		return errors.Errorf("failed to fetch block for root %x", blockRoot)
-	}
-
-	state, err := s.beaconDB.State(ctx, blockRoot)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to fetch state for block root %x", blockRoot)
-	}
-	if state == nil {
-		return errors.Errorf("failed to fetch state for block root %x", blockRoot)
-	}
-
-	bootstrap, err := NewLightClientBootstrapFromBeaconState(ctx, state.Slot(), state, blk)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to create light client bootstrap for block root %x", blockRoot)
-	}
-
-	// Save the light client bootstrap to the database
-	if err := s.beaconDB.SaveLightClientBootstrap(ctx, blockRoot[:], bootstrap); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *Store) LightClientUpdates(ctx context.Context, startPeriod, endPeriod uint64) ([]interfaces.LightClientUpdate, error) {
-	s.mu.RLock()
-	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	// Fetch the light client updatesMap from the database
-	updatesMap, err := s.beaconDB.LightClientUpdates(ctx, startPeriod, endPeriod)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var updates []interfaces.LightClientUpdate
-	for i := startPeriod; i <= endPeriod; i++ {
-		update, ok := updatesMap[i]
-		if !ok {
-			// Only return the first contiguous range of updates
-			break
-		}
-		updates = append(updates, update)
-	}
-
-	return updates, nil
-}
-
-func (s *Store) LightClientUpdate(ctx context.Context, period uint64) (interfaces.LightClientUpdate, error) {
-	s.mu.RLock()
-	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	// Fetch the light client update for the given period from the database
-	update, err := s.beaconDB.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return update, nil
-}
-
-func (s *Store) SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx context.Context, period uint64, update interfaces.LightClientUpdate) error {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-
-	oldUpdate, err := s.beaconDB.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get current light client update")
-	}
-
-	if oldUpdate == nil {
-		if err := s.beaconDB.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, period, update); err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not save light client update")
-		}
-		log.WithField("period", period).Debug("Saved new light client update")
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	isNewUpdateBetter, err := IsBetterUpdate(update, oldUpdate)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not compare light client updates")
-	}
-
-	if isNewUpdateBetter {
-		if err := s.beaconDB.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, period, update); err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not save light client update")
-		}
-		log.WithField("period", period).Debug("Saved new light client update")
-		return nil
-	}
-	log.WithField("period", period).Debug("New light client update is not better than the current one, skipping save")
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *Store) SetLastFinalityUpdate(update interfaces.LightClientFinalityUpdate, broadcast bool) {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if broadcast && IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast(update, s.lastFinalityUpdate) {
-		if err := s.p2p.BroadcastLightClientFinalityUpdate(context.Background(), update); err != nil {
-			log.WithError(err).Error("Could not broadcast light client finality update")
-		}
-	}
-
-	s.lastFinalityUpdate = update
-	log.Debug("Saved new light client finality update")
-
-	s.stateFeed.Send(&feed.Event{
-		Type: statefeed.LightClientFinalityUpdate,
-		Data: update,
-	})
-}
-
-func (s *Store) LastFinalityUpdate() interfaces.LightClientFinalityUpdate {
-	s.mu.RLock()
-	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
-	return s.lastFinalityUpdate
-}
-
-func (s *Store) SetLastOptimisticUpdate(update interfaces.LightClientOptimisticUpdate, broadcast bool) {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if broadcast {
-		if err := s.p2p.BroadcastLightClientOptimisticUpdate(context.Background(), update); err != nil {
-			log.WithError(err).Error("Could not broadcast light client optimistic update")
-		}
-	}
-
-	s.lastOptimisticUpdate = update
-	log.Debug("Saved new light client optimistic update")
-
-	s.stateFeed.Send(&feed.Event{
-		Type: statefeed.LightClientOptimisticUpdate,
-		Data: update,
-	})
-}
-
-func (s *Store) LastOptimisticUpdate() interfaces.LightClientOptimisticUpdate {
-	s.mu.RLock()
-	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
-	return s.lastOptimisticUpdate
-}
--- a/beacon-chain/core/light-client/store_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/light-client/store_test.go
@@ -1,165 +0,0 @@
-package light_client_test
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/async/event"
-	lightClient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/light-client"
-	testDB "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/testing"
-	p2pTesting "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/p2p/testing"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/runtime/version"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/require"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/util"
-)
-
-func TestLightClientStore(t *testing.T) {
-	params.SetupTestConfigCleanup(t)
-	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
-	cfg.AltairForkEpoch = 1
-	cfg.BellatrixForkEpoch = 2
-	cfg.CapellaForkEpoch = 3
-	cfg.DenebForkEpoch = 4
-	cfg.ElectraForkEpoch = 5
-	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(cfg)
-
-	// Initialize the light client store
-	lcStore := lightClient.NewLightClientStore(testDB.SetupDB(t), &p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed))
-
-	// Create test light client updates for Capella and Deneb
-	lCapella := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Capella)
-	opUpdateCapella, err := lightClient.NewLightClientOptimisticUpdateFromBeaconState(lCapella.Ctx, lCapella.State, lCapella.Block, lCapella.AttestedState, lCapella.AttestedBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, opUpdateCapella, "OptimisticUpdateCapella is nil")
-	finUpdateCapella, err := lightClient.NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(lCapella.Ctx, lCapella.State, lCapella.Block, lCapella.AttestedState, lCapella.AttestedBlock, lCapella.FinalizedBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, finUpdateCapella, "FinalityUpdateCapella is nil")
-
-	lDeneb := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Deneb)
-	opUpdateDeneb, err := lightClient.NewLightClientOptimisticUpdateFromBeaconState(lDeneb.Ctx, lDeneb.State, lDeneb.Block, lDeneb.AttestedState, lDeneb.AttestedBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, opUpdateDeneb, "OptimisticUpdateDeneb is nil")
-	finUpdateDeneb, err := lightClient.NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(lDeneb.Ctx, lDeneb.State, lDeneb.Block, lDeneb.AttestedState, lDeneb.AttestedBlock, lDeneb.FinalizedBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, finUpdateDeneb, "FinalityUpdateDeneb is nil")
-
-	// Initially the store should have nil values for both updates
-	require.IsNil(t, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate should be nil")
-	require.IsNil(t, lcStore.LastOptimisticUpdate(), "lastOptimisticUpdate should be nil")
-
-	// Set and get finality with Capella update. Optimistic update should be nil
-	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(finUpdateCapella, false)
-	require.Equal(t, finUpdateCapella, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate is wrong")
-	require.IsNil(t, lcStore.LastOptimisticUpdate(), "lastOptimisticUpdate should be nil")
-
-	// Set and get optimistic with Capella update. Finality update should be Capella
-	lcStore.SetLastOptimisticUpdate(opUpdateCapella, false)
-	require.Equal(t, opUpdateCapella, lcStore.LastOptimisticUpdate(), "lastOptimisticUpdate is wrong")
-	require.Equal(t, finUpdateCapella, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate is wrong")
-
-	// Set and get finality and optimistic with Deneb update
-	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(finUpdateDeneb, false)
-	lcStore.SetLastOptimisticUpdate(opUpdateDeneb, false)
-	require.Equal(t, finUpdateDeneb, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate is wrong")
-	require.Equal(t, opUpdateDeneb, lcStore.LastOptimisticUpdate(), "lastOptimisticUpdate is wrong")
-}
-
-func TestLightClientStore_SetLastFinalityUpdate(t *testing.T) {
-	p2p := p2pTesting.NewTestP2P(t)
-	lcStore := lightClient.NewLightClientStore(testDB.SetupDB(t), p2p, new(event.Feed))
-
-	// update 0 with basic data and no supermajority following an empty lastFinalityUpdate - should save and broadcast
-	l0 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair)
-	update0, err := lightClient.NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l0.Ctx, l0.State, l0.Block, l0.AttestedState, l0.AttestedBlock, l0.FinalizedBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create light client finality update")
-
-	require.Equal(t, true, lightClient.IsBetterFinalityUpdate(update0, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate()), "update0 should be better than nil")
-	// update0 should be valid for broadcast - meaning it should be broadcasted
-	require.Equal(t, true, lightClient.IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast(update0, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate()), "update0 should be valid for broadcast")
-
-	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(update0, true)
-	require.Equal(t, update0, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate should match the set value")
-	require.Equal(t, true, p2p.BroadcastCalled.Load(), "Broadcast should have been called after setting a new last finality update when previous is nil")
-	p2p.BroadcastCalled.Store(false) // Reset for next test
-
-	// update 1 with same finality slot, increased attested slot, and no supermajority - should save but not broadcast
-	l1 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(1))
-	update1, err := lightClient.NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l1.Ctx, l1.State, l1.Block, l1.AttestedState, l1.AttestedBlock, l1.FinalizedBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create light client finality update")
-
-	require.Equal(t, true, lightClient.IsBetterFinalityUpdate(update1, update0), "update1 should be better than update0")
-	// update1 should not be valid for broadcast - meaning it should not be broadcasted
-	require.Equal(t, false, lightClient.IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast(update1, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate()), "update1 should not be valid for broadcast")
-
-	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(update1, true)
-	require.Equal(t, update1, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate should match the set value")
-	require.Equal(t, false, p2p.BroadcastCalled.Load(), "Broadcast should not have been called after setting a new last finality update without supermajority")
-	p2p.BroadcastCalled.Store(false) // Reset for next test
-
-	// update 2 with same finality slot, increased attested slot, and supermajority - should save and broadcast
-	l2 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(2), util.WithSupermajority())
-	update2, err := lightClient.NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l2.Ctx, l2.State, l2.Block, l2.AttestedState, l2.AttestedBlock, l2.FinalizedBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create light client finality update")
-
-	require.Equal(t, true, lightClient.IsBetterFinalityUpdate(update2, update1), "update2 should be better than update1")
-	// update2 should be valid for broadcast - meaning it should be broadcasted
-	require.Equal(t, true, lightClient.IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast(update2, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate()), "update2 should be valid for broadcast")
-
-	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(update2, true)
-	require.Equal(t, update2, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate should match the set value")
-	require.Equal(t, true, p2p.BroadcastCalled.Load(), "Broadcast should have been called after setting a new last finality update with supermajority")
-	p2p.BroadcastCalled.Store(false) // Reset for next test
-
-	// update 3 with same finality slot, increased attested slot, and supermajority - should save but not broadcast
-	l3 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(3), util.WithSupermajority())
-	update3, err := lightClient.NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l3.Ctx, l3.State, l3.Block, l3.AttestedState, l3.AttestedBlock, l3.FinalizedBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create light client finality update")
-
-	require.Equal(t, true, lightClient.IsBetterFinalityUpdate(update3, update2), "update3 should be better than update2")
-	// update3 should not be valid for broadcast - meaning it should not be broadcasted
-	require.Equal(t, false, lightClient.IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast(update3, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate()), "update3 should not be valid for broadcast")
-
-	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(update3, true)
-	require.Equal(t, update3, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate should match the set value")
-	require.Equal(t, false, p2p.BroadcastCalled.Load(), "Broadcast should not have been when previous was already broadcast")
-
-	// update 4 with increased finality slot, increased attested slot, and supermajority - should save and broadcast
-	l4 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedFinalizedSlot(1), util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(1), util.WithSupermajority())
-	update4, err := lightClient.NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l4.Ctx, l4.State, l4.Block, l4.AttestedState, l4.AttestedBlock, l4.FinalizedBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create light client finality update")
-
-	require.Equal(t, true, lightClient.IsBetterFinalityUpdate(update4, update3), "update4 should be better than update3")
-	// update4 should be valid for broadcast - meaning it should be broadcasted
-	require.Equal(t, true, lightClient.IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast(update4, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate()), "update4 should be valid for broadcast")
-
-	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(update4, true)
-	require.Equal(t, update4, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate should match the set value")
-	require.Equal(t, true, p2p.BroadcastCalled.Load(), "Broadcast should have been called after a new finality update with increased finality slot")
-	p2p.BroadcastCalled.Store(false) // Reset for next test
-
-	// update 5 with the same new finality slot, increased attested slot, and supermajority - should save but not broadcast
-	l5 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedFinalizedSlot(1), util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(2), util.WithSupermajority())
-	update5, err := lightClient.NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l5.Ctx, l5.State, l5.Block, l5.AttestedState, l5.AttestedBlock, l5.FinalizedBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create light client finality update")
-
-	require.Equal(t, true, lightClient.IsBetterFinalityUpdate(update5, update4), "update5 should be better than update4")
-	// update5 should not be valid for broadcast - meaning it should not be broadcasted
-	require.Equal(t, false, lightClient.IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast(update5, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate()), "update5 should not be valid for broadcast")
-
-	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(update5, true)
-	require.Equal(t, update5, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate should match the set value")
-	require.Equal(t, false, p2p.BroadcastCalled.Load(), "Broadcast should not have been called when previous was already broadcast with supermajority")
-
-	// update 6 with the same new finality slot, increased attested slot, and no supermajority - should save but not broadcast
-	l6 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedFinalizedSlot(1), util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(3))
-	update6, err := lightClient.NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l6.Ctx, l6.State, l6.Block, l6.AttestedState, l6.AttestedBlock, l6.FinalizedBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create light client finality update")
-
-	require.Equal(t, true, lightClient.IsBetterFinalityUpdate(update6, update5), "update6 should be better than update5")
-	// update6 should not be valid for broadcast - meaning it should not be broadcasted
-	require.Equal(t, false, lightClient.IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast(update6, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate()), "update6 should not be valid for broadcast")
-
-	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(update6, true)
-	require.Equal(t, update6, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate should match the set value")
-	require.Equal(t, false, p2p.BroadcastCalled.Load(), "Broadcast should not have been called when previous was already broadcast with supermajority")
-}
--- a/beacon-chain/core/peerdas/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/peerdas/BUILD.bazel
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ go_library(
        "//config/fieldparams:go_default_library",
        "//config/params:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
-        "//consensus-types/interfaces:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types/primitives:go_default_library",
        "//container/trie:go_default_library",
        "//crypto/hash:go_default_library",
        "//encoding/bytesutil:go_default_library",
+        "//proto/engine/v1:go_default_library",
        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
        "//runtime/version:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_ethereum_go_ethereum//p2p/enode:go_default_library",
--- a/beacon-chain/core/peerdas/das_core.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/peerdas/das_core.go
@@ -4,15 +4,10 @@ import (
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"math"
 	"slices"
-	"time"

-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/blockchain/kzg"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/interfaces"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/crypto/hash"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/encoding/bytesutil"
-	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/enode"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
@@ -20,12 +15,9 @@ import (

 var (
 	// Custom errors
-	ErrCustodyGroupTooLarge               = errors.New("custody group too large")
-	ErrCustodyGroupCountTooLarge          = errors.New("custody group count too large")
-	ErrSizeMismatch                       = errors.New("mismatch in the number of blob KZG commitments and cellsAndProofs")
-	ErrNotEnoughDataColumnSidecars        = errors.New("not enough columns")
-	ErrDataColumnSidecarsNotSortedByIndex = errors.New("data column sidecars are not sorted by index")
-	errWrongComputedCustodyGroupCount     = errors.New("wrong computed custody group count, should never happen")
+	ErrCustodyGroupTooLarge           = errors.New("custody group too large")
+	ErrCustodyGroupCountTooLarge      = errors.New("custody group count too large")
+	errWrongComputedCustodyGroupCount = errors.New("wrong computed custody group count, should never happen")

 	// maxUint256 is the maximum value of an uint256.
 	maxUint256 = &uint256.Int{math.MaxUint64, math.MaxUint64, math.MaxUint64, math.MaxUint64}
@@ -117,44 +109,6 @@ func ComputeColumnsForCustodyGroup(custodyGroup uint64) ([]uint64, error) {
 	return columns, nil
 }

-// DataColumnSidecars computes the data column sidecars from the signed block, cells and cell proofs.
-// The returned value contains pointers to function parameters.
-// (If the caller alterates `cellsAndProofs` afterwards, the returned value will be modified as well.)
-// https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/master/specs/fulu/validator.md#get_data_column_sidecars_from_block
-func DataColumnSidecars(signedBlock interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock, cellsAndProofs []kzg.CellsAndProofs) ([]*ethpb.DataColumnSidecar, error) {
-	if signedBlock == nil || signedBlock.IsNil() || len(cellsAndProofs) == 0 {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	block := signedBlock.Block()
-	blockBody := block.Body()
-	blobKzgCommitments, err := blockBody.BlobKzgCommitments()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "blob KZG commitments")
-	}
-
-	if len(blobKzgCommitments) != len(cellsAndProofs) {
-		return nil, ErrSizeMismatch
-	}
-
-	signedBlockHeader, err := signedBlock.Header()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "signed block header")
-	}
-
-	kzgCommitmentsInclusionProof, err := blocks.MerkleProofKZGCommitments(blockBody)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "merkle proof KZG commitments")
-	}
-
-	dataColumnSidecars, err := dataColumnsSidecars(signedBlockHeader, blobKzgCommitments, kzgCommitmentsInclusionProof, cellsAndProofs)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "data column sidecars")
-	}
-
-	return dataColumnSidecars, nil
-}
-
 // ComputeCustodyGroupForColumn computes the custody group for a given column.
 // It is the reciprocal function of ComputeColumnsForCustodyGroup.
 func ComputeCustodyGroupForColumn(columnIndex uint64) (uint64, error) {
@@ -194,72 +148,3 @@ func CustodyColumns(custodyGroups []uint64) (map[uint64]bool, error) {

 	return columns, nil
 }
-
-// dataColumnsSidecars computes the data column sidecars from the signed block header, the blob KZG commiments,
-// the KZG commitment includion proofs and cells and cell proofs.
-// The returned value contains pointers to function parameters.
-// (If the caller alterates input parameters afterwards, the returned value will be modified as well.)
-// https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/master/specs/fulu/validator.md#get_data_column_sidecars
-func dataColumnsSidecars(
-	signedBlockHeader *ethpb.SignedBeaconBlockHeader,
-	blobKzgCommitments [][]byte,
-	kzgCommitmentsInclusionProof [][]byte,
-	cellsAndProofs []kzg.CellsAndProofs,
-) ([]*ethpb.DataColumnSidecar, error) {
-	start := time.Now()
-	if len(blobKzgCommitments) != len(cellsAndProofs) {
-		return nil, ErrSizeMismatch
-	}
-
-	numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
-
-	blobsCount := len(cellsAndProofs)
-	sidecars := make([]*ethpb.DataColumnSidecar, 0, numberOfColumns)
-	for columnIndex := range numberOfColumns {
-		column := make([]kzg.Cell, 0, blobsCount)
-		kzgProofOfColumn := make([]kzg.Proof, 0, blobsCount)
-
-		for rowIndex := range blobsCount {
-			cellsForRow := cellsAndProofs[rowIndex].Cells
-			proofsForRow := cellsAndProofs[rowIndex].Proofs
-
-			// Validate that we have enough cells and proofs for this column index
-			if columnIndex >= uint64(len(cellsForRow)) {
-				return nil, errors.Errorf("column index %d exceeds cells length %d for blob %d", columnIndex, len(cellsForRow), rowIndex)
-			}
-			if columnIndex >= uint64(len(proofsForRow)) {
-				return nil, errors.Errorf("column index %d exceeds proofs length %d for blob %d", columnIndex, len(proofsForRow), rowIndex)
-			}
-
-			cell := cellsForRow[columnIndex]
-			column = append(column, cell)
-
-			kzgProof := proofsForRow[columnIndex]
-			kzgProofOfColumn = append(kzgProofOfColumn, kzgProof)
-		}
-
-		columnBytes := make([][]byte, 0, blobsCount)
-		for i := range column {
-			columnBytes = append(columnBytes, column[i][:])
-		}
-
-		kzgProofOfColumnBytes := make([][]byte, 0, blobsCount)
-		for _, kzgProof := range kzgProofOfColumn {
-			kzgProofOfColumnBytes = append(kzgProofOfColumnBytes, kzgProof[:])
-		}
-
-		sidecar := &ethpb.DataColumnSidecar{
-			Index:                        columnIndex,
-			Column:                       columnBytes,
-			KzgCommitments:               blobKzgCommitments,
-			KzgProofs:                    kzgProofOfColumnBytes,
-			SignedBlockHeader:            signedBlockHeader,
-			KzgCommitmentsInclusionProof: kzgCommitmentsInclusionProof,
-		}
-
-		sidecars = append(sidecars, sidecar)
-	}
-
-	dataColumnComputationTime.Observe(float64(time.Since(start).Milliseconds()))
-	return sidecars, nil
-}
--- a/beacon-chain/core/peerdas/das_core_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/peerdas/das_core_test.go
@@ -3,13 +3,9 @@ package peerdas_test
 import (
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/blockchain/kzg"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/peerdas"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
-	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/require"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/util"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/enode"
 )

@@ -31,93 +27,6 @@ func TestComputeColumnsForCustodyGroup(t *testing.T) {
 	require.ErrorIs(t, err, peerdas.ErrCustodyGroupTooLarge)
 }

-func TestDataColumnSidecars(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("nil signed block", func(t *testing.T) {
-		var expected []*ethpb.DataColumnSidecar = nil
-		actual, err := peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(nil, []kzg.CellsAndProofs{})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		require.DeepSSZEqual(t, expected, actual)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("empty cells and proofs", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Create a protobuf signed beacon block.
-		signedBeaconBlockPb := util.NewBeaconBlockDeneb()
-
-		// Create a signed beacon block from the protobuf.
-		signedBeaconBlock, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(signedBeaconBlockPb)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		actual, err := peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(signedBeaconBlock, []kzg.CellsAndProofs{})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.IsNil(t, actual)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("sizes mismatch", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Create a protobuf signed beacon block.
-		signedBeaconBlockPb := util.NewBeaconBlockDeneb()
-
-		// Create a signed beacon block from the protobuf.
-		signedBeaconBlock, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(signedBeaconBlockPb)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// Create cells and proofs.
-		cellsAndProofs := make([]kzg.CellsAndProofs, 1)
-
-		_, err = peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(signedBeaconBlock, cellsAndProofs)
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, peerdas.ErrSizeMismatch)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("cells array too short for column index", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Create a Fulu block with a blob commitment.
-		signedBeaconBlockPb := util.NewBeaconBlockFulu()
-		signedBeaconBlockPb.Block.Body.BlobKzgCommitments = [][]byte{make([]byte, 48)}
-
-		// Create a signed beacon block from the protobuf.
-		signedBeaconBlock, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(signedBeaconBlockPb)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// Create cells and proofs with insufficient cells for the number of columns.
-		// This simulates a scenario where cellsAndProofs has fewer cells than expected columns.
-		cellsAndProofs := []kzg.CellsAndProofs{
-			{
-				Cells:  make([]kzg.Cell, 10),  // Only 10 cells
-				Proofs: make([]kzg.Proof, 10), // Only 10 proofs
-			},
-		}
-
-		// This should fail because the function will try to access columns up to NumberOfColumns
-		// but we only have 10 cells/proofs.
-		_, err = peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(signedBeaconBlock, cellsAndProofs)
-		require.ErrorContains(t, "column index", err)
-		require.ErrorContains(t, "exceeds cells length", err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("proofs array too short for column index", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Create a Fulu block with a blob commitment.
-		signedBeaconBlockPb := util.NewBeaconBlockFulu()
-		signedBeaconBlockPb.Block.Body.BlobKzgCommitments = [][]byte{make([]byte, 48)}
-
-		// Create a signed beacon block from the protobuf.
-		signedBeaconBlock, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(signedBeaconBlockPb)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// Create cells and proofs with sufficient cells but insufficient proofs.
-		numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
-		cellsAndProofs := []kzg.CellsAndProofs{
-			{
-				Cells:  make([]kzg.Cell, numberOfColumns),
-				Proofs: make([]kzg.Proof, 5), // Only 5 proofs, less than columns
-			},
-		}
-
-		// This should fail when trying to access proof beyond index 4.
-		_, err = peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(signedBeaconBlock, cellsAndProofs)
-		require.ErrorContains(t, "column index", err)
-		require.ErrorContains(t, "exceeds proofs length", err)
-	})
-}
-
 func TestComputeCustodyGroupForColumn(t *testing.T) {
 	params.SetupTestConfigCleanup(t)
 	config := params.BeaconConfig()
--- a/beacon-chain/core/peerdas/p2p_interface_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/peerdas/p2p_interface_test.go
@@ -63,17 +63,14 @@ func TestVerifyDataColumnSidecarKZGProofs(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("invalid proof", func(t *testing.T) {
 		sidecars := generateRandomSidecars(t, seed, blobCount)
 		sidecars[0].Column[0][0]++ // It is OK to overflow
-		roDataColumnSidecars := generateRODataColumnSidecars(t, sidecars)

-		err := peerdas.VerifyDataColumnsSidecarKZGProofs(roDataColumnSidecars)
+		err := peerdas.VerifyDataColumnsSidecarKZGProofs(sidecars)
 		require.ErrorIs(t, err, peerdas.ErrInvalidKZGProof)
 	})

 	t.Run("nominal", func(t *testing.T) {
 		sidecars := generateRandomSidecars(t, seed, blobCount)
-		roDataColumnSidecars := generateRODataColumnSidecars(t, sidecars)
-
-		err := peerdas.VerifyDataColumnsSidecarKZGProofs(roDataColumnSidecars)
+		err := peerdas.VerifyDataColumnsSidecarKZGProofs(sidecars)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	})
 }
@@ -256,9 +253,8 @@ func BenchmarkVerifyDataColumnSidecarKZGProofs_SameCommitments_NoBatch(b *testin
 	for i := range int64(b.N) {
 		// Generate new random sidecars to ensure the KZG backend does not cache anything.
 		sidecars := generateRandomSidecars(b, i, blobCount)
-		roDataColumnSidecars := generateRODataColumnSidecars(b, sidecars)

-		for _, sidecar := range roDataColumnSidecars {
+		for _, sidecar := range sidecars {
 			sidecars := []blocks.RODataColumn{sidecar}
 			b.StartTimer()
 			err := peerdas.VerifyDataColumnsSidecarKZGProofs(sidecars)
@@ -282,7 +278,7 @@ func BenchmarkVerifyDataColumnSidecarKZGProofs_DiffCommitments_Batch(b *testing.
 			b.ResetTimer()

 			for j := range int64(b.N) {
-				allSidecars := make([]*ethpb.DataColumnSidecar, 0, numberOfColumns)
+				allSidecars := make([]blocks.RODataColumn, 0, numberOfColumns)
 				for k := int64(0); k < numberOfColumns; k += columnsCount {
 					// Use different seeds to generate different blobs/commitments
 					seed := int64(b.N*i) + numberOfColumns*j + blobCount*k
@@ -292,10 +288,8 @@ func BenchmarkVerifyDataColumnSidecarKZGProofs_DiffCommitments_Batch(b *testing.
 					allSidecars = append(allSidecars, sidecars[k:k+columnsCount]...)
 				}

-				roDataColumnSidecars := generateRODataColumnSidecars(b, allSidecars)
-
 				b.StartTimer()
-				err := peerdas.VerifyDataColumnsSidecarKZGProofs(roDataColumnSidecars)
+				err := peerdas.VerifyDataColumnsSidecarKZGProofs(allSidecars)
 				b.StopTimer()
 				require.NoError(b, err)
 			}
@@ -323,8 +317,7 @@ func BenchmarkVerifyDataColumnSidecarKZGProofs_DiffCommitments_Batch4(b *testing
 		for j := range int64(batchCount) {
 			// Use different seeds to generate different blobs/commitments
 			sidecars := generateRandomSidecars(b, int64(batchCount)*i+j*blobCount, blobCount)
-			roDataColumnSidecars := generateRODataColumnSidecars(b, sidecars[:columnsCount])
-			allSidecars = append(allSidecars, roDataColumnSidecars)
+			allSidecars = append(allSidecars, sidecars)
 		}

 		for _, sidecars := range allSidecars {
@@ -358,7 +351,7 @@ func createTestSidecar(t *testing.T, index uint64, column, kzgCommitments, kzgPr
 	return roSidecar
 }

-func generateRandomSidecars(t testing.TB, seed, blobCount int64) []*ethpb.DataColumnSidecar {
+func generateRandomSidecars(t testing.TB, seed, blobCount int64) []blocks.RODataColumn {
 	dbBlock := util.NewBeaconBlockDeneb()

 	commitments := make([][]byte, 0, blobCount)
@@ -379,20 +372,10 @@ func generateRandomSidecars(t testing.TB, seed, blobCount int64) []*ethpb.DataCo
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	cellsAndProofs := util.GenerateCellsAndProofs(t, blobs)
-	sidecars, err := peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(sBlock, cellsAndProofs)
+	rob, err := blocks.NewROBlock(sBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	sidecars, err := peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(cellsAndProofs, peerdas.PopulateFromBlock(rob))
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	return sidecars
 }
-
-func generateRODataColumnSidecars(t testing.TB, sidecars []*ethpb.DataColumnSidecar) []blocks.RODataColumn {
-	roDataColumnSidecars := make([]blocks.RODataColumn, 0, len(sidecars))
-	for _, sidecar := range sidecars {
-		roCol, err := blocks.NewRODataColumn(sidecar)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		roDataColumnSidecars = append(roDataColumnSidecars, roCol)
-	}
-
-	return roDataColumnSidecars
-}
--- a/beacon-chain/core/peerdas/reconstruction.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/peerdas/reconstruction.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	pb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/engine/v1"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ var (
 	ErrBlobIndexTooHigh         = errors.New("blob index is too high")
 	ErrBlockRootMismatch        = errors.New("block root mismatch")
 	ErrBlobsCellsProofsMismatch = errors.New("blobs and cells proofs mismatch")
+	ErrNilBlobAndProof          = errors.New("nil blob and proof")
 )

 // MinimumColumnCountToReconstruct return the minimum number of columns needed to proceed to a reconstruction.
@@ -28,19 +29,19 @@ func MinimumColumnCountToReconstruct() uint64 {
 // ReconstructDataColumnSidecars reconstructs all the data column sidecars from the given input data column sidecars.
 // All input sidecars must be committed to the same block.
 // `inVerifiedRoSidecars` should contain enough (unique) sidecars to reconstruct the missing columns.
-func ReconstructDataColumnSidecars(inVerifiedRoSidecars []blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) ([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, error) {
+func ReconstructDataColumnSidecars(verifiedRoSidecars []blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) ([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, error) {
 	// Check if there is at least one input sidecar.
-	if len(inVerifiedRoSidecars) == 0 {
+	if len(verifiedRoSidecars) == 0 {
 		return nil, ErrNotEnoughDataColumnSidecars
 	}

 	// Safely retrieve the first sidecar as a reference.
-	referenceSidecar := inVerifiedRoSidecars[0]
+	referenceSidecar := verifiedRoSidecars[0]

 	// Check if all columns have the same length and are commmitted to the same block.
 	blobCount := len(referenceSidecar.Column)
 	blockRoot := referenceSidecar.BlockRoot()
-	for _, sidecar := range inVerifiedRoSidecars[1:] {
+	for _, sidecar := range verifiedRoSidecars[1:] {
 		if len(sidecar.Column) != blobCount {
 			return nil, ErrColumnLengthsDiffer
 		}
@@ -51,8 +52,8 @@ func ReconstructDataColumnSidecars(inVerifiedRoSidecars []blocks.VerifiedRODataC
 	}

 	// Deduplicate sidecars.
-	sidecarByIndex := make(map[uint64]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, len(inVerifiedRoSidecars))
-	for _, inVerifiedRoSidecar := range inVerifiedRoSidecars {
+	sidecarByIndex := make(map[uint64]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, len(verifiedRoSidecars))
+	for _, inVerifiedRoSidecar := range verifiedRoSidecars {
 		sidecarByIndex[inVerifiedRoSidecar.Index] = inVerifiedRoSidecar
 	}

@@ -62,12 +63,6 @@ func ReconstructDataColumnSidecars(inVerifiedRoSidecars []blocks.VerifiedRODataC
 		return nil, ErrNotEnoughDataColumnSidecars
 	}

-	// Sidecars are verified and are committed to the same block.
-	// All signed block headers, KZG commitments, and inclusion proofs are the same.
-	signedBlockHeader := referenceSidecar.SignedBlockHeader
-	kzgCommitments := referenceSidecar.KzgCommitments
-	kzgCommitmentsInclusionProof := referenceSidecar.KzgCommitmentsInclusionProof
-
 	// Recover cells and compute proofs in parallel.
 	var wg errgroup.Group
 	cellsAndProofs := make([]kzg.CellsAndProofs, blobCount)
@@ -100,78 +95,20 @@ func ReconstructDataColumnSidecars(inVerifiedRoSidecars []blocks.VerifiedRODataC
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "wait for RecoverCellsAndKZGProofs")
 	}

-	outSidecars, err := dataColumnsSidecars(signedBlockHeader, kzgCommitments, kzgCommitmentsInclusionProof, cellsAndProofs)
+	outSidecars, err := DataColumnSidecars(cellsAndProofs, PopulateFromSidecar(referenceSidecar))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "data column sidecars from items")
 	}

 	// Input sidecars are verified, and we reconstructed ourselves the missing sidecars.
 	// As a consequence, reconstructed sidecars are also verified.
-	outVerifiedRoSidecars := make([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, 0, len(outSidecars))
+	reconstructedVerifiedRoSidecars := make([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, 0, len(outSidecars))
 	for _, sidecar := range outSidecars {
-		roSidecar, err := blocks.NewRODataColumnWithRoot(sidecar, blockRoot)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "new RO data column with root")
-		}
-
-		verifiedRoSidecar := blocks.NewVerifiedRODataColumn(roSidecar)
-		outVerifiedRoSidecars = append(outVerifiedRoSidecars, verifiedRoSidecar)
+		verifiedRoSidecar := blocks.NewVerifiedRODataColumn(sidecar)
+		reconstructedVerifiedRoSidecars = append(reconstructedVerifiedRoSidecars, verifiedRoSidecar)
 	}

-	return outVerifiedRoSidecars, nil
-}
-
-// ConstructDataColumnSidecars constructs data column sidecars from a block, (un-extended) blobs and
-// cell proofs corresponding the extended blobs. The main purpose of this function is to
-// construct data column sidecars from data obtained from the execution client via:
-// - `engine_getBlobsV2` - https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/osaka.md#engine_getblobsv2, or
-// - `engine_getPayloadV5` - https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/osaka.md#engine_getpayloadv5
-// Note: In this function, to stick with the `BlobsBundleV2` format returned by the execution client in `engine_getPayloadV5`,
-// cell proofs are "flattened".
-func ConstructDataColumnSidecars(block interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock, blobs [][]byte, cellProofs [][]byte) ([]*ethpb.DataColumnSidecar, error) {
-	// Check if the cells count is equal to the cell proofs count.
-	numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
-	blobCount := uint64(len(blobs))
-	cellProofsCount := uint64(len(cellProofs))
-
-	cellsCount := blobCount * numberOfColumns
-	if cellsCount != cellProofsCount {
-		return nil, ErrBlobsCellsProofsMismatch
-	}
-
-	cellsAndProofs := make([]kzg.CellsAndProofs, 0, blobCount)
-	for i, blob := range blobs {
-		var kzgBlob kzg.Blob
-		if copy(kzgBlob[:], blob) != len(kzgBlob) {
-			return nil, errors.New("wrong blob size - should never happen")
-		}
-
-		// Compute the extended cells from the (non-extended) blob.
-		cells, err := kzg.ComputeCells(&kzgBlob)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "compute cells")
-		}
-
-		var proofs []kzg.Proof
-		for idx := uint64(i) * numberOfColumns; idx < (uint64(i)+1)*numberOfColumns; idx++ {
-			var kzgProof kzg.Proof
-			if copy(kzgProof[:], cellProofs[idx]) != len(kzgProof) {
-				return nil, errors.New("wrong KZG proof size - should never happen")
-			}
-
-			proofs = append(proofs, kzgProof)
-		}
-
-		cellsProofs := kzg.CellsAndProofs{Cells: cells, Proofs: proofs}
-		cellsAndProofs = append(cellsAndProofs, cellsProofs)
-	}
-
-	dataColumnSidecars, err := DataColumnSidecars(block, cellsAndProofs)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "data column sidcars")
-	}
-
-	return dataColumnSidecars, nil
+	return reconstructedVerifiedRoSidecars, nil
 }

