Update go to 1.19.4 (#11727 )

Co-authored-by: prylabs-bulldozer[bot] <58059840+prylabs-bulldozer[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Fix DeepSource errors in the Validator's REST API (#11726 )
2026-01-09 21:38:05 -05:00 · 2022-12-06 21:20:25 +00:00 · 2022-12-06 20:31:56 +00:00 · 2022-12-06 16:01:17 +00:00 · 2022-12-06 14:54:45 +00:00 · 2022-12-06 12:27:26 +00:00
2507 changed files with 91257 additions and 68617 deletions
--- a/.bazelrc
+++ b/.bazelrc
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ coverage --define=coverage_enabled=1

 # Fix for rules_docker. See: https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_docker/issues/842
 build --host_force_python=PY2
-test --host_force_python=PY2
 run --host_force_python=PY2

 # Networking is blocked for tests by default, add "requires-network" tag to your test if networking
@@ -22,15 +21,12 @@ build --sandbox_default_allow_network=false

 # Stamp binaries with git information
 build --workspace_status_command=./hack/workspace_status.sh
-build --stamp

 # Prevent PATH changes from rebuilding when switching from IDE to command line.
 build --incompatible_strict_action_env
-test --incompatible_strict_action_env
 run --incompatible_strict_action_env

 build --define blst_disabled=false
-test --define blst_disabled=false
 run --define blst_disabled=false

 build:blst_disabled --define blst_disabled=true
@@ -41,13 +37,13 @@ build:minimal --@io_bazel_rules_go//go/config:tags=minimal

 # Release flags
 build:release --compilation_mode=opt
-build:release --config=llvm

 # LLVM compiler for building C/C++ dependencies.
-build:llvm --crosstool_top=@llvm_toolchain//:toolchain
 build:llvm --define compiler=llvm
 build:llvm --copt -fno-sanitize=vptr,function
 build:llvm --linkopt -fno-sanitize=vptr,function
+# --incompatible_enable_cc_toolchain_resolution not needed after this issue is closed https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/7260
+build:llvm --incompatible_enable_cc_toolchain_resolution

 build:asan --copt -fsanitize=address,undefined
 build:asan --copt -fno-omit-frame-pointer
@@ -85,6 +81,12 @@ build:osx_amd64 --config=cross
 build:osx_amd64 --platforms=@io_bazel_rules_go//go/toolchain:darwin_amd64_cgo
 build:osx_amd64 --compiler=osxcross

+# osx_arm64 config for cross compiler toolchain
+build:osx_arm64 --config=cross
+build:osx_arm64 --platforms=@io_bazel_rules_go//go/toolchain:darwin_arm64_cgo
+build:osx_arm64 --compiler=osxcross
+build:osx_arm64 --cpu=aarch64
+
 # windows
 build:windows_amd64 --config=cross
 build:windows_amd64  --platforms=@io_bazel_rules_go//go/toolchain:windows_amd64_cgo
@@ -116,6 +118,10 @@ build:windows_amd64_debug --config=debug
 build:osx_amd64_debug --config=debug
 build:osx_amd64_debug --config=osx_amd64

+# osx_arm64 debug config
+build:osx_arm64_debug --config=debug
+build:osx_arm64_debug --config=osx_arm64
+
 # linux_arm64_debug
 build:linux_arm64_debug --config=linux_arm64
 build:linux_arm64_debug --config=debug
@@ -151,6 +157,10 @@ build:windows_amd64_docker_debug --config=windows_amd64_docker --config=debug
 build:osx_amd64_docker --config=docker-sandbox --config=osx_amd64
 build:osx_amd64_docker_debug --config=osx_amd64_docker --config=debug

+# osx_arm64 docker sandbox build config
+build:osx_arm64_docker --config=docker-sandbox --config=osx_arm64
+build:osx_arm64_docker_debug --config=osx_arm64_docker --config=debug
+
 # linux_arm64 docker sandbox build config
 build:linux_arm64_docker --config=docker-sandbox --config=linux_arm64
 build:linux_arm64_docker_debug --config=linux_arm64_docker --config=debug
@@ -220,3 +230,9 @@ build --modify_execution_info='GoStdlib.*=+no-remote-cache'