 // ReconstructBlobs constructs verified read only blobs sidecars from verified read only blob sidecars.
@@ -256,6 +193,89 @@ func ReconstructBlobs(block blocks.ROBlock, verifiedDataColumnSidecars []blocks.
 	return blobSidecars, nil
 }

+// ComputeCellsAndProofsFromFlat computes the cells and proofs from blobs and cell flat proofs.
+func ComputeCellsAndProofsFromFlat(blobs [][]byte, cellProofs [][]byte) ([]kzg.CellsAndProofs, error) {
+	numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
+	blobCount := uint64(len(blobs))
+	cellProofsCount := uint64(len(cellProofs))
+
+	cellsCount := blobCount * numberOfColumns
+	if cellsCount != cellProofsCount {
+		return nil, ErrBlobsCellsProofsMismatch
+	}
+
+	cellsAndProofs := make([]kzg.CellsAndProofs, 0, blobCount)
+	for i, blob := range blobs {
+		var kzgBlob kzg.Blob
+		if copy(kzgBlob[:], blob) != len(kzgBlob) {
+			return nil, errors.New("wrong blob size - should never happen")
+		}
+
+		// Compute the extended cells from the (non-extended) blob.
+		cells, err := kzg.ComputeCells(&kzgBlob)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "compute cells")
+		}
+
+		var proofs []kzg.Proof
+		for idx := uint64(i) * numberOfColumns; idx < (uint64(i)+1)*numberOfColumns; idx++ {
+			var kzgProof kzg.Proof
+			if copy(kzgProof[:], cellProofs[idx]) != len(kzgProof) {
+				return nil, errors.New("wrong KZG proof size - should never happen")
+			}
+
+			proofs = append(proofs, kzgProof)
+		}
+
+		cellsProofs := kzg.CellsAndProofs{Cells: cells, Proofs: proofs}
+		cellsAndProofs = append(cellsAndProofs, cellsProofs)
+	}
+
+	return cellsAndProofs, nil
+}
+
+// ComputeCellsAndProofs computes the cells and proofs from blobs and cell proofs.
+func ComputeCellsAndProofsFromStructured(blobsAndProofs []*pb.BlobAndProofV2) ([]kzg.CellsAndProofs, error) {
+	numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
+
+	cellsAndProofs := make([]kzg.CellsAndProofs, 0, len(blobsAndProofs))
+	for _, blobAndProof := range blobsAndProofs {
+		if blobAndProof == nil {
+			return nil, ErrNilBlobAndProof
+		}
+
+		var kzgBlob kzg.Blob
+		if copy(kzgBlob[:], blobAndProof.Blob) != len(kzgBlob) {
+			return nil, errors.New("wrong blob size - should never happen")
+		}
+
+		// Compute the extended cells from the (non-extended) blob.
+		cells, err := kzg.ComputeCells(&kzgBlob)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "compute cells")
+		}
+
+		kzgProofs := make([]kzg.Proof, 0, numberOfColumns*kzg.BytesPerProof)
+		for _, kzgProofBytes := range blobAndProof.KzgProofs {
+			if len(kzgProofBytes) != kzg.BytesPerProof {
+				return nil, errors.New("wrong KZG proof size - should never happen")
+			}
+
+			var kzgProof kzg.Proof
+			if copy(kzgProof[:], kzgProofBytes) != len(kzgProof) {
+				return nil, errors.New("wrong copied KZG proof size - should never happen")
+			}
+
+			kzgProofs = append(kzgProofs, kzgProof)
+		}
+
+		cellsProofs := kzg.CellsAndProofs{Cells: cells, Proofs: kzgProofs}
+		cellsAndProofs = append(cellsAndProofs, cellsProofs)
+	}
+
+	return cellsAndProofs, nil
+}
+
 // blobSidecarsFromDataColumnSidecars converts verified data column sidecars to verified blob sidecars.
 func blobSidecarsFromDataColumnSidecars(roBlock blocks.ROBlock, dataColumnSidecars []blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, indices []int) ([]*blocks.VerifiedROBlob, error) {
 	referenceSidecar := dataColumnSidecars[0]
--- a/beacon-chain/core/peerdas/reconstruction_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/peerdas/reconstruction_test.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
-	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	pb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/engine/v1"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/require"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/util"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
@@ -124,50 +124,6 @@ func TestReconstructDataColumnSidecars(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }

-func TestConstructDataColumnSidecars(t *testing.T) {
-	const (
-		blobCount    = 3
-		cellsPerBlob = fieldparams.CellsPerBlob
-	)
-
-	numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
-
-	// Start the trusted setup.
-	err := kzg.Start()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	roBlock, _, baseVerifiedRoSidecars := util.GenerateTestFuluBlockWithSidecars(t, blobCount)
-
-	// Extract blobs and proofs from the sidecars.
-	blobs := make([][]byte, 0, blobCount)
-	cellProofs := make([][]byte, 0, cellsPerBlob)
-	for blobIndex := range blobCount {
-		blob := make([]byte, 0, cellsPerBlob)
-		for columnIndex := range cellsPerBlob {
-			cell := baseVerifiedRoSidecars[columnIndex].Column[blobIndex]
-			blob = append(blob, cell...)
-		}
-
-		blobs = append(blobs, blob)
-
-		for columnIndex := range numberOfColumns {
-			cellProof := baseVerifiedRoSidecars[columnIndex].KzgProofs[blobIndex]
-			cellProofs = append(cellProofs, cellProof)
-		}
-	}
-
-	actual, err := peerdas.ConstructDataColumnSidecars(roBlock, blobs, cellProofs)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// Extract the base verified ro sidecars into sidecars.
-	expected := make([]*ethpb.DataColumnSidecar, 0, len(baseVerifiedRoSidecars))
-	for _, verifiedRoSidecar := range baseVerifiedRoSidecars {
-		expected = append(expected, verifiedRoSidecar.DataColumnSidecar)
-	}
-
-	require.DeepSSZEqual(t, expected, actual)
-}
-
 func TestReconstructBlobs(t *testing.T) {
 	// Start the trusted setup.
 	err := kzg.Start()
@@ -250,7 +206,7 @@ func TestReconstructBlobs(t *testing.T) {
 		// Compute cells and proofs from blob sidecars.
 		var wg errgroup.Group
 		blobs := make([][]byte, blobCount)
-		cellsAndProofs := make([]kzg.CellsAndProofs, blobCount)
+		inputCellsAndProofs := make([]kzg.CellsAndProofs, blobCount)
 		for i := range blobCount {
 			blob := roBlobSidecars[i].Blob
 			blobs[i] = blob
@@ -267,7 +223,7 @@ func TestReconstructBlobs(t *testing.T) {

 				// It is safe for multiple goroutines to concurrently write to the same slice,
 				// as long as they are writing to different indices, which is the case here.
-				cellsAndProofs[i] = cp
+				inputCellsAndProofs[i] = cp

 				return nil
 			})
@@ -278,25 +234,24 @@ func TestReconstructBlobs(t *testing.T) {

 		// Flatten proofs.
 		cellProofs := make([][]byte, 0, blobCount*numberOfColumns)
-		for _, cp := range cellsAndProofs {
+		for _, cp := range inputCellsAndProofs {
 			for _, proof := range cp.Proofs {
 				cellProofs = append(cellProofs, proof[:])
 			}
 		}

-		// Construct data column sidecars.
-		// It is OK to use the public function `ConstructDataColumnSidecars`, as long as
-		// `TestConstructDataColumnSidecars` tests pass.
-		dataColumnSidecars, err := peerdas.ConstructDataColumnSidecars(roBlock, blobs, cellProofs)
+		// Compute celles and proofs from the blobs and cell proofs.
+		cellsAndProofs, err := peerdas.ComputeCellsAndProofsFromFlat(blobs, cellProofs)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Construct data column sidears from the signed block and cells and proofs.
+		roDataColumnSidecars, err := peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(cellsAndProofs, peerdas.PopulateFromBlock(roBlock))
 		require.NoError(t, err)

 		// Convert to verified data column sidecars.
-		verifiedRoSidecars := make([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, 0, len(dataColumnSidecars))
-		for _, dataColumnSidecar := range dataColumnSidecars {
-			roSidecar, err := blocks.NewRODataColumn(dataColumnSidecar)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			verifiedRoSidecar := blocks.NewVerifiedRODataColumn(roSidecar)
+		verifiedRoSidecars := make([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, 0, len(roDataColumnSidecars))
+		for _, roDataColumnSidecar := range roDataColumnSidecars {
+			verifiedRoSidecar := blocks.NewVerifiedRODataColumn(roDataColumnSidecar)
 			verifiedRoSidecars = append(verifiedRoSidecars, verifiedRoSidecar)
 		}

@@ -339,3 +294,162 @@ func TestReconstructBlobs(t *testing.T) {
 	})

 }
+
+func TestComputeCellsAndProofsFromFlat(t *testing.T) {
+	// Start the trusted setup.
+	err := kzg.Start()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	t.Run("mismatched blob and proof counts", func(t *testing.T) {
+		numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
+
+		// Create one blob but proofs for two blobs
+		blobs := [][]byte{{}}
+
+		// Create proofs for 2 blobs worth of columns
+		cellProofs := make([][]byte, 2*numberOfColumns)
+
+		_, err := peerdas.ComputeCellsAndProofsFromFlat(blobs, cellProofs)
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, peerdas.ErrBlobsCellsProofsMismatch)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nominal", func(t *testing.T) {
+		const blobCount = 2
+		numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
+
+		// Generate test blobs
+		_, roBlobSidecars := util.GenerateTestElectraBlockWithSidecar(t, [fieldparams.RootLength]byte{}, 42, blobCount)
+
+		// Extract blobs and compute expected cells and proofs
+		blobs := make([][]byte, blobCount)
+		expectedCellsAndProofs := make([]kzg.CellsAndProofs, blobCount)
+		var wg errgroup.Group
+
+		for i := range blobCount {
+			blob := roBlobSidecars[i].Blob
+			blobs[i] = blob
+
+			wg.Go(func() error {
+				var kzgBlob kzg.Blob
+				count := copy(kzgBlob[:], blob)
+				require.Equal(t, len(kzgBlob), count)
+
+				cp, err := kzg.ComputeCellsAndKZGProofs(&kzgBlob)
+				if err != nil {
+					return errors.Wrapf(err, "compute cells and kzg proofs for blob %d", i)
+				}
+
+				expectedCellsAndProofs[i] = cp
+				return nil
+			})
+		}
+
+		err := wg.Wait()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Flatten proofs
+		cellProofs := make([][]byte, 0, blobCount*numberOfColumns)
+		for _, cp := range expectedCellsAndProofs {
+			for _, proof := range cp.Proofs {
+				cellProofs = append(cellProofs, proof[:])
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Test ComputeCellsAndProofs
+		actualCellsAndProofs, err := peerdas.ComputeCellsAndProofsFromFlat(blobs, cellProofs)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, blobCount, len(actualCellsAndProofs))
+
+		// Verify the results match expected
+		for i := range blobCount {
+			require.Equal(t, len(expectedCellsAndProofs[i].Cells), len(actualCellsAndProofs[i].Cells))
+			require.Equal(t, len(expectedCellsAndProofs[i].Proofs), len(actualCellsAndProofs[i].Proofs))
+
+			// Compare cells
+			for j, expectedCell := range expectedCellsAndProofs[i].Cells {
+				require.Equal(t, expectedCell, actualCellsAndProofs[i].Cells[j])
+			}
+
+			// Compare proofs
+			for j, expectedProof := range expectedCellsAndProofs[i].Proofs {
+				require.Equal(t, expectedProof, actualCellsAndProofs[i].Proofs[j])
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestComputeCellsAndProofsFromStructured(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("nil blob and proof", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := peerdas.ComputeCellsAndProofsFromStructured([]*pb.BlobAndProofV2{nil})
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, peerdas.ErrNilBlobAndProof)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nominal", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Start the trusted setup.
+		err := kzg.Start()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		const blobCount = 2
+
+		// Generate test blobs
+		_, roBlobSidecars := util.GenerateTestElectraBlockWithSidecar(t, [fieldparams.RootLength]byte{}, 42, blobCount)
+
+		// Extract blobs and compute expected cells and proofs
+		blobsAndProofs := make([]*pb.BlobAndProofV2, blobCount)
+		expectedCellsAndProofs := make([]kzg.CellsAndProofs, blobCount)
+
+		var wg errgroup.Group
+		for i := range blobCount {
+			blob := roBlobSidecars[i].Blob
+
+			wg.Go(func() error {
+				var kzgBlob kzg.Blob
+				count := copy(kzgBlob[:], blob)
+				require.Equal(t, len(kzgBlob), count)
+
+				cellsAndProofs, err := kzg.ComputeCellsAndKZGProofs(&kzgBlob)
+				if err != nil {
+					return errors.Wrapf(err, "compute cells and kzg proofs for blob %d", i)
+				}
+				expectedCellsAndProofs[i] = cellsAndProofs
+
+				kzgProofs := make([][]byte, 0, len(cellsAndProofs.Proofs))
+				for _, proof := range cellsAndProofs.Proofs {
+					kzgProofs = append(kzgProofs, proof[:])
+				}
+
+				blobAndProof := &pb.BlobAndProofV2{
+					Blob:      blob,
+					KzgProofs: kzgProofs,
+				}
+				blobsAndProofs[i] = blobAndProof
+
+				return nil
+			})
+		}
+
+		err = wg.Wait()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Test ComputeCellsAndProofs
+		actualCellsAndProofs, err := peerdas.ComputeCellsAndProofsFromStructured(blobsAndProofs)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, blobCount, len(actualCellsAndProofs))
+
+		// Verify the results match expected
+		for i := range blobCount {
+			require.Equal(t, len(expectedCellsAndProofs[i].Cells), len(actualCellsAndProofs[i].Cells))
+			require.Equal(t, len(expectedCellsAndProofs[i].Proofs), len(actualCellsAndProofs[i].Proofs))
+
+			// Compare cells
+			for j, expectedCell := range expectedCellsAndProofs[i].Cells {
+				require.Equal(t, expectedCell, actualCellsAndProofs[i].Cells[j])
+			}
+
+			// Compare proofs
+			for j, expectedProof := range expectedCellsAndProofs[i].Proofs {
+				require.Equal(t, expectedProof, actualCellsAndProofs[i].Proofs[j])
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/core/peerdas/validator.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/peerdas/validator.go
@@ -1,12 +1,76 @@
 package peerdas

 import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/blockchain/kzg"
 	beaconState "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/state"
+	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
+	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )

+var (
+	ErrNilSignedBlockOrEmptyCellsAndProofs = errors.New("nil signed block or empty cells and proofs")
+	ErrSizeMismatch                        = errors.New("mismatch in the number of blob KZG commitments and cellsAndProofs")
+	ErrNotEnoughDataColumnSidecars         = errors.New("not enough columns")
+	ErrDataColumnSidecarsNotSortedByIndex  = errors.New("data column sidecars are not sorted by index")
+)
+
+var (
+	_ ConstructionPopulator = (*BlockReconstructionSource)(nil)
+	_ ConstructionPopulator = (*SidecarReconstructionSource)(nil)
+)
+
+const (
+	BlockType   = "BeaconBlock"
+	SidecarType = "DataColumnSidecar"
+)
+
+type (
+	// ConstructionPopulator is an interface that can be satisfied by a type that can use data from a struct
+	// like a DataColumnSidecar or a BeaconBlock to set the fields in a data column sidecar that cannot
+	// be obtained from the engine api.
+	ConstructionPopulator interface {
+		Slot() primitives.Slot
+		Root() [fieldparams.RootLength]byte
+		ProposerIndex() primitives.ValidatorIndex
+		Commitments() ([][]byte, error)
+		Type() string
+
+		extract() (*blockInfo, error)
+	}
+
+	// BlockReconstructionSource is a ConstructionPopulator that uses a beacon block as the source of data
+	BlockReconstructionSource struct {
+		blocks.ROBlock
+	}
+
+	// DataColumnSidecar is a ConstructionPopulator that uses a data column sidecar as the source of data
+	SidecarReconstructionSource struct {
+		blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn
+	}
+
+	blockInfo struct {
+		signedBlockHeader *ethpb.SignedBeaconBlockHeader
+		kzgCommitments    [][]byte
+		kzgInclusionProof [][]byte
+	}
+)
+
+// PopulateFromBlock creates a BlockReconstructionSource from a beacon block
+func PopulateFromBlock(block blocks.ROBlock) *BlockReconstructionSource {
+	return &BlockReconstructionSource{ROBlock: block}
+}
+
+// PopulateFromSidecar creates a SidecarReconstructionSource from a data column sidecar
+func PopulateFromSidecar(sidecar blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) *SidecarReconstructionSource {
+	return &SidecarReconstructionSource{VerifiedRODataColumn: sidecar}
+}
+
 // ValidatorsCustodyRequirement returns the number of custody groups regarding the validator indices attached to the beacon node.
 // https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/master/specs/fulu/validator.md#validator-custody
 func ValidatorsCustodyRequirement(state beaconState.ReadOnlyBeaconState, validatorsIndex map[primitives.ValidatorIndex]bool) (uint64, error) {
@@ -28,3 +92,158 @@ func ValidatorsCustodyRequirement(state beaconState.ReadOnlyBeaconState, validat
 	count := totalNodeBalance / balancePerAdditionalCustodyGroup
 	return min(max(count, validatorCustodyRequirement), numberOfCustodyGroups), nil
 }
+
+// DataColumnSidecars, given ConstructionPopulator and the cells/proofs associated with each blob in the
+// block, assembles sidecars which can be distributed to peers.
+// This is an adapted version of
+// https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/master/specs/fulu/validator.md#get_data_column_sidecars,
+// which is designed to be used both when constructing sidecars from a block and from a sidecar, replacing
+// https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/master/specs/fulu/validator.md#get_data_column_sidecars_from_block and
+// https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/master/specs/fulu/validator.md#get_data_column_sidecars_from_column_sidecar
+func DataColumnSidecars(rows []kzg.CellsAndProofs, src ConstructionPopulator) ([]blocks.RODataColumn, error) {
+	if len(rows) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	start := time.Now()
+	cells, proofs, err := rotateRowsToCols(rows, params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "rotate cells and proofs")
+	}
+	info, err := src.extract()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "extract block info")
+	}
+
+	maxIdx := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
+	roSidecars := make([]blocks.RODataColumn, 0, maxIdx)
+	for idx := range maxIdx {
+		sidecar := &ethpb.DataColumnSidecar{
+			Index:                        idx,
+			Column:                       cells[idx],
+			KzgCommitments:               info.kzgCommitments,
+			KzgProofs:                    proofs[idx],
+			SignedBlockHeader:            info.signedBlockHeader,
+			KzgCommitmentsInclusionProof: info.kzgInclusionProof,
+		}
+
+		if len(sidecar.KzgCommitments) != len(sidecar.Column) || len(sidecar.KzgCommitments) != len(sidecar.KzgProofs) {
+			return nil, ErrSizeMismatch
+		}
+
+		roSidecar, err := blocks.NewRODataColumnWithRoot(sidecar, src.Root())
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "new ro data column")
+		}
+		roSidecars = append(roSidecars, roSidecar)
+	}
+
+	dataColumnComputationTime.Observe(float64(time.Since(start).Milliseconds()))
+	return roSidecars, nil
+}
+
+// Slot returns the slot of the source
+func (s *BlockReconstructionSource) Slot() primitives.Slot {
+	return s.Block().Slot()
+}
+
+// ProposerIndex returns the proposer index of the source
+func (s *BlockReconstructionSource) ProposerIndex() primitives.ValidatorIndex {
+	return s.Block().ProposerIndex()
+}
+
+// Commitments returns the blob KZG commitments of the source
+func (s *BlockReconstructionSource) Commitments() ([][]byte, error) {
+	c, err := s.Block().Body().BlobKzgCommitments()
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "blob KZG commitments")
+	}
+
+	return c, nil
+}
+
+// Type returns the type of the source
+func (s *BlockReconstructionSource) Type() string {
+	return BlockType
+}
+
+// extract extracts the block information from the source
+func (b *BlockReconstructionSource) extract() (*blockInfo, error) {
+	block := b.Block()
+
+	header, err := b.Header()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "header")
+	}
+
+	commitments, err := block.Body().BlobKzgCommitments()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "commitments")
+	}
+
+	inclusionProof, err := blocks.MerkleProofKZGCommitments(block.Body())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "merkle proof kzg commitments")
+	}
+
+	info := &blockInfo{
+		signedBlockHeader: header,
+		kzgCommitments:    commitments,
+		kzgInclusionProof: inclusionProof,
+	}
+
+	return info, nil
+}
+
+// rotateRowsToCols takes a 2D slice of cells and proofs, where the x is rows (blobs) and y is columns,
+// and returns a 2D slice where x is columns and y is rows.
+func rotateRowsToCols(rows []kzg.CellsAndProofs, numCols uint64) ([][][]byte, [][][]byte, error) {
+	if len(rows) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil, nil
+	}
+	cellCols := make([][][]byte, numCols)
+	proofCols := make([][][]byte, numCols)
+	for i, cp := range rows {
+		if uint64(len(cp.Cells)) != numCols {
+			return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(ErrNotEnoughDataColumnSidecars, "not enough cells")
+		}
+		if len(cp.Cells) != len(cp.Proofs) {
+			return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(ErrNotEnoughDataColumnSidecars, "not enough proofs")
+		}
+		for j := uint64(0); j < numCols; j++ {
+			if i == 0 {
+				cellCols[j] = make([][]byte, len(rows))
+				proofCols[j] = make([][]byte, len(rows))
+			}
+			cellCols[j][i] = cp.Cells[j][:]
+			proofCols[j][i] = cp.Proofs[j][:]
+		}
+	}
+	return cellCols, proofCols, nil
+}
+
+// Root returns the block root of the source
+func (s *SidecarReconstructionSource) Root() [fieldparams.RootLength]byte {
+	return s.BlockRoot()
+}
+
+// Commmitments returns the blob KZG commitments of the source
+func (s *SidecarReconstructionSource) Commitments() ([][]byte, error) {
+	return s.KzgCommitments, nil
+}
+
+// Type returns the type of the source
+func (s *SidecarReconstructionSource) Type() string {
+	return SidecarType
+}
+
+// extract extracts the block information from the source
+func (s *SidecarReconstructionSource) extract() (*blockInfo, error) {
+	info := &blockInfo{
+		signedBlockHeader: s.SignedBlockHeader,
+		kzgCommitments:    s.KzgCommitments,
+		kzgInclusionProof: s.KzgCommitmentsInclusionProof,
+	}
+
+	return info, nil
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/core/peerdas/validator_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/peerdas/validator_test.go
@@ -3,11 +3,15 @@ package peerdas_test
 import (
 	"testing"

+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/blockchain/kzg"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/peerdas"
 	state_native "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/state/state-native"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/require"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/util"
 )

 func TestValidatorsCustodyRequirement(t *testing.T) {
@@ -53,3 +57,218 @@ func TestValidatorsCustodyRequirement(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestDataColumnSidecars(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("sizes mismatch", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a protobuf signed beacon block.
+		signedBeaconBlockPb := util.NewBeaconBlockDeneb()
+
+		// Create a signed beacon block from the protobuf.
+		signedBeaconBlock, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(signedBeaconBlockPb)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Create cells and proofs.
+		cellsAndProofs := []kzg.CellsAndProofs{
+			{
+				Cells:  make([]kzg.Cell, params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns),
+				Proofs: make([]kzg.Proof, params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns),
+			},
+		}
+
+		rob, err := blocks.NewROBlock(signedBeaconBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		_, err = peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(cellsAndProofs, peerdas.PopulateFromBlock(rob))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, peerdas.ErrSizeMismatch)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("cells array too short for column index", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a Fulu block with a blob commitment.
+		signedBeaconBlockPb := util.NewBeaconBlockFulu()
+		signedBeaconBlockPb.Block.Body.BlobKzgCommitments = [][]byte{make([]byte, 48)}
+
+		// Create a signed beacon block from the protobuf.
+		signedBeaconBlock, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(signedBeaconBlockPb)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Create cells and proofs with insufficient cells for the number of columns.
+		// This simulates a scenario where cellsAndProofs has fewer cells than expected columns.
+		cellsAndProofs := []kzg.CellsAndProofs{
+			{
+				Cells:  make([]kzg.Cell, 10),  // Only 10 cells
+				Proofs: make([]kzg.Proof, 10), // Only 10 proofs
+			},
+		}
+
+		// This should fail because the function will try to access columns up to NumberOfColumns
+		// but we only have 10 cells/proofs.
+		rob, err := blocks.NewROBlock(signedBeaconBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		_, err = peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(cellsAndProofs, peerdas.PopulateFromBlock(rob))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, peerdas.ErrNotEnoughDataColumnSidecars)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("proofs array too short for column index", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a Fulu block with a blob commitment.
+		signedBeaconBlockPb := util.NewBeaconBlockFulu()
+		signedBeaconBlockPb.Block.Body.BlobKzgCommitments = [][]byte{make([]byte, 48)}
+
+		// Create a signed beacon block from the protobuf.
+		signedBeaconBlock, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(signedBeaconBlockPb)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Create cells and proofs with sufficient cells but insufficient proofs.
+		numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
+		cellsAndProofs := []kzg.CellsAndProofs{
+			{
+				Cells:  make([]kzg.Cell, numberOfColumns),
+				Proofs: make([]kzg.Proof, 5), // Only 5 proofs, less than columns
+			},
+		}
+
+		// This should fail when trying to access proof beyond index 4.
+		rob, err := blocks.NewROBlock(signedBeaconBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		_, err = peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(cellsAndProofs, peerdas.PopulateFromBlock(rob))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, peerdas.ErrNotEnoughDataColumnSidecars)
+		require.ErrorContains(t, "not enough proofs", err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nominal", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a Fulu block with blob commitments.
+		signedBeaconBlockPb := util.NewBeaconBlockFulu()
+		commitment1 := make([]byte, 48)
+		commitment2 := make([]byte, 48)
+
+		// Set different values to distinguish commitments
+		commitment1[0] = 0x01
+		commitment2[0] = 0x02
+		signedBeaconBlockPb.Block.Body.BlobKzgCommitments = [][]byte{commitment1, commitment2}
+
+		// Create a signed beacon block from the protobuf.
+		signedBeaconBlock, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(signedBeaconBlockPb)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Create cells and proofs with correct dimensions.
+		numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
+		cellsAndProofs := []kzg.CellsAndProofs{
+			{
+				Cells:  make([]kzg.Cell, numberOfColumns),
+				Proofs: make([]kzg.Proof, numberOfColumns),
+			},
+			{
+				Cells:  make([]kzg.Cell, numberOfColumns),
+				Proofs: make([]kzg.Proof, numberOfColumns),
+			},
+		}
+
+		// Set distinct values in cells and proofs for testing
+		for i := range numberOfColumns {
+			cellsAndProofs[0].Cells[i][0] = byte(i)
+			cellsAndProofs[0].Proofs[i][0] = byte(i)
+			cellsAndProofs[1].Cells[i][0] = byte(i + 128)
+			cellsAndProofs[1].Proofs[i][0] = byte(i + 128)
+		}
+
+		rob, err := blocks.NewROBlock(signedBeaconBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		sidecars, err := peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(cellsAndProofs, peerdas.PopulateFromBlock(rob))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, sidecars)
+		require.Equal(t, int(numberOfColumns), len(sidecars))
+
+		// Verify each sidecar has the expected structure
+		for i, sidecar := range sidecars {
+			require.Equal(t, uint64(i), sidecar.Index)
+			require.Equal(t, 2, len(sidecar.Column))
+			require.Equal(t, 2, len(sidecar.KzgCommitments))
+			require.Equal(t, 2, len(sidecar.KzgProofs))
+
+			// Verify commitments match what we set
+			require.DeepEqual(t, commitment1, sidecar.KzgCommitments[0])
+			require.DeepEqual(t, commitment2, sidecar.KzgCommitments[1])
+
+			// Verify column data comes from the correct cells
+			require.Equal(t, byte(i), sidecar.Column[0][0])
+			require.Equal(t, byte(i+128), sidecar.Column[1][0])
+
+			// Verify proofs come from the correct proofs
+			require.Equal(t, byte(i), sidecar.KzgProofs[0][0])
+			require.Equal(t, byte(i+128), sidecar.KzgProofs[1][0])
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReconstructionSource(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a Fulu block with blob commitments.
+	signedBeaconBlockPb := util.NewBeaconBlockFulu()
+	commitment1 := make([]byte, 48)
+	commitment2 := make([]byte, 48)
+
+	// Set different values to distinguish commitments
+	commitment1[0] = 0x01
+	commitment2[0] = 0x02
+	signedBeaconBlockPb.Block.Body.BlobKzgCommitments = [][]byte{commitment1, commitment2}
+
+	// Create a signed beacon block from the protobuf.
+	signedBeaconBlock, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(signedBeaconBlockPb)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create cells and proofs with correct dimensions.
+	numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
+	cellsAndProofs := []kzg.CellsAndProofs{
+		{
+			Cells:  make([]kzg.Cell, numberOfColumns),
+			Proofs: make([]kzg.Proof, numberOfColumns),
+		},
+		{
+			Cells:  make([]kzg.Cell, numberOfColumns),
+			Proofs: make([]kzg.Proof, numberOfColumns),
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Set distinct values in cells and proofs for testing
+	for i := range numberOfColumns {
+		cellsAndProofs[0].Cells[i][0] = byte(i)
+		cellsAndProofs[0].Proofs[i][0] = byte(i)
+		cellsAndProofs[1].Cells[i][0] = byte(i + 128)
+		cellsAndProofs[1].Proofs[i][0] = byte(i + 128)
+	}
+
+	rob, err := blocks.NewROBlock(signedBeaconBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	sidecars, err := peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(cellsAndProofs, peerdas.PopulateFromBlock(rob))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, sidecars)
+	require.Equal(t, int(numberOfColumns), len(sidecars))
+
+	t.Run("from block", func(t *testing.T) {
+		src := peerdas.PopulateFromBlock(rob)
+		require.Equal(t, rob.Block().Slot(), src.Slot())
+		require.Equal(t, rob.Root(), src.Root())
+		require.Equal(t, rob.Block().ProposerIndex(), src.ProposerIndex())
+
+		commitments, err := src.Commitments()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(commitments))
+		require.DeepEqual(t, commitment1, commitments[0])
+		require.DeepEqual(t, commitment2, commitments[1])
+
+		require.Equal(t, peerdas.BlockType, src.Type())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("from sidecar", func(t *testing.T) {
+		referenceSidecar := blocks.NewVerifiedRODataColumn(sidecars[0])
+		src := peerdas.PopulateFromSidecar(referenceSidecar)
+		require.Equal(t, referenceSidecar.Slot(), src.Slot())
+		require.Equal(t, referenceSidecar.BlockRoot(), src.Root())
+		require.Equal(t, referenceSidecar.ProposerIndex(), src.ProposerIndex())
+
+		commitments, err := src.Commitments()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(commitments))
+		require.DeepEqual(t, commitment1, commitments[0])
+		require.DeepEqual(t, commitment2, commitments[1])
+
+		require.Equal(t, peerdas.SidecarType, src.Type())
+	})
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/db/filesystem/blob.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/db/filesystem/blob.go
@@ -122,18 +122,18 @@ type BlobStorage struct {
 func (bs *BlobStorage) WarmCache() {
 	start := time.Now()
 	if bs.layoutName == LayoutNameFlat {
-		log.Info("Blob filesystem cache warm-up started. This may take a few minutes.")
+		log.Info("Blob filesystem cache warm-up started. This may take a few minutes")
 	} else {
-		log.Info("Blob filesystem cache warm-up started.")
+		log.Info("Blob filesystem cache warm-up started")
 	}

 	if err := warmCache(bs.layout, bs.cache); err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("Error encountered while warming up blob filesystem cache.")
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Error encountered while warming up blob filesystem cache")
 	}
 	if err := bs.migrateLayouts(); err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("Error encountered while migrating blob storage.")
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Error encountered while migrating blob storage")
 	}
-	log.WithField("elapsed", time.Since(start)).Info("Blob filesystem cache warm-up complete.")
+	log.WithField("elapsed", time.Since(start)).Info("Blob filesystem cache warm-up complete")
 }

 // If any blob storage directories are found for layouts besides the configured layout, migrate them.
--- a/beacon-chain/db/filesystem/data_column.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/db/filesystem/data_column.go
@@ -259,7 +259,6 @@ func (dcs *DataColumnStorage) Summary(root [fieldparams.RootLength]byte) DataCol
 }

 // Save saves data column sidecars into the database and asynchronously performs pruning.
-// The returned channel is closed when the pruning is complete.
 func (dcs *DataColumnStorage) Save(dataColumnSidecars []blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) error {
 	startTime := time.Now()

--- a/beacon-chain/db/slasherkv/pruning.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/db/slasherkv/pruning.go
@@ -4,17 +4,26 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/time/slots"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	bolt "go.etcd.io/bbolt"
 )

+var errTimeOut = errors.New("operation timed out")
+
 // PruneAttestationsAtEpoch deletes all attestations from the slasher DB with target epoch
 // less than or equal to the specified epoch.
 func (s *Store) PruneAttestationsAtEpoch(
-	_ context.Context, maxEpoch primitives.Epoch,
+	ctx context.Context, maxEpoch primitives.Epoch,
 ) (numPruned uint, err error) {
+	// In some cases, pruning may take a very long time and consume significant memory in the
+	// open Update transaction. Therefore, we impose a 1 minute timeout on this operation.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 1*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
 	// We can prune everything less than the current epoch - history length.
 	encodedEndPruneEpoch := make([]byte, 8)
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(encodedEndPruneEpoch, uint64(maxEpoch))
@@ -48,13 +57,18 @@ func (s *Store) PruneAttestationsAtEpoch(
 		return
 	}

-	if err = s.db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+	err = s.db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		signingRootsBkt := tx.Bucket(attestationDataRootsBucket)
 		attRecordsBkt := tx.Bucket(attestationRecordsBucket)
 		c := signingRootsBkt.Cursor()

 		// We begin a pruning iteration starting from the first item in the bucket.
 		for k, v := c.First(); k != nil; k, v = c.Next() {
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				// Exit the routine if the context has expired.
+				return errTimeOut
+			}
+
 			// We check the epoch from the current key in the database.
 			// If we have hit an epoch that is greater than the end epoch of the pruning process,
 			// we then completely exit the process as we are done.
@@ -67,18 +81,27 @@ func (s *Store) PruneAttestationsAtEpoch(
 			// so it is possible we have a few adjacent objects that have the same slot, such as
 			//  (target_epoch = 3 ++ _) => encode(attestation)
 			if err := signingRootsBkt.Delete(k); err != nil {
-				return err
+				return errors.Wrap(err, "delete attestation signing root")
 			}
 			if err := attRecordsBkt.Delete(v); err != nil {
-				return err
+				return errors.Wrap(err, "delete attestation record")
 			}
 			slasherAttestationsPrunedTotal.Inc()
 			numPruned++
 		}
 		return nil
-	}); err != nil {
+	})
+
+	if errors.Is(err, errTimeOut) {
+		log.Warning("Aborting pruning routine")
 		return
 	}
+
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Failed to prune attestations")
+		return
+	}
+
 	return
 }

--- a/beacon-chain/execution/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/execution/BUILD.bazel
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ go_library(
        "//testing/spectest:__subpackages__",
    ],
    deps = [
+        "//beacon-chain/blockchain/kzg:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/cache:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/cache/depositsnapshot:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/altair:go_default_library",
@@ -103,6 +104,7 @@ go_test(
        "//beacon-chain/core/feed:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/feed/state:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/helpers:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/core/peerdas:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/signing:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db/filesystem:go_default_library",
--- a/beacon-chain/execution/engine_client.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/execution/engine_client.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/blockchain/kzg"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/peerdas"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/execution/types"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/verification"
@@ -101,10 +102,7 @@ const (
 	defaultEngineTimeout = time.Second
 )