 # Set bazel gotag
 build --define gotags=bazel
+
+# Build the binary with Beacon API calls for the validator
+build --flag_alias=use_beacon_api=//validator/client/validator-client-factory:use_beacon_api
+
+build:beacon_api --use_beacon_api
+build:beacon_api --define=gotags=use_beacon_api
--- a/.bazelversion
+++ b/.bazelversion
@@ -1 +1 @@
-5.0.0
+5.3.0
--- a/.deepsource.toml
+++ b/.deepsource.toml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ name = "go"
 enabled = true

 [analyzers.meta]
-import_paths = ["github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm"]
+import_paths = ["github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3"]

 [[analyzers]]
 name = "test-coverage"
--- a/.github/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/.github/CODEOWNERS
@@ -5,12 +5,4 @@
 *.bzl @prestonvanloon

 # Anyone on prylabs team can approve dependency updates.
-deps.bzl @prysmaticlabs/core-team
-
-# Radek and Nishant are responsible for changes that can affect the native state feature.
-# See https://www.notion.so/prysmaticlabs/Native-Beacon-State-Redesign-6cc9744b4ec1439bb34fa829b36a35c1
-/beacon-chain/state/fieldtrie/ @rkapka @nisdas
-/beacon-chain/state/v1/ @rkapka @nisdas
-/beacon-chain/state/v2/ @rkapka @nisdas
-/beacon-chain/state/v3/ @rkapka @nisdas
-/beacon-chain/state/state-native/ @rkapka @nisdas
+deps.bzl @prysmaticlabs/core-team
--- a/.github/actions/gofmt/Dockerfile
+++ b/.github/actions/gofmt/Dockerfile
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-FROM cytopia/gofmt
-
-COPY entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh
-
-ENTRYPOINT ["/entrypoint.sh"]
--- a/.github/actions/gofmt/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/gofmt/action.yml
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-name: 'Gofmt checker'
-description: 'Checks that all project files have been properly formatted.'
-inputs:
-  path:
-    description: 'Path to check'
-    required: true
-    default: './'
-runs:
-  using: 'docker'
-  image: 'Dockerfile'
-  args:
-    - ${{ inputs.path }}
--- a/.github/actions/gofmt/entrypoint.sh
+++ b/.github/actions/gofmt/entrypoint.sh
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh -l
-set -e
-
-cd $GITHUB_WORKSPACE
-
-# Check if any files are not formatted.
-nonformatted="$(gofmt -l $1 2>&1)"
-
-# Return if `go fmt` passes.
-[ -z "$nonformatted" ] && exit 0
-
-# Notify of issues with formatting.
-echo "Following files need to be properly formatted:"
-echo "$nonformatted"
-exit 1
--- a/.github/workflows/go.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/go.yml
@@ -18,18 +18,6 @@ jobs:
        id: gomodtidy
        uses: ./.github/actions/gomodtidy

-      - name: Gofmt checker
-        id: gofmt
-        uses: ./.github/actions/gofmt
-        with:
-          path: ./
-
-      - name: GoImports checker
-        id: goimports
-        uses: Jerome1337/goimports-action@v1.0.2
-        with:
-          goimports-path: ./
-
  gosec:
    name: Gosec scan
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -38,14 +26,14 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - name: Set up Go 1.18
+      - name: Set up Go 1.19
        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
-          go-version: 1.18
+          go-version: 1.19
      - name: Run Gosec Security Scanner
        run: | # https://github.com/securego/gosec/issues/469
          export PATH=$PATH:$(go env GOPATH)/bin
-          go install github.com/securego/gosec/v2/cmd/gosec@latest
+          go install github.com/securego/gosec/v2/cmd/gosec@v2.12.0
          gosec -exclude=G307 -exclude-dir=crypto/bls/herumi ./...

  lint:
@@ -55,18 +43,17 @@ jobs:
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v2

-      - name: Set up Go 1.18
+      - name: Set up Go 1.19
        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
-          go-version: 1.18
+          go-version: 1.19
          id: go

      - name: Golangci-lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v2
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v3
        with:
-          args: --print-issued-lines --sort-results --no-config --timeout=10m --disable-all -E deadcode  -E errcheck -E gosimple --skip-files=validator/web/site_data.go --skip-dirs=proto --go=1.18
-          version: v1.45.2
-          skip-go-installation: true
+          version: v1.50.1
+          args: --config=.golangci.yml --out-${NO_FUTURE}format colored-line-number

  build:
    name: Build
@@ -75,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Set up Go 1.x
        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
        with:
-          go-version: 1.18
+          go-version: 1.19
        id: go

      - name: Check out code into the Go module directory
@@ -88,11 +75,14 @@ jobs:
      - name: Build
        # Use blst tag to allow go and bazel builds for blst.
        run: go build -v ./...
-
+        env: 
+           CGO_CFLAGS: "-O -D__BLST_PORTABLE__"
        # fuzz leverage go tag based stubs at compile time.
        # Building and testing with these tags should be checked and enforced at pre-submit.
      - name: Test for fuzzing
        run: go test  -tags=fuzz,develop ./...  -test.run=^Fuzz
+        env: 
+           CGO_CFLAGS: "-O -D__BLST_PORTABLE__"

 # Tests run via Bazel for now...
 #      - name: Test
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -38,3 +38,6 @@ metaData

 # execution API authentication
 jwt.hex
+
+# manual testing
+tmp
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -1,69 +1,28 @@
-linters-settings:
-  govet:
-    check-shadowing: true
-    settings:
-      printf:
-        funcs:
-          - (github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/pkg/logutils.Log).Infof
-          - (github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/pkg/logutils.Log).Warnf
-          - (github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/pkg/logutils.Log).Errorf
-          - (github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/pkg/logutils.Log).Fatalf
-  golint:
-    min-confidence: 0
-  gocyclo:
-    min-complexity: 10
-  maligned:
-    suggest-new: true
-  dupl:
-    threshold: 100
-  goconst:
-    min-len: 2
-    min-occurrences: 2
-  depguard:
-    list-type: blacklist
-    packages:
-      # logging is allowed only by logutils.Log, logrus
-      # is allowed to use only in logutils package
-      - github.com/sirupsen/logrus
-  misspell:
-    locale: US
-  lll:
-    line-length: 140
-  goimports:
-    local-prefixes: github.com/golangci/golangci-lint
-  gocritic:
-    enabled-tags:
-      - performance
-      - style
-      - experimental
-    disabled-checks:
-      - wrapperFunc
+run:
+  skip-files:
+    - validator/web/site_data.go
+    - .*_test.go
+  skip-dirs:
+    - proto
+    - tools/analyzers
+  timeout: 10m
+  go: '1.19'

 linters:
-  enable:
-    - deadcode
-    - goconst
-    - goimports
-    - golint
-    - gosec
-    - misspell
-    - structcheck
-    - typecheck
-    - unparam
-    - varcheck
-    - gofmt
-    - unused
  disable-all: true
+  enable:
+    - gofmt
+    - goimports
+    - unused
+    - errcheck
+    - gosimple
+    - gocognit

-run:
-  skip-dirs:
-    - proto/
-    - ^contracts/
-  deadline: 10m
+linters-settings:
+  gocognit:
+    # TODO: We should target for < 50
+    min-complexity: 65

-# golangci.com configuration
-# https://github.com/golangci/golangci/wiki/Configuration
-service:
-  golangci-lint-version: 1.15.0 # use the fixed version to not introduce new linters unexpectedly
-  prepare:
-    - echo "here I can run custom commands, but no preparation needed for this repo"
+output:
+  print-issued-lines: true
+  sort-results: true
--- a/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/BUILD.bazel
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ exports_files([
    "LICENSE.md",
 ])

-# gazelle:prefix github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm
+# gazelle:prefix github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3
 # gazelle:map_kind go_library go_library @prysm//tools/go:def.bzl
 # gazelle:map_kind go_test go_test @prysm//tools/go:def.bzl
 # gazelle:map_kind go_repository go_repository @prysm//tools/go:def.bzl
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ nogo(
        "//tools/analyzers/gocognit:go_default_library",
        "//tools/analyzers/ineffassign:go_default_library",
        "//tools/analyzers/interfacechecker:go_default_library",
+        "//tools/analyzers/logruswitherror:go_default_library",
        "//tools/analyzers/maligned:go_default_library",
        "//tools/analyzers/nop:go_default_library",
        "//tools/analyzers/properpermissions:go_default_library",
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@