-var (
-	errInvalidPayloadBodyResponse  = errors.New("engine api payload body response is invalid")
-	errMissingBlobsAndProofsFromEL = errors.New("engine api payload body response is missing blobs and proofs")
-)
+var errInvalidPayloadBodyResponse = errors.New("engine api payload body response is invalid")

 // ForkchoiceUpdatedResponse is the response kind received by the
 // engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1 endpoint.
@@ -123,7 +121,7 @@ type Reconstructor interface {
 		ctx context.Context, blindedBlocks []interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock,
 	) ([]interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock, error)
 	ReconstructBlobSidecars(ctx context.Context, block interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock, blockRoot [fieldparams.RootLength]byte, hi func(uint64) bool) ([]blocks.VerifiedROBlob, error)
-	ReconstructDataColumnSidecars(ctx context.Context, block interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock, blockRoot [fieldparams.RootLength]byte) ([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, error)
+	ConstructDataColumnSidecars(ctx context.Context, populator peerdas.ConstructionPopulator) ([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, error)
 }

 // EngineCaller defines a client that can interact with an Ethereum
@@ -144,10 +142,9 @@ var ErrEmptyBlockHash = errors.New("Block hash is empty 0x0000...")
 func (s *Service) NewPayload(ctx context.Context, payload interfaces.ExecutionData, versionedHashes []common.Hash, parentBlockRoot *common.Hash, executionRequests *pb.ExecutionRequests) ([]byte, error) {
 	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "powchain.engine-api-client.NewPayload")
 	defer span.End()
-	start := time.Now()
-	defer func() {
+	defer func(start time.Time) {
 		newPayloadLatency.Observe(float64(time.Since(start).Milliseconds()))
-	}()
+	}(time.Now())

 	d := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(params.BeaconConfig().ExecutionEngineTimeoutValue) * time.Second)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(ctx, d)
@@ -185,7 +182,10 @@ func (s *Service) NewPayload(ctx context.Context, payload interfaces.ExecutionDa
 		return nil, errors.New("unknown execution data type")
 	}
 	if result.ValidationError != "" {
-		log.WithError(errors.New(result.ValidationError)).Error("Got a validation error in newPayload")
+		log.WithField("status", result.Status.String()).
+			WithField("parentRoot", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", parentBlockRoot)).
+			WithError(errors.New(result.ValidationError)).
+			Error("Got a validation error in newPayload")
 	}
 	switch result.Status {
 	case pb.PayloadStatus_INVALID_BLOCK_HASH:
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ func (s *Service) NewPayload(ctx context.Context, payload interfaces.ExecutionDa
 	case pb.PayloadStatus_VALID:
 		return result.LatestValidHash, nil
 	default:
-		return nil, ErrUnknownPayloadStatus
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(ErrUnknownPayloadStatus, "unknown payload status: %s", result.Status.String())
 	}
 }

@@ -651,22 +651,40 @@ func (s *Service) ReconstructBlobSidecars(ctx context.Context, block interfaces.
 	return verifiedBlobs, nil
 }

-// ReconstructDataColumnSidecars reconstructs the verified data column sidecars for a given beacon block.
-// It retrieves the KZG commitments from the block body, fetches the associated blobs and cell proofs from the EL,
-// and constructs the corresponding verified read-only data column sidecars.
-func (s *Service) ReconstructDataColumnSidecars(ctx context.Context, signedROBlock interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock, blockRoot [fieldparams.RootLength]byte) ([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, error) {
-	block := signedROBlock.Block()
+func (s *Service) ConstructDataColumnSidecars(ctx context.Context, populator peerdas.ConstructionPopulator) ([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, error) {
+	root := populator.Root()

-	log := log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-		"root": fmt.Sprintf("%#x", blockRoot),
-		"slot": block.Slot(),
-	})
-
-	kzgCommitments, err := block.Body().BlobKzgCommitments()
+	// Fetch cells and proofs from the execution client using the KZG commitments from the sidecar.
+	commitments, err := populator.Commitments()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, wrapWithBlockRoot(err, blockRoot, "blob KZG commitments")
+		return nil, wrapWithBlockRoot(err, root, "commitments")
 	}

+	cellsAndProofs, err := s.fetchCellsAndProofsFromExecution(ctx, commitments)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, wrapWithBlockRoot(err, root, "fetch cells and proofs from execution client")
+	}
+
+	// Return early if nothing is returned from the EL.
+	if len(cellsAndProofs) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	// Construct data column sidears from the signed block and cells and proofs.
+	roSidecars, err := peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(cellsAndProofs, populator)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, wrapWithBlockRoot(err, populator.Root(), "data column sidcars from column sidecar")
+	}
+
+	// Upgrade the sidecars to verified sidecars.
+	// We trust the execution layer we are connected to, so we can upgrade the sidecar into a verified one.
+	verifiedROSidecars := upgradeSidecarsToVerifiedSidecars(roSidecars)
+
+	return verifiedROSidecars, nil
+}
+
+// fetchCellsAndProofsFromExecution fetches cells and proofs from the execution client (using engine_getBlobsV2 execution API method)
+func (s *Service) fetchCellsAndProofsFromExecution(ctx context.Context, kzgCommitments [][]byte) ([]kzg.CellsAndProofs, error) {
 	// Collect KZG hashes for all blobs.
 	versionedHashes := make([]common.Hash, 0, len(kzgCommitments))
 	for _, commitment := range kzgCommitments {
@@ -677,47 +695,32 @@ func (s *Service) ReconstructDataColumnSidecars(ctx context.Context, signedROBlo
 	// Fetch all blobsAndCellsProofs from the execution client.
 	blobAndProofV2s, err := s.GetBlobsV2(ctx, versionedHashes)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, wrapWithBlockRoot(err, blockRoot, "get blobs V2")
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "get blobs V2")
 	}

 	// Return early if nothing is returned from the EL.
 	if len(blobAndProofV2s) == 0 {
-		log.Debug("No blobs returned from execution client")
 		return nil, nil
 	}

-	// Extract the blobs and proofs from the blobAndProofV2s.
-	blobs, cellProofs := make([][]byte, 0, len(blobAndProofV2s)), make([][]byte, 0, len(blobAndProofV2s))
-	for _, blobsAndProofs := range blobAndProofV2s {
-		if blobsAndProofs == nil {
-			return nil, wrapWithBlockRoot(errMissingBlobsAndProofsFromEL, blockRoot, "")
-		}
-
-		blobs, cellProofs = append(blobs, blobsAndProofs.Blob), append(cellProofs, blobsAndProofs.KzgProofs...)
-	}
-
-	// Construct the data column sidcars from the blobs and cell proofs provided by the execution client.
-	dataColumnSidecars, err := peerdas.ConstructDataColumnSidecars(signedROBlock, blobs, cellProofs)
+	// Compute cells and proofs from the blobs and cell proofs.
+	cellsAndProofs, err := peerdas.ComputeCellsAndProofsFromStructured(blobAndProofV2s)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, wrapWithBlockRoot(err, blockRoot, "construct data column sidecars")
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "compute cells and proofs")
 	}

-	// Finally, construct verified RO data column sidecars.
-	// We trust the execution layer we are connected to, so we can upgrade the read only data column sidecar into a verified one.
-	verifiedRODataColumns := make([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, 0, len(dataColumnSidecars))
-	for _, dataColumnSidecar := range dataColumnSidecars {
-		roDataColumn, err := blocks.NewRODataColumnWithRoot(dataColumnSidecar, blockRoot)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, wrapWithBlockRoot(err, blockRoot, "new read-only data column with root")
-		}
+	return cellsAndProofs, nil
+}

-		verifiedRODataColumn := blocks.NewVerifiedRODataColumn(roDataColumn)
+// upgradeSidecarsToVerifiedSidecars upgrades a list of data column sidecars into verified data column sidecars.
+func upgradeSidecarsToVerifiedSidecars(roSidecars []blocks.RODataColumn) []blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn {
+	verifiedRODataColumns := make([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, 0, len(roSidecars))
+	for _, roSidecar := range roSidecars {
+		verifiedRODataColumn := blocks.NewVerifiedRODataColumn(roSidecar)
 		verifiedRODataColumns = append(verifiedRODataColumns, verifiedRODataColumn)
 	}

-	log.Debug("Data columns successfully reconstructed from the execution client")
-
-	return verifiedRODataColumns, nil
+	return verifiedRODataColumns
 }

 func fullPayloadFromPayloadBody(
@@ -1009,6 +1012,6 @@ func toBlockNumArg(number *big.Int) string {
 }

 // wrapWithBlockRoot returns a new error with the given block root.
-func wrapWithBlockRoot(err error, blockRoot [32]byte, message string) error {
+func wrapWithBlockRoot(err error, blockRoot [fieldparams.RootLength]byte, message string) error {
 	return errors.Wrap(err, fmt.Sprintf("%s for block %#x", message, blockRoot))
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/execution/engine_client_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/execution/engine_client_test.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/blockchain/kzg"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/peerdas"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/filesystem"
 	mocks "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/execution/testing"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/verification"
@@ -927,7 +928,7 @@ func TestClient_HTTP(t *testing.T) {
 		wrappedPayload, err := blocks.WrappedExecutionPayload(execPayload)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		resp, err := client.NewPayload(ctx, wrappedPayload, []common.Hash{}, &common.Hash{}, nil)
-		require.ErrorIs(t, ErrUnknownPayloadStatus, err)
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUnknownPayloadStatus)
 		require.DeepEqual(t, []uint8(nil), resp)
 	})
 	t.Run(BlockByNumberMethod, func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -2556,7 +2557,7 @@ func TestReconstructBlobSidecars(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }

-func TestReconstructDataColumnSidecars(t *testing.T) {
+func TestConstructDataColumnSidecars(t *testing.T) {
 	// Start the trusted setup.
 	err := kzg.Start()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -2580,11 +2581,14 @@ func TestReconstructDataColumnSidecars(t *testing.T) {
 	sb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

+	roBlock, err := blocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(sb, r)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
 	ctx := context.Background()

 	t.Run("GetBlobsV2 is not supported", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := client.ReconstructDataColumnSidecars(ctx, sb, r)
-		require.ErrorContains(t, "get blobs V2 for block", err)
+		_, err := client.ConstructDataColumnSidecars(ctx, peerdas.PopulateFromBlock(roBlock))
+		require.ErrorContains(t, "engine_getBlobsV2 is not supported", err)
 	})

 	t.Run("nothing received", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -2594,7 +2598,7 @@ func TestReconstructDataColumnSidecars(t *testing.T) {
 		rpcClient, client := setupRpcClientV2(t, srv.URL, client)
 		defer rpcClient.Close()

-		dataColumns, err := client.ReconstructDataColumnSidecars(ctx, sb, r)
+		dataColumns, err := client.ConstructDataColumnSidecars(ctx, peerdas.PopulateFromBlock(roBlock))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.Equal(t, 0, len(dataColumns))
 	})
@@ -2607,23 +2611,22 @@ func TestReconstructDataColumnSidecars(t *testing.T) {
 		rpcClient, client := setupRpcClientV2(t, srv.URL, client)
 		defer rpcClient.Close()

-		dataColumns, err := client.ReconstructDataColumnSidecars(ctx, sb, r)
+		dataColumns, err := client.ConstructDataColumnSidecars(ctx, peerdas.PopulateFromBlock(roBlock))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.Equal(t, 128, len(dataColumns))
 	})

-	t.Run("missing some blobs", func(t *testing.T) {
-		blobMasks := []bool{false, true, true, true, true, true}
-		srv := createBlobServerV2(t, 6, blobMasks)
-		defer srv.Close()
+	// t.Run("missing some blobs", func(t *testing.T) {
+	// 	blobMasks := []bool{false, true, true, true, true, true}
+	// 	srv := createBlobServerV2(t, 6, blobMasks)
+	// 	defer srv.Close()

-		rpcClient, client := setupRpcClientV2(t, srv.URL, client)
-		defer rpcClient.Close()
+	// 	rpcClient, client := setupRpcClientV2(t, srv.URL, client)
+	// 	defer rpcClient.Close()

-		dataColumns, err := client.ReconstructDataColumnSidecars(ctx, sb, r)
-		require.ErrorContains(t, errMissingBlobsAndProofsFromEL.Error(), err)
-		require.Equal(t, 0, len(dataColumns))
-	})
+	// 	_, err := client.ConstructDataColumnSidecars(ctx, peerdas.PopulateFromBlock(roBlock))
+	// 	require.ErrorContains(t, "fetch cells and proofs from execution client", err)
+	// })
 }

 func createRandomKzgCommitments(t *testing.T, num int) [][]byte {
--- a/beacon-chain/execution/testing/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/execution/testing/BUILD.bazel
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ go_library(
    ],
    deps = [
        "//async/event:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/core/peerdas:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/execution/types:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/state:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/state/state-native:go_default_library",
--- a/beacon-chain/execution/testing/mock_engine_client.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/execution/testing/mock_engine_client.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"math/big"

+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/peerdas"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
@@ -116,7 +117,8 @@ func (e *EngineClient) ReconstructBlobSidecars(context.Context, interfaces.ReadO
 	return e.BlobSidecars, e.ErrorBlobSidecars
 }

-func (e *EngineClient) ReconstructDataColumnSidecars(context.Context, interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock, [fieldparams.RootLength]byte) ([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, error) {
+// ConstructDataColumnSidecars is a mock implementation of the ConstructDataColumnSidecars method.
+func (e *EngineClient) ConstructDataColumnSidecars(context.Context, peerdas.ConstructionPopulator) ([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, error) {
 	return e.DataColumnSidecars, e.ErrorDataColumnSidecars
 }

--- a/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree/forkchoice.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree/forkchoice.go
@@ -463,22 +463,20 @@ func (f *ForkChoice) CommonAncestor(ctx context.Context, r1 [32]byte, r2 [32]byt
 }

 // InsertChain inserts all nodes corresponding to blocks in the slice
-// `blocks`. This slice must be ordered from child to parent. It includes all
-// blocks **except** the first one (that is the one with the highest slot
-// number). All blocks are assumed to be a strict chain
-// where blocks[i].Parent = blocks[i+1]. Also, we assume that the parent of the
-// last block in this list is already included in forkchoice store.
+// `blocks`. This slice must be ordered in increasing slot order and
+// each consecutive entry must be a child of the previous one.
+// The parent of the first block in this list must already be present in forkchoice.
 func (f *ForkChoice) InsertChain(ctx context.Context, chain []*forkchoicetypes.BlockAndCheckpoints) error {
 	if len(chain) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	for i := len(chain) - 1; i > 0; i-- {
+	for _, bcp := range chain {
 		if _, err := f.store.insert(ctx,
-			chain[i].Block,
-			chain[i].JustifiedCheckpoint.Epoch, chain[i].FinalizedCheckpoint.Epoch); err != nil {
+			bcp.Block,
+			bcp.JustifiedCheckpoint.Epoch, bcp.FinalizedCheckpoint.Epoch); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		if err := f.updateCheckpoints(ctx, chain[i].JustifiedCheckpoint, chain[i].FinalizedCheckpoint); err != nil {
+		if err := f.updateCheckpoints(ctx, bcp.JustifiedCheckpoint, bcp.FinalizedCheckpoint); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
--- a/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree/forkchoice_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree/forkchoice_test.go
@@ -630,14 +630,15 @@ func TestStore_InsertChain(t *testing.T) {
 			FinalizedCheckpoint: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 1, Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]},
 		})
 	}
-	args := make([]*forkchoicetypes.BlockAndCheckpoints, 10)
-	for i := 0; i < len(blks); i++ {
-		args[i] = blks[10-i-1]
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, f.InsertChain(t.Context(), args))
+	// InsertChain now expects blocks in increasing slot order
+	require.NoError(t, f.InsertChain(t.Context(), blks))

+	// Test partial insertion: first insert the foundation blocks, then a subset
 	f = setup(1, 1)
-	require.NoError(t, f.InsertChain(t.Context(), args[2:]))
+	// Insert first 2 blocks to establish a chain from genesis
+	require.NoError(t, f.InsertChain(t.Context(), blks[:2]))
+	// Then insert the remaining blocks
+	require.NoError(t, f.InsertChain(t.Context(), blks[2:]))
 }

 func TestForkChoice_UpdateCheckpoints(t *testing.T) {
--- a/beacon-chain/core/light-client/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/light-client/BUILD.bazel
@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@ load("@prysm//tools/go:def.bzl", "go_library", "go_test")
 go_library(
    name = "go_default_library",
    srcs = [
+        "cache.go",
        "helpers.go",
        "lightclient.go",
        "store.go",
    ],
-    importpath = "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/light-client",
+    importpath = "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/light-client",
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
    deps = [
        "//async/event:go_default_library",
@@ -38,25 +39,30 @@ go_library(
 go_test(
    name = "go_default_test",
    srcs = [
+        "cache_test.go",
        "lightclient_test.go",
        "store_test.go",
    ],
+    embed = [":go_default_library"],
    deps = [
-        ":go_default_library",
        "//async/event:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/db:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db/testing:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/p2p/testing:go_default_library",
        "//config/fieldparams:go_default_library",
        "//config/params:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/interfaces:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types/light-client:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/primitives:go_default_library",
        "//encoding/ssz:go_default_library",
        "//proto/engine/v1:go_default_library",
        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
        "//runtime/version:go_default_library",
        "//testing/require:go_default_library",
        "//testing/util:go_default_library",
+        "//time/slots:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_pkg_errors//:go_default_library",
    ],
 )
--- a/beacon-chain/light-client/cache.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/light-client/cache.go
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package light_client
+
+import (
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
+)
+
+// cache tracks LC data over the non finalized chain for different branches.
+type cache struct {
+	items map[[32]byte]*cacheItem
+}
+
+// cacheItem represents the LC data for a block. It tracks the best update and finality update seen in that branch.
+type cacheItem struct {
+	parent             *cacheItem      // parent item in the cache, can be nil
+	period             uint64          // sync committee period
+	slot               primitives.Slot // slot of the signature block
+	bestUpdate         interfaces.LightClientUpdate
+	bestFinalityUpdate interfaces.LightClientFinalityUpdate
+}
+
+func newLightClientCache() *cache {
+	return &cache{
+		items: make(map[[32]byte]*cacheItem),
+	}
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/light-client/cache_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/light-client/cache_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package light_client
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/require"
+)
+
+func TestLCCache(t *testing.T) {
+	lcCache := newLightClientCache()
+	require.NotNil(t, lcCache)
+
+	item := &cacheItem{
+		period:             5,
+		bestUpdate:         nil,
+		bestFinalityUpdate: nil,
+	}
+
+	blkRoot := [32]byte{4, 5, 6}
+
+	lcCache.items[blkRoot] = item
+
+	require.Equal(t, item, lcCache.items[blkRoot], "Expected to find the item in the cache")
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/core/light-client/helpers.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/light-client/helpers.go
--- a/beacon-chain/core/light-client/lightclient.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/light-client/lightclient.go
@@ -592,6 +592,10 @@ func HasFinality(update interfaces.LightClientUpdate) (bool, error) {
 }

 func IsBetterUpdate(newUpdate, oldUpdate interfaces.LightClientUpdate) (bool, error) {
+	if oldUpdate == nil || oldUpdate.IsNil() {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
 	maxActiveParticipants := newUpdate.SyncAggregate().SyncCommitteeBits.Len()
 	newNumActiveParticipants := newUpdate.SyncAggregate().SyncCommitteeBits.Count()
 	oldNumActiveParticipants := oldUpdate.SyncAggregate().SyncCommitteeBits.Count()
@@ -778,7 +782,7 @@ func IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast(newUpdate, oldUpdate interfaces.LightClie
 // This does not concern broadcasting, but rather the decision of whether to save the new update.
 // For broadcasting checks, use IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast.
 func IsBetterFinalityUpdate(newUpdate, oldUpdate interfaces.LightClientFinalityUpdate) bool {
-	if oldUpdate == nil {
+	if oldUpdate == nil || oldUpdate.IsNil() {
 		return true
 	}

@@ -804,7 +808,7 @@ func IsBetterFinalityUpdate(newUpdate, oldUpdate interfaces.LightClientFinalityU
 }

 func IsBetterOptimisticUpdate(newUpdate, oldUpdate interfaces.LightClientOptimisticUpdate) bool {
-	if oldUpdate == nil {
+	if oldUpdate == nil || oldUpdate.IsNil() {
 		return true
 	}
 	// The attested_header.beacon.slot is greater than that of all previously forwarded optimistic updates
--- a/beacon-chain/core/light-client/lightclient_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/light-client/lightclient_test.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	light_client "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/light-client"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/runtime/version"