 [![Build status](https://badge.buildkite.com/b555891daf3614bae4284dcf365b2340cefc0089839526f096.svg?branch=master)](https://buildkite.com/prysmatic-labs/prysm)
 [![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm)
-[![Consensus_Spec_Version 1.2.0-rc.1](https://img.shields.io/badge/Consensus%20Spec%20Version-v1.2.0.rc.1-blue.svg)](https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/tree/v1.2.0-rc.1)
-[![Execution_API_Version 1.0.0-alpha.9](https://img.shields.io/badge/Execution%20API%20Version-v1.0.0.alpha.9-blue.svg)](https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/tree/v1.0.0-alpha.9/src/engine)
+[![Consensus_Spec_Version 1.2.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/Consensus%20Spec%20Version-v1.2.0-blue.svg)](https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/tree/v1.2.0)
+[![Execution_API_Version 1.0.0-beta.1](https://img.shields.io/badge/Execution%20API%20Version-v1.0.0.beta.1-blue.svg)](https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/tree/v1.0.0-beta.1/src/engine)
 [![Discord](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/7288322/34471967-1df7808a-efbb-11e7-9088-ed0b04151291.png)](https://discord.gg/CTYGPUJ)
+[![GitPOAP Badge](https://public-api.gitpoap.io/v1/repo/prysmaticlabs/prysm/badge)](https://www.gitpoap.io/gh/prysmaticlabs/prysm)

 This is the core repository for Prysm, a [Golang](https://golang.org/) implementation of the [Ethereum Consensus](https://ethereum.org/en/eth2/) specification, developed by [Prysmatic Labs](https://prysmaticlabs.com). See the [Changelog](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/releases) for details of the latest releases and upcoming breaking changes.

--- a/63
+++ b/63
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ http_archive(

 http_archive(
    name = "com_grail_bazel_toolchain",
-    sha256 = "040b9d00b8a03e8a28e38159ad0f2d0e0de625d93f453a9f226971a8c47e757b",
-    strip_prefix = "bazel-toolchain-5f82830f9d6a1941c3eb29683c1864ccf2862454",
-    urls = ["https://github.com/grailbio/bazel-toolchain/archive/5f82830f9d6a1941c3eb29683c1864ccf2862454.tar.gz"],
+    sha256 = "b210fc8e58782ef171f428bfc850ed7179bdd805543ebd1aa144b9c93489134f",
+    strip_prefix = "bazel-toolchain-83e69ba9e4b4fdad0d1d057fcb87addf77c281c9",
+    urls = ["https://github.com/grailbio/bazel-toolchain/archive/83e69ba9e4b4fdad0d1d057fcb87addf77c281c9.tar.gz"],
 )

 load("@com_grail_bazel_toolchain//toolchain:deps.bzl", "bazel_toolchain_dependencies")
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ load("@com_grail_bazel_toolchain//toolchain:rules.bzl", "llvm_toolchain")

 llvm_toolchain(
    name = "llvm_toolchain",
-    llvm_version = "10.0.0",
+    llvm_version = "13.0.1",
 )

 load("@llvm_toolchain//:toolchains.bzl", "llvm_register_toolchains")
@@ -88,10 +88,10 @@ http_archive(
        # Expose internals of go_test for custom build transitions.
        "//third_party:io_bazel_rules_go_test.patch",
    ],
-    sha256 = "f2dcd210c7095febe54b804bb1cd3a58fe8435a909db2ec04e31542631cf715c",
+    sha256 = "ae013bf35bd23234d1dea46b079f1e05ba74ac0321423830119d3e787ec73483",
    urls = [
-        "https://mirror.bazel.build/github.com/bazelbuild/rules_go/releases/download/v0.31.0/rules_go-v0.31.0.zip",
-        "https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_go/releases/download/v0.31.0/rules_go-v0.31.0.zip",
+        "https://mirror.bazel.build/github.com/bazelbuild/rules_go/releases/download/v0.36.0/rules_go-v0.36.0.zip",
+        "https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_go/releases/download/v0.36.0/rules_go-v0.36.0.zip",
    ],
 )

@@ -110,13 +110,6 @@ git_repository(
    # gazelle args: -go_prefix github.com/gogo/protobuf -proto legacy
 )

-http_archive(
-    name = "fuzzit_linux",
-    build_file_content = "exports_files([\"fuzzit\"])",
-    sha256 = "9ca76ac1c22d9360936006efddf992977ebf8e4788ded8e5f9d511285c9ac774",
-    urls = ["https://github.com/fuzzitdev/fuzzit/releases/download/v2.4.76/fuzzit_Linux_x86_64.zip"],
-)
-
 load(
    "@io_bazel_rules_docker//repositories:repositories.bzl",
    container_repositories = "repositories",
@@ -164,35 +157,15 @@ container_pull(
    repository = "pinglamb/alpine-glibc",
 )

-container_pull(
-    name = "fuzzit_base",
-    digest = "sha256:24a39a4360b07b8f0121eb55674a2e757ab09f0baff5569332fefd227ee4338f",
-    registry = "gcr.io",
-    repository = "fuzzit-public/stretch-llvm8",
-)
-
 load("@io_bazel_rules_go//go:deps.bzl", "go_register_toolchains", "go_rules_dependencies")

 go_rules_dependencies()

 go_register_toolchains(
-    go_version = "1.18.1",
+    go_version = "1.19.4",
    nogo = "@//:nogo",
 )

-http_archive(
-    name = "prysm_testnet_site",
-    build_file_content = """
-proto_library(
-  name = "faucet_proto",
-  srcs = ["src/proto/faucet.proto"],
-  visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-)""",
-    sha256 = "29742136ff9faf47343073c4569a7cf21b8ed138f726929e09e3c38ab83544f7",
-    strip_prefix = "prysm-testnet-site-5c711600f0a77fc553b18cf37b880eaffef4afdb",
-    url = "https://github.com/prestonvanloon/prysm-testnet-site/archive/5c711600f0a77fc553b18cf37b880eaffef4afdb.tar.gz",
-)
-
 http_archive(
    name = "io_kubernetes_build",
    sha256 = "b84fbd1173acee9d02a7d3698ad269fdf4f7aa081e9cecd40e012ad0ad8cfa2a",
@@ -215,7 +188,7 @@ filegroup(
    url = "https://github.com/eth-clients/slashing-protection-interchange-tests/archive/b8413ca42dc92308019d0d4db52c87e9e125c4e9.tar.gz",
 )

-consensus_spec_version = "v1.2.0-rc.1"
+consensus_spec_version = "v1.3.0-alpha.1"

 bls_test_version = "v0.1.1"

@@ -231,7 +204,7 @@ filegroup(
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )
    """,
-    sha256 = "9c93f87378aaa6d6fe1c67b396eac2aacc9594af2a83f028cb99c95dea5b81df",
+    sha256 = "b5a65eb5ecef1c4fca82ff29739936fee019e8a529ef392ea5e46aa39f40a0b2",
    url = "https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-spec-tests/releases/download/%s/general.tar.gz" % consensus_spec_version,
 )

@@ -247,7 +220,7 @@ filegroup(
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )
    """,
-    sha256 = "52f2c52415228cee8a4de5a09abff785f439a77dfef8f03e834e4e16857673c1",
+    sha256 = "b381bb0184e69cb17d05fbbe75f48c6aec7726957d073e3a65c26671d5d27d37",
    url = "https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-spec-tests/releases/download/%s/minimal.tar.gz" % consensus_spec_version,
 )

@@ -263,7 +236,7 @@ filegroup(
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )
    """,
-    sha256 = "022dcc0d6de7dd27b337a0d1b945077eaf5ee47000700395a693fc25e12f96df",
+    sha256 = "9466f2a5a2dea039a2deb953f0b5dce5399400028bf3f218ffef03f8ef9c446c",
    url = "https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-spec-tests/releases/download/%s/mainnet.tar.gz" % consensus_spec_version,
 )