-	lightClient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/light-client"
+	lightClient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/light-client"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
 	consensustypes "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
--- a/beacon-chain/light-client/store.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/light-client/store.go
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+package light_client
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/async/event"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/feed"
+	statefeed "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/iface"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/p2p"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/state"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/time/slots"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+var ErrLightClientBootstrapNotFound = errors.New("light client bootstrap not found")
+
+type Store struct {
+	mu sync.RWMutex
+
+	beaconDB             iface.HeadAccessDatabase
+	lastFinalityUpdate   interfaces.LightClientFinalityUpdate   // tracks the best finality update seen so far
+	lastOptimisticUpdate interfaces.LightClientOptimisticUpdate // tracks the best optimistic update seen so far
+	p2p                  p2p.Accessor
+	stateFeed            event.SubscriberSender
+	cache                *cache // non finality cache
+}
+
+func NewLightClientStore(p p2p.Accessor, e event.SubscriberSender, db iface.HeadAccessDatabase) *Store {
+	return &Store{
+		beaconDB:  db,
+		p2p:       p,
+		stateFeed: e,
+		cache:     newLightClientCache(),
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Store) SaveLCData(ctx context.Context,
+	state state.BeaconState,
+	block interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock,
+	attestedState state.BeaconState,
+	attestedBlock interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock,
+	finalizedBlock interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock,
+	headBlockRoot [32]byte) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// compute required data
+	update, err := NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(ctx, state, block, attestedState, attestedBlock, finalizedBlock)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to create light client update")
+	}
+	finalityUpdate, err := NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(ctx, state, block, attestedState, attestedBlock, finalizedBlock)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to create light client finality update")
+	}
+	optimisticUpdate, err := NewLightClientOptimisticUpdateFromBeaconState(ctx, state, block, attestedState, attestedBlock)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to create light client optimistic update")
+	}
+	period := slots.SyncCommitteePeriod(slots.ToEpoch(update.AttestedHeader().Beacon().Slot))
+	blockRoot, err := attestedBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to compute attested block root")
+	}
+	parentRoot := [32]byte(update.AttestedHeader().Beacon().ParentRoot)
+	signatureBlockRoot, err := block.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to compute signature block root")
+	}
+
+	newBlockIsHead := signatureBlockRoot == headBlockRoot
+
+	// create the new cache item
+	newCacheItem := &cacheItem{
+		period: period,
+		slot:   attestedBlock.Block().Slot(),
+	}
+
+	// check if parent exists in cache
+	parentItem, ok := s.cache.items[parentRoot]
+	if ok {
+		newCacheItem.parent = parentItem
+	} else {
+		// if not, create an item for the parent, but don't need to save it since it's the accumulated best update and is just used for comparison
+		bestUpdateSoFar, err := s.beaconDB.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period)
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get best light client update for period %d", period)
+		}
+		parentItem = &cacheItem{
+			period:             period,
+			bestUpdate:         bestUpdateSoFar,
+			bestFinalityUpdate: s.lastFinalityUpdate,
+		}
+	}
+
+	// if at a period boundary, no need to compare data, just save new ones
+	if parentItem.period != period {
+		newCacheItem.bestUpdate = update
+		newCacheItem.bestFinalityUpdate = finalityUpdate
+		s.cache.items[blockRoot] = newCacheItem
+
+		s.setLastOptimisticUpdate(optimisticUpdate, true)
+
+		// if the new block is not head, we don't want to change our lastFinalityUpdate
+		if newBlockIsHead {
+			s.setLastFinalityUpdate(finalityUpdate, true)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// if in the same period, compare updates
+	isUpdateBetter, err := IsBetterUpdate(update, parentItem.bestUpdate)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not compare light client updates")
+	}
+	if isUpdateBetter {
+		newCacheItem.bestUpdate = update
+	} else {
+		newCacheItem.bestUpdate = parentItem.bestUpdate
+	}
+
+	isBetterFinalityUpdate := IsBetterFinalityUpdate(finalityUpdate, parentItem.bestFinalityUpdate)
+	if isBetterFinalityUpdate {
+		newCacheItem.bestFinalityUpdate = finalityUpdate
+	} else {
+		newCacheItem.bestFinalityUpdate = parentItem.bestFinalityUpdate
+	}
+
+	// save new item in cache
+	s.cache.items[blockRoot] = newCacheItem
+
+	// save lastOptimisticUpdate if better
+	if isBetterOptimisticUpdate := IsBetterOptimisticUpdate(optimisticUpdate, s.lastOptimisticUpdate); isBetterOptimisticUpdate {
+		s.setLastOptimisticUpdate(optimisticUpdate, true)
+	}
+
+	// if the new block is considered the head, set the last finality update
+	if newBlockIsHead {
+		s.setLastFinalityUpdate(newCacheItem.bestFinalityUpdate, isBetterFinalityUpdate)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) LightClientBootstrap(ctx context.Context, blockRoot [32]byte) (interfaces.LightClientBootstrap, error) {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	// Fetch the light client bootstrap from the database
+	bootstrap, err := s.beaconDB.LightClientBootstrap(ctx, blockRoot[:])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if bootstrap == nil { // not found
+		return nil, ErrLightClientBootstrapNotFound
+	}
+
+	return bootstrap, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) SaveLightClientBootstrap(ctx context.Context, blockRoot [32]byte, state state.BeaconState) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	blk, err := s.beaconDB.Block(ctx, blockRoot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to fetch block for root %x", blockRoot)
+	}
+	if blk == nil {
+		return errors.Errorf("nil block for root %x", blockRoot)
+	}
+
+	bootstrap, err := NewLightClientBootstrapFromBeaconState(ctx, state.Slot(), state, blk)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to create light client bootstrap for block root %x", blockRoot)
+	}
+
+	// Save the light client bootstrap to the database
+	if err := s.beaconDB.SaveLightClientBootstrap(ctx, blockRoot[:], bootstrap); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) LightClientUpdates(ctx context.Context, startPeriod, endPeriod uint64, headBlock interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock) ([]interfaces.LightClientUpdate, error) {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	// Fetch the light client updatesMap from the database
+	updatesMap, err := s.beaconDB.LightClientUpdates(ctx, startPeriod, endPeriod)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to get updates from the database")
+	}
+
+	cacheUpdatesByPeriod, err := s.getCacheUpdatesByPeriod(headBlock)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to get updates from cache")
+	}
+
+	for period, update := range cacheUpdatesByPeriod {
+		updatesMap[period] = update
+	}
+
+	var updates []interfaces.LightClientUpdate
+
+	for i := startPeriod; i <= endPeriod; i++ {
+		update, ok := updatesMap[i]
+		if !ok {
+			// Only return the first contiguous range of updates
+			break
+		}
+		updates = append(updates, update)
+	}
+
+	return updates, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) LightClientUpdate(ctx context.Context, period uint64, headBlock interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock) (interfaces.LightClientUpdate, error) {
+	// we don't need to lock here because the LightClientUpdates method locks the store
+	updates, err := s.LightClientUpdates(ctx, period, period, headBlock)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to get light client update for period %d", period)
+	}
+	if len(updates) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return updates[0], nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) getCacheUpdatesByPeriod(headBlock interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock) (map[uint64]interfaces.LightClientUpdate, error) {
+	updatesByPeriod := make(map[uint64]interfaces.LightClientUpdate)
+
+	cacheHeadRoot := headBlock.Block().ParentRoot()
+
+	cacheHeadItem, ok := s.cache.items[cacheHeadRoot]
+	if !ok {
+		log.Debugf("Head root %x not found in light client cache. Returning empty updates map for non finality cache.", cacheHeadRoot)
+		return updatesByPeriod, nil
+	}
+
+	for cacheHeadItem != nil {
+		if _, exists := updatesByPeriod[cacheHeadItem.period]; !exists {
+			updatesByPeriod[cacheHeadItem.period] = cacheHeadItem.bestUpdate
+		}
+		cacheHeadItem = cacheHeadItem.parent
+	}
+
+	return updatesByPeriod, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) SetLastFinalityUpdate(update interfaces.LightClientFinalityUpdate, broadcast bool) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	s.setLastFinalityUpdate(update, broadcast)
+}
+
+func (s *Store) setLastFinalityUpdate(update interfaces.LightClientFinalityUpdate, broadcast bool) {
+	if broadcast && IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast(update, s.lastFinalityUpdate) {
+		if err := s.p2p.BroadcastLightClientFinalityUpdate(context.Background(), update); err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Error("Could not broadcast light client finality update")
+		}
+	}
+
+	s.lastFinalityUpdate = update
+	log.Debug("Saved new light client finality update")
+
+	s.stateFeed.Send(&feed.Event{
+		Type: statefeed.LightClientFinalityUpdate,
+		Data: update,
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *Store) LastFinalityUpdate() interfaces.LightClientFinalityUpdate {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+	return s.lastFinalityUpdate
+}
+
+func (s *Store) SetLastOptimisticUpdate(update interfaces.LightClientOptimisticUpdate, broadcast bool) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	s.setLastOptimisticUpdate(update, broadcast)
+}
+
+func (s *Store) setLastOptimisticUpdate(update interfaces.LightClientOptimisticUpdate, broadcast bool) {
+	if broadcast {
+		if err := s.p2p.BroadcastLightClientOptimisticUpdate(context.Background(), update); err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Error("Could not broadcast light client optimistic update")
+		}
+	}
+
+	s.lastOptimisticUpdate = update
+	log.Debug("Saved new light client optimistic update")
+
+	s.stateFeed.Send(&feed.Event{
+		Type: statefeed.LightClientOptimisticUpdate,
+		Data: update,
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *Store) LastOptimisticUpdate() interfaces.LightClientOptimisticUpdate {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+	return s.lastOptimisticUpdate
+}
+
+func (s *Store) MigrateToCold(ctx context.Context, finalizedRoot [32]byte) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// If there cache is empty (some problem in processing data), we can skip migration.
+	// This is a safety check and should not happen in normal operation.
+	if len(s.cache.items) == 0 {
+		log.Debug("Non-finality cache is empty. Skipping migration.")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	blk, err := s.beaconDB.Block(ctx, finalizedRoot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to fetch block for finalized root %x", finalizedRoot)
+	}
+	if blk == nil {
+		return errors.Errorf("nil block for finalized root %x", finalizedRoot)
+	}
+	finalizedSlot := blk.Block().Slot()
+	finalizedCacheHeadRoot := blk.Block().ParentRoot()
+
+	var finalizedCacheHead *cacheItem
+	var ok bool
+
+	finalizedCacheHead, ok = s.cache.items[finalizedCacheHeadRoot]
+	if !ok {
+		log.Debugf("Finalized block's parent root %x not found in light client cache. Cleaning the broken part of the cache.", finalizedCacheHeadRoot)
+
+		// delete non-finality cache items older than finalized slot
+		s.cleanCache(finalizedSlot)
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	updateByPeriod := make(map[uint64]interfaces.LightClientUpdate)
+	// Traverse the cache from the head item to the tail, collecting updates
+	for item := finalizedCacheHead; item != nil; item = item.parent {
+		if _, seen := updateByPeriod[item.period]; seen {
+			// We already have an update for this period, skip this item
+			continue
+		}
+		updateByPeriod[item.period] = item.bestUpdate
+	}
+
+	// save updates to db
+	for period, update := range updateByPeriod {
+		err = s.beaconDB.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, period, update)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Errorf("failed to save light client update for period %d. Skipping this period.", period)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// delete non-finality cache items older than finalized slot
+	s.cleanCache(finalizedSlot)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) cleanCache(finalizedSlot primitives.Slot) {
+	// delete non-finality cache items older than finalized slot
+	for k, v := range s.cache.items {
+		if v.slot < finalizedSlot {
+			delete(s.cache.items, k)
+		}
+		if v.parent != nil && v.parent.slot < finalizedSlot {
+			v.parent = nil // remove parent reference
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/light-client/store_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/light-client/store_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,959 @@
+package light_client
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/async/event"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db"
+	testDB "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/testing"
+	p2pTesting "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/p2p/testing"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
+	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/runtime/version"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/require"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/util"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/time/slots"
+)
+
+func TestLightClientStore(t *testing.T) {
+	params.SetupTestConfigCleanup(t)
+	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
+	cfg.AltairForkEpoch = 1
+	cfg.BellatrixForkEpoch = 2
+	cfg.CapellaForkEpoch = 3
+	cfg.DenebForkEpoch = 4
+	cfg.ElectraForkEpoch = 5
+	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(cfg)
+
+	// Initialize the light client store
+	lcStore := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), testDB.SetupDB(t))
+
+	// Create test light client updates for Capella and Deneb
+	lCapella := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Capella)
+	opUpdateCapella, err := NewLightClientOptimisticUpdateFromBeaconState(lCapella.Ctx, lCapella.State, lCapella.Block, lCapella.AttestedState, lCapella.AttestedBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, opUpdateCapella, "OptimisticUpdateCapella is nil")
+	finUpdateCapella, err := NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(lCapella.Ctx, lCapella.State, lCapella.Block, lCapella.AttestedState, lCapella.AttestedBlock, lCapella.FinalizedBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, finUpdateCapella, "FinalityUpdateCapella is nil")
+
+	lDeneb := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Deneb)
+	opUpdateDeneb, err := NewLightClientOptimisticUpdateFromBeaconState(lDeneb.Ctx, lDeneb.State, lDeneb.Block, lDeneb.AttestedState, lDeneb.AttestedBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, opUpdateDeneb, "OptimisticUpdateDeneb is nil")
+	finUpdateDeneb, err := NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(lDeneb.Ctx, lDeneb.State, lDeneb.Block, lDeneb.AttestedState, lDeneb.AttestedBlock, lDeneb.FinalizedBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, finUpdateDeneb, "FinalityUpdateDeneb is nil")
+
+	// Initially the store should have nil values for both updates
+	require.IsNil(t, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate should be nil")
+	require.IsNil(t, lcStore.LastOptimisticUpdate(), "lastOptimisticUpdate should be nil")
+
+	// Set and get finality with Capella update. Optimistic update should be nil
+	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(finUpdateCapella, false)
+	require.Equal(t, finUpdateCapella, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate is wrong")
+	require.IsNil(t, lcStore.LastOptimisticUpdate(), "lastOptimisticUpdate should be nil")
+
+	// Set and get optimistic with Capella update. Finality update should be Capella
+	lcStore.SetLastOptimisticUpdate(opUpdateCapella, false)
+	require.Equal(t, opUpdateCapella, lcStore.LastOptimisticUpdate(), "lastOptimisticUpdate is wrong")
+	require.Equal(t, finUpdateCapella, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate is wrong")
+
+	// Set and get finality and optimistic with Deneb update
+	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(finUpdateDeneb, false)
+	lcStore.SetLastOptimisticUpdate(opUpdateDeneb, false)
+	require.Equal(t, finUpdateDeneb, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate is wrong")
+	require.Equal(t, opUpdateDeneb, lcStore.LastOptimisticUpdate(), "lastOptimisticUpdate is wrong")
+}
+
+func TestLightClientStore_SetLastFinalityUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	p2p := p2pTesting.NewTestP2P(t)
+	lcStore := NewLightClientStore(p2p, new(event.Feed), testDB.SetupDB(t))
+
+	// update 0 with basic data and no supermajority following an empty lastFinalityUpdate - should save and broadcast
+	l0 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair)
+	update0, err := NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l0.Ctx, l0.State, l0.Block, l0.AttestedState, l0.AttestedBlock, l0.FinalizedBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create light client finality update")
+
+	require.Equal(t, true, IsBetterFinalityUpdate(update0, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate()), "update0 should be better than nil")
+	// update0 should be valid for broadcast - meaning it should be broadcasted
+	require.Equal(t, true, IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast(update0, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate()), "update0 should be valid for broadcast")
+
+	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(update0, true)
+	require.Equal(t, update0, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate should match the set value")
+	require.Equal(t, true, p2p.BroadcastCalled.Load(), "Broadcast should have been called after setting a new last finality update when previous is nil")
+	p2p.BroadcastCalled.Store(false) // Reset for next test
+
+	// update 1 with same finality slot, increased attested slot, and no supermajority - should save but not broadcast
+	l1 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(1))
+	update1, err := NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l1.Ctx, l1.State, l1.Block, l1.AttestedState, l1.AttestedBlock, l1.FinalizedBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create light client finality update")
+
+	require.Equal(t, true, IsBetterFinalityUpdate(update1, update0), "update1 should be better than update0")
+	// update1 should not be valid for broadcast - meaning it should not be broadcasted
+	require.Equal(t, false, IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast(update1, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate()), "update1 should not be valid for broadcast")
+
+	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(update1, true)
+	require.Equal(t, update1, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate should match the set value")
+	require.Equal(t, false, p2p.BroadcastCalled.Load(), "Broadcast should not have been called after setting a new last finality update without supermajority")
+	p2p.BroadcastCalled.Store(false) // Reset for next test
+
+	// update 2 with same finality slot, increased attested slot, and supermajority - should save and broadcast
+	l2 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(2), util.WithSupermajority(0))
+	update2, err := NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l2.Ctx, l2.State, l2.Block, l2.AttestedState, l2.AttestedBlock, l2.FinalizedBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create light client finality update")
+
+	require.Equal(t, true, IsBetterFinalityUpdate(update2, update1), "update2 should be better than update1")
+	// update2 should be valid for broadcast - meaning it should be broadcasted
+	require.Equal(t, true, IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast(update2, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate()), "update2 should be valid for broadcast")
+
+	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(update2, true)
+	require.Equal(t, update2, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate should match the set value")
+	require.Equal(t, true, p2p.BroadcastCalled.Load(), "Broadcast should have been called after setting a new last finality update with supermajority")
+	p2p.BroadcastCalled.Store(false) // Reset for next test
+
+	// update 3 with same finality slot, increased attested slot, and supermajority - should save but not broadcast
+	l3 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(3), util.WithSupermajority(0))
+	update3, err := NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l3.Ctx, l3.State, l3.Block, l3.AttestedState, l3.AttestedBlock, l3.FinalizedBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create light client finality update")
+
+	require.Equal(t, true, IsBetterFinalityUpdate(update3, update2), "update3 should be better than update2")
+	// update3 should not be valid for broadcast - meaning it should not be broadcasted
+	require.Equal(t, false, IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast(update3, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate()), "update3 should not be valid for broadcast")
+
+	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(update3, true)
+	require.Equal(t, update3, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate should match the set value")
+	require.Equal(t, false, p2p.BroadcastCalled.Load(), "Broadcast should not have been when previous was already broadcast")
+
+	// update 4 with increased finality slot, increased attested slot, and supermajority - should save and broadcast
+	l4 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedFinalizedSlot(1), util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(1), util.WithSupermajority(0))
+	update4, err := NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l4.Ctx, l4.State, l4.Block, l4.AttestedState, l4.AttestedBlock, l4.FinalizedBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create light client finality update")
+
+	require.Equal(t, true, IsBetterFinalityUpdate(update4, update3), "update4 should be better than update3")
+	// update4 should be valid for broadcast - meaning it should be broadcasted
+	require.Equal(t, true, IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast(update4, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate()), "update4 should be valid for broadcast")
+
+	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(update4, true)
+	require.Equal(t, update4, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate should match the set value")
+	require.Equal(t, true, p2p.BroadcastCalled.Load(), "Broadcast should have been called after a new finality update with increased finality slot")
+	p2p.BroadcastCalled.Store(false) // Reset for next test
+
+	// update 5 with the same new finality slot, increased attested slot, and supermajority - should save but not broadcast
+	l5 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedFinalizedSlot(1), util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(2), util.WithSupermajority(0))
+	update5, err := NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l5.Ctx, l5.State, l5.Block, l5.AttestedState, l5.AttestedBlock, l5.FinalizedBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create light client finality update")
+
+	require.Equal(t, true, IsBetterFinalityUpdate(update5, update4), "update5 should be better than update4")
+	// update5 should not be valid for broadcast - meaning it should not be broadcasted
+	require.Equal(t, false, IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast(update5, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate()), "update5 should not be valid for broadcast")
+
+	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(update5, true)
+	require.Equal(t, update5, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate should match the set value")
+	require.Equal(t, false, p2p.BroadcastCalled.Load(), "Broadcast should not have been called when previous was already broadcast with supermajority")
+
+	// update 6 with the same new finality slot, increased attested slot, and no supermajority - should save but not broadcast
+	l6 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedFinalizedSlot(1), util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(3))
+	update6, err := NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l6.Ctx, l6.State, l6.Block, l6.AttestedState, l6.AttestedBlock, l6.FinalizedBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create light client finality update")
+
+	require.Equal(t, true, IsBetterFinalityUpdate(update6, update5), "update6 should be better than update5")
+	// update6 should not be valid for broadcast - meaning it should not be broadcasted
+	require.Equal(t, false, IsFinalityUpdateValidForBroadcast(update6, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate()), "update6 should not be valid for broadcast")
+
+	lcStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(update6, true)
+	require.Equal(t, update6, lcStore.LastFinalityUpdate(), "lastFinalityUpdate should match the set value")
+	require.Equal(t, false, p2p.BroadcastCalled.Load(), "Broadcast should not have been called when previous was already broadcast with supermajority")
+}
+
+func TestLightClientStore_SaveLCData(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("no parent in cache or db - new is head", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), db)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		l := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair)
+
+		blkRoot, err := l.Block.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, s.SaveLCData(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock, blkRoot), "Failed to save light client data")
+
+		update, err := NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		finalityUpdate, err := NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		optimisticUpdate, err := NewLightClientOptimisticUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		attstedBlkRoot, err := l.AttestedBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.DeepEqual(t, finalityUpdate, s.lastFinalityUpdate, "Expected to find the last finality update in the store")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, optimisticUpdate, s.lastOptimisticUpdate, "Expected to find the last optimistic update in the store")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, update, s.cache.items[attstedBlkRoot].bestUpdate, "Expected to find the update in the non-finality cache")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, finalityUpdate, s.cache.items[attstedBlkRoot].bestFinalityUpdate, "Expected to find the finality update in the non-finality cache")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no parent in cache or db - new not head", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), db)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		l := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair)
+
+		blkRoot, err := l.FinalizedBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, s.SaveLCData(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock, blkRoot), "Failed to save light client data")
+
+		update, err := NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		finalityUpdate, err := NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		optimisticUpdate, err := NewLightClientOptimisticUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		attstedBlkRoot, err := l.AttestedBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.IsNil(t, s.lastFinalityUpdate, "Expected to not find the last finality update in the store since the block is not head")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, optimisticUpdate, s.lastOptimisticUpdate, "Expected to find the last optimistic update in the store")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, update, s.cache.items[attstedBlkRoot].bestUpdate, "Expected to find the update in the non-finality cache")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, finalityUpdate, s.cache.items[attstedBlkRoot].bestFinalityUpdate, "Expected to find the finality update in the non-finality cache")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("parent in db", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), db)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		l := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair)
+
+		// save an update for this period in db
+		period := slots.SyncCommitteePeriod(slots.ToEpoch(l.AttestedBlock.Block().Slot()))
+		update, err := NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NoError(t, db.SaveLightClientUpdate(l.Ctx, period, update), "Failed to save light client update in db")
+
+		l2 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(1), util.WithSupermajority(0)) // updates from this setup should be all better
+
+		blkRoot, err := l2.Block.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, s.SaveLCData(l2.Ctx, l2.State, l2.Block, l2.AttestedState, l2.AttestedBlock, l2.FinalizedBlock, blkRoot), "Failed to save light client data")
+
+		update, err = NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l2.Ctx, l2.State, l2.Block, l2.AttestedState, l2.AttestedBlock, l2.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		finalityUpdate, err := NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l2.Ctx, l2.State, l2.Block, l2.AttestedState, l2.AttestedBlock, l2.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		optimisticUpdate, err := NewLightClientOptimisticUpdateFromBeaconState(l2.Ctx, l2.State, l2.Block, l2.AttestedState, l2.AttestedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		attstedBlkRoot, err := l2.AttestedBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.DeepEqual(t, finalityUpdate, s.lastFinalityUpdate, "Expected to find the last finality update in the store")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, optimisticUpdate, s.lastOptimisticUpdate, "Expected to find the last optimistic update in the store")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, update, s.cache.items[attstedBlkRoot].bestUpdate, "Expected to find the update in the non-finality cache")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, finalityUpdate, s.cache.items[attstedBlkRoot].bestFinalityUpdate, "Expected to find the finality update in the non-finality cache")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("parent in cache", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), db)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		l := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair)
+		l2 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(1), util.WithSupermajority(0)) // updates from this setup should be all better
+
+		// save the cache item for this period in cache
+		period := slots.SyncCommitteePeriod(slots.ToEpoch(l.AttestedBlock.Block().Slot()))
+		update, err := NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		finalityUpdate, err := NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		item := &cacheItem{
+			period:             period,
+			bestUpdate:         update,
+			bestFinalityUpdate: finalityUpdate,
+		}
+		attestedBlockRoot := l2.AttestedBlock.Block().ParentRoot() // we want this item to be the parent of the new block
+		s.cache.items[attestedBlockRoot] = item
+
+		blkRoot, err := l2.Block.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, s.SaveLCData(l2.Ctx, l2.State, l2.Block, l2.AttestedState, l2.AttestedBlock, l2.FinalizedBlock, blkRoot), "Failed to save light client data")
+
+		update, err = NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l2.Ctx, l2.State, l2.Block, l2.AttestedState, l2.AttestedBlock, l2.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		finalityUpdate, err = NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l2.Ctx, l2.State, l2.Block, l2.AttestedState, l2.AttestedBlock, l2.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		optimisticUpdate, err := NewLightClientOptimisticUpdateFromBeaconState(l2.Ctx, l2.State, l2.Block, l2.AttestedState, l2.AttestedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		attstedBlkRoot, err := l2.AttestedBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.DeepEqual(t, finalityUpdate, s.lastFinalityUpdate, "Expected to find the last finality update in the store")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, optimisticUpdate, s.lastOptimisticUpdate, "Expected to find the last optimistic update in the store")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, update, s.cache.items[attstedBlkRoot].bestUpdate, "Expected to find the update in the non-finality cache")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, finalityUpdate, s.cache.items[attstedBlkRoot].bestFinalityUpdate, "Expected to find the finality update in the non-finality cache")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("parent in the previous period", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), db)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		l := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair)
+		l2 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Bellatrix, util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(1), util.WithSupermajority(0)) // updates from this setup should be all better
+
+		// save the cache item for this period1 in cache
+		period1 := slots.SyncCommitteePeriod(slots.ToEpoch(l.AttestedBlock.Block().Slot()))
+		update, err := NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		finalityUpdate, err := NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		item := &cacheItem{
+			period:             period1,
+			bestUpdate:         update,
+			bestFinalityUpdate: finalityUpdate,
+		}
+		attestedBlockRoot := l2.AttestedBlock.Block().ParentRoot() // we want this item to be the parent of the new block
+		s.cache.items[attestedBlockRoot] = item
+
+		blkRoot, err := l2.Block.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, s.SaveLCData(l2.Ctx, l2.State, l2.Block, l2.AttestedState, l2.AttestedBlock, l2.FinalizedBlock, blkRoot), "Failed to save light client data")
+
+		update, err = NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l2.Ctx, l2.State, l2.Block, l2.AttestedState, l2.AttestedBlock, l2.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		finalityUpdate, err = NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(l2.Ctx, l2.State, l2.Block, l2.AttestedState, l2.AttestedBlock, l2.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		optimisticUpdate, err := NewLightClientOptimisticUpdateFromBeaconState(l2.Ctx, l2.State, l2.Block, l2.AttestedState, l2.AttestedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		attstedBlkRoot, err := l2.AttestedBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.DeepEqual(t, finalityUpdate, s.lastFinalityUpdate, "Expected to find the last finality update in the store")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, optimisticUpdate, s.lastOptimisticUpdate, "Expected to find the last optimistic update in the store")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, update, s.cache.items[attstedBlkRoot].bestUpdate, "Expected to find the update in the non-finality cache")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, finalityUpdate, s.cache.items[attstedBlkRoot].bestFinalityUpdate, "Expected to find the finality update in the non-finality cache")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestLightClientStore_MigrateToCold(t *testing.T) {
+	// This tests the scenario where chain advances but the cache is empty.
+	// It should see that there is nothing in the cache to migrate and just update the tail to the new finalized root.
+	t.Run("empty cache", func(t *testing.T) {
+		beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		finalizedBlockRoot, _ := saveInitialFinalizedCheckpointData(t, ctx, beaconDB)
+
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), beaconDB)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+			newBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+			newBlock.Block.Slot = primitives.Slot(32 + uint64(i))
+			newBlock.Block.ParentRoot = finalizedBlockRoot[:]
+			signedNewBlock, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(newBlock)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			blockRoot, err := signedNewBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, signedNewBlock))
+			finalizedBlockRoot = blockRoot
+		}
+
+		err := s.MigrateToCold(ctx, finalizedBlockRoot)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 0, len(s.cache.items))
+	})
+
+	// This tests the scenario where chain advances but the CANONICAL cache is empty.
+	// It should see that there is nothing in the canonical cache to migrate and just update the tail to the new finalized root AND delete anything non-canonical.
+	t.Run("non canonical cache", func(t *testing.T) {
+		beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		finalizedBlockRoot, _ := saveInitialFinalizedCheckpointData(t, ctx, beaconDB)
+
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), beaconDB)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+			newBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+			newBlock.Block.Slot = primitives.Slot(32 + uint64(i))
+			newBlock.Block.ParentRoot = finalizedBlockRoot[:]
+			signedNewBlock, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(newBlock)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			blockRoot, err := signedNewBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, signedNewBlock))
+			finalizedBlockRoot = blockRoot
+		}
+
+		// Add a non-canonical item to the cache
+		cacheItem := &cacheItem{
+			period: 0,
+			slot:   33,
+		}
+		nonCanonicalBlockRoot := [32]byte{1, 2, 3, 4}
+		s.cache.items[nonCanonicalBlockRoot] = cacheItem
+
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(s.cache.items))
+
+		err := s.MigrateToCold(ctx, finalizedBlockRoot)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 0, len(s.cache.items), "Expected the non-canonical item in the cache to be deleted")
+	})
+
+	// db has update - cache has both canonical and non-canonical items.
+	// should update the update in db and delete cache.
+	t.Run("mixed cache - finality immediately after cache", func(t *testing.T) {
+		beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		finalizedBlockRoot, _ := saveInitialFinalizedCheckpointData(t, ctx, beaconDB)
+		require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveHeadBlockRoot(ctx, finalizedBlockRoot))
+
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), beaconDB)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		// Save an update for this period in db
+		l := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair)
+		update, err := NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		period := slots.SyncCommitteePeriod(slots.ToEpoch(l.AttestedBlock.Block().Slot()))
+		require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, period, update))
+
+		lastBlockRoot := finalizedBlockRoot
+		lastAttestedRoot := finalizedBlockRoot
+		lastUpdate := update
+		for i := 1; i < 4; i++ {
+			l = util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(uint64(i)), util.WithSupermajority(uint64(i)), util.WithAttestedParentRoot(lastAttestedRoot))
+			require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, l.Block))
+			require.NoError(t, s.SaveLCData(ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock, [32]byte{1}))
+			lastBlockRoot, err = l.Block.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			lastAttestedRoot, err = l.AttestedBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			update, err = NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			lastUpdate = update
+		}
+
+		require.Equal(t, 3, len(s.cache.items))
+
+		// Add a non-canonical item to the cache
+		cacheItem := &cacheItem{
+			period: 0,
+			slot:   33,
+		}
+		nonCanonicalBlockRoot := [32]byte{1, 2, 3, 4}
+		s.cache.items[nonCanonicalBlockRoot] = cacheItem
+
+		require.Equal(t, 4, len(s.cache.items))
+
+		err = s.MigrateToCold(ctx, lastBlockRoot)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 0, len(s.cache.items), "Expected the non-canonical item in the cache to be deleted")
+		u, err := beaconDB.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, u)
+		require.DeepEqual(t, lastUpdate, u)
+	})
+
+	// db has update - cache has both canonical and non-canonical items. finalized height is in the middle.
+	// should update the update in db and delete items in cache before finalized slot.
+	t.Run("mixed cache - finality middle of cache", func(t *testing.T) {
+		beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		finalizedBlockRoot, _ := saveInitialFinalizedCheckpointData(t, ctx, beaconDB)
+		require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveHeadBlockRoot(ctx, finalizedBlockRoot))
+
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), beaconDB)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		// Save an update for this period in db
+		l := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair)
+		update, err := NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		period := slots.SyncCommitteePeriod(slots.ToEpoch(l.AttestedBlock.Block().Slot()))
+		require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, period, update))
+
+		lastBlockRoot := finalizedBlockRoot
+		lastUpdate := update
+		lastAttestedRoot := [32]byte{}
+		for i := 1; i < 4; i++ {
+			l = util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(uint64(i)), util.WithSupermajority(uint64(i)), util.WithAttestedParentRoot(lastAttestedRoot))
+			require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, l.Block))
+			require.NoError(t, s.SaveLCData(ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock, [32]byte{1}))
+			root, err := l.Block.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			lastBlockRoot = root
+			update, err = NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			lastUpdate = update
+			lastAttestedRoot, err = l.AttestedBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		}
+
+		require.Equal(t, 3, len(s.cache.items))
+
+		// Add a non-canonical item to the cache
+		cacheItem := &cacheItem{
+			period: 0,
+			slot:   33,
+		}
+		nonCanonicalBlockRoot := [32]byte{1, 2, 3, 4}
+		s.cache.items[nonCanonicalBlockRoot] = cacheItem
+
+		require.Equal(t, 4, len(s.cache.items))
+
+		for i := 4; i < 7; i++ {
+			l = util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(uint64(i)), util.WithSupermajority(0), util.WithAttestedParentRoot(lastAttestedRoot))
+			require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, l.Block))
+			require.NoError(t, s.SaveLCData(ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock, [32]byte{1}))
+			lastAttestedRoot, err = l.AttestedBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		}
+
+		require.Equal(t, 7, len(s.cache.items))
+
+		err = s.MigrateToCold(ctx, lastBlockRoot)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 3, len(s.cache.items), "Expected the non-canonical item in the cache to be deleted")
+		u, err := beaconDB.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, u)
+		require.DeepEqual(t, lastUpdate, u)
+	})
+
+	// we have multiple periods in the cache before finalization happens. we expect all of them to be saved in db.
+	t.Run("finality after multiple periods in cache", func(t *testing.T) {
+		beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		cfg := params.BeaconConfig().Copy()
+		cfg.EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod = 1
+		params.OverrideBeaconConfig(cfg)
+
+		finalizedBlockRoot, _ := saveInitialFinalizedCheckpointData(t, ctx, beaconDB)
+		require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveHeadBlockRoot(ctx, finalizedBlockRoot))
+
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), beaconDB)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		// Save an update for this period1 in db
+		l := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair)
+		update, err := NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		period1 := slots.SyncCommitteePeriod(slots.ToEpoch(l.AttestedBlock.Block().Slot()))
+		require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, period1, update))
+
+		lastBlockRoot := finalizedBlockRoot
+		lastUpdatePeriod1 := update
+		lastAttestedRoot := [32]byte{}
+		for i := 1; i < 4; i++ {
+			l = util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(uint64(i)), util.WithSupermajority(uint64(i)), util.WithAttestedParentRoot(lastAttestedRoot))
+			require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, l.Block))
+			require.NoError(t, s.SaveLCData(ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock, [32]byte{1}))
+			root, err := l.Block.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			lastBlockRoot = root
+			lastUpdatePeriod1, err = NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			lastAttestedRoot, err = l.AttestedBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		}
+
+		period2 := period1
+		var lastUpdatePeriod2 interfaces.LightClientUpdate
+		for i := 1; i < 4; i++ {
+			l = util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(uint64(i)+33), util.WithSupermajority(uint64(i)), util.WithAttestedParentRoot(lastAttestedRoot))
+			require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, l.Block))
+			require.NoError(t, s.SaveLCData(ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock, [32]byte{1}))
+			root, err := l.Block.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			lastBlockRoot = root
+			lastUpdatePeriod2, err = NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			lastAttestedRoot, err = l.AttestedBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			period2 = slots.SyncCommitteePeriod(slots.ToEpoch(l.AttestedBlock.Block().Slot()))
+		}
+
+		require.Equal(t, 6, len(s.cache.items))
+
+		// Add a non-canonical item to the cache
+		cacheItem := &cacheItem{
+			period: 0,
+			slot:   33,
+		}
+		nonCanonicalBlockRoot := [32]byte{1, 2, 3, 4}
+		s.cache.items[nonCanonicalBlockRoot] = cacheItem
+
+		require.Equal(t, 7, len(s.cache.items))
+
+		for i := 4; i < 7; i++ {
+			l = util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(uint64(i)+33), util.WithSupermajority(0), util.WithAttestedParentRoot(lastAttestedRoot))
+			require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, l.Block))
+			require.NoError(t, s.SaveLCData(ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock, [32]byte{1}))
+			lastAttestedRoot, err = l.AttestedBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		}
+
+		require.Equal(t, 10, len(s.cache.items))
+
+		err = s.MigrateToCold(ctx, lastBlockRoot)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 3, len(s.cache.items), "Expected the non-canonical item in the cache to be deleted")
+		u, err := beaconDB.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period2)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, u)
+		require.DeepEqual(t, lastUpdatePeriod2, u)
+		u, err = beaconDB.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period1)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, u)
+		require.DeepEqual(t, lastUpdatePeriod1, u)
+	})
+}
+
+func saveInitialFinalizedCheckpointData(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, beaconDB db.Database) ([32]byte, interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock) {
+	genesis := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+	genesisRoot, err := genesis.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, genesisRoot))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, genesis)
+	genesisState, err := util.NewBeaconState()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, genesisState, genesisRoot))
+
+	finalizedState, err := util.NewBeaconState()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	finalizedBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+	finalizedBlock.Block.Slot = 32
+	finalizedBlock.Block.ParentRoot = genesisRoot[:]
+	signedFinalizedBlock, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(finalizedBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	finalizedBlockHeader, err := signedFinalizedBlock.Header()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, finalizedState.SetLatestBlockHeader(finalizedBlockHeader.Header))
+	finalizedStateRoot, err := finalizedState.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	finalizedBlock.Block.StateRoot = finalizedStateRoot[:]
+	signedFinalizedBlock, err = blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(finalizedBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	finalizedBlockRoot, err := signedFinalizedBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	cp := ethpb.Checkpoint{
+		Epoch: 1,
+		Root:  finalizedBlockRoot[:],
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, signedFinalizedBlock))
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, finalizedState, finalizedBlockRoot))
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveFinalizedCheckpoint(ctx, &cp))
+
+	return finalizedBlockRoot, signedFinalizedBlock
+}
+
+func TestLightClientStore_LightClientUpdatesByRange(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("no updates", func(t *testing.T) {
+		d := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		_, finalizedBlock := saveInitialFinalizedCheckpointData(t, ctx, d)
+
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), d)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		updates, err := s.LightClientUpdates(ctx, 2, 5, finalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 0, len(updates))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("single update from db", func(t *testing.T) {
+		d := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		_, finalizedBlock := saveInitialFinalizedCheckpointData(t, ctx, d)
+
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), d)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		l := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair)
+		update, err := NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, d.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, 3, update))
+
+		updates, err := s.LightClientUpdates(ctx, 3, 3, finalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(updates))
+		require.DeepEqual(t, update, updates[0], "Expected to find the update in the store")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("multiple updates from db", func(t *testing.T) {
+		d := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		_, finalizedBlock := saveInitialFinalizedCheckpointData(t, ctx, d)
+
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), d)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		l := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair)
+		update, err := NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, d.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, 3, update))
+		require.NoError(t, d.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, 4, update))
+		require.NoError(t, d.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, 5, update))
+
+		updates, err := s.LightClientUpdates(ctx, 3, 5, finalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 3, len(updates))
+		require.DeepEqual(t, update, updates[0], "Expected to find the update in the store")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, update, updates[1], "Expected to find the update in the store")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, update, updates[2], "Expected to find the update in the store")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("single update from cache", func(t *testing.T) {
+		d := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		_, _ = saveInitialFinalizedCheckpointData(t, ctx, d)
+
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), d)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		l := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair)
+		update, err := NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		cacheItem := &cacheItem{
+			period:     3,
+			bestUpdate: update,
+		}
+		s.cache.items[[32]byte{3}] = cacheItem
+
+		_, headBlock := saveStateAndBlockWithParentRoot(t, ctx, d, [32]byte{3})
+
+		updates, err := s.LightClientUpdates(ctx, 3, 3, headBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(updates))
+		require.DeepEqual(t, update, updates[0], "Expected to find the update in the store")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("multiple updates from cache", func(t *testing.T) {
+		d := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		_, _ = saveInitialFinalizedCheckpointData(t, ctx, d)
+
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), d)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		l := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair)
+		update, err := NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		cacheItemP3 := &cacheItem{
+			period:     3,
+			bestUpdate: update,
+		}
+		s.cache.items[[32]byte{3}] = cacheItemP3
+
+		cacheItemP4 := &cacheItem{
+			period:     4,
+			bestUpdate: update,
+			parent:     cacheItemP3,
+		}
+		s.cache.items[[32]byte{4}] = cacheItemP4
+
+		cacheItemP5 := &cacheItem{
+			period:     5,
+			bestUpdate: update,
+			parent:     cacheItemP4,
+		}
+		s.cache.items[[32]byte{5}] = cacheItemP5
+
+		_, headBlock := saveStateAndBlockWithParentRoot(t, ctx, d, [32]byte{5})
+
+		updates, err := s.LightClientUpdates(ctx, 3, 5, headBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 3, len(updates))
+		require.DeepEqual(t, update, updates[0], "Expected to find the update in the store")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, update, updates[1], "Expected to find the update in the store")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, update, updates[2], "Expected to find the update in the store")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("multiple updates from both db and cache - no overlap", func(t *testing.T) {
+		d := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		_, _ = saveInitialFinalizedCheckpointData(t, ctx, d)
+
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), d)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		l := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair)
+		update, err := NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l.Ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, d.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, 1, update))
+		require.NoError(t, d.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, 2, update))
+
+		cacheItemP3 := &cacheItem{
+			period:     3,
+			bestUpdate: update,
+		}
+		s.cache.items[[32]byte{3}] = cacheItemP3
+
+		cacheItemP4 := &cacheItem{
+			period:     4,
+			bestUpdate: update,
+			parent:     cacheItemP3,
+		}
+		s.cache.items[[32]byte{4}] = cacheItemP4
+
+		cacheItemP5 := &cacheItem{
+			period:     5,
+			bestUpdate: update,
+			parent:     cacheItemP4,
+		}
+		s.cache.items[[32]byte{5}] = cacheItemP5
+
+		_, headBlock := saveStateAndBlockWithParentRoot(t, ctx, d, [32]byte{5})
+
+		updates, err := s.LightClientUpdates(ctx, 1, 5, headBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 5, len(updates))
+		for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+			require.DeepEqual(t, update, updates[i], "Expected to find the update in the store")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("multiple updates from both db and cache - overlap", func(t *testing.T) {
+		d := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		_, _ = saveInitialFinalizedCheckpointData(t, ctx, d)
+
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), d)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		l1 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair)
+		update1, err := NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l1.Ctx, l1.State, l1.Block, l1.AttestedState, l1.AttestedBlock, l1.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		l2 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair, util.WithIncreasedAttestedSlot(1))
+		update2, err := NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l2.Ctx, l2.State, l2.Block, l2.AttestedState, l2.AttestedBlock, l2.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.DeepNotEqual(t, update1, update2)
+
+		require.NoError(t, d.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, 1, update1))
+		require.NoError(t, d.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, 2, update1))
+		require.NoError(t, d.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, 3, update1))
+		require.NoError(t, d.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, 4, update1))
+
+		cacheItemP3 := &cacheItem{
+			period:     3,
+			bestUpdate: update2,
+		}
+		s.cache.items[[32]byte{3}] = cacheItemP3
+
+		cacheItemP4 := &cacheItem{
+			period:     4,
+			bestUpdate: update2,
+			parent:     cacheItemP3,
+		}
+		s.cache.items[[32]byte{4}] = cacheItemP4
+
+		cacheItemP5 := &cacheItem{
+			period:     5,
+			bestUpdate: update2,
+			parent:     cacheItemP4,
+		}
+		s.cache.items[[32]byte{5}] = cacheItemP5
+
+		_, headBlock := saveStateAndBlockWithParentRoot(t, ctx, d, [32]byte{5})
+
+		updates, err := s.LightClientUpdates(ctx, 1, 5, headBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 5, len(updates))
+		// first two updates should be update1
+		for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+			require.DeepEqual(t, update1, updates[i], "Expected to find the update in the store")
+		}
+		// next three updates should be update2 - as cache overrides db
+		for i := 2; i < 5; i++ {
+			require.DeepEqual(t, update2, updates[i], "Expected to find the update in the store")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("first continuous range", func(t *testing.T) {
+		d := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		_, _ = saveInitialFinalizedCheckpointData(t, ctx, d)
+
+		s := NewLightClientStore(&p2pTesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), d)
+		require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+		l1 := util.NewTestLightClient(t, version.Altair)
+		update, err := NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(l1.Ctx, l1.State, l1.Block, l1.AttestedState, l1.AttestedBlock, l1.FinalizedBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, d.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, 1, update))
+		require.NoError(t, d.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, 2, update))
+
+		cacheItemP4 := &cacheItem{
+			period:     4,
+			bestUpdate: update,
+		}
+		s.cache.items[[32]byte{4}] = cacheItemP4
+
+		cacheItemP5 := &cacheItem{
+			period:     5,
+			bestUpdate: update,
+			parent:     cacheItemP4,
+		}
+		s.cache.items[[32]byte{5}] = cacheItemP5
+
+		_, headBlock := saveStateAndBlockWithParentRoot(t, ctx, d, [32]byte{5})
+
+		updates, err := s.LightClientUpdates(ctx, 1, 5, headBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(updates))
+		require.DeepEqual(t, update, updates[0], "Expected to find the update in the store")
+		require.DeepEqual(t, update, updates[1], "Expected to find the update in the store")
+	})
+
+}
+
+func saveStateAndBlockWithParentRoot(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, d db.Database, parentRoot [32]byte) ([32]byte, interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock) {
+	blk := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+	blk.Block.ParentRoot = parentRoot[:]
+
+	blkRoot, err := blk.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, d, blk)
+
+	st, err := util.NewBeaconState()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, d.SaveState(ctx, st, blkRoot))
+
+	signedFinalizedBlock, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return blkRoot, signedFinalizedBlock
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/node/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/node/BUILD.bazel
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ go_library(
        "//beacon-chain/builder:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/cache:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/cache/depositsnapshot:go_default_library",
-        "//beacon-chain/core/light-client:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db/filesystem:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db/kv:go_default_library",
@@ -32,6 +31,7 @@ go_library(
        "//beacon-chain/execution:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/forkchoice:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/light-client:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/monitor:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/node/registration:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/operations/attestations:go_default_library",
--- a/beacon-chain/node/node.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/node/node.go
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/builder"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/cache"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/cache/depositsnapshot"
-	lightclient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/light-client"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/filesystem"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/kv"
@@ -34,6 +33,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/execution"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/forkchoice"
 	doublylinkedtree "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
+	lightclient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/light-client"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/monitor"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/node/registration"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/attestations"
@@ -253,10 +253,6 @@ func New(cliCtx *cli.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc, opts ...Option) (*Beaco
 	// their initialization.
 	beacon.finalizedStateAtStartUp = nil

-	if features.Get().EnableLightClient {
-		beacon.lcStore = lightclient.NewLightClientStore(beacon.db, beacon.fetchP2P(), beacon.StateFeed())
-	}
-
 	return beacon, nil
 }

@@ -349,6 +345,11 @@ func registerServices(cliCtx *cli.Context, beacon *BeaconNode, synchronizer *sta
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register P2P service")
 	}

+	if features.Get().EnableLightClient {
+		log.Debugln("Registering Light Client Store")
+		beacon.registerLightClientStore()
+	}
+
 	log.Debugln("Registering Backfill Service")
 	if err := beacon.RegisterBackfillService(cliCtx, bfs); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register Back Fill service")
@@ -1139,6 +1140,11 @@ func (b *BeaconNode) RegisterBackfillService(cliCtx *cli.Context, bfs *backfill.
 	return b.services.RegisterService(bf)
 }

+func (b *BeaconNode) registerLightClientStore() {
+	lcs := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(b.fetchP2P(), b.StateFeed(), b.db)
+	b.lcStore = lcs
+}
+
 func hasNetworkFlag(cliCtx *cli.Context) bool {
 	for _, flag := range features.NetworkFlags {
 		for _, name := range flag.Names() {
--- a/beacon-chain/node/node_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/node/node_test.go
@@ -74,7 +74,9 @@ func TestNodeStart_Ok(t *testing.T) {
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	set.String("datadir", tmp, "node data directory")
 	set.String("suggested-fee-recipient", "0x6e35733c5af9B61374A128e6F85f553aF09ff89A", "fee recipient")
+	set.Bool("enable-light-client", true, "enable light client")
 	require.NoError(t, set.Set("suggested-fee-recipient", "0x6e35733c5af9B61374A128e6F85f553aF09ff89A"))
+	require.NoError(t, set.Set("enable-light-client", "true"))

 	ctx, cancel := newCliContextWithCancel(&app, set)

@@ -88,6 +90,7 @@ func TestNodeStart_Ok(t *testing.T) {

 	node, err := New(ctx, cancel, options...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, node.lcStore)
 	node.services = &runtime.ServiceRegistry{}
 	go func() {
 		node.Start()
--- a/beacon-chain/p2p/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/p2p/BUILD.bazel
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ go_library(
        "//config/features:go_default_library",
        "//config/fieldparams:go_default_library",
        "//config/params:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types/interfaces:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types/primitives:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types/wrapper:go_default_library",
--- a/beacon-chain/p2p/broadcaster.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/p2p/broadcaster.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/interfaces"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/crypto/hash"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/monitoring/tracing"
@@ -308,19 +309,13 @@ func (s *Service) BroadcastLightClientFinalityUpdate(ctx context.Context, update
 // BroadcastDataColumnSidecar broadcasts a data column to the p2p network, the message is assumed to be
 // broadcasted to the current fork and to the input column subnet.
 func (s *Service) BroadcastDataColumnSidecar(
-	root [fieldparams.RootLength]byte,
 	dataColumnSubnet uint64,
-	dataColumnSidecar *ethpb.DataColumnSidecar,
+	dataColumnSidecar blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn,
 ) error {
 	// Add tracing to the function.
 	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(s.ctx, "p2p.BroadcastDataColumnSidecar")
 	defer span.End()

-	// Ensure the data column sidecar is not nil.
-	if dataColumnSidecar == nil {
-		return errors.Errorf("attempted to broadcast nil data column sidecar at subnet %d", dataColumnSubnet)
-	}
-
 	// Retrieve the current fork digest.
 	forkDigest, err := s.currentForkDigest()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -330,16 +325,15 @@ func (s *Service) BroadcastDataColumnSidecar(
 	}