@@ -278,7 +251,7 @@ filegroup(
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )
    """,
-    sha256 = "0a9c110305cbd6ebbe0d942f0f33e6ce22dd484ce4ceed277bf185a091941cde",
+    sha256 = "3cc3141651a320a1f5767d15826e85aaa96eb4459d9e1a1d3f5a0cdbc79b8f56",
    strip_prefix = "consensus-specs-" + consensus_spec_version[1:],
    url = "https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/archive/refs/tags/%s.tar.gz" % consensus_spec_version,
 )
@@ -309,9 +282,9 @@ filegroup(
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )
    """,
-    sha256 = "4e8a18b21d056c4032605621b1a6632198eabab57cb90c61e273f344c287f1b2",
-    strip_prefix = "eth2-networks-791a5369c5981e829698b17fbcdcdacbdaba97c8",
-    url = "https://github.com/eth-clients/eth2-networks/archive/791a5369c5981e829698b17fbcdcdacbdaba97c8.tar.gz",
+    sha256 = "82b01a48b143fe0f2fb7fb5f5dd385c1f934335a12d7954f08b1d45d77427b5e",
+    strip_prefix = "eth2-networks-674f7a1d01d9c18345456eab76e3871b3df2126b",
+    url = "https://github.com/eth-clients/eth2-networks/archive/674f7a1d01d9c18345456eab76e3871b3df2126b.tar.gz",
 )

 http_archive(
@@ -342,9 +315,9 @@ filegroup(
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )
 """,
-    sha256 = "4797a7e594a5b1f4c1c8080701613f3ee451b01ec0861499ea7d9b60877a6b23",
+    sha256 = "b2226874526805d64c29e5053fa28e511b57c0860585d6d59777ee81ff4859ca",
    urls = [
-        "https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm-web-ui/releases/download/v1.0.3/prysm-web-ui.tar.gz",
+        "https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm-web-ui/releases/download/v2.0.2/prysm-web-ui.tar.gz",
    ],
 )

--- a/api/client/beacon/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/api/client/beacon/BUILD.bazel
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ go_library(
        "doc.go",
        "errors.go",
    ],
-    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/api/client/beacon",
+    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/api/client/beacon",
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
    deps = [
        "//beacon-chain/core/helpers:go_default_library",
@@ -40,8 +40,9 @@ go_test(
    deps = [
        "//beacon-chain/state:go_default_library",
        "//config/params:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/blocks/testing:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types/primitives:go_default_library",
-        "//consensus-types/wrapper:go_default_library",
        "//encoding/ssz/detect:go_default_library",
        "//network/forks:go_default_library",
        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
--- a/api/client/beacon/checkpoint.go
+++ b/api/client/beacon/checkpoint.go
@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ import (
 	"path"

 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/interfaces"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/ssz/detect"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/io/file"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/runtime/version"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/ssz/detect"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/io/file"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/runtime/version"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.org/x/mod/semver"
 )
@@ -21,14 +21,13 @@ import (
 // OriginData represents the BeaconState and SignedBeaconBlock necessary to start an empty Beacon Node
 // using Checkpoint Sync.
 type OriginData struct {
-	wsd *WeakSubjectivityData
-	sb  []byte
-	bb  []byte
-	st  state.BeaconState
-	b   interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock
-	vu  *detect.VersionedUnmarshaler
-	br  [32]byte
-	sr  [32]byte
+	sb []byte
+	bb []byte
+	st state.BeaconState
+	b  interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock
+	vu *detect.VersionedUnmarshaler
+	br [32]byte
+	sr [32]byte
 }

 // SaveBlock saves the downloaded block to a unique file in the given path.
@@ -75,6 +74,9 @@ func DownloadFinalizedData(ctx context.Context, client *Client) (*OriginData, er
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error unmarshaling finalized state to correct version")
 	}
+	if s.Slot() != s.LatestBlockHeader().Slot {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("finalized state slot does not match latest block header slot %d != %d", s.Slot(), s.LatestBlockHeader().Slot)
+	}

 	sr, err := s.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/api/client/beacon/checkpoint_test.go
+++ b/api/client/beacon/checkpoint_test.go
@@ -10,21 +10,21 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	blocktest "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks/testing"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/network/forks"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/util"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/network/forks"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/util"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
-
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/ssz/detect"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/runtime/version"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/ssz/detect"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/runtime/version"