 	// Non-blocking broadcast, with attempts to discover a column subnet peer if none available.
-	go s.internalBroadcastDataColumnSidecar(ctx, root, dataColumnSubnet, dataColumnSidecar, forkDigest)
+	go s.internalBroadcastDataColumnSidecar(ctx, dataColumnSubnet, dataColumnSidecar, forkDigest)

 	return nil
 }

 func (s *Service) internalBroadcastDataColumnSidecar(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	root [fieldparams.RootLength]byte,
 	columnSubnet uint64,
-	dataColumnSidecar *ethpb.DataColumnSidecar,
+	dataColumnSidecar blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn,
 	forkDigest [fieldparams.VersionLength]byte,
 ) {
 	// Add tracing to the function.
@@ -385,8 +379,9 @@ func (s *Service) internalBroadcastDataColumnSidecar(
 	log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
 		"slot":               slot,
 		"timeSinceSlotStart": time.Since(slotStartTime),
-		"root":               fmt.Sprintf("%#x", root),
+		"root":               fmt.Sprintf("%#x", dataColumnSidecar.BlockRoot()),
 		"columnSubnet":       columnSubnet,
+		"blobCount":          len(dataColumnSidecar.Column),
 	}).Debug("Broadcasted data column sidecar")

 	// Increase the number of successful broadcasts.
--- a/beacon-chain/p2p/broadcaster_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/p2p/broadcaster_test.go
@@ -711,13 +711,8 @@ func TestService_BroadcastDataColumn(t *testing.T) {
 	subnet := peerdas.ComputeSubnetForDataColumnSidecar(columnIndex)
 	topic := fmt.Sprintf(topicFormat, digest, subnet) + service.Encoding().ProtocolSuffix()

-	roSidecars, _ := util.CreateTestVerifiedRoDataColumnSidecars(t, []util.DataColumnParam{{Index: columnIndex}})
-	sidecar := roSidecars[0].DataColumnSidecar
-
-	// Attempt to broadcast nil object should fail.
-	var emptyRoot [fieldparams.RootLength]byte
-	err = service.BroadcastDataColumnSidecar(emptyRoot, subnet, nil)
-	require.ErrorContains(t, "attempted to broadcast nil", err)
+	_, verifiedRoSidecars := util.CreateTestVerifiedRoDataColumnSidecars(t, []util.DataColumnParam{{Index: columnIndex}})
+	verifiedRoSidecar := verifiedRoSidecars[0]

 	// Subscribe to the topic.
 	sub, err := p2.SubscribeToTopic(topic)
@@ -727,7 +722,7 @@ func TestService_BroadcastDataColumn(t *testing.T) {
 	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)

 	// Broadcast to peers and wait.
-	err = service.BroadcastDataColumnSidecar(emptyRoot, subnet, sidecar)
+	err = service.BroadcastDataColumnSidecar(subnet, verifiedRoSidecar)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	// Receive the message.
@@ -739,5 +734,5 @@ func TestService_BroadcastDataColumn(t *testing.T) {

 	var result ethpb.DataColumnSidecar
 	require.NoError(t, service.Encoding().DecodeGossip(msg.Data, &result))
-	require.DeepEqual(t, &result, sidecar)
+	require.DeepEqual(t, &result, verifiedRoSidecar)
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/p2p/custody.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/p2p/custody.go
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )

+var errNoCustodyInfo = errors.New("no custody info available")
+
 var _ CustodyManager = (*Service)(nil)

 // EarliestAvailableSlot returns the earliest available slot.
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ func (s *Service) CustodyGroupCount() (uint64, error) {
 	defer s.custodyInfoLock.Unlock()

 	if s.custodyInfo == nil {
-		return 0, errors.New("no custody info available")
+		return 0, errNoCustodyInfo
 	}

 	return s.custodyInfo.groupCount, nil
--- a/beacon-chain/p2p/discovery.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/p2p/discovery.go
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ func (quicProtocol) ENRKey() string { return quickProtocolEnrKey }
 func newListener(listenerCreator func() (*discover.UDPv5, error)) (*listenerWrapper, error) {
 	rawListener, err := listenerCreator()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not create new listener")
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "create new listener")
 	}
 	return &listenerWrapper{
 		listener:        rawListener,
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ func (s *Service) createListener(
 		int(s.cfg.QUICPort),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not create local node")
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "create local node")
 	}

 	bootNodes := make([]*enode.Node, 0, len(s.cfg.Discv5BootStrapAddrs))
@@ -604,13 +604,27 @@ func (s *Service) createLocalNode(
 	localNode = initializeSyncCommSubnets(localNode)

 	if params.FuluEnabled() {
-		custodyGroupCount, err := s.CustodyGroupCount()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not retrieve custody group count")
-		}
+		// TODO: Replace this quick fix with a proper synchronization scheme (chan?)
+		const delay = 1 * time.Second

-		custodyGroupCountEntry := peerdas.Cgc(custodyGroupCount)
-		localNode.Set(custodyGroupCountEntry)
+		var custodyGroupCount uint64
+
+		err := errNoCustodyInfo
+		for errors.Is(err, errNoCustodyInfo) {
+			custodyGroupCount, err = s.CustodyGroupCount()
+			if errors.Is(err, errNoCustodyInfo) {
+				log.WithField("delay", delay).Debug("No custody info available yet, retrying later")
+				time.Sleep(delay)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "retrieve custody group count")
+			}
+
+			custodyGroupCountEntry := peerdas.Cgc(custodyGroupCount)
+			localNode.Set(custodyGroupCountEntry)
+		}
 	}

 	if s.cfg != nil && s.cfg.HostAddress != "" {
@@ -652,7 +666,7 @@ func (s *Service) startDiscoveryV5(
 	}
 	wrappedListener, err := newListener(createListener)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not create listener")
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "create listener")
 	}
 	record := wrappedListener.Self()

--- a/beacon-chain/p2p/interfaces.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/p2p/interfaces.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/p2p/encoder"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/p2p/peers"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/interfaces"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ type (
 		BroadcastBlob(ctx context.Context, subnet uint64, blob *ethpb.BlobSidecar) error
 		BroadcastLightClientOptimisticUpdate(ctx context.Context, update interfaces.LightClientOptimisticUpdate) error
 		BroadcastLightClientFinalityUpdate(ctx context.Context, update interfaces.LightClientFinalityUpdate) error
-		BroadcastDataColumnSidecar(root [fieldparams.RootLength]byte, columnSubnet uint64, dataColumnSidecar *ethpb.DataColumnSidecar) error
+		BroadcastDataColumnSidecar(columnSubnet uint64, dataColumnSidecar blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) error
 	}

 	// SetStreamHandler configures p2p to handle streams of a certain topic ID.
--- a/beacon-chain/p2p/testing/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/p2p/testing/BUILD.bazel
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ go_library(
        "//beacon-chain/p2p/peers/scorers:go_default_library",
        "//config/fieldparams:go_default_library",
        "//config/params:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types/interfaces:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types/primitives:go_default_library",
        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
--- a/beacon-chain/p2p/testing/fuzz_p2p.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/p2p/testing/fuzz_p2p.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/p2p/encoder"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/p2p/peers"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/interfaces"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ func (*FakeP2P) BroadcastLightClientFinalityUpdate(_ context.Context, _ interfac
 }

 // BroadcastDataColumnSidecar -- fake.
-func (*FakeP2P) BroadcastDataColumnSidecar(_ [fieldparams.RootLength]byte, _ uint64, _ *ethpb.DataColumnSidecar) error {
+func (*FakeP2P) BroadcastDataColumnSidecar(_ uint64, _ blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) error {
 	return nil
 }

--- a/beacon-chain/p2p/testing/mock_broadcaster.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/p2p/testing/mock_broadcaster.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"

-	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/interfaces"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func (m *MockBroadcaster) BroadcastLightClientFinalityUpdate(_ context.Context,
 }

 // BroadcastDataColumnSidecar broadcasts a data column for mock.
-func (m *MockBroadcaster) BroadcastDataColumnSidecar([fieldparams.RootLength]byte, uint64, *ethpb.DataColumnSidecar) error {
+func (m *MockBroadcaster) BroadcastDataColumnSidecar(uint64, blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) error {
 	m.BroadcastCalled.Store(true)
 	return nil
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/p2p/testing/p2p.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/p2p/testing/p2p.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/p2p/peers/scorers"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/interfaces"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ func (p *TestP2P) BroadcastLightClientFinalityUpdate(_ context.Context, _ interf
 }

 // BroadcastDataColumnSidecar broadcasts a data column for mock.
-func (p *TestP2P) BroadcastDataColumnSidecar([fieldparams.RootLength]byte, uint64, *ethpb.DataColumnSidecar) error {
+func (p *TestP2P) BroadcastDataColumnSidecar(uint64, blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) error {
 	p.BroadcastCalled.Store(true)
 	return nil
 }
@@ -498,8 +499,39 @@ func (s *TestP2P) UpdateCustodyInfo(earliestAvailableSlot primitives.Slot, custo
 	return s.earliestAvailableSlot, s.custodyGroupCount, nil
 }

-// CustodyGroupCountFromPeer .
+// CustodyGroupCountFromPeer retrieves custody group count from a peer.
+// It first tries to get the custody group count from the peer's metadata,
+// then falls back to the ENR value if the metadata is not available, then
+// falls back to the minimum number of custody groups an honest node should custodiy
+// and serve samples from if ENR is not available.
 func (s *TestP2P) CustodyGroupCountFromPeer(pid peer.ID) uint64 {
+	// Try to get the custody group count from the peer's metadata.
+	metadata, err := s.peers.Metadata(pid)
+	if err != nil {
+		// On error, default to the ENR value.
+		return s.custodyGroupCountFromPeerENR(pid)
+	}
+
+	// If the metadata is nil, default to the ENR value.
+	if metadata == nil {
+		return s.custodyGroupCountFromPeerENR(pid)
+	}
+
+	// Get the custody subnets count from the metadata.
+	custodyCount := metadata.CustodyGroupCount()
+
+	// If the custody count is null, default to the ENR value.
+	if custodyCount == 0 {
+		return s.custodyGroupCountFromPeerENR(pid)
+	}
+
+	return custodyCount
+}
+
+// custodyGroupCountFromPeerENR retrieves the custody count from the peer's ENR.
+// If the ENR is not available, it defaults to the minimum number of custody groups
+// an honest node custodies and serves samples from.
+func (s *TestP2P) custodyGroupCountFromPeerENR(pid peer.ID) uint64 {
 	// By default, we assume the peer custodies the minimum number of groups.
 	custodyRequirement := params.BeaconConfig().CustodyRequirement

@@ -509,7 +541,7 @@ func (s *TestP2P) CustodyGroupCountFromPeer(pid peer.ID) uint64 {
 		return custodyRequirement
 	}

-	// Retrieve the custody subnets count from the ENR.
+	// Retrieve the custody group count from the ENR.
 	custodyGroupCount, err := peerdas.CustodyGroupCountFromRecord(record)
 	if err != nil {
 		return custodyRequirement
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/BUILD.bazel
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ go_library(
        "//beacon-chain/core/feed/block:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/feed/operation:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/feed/state:go_default_library",
-        "//beacon-chain/core/light-client:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db/filesystem:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/execution:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/light-client:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/operations/attestations:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/operations/blstoexec:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/operations/slashings:go_default_library",
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/endpoints.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/endpoints.go
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ func (s *Service) endpoints(
 	endpoints = append(endpoints, s.prysmValidatorEndpoints(stater, coreService)...)

 	if features.Get().EnableLightClient {
-		endpoints = append(endpoints, s.lightClientEndpoints(blocker, stater)...)
+		endpoints = append(endpoints, s.lightClientEndpoints()...)
 	}

 	if enableDebug {
-		endpoints = append(endpoints, s.debugEndpoints(stater)...)
+		endpoints = append(endpoints, s.debugEndpoints(stater, blocker)...)
 	}

 	return endpoints
@@ -194,6 +194,8 @@ func (s *Service) blobEndpoints(blocker lookup.Blocker) []endpoint {
 	const namespace = "blob"
 	return []endpoint{
 		{
+			// Deprecated: /eth/v1/beacon/blob_sidecars/{block_id} in favor of /eth/v1/beacon/blobs/{block_id}
+			// the endpoint will continue to work post fulu for some time however
 			template: "/eth/v1/beacon/blob_sidecars/{block_id}",
 			name:     namespace + ".Blobs",
 			middleware: []middleware.Middleware{
@@ -203,6 +205,16 @@ func (s *Service) blobEndpoints(blocker lookup.Blocker) []endpoint {
 			handler: server.Blobs,
 			methods: []string{http.MethodGet},
 		},
+		{
+			template: "/eth/v1/beacon/blobs/{block_id}",
+			name:     namespace + ".GetBlobs",
+			middleware: []middleware.Middleware{
+				middleware.AcceptHeaderHandler([]string{api.JsonMediaType, api.OctetStreamMediaType}),
+				middleware.AcceptEncodingHeaderHandler(),
+			},
+			handler: server.GetBlobs,
+			methods: []string{http.MethodGet},
+		},
 	}
 }

@@ -1034,9 +1046,10 @@ func (*Service) configEndpoints() []endpoint {
 	}
 }

-func (s *Service) lightClientEndpoints(blocker lookup.Blocker, stater lookup.Stater) []endpoint {
+func (s *Service) lightClientEndpoints() []endpoint {
 	server := &lightclient.Server{
-		LCStore: s.cfg.LCStore,
+		LCStore:     s.cfg.LCStore,
+		HeadFetcher: s.cfg.HeadFetcher,
 	}

 	const namespace = "lightclient"
@@ -1084,7 +1097,7 @@ func (s *Service) lightClientEndpoints(blocker lookup.Blocker, stater lookup.Sta
 	}
 }

-func (s *Service) debugEndpoints(stater lookup.Stater) []endpoint {
+func (s *Service) debugEndpoints(stater lookup.Stater, blocker lookup.Blocker) []endpoint {
 	server := &debug.Server{
 		BeaconDB:              s.cfg.BeaconDB,
 		HeadFetcher:           s.cfg.HeadFetcher,
@@ -1094,6 +1107,8 @@ func (s *Service) debugEndpoints(stater lookup.Stater) []endpoint {
 		ForkchoiceFetcher:     s.cfg.ForkchoiceFetcher,
 		FinalizationFetcher:   s.cfg.FinalizationFetcher,
 		ChainInfoFetcher:      s.cfg.ChainInfoFetcher,
+		GenesisTimeFetcher:    s.cfg.GenesisTimeFetcher,
+		Blocker:               blocker,
 	}

 	const namespace = "debug"
@@ -1128,6 +1143,16 @@ func (s *Service) debugEndpoints(stater lookup.Stater) []endpoint {
 			handler: server.GetForkChoice,
 			methods: []string{http.MethodGet},
 		},
+		{
+			template: "/eth/v1/debug/beacon/data_column_sidecars/{block_id}",
+			name:     namespace + ".GetDataColumnSidecars",
+			middleware: []middleware.Middleware{
+				middleware.AcceptHeaderHandler([]string{api.JsonMediaType, api.OctetStreamMediaType}),
+				middleware.AcceptEncodingHeaderHandler(),
+			},
+			handler: server.DataColumnSidecars,
+			methods: []string{http.MethodGet},
+		},
 	}
 }

--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/endpoints_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/endpoints_test.go
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ func Test_endpoints(t *testing.T) {

 	blobRoutes := map[string][]string{
 		"/eth/v1/beacon/blob_sidecars/{block_id}": {http.MethodGet},
+		"/eth/v1/beacon/blobs/{block_id}":         {http.MethodGet},
 	}

 	configRoutes := map[string][]string{
@@ -79,9 +80,10 @@ func Test_endpoints(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	debugRoutes := map[string][]string{
-		"/eth/v2/debug/beacon/states/{state_id}": {http.MethodGet},
-		"/eth/v2/debug/beacon/heads":             {http.MethodGet},
-		"/eth/v1/debug/fork_choice":              {http.MethodGet},
+		"/eth/v2/debug/beacon/states/{state_id}":               {http.MethodGet},
+		"/eth/v2/debug/beacon/heads":                           {http.MethodGet},
+		"/eth/v1/debug/fork_choice":                            {http.MethodGet},
+		"/eth/v1/debug/beacon/data_column_sidecars/{block_id}": {http.MethodGet},
 	}

 	eventsRoutes := map[string][]string{
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/beacon/handlers.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/beacon/handlers.go
@@ -1465,8 +1465,7 @@ func (s *Server) GetBlockHeader(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}

 	blk, err := s.Blocker.Block(ctx, []byte(blockID))
-	ok := shared.WriteBlockFetchError(w, blk, err)
-	if !ok {
+	if !shared.WriteBlockFetchError(w, blk, err) {
 		return
 	}
 	blockHeader, err := blk.Header()
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/beacon/handlers_state.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/beacon/handlers_state.go
@@ -109,10 +109,10 @@ func (s *Server) GetRandao(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// future epochs and epochs too far back are not supported.
 	randaoEpochLowerBound := uint64(0)
 	// Lower bound should not underflow.
-	if uint64(stEpoch) > uint64(st.RandaoMixesLength()) {
-		randaoEpochLowerBound = uint64(stEpoch) - uint64(st.RandaoMixesLength())
+	if uint64(stEpoch) >= uint64(st.RandaoMixesLength()) {
+		randaoEpochLowerBound = uint64(stEpoch) - uint64(st.RandaoMixesLength()) + 1
 	}
-	if epoch > stEpoch || uint64(epoch) < randaoEpochLowerBound+1 {
+	if epoch > stEpoch || (uint64(epoch) < randaoEpochLowerBound) {
 		httputil.HandleError(w, "Epoch is out of range for the randao mixes of the state", http.StatusBadRequest)
 		return
 	}
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/beacon/handlers_state_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/beacon/handlers_state_test.go
@@ -192,8 +192,14 @@ func TestGetRandao(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, hexutil.Encode(mixOld[:]), resp.Data.Randao)
 	})
 	t.Run("head state below `EpochsPerHistoricalVector`", func(t *testing.T) {
-		s.Stater = &testutil.MockStater{
-			BeaconState: headSt,
+		s := &Server{
+			Stater: &testutil.MockStater{
+				BeaconState: headSt,
+			},
+			HeadFetcher:           chainService,
+			OptimisticModeFetcher: chainService,
+			FinalizationFetcher:   chainService,
+			BeaconDB:              db,
 		}

 		request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com//eth/v1/beacon/states/{state_id}/randao", nil)
@@ -303,6 +309,74 @@ func TestGetRandao(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), resp))
 		assert.DeepEqual(t, true, resp.Finalized)
 	})
+	t.Run("early epoch scenario - epoch 0 from state at epoch (EpochsPerHistoricalVector - 1)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a state at early epoch
+		earlyEpochState, err := util.NewBeaconState()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		earlyEpoch := params.BeaconConfig().EpochsPerHistoricalVector - 1
+		require.NoError(t, earlyEpochState.SetSlot(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch*primitives.Slot(earlyEpoch)))
+
+		// Set up RANDAO mix for epoch 0
+		// In real networks, this would be the ETH1 block hash used for genesis
+		epoch0Randao := bytesutil.ToBytes32([]byte("epoch0"))
+		require.NoError(t, earlyEpochState.UpdateRandaoMixesAtIndex(0, epoch0Randao))
+
+		earlyServer := &Server{
+			Stater: &testutil.MockStater{
+				BeaconState: earlyEpochState,
+			},
+			HeadFetcher:           &chainMock.ChainService{},
+			OptimisticModeFetcher: &chainMock.ChainService{},
+			FinalizationFetcher:   &chainMock.ChainService{},
+		}
+
+		// Query epoch 0 from state at epoch (EpochsPerHistoricalVector - 1) - should succeed
+		request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com//eth/v1/beacon/states/{state_id}/randao?epoch=0", nil)
+		request.SetPathValue("state_id", "head")
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+
+		earlyServer.GetRandao(writer, request)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code, "Early epoch queries should succeed when within bounds")
+
+		resp := &structs.GetRandaoResponse{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), resp))
+		assert.Equal(t, hexutil.Encode(epoch0Randao[:]), resp.Data.Randao)
+	})
+	t.Run("early epoch scenario - epoch 0 from state at epoch EpochsPerHistoricalVector", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a state at early epoch
+		earlyEpochState, err := util.NewBeaconState()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		earlyEpoch := params.BeaconConfig().EpochsPerHistoricalVector
+		require.NoError(t, earlyEpochState.SetSlot(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch*primitives.Slot(earlyEpoch)))
+
+		// Set up RANDAO mix for epoch 0
+		// In real networks, this would be the ETH1 block hash used for genesis
+		epoch0Randao := bytesutil.ToBytes32([]byte("epoch0"))
+		require.NoError(t, earlyEpochState.UpdateRandaoMixesAtIndex(0, epoch0Randao))
+
+		earlyServer := &Server{
+			Stater: &testutil.MockStater{
+				BeaconState: earlyEpochState,
+			},
+			HeadFetcher:           &chainMock.ChainService{},
+			OptimisticModeFetcher: &chainMock.ChainService{},
+			FinalizationFetcher:   &chainMock.ChainService{},
+		}
+
+		// Query epoch 0 from state at epoch EpochsPerHistoricalVector - should fail
+		request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com//eth/v1/beacon/states/{state_id}/randao?epoch=0", nil)
+		request.SetPathValue("state_id", "head")
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+
+		earlyServer.GetRandao(writer, request)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, writer.Code)
+		e := &httputil.DefaultJsonError{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), e))
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, e.Code)
+		require.StringContains(t, "Epoch is out of range for the randao mixes of the state", e.Message)
+	})
 }

 func Test_currentCommitteeIndicesFromState(t *testing.T) {
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/blob/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/blob/BUILD.bazel
@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ go_library(
        "//api/server/structs:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/blockchain:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/rpc/core:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/rpc/eth/shared:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/rpc/lookup:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/rpc/options:go_default_library",
        "//config/fieldparams:go_default_library",
        "//config/params:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@ go_test(
    deps = [
        "//api:go_default_library",
        "//api/server/structs:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/blockchain/kzg:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/blockchain/testing:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db/filesystem:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db/testing:go_default_library",
@@ -41,6 +44,7 @@ go_test(
        "//beacon-chain/verification:go_default_library",
        "//config/fieldparams:go_default_library",
        "//config/params:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/primitives:go_default_library",
        "//network/httputil:go_default_library",
        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
        "//runtime/version:go_default_library",
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/blob/handlers.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/blob/handlers.go
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/api"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/api/server/structs"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/rpc/core"
-	field_params "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/shared"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/rpc/options"
+	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
@@ -22,6 +24,8 @@ import (
 )

 // Blobs is an HTTP handler for Beacon API getBlobs.
+// Deprecated: /eth/v1/beacon/blob_sidecars/{block_id} in favor of /eth/v1/beacon/blobs/{block_id}
+// the endpoint will continue to work post fulu for some time however
 func (s *Server) Blobs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(r.Context(), "beacon.Blobs")
 	defer span.End()
@@ -34,7 +38,7 @@ func (s *Server) Blobs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	segments := strings.Split(r.URL.Path, "/")
 	blockId := segments[len(segments)-1]

-	verifiedBlobs, rpcErr := s.Blocker.Blobs(ctx, blockId, indices)
+	verifiedBlobs, rpcErr := s.Blocker.Blobs(ctx, blockId, options.WithIndices(indices))
 	if rpcErr != nil {
 		code := core.ErrorReasonToHTTP(rpcErr.Reason)
 		switch code {
@@ -54,12 +58,7 @@ func (s *Server) Blobs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}

 	blk, err := s.Blocker.Block(ctx, []byte(blockId))
-	if err != nil {
-		httputil.HandleError(w, "Could not fetch block: "+err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-	if blk == nil {
-		httputil.HandleError(w, "Block not found", http.StatusNotFound)
+	if !shared.WriteBlockFetchError(w, blk, err) {
 		return
 	}

@@ -127,6 +126,89 @@ loop:
 	return indices, nil
 }

+// GetBlobs retrieves blobs for a given block id. ( this is the new handler that replaces func (s *Server) Blobs )
+func (s *Server) GetBlobs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(r.Context(), "beacon.GetBlobs")
+	defer span.End()
+
+	segments := strings.Split(r.URL.Path, "/")
+	blockId := segments[len(segments)-1]
+
+	var verifiedBlobs []*blocks.VerifiedROBlob
+	var rpcErr *core.RpcError
+
+	// Check if versioned_hashes parameter is provided
+	versionedHashesStr := r.URL.Query()["versioned_hashes"]
+	versionedHashes := make([][]byte, len(versionedHashesStr))
+	if len(versionedHashesStr) > 0 {
+		for i, hashStr := range versionedHashesStr {
+			hash, ok := shared.ValidateHex(w, fmt.Sprintf("versioned_hashes[%d]", i), hashStr, 32)
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+			versionedHashes[i] = hash
+		}
+	}
+	verifiedBlobs, rpcErr = s.Blocker.Blobs(ctx, blockId, options.WithVersionedHashes(versionedHashes))
+	if rpcErr != nil {
+		code := core.ErrorReasonToHTTP(rpcErr.Reason)
+		switch code {
+		case http.StatusBadRequest:
+			httputil.HandleError(w, "Bad Request: "+rpcErr.Err.Error(), code)
+			return
+		case http.StatusNotFound:
+			httputil.HandleError(w, "Not found: "+rpcErr.Err.Error(), code)
+			return
+		case http.StatusInternalServerError:
+			httputil.HandleError(w, "Internal server error: "+rpcErr.Err.Error(), code)
+			return
+		default:
+			httputil.HandleError(w, rpcErr.Err.Error(), code)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	blk, err := s.Blocker.Block(ctx, []byte(blockId))
+	if !shared.WriteBlockFetchError(w, blk, err) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if httputil.RespondWithSsz(r) {
+		sszLen := fieldparams.BlobSize
+		sszData := make([]byte, len(verifiedBlobs)*sszLen)
+		for i := range verifiedBlobs {
+			copy(sszData[i*sszLen:(i+1)*sszLen], verifiedBlobs[i].Blob)
+		}
+
+		w.Header().Set(api.VersionHeader, version.String(blk.Version()))
+		httputil.WriteSsz(w, sszData)
+		return
+	}
+
+	blkRoot, err := blk.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+	if err != nil {
+		httputil.HandleError(w, "Could not hash block: "+err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+	isOptimistic, err := s.OptimisticModeFetcher.IsOptimisticForRoot(ctx, blkRoot)
+	if err != nil {
+		httputil.HandleError(w, "Could not check if block is optimistic: "+err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	data := make([]string, len(verifiedBlobs))
+	for i, v := range verifiedBlobs {
+		data[i] = hexutil.Encode(v.Blob)
+	}
+	resp := &structs.GetBlobsResponse{
+		Data:                data,
+		ExecutionOptimistic: isOptimistic,
+		Finalized:           s.FinalizationFetcher.IsFinalized(ctx, blkRoot),
+	}
+	w.Header().Set(api.VersionHeader, version.String(blk.Version()))
+	httputil.WriteJson(w, resp)
+}
+
 func buildSidecarsJsonResponse(verifiedBlobs []*blocks.VerifiedROBlob) []*structs.Sidecar {
 	sidecars := make([]*structs.Sidecar, len(verifiedBlobs))
 	for i, sc := range verifiedBlobs {
@@ -147,13 +229,13 @@ func buildSidecarsJsonResponse(verifiedBlobs []*blocks.VerifiedROBlob) []*struct
 }

 func buildSidecarsSSZResponse(verifiedBlobs []*blocks.VerifiedROBlob) ([]byte, error) {
-	ssz := make([]byte, field_params.BlobSidecarSize*len(verifiedBlobs))
+	ssz := make([]byte, fieldparams.BlobSidecarSize*len(verifiedBlobs))
 	for i, sidecar := range verifiedBlobs {
 		sszrep, err := sidecar.MarshalSSZ()
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to marshal sidecar ssz")
 		}
-		copy(ssz[i*field_params.BlobSidecarSize:(i+1)*field_params.BlobSidecarSize], sszrep)
+		copy(ssz[i*fieldparams.BlobSidecarSize:(i+1)*fieldparams.BlobSidecarSize], sszrep)
 	}
 	return ssz, nil
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/blob/handlers_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/blob/handlers_test.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/api"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/api/server/structs"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/blockchain/kzg"
 	mockChain "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/blockchain/testing"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/filesystem"
 	testDB "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/testing"
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/verification"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/network/httputil"
 	eth "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/runtime/version"
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ func TestBlobs(t *testing.T) {
 		e := &httputil.DefaultJsonError{}
 		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), e))
 		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, e.Code)
-		assert.StringContains(t, "blobs are not supported for Phase 0 fork", e.Message)
+		assert.StringContains(t, "not supported for Phase 0 fork", e.Message)
 	})
 	t.Run("head", func(t *testing.T) {
 		u := "http://foo.example/head"
@@ -278,7 +280,7 @@ func TestBlobs(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, e.Code)
 		assert.Equal(t, true, strings.Contains(e.Message, fmt.Sprintf("requested blob indices [%d] are invalid", overLimit)))
 	})
-	t.Run("outside retention period returns 200 w/ empty list ", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("outside retention period returns 200 with what we have", func(t *testing.T) {
 		u := "http://foo.example/123"
 		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
 		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -296,7 +298,7 @@ func TestBlobs(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code)
 		resp := &structs.SidecarsResponse{}
 		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), resp))
-		require.Equal(t, 0, len(resp.Data))
+		require.Equal(t, 4, len(resp.Data))

 		require.Equal(t, "deneb", resp.Version)
 		require.Equal(t, false, resp.ExecutionOptimistic)
@@ -334,11 +336,23 @@ func TestBlobs(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Equal(t, false, resp.Finalized)
 	})
 	t.Run("slot before Deneb fork", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create and save a pre-Deneb block at slot 31
+		predenebBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+		predenebBlock.Block.Slot = 31
+		util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), db, predenebBlock)
+
 		u := "http://foo.example/31"
 		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
 		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
 		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
-		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:    db,
+			BlobStorage: bs,
+		}

 		s.Blobs(writer, request)

@@ -346,7 +360,7 @@ func TestBlobs(t *testing.T) {
 		e := &httputil.DefaultJsonError{}
 		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), e))
 		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, e.Code)
-		assert.StringContains(t, "blobs are not supported before Deneb fork", e.Message)
+		assert.StringContains(t, "not supported before", e.Message)
 	})
 	t.Run("malformed block ID", func(t *testing.T) {
 		u := "http://foo.example/foo"
@@ -558,7 +572,584 @@ func Test_parseIndices(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestGetBlobs(t *testing.T) {
+	// Start the trusted setup for KZG operations (needed for data columns)
+	require.NoError(t, kzg.Start())
+
+	params.SetupTestConfigCleanup(t)
+	cfg := params.BeaconConfig().Copy()
+	cfg.DenebForkEpoch = 1
+	cfg.ElectraForkEpoch = 10
+	cfg.FuluForkEpoch = 20
+	cfg.BlobSchedule = []params.BlobScheduleEntry{
+		{Epoch: 0, MaxBlobsPerBlock: 0},
+		{Epoch: 1, MaxBlobsPerBlock: 6},   // Deneb
+		{Epoch: 10, MaxBlobsPerBlock: 9},  // Electra
+		{Epoch: 20, MaxBlobsPerBlock: 12}, // Fulu
+	}
+	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(cfg)
+
+	db := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+	denebBlock, blobs := util.GenerateTestDenebBlockWithSidecar(t, [32]byte{}, 123, 4)
+	require.NoError(t, db.SaveBlock(t.Context(), denebBlock))
+	bs := filesystem.NewEphemeralBlobStorage(t)
+	testSidecars := verification.FakeVerifySliceForTest(t, blobs)
+	for i := range testSidecars {
+		require.NoError(t, bs.Save(testSidecars[i]))
+	}
+	blockRoot := blobs[0].BlockRoot()
+
+	mockChainService := &mockChain.ChainService{
+		FinalizedRoots: map[[32]byte]bool{},
+		Genesis:        time.Now().Add(-time.Duration(uint64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch)*uint64(params.BeaconConfig().DenebForkEpoch)*params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot) * time.Second),
+	}
+	s := &Server{
+		OptimisticModeFetcher: mockChainService,
+		FinalizationFetcher:   mockChainService,
+		TimeFetcher:           mockChainService,
+	}
+
+	t.Run("genesis", func(t *testing.T) {
+		u := "http://foo.example/genesis"
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{}
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, writer.Code)
+		e := &httputil.DefaultJsonError{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), e))
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, e.Code)
+		assert.StringContains(t, "not supported for Phase 0 fork", e.Message)
+	})
+	t.Run("head", func(t *testing.T) {
+		u := "http://foo.example/head"
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{Root: blockRoot[:], Block: denebBlock},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:    db,
+			BlobStorage: bs,
+		}
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code)
+		resp := &structs.GetBlobsResponse{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), resp))
+		require.Equal(t, 4, len(resp.Data))
+		blob := resp.Data[0]
+		require.NotNil(t, blob)
+		assert.Equal(t, hexutil.Encode(blobs[0].Blob), blob)
+		blob = resp.Data[1]
+		require.NotNil(t, blob)
+		assert.Equal(t, hexutil.Encode(blobs[1].Blob), blob)
+		blob = resp.Data[2]
+		require.NotNil(t, blob)
+		assert.Equal(t, hexutil.Encode(blobs[2].Blob), blob)
+		blob = resp.Data[3]
+		require.NotNil(t, blob)
+		assert.Equal(t, hexutil.Encode(blobs[3].Blob), blob)
+		require.Equal(t, false, resp.ExecutionOptimistic)
+		require.Equal(t, false, resp.Finalized)
+	})
+	t.Run("finalized", func(t *testing.T) {
+		u := "http://foo.example/finalized"
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{FinalizedCheckPoint: &eth.Checkpoint{Root: blockRoot[:]}, Block: denebBlock},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:    db,
+			BlobStorage: bs,
+		}
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code)
+		resp := &structs.GetBlobsResponse{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), resp))
+		require.Equal(t, 4, len(resp.Data))
+
+		require.Equal(t, false, resp.ExecutionOptimistic)
+		require.Equal(t, false, resp.Finalized)
+	})
+	t.Run("root", func(t *testing.T) {
+		u := "http://foo.example/" + hexutil.Encode(blockRoot[:])
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{Block: denebBlock},
+			BeaconDB:         db,
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BlobStorage: bs,
+		}
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code)
+		resp := &structs.GetBlobsResponse{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), resp))
+		require.Equal(t, 4, len(resp.Data))
+
+		require.Equal(t, false, resp.ExecutionOptimistic)
+		require.Equal(t, false, resp.Finalized)
+	})
+	t.Run("slot", func(t *testing.T) {
+		u := "http://foo.example/123"
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{Block: denebBlock},
+			BeaconDB:         db,
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BlobStorage: bs,
+		}
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code)
+		resp := &structs.GetBlobsResponse{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), resp))
+		require.Equal(t, 4, len(resp.Data))
+
+		require.Equal(t, false, resp.ExecutionOptimistic)
+		require.Equal(t, false, resp.Finalized)
+	})
+	t.Run("slot not found", func(t *testing.T) {
+		u := "http://foo.example/122"
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{Block: denebBlock},
+			BeaconDB:         db,
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BlobStorage: bs,
+		}
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, writer.Code)
+	})
+	t.Run("no blobs returns an empty array", func(t *testing.T) {
+		u := "http://foo.example/123"
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{FinalizedCheckPoint: &eth.Checkpoint{Root: blockRoot[:]}, Block: denebBlock},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:    db,
+			BlobStorage: filesystem.NewEphemeralBlobStorage(t), // new ephemeral storage
+		}
+
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code)
+		resp := &structs.GetBlobsResponse{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), resp))
+		require.Equal(t, len(resp.Data), 0)
+
+		require.Equal(t, false, resp.ExecutionOptimistic)
+		require.Equal(t, false, resp.Finalized)
+	})
+	t.Run("outside retention period still returns 200 what we have in db ", func(t *testing.T) {
+		u := "http://foo.example/123"
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		moc := &mockChain.ChainService{FinalizedCheckPoint: &eth.Checkpoint{Root: blockRoot[:]}, Block: denebBlock}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher:   moc,
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: moc, // genesis time is set to 0 here, so it results in current epoch being extremely large
+			BeaconDB:           db,
+			BlobStorage:        bs,
+		}
+
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code)
+		resp := &structs.GetBlobsResponse{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), resp))
+		require.Equal(t, 4, len(resp.Data))
+
+		require.Equal(t, false, resp.ExecutionOptimistic)
+		require.Equal(t, false, resp.Finalized)
+	})
+	t.Run("block without commitments returns 200 w/empty list ", func(t *testing.T) {
+		denebBlock, _ := util.GenerateTestDenebBlockWithSidecar(t, [32]byte{}, 333, 0)
+		commitments, err := denebBlock.Block().Body().BlobKzgCommitments()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, len(commitments), 0)
+		require.NoError(t, db.SaveBlock(t.Context(), denebBlock))
+
+		u := "http://foo.example/333"
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{FinalizedCheckPoint: &eth.Checkpoint{Root: blockRoot[:]}, Block: denebBlock},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:    db,
+			BlobStorage: bs,
+		}
+
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code)
+		resp := &structs.GetBlobsResponse{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), resp))
+		require.Equal(t, 0, len(resp.Data))
+
+		require.Equal(t, false, resp.ExecutionOptimistic)
+		require.Equal(t, false, resp.Finalized)
+	})
+	t.Run("slot before Deneb fork", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create and save a pre-Deneb block at slot 31
+		predenebBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+		predenebBlock.Block.Slot = 31
+		util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), db, predenebBlock)
+
+		u := "http://foo.example/31"
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			BeaconDB:         db,
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+		}
+
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, writer.Code)
+		e := &httputil.DefaultJsonError{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), e))
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, e.Code)
+		assert.StringContains(t, "not supported before", e.Message)
+	})
+	t.Run("malformed block ID", func(t *testing.T) {
+		u := "http://foo.example/foo"
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{}
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, writer.Code)
+		e := &httputil.DefaultJsonError{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), e))
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, e.Code)
+		assert.Equal(t, true, strings.Contains(e.Message, "could not parse block ID"))
+	})
+	t.Run("ssz", func(t *testing.T) {
+		u := "http://foo.example/finalized"
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		request.Header.Add("Accept", "application/octet-stream")
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{FinalizedCheckPoint: &eth.Checkpoint{Root: blockRoot[:]}},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:    db,
+			BlobStorage: bs,
+		}
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+		assert.Equal(t, version.String(version.Deneb), writer.Header().Get(api.VersionHeader))
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code)
+		require.Equal(t, fieldparams.BlobSize*4, len(writer.Body.Bytes())) // size of 4 sidecars
+		// unmarshal all 4 blobs
+		blbs := unmarshalBlobs(t, writer.Body.Bytes())
+		require.Equal(t, 4, len(blbs))
+	})
+	t.Run("ssz multiple blobs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		u := "http://foo.example/finalized"
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		request.Header.Add("Accept", "application/octet-stream")
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{FinalizedCheckPoint: &eth.Checkpoint{Root: blockRoot[:]}},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:    db,
+			BlobStorage: bs,
+		}
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code)
+		blbs := unmarshalBlobs(t, writer.Body.Bytes())
+		require.Equal(t, 4, len(blbs))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("versioned_hashes invalid hex", func(t *testing.T) {
+		u := "http://foo.example/finalized?versioned_hashes=invalidhex,invalid2hex"
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{FinalizedCheckPoint: &eth.Checkpoint{Root: blockRoot[:]}},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:    db,
+			BlobStorage: bs,
+		}
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, writer.Code)
+		e := &httputil.DefaultJsonError{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), e))
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, e.Code)
+		assert.StringContains(t, "versioned_hashes[0] is invalid", e.Message)
+		assert.StringContains(t, "hex string without 0x prefix", e.Message)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("versioned_hashes invalid length", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Using 16 bytes instead of 32
+		shortHash := "0x1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef"
+		u := fmt.Sprintf("http://foo.example/finalized?versioned_hashes=%s", shortHash)
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{FinalizedCheckPoint: &eth.Checkpoint{Root: blockRoot[:]}},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:    db,
+			BlobStorage: bs,
+		}
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, writer.Code)
+		e := &httputil.DefaultJsonError{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), e))
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, e.Code)
+		assert.StringContains(t, "Invalid versioned_hashes[0]:", e.Message)
+		assert.StringContains(t, "is not length 32", e.Message)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("versioned_hashes valid single hash", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Get the first blob's commitment and convert to versioned hash
+		versionedHash := primitives.ConvertKzgCommitmentToVersionedHash(blobs[0].KzgCommitment)
+
+		u := fmt.Sprintf("http://foo.example/finalized?versioned_hashes=%s", hexutil.Encode(versionedHash[:]))
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{FinalizedCheckPoint: &eth.Checkpoint{Root: blockRoot[:]}},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:    db,
+			BlobStorage: bs,
+		}
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code)
+		resp := &structs.GetBlobsResponse{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), resp))
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(resp.Data)) // Should return only the requested blob
+		blob := resp.Data[0]
+		require.NotNil(t, blob)
+		assert.Equal(t, hexutil.Encode(blobs[0].Blob), blob)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("versioned_hashes multiple hashes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Get commitments for blobs 1 and 3 and convert to versioned hashes
+		versionedHash1 := primitives.ConvertKzgCommitmentToVersionedHash(blobs[1].KzgCommitment)
+		versionedHash3 := primitives.ConvertKzgCommitmentToVersionedHash(blobs[3].KzgCommitment)
+
+		u := fmt.Sprintf("http://foo.example/finalized?versioned_hashes=%s&versioned_hashes=%s",
+			hexutil.Encode(versionedHash1[:]), hexutil.Encode(versionedHash3[:]))
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{FinalizedCheckPoint: &eth.Checkpoint{Root: blockRoot[:]}},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:    db,
+			BlobStorage: bs,
+		}
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code)
+		resp := &structs.GetBlobsResponse{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), resp))
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(resp.Data)) // Should return 2 requested blobs
+		// Verify blobs are returned in KZG commitment order from the block (1, 3)
+		// not in the requested order
+		assert.Equal(t, hexutil.Encode(blobs[1].Blob), resp.Data[0])
+		assert.Equal(t, hexutil.Encode(blobs[3].Blob), resp.Data[1])
+	})
+
+	// Test for Electra fork
+	t.Run("electra max blobs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		electraBlock, electraBlobs := util.GenerateTestElectraBlockWithSidecar(t, [32]byte{}, 323, maxBlobsPerBlockByVersion(version.Electra))
+		require.NoError(t, db.SaveBlock(t.Context(), electraBlock))
+		electraBs := filesystem.NewEphemeralBlobStorage(t)
+		electraSidecars := verification.FakeVerifySliceForTest(t, electraBlobs)
+		for i := range electraSidecars {
+			require.NoError(t, electraBs.Save(electraSidecars[i]))
+		}
+		electraBlockRoot := electraBlobs[0].BlockRoot()
+
+		u := "http://foo.example/323"
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{FinalizedCheckPoint: &eth.Checkpoint{Root: electraBlockRoot[:]}, Block: electraBlock},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:    db,
+			BlobStorage: electraBs,
+		}
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, version.String(version.Electra), writer.Header().Get(api.VersionHeader))
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code)
+		resp := &structs.GetBlobsResponse{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), resp))
+		require.Equal(t, maxBlobsPerBlockByVersion(version.Electra), len(resp.Data))
+		blob := resp.Data[0]
+		require.NotNil(t, blob)
+		assert.Equal(t, hexutil.Encode(electraBlobs[0].Blob), blob)
+	})
+
+	// Test for Fulu fork with data columns
+	t.Run("fulu with data columns", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Generate a Fulu block with data columns
+		fuluForkSlot := primitives.Slot(20 * params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch) // Fulu is at epoch 20
+		fuluBlock, _, verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars := util.GenerateTestFuluBlockWithSidecars(t, 3, util.WithSlot(fuluForkSlot))
+		require.NoError(t, db.SaveBlock(t.Context(), fuluBlock.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock))
+		fuluBlockRoot := fuluBlock.Root()
+
+		// Store data columns
+		_, dataColumnStorage := filesystem.NewEphemeralDataColumnStorageAndFs(t)
+		require.NoError(t, dataColumnStorage.Save(verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars))
+
+		u := fmt.Sprintf("http://foo.example/%d", fuluForkSlot)
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		// Create an empty blob storage (won't be used but needs to be non-nil)
+		_, emptyBlobStorage := filesystem.NewEphemeralBlobStorageAndFs(t)
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{FinalizedCheckPoint: &eth.Checkpoint{Root: fuluBlockRoot[:]}, Block: fuluBlock.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:          db,
+			BlobStorage:       emptyBlobStorage,
+			DataColumnStorage: dataColumnStorage,
+		}
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, version.String(version.Fulu), writer.Header().Get(api.VersionHeader))
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code)
+		resp := &structs.GetBlobsResponse{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), resp))
+		require.Equal(t, 3, len(resp.Data))
+
+		// Verify that we got blobs back (they were reconstructed from data columns)
+		for i := range resp.Data {
+			require.NotNil(t, resp.Data[i])
+		}
+	})
+
+	// Test for Fulu with versioned hashes and data columns
+	t.Run("fulu versioned_hashes with data columns", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Generate a Fulu block with data columns
+		fuluForkSlot2 := primitives.Slot(20*params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch + 10) // Fulu is at epoch 20
+		fuluBlock2, _, verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars2 := util.GenerateTestFuluBlockWithSidecars(t, 4, util.WithSlot(fuluForkSlot2))
+		require.NoError(t, db.SaveBlock(t.Context(), fuluBlock2.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock))
+		fuluBlockRoot2 := fuluBlock2.Root()
+
+		// Store data columns
+		_, dataColumnStorage := filesystem.NewEphemeralDataColumnStorageAndFs(t)
+		require.NoError(t, dataColumnStorage.Save(verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars2))
+
+		// Get the commitments from the block to derive versioned hashes
+		commitments, err := fuluBlock2.Block().Body().BlobKzgCommitments()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, true, len(commitments) >= 3)
+
+		// Request specific blobs by versioned hashes in reverse order
+		// We request commitments[2] and commitments[0], but they should be returned
+		// in commitment order from the block (0, 2), not in the requested order
+		versionedHash1 := primitives.ConvertKzgCommitmentToVersionedHash(commitments[2])
+		versionedHash2 := primitives.ConvertKzgCommitmentToVersionedHash(commitments[0])
+
+		u := fmt.Sprintf("http://foo.example/%d?versioned_hashes=%s&versioned_hashes=%s", fuluForkSlot2,
+			hexutil.Encode(versionedHash1[:]),
+			hexutil.Encode(versionedHash2[:]))
+		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		// Create an empty blob storage (won't be used but needs to be non-nil)
+		_, emptyBlobStorage := filesystem.NewEphemeralBlobStorageAndFs(t)
+		s.Blocker = &lookup.BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{FinalizedCheckPoint: &eth.Checkpoint{Root: fuluBlockRoot2[:]}, Block: fuluBlock2.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:          db,
+			BlobStorage:       emptyBlobStorage,
+			DataColumnStorage: dataColumnStorage,
+		}
+		s.GetBlobs(writer, request)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, version.String(version.Fulu), writer.Header().Get(api.VersionHeader))
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code)
+		resp := &structs.GetBlobsResponse{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), resp))
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(resp.Data))
+		// Blobs are returned in commitment order, regardless of request order
+	})
+}
+
+func unmarshalBlobs(t *testing.T, response []byte) [][]byte {
+	require.Equal(t, 0, len(response)%fieldparams.BlobSize)
+	if len(response) == fieldparams.BlobSize {
+		return [][]byte{response}
+	}
+	blobs := make([][]byte, len(response)/fieldparams.BlobSize)
+	for i := range blobs {
+		blobs[i] = response[i*fieldparams.BlobSize : (i+1)*fieldparams.BlobSize]
+	}
+	return blobs
+}
+
 func maxBlobsPerBlockByVersion(v int) int {
+	if v >= version.Fulu {
+		return params.BeaconConfig().DeprecatedMaxBlobsPerBlockFulu
+	}
 	if v >= version.Electra {
 		return params.BeaconConfig().DeprecatedMaxBlobsPerBlockElectra
 	}
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/debug/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/debug/BUILD.bazel
@@ -13,13 +13,19 @@ go_library(
        "//api/server/structs:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/blockchain:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/rpc/core:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/rpc/eth/helpers:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/rpc/eth/shared:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/rpc/lookup:go_default_library",
+        "//config/params:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/primitives:go_default_library",
        "//monitoring/tracing/trace:go_default_library",
        "//network/httputil:go_default_library",
+        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
        "//runtime/version:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_ethereum_go_ethereum//common/hexutil:go_default_library",
+        "@com_github_pkg_errors//:go_default_library",
    ],
 )

@@ -34,9 +40,13 @@ go_test(
        "//beacon-chain/db/testing:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/forkchoice/types:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/rpc/core:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/rpc/testutil:go_default_library",
        "//config/params:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/primitives:go_default_library",
        "//encoding/bytesutil:go_default_library",
+        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
        "//runtime/version:go_default_library",
        "//testing/assert:go_default_library",
        "//testing/require:go_default_library",
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/debug/handlers.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/debug/handlers.go
@@ -4,19 +4,31 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/api"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/api/server/structs"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/rpc/core"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/helpers"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/shared"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/monitoring/tracing/trace"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/network/httputil"
+	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/runtime/version"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )

-const errMsgStateFromConsensus = "Could not convert consensus state to response"
+const (
+	errMsgStateFromConsensus = "Could not convert consensus state to response"
+)

 // GetBeaconStateV2 returns the full beacon state for a given state ID.
 func (s *Server) GetBeaconStateV2(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -208,3 +220,176 @@ func (s *Server) GetForkChoice(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 	httputil.WriteJson(w, resp)
 }
+
+// DataColumnSidecars retrieves data column sidecars for a given block id.
+func (s *Server) DataColumnSidecars(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(r.Context(), "debug.DataColumnSidecars")
+	defer span.End()
+
+	// Check if we're before Fulu fork - data columns are only available from Fulu onwards
+	fuluForkEpoch := params.BeaconConfig().FuluForkEpoch
+	if fuluForkEpoch == math.MaxUint64 {
+		httputil.HandleError(w, "Data columns are not supported - Fulu fork not configured", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Check if we're before Fulu fork based on current slot
+	currentSlot := s.GenesisTimeFetcher.CurrentSlot()
+	currentEpoch := primitives.Epoch(currentSlot / params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch)
+	if currentEpoch < fuluForkEpoch {
+		httputil.HandleError(w, "Data columns are not supported - before Fulu fork", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	indices, err := parseDataColumnIndices(r.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		httputil.HandleError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	segments := strings.Split(r.URL.Path, "/")
+	blockId := segments[len(segments)-1]
+
+	verifiedDataColumns, rpcErr := s.Blocker.DataColumns(ctx, blockId, indices)
+	if rpcErr != nil {
+		code := core.ErrorReasonToHTTP(rpcErr.Reason)
+		switch code {
+		case http.StatusBadRequest:
+			httputil.HandleError(w, "Bad request: "+rpcErr.Err.Error(), code)
+			return
+		case http.StatusNotFound:
+			httputil.HandleError(w, "Not found: "+rpcErr.Err.Error(), code)
+			return
+		case http.StatusInternalServerError:
+			httputil.HandleError(w, "Internal server error: "+rpcErr.Err.Error(), code)
+			return
+		default:
+			httputil.HandleError(w, rpcErr.Err.Error(), code)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	blk, err := s.Blocker.Block(ctx, []byte(blockId))
+	if !shared.WriteBlockFetchError(w, blk, err) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if httputil.RespondWithSsz(r) {
+		sszResp, err := buildDataColumnSidecarsSSZResponse(verifiedDataColumns)
+		if err != nil {
+			httputil.HandleError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+		w.Header().Set(api.VersionHeader, version.String(blk.Version()))
+		httputil.WriteSsz(w, sszResp)
+		return
+	}
+
+	blkRoot, err := blk.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+	if err != nil {
+		httputil.HandleError(w, "Could not hash block: "+err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+	isOptimistic, err := s.OptimisticModeFetcher.IsOptimisticForRoot(ctx, blkRoot)
+	if err != nil {
+		httputil.HandleError(w, "Could not check if block is optimistic: "+err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	data := buildDataColumnSidecarsJsonResponse(verifiedDataColumns)
+	resp := &structs.GetDebugDataColumnSidecarsResponse{
+		Version:             version.String(blk.Version()),
+		Data:                data,
+		ExecutionOptimistic: isOptimistic,
+		Finalized:           s.FinalizationFetcher.IsFinalized(ctx, blkRoot),
+	}
+	w.Header().Set(api.VersionHeader, version.String(blk.Version()))
+	httputil.WriteJson(w, resp)
+}
+
+// parseDataColumnIndices filters out invalid and duplicate data column indices
+func parseDataColumnIndices(url *url.URL) ([]int, error) {
+	numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
+	rawIndices := url.Query()["indices"]
+	indices := make([]int, 0, numberOfColumns)
+	invalidIndices := make([]string, 0)
+loop:
+	for _, raw := range rawIndices {
+		ix, err := strconv.Atoi(raw)
+		if err != nil {
+			invalidIndices = append(invalidIndices, raw)
+			continue
+		}
+		if !(0 <= ix && uint64(ix) < numberOfColumns) {
+			invalidIndices = append(invalidIndices, raw)
+			continue
+		}
+		for i := range indices {
+			if ix == indices[i] {
+				continue loop
+			}
+		}
+		indices = append(indices, ix)
+	}
+
+	if len(invalidIndices) > 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("requested data column indices %v are invalid", invalidIndices)
+	}
+	return indices, nil
+}
+
+func buildDataColumnSidecarsJsonResponse(verifiedDataColumns []blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) []*structs.DataColumnSidecar {
+	sidecars := make([]*structs.DataColumnSidecar, len(verifiedDataColumns))
+	for i, dc := range verifiedDataColumns {
+		column := make([]string, len(dc.Column))
+		for j, cell := range dc.Column {
+			column[j] = hexutil.Encode(cell)
+		}
+
+		kzgCommitments := make([]string, len(dc.KzgCommitments))
+		for j, commitment := range dc.KzgCommitments {
+			kzgCommitments[j] = hexutil.Encode(commitment)
+		}
+
+		kzgProofs := make([]string, len(dc.KzgProofs))
+		for j, proof := range dc.KzgProofs {
+			kzgProofs[j] = hexutil.Encode(proof)
+		}
+
+		kzgCommitmentsInclusionProof := make([]string, len(dc.KzgCommitmentsInclusionProof))
+		for j, proof := range dc.KzgCommitmentsInclusionProof {
+			kzgCommitmentsInclusionProof[j] = hexutil.Encode(proof)
+		}
+
+		sidecars[i] = &structs.DataColumnSidecar{
+			Index:                        strconv.FormatUint(dc.Index, 10),
+			Column:                       column,
+			KzgCommitments:               kzgCommitments,
+			KzgProofs:                    kzgProofs,
+			SignedBeaconBlockHeader:      structs.SignedBeaconBlockHeaderFromConsensus(dc.SignedBlockHeader),
+			KzgCommitmentsInclusionProof: kzgCommitmentsInclusionProof,
+		}
+	}
+	return sidecars
+}
+
+// buildDataColumnSidecarsSSZResponse builds SSZ response for data column sidecars
+func buildDataColumnSidecarsSSZResponse(verifiedDataColumns []blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) ([]byte, error) {
+	if len(verifiedDataColumns) == 0 {
+		return []byte{}, nil
+	}
+
+	// Pre-allocate buffer for all sidecars using the known SSZ size
+	sizePerSidecar := (&ethpb.DataColumnSidecar{}).SizeSSZ()
+	ssz := make([]byte, 0, sizePerSidecar*len(verifiedDataColumns))
+
+	// Marshal and append each sidecar
+	for i, sidecar := range verifiedDataColumns {
+		sszrep, err := sidecar.MarshalSSZ()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to marshal data column sidecar at index %d", i)
+		}
+		ssz = append(ssz, sszrep...)
+	}
+
+	return ssz, nil
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/debug/handlers_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/debug/handlers_test.go
@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@ package debug

 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"math"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/api"
@@ -13,9 +17,13 @@ import (
 	dbtest "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/testing"
 	doublylinkedtree "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
 	forkchoicetypes "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/rpc/core"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/rpc/testutil"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/encoding/bytesutil"
+	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/runtime/version"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/assert"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/require"
@@ -515,3 +523,285 @@ func TestGetForkChoice(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), resp))
 	require.Equal(t, "2", resp.FinalizedCheckpoint.Epoch)
 }
+
+func TestDataColumnSidecars(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Fulu fork not configured", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Save the original config
+		originalConfig := params.BeaconConfig()
+		defer func() { params.OverrideBeaconConfig(originalConfig) }()
+
+		// Set Fulu fork epoch to MaxUint64 (unconfigured)
+		config := params.BeaconConfig().Copy()
+		config.FuluForkEpoch = math.MaxUint64
+		params.OverrideBeaconConfig(config)
+
+		chainService := &blockchainmock.ChainService{}
+
+		// Create a mock blocker to avoid nil pointer
+		mockBlocker := &testutil.MockBlocker{}
+
+		s := &Server{
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: chainService,
+			Blocker:            mockBlocker,
+		}
+
+		request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/eth/v1/debug/beacon/data_column_sidecars/head", nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+
+		s.DataColumnSidecars(writer, request)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, writer.Code)
+		assert.StringContains(t, "Data columns are not supported - Fulu fork not configured", writer.Body.String())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Before Fulu fork", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Save the original config
+		originalConfig := params.BeaconConfig()
+		defer func() { params.OverrideBeaconConfig(originalConfig) }()
+
+		// Set Fulu fork epoch to 100
+		config := params.BeaconConfig().Copy()
+		config.FuluForkEpoch = 100
+		params.OverrideBeaconConfig(config)
+
+		chainService := &blockchainmock.ChainService{}
+		currentSlot := primitives.Slot(0) // Current slot 0 (epoch 0, before epoch 100)
+		chainService.Slot = &currentSlot
+
+		// Create a mock blocker to avoid nil pointer
+		mockBlocker := &testutil.MockBlocker{
+			DataColumnsFunc: func(ctx context.Context, id string, indices []int) ([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, *core.RpcError) {
+				return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.New("before Fulu fork"), Reason: core.BadRequest}
+			},
+		}
+
+		s := &Server{
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: chainService,
+			Blocker:            mockBlocker,
+		}
+
+		request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/eth/v1/debug/beacon/data_column_sidecars/head", nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+
+		s.DataColumnSidecars(writer, request)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, writer.Code)
+		assert.StringContains(t, "Data columns are not supported - before Fulu fork", writer.Body.String())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Invalid indices", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Save the original config
+		originalConfig := params.BeaconConfig()
+		defer func() { params.OverrideBeaconConfig(originalConfig) }()
+
+		// Set Fulu fork epoch to 0 (already activated)
+		config := params.BeaconConfig().Copy()
+		config.FuluForkEpoch = 0
+		params.OverrideBeaconConfig(config)
+
+		chainService := &blockchainmock.ChainService{}
+		currentSlot := primitives.Slot(0) // Current slot 0 (epoch 0, at fork)
+		chainService.Slot = &currentSlot
+
+		// Create a mock blocker to avoid nil pointer
+		mockBlocker := &testutil.MockBlocker{
+			DataColumnsFunc: func(ctx context.Context, id string, indices []int) ([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, *core.RpcError) {
+				return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.New("invalid index"), Reason: core.BadRequest}
+			},
+		}
+
+		s := &Server{
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: chainService,
+			Blocker:            mockBlocker,
+		}
+
+		// Test with invalid index (out of range)
+		request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/eth/v1/debug/beacon/data_column_sidecars/head?indices=9999", nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+
+		s.DataColumnSidecars(writer, request)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, writer.Code)
+		assert.StringContains(t, "requested data column indices [9999] are invalid", writer.Body.String())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Block not found", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Save the original config
+		originalConfig := params.BeaconConfig()
+		defer func() { params.OverrideBeaconConfig(originalConfig) }()
+
+		// Set Fulu fork epoch to 0 (already activated)
+		config := params.BeaconConfig().Copy()
+		config.FuluForkEpoch = 0
+		params.OverrideBeaconConfig(config)
+
+		chainService := &blockchainmock.ChainService{}
+		currentSlot := primitives.Slot(0) // Current slot 0
+		chainService.Slot = &currentSlot
+
+		// Create a mock blocker that returns block not found
+		mockBlocker := &testutil.MockBlocker{
+			DataColumnsFunc: func(ctx context.Context, id string, indices []int) ([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, *core.RpcError) {
+				return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.New("block not found"), Reason: core.NotFound}
+			},
+			BlockToReturn: nil, // Block not found
+		}
+
+		s := &Server{
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: chainService,
+			Blocker:            mockBlocker,
+		}
+
+		request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/eth/v1/debug/beacon/data_column_sidecars/head", nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+
+		s.DataColumnSidecars(writer, request)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, writer.Code)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Empty data columns", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Save the original config
+		originalConfig := params.BeaconConfig()
+		defer func() { params.OverrideBeaconConfig(originalConfig) }()
+
+		// Set Fulu fork epoch to 0
+		config := params.BeaconConfig().Copy()
+		config.FuluForkEpoch = 0
+		params.OverrideBeaconConfig(config)
+
+		// Create a simple test block
+		signedTestBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+		roBlock, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(signedTestBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		chainService := &blockchainmock.ChainService{}
+		currentSlot := primitives.Slot(0) // Current slot 0
+		chainService.Slot = &currentSlot
+		chainService.OptimisticRoots = make(map[[32]byte]bool)
+		chainService.FinalizedRoots = make(map[[32]byte]bool)
+
+		mockBlocker := &testutil.MockBlocker{
+			DataColumnsFunc: func(ctx context.Context, id string, indices []int) ([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, *core.RpcError) {
+				return []blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn{}, nil // Empty data columns
+			},
+			BlockToReturn: roBlock,
+		}
+
+		s := &Server{
+			GenesisTimeFetcher:    chainService,
+			OptimisticModeFetcher: chainService,
+			FinalizationFetcher:   chainService,
+			Blocker:               mockBlocker,
+		}
+
+		request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/eth/v1/debug/beacon/data_column_sidecars/head", nil)
+		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		writer.Body = &bytes.Buffer{}
+
+		s.DataColumnSidecars(writer, request)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code)
+
+		resp := &structs.GetDebugDataColumnSidecarsResponse{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), resp))
+		require.Equal(t, 0, len(resp.Data))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestParseDataColumnIndices(t *testing.T) {
+	// Save the original config
+	originalConfig := params.BeaconConfig()
+	defer func() { params.OverrideBeaconConfig(originalConfig) }()
+
+	// Set NumberOfColumns to 128 for testing
+	config := params.BeaconConfig().Copy()
+	config.NumberOfColumns = 128
+	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(config)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		queryParams map[string][]string
+		expected    []int
+		expectError bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "no indices",
+			queryParams: map[string][]string{},
+			expected:    []int{},
+			expectError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "valid indices",
+			queryParams: map[string][]string{"indices": {"0", "1", "127"}},
+			expected:    []int{0, 1, 127},
+			expectError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "duplicate indices",
+			queryParams: map[string][]string{"indices": {"0", "1", "0"}},
+			expected:    []int{0, 1},
+			expectError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "invalid string index",
+			queryParams: map[string][]string{"indices": {"abc"}},
+			expected:    nil,
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "negative index",
+			queryParams: map[string][]string{"indices": {"-1"}},
+			expected:    nil,
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "index too large",
+			queryParams: map[string][]string{"indices": {"128"}}, // 128 >= NumberOfColumns (128)
+			expected:    nil,
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "mixed valid and invalid",
+			queryParams: map[string][]string{"indices": {"0", "abc", "1"}},
+			expected:    nil,
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			u, err := url.Parse("http://example.com/test")
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			q := u.Query()
+			for key, values := range tt.queryParams {
+				for _, value := range values {
+					q.Add(key, value)
+				}
+			}
+			u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
+
+			result, err := parseDataColumnIndices(u)
+
+			if tt.expectError {
+				assert.NotNil(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				assert.DeepEqual(t, tt.expected, result)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildDataColumnSidecarsSSZResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("empty data columns", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result, err := buildDataColumnSidecarsSSZResponse([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.DeepEqual(t, []byte{}, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("get SSZ size", func(t *testing.T) {
+		size := (&ethpb.DataColumnSidecar{}).SizeSSZ()
+		assert.Equal(t, true, size > 0)
+	})
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/debug/server.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/debug/server.go
@@ -20,4 +20,6 @@ type Server struct {
 	ForkchoiceFetcher     blockchain.ForkchoiceFetcher
 	FinalizationFetcher   blockchain.FinalizationFetcher
 	ChainInfoFetcher      blockchain.ChainInfoFetcher
+	GenesisTimeFetcher    blockchain.TimeFetcher
+	Blocker               lookup.Blocker
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/helpers/error_handling.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/helpers/error_handling.go
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ func HandleIsOptimisticError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
 		return
 	}

-	var blockRootsNotFoundErr *lookup.BlockRootsNotFoundError
-	if errors.As(err, &blockRootsNotFoundErr) {
+	var blockNotFoundErr *lookup.BlockNotFoundError
+	if errors.As(err, &blockNotFoundErr) {
 		httputil.HandleError(w, "Could not check optimistic status: "+err.Error(), http.StatusNotFound)
 		return
 	}
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/helpers/sync.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/helpers/sync.go
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func isStateRootOptimistic(
 		return true, errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get block roots for slot %d", st.Slot())
 	}
 	if !has {
-		return true, lookup.NewBlockRootsNotFoundError()
+		return true, lookup.NewBlockNotFoundError("no block roots returned from the database")
 	}
 	for _, r := range roots {
 		b, err := database.Block(ctx, r)
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/helpers/sync_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/helpers/sync_test.go
@@ -286,8 +286,8 @@ func TestIsOptimistic(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			mf := &testutil.MockStater{BeaconState: st}
 			_, err = IsOptimistic(ctx, []byte(hexutil.Encode(bytesutil.PadTo([]byte("root"), 32))), cs, mf, cs, db)
-			var blockRootsNotFoundErr *lookup.BlockRootsNotFoundError
-			require.Equal(t, true, errors.As(err, &blockRootsNotFoundErr))
+			var blockNotFoundErr *lookup.BlockNotFoundError
+			require.Equal(t, true, errors.As(err, &blockNotFoundErr))
 		})
 	})

@@ -395,11 +395,11 @@ func TestHandleIsOptimisticError(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	t.Run("no block roots error handled as 404", func(t *testing.T) {
 		rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		blockRootsErr := lookup.NewBlockRootsNotFoundError()
-		HandleIsOptimisticError(rr, blockRootsErr)
+		blockNotFoundErr := lookup.NewBlockNotFoundError("no block roots returned from the database")
+		HandleIsOptimisticError(rr, blockNotFoundErr)

 		require.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, rr.Code)
-		require.StringContains(t, blockRootsErr.Error(), rr.Body.String())
+		require.StringContains(t, blockNotFoundErr.Error(), rr.Body.String())
 	})

 	t.Run("generic error handled as 500", func(t *testing.T) {
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/light-client/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/light-client/BUILD.bazel
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ go_library(
    deps = [
        "//api:go_default_library",
        "//api/server/structs:go_default_library",
-        "//beacon-chain/core/light-client:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/blockchain:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/light-client:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/rpc/eth/shared:go_default_library",
        "//config/params:go_default_library",
        "//encoding/bytesutil:go_default_library",
@@ -32,9 +33,11 @@ go_test(
    deps = [
        "//api/server/structs:go_default_library",
        "//async/event:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/blockchain/testing:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/helpers:go_default_library",
-        "//beacon-chain/core/light-client:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/db:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db/testing:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/light-client:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/p2p/testing:go_default_library",
        "//config/fieldparams:go_default_library",
        "//config/params:go_default_library",
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/light-client/handlers.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/light-client/handlers.go
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/api"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/api/server/structs"
-	lightclient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/light-client"
+	lightclient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/light-client"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/shared"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/encoding/bytesutil"
@@ -90,10 +90,21 @@ func (s *Server) GetLightClientUpdatesByRange(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.R
 		return
 	}

+	if startPeriod*uint64(config.EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod) < uint64(config.AltairForkEpoch) {
+		httputil.HandleError(w, "Invalid 'start_period': before Altair fork", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
 	endPeriod := startPeriod + count - 1

+	headBlock, err := s.HeadFetcher.HeadBlock(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		httputil.HandleError(w, "Could not get head block: "+err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
 	// get updates
-	updates, err := s.LCStore.LightClientUpdates(ctx, startPeriod, endPeriod)
+	updates, err := s.LCStore.LightClientUpdates(ctx, startPeriod, endPeriod, headBlock)
 	if err != nil {
 		httputil.HandleError(w, "Could not get light client updates from DB: "+err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/light-client/handlers_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/light-client/handlers_test.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package lightclient

 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/rand"
@@ -12,9 +13,11 @@ import (

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/api/server/structs"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/async/event"
+	blockchainTest "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/blockchain/testing"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	lightclient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/light-client"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db"
 	dbtesting "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/testing"
+	lightclient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/light-client"
 	p2ptesting "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/p2p/testing"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
@@ -55,7 +58,8 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)

 			db := dbtesting.SetupDB(t)
-			lcStore := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(db, &p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed))
+			lcStore := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(&p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), db)
+			require.NoError(t, err)

 			err = db.SaveLightClientBootstrap(l.Ctx, blockRoot[:], bootstrap)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -99,7 +103,8 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)

 			db := dbtesting.SetupDB(t)
-			lcStore := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(db, &p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed))
+			lcStore := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(&p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), db)
+			require.NoError(t, err)

 			err = db.SaveLightClientBootstrap(l.Ctx, blockRoot[:], bootstrap)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -142,8 +147,9 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	t.Run("no bootstrap found", func(t *testing.T) {
+		lcStore := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(&p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), dbtesting.SetupDB(t))
 		s := &Server{
-			LCStore: lightclient.NewLightClientStore(dbtesting.SetupDB(t), &p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed)),
+			LCStore: lcStore,
 		}
 		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "http://foo.com/", nil)
 		request.SetPathValue("block_root", hexutil.Encode([]byte{0x00, 0x01, 0x02}))
@@ -185,13 +191,24 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientByRange(t *testing.T) {
 					updates = append(updates, update)
 				}

+				lcStore := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(&p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), db)
+
+				blk := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+				signedBlk, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
 				s := &Server{
-					LCStore: lightclient.NewLightClientStore(db, &p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed)),
+					LCStore: lcStore,
+					HeadFetcher: &blockchainTest.ChainService{
+						Block: signedBlk,
+					},
 				}

+				saveHead(t, ctx, db)
+
 				updatePeriod := startPeriod
 				for _, update := range updates {
-					err := s.LCStore.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, updatePeriod, update)
+					err := db.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, updatePeriod, update)
 					require.NoError(t, err)
 					updatePeriod++
 				}
@@ -326,20 +343,30 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientByRange(t *testing.T) {
 				secondForkSlot := primitives.Slot(params.BeaconConfig().VersionToForkEpochMap()[testVersion+1] * primitives.Epoch(config.SlotsPerEpoch)).Add(1)

 				db := dbtesting.SetupDB(t)
+				lcStore := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(&p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), db)
+
+				blk := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+				signedBlk, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
 				s := &Server{
-					LCStore: lightclient.NewLightClientStore(db, &p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed)),
+					LCStore: lcStore,
+					HeadFetcher: &blockchainTest.ChainService{
+						Block: signedBlk,
+					},
 				}

+				saveHead(t, ctx, db)
+
 				updates := make([]interfaces.LightClientUpdate, 2)

 				updatePeriod := firstForkSlot.Div(uint64(config.EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod)).Div(uint64(config.SlotsPerEpoch))
 				startPeriod := updatePeriod

-				var err error
 				updates[0], err = createUpdate(t, testVersion)
 				require.NoError(t, err)

-				err = s.LCStore.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, uint64(updatePeriod), updates[0])
+				err = db.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, uint64(updatePeriod), updates[0])
 				require.NoError(t, err)

 				updatePeriod = secondForkSlot.Div(uint64(config.EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod)).Div(uint64(config.SlotsPerEpoch))
@@ -347,7 +374,7 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientByRange(t *testing.T) {
 				updates[1], err = createUpdate(t, testVersion+1)
 				require.NoError(t, err)

-				err = s.LCStore.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, uint64(updatePeriod), updates[1])
+				err = db.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, uint64(updatePeriod), updates[1])
 				require.NoError(t, err)

 				t.Run("json", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -446,19 +473,30 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientByRange(t *testing.T) {
 		slot := primitives.Slot(config.AltairForkEpoch * primitives.Epoch(config.SlotsPerEpoch)).Add(1)

 		db := dbtesting.SetupDB(t)
+		lcStore := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(&p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), db)
+
+		blk := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+		signedBlk, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
 		s := &Server{
-			LCStore: lightclient.NewLightClientStore(db, &p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed)),
+			LCStore: lcStore,
+			HeadFetcher: &blockchainTest.ChainService{
+				Block: signedBlk,
+			},
 		}

+		saveHead(t, ctx, db)
+
 		updates := make([]interfaces.LightClientUpdate, 3)

 		updatePeriod := slot.Div(uint64(config.EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod)).Div(uint64(config.SlotsPerEpoch))
-		var err error
+
 		for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
 			updates[i], err = createUpdate(t, version.Altair)
 			require.NoError(t, err)

-			err = s.LCStore.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, uint64(updatePeriod), updates[i])
+			err = db.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, uint64(updatePeriod), updates[i])
 			require.NoError(t, err)

 			updatePeriod++
@@ -493,20 +531,30 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientByRange(t *testing.T) {
 		slot := primitives.Slot(config.AltairForkEpoch * primitives.Epoch(config.SlotsPerEpoch)).Add(1)

 		db := dbtesting.SetupDB(t)
+		lcStore := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(&p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), db)
+
+		blk := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+		signedBlk, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
 		s := &Server{
-			LCStore: lightclient.NewLightClientStore(db, &p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed)),
+			LCStore: lcStore,
+			HeadFetcher: &blockchainTest.ChainService{
+				Block: signedBlk,
+			},
 		}

+		saveHead(t, ctx, db)
+
 		updates := make([]interfaces.LightClientUpdate, 3)

 		updatePeriod := slot.Div(uint64(config.EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod)).Div(uint64(config.SlotsPerEpoch))

-		var err error
 		for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
 			updates[i], err = createUpdate(t, version.Altair)
 			require.NoError(t, err)

-			err = s.LCStore.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, uint64(updatePeriod), updates[i])
+			err = db.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, uint64(updatePeriod), updates[i])
 			require.NoError(t, err)

 			updatePeriod++
@@ -536,10 +584,16 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientByRange(t *testing.T) {
 	})

 	t.Run("start period before altair", func(t *testing.T) {
+		config.AltairForkEpoch = 1
+		params.OverrideBeaconConfig(config)
+
 		db := dbtesting.SetupDB(t)
+		lcStore := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(&p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), db)
+
 		s := &Server{
-			LCStore: lightclient.NewLightClientStore(db, &p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed)),
+			LCStore: lcStore,
 		}
+
 		startPeriod := 0
 		url := fmt.Sprintf("http://foo.com/?count=128&start_period=%d", startPeriod)
 		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
@@ -548,11 +602,10 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientByRange(t *testing.T) {

 		s.GetLightClientUpdatesByRange(writer, request)

-		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, writer.Code)
-		var resp structs.LightClientUpdatesByRangeResponse
-		err := json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), &resp.Updates)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 0, len(resp.Updates))
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, writer.Code)
+
+		config.AltairForkEpoch = 0
+		params.OverrideBeaconConfig(config)
 	})

 	t.Run("missing updates", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -560,15 +613,25 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientByRange(t *testing.T) {

 		t.Run("missing update in the middle", func(t *testing.T) {
 			db := dbtesting.SetupDB(t)
+			lcStore := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(&p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), db)
+
+			blk := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+			signedBlk, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
 			s := &Server{
-				LCStore: lightclient.NewLightClientStore(db, &p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed)),
+				LCStore: lcStore,
+				HeadFetcher: &blockchainTest.ChainService{
+					Block: signedBlk,
+				},
 			}

+			saveHead(t, ctx, db)
+
 			updates := make([]interfaces.LightClientUpdate, 3)

 			updatePeriod := slot.Div(uint64(config.EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod)).Div(uint64(config.SlotsPerEpoch))

-			var err error
 			for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
 				if i == 1 { // skip this update
 					updatePeriod++
@@ -577,7 +640,7 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientByRange(t *testing.T) {
 				updates[i], err = createUpdate(t, version.Altair)
 				require.NoError(t, err)

-				err = s.LCStore.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, uint64(updatePeriod), updates[i])
+				err = db.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, uint64(updatePeriod), updates[i])
 				require.NoError(t, err)

 				updatePeriod++
@@ -604,15 +667,25 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientByRange(t *testing.T) {

 		t.Run("missing update at the beginning", func(t *testing.T) {
 			db := dbtesting.SetupDB(t)
+			lcStore := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(&p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), db)
+
+			blk := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+			signedBlk, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
 			s := &Server{
-				LCStore: lightclient.NewLightClientStore(db, &p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed)),
+				LCStore: lcStore,
+				HeadFetcher: &blockchainTest.ChainService{
+					Block: signedBlk,
+				},
 			}

+			saveHead(t, ctx, db)
+
 			updates := make([]interfaces.LightClientUpdate, 3)

 			updatePeriod := slot.Div(uint64(config.EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod)).Div(uint64(config.SlotsPerEpoch))

-			var err error
 			for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
 				if i == 0 { // skip this update
 					updatePeriod++
@@ -622,7 +695,7 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientByRange(t *testing.T) {
 				updates[i], err = createUpdate(t, version.Altair)
 				require.NoError(t, err)

-				err = s.LCStore.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, uint64(updatePeriod), updates[i])
+				err = db.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, uint64(updatePeriod), updates[i])
 				require.NoError(t, err)

 				updatePeriod++
@@ -665,7 +738,12 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientFinalityUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 			update, err := lightclient.NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
 			require.NoError(t, err)

-			s := &Server{LCStore: lightclient.NewLightClientStore(dbtesting.SetupDB(t), &p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed))}
+			lcStore := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(&p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), dbtesting.SetupDB(t))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			s := &Server{
+				LCStore: lcStore,
+			}
 			s.LCStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(update, false)

 			request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "http://foo.com", nil)
@@ -690,7 +768,12 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientFinalityUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 			update, err := lightclient.NewLightClientFinalityUpdateFromBeaconState(ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock, l.FinalizedBlock)
 			require.NoError(t, err)

-			s := &Server{LCStore: lightclient.NewLightClientStore(dbtesting.SetupDB(t), &p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed))}
+			lcStore := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(&p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), dbtesting.SetupDB(t))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			s := &Server{
+				LCStore: lcStore,
+			}
 			s.LCStore.SetLastFinalityUpdate(update, false)

 			request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "http://foo.com", nil)
@@ -729,7 +812,11 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientOptimisticUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	helpers.ClearCache()

 	t.Run("no update", func(t *testing.T) {
-		s := &Server{LCStore: lightclient.NewLightClientStore(dbtesting.SetupDB(t), &p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed))}
+		lcStore := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(&p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), dbtesting.SetupDB(t))
+
+		s := &Server{
+			LCStore: lcStore,
+		}

 		request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "http://foo.com", nil)
 		writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -745,7 +832,12 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientOptimisticUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 			update, err := lightclient.NewLightClientOptimisticUpdateFromBeaconState(ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock)
 			require.NoError(t, err)

-			s := &Server{LCStore: lightclient.NewLightClientStore(dbtesting.SetupDB(t), &p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed))}
+			lcStore := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(&p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), dbtesting.SetupDB(t))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			s := &Server{
+				LCStore: lcStore,
+			}
 			s.LCStore.SetLastOptimisticUpdate(update, false)

 			request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "http://foo.com", nil)
@@ -769,7 +861,12 @@ func TestLightClientHandler_GetLightClientOptimisticUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 			update, err := lightclient.NewLightClientOptimisticUpdateFromBeaconState(ctx, l.State, l.Block, l.AttestedState, l.AttestedBlock)
 			require.NoError(t, err)

-			s := &Server{LCStore: lightclient.NewLightClientStore(dbtesting.SetupDB(t), &p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed))}
+			lcStore := lightclient.NewLightClientStore(&p2ptesting.FakeP2P{}, new(event.Feed), dbtesting.SetupDB(t))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			s := &Server{
+				LCStore: lcStore,
+			}
 			s.LCStore.SetLastOptimisticUpdate(update, false)

 			request := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "http://foo.com", nil)
@@ -984,3 +1081,14 @@ func createUpdate(t *testing.T, v int) (interfaces.LightClientUpdate, error) {

 	return update, nil
 }
+
+func saveHead(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, d db.Database) {
+	blk := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+	blkRoot, err := blk.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, d, blk)
+	st, err := util.NewBeaconState()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, d.SaveState(ctx, st, blkRoot))
+	require.NoError(t, d.SaveHeadBlockRoot(ctx, blkRoot))
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/light-client/server.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/light-client/server.go
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 package lightclient

 import (
-	lightClient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/light-client"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/blockchain"
+	lightClient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/light-client"
 )

 type Server struct {
-	LCStore *lightClient.Store
+	LCStore     *lightClient.Store
+	HeadFetcher blockchain.HeadFetcher
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/shared/errors.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/shared/errors.go
@@ -29,6 +29,11 @@ func WriteStateFetchError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
 // WriteBlockFetchError writes an appropriate error based on the supplied argument.
 // The argument error should be a result of fetching block.
 func WriteBlockFetchError(w http.ResponseWriter, blk interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock, err error) bool {
+	var blockNotFoundErr *lookup.BlockNotFoundError
+	if errors.As(err, &blockNotFoundErr) {
+		httputil.HandleError(w, "Block not found: "+blockNotFoundErr.Error(), http.StatusNotFound)
+		return false
+	}
 	var invalidBlockIdErr *lookup.BlockIdParseError
 	if errors.As(err, &invalidBlockIdErr) {
 		httputil.HandleError(w, "Invalid block ID: "+invalidBlockIdErr.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/shared/errors_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/eth/shared/errors_test.go
@@ -49,3 +49,59 @@ func TestWriteStateFetchError(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), e), "failed to unmarshal response")
 	}
 }
+
+// TestWriteBlockFetchError tests the WriteBlockFetchError function
+// to ensure that the correct error message and code are written to the response
+// and that the function returns the correct boolean value.
+func TestWriteBlockFetchError(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name            string
+		err             error
+		expectedMessage string
+		expectedCode    int
+		expectedReturn  bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:            "BlockNotFoundError should return 404",
+			err:             lookup.NewBlockNotFoundError("block not found at slot 123"),
+			expectedMessage: "Block not found",
+			expectedCode:    http.StatusNotFound,
+			expectedReturn:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "BlockIdParseError should return 400",
+			err:             &lookup.BlockIdParseError{},
+			expectedMessage: "Invalid block ID",
+			expectedCode:    http.StatusBadRequest,
+			expectedReturn:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Generic error should return 500",
+			err:             errors.New("database connection failed"),
+			expectedMessage: "Could not get block from block ID",
+			expectedCode:    http.StatusInternalServerError,
+			expectedReturn:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Nil block should return 404",
+			err:             nil,
+			expectedMessage: "Could not find requested block",
+			expectedCode:    http.StatusNotFound,
+			expectedReturn:  false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			result := WriteBlockFetchError(writer, nil, c.err)
+
+			assert.Equal(t, c.expectedReturn, result, "incorrect return value")
+			assert.Equal(t, c.expectedCode, writer.Code, "incorrect status code")
+			assert.StringContains(t, c.expectedMessage, writer.Body.String(), "incorrect error message")
+
+			e := &httputil.DefaultJsonError{}
+			assert.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(writer.Body.Bytes(), e), "failed to unmarshal response")
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/lookup/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/lookup/BUILD.bazel
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ go_library(
        "//beacon-chain/db:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db/filesystem:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/rpc/core:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/rpc/options:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/state:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/state/stategen:go_default_library",
        "//cmd/beacon-chain/flags:go_default_library",
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ go_test(
        "//beacon-chain/db/filesystem:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db/testing:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/rpc/core:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/rpc/options:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/rpc/testutil:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/state/state-native:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/state/stategen:go_default_library",
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/lookup/blocker.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/lookup/blocker.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/filesystem"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/rpc/core"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/rpc/options"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/cmd/beacon-chain/flags"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
@@ -23,17 +24,19 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )

-type BlockRootsNotFoundError struct {
+// BlockNotFoundError represents an error when a block cannot be found.
+type BlockNotFoundError struct {
 	message string
 }

-func NewBlockRootsNotFoundError() *BlockRootsNotFoundError {
-	return &BlockRootsNotFoundError{
-		message: "no block roots returned from the database",
+// NewBlockNotFoundError creates a new BlockNotFoundError with a custom message.
+func NewBlockNotFoundError(msg string) *BlockNotFoundError {
+	return &BlockNotFoundError{
+		message: msg,
 	}
 }

-func (e BlockRootsNotFoundError) Error() string {
+func (e *BlockNotFoundError) Error() string {
 	return e.message
 }

@@ -57,7 +60,8 @@ func (e BlockIdParseError) Error() string {
 // Blocker is responsible for retrieving blocks.
 type Blocker interface {
 	Block(ctx context.Context, id []byte) (interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock, error)
-	Blobs(ctx context.Context, id string, indices []int) ([]*blocks.VerifiedROBlob, *core.RpcError)
+	Blobs(ctx context.Context, id string, opts ...options.BlobsOption) ([]*blocks.VerifiedROBlob, *core.RpcError)
+	DataColumns(ctx context.Context, id string, indices []int) ([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, *core.RpcError)
 }

 // BeaconDbBlocker is an implementation of Blocker. It retrieves blocks from the beacon chain database.
@@ -69,6 +73,141 @@ type BeaconDbBlocker struct {
 	DataColumnStorage  *filesystem.DataColumnStorage
 }

+// resolveBlockIDByRootOrSlot resolves a block ID that is either a root (hex string or raw bytes) or a slot number.
+func (p *BeaconDbBlocker) resolveBlockIDByRootOrSlot(ctx context.Context, id string) ([fieldparams.RootLength]byte, interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock, error) {
+	var rootSlice []byte
+
+	// Check if it's a hex-encoded root
+	if bytesutil.IsHex([]byte(id)) {
+		var err error
+		rootSlice, err = bytesutil.DecodeHexWithLength(id, fieldparams.RootLength)
+		if err != nil {
+			e := NewBlockIdParseError(err)
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, &e
+		}
+	} else if len(id) == 32 {
+		// Handle raw 32-byte root
+		rootSlice = []byte(id)
+	} else {
+		// Try to parse as slot number
+		slot, err := strconv.ParseUint(id, 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			e := NewBlockIdParseError(err)
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, &e
+		}
+
+		// Get block roots for the slot
+		ok, roots, err := p.BeaconDB.BlockRootsBySlot(ctx, primitives.Slot(slot))
+		if err != nil {
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "could not retrieve block roots for slot %d", slot)
+		}
+		if !ok || len(roots) == 0 {
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, NewBlockNotFoundError(fmt.Sprintf("no blocks found at slot %d", slot))
+		}
+
+		// Find the canonical block root
+		if p.ChainInfoFetcher == nil {
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, errors.New("chain info fetcher is not configured")
+		}
+
+		for _, root := range roots {
+			canonical, err := p.ChainInfoFetcher.IsCanonical(ctx, root)
+			if err != nil {
+				return [32]byte{}, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "could not determine if block root is canonical")
+			}
+			if canonical {
+				rootSlice = root[:]
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		// If no canonical block found, rootSlice remains nil
+		if rootSlice == nil {
+			// No canonical block at this slot
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, NewBlockNotFoundError(fmt.Sprintf("no canonical block found at slot %d", slot))
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Fetch the block using the root
+	root := bytesutil.ToBytes32(rootSlice)
+	blk, err := p.BeaconDB.Block(ctx, root)
+	if err != nil {
+		return [32]byte{}, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to retrieve block %#x from db", rootSlice)
+	}
+	if blk == nil {
+		return [32]byte{}, nil, NewBlockNotFoundError(fmt.Sprintf("block %#x not found in db", rootSlice))
+	}
+
+	return root, blk, nil
+}
+
+// resolveBlockID resolves a block ID to root and signed block.
+// Fork validation is handled outside this function by the calling methods.
+func (p *BeaconDbBlocker) resolveBlockID(ctx context.Context, id string) ([fieldparams.RootLength]byte, interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock, error) {
+	switch id {
+	case "genesis":
+		blk, err := p.BeaconDB.GenesisBlock(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not retrieve genesis block")
+		}
+		if blk == nil {
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, NewBlockNotFoundError("genesis block not found")
+		}
+		root, err := blk.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+		if err != nil {
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not get genesis block root")
+		}
+		return root, blk, nil
+
+	case "head":
+		blk, err := p.ChainInfoFetcher.HeadBlock(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not retrieve head block")
+		}
+		if blk == nil {
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, NewBlockNotFoundError("head block not found")
+		}
+		root, err := blk.Block().HashTreeRoot()
+		if err != nil {
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not get head block root")
+		}
+		return root, blk, nil
+
+	case "finalized":
+		finalized := p.ChainInfoFetcher.FinalizedCheckpt()
+		if finalized == nil {
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, errors.New("received nil finalized checkpoint")
+		}
+		finalizedRoot := bytesutil.ToBytes32(finalized.Root)
+		blk, err := p.BeaconDB.Block(ctx, finalizedRoot)
+		if err != nil {
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not retrieve finalized block")
+		}
+		if blk == nil {
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, NewBlockNotFoundError(fmt.Sprintf("finalized block %#x not found", finalizedRoot))
+		}
+		return finalizedRoot, blk, nil
+
+	case "justified":
+		jcp := p.ChainInfoFetcher.CurrentJustifiedCheckpt()
+		if jcp == nil {
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, errors.New("received nil justified checkpoint")
+		}
+		justifiedRoot := bytesutil.ToBytes32(jcp.Root)
+		blk, err := p.BeaconDB.Block(ctx, justifiedRoot)
+		if err != nil {
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not retrieve justified block")
+		}
+		if blk == nil {
+			return [32]byte{}, nil, NewBlockNotFoundError(fmt.Sprintf("justified block %#x not found", justifiedRoot))
+		}
+		return justifiedRoot, blk, nil
+
+	default:
+		return p.resolveBlockIDByRootOrSlot(ctx, id)
+	}
+}
+
 // Block returns the beacon block for a given identifier. The identifier can be one of:
 //   - "head" (canonical head in node's view)
 //   - "genesis"
@@ -78,76 +217,16 @@ type BeaconDbBlocker struct {
 //   - <hex encoded block root with '0x' prefix>
 //   - <block root>
 func (p *BeaconDbBlocker) Block(ctx context.Context, id []byte) (interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock, error) {
-	var err error
-	var blk interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock
-	switch string(id) {
-	case "head":
-		blk, err = p.ChainInfoFetcher.HeadBlock(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not retrieve head block")
-		}
-	case "finalized":
-		finalized := p.ChainInfoFetcher.FinalizedCheckpt()
-		finalizedRoot := bytesutil.ToBytes32(finalized.Root)
-		blk, err = p.BeaconDB.Block(ctx, finalizedRoot)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.New("could not get finalized block from db")
-		}
-	case "genesis":
-		blk, err = p.BeaconDB.GenesisBlock(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not retrieve genesis block")
-		}
-	default:
-		if bytesutil.IsHex(id) {
-			decoded, err := hexutil.Decode(string(id))
-			if err != nil {
-				e := NewBlockIdParseError(err)
-				return nil, &e
-			}
-			blk, err = p.BeaconDB.Block(ctx, bytesutil.ToBytes32(decoded))
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not retrieve block")
-			}
-		} else if len(id) == 32 {
-			blk, err = p.BeaconDB.Block(ctx, bytesutil.ToBytes32(id))
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not retrieve block")
-			}
-		} else {
-			slot, err := strconv.ParseUint(string(id), 10, 64)
-			if err != nil {
-				e := NewBlockIdParseError(err)
-				return nil, &e
-			}
-			blks, err := p.BeaconDB.BlocksBySlot(ctx, primitives.Slot(slot))
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "could not retrieve blocks for slot %d", slot)
-			}
-			_, roots, err := p.BeaconDB.BlockRootsBySlot(ctx, primitives.Slot(slot))
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "could not retrieve block roots for slot %d", slot)
-			}
-			numBlks := len(blks)
-			if numBlks == 0 {
-				return nil, nil
-			}
-			for i, b := range blks {
-				canonical, err := p.ChainInfoFetcher.IsCanonical(ctx, roots[i])
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "could not determine if block root is canonical")
-				}
-				if canonical {
-					blk = b
-					break
-				}
-			}
-		}
+	_, blk, err := p.resolveBlockID(ctx, string(id))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	return blk, nil
 }

-// Blobs returns the blobs for a given block id identifier and blob indices. The identifier can be one of:
+// Blobs returns the fetched blobs for a given block ID with configurable options.
+// Options can specify either blob indices or versioned hashes for retrieval.
+// The identifier can be one of:
 //   - "head" (canonical head in node's view)
 //   - "genesis"
 //   - "finalized"
@@ -158,97 +237,46 @@ func (p *BeaconDbBlocker) Block(ctx context.Context, id []byte) (interfaces.Read
 //
 // cases:
 //   - no block, 404
-//   - block exists, no commitment, 200 w/ empty list
 //   - block exists, has commitments, inside retention period (greater of protocol- or user-specified) serve then w/ 200 unless we hit an error reading them.
 //     we are technically not supposed to import a block to forkchoice unless we have the blobs, so the nuance here is if we can't find the file and we are inside the protocol-defined retention period, then it's actually a 500.
 //   - block exists, has commitments, outside retention period (greater of protocol- or user-specified) - ie just like block exists, no commitment
-func (p *BeaconDbBlocker) Blobs(ctx context.Context, id string, indices []int) ([]*blocks.VerifiedROBlob, *core.RpcError) {
-	var rootSlice []byte
-	switch id {
-	case "genesis":
-		return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.New("blobs are not supported for Phase 0 fork"), Reason: core.BadRequest}
-	case "head":
-		var err error
-		rootSlice, err = p.ChainInfoFetcher.HeadRoot(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.Wrapf(err, "could not retrieve head root"), Reason: core.Internal}
-		}
-	case "finalized":
-		fcp := p.ChainInfoFetcher.FinalizedCheckpt()
-		if fcp == nil {
-			return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.New("received nil finalized checkpoint"), Reason: core.Internal}
-		}
-		rootSlice = fcp.Root
-	case "justified":
-		jcp := p.ChainInfoFetcher.CurrentJustifiedCheckpt()
-		if jcp == nil {
-			return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.New("received nil justified checkpoint"), Reason: core.Internal}
-		}
-		rootSlice = jcp.Root
-	default:
-		if bytesutil.IsHex([]byte(id)) {
-			var err error
-			rootSlice, err = bytesutil.DecodeHexWithLength(id, fieldparams.RootLength)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: NewBlockIdParseError(err), Reason: core.BadRequest}
-			}
-		} else {
-			slot, err := strconv.ParseUint(id, 10, 64)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: NewBlockIdParseError(err), Reason: core.BadRequest}
-			}
-			denebStart, err := slots.EpochStart(params.BeaconConfig().DenebForkEpoch)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.Wrap(err, "could not calculate Deneb start slot"), Reason: core.Internal}
-			}
-			if primitives.Slot(slot) < denebStart {
-				return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.New("blobs are not supported before Deneb fork"), Reason: core.BadRequest}
-			}
-			ok, roots, err := p.BeaconDB.BlockRootsBySlot(ctx, primitives.Slot(slot))
-			if !ok {
-				return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: fmt.Errorf("no block roots at slot %d", slot), Reason: core.NotFound}
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to get block roots for slot %d", slot), Reason: core.Internal}
-			}
-			rootSlice = roots[0][:]
-			if len(roots) == 1 {
-				break
-			}
-			for _, blockRoot := range roots {
-				canonical, err := p.ChainInfoFetcher.IsCanonical(ctx, blockRoot)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.Wrapf(err, "could not determine if block %#x is canonical", blockRoot), Reason: core.Internal}
-				}
-				if canonical {
-					rootSlice = blockRoot[:]
-					break
-				}
-			}
-		}
+func (p *BeaconDbBlocker) Blobs(ctx context.Context, id string, opts ...options.BlobsOption) ([]*blocks.VerifiedROBlob, *core.RpcError) {
+	// Apply options
+	cfg := &options.BlobsConfig{}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(cfg)
 	}

-	root := bytesutil.ToBytes32(rootSlice)
+	// Check for genesis block first (not supported for blobs)
+	if id == "genesis" {
+		return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.New("not supported for Phase 0 fork"), Reason: core.BadRequest}
+	}

-	roSignedBlock, err := p.BeaconDB.Block(ctx, root)
+	// Resolve block ID to root and block
+	root, roSignedBlock, err := p.resolveBlockID(ctx, id)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to retrieve block %#x from db", rootSlice), Reason: core.Internal}
+		var blockNotFound *BlockNotFoundError
+		var blockIdParseErr *BlockIdParseError
+
+		reason := core.Internal // Default to Internal for unexpected errors
+		if errors.As(err, &blockNotFound) {
+			reason = core.NotFound
+		} else if errors.As(err, &blockIdParseErr) {
+			reason = core.BadRequest
+		}
+		return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: err, Reason: core.ErrorReason(reason)}
 	}

-	if roSignedBlock == nil {
-		return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: fmt.Errorf("block %#x not found in db", rootSlice), Reason: core.NotFound}
-	}
-
-	// If block is not in the retention window, return 200 w/ empty list
-	if !p.BlobStorage.WithinRetentionPeriod(slots.ToEpoch(roSignedBlock.Block().Slot()), slots.ToEpoch(p.GenesisTimeFetcher.CurrentSlot())) {
-		return make([]*blocks.VerifiedROBlob, 0), nil
+	slot := roSignedBlock.Block().Slot()
+	if slots.ToEpoch(slot) < params.BeaconConfig().DenebForkEpoch {
+		return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.New("blobs are not supported before Deneb fork"), Reason: core.BadRequest}
 	}

 	roBlock := roSignedBlock.Block()

 	commitments, err := roBlock.Body().BlobKzgCommitments()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to retrieve kzg commitments from block %#x", rootSlice), Reason: core.Internal}
+		return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to retrieve kzg commitments from block %#x", root), Reason: core.Internal}
 	}

 	// If there are no commitments return 200 w/ empty list
@@ -262,7 +290,47 @@ func (p *BeaconDbBlocker) Blobs(ctx context.Context, id string, indices []int) (
 	if fuluForkEpoch != primitives.Epoch(math.MaxUint64) {
 		fuluForkSlot, err = slots.EpochStart(fuluForkEpoch)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.Wrap(err, "could not calculate peerDAS start slot"), Reason: core.Internal}
+			return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.Wrap(err, "could not calculate Fulu start slot"), Reason: core.Internal}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Convert versioned hashes to indices if provided
+	indices := cfg.Indices
+	if len(cfg.VersionedHashes) > 0 {
+		// Build a map of requested versioned hashes for fast lookup and tracking
+		requestedHashes := make(map[string]bool)
+		for _, versionedHash := range cfg.VersionedHashes {
+			requestedHashes[string(versionedHash)] = true
+		}
+
+		// Create indices array and track which hashes we found
+		indices = make([]int, 0, len(cfg.VersionedHashes))
+		foundHashes := make(map[string]bool)
+
+		for i, commitment := range commitments {
+			versionedHash := primitives.ConvertKzgCommitmentToVersionedHash(commitment)
+			hashStr := string(versionedHash[:])
+			if requestedHashes[hashStr] {
+				indices = append(indices, i)
+				foundHashes[hashStr] = true
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Check if all requested hashes were found
+		if len(indices) != len(cfg.VersionedHashes) {
+			// Collect missing hashes
+			missingHashes := make([]string, 0, len(cfg.VersionedHashes)-len(indices))
+			for _, requestedHash := range cfg.VersionedHashes {
+				if !foundHashes[string(requestedHash)] {
+					missingHashes = append(missingHashes, hexutil.Encode(requestedHash))
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Create detailed error message
+			errMsg := fmt.Sprintf("versioned hash(es) not found in block (requested %d hashes, found %d, missing: %v)",
+				len(cfg.VersionedHashes), len(indices), missingHashes)
+
+			return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.New(errMsg), Reason: core.NotFound}
 		}
 	}

@@ -417,3 +485,93 @@ func (p *BeaconDbBlocker) neededDataColumnSidecars(root [fieldparams.RootLength]

 	return verifiedRoSidecars, nil
 }
+
+// DataColumns returns the data column sidecars for a given block id identifier and column indices. The identifier can be one of:
+//   - "head" (canonical head in node's view)
+//   - "genesis"
+//   - "finalized"
+//   - "justified"
+//   - <slot>
+//   - <hex encoded block root with '0x' prefix>
+//   - <block root>
+//
+// cases:
+//   - no block, 404
+//   - block exists, before Fulu fork, 400 (data columns are not supported before Fulu fork)
+func (p *BeaconDbBlocker) DataColumns(ctx context.Context, id string, indices []int) ([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, *core.RpcError) {
+	// Check for genesis block first (not supported for data columns)
+	if id == "genesis" {
+		return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.New("data columns are not supported for Phase 0 fork"), Reason: core.BadRequest}
+	}
+
+	// Resolve block ID to root and block
+	root, roSignedBlock, err := p.resolveBlockID(ctx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		var blockNotFound *BlockNotFoundError
+		var blockIdParseErr *BlockIdParseError
+
+		reason := core.Internal // Default to Internal for unexpected errors
+		if errors.As(err, &blockNotFound) {
+			reason = core.NotFound
+		} else if errors.As(err, &blockIdParseErr) {
+			reason = core.BadRequest
+		}
+		return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: err, Reason: core.ErrorReason(reason)}
+	}
+
+	slot := roSignedBlock.Block().Slot()
+	fuluForkEpoch := params.BeaconConfig().FuluForkEpoch
+	fuluForkSlot, err := slots.EpochStart(fuluForkEpoch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.Wrap(err, "could not calculate Fulu start slot"), Reason: core.Internal}
+	}
+	if slot < fuluForkSlot {
+		return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.New("data columns are not supported before Fulu fork"), Reason: core.BadRequest}
+	}
+
+	roBlock := roSignedBlock.Block()
+
+	commitments, err := roBlock.Body().BlobKzgCommitments()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, &core.RpcError{Err: errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to retrieve kzg commitments from block %#x", root), Reason: core.Internal}
+	}
+
+	// If there are no commitments return 200 w/ empty list
+	if len(commitments) == 0 {
+		return make([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, 0), nil
+	}
+
+	// Get column indices to retrieve
+	columnIndices := make([]uint64, 0)
+	if len(indices) == 0 {
+		// If no indices specified, return all columns this node is custodying
+		summary := p.DataColumnStorage.Summary(root)
+		stored := summary.Stored()
+		for index := range stored {
+			columnIndices = append(columnIndices, index)
+		}
+	} else {
+		// Validate and convert indices
+		numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
+		for _, index := range indices {
+			if index < 0 || uint64(index) >= numberOfColumns {
+				return nil, &core.RpcError{
+					Err:    fmt.Errorf("requested index %d is outside valid range [0, %d)", index, numberOfColumns),
+					Reason: core.BadRequest,
+				}
+			}
+			columnIndices = append(columnIndices, uint64(index))
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Retrieve data column sidecars from storage
+	verifiedRoDataColumns, err := p.DataColumnStorage.Get(root, columnIndices)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, &core.RpcError{
+			Err:    errors.Wrapf(err, "could not retrieve data columns for block root %#x", root),
+			Reason: core.Internal,
+		}
+	}
+
+	return verifiedRoDataColumns, nil
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/lookup/blocker_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/lookup/blocker_test.go
@@ -14,11 +14,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/filesystem"
 	testDB "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/testing"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/rpc/core"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/rpc/options"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/rpc/testutil"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/verification"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/encoding/bytesutil"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/assert"
@@ -59,11 +61,12 @@ func TestGetBlock(t *testing.T) {
 	fetcher := &BeaconDbBlocker{
 		BeaconDB: beaconDB,
 		ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{
-			DB:                  beaconDB,
-			Block:               wsb,
-			Root:                headBlock.BlockRoot,
-			FinalizedCheckPoint: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: blkContainers[64].BlockRoot},
-			CanonicalRoots:      canonicalRoots,
+			DB:                         beaconDB,
+			Block:                      wsb,
+			Root:                       headBlock.BlockRoot,
+			FinalizedCheckPoint:        &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: blkContainers[64].BlockRoot},
+			CurrentJustifiedCheckPoint: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: blkContainers[32].BlockRoot},
+			CanonicalRoots:             canonicalRoots,
 		},
 	}

@@ -106,6 +109,11 @@ func TestGetBlock(t *testing.T) {
 			blockID: []byte("finalized"),
 			want:    blkContainers[64].Block.(*ethpb.BeaconBlockContainer_Phase0Block).Phase0Block,
 		},
+		{
+			name:    "justified",
+			blockID: []byte("justified"),
+			want:    blkContainers[32].Block.(*ethpb.BeaconBlockContainer_Phase0Block).Phase0Block,
+		},
 		{
 			name:    "genesis",
 			blockID: []byte("genesis"),
@@ -160,6 +168,112 @@ func TestGetBlock(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestBlobsErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
+	params.SetupTestConfigCleanup(t)
+	cfg := params.BeaconConfig().Copy()
+	cfg.DenebForkEpoch = 1
+	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(cfg)
+
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	db := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+
+	t.Run("non-existent block by root returns 404", func(t *testing.T) {
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			BeaconDB: db,
+		}
+
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "0x1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef")
+		require.NotNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, core.ErrorReason(core.NotFound), rpcErr.Reason)
+		require.StringContains(t, "not found", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-existent block by slot returns 404", func(t *testing.T) {
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			BeaconDB: db,
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{},
+		}
+
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "999999")
+		require.NotNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, core.ErrorReason(core.NotFound), rpcErr.Reason)
+		require.StringContains(t, "no blocks found at slot", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("genesis block not found returns 404", func(t *testing.T) {
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			BeaconDB: db,
+		}
+
+		// Note: genesis blocks don't support blobs, so this returns BadRequest
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "genesis")
+		require.NotNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, core.ErrorReason(core.BadRequest), rpcErr.Reason)
+		require.StringContains(t, "not supported for Phase 0", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("finalized block not found returns 404", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Set up a finalized checkpoint pointing to a non-existent block
+		nonExistentRoot := bytesutil.PadTo([]byte("nonexistent"), 32)
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			BeaconDB: db,
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{
+				FinalizedCheckPoint: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: nonExistentRoot},
+			},
+		}
+
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "finalized")
+		require.NotNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, core.ErrorReason(core.NotFound), rpcErr.Reason)
+		require.StringContains(t, "finalized block", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+		require.StringContains(t, "not found", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("justified block not found returns 404", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Set up a justified checkpoint pointing to a non-existent block
+		nonExistentRoot := bytesutil.PadTo([]byte("nonexistent2"), 32)
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			BeaconDB: db,
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{
+				CurrentJustifiedCheckPoint: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: nonExistentRoot},
+			},
+		}
+
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "justified")
+		require.NotNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, core.ErrorReason(core.NotFound), rpcErr.Reason)
+		require.StringContains(t, "justified block", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+		require.StringContains(t, "not found", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid block ID returns 400", func(t *testing.T) {
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			BeaconDB: db,
+		}
+
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "invalid-hex")
+		require.NotNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, core.ErrorReason(core.BadRequest), rpcErr.Reason)
+		require.StringContains(t, "could not parse block ID", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("database error returns 500", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a pre-Deneb block with valid slot
+		predenebBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+		predenebBlock.Block.Slot = 100
+		util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, db, predenebBlock)
+
+		// Create blocker without ChainInfoFetcher to trigger internal error when checking canonical status
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			BeaconDB: db,
+		}
+
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "100")
+		require.NotNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, core.ErrorReason(core.Internal), rpcErr.Reason)
+	})
+}
+
 func TestGetBlob(t *testing.T) {
 	const (
 		slot          = 123
@@ -215,21 +329,18 @@ func TestGetBlob(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, blob := range fuluBlobSidecars {
 		var kzgBlob kzg.Blob
 		copy(kzgBlob[:], blob.Blob)
-		cellsAndProogs, err := kzg.ComputeCellsAndKZGProofs(&kzgBlob)
+		cellsAndProofs, err := kzg.ComputeCellsAndKZGProofs(&kzgBlob)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		cellsAndProofsList = append(cellsAndProofsList, cellsAndProogs)
+		cellsAndProofsList = append(cellsAndProofsList, cellsAndProofs)
 	}

-	dataColumnSidecarPb, err := peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(fuluBlock, cellsAndProofsList)
+	roDataColumnSidecars, err := peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(cellsAndProofsList, peerdas.PopulateFromBlock(fuluBlock))
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars := make([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, 0, len(dataColumnSidecarPb))
-	for _, sidecarPb := range dataColumnSidecarPb {
-		roDataColumn, err := blocks.NewRODataColumnWithRoot(sidecarPb, fuluBlockRoot)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		verifiedRoDataColumn := blocks.NewVerifiedRODataColumn(roDataColumn)
-		verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars = append(verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars, verifiedRoDataColumn)
+	verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars := make([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, 0, len(roDataColumnSidecars))
+	for _, roDataColumnSidecar := range roDataColumnSidecars {
+		verifiedRoDataColumnSidecar := blocks.NewVerifiedRODataColumn(roDataColumnSidecar)
+		verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars = append(verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars, verifiedRoDataColumnSidecar)
 	}

 	err = db.SaveBlock(t.Context(), fuluBlock)
@@ -239,16 +350,19 @@ func TestGetBlob(t *testing.T) {
 		setupDeneb(t)

 		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{}
-		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "genesis", nil)
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "genesis")
 		require.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, core.ErrorReasonToHTTP(rpcErr.Reason))
-		require.StringContains(t, "blobs are not supported for Phase 0 fork", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+		require.StringContains(t, "not supported for Phase 0 fork", rpcErr.Err.Error())
 	})

 	t.Run("head", func(t *testing.T) {
 		setupDeneb(t)

 		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
-			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{Root: denebBlockRoot[:]},
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{
+				Root:  denebBlockRoot[:],
+				Block: denebBlock,
+			},
 			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
 				Genesis: time.Now(),
 			},
@@ -256,7 +370,7 @@ func TestGetBlob(t *testing.T) {
 			BlobStorage: blobStorage,
 		}

-		retrievedVerifiedSidecars, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "head", nil)
+		retrievedVerifiedSidecars, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "head")
 		require.IsNil(t, rpcErr)
 		require.Equal(t, blobCount, len(retrievedVerifiedSidecars))

@@ -285,7 +399,7 @@ func TestGetBlob(t *testing.T) {
 			BlobStorage: blobStorage,
 		}

-		verifiedSidecars, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "finalized", nil)
+		verifiedSidecars, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "finalized")
 		require.IsNil(t, rpcErr)
 		require.Equal(t, blobCount, len(verifiedSidecars))
 	})
@@ -302,7 +416,7 @@ func TestGetBlob(t *testing.T) {
 			BlobStorage: blobStorage,
 		}

-		verifiedSidecars, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "justified", nil)
+		verifiedSidecars, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "justified")
 		require.IsNil(t, rpcErr)
 		require.Equal(t, blobCount, len(verifiedSidecars))
 	})
@@ -318,7 +432,7 @@ func TestGetBlob(t *testing.T) {
 			BlobStorage: blobStorage,
 		}

-		verifiedBlobs, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, hexutil.Encode(denebBlockRoot[:]), nil)
+		verifiedBlobs, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, hexutil.Encode(denebBlockRoot[:]))
 		require.IsNil(t, rpcErr)
 		require.Equal(t, blobCount, len(verifiedBlobs))
 	})
@@ -327,6 +441,7 @@ func TestGetBlob(t *testing.T) {
 		setupDeneb(t)

 		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{},
 			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
 				Genesis: time.Now(),
 			},
@@ -334,7 +449,7 @@ func TestGetBlob(t *testing.T) {
 			BlobStorage: blobStorage,
 		}

-		verifiedBlobs, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "123", nil)
+		verifiedBlobs, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "123")
 		require.IsNil(t, rpcErr)
 		require.Equal(t, blobCount, len(verifiedBlobs))
 	})
@@ -353,7 +468,7 @@ func TestGetBlob(t *testing.T) {
 			BlobStorage: blobStorage,
 		}

-		retrievedVerifiedSidecars, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "123", []int{index})
+		retrievedVerifiedSidecars, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "123", options.WithIndices([]int{index}))
 		require.IsNil(t, rpcErr)
 		require.Equal(t, 1, len(retrievedVerifiedSidecars))

@@ -379,7 +494,7 @@ func TestGetBlob(t *testing.T) {
 			BlobStorage: filesystem.NewEphemeralBlobStorage(t),
 		}

-		verifiedBlobs, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "123", nil)
+		verifiedBlobs, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "123")
 		require.IsNil(t, rpcErr)
 		require.Equal(t, 0, len(verifiedBlobs))
 	})
@@ -397,7 +512,7 @@ func TestGetBlob(t *testing.T) {
 		}

 		noBlobIndex := len(storedBlobSidecars) + 1
-		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "123", []int{0, noBlobIndex})
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "123", options.WithIndices([]int{0, noBlobIndex}))
 		require.NotNil(t, rpcErr)
 		require.Equal(t, core.ErrorReason(core.NotFound), rpcErr.Reason)
 	})
@@ -413,7 +528,7 @@ func TestGetBlob(t *testing.T) {
 			BeaconDB:    db,
 			BlobStorage: blobStorage,
 		}
-		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "123", []int{0, math.MaxInt})
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "123", options.WithIndices([]int{0, math.MaxInt}))
 		require.NotNil(t, rpcErr)
 		require.Equal(t, core.ErrorReason(core.BadRequest), rpcErr.Reason)
 	})
@@ -434,7 +549,7 @@ func TestGetBlob(t *testing.T) {
 			DataColumnStorage: dataColumnStorage,
 		}

-		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, hexutil.Encode(fuluBlockRoot[:]), nil)
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, hexutil.Encode(fuluBlockRoot[:]))
 		require.NotNil(t, rpcErr)
 		require.Equal(t, core.ErrorReason(core.NotFound), rpcErr.Reason)
 	})
@@ -455,7 +570,7 @@ func TestGetBlob(t *testing.T) {
 			DataColumnStorage: dataColumnStorage,
 		}

-		retrievedVerifiedRoBlobs, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, hexutil.Encode(fuluBlockRoot[:]), nil)
+		retrievedVerifiedRoBlobs, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, hexutil.Encode(fuluBlockRoot[:]))
 		require.IsNil(t, rpcErr)
 		require.Equal(t, len(fuluBlobSidecars), len(retrievedVerifiedRoBlobs))

@@ -482,7 +597,7 @@ func TestGetBlob(t *testing.T) {
 			DataColumnStorage: dataColumnStorage,
 		}

-		retrievedVerifiedRoBlobs, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, hexutil.Encode(fuluBlockRoot[:]), nil)
+		retrievedVerifiedRoBlobs, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, hexutil.Encode(fuluBlockRoot[:]))
 		require.IsNil(t, rpcErr)
 		require.Equal(t, len(fuluBlobSidecars), len(retrievedVerifiedRoBlobs))

@@ -492,4 +607,487 @@ func TestGetBlob(t *testing.T) {
 			require.DeepSSZEqual(t, initialBlobSidecarPb, retrievedBlobSidecarPb)
 		}
 	})
+
+	t.Run("pre-deneb block should return 400", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Setup with Deneb fork at epoch 1, so slot 0 is before Deneb
+		params.SetupTestConfigCleanup(t)
+		cfg := params.BeaconConfig().Copy()
+		cfg.DenebForkEpoch = 1
+		params.OverrideBeaconConfig(cfg)
+
+		// Create a pre-Deneb block (slot 0, which is epoch 0)
+		predenebBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+		predenebBlock.Block.Slot = 0
+		util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, db, predenebBlock)
+		predenebBlockRoot, err := predenebBlock.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			BeaconDB: db,
+		}
+
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, hexutil.Encode(predenebBlockRoot[:]))
+		require.NotNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, core.ErrorReason(core.BadRequest), rpcErr.Reason)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, core.ErrorReasonToHTTP(rpcErr.Reason))
+		require.StringContains(t, "not supported before", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestBlobs_CommitmentOrdering(t *testing.T) {
+	// Set up Fulu fork configuration
+	params.SetupTestConfigCleanup(t)
+	cfg := params.BeaconConfig().Copy()
+	cfg.DenebForkEpoch = 1
+	cfg.FuluForkEpoch = 2
+	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(cfg)
+
+	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	// Start the trusted setup for KZG
+	err := kzg.Start()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create Fulu/Electra block with multiple blob commitments
+	fuluForkSlot := primitives.Slot(cfg.FuluForkEpoch) * params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch
+	parent := [32]byte{}
+	fuluBlock, fuluBlobs := util.GenerateTestElectraBlockWithSidecar(t, parent, fuluForkSlot, 3)
+
+	// Save the block
+	err = beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, fuluBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	fuluBlockRoot := fuluBlock.Root()
+
+	// Get the commitments from the generated block
+	commitments, err := fuluBlock.Block().Body().BlobKzgCommitments()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 3, len(commitments))
+
+	// Convert blob sidecars to data column sidecars for Fulu
+	cellsAndProofsList := make([]kzg.CellsAndProofs, 0, len(fuluBlobs))
+	for _, blob := range fuluBlobs {
+		var kzgBlob kzg.Blob
+		copy(kzgBlob[:], blob.Blob)
+		cellsAndProofs, err := kzg.ComputeCellsAndKZGProofs(&kzgBlob)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		cellsAndProofsList = append(cellsAndProofsList, cellsAndProofs)
+	}
+
+	dataColumnSidecarPb, err := peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(cellsAndProofsList, peerdas.PopulateFromBlock(fuluBlock))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars := make([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, 0, len(dataColumnSidecarPb))
+	for _, roDataColumn := range dataColumnSidecarPb {
+		verifiedRoDataColumn := blocks.NewVerifiedRODataColumn(roDataColumn)
+		verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars = append(verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars, verifiedRoDataColumn)
+	}
+
+	// Set up data column storage and save data columns
+	_, dataColumnStorage := filesystem.NewEphemeralDataColumnStorageAndFs(t)
+	err = dataColumnStorage.Save(verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Set up the blocker
+	chainService := &mockChain.ChainService{
+		Genesis: time.Now(),
+		FinalizedCheckPoint: &ethpb.Checkpoint{
+			Epoch: 0,
+			Root:  fuluBlockRoot[:],
+		},
+	}
+	blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+		BeaconDB:           beaconDB,
+		ChainInfoFetcher:   chainService,
+		GenesisTimeFetcher: chainService,
+		BlobStorage:        filesystem.NewEphemeralBlobStorage(t),
+		DataColumnStorage:  dataColumnStorage,
+	}
+
+	// Compute versioned hashes for commitments in their block order
+	hash0 := primitives.ConvertKzgCommitmentToVersionedHash(commitments[0])
+	hash1 := primitives.ConvertKzgCommitmentToVersionedHash(commitments[1])
+	hash2 := primitives.ConvertKzgCommitmentToVersionedHash(commitments[2])
+
+	t.Run("blobs returned in commitment order regardless of request order", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Request versioned hashes in reverse order: 2, 1, 0
+		requestedHashes := [][]byte{hash2[:], hash1[:], hash0[:]}
+
+		verifiedBlobs, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "finalized", options.WithVersionedHashes(requestedHashes))
+		if rpcErr != nil {
+			t.Errorf("RPC Error: %v (reason: %v)", rpcErr.Err, rpcErr.Reason)
+			return
+		}
+		require.Equal(t, 3, len(verifiedBlobs))
+
+		// Verify blobs are returned in commitment order from the block (0, 1, 2)
+		// In Fulu, blobs are reconstructed from data columns
+		assert.Equal(t, uint64(0), verifiedBlobs[0].Index) // First commitment in block
+		assert.Equal(t, uint64(1), verifiedBlobs[1].Index) // Second commitment in block
+		assert.Equal(t, uint64(2), verifiedBlobs[2].Index) // Third commitment in block
+
+		// Verify the blob content matches what we expect
+		for i, verifiedBlob := range verifiedBlobs {
+			require.NotNil(t, verifiedBlob.BlobSidecar)
+			require.DeepEqual(t, fuluBlobs[i].Blob, verifiedBlob.Blob)
+			require.DeepEqual(t, fuluBlobs[i].KzgCommitment, verifiedBlob.KzgCommitment)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("subset of blobs maintains commitment order", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Request hashes for indices 1 and 0 (out of order)
+		requestedHashes := [][]byte{hash1[:], hash0[:]}
+
+		verifiedBlobs, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "finalized", options.WithVersionedHashes(requestedHashes))
+		if rpcErr != nil {
+			t.Errorf("RPC Error: %v (reason: %v)", rpcErr.Err, rpcErr.Reason)
+			return
+		}
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(verifiedBlobs))
+
+		// Verify blobs are returned in commitment order from the block
+		assert.Equal(t, uint64(0), verifiedBlobs[0].Index) // First commitment in block
+		assert.Equal(t, uint64(1), verifiedBlobs[1].Index) // Second commitment in block
+
+		// Verify the blob content matches what we expect
+		require.DeepEqual(t, fuluBlobs[0].Blob, verifiedBlobs[0].Blob)
+		require.DeepEqual(t, fuluBlobs[1].Blob, verifiedBlobs[1].Blob)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("request non-existent hash", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a fake versioned hash
+		fakeHash := make([]byte, 32)
+		for i := 0; i < 32; i++ {
+			fakeHash[i] = 0xFF
+		}
+
+		// Request only the fake hash
+		requestedHashes := [][]byte{fakeHash}
+
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "finalized", options.WithVersionedHashes(requestedHashes))
+		require.NotNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, core.ErrorReason(core.NotFound), rpcErr.Reason)
+		require.StringContains(t, "versioned hash(es) not found in block", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+		require.StringContains(t, "requested 1 hashes, found 0", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+		require.StringContains(t, "0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("request multiple non-existent hashes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create two fake versioned hashes
+		fakeHash1 := make([]byte, 32)
+		fakeHash2 := make([]byte, 32)
+		for i := 0; i < 32; i++ {
+			fakeHash1[i] = 0xAA
+			fakeHash2[i] = 0xBB
+		}
+
+		// Request valid hash with two fake hashes
+		requestedHashes := [][]byte{fakeHash1, hash0[:], fakeHash2}
+
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.Blobs(ctx, "finalized", options.WithVersionedHashes(requestedHashes))
+		require.NotNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, core.ErrorReason(core.NotFound), rpcErr.Reason)
+		require.StringContains(t, "versioned hash(es) not found in block", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+		require.StringContains(t, "requested 3 hashes, found 1", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+		// Check that both missing hashes are reported
+		require.StringContains(t, "0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+		require.StringContains(t, "0xbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGetDataColumns(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		blobCount     = 4
+		fuluForkEpoch = 2
+	)
+
+	setupFulu := func(t *testing.T) {
+		params.SetupTestConfigCleanup(t)
+		cfg := params.BeaconConfig().Copy()
+		cfg.DenebForkEpoch = 1
+		cfg.FuluForkEpoch = fuluForkEpoch
+		params.OverrideBeaconConfig(cfg)
+	}
+
+	setupPreFulu := func(t *testing.T) {
+		params.SetupTestConfigCleanup(t)
+		cfg := params.BeaconConfig().Copy()
+		cfg.DenebForkEpoch = 1
+		cfg.FuluForkEpoch = 1000 // Set to a high epoch to ensure we're before Fulu
+		params.OverrideBeaconConfig(cfg)
+	}
+
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	db := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+
+	// Start the trusted setup.
+	err := kzg.Start()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create Fulu block and convert blob sidecars to data column sidecars.
+	fuluForkSlot := fuluForkEpoch * params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch
+	fuluBlock, fuluBlobSidecars := util.GenerateTestElectraBlockWithSidecar(t, [fieldparams.RootLength]byte{}, fuluForkSlot, blobCount)
+	fuluBlockRoot := fuluBlock.Root()
+
+	cellsAndProofsList := make([]kzg.CellsAndProofs, 0, len(fuluBlobSidecars))
+	for _, blob := range fuluBlobSidecars {
+		var kzgBlob kzg.Blob
+		copy(kzgBlob[:], blob.Blob)
+		cellsAndProofs, err := kzg.ComputeCellsAndKZGProofs(&kzgBlob)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		cellsAndProofsList = append(cellsAndProofsList, cellsAndProofs)
+	}
+
+	roDataColumnSidecars, err := peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(cellsAndProofsList, peerdas.PopulateFromBlock(fuluBlock))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars := make([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, 0, len(roDataColumnSidecars))
+	for _, roDataColumn := range roDataColumnSidecars {
+		verifiedRoDataColumn := blocks.NewVerifiedRODataColumn(roDataColumn)
+		verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars = append(verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars, verifiedRoDataColumn)
+	}
+
+	err = db.SaveBlock(t.Context(), fuluBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, dataColumnStorage := filesystem.NewEphemeralDataColumnStorageAndFs(t)
+	err = dataColumnStorage.Save(verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	t.Run("pre-fulu fork", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setupPreFulu(t)
+
+		// Create a block at slot 123 (before Fulu fork since FuluForkEpoch is set to MaxUint64)
+		preFuluBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+		preFuluBlock.Block.Slot = 123
+		util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, db, preFuluBlock)
+
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{},
+			BeaconDB:         db,
+		}
+
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.DataColumns(ctx, "123", nil)
+		require.NotNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, core.ErrorReason(core.BadRequest), rpcErr.Reason)
+		require.StringContains(t, "not supported before Fulu fork", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("genesis", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setupFulu(t)
+
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{},
+		}
+
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.DataColumns(ctx, "genesis", nil)
+		require.NotNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, core.ErrorReasonToHTTP(rpcErr.Reason))
+		require.StringContains(t, "not supported for Phase 0 fork", rpcErr.Err.Error())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("head", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setupFulu(t)
+
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{
+				Root:  fuluBlockRoot[:],
+				Block: fuluBlock,
+			},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:          db,
+			DataColumnStorage: dataColumnStorage,
+		}
+
+		retrievedDataColumns, rpcErr := blocker.DataColumns(ctx, "head", nil)
+		require.IsNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, len(verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars), len(retrievedDataColumns))
+
+		// Create a map of expected indices for easier verification
+		expectedIndices := make(map[uint64]bool)
+		for _, expected := range verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars {
+			expectedIndices[expected.RODataColumn.DataColumnSidecar.Index] = true
+		}
+
+		// Verify we got data columns with the expected indices
+		for _, actual := range retrievedDataColumns {
+			require.Equal(t, true, expectedIndices[actual.RODataColumn.DataColumnSidecar.Index])
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("finalized", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setupFulu(t)
+
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{FinalizedCheckPoint: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: fuluBlockRoot[:]}},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:          db,
+			DataColumnStorage: dataColumnStorage,
+		}
+
+		retrievedDataColumns, rpcErr := blocker.DataColumns(ctx, "finalized", nil)
+		require.IsNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, len(verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars), len(retrievedDataColumns))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("justified", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setupFulu(t)
+
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			ChainInfoFetcher: &mockChain.ChainService{CurrentJustifiedCheckPoint: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: fuluBlockRoot[:]}},
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:          db,
+			DataColumnStorage: dataColumnStorage,
+		}
+
+		retrievedDataColumns, rpcErr := blocker.DataColumns(ctx, "justified", nil)
+		require.IsNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, len(verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars), len(retrievedDataColumns))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("root", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setupFulu(t)
+
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:          db,
+			DataColumnStorage: dataColumnStorage,
+		}
+
+		retrievedDataColumns, rpcErr := blocker.DataColumns(ctx, hexutil.Encode(fuluBlockRoot[:]), nil)
+		require.IsNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, len(verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars), len(retrievedDataColumns))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("slot", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setupFulu(t)
+
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			ChainInfoFetcher:  &mockChain.ChainService{},
+			BeaconDB:          db,
+			DataColumnStorage: dataColumnStorage,
+		}
+
+		slotStr := fmt.Sprintf("%d", fuluForkSlot)
+		retrievedDataColumns, rpcErr := blocker.DataColumns(ctx, slotStr, nil)
+		require.IsNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, len(verifiedRoDataColumnSidecars), len(retrievedDataColumns))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("specific indices", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setupFulu(t)
+
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:          db,
+			DataColumnStorage: dataColumnStorage,
+		}
+
+		// Request specific indices (first 3 data columns)
+		indices := []int{0, 1, 2}
+		retrievedDataColumns, rpcErr := blocker.DataColumns(ctx, hexutil.Encode(fuluBlockRoot[:]), indices)
+		require.IsNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, 3, len(retrievedDataColumns))
+
+		for i, dataColumn := range retrievedDataColumns {
+			require.Equal(t, uint64(indices[i]), dataColumn.RODataColumn.DataColumnSidecar.Index)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no data columns returns empty array", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setupFulu(t)
+
+		_, emptyDataColumnStorage := filesystem.NewEphemeralDataColumnStorageAndFs(t)
+
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:          db,
+			DataColumnStorage: emptyDataColumnStorage,
+		}
+
+		retrievedDataColumns, rpcErr := blocker.DataColumns(ctx, hexutil.Encode(fuluBlockRoot[:]), nil)
+		require.IsNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, 0, len(retrievedDataColumns))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("index too big", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setupFulu(t)
+
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:          db,
+			DataColumnStorage: dataColumnStorage,
+		}
+
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.DataColumns(ctx, hexutil.Encode(fuluBlockRoot[:]), []int{0, math.MaxInt})
+		require.NotNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, core.ErrorReason(core.BadRequest), rpcErr.Reason)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("outside retention period", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setupFulu(t)
+
+		// Create a data column storage with very short retention period
+		shortRetentionStorage, err := filesystem.NewDataColumnStorage(ctx,
+			filesystem.WithDataColumnBasePath(t.TempDir()),
+			filesystem.WithDataColumnRetentionEpochs(1), // Only 1 epoch retention
+		)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Mock genesis time to make current slot much later than the block slot
+		// This simulates being outside retention period
+		genesisTime := time.Now().Add(-time.Duration(fuluForkSlot+1000) * time.Duration(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot) * time.Second)
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: genesisTime,
+			},
+			BeaconDB:          db,
+			DataColumnStorage: shortRetentionStorage,
+		}
+
+		// Since the block is outside retention period, should return empty array
+		retrievedDataColumns, rpcErr := blocker.DataColumns(ctx, hexutil.Encode(fuluBlockRoot[:]), nil)
+		require.IsNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, 0, len(retrievedDataColumns))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("block not found", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setupFulu(t)
+
+		blocker := &BeaconDbBlocker{
+			GenesisTimeFetcher: &testutil.MockGenesisTimeFetcher{
+				Genesis: time.Now(),
+			},
+			BeaconDB:          db,
+			DataColumnStorage: dataColumnStorage,
+		}
+
+		nonExistentRoot := bytesutil.PadTo([]byte("nonexistent"), 32)
+		_, rpcErr := blocker.DataColumns(ctx, hexutil.Encode(nonExistentRoot), nil)
+		require.NotNil(t, rpcErr)
+		require.Equal(t, core.ErrorReason(core.NotFound), rpcErr.Reason)
+	})
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/options/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/options/BUILD.bazel
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+load("@prysm//tools/go:def.bzl", "go_library")
+
+go_library(
+    name = "go_default_library",
+    srcs = ["options.go"],
+    importpath = "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/rpc/options",
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/options/options.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/options/options.go
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package options
+
+// BlobsOption is a functional option for configuring blob retrieval
+type BlobsOption func(*BlobsConfig)
+
+// BlobsConfig holds configuration for blob retrieval
+type BlobsConfig struct {
+	Indices         []int
+	VersionedHashes [][]byte
+}
+
+// WithIndices specifies blob indices to retrieve
+func WithIndices(indices []int) BlobsOption {
+	return func(c *BlobsConfig) {
+		c.Indices = indices
+	}
+}
+
+// WithVersionedHashes specifies versioned hashes to retrieve blobs by
+func WithVersionedHashes(hashes [][]byte) BlobsOption {
+	return func(c *BlobsConfig) {
+		c.VersionedHashes = hashes
+	}
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/prysm/v1alpha1/validator/proposer.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/prysm/v1alpha1/validator/proposer.go
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ func (vs *Server) BuildBlockParallel(ctx context.Context, sBlk interfaces.Signed
 func (vs *Server) ProposeBeaconBlock(ctx context.Context, req *ethpb.GenericSignedBeaconBlock) (*ethpb.ProposeResponse, error) {
 	var (
 		blobSidecars       []*ethpb.BlobSidecar
-		dataColumnSidecars []*ethpb.DataColumnSidecar
+		dataColumnSidecars []blocks.RODataColumn
 	)

 	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "ProposerServer.ProposeBeaconBlock")
@@ -309,10 +309,11 @@ func (vs *Server) ProposeBeaconBlock(ctx context.Context, req *ethpb.GenericSign
 		return &ethpb.ProposeResponse{BlockRoot: root[:]}, nil
 	}

+	rob, err := blocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(block, root)
 	if block.IsBlinded() {
 		block, blobSidecars, err = vs.handleBlindedBlock(ctx, block)
 	} else if block.Version() >= version.Deneb {
-		blobSidecars, dataColumnSidecars, err = vs.handleUnblindedBlock(block, req)
+		blobSidecars, dataColumnSidecars, err = vs.handleUnblindedBlock(rob, req)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "%s: %v", "handle block failed", err)
@@ -323,18 +324,18 @@ func (vs *Server) ProposeBeaconBlock(ctx context.Context, req *ethpb.GenericSign

 	wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
-		defer wg.Done()
-		if err := vs.broadcastReceiveBlock(ctx, block, root); err != nil {
+		if err := vs.broadcastReceiveBlock(ctx, &wg, block, root); err != nil {
 			errChan <- errors.Wrap(err, "broadcast/receive block failed")
 			return
 		}
 		errChan <- nil
 	}()

+	wg.Wait()
+
 	if err := vs.broadcastAndReceiveSidecars(ctx, block, root, blobSidecars, dataColumnSidecars); err != nil {
 		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "Could not broadcast/receive sidecars: %v", err)
 	}
-	wg.Wait()
 	if err := <-errChan; err != nil {
 		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "Could not broadcast/receive block: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -348,10 +349,10 @@ func (vs *Server) broadcastAndReceiveSidecars(
 	block interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock,
 	root [fieldparams.RootLength]byte,
 	blobSidecars []*ethpb.BlobSidecar,
-	dataColumnSideCars []*ethpb.DataColumnSidecar,
+	dataColumnSidecars []blocks.RODataColumn,
 ) error {
 	if block.Version() >= version.Fulu {
-		if err := vs.broadcastAndReceiveDataColumns(ctx, dataColumnSideCars, root); err != nil {
+		if err := vs.broadcastAndReceiveDataColumns(ctx, dataColumnSidecars, root); err != nil {
 			return errors.Wrap(err, "broadcast and receive data columns")
 		}
 		return nil
@@ -398,21 +399,28 @@ func (vs *Server) handleBlindedBlock(ctx context.Context, block interfaces.Signe
 }

 func (vs *Server) handleUnblindedBlock(
-	block interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock,
+	block blocks.ROBlock,
 	req *ethpb.GenericSignedBeaconBlock,
-) ([]*ethpb.BlobSidecar, []*ethpb.DataColumnSidecar, error) {
+) ([]*ethpb.BlobSidecar, []blocks.RODataColumn, error) {
 	rawBlobs, proofs, err := blobsAndProofs(req)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}

 	if block.Version() >= version.Fulu {
-		dataColumnSideCars, err := peerdas.ConstructDataColumnSidecars(block, rawBlobs, proofs)
+		// Compute cells and proofs from the blobs and cell proofs.
+		cellsAndProofs, err := peerdas.ComputeCellsAndProofsFromFlat(rawBlobs, proofs)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "construct data column sidecars")
+			return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "compute cells and proofs")
 		}

-		return nil, dataColumnSideCars, nil
+		// Construct data column sidecars from the signed block and cells and proofs.
+		roDataColumnSidecars, err := peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(cellsAndProofs, peerdas.PopulateFromBlock(block))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "data column sidcars")
+		}
+
+		return nil, roDataColumnSidecars, nil
 	}

 	blobSidecars, err := BuildBlobSidecars(block, rawBlobs, proofs)
@@ -424,7 +432,26 @@ func (vs *Server) handleUnblindedBlock(
 }

 // broadcastReceiveBlock broadcasts a block and handles its reception.
-func (vs *Server) broadcastReceiveBlock(ctx context.Context, block interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock, root [fieldparams.RootLength]byte) error {
+func (vs *Server) broadcastReceiveBlock(ctx context.Context, wg *sync.WaitGroup, block interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock, root [fieldparams.RootLength]byte) error {
+	if err := vs.broadcastBlock(ctx, wg, block, root); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "broadcast block")
+	}
+
+	vs.BlockNotifier.BlockFeed().Send(&feed.Event{
+		Type: blockfeed.ReceivedBlock,
+		Data: &blockfeed.ReceivedBlockData{SignedBlock: block},
+	})
+
+	if err := vs.BlockReceiver.ReceiveBlock(ctx, block, root, nil); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "receive block")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (vs *Server) broadcastBlock(ctx context.Context, wg *sync.WaitGroup, block interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock, root [fieldparams.RootLength]byte) error {
+	defer wg.Done()
+
 	protoBlock, err := block.Proto()
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "protobuf conversion failed")
@@ -432,11 +459,13 @@ func (vs *Server) broadcastReceiveBlock(ctx context.Context, block interfaces.Si
 	if err := vs.P2P.Broadcast(ctx, protoBlock); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "broadcast failed")
 	}
-	vs.BlockNotifier.BlockFeed().Send(&feed.Event{
-		Type: blockfeed.ReceivedBlock,
-		Data: &blockfeed.ReceivedBlockData{SignedBlock: block},
-	})
-	return vs.BlockReceiver.ReceiveBlock(ctx, block, root, nil)
+
+	log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+		"slot": block.Block().Slot(),
+		"root": fmt.Sprintf("%#x", root),
+	}).Debug("Broadcasted block")
+
+	return nil
 }

 // broadcastAndReceiveBlobs handles the broadcasting and reception of blob sidecars.
@@ -468,26 +497,21 @@ func (vs *Server) broadcastAndReceiveBlobs(ctx context.Context, sidecars []*ethp
 // broadcastAndReceiveDataColumns handles the broadcasting and reception of data columns sidecars.
 func (vs *Server) broadcastAndReceiveDataColumns(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	sidecars []*ethpb.DataColumnSidecar,
+	roSidecars []blocks.RODataColumn,
 	root [fieldparams.RootLength]byte,
 ) error {
-	verifiedRODataColumns := make([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, 0, len(sidecars))
+	verifiedRODataColumns := make([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn, 0, len(roSidecars))
 	eg, _ := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
-	for _, sidecar := range sidecars {
-		roDataColumn, err := blocks.NewRODataColumnWithRoot(sidecar, root)
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "new read-only data column with root")
-		}
-
+	for _, roSidecar := range roSidecars {
 		// We build this block ourselves, so we can upgrade the read only data column sidecar into a verified one.
-		verifiedRODataColumn := blocks.NewVerifiedRODataColumn(roDataColumn)
+		verifiedRODataColumn := blocks.NewVerifiedRODataColumn(roSidecar)
 		verifiedRODataColumns = append(verifiedRODataColumns, verifiedRODataColumn)

 		eg.Go(func() error {
 			// Compute the subnet index based on the column index.
-			subnet := peerdas.ComputeSubnetForDataColumnSidecar(sidecar.Index)
+			subnet := peerdas.ComputeSubnetForDataColumnSidecar(roSidecar.Index)

-			if err := vs.P2P.BroadcastDataColumnSidecar(root, subnet, sidecar); err != nil {
+			if err := vs.P2P.BroadcastDataColumnSidecar(subnet, verifiedRODataColumn); err != nil {
 				return errors.Wrap(err, "broadcast data column")
 			}

@@ -495,10 +519,6 @@ func (vs *Server) broadcastAndReceiveDataColumns(
 		})
 	}

-	if err := eg.Wait(); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "wait for data columns to be broadcasted")
-	}
-
 	if err := vs.DataColumnReceiver.ReceiveDataColumns(verifiedRODataColumns); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "receive data column")
 	}
@@ -509,6 +529,11 @@ func (vs *Server) broadcastAndReceiveDataColumns(
 			Data: &operation.DataColumnSidecarReceivedData{DataColumn: &verifiedRODataColumn}, // #nosec G601
 		})
 	}
+
+	if err := eg.Wait(); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "wait for data columns to be broadcasted")
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }

--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/prysm/v1alpha1/validator/proposer_deneb.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/prysm/v1alpha1/validator/proposer_deneb.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 )

 // BuildBlobSidecars given a block, builds the blob sidecars for the block.
-func BuildBlobSidecars(blk interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock, blobs [][]byte, kzgProofs [][]byte) ([]*ethpb.BlobSidecar, error) {
+func BuildBlobSidecars(blk interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock, blobs [][]byte, kzgProofs [][]byte) ([]*ethpb.BlobSidecar, error) {
 	if blk.Version() < version.Deneb {
 		return nil, nil // No blobs before deneb.
 	}
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/service.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/service.go
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ import (
 	blockfeed "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/feed/block"
 	opfeed "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/feed/operation"
 	statefeed "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
-	lightClient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/light-client"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/filesystem"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/execution"
+	lightClient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/light-client"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/attestations"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/blstoexec"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/slashings"
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ func NewService(ctx context.Context, cfg *Config) *Service {
 		log.WithError(err).Errorf("Could not listen to port in Start() %s", address)
 	}
 	s.listener = lis
-	log.WithField("address", address).Info("gRPC server listening on port")
+	log.WithField("address", address).Info("Beacon chain gRPC server listening")

 	opts := []grpc.ServerOption{
 		grpc.StatsHandler(otelgrpc.NewServerHandler()),
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ func (s *Service) Stop() error {
 	s.cancel()
 	if s.listener != nil {
 		s.grpcServer.GracefulStop()
-		log.Debug("Initiated graceful stop of gRPC server")
+		log.Debug("Completed graceful stop of beacon-chain gRPC server")
 	}
 	return nil
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/service_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/service_test.go
@@ -42,8 +42,9 @@ func TestLifecycle_OK(t *testing.T) {

 	rpcService.Start()

-	require.LogsContain(t, hook, "listening on port")
+	require.LogsContain(t, hook, "Beacon chain gRPC server listening")
 	assert.NoError(t, rpcService.Stop())
+	require.LogsContain(t, hook, "Completed graceful stop of beacon-chain gRPC server")
 }

 func TestStatus_CredentialError(t *testing.T) {
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ func TestRPC_InsecureEndpoint(t *testing.T) {

 	rpcService.Start()

-	require.LogsContain(t, hook, "listening on port")
+	require.LogsContain(t, hook, "Beacon chain gRPC server listening")
 	require.LogsContain(t, hook, "You are using an insecure gRPC server")
 	assert.NoError(t, rpcService.Stop())
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/rpc/testutil/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/rpc/testutil/BUILD.bazel
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ go_library(
    deps = [
        "//beacon-chain/db:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/rpc/core:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/rpc/options:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/state:go_default_library",
        "//config/params:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More