 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
 )

 type testRT struct {
@@ -134,10 +134,14 @@ func TestDownloadWeakSubjectivityCheckpoint(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, wst.SetFork(fork))

 	// set up checkpoint block
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
-	require.NoError(t, wrapper.SetBlockParentRoot(b, cfg.ZeroHash))
-	require.NoError(t, wrapper.SetBlockSlot(b, wSlot))
-	require.NoError(t, wrapper.SetProposerIndex(b, 0))
+	b, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	b, err = blocktest.SetBlockParentRoot(b, cfg.ZeroHash)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	b, err = blocktest.SetBlockSlot(b, wSlot)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	b, err = blocktest.SetProposerIndex(b, 0)
+	require.NoError(t, err)

 	// set up state header pointing at checkpoint block - this is how the block is downloaded by root
 	header, err := b.Header()
@@ -151,7 +155,8 @@ func TestDownloadWeakSubjectivityCheckpoint(t *testing.T) {
 	wRoot, err := wst.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	require.NoError(t, wrapper.SetBlockStateRoot(b, wRoot))
+	b, err = blocktest.SetBlockStateRoot(b, wRoot)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	serBlock, err := b.MarshalSSZ()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	bRoot, err := b.Block().HashTreeRoot()
@@ -230,10 +235,14 @@ func TestDownloadBackwardsCompatibleCombined(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, wst.SetFork(fork))

 	// set up checkpoint block
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
-	require.NoError(t, wrapper.SetBlockParentRoot(b, cfg.ZeroHash))
-	require.NoError(t, wrapper.SetBlockSlot(b, wSlot))
-	require.NoError(t, wrapper.SetProposerIndex(b, 0))
+	b, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	b, err = blocktest.SetBlockParentRoot(b, cfg.ZeroHash)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	b, err = blocktest.SetBlockSlot(b, wSlot)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	b, err = blocktest.SetProposerIndex(b, 0)
+	require.NoError(t, err)

 	// set up state header pointing at checkpoint block - this is how the block is downloaded by root
 	header, err := b.Header()
@@ -247,7 +256,8 @@ func TestDownloadBackwardsCompatibleCombined(t *testing.T) {
 	wRoot, err := wst.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	require.NoError(t, wrapper.SetBlockStateRoot(b, wRoot))
+	b, err = blocktest.SetBlockStateRoot(b, wRoot)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	serBlock, err := b.MarshalSSZ()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	bRoot, err := b.Block().HashTreeRoot()
@@ -408,12 +418,17 @@ func TestDownloadFinalizedData(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	fork, err := forkForEpoch(cfg, epoch)
 	require.NoError(t, st.SetFork(fork))
+	require.NoError(t, st.SetSlot(slot))

 	// set up checkpoint block
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
-	require.NoError(t, wrapper.SetBlockParentRoot(b, cfg.ZeroHash))
-	require.NoError(t, wrapper.SetBlockSlot(b, slot))
-	require.NoError(t, wrapper.SetProposerIndex(b, 0))
+	b, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	b, err = blocktest.SetBlockParentRoot(b, cfg.ZeroHash)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	b, err = blocktest.SetBlockSlot(b, slot)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	b, err = blocktest.SetProposerIndex(b, 0)
+	require.NoError(t, err)

 	// set up state header pointing at checkpoint block - this is how the block is downloaded by root
 	header, err := b.Header()
@@ -427,7 +442,8 @@ func TestDownloadFinalizedData(t *testing.T) {
 	sr, err := st.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	require.NoError(t, wrapper.SetBlockStateRoot(b, sr))
+	b, err = blocktest.SetBlockStateRoot(b, sr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	mb, err := b.MarshalSSZ()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	br, err := b.Block().HashTreeRoot()
--- a/api/client/beacon/client.go
+++ b/api/client/beacon/client.go
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ import (
 	"text/template"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/network/forks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/network/forks"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/rpc/apimiddleware"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/rpc/apimiddleware"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )

@@ -95,8 +95,6 @@ func WithTimeout(timeout time.Duration) ClientOpt {
 // Client provides a collection of helper methods for calling the Eth Beacon Node API endpoints.
 type Client struct {
 	hc      *http.Client
-	host    string
-	scheme  string
 	baseURL *url.URL
 }

--- a/api/client/beacon/client_test.go
+++ b/api/client/beacon/client_test.go
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
 )

 func TestParseNodeVersion(t *testing.T) {
--- a/api/client/beacon/doc.go
+++ b/api/client/beacon/doc.go
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 /*
 Package beacon provides a client for interacting with the standard Eth Beacon Node API.
 Interactive swagger documentation for the API is available here: https://ethereum.github.io/beacon-APIs/
-
 */
 package beacon
--- a/api/client/builder/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/api/client/builder/BUILD.bazel
@@ -7,16 +7,20 @@ go_library(
        "errors.go",
        "types.go",
    ],
-    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/api/client/builder",
+    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/api/client/builder",
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
    deps = [
        "//consensus-types/primitives:go_default_library",
        "//encoding/bytesutil:go_default_library",
+        "//monitoring/tracing:go_default_library",
+        "//network:go_default_library",
+        "//network/authorization:go_default_library",
        "//proto/engine/v1:go_default_library",
        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_ethereum_go_ethereum//common/hexutil:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_pkg_errors//:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_sirupsen_logrus//:go_default_library",
+        "@io_opencensus_go//trace:go_default_library",
    ],
 )

@@ -36,6 +40,7 @@ go_test(
        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
        "//testing/require:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_ethereum_go_ethereum//common/hexutil:go_default_library",
+        "@com_github_golang_protobuf//proto:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_prysmaticlabs_go_bitfield//:go_default_library",
    ],
 )
--- a/api/client/builder/client.go
+++ b/api/client/builder/client.go
@@ -12,12 +12,15 @@ import (
 	"text/template"
 	"time"

-	v1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/engine/v1"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/monitoring/tracing"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/network"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/network/authorization"
+	v1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/engine/v1"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )

 const (
@@ -28,17 +31,12 @@ const (
 )

 var errMalformedHostname = errors.New("hostname must include port, separated by one colon, like example.com:3500")
+var errMalformedRequest = errors.New("required request data are missing")
+var submitBlindedBlockTimeout = 3 * time.Second

 // ClientOpt is a functional option for the Client type (http.Client wrapper)
 type ClientOpt func(*Client)

-// WithTimeout sets the .Timeout attribute of the wrapped http.Client.
-func WithTimeout(timeout time.Duration) ClientOpt {
-	return func(c *Client) {
-		c.hc.Timeout = timeout
-	}
-}
-
 type observer interface {
 	observe(r *http.Request) error
 }
@@ -81,6 +79,15 @@ func (*requestLogger) observe(r *http.Request) (e error) {

 var _ observer = &requestLogger{}

+// BuilderClient provides a collection of helper methods for calling Builder API endpoints.
+type BuilderClient interface {
+	NodeURL() string
+	GetHeader(ctx context.Context, slot types.Slot, parentHash [32]byte, pubkey [48]byte) (*ethpb.SignedBuilderBid, error)
+	RegisterValidator(ctx context.Context, svr []*ethpb.SignedValidatorRegistrationV1) error
+	SubmitBlindedBlock(ctx context.Context, sb *ethpb.SignedBlindedBeaconBlockBellatrix) (*v1.ExecutionPayload, error)
+	Status(ctx context.Context) error
+}
+
 // Client provides a collection of helper methods for calling Builder API endpoints.
 type Client struct {
 	hc      *http.Client
@@ -92,7 +99,8 @@ type Client struct {
 // `host` is the base host + port used to construct request urls. This value can be
 // a URL string, or NewClient will assume an http endpoint if just `host:port` is used.
 func NewClient(host string, opts ...ClientOpt) (*Client, error) {
-	u, err := urlForHost(host)
+	endpoint := covertEndPoint(host)
+	u, err := urlForHost(endpoint.Url)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -127,37 +135,51 @@ func (c *Client) NodeURL() string {

 type reqOption func(*http.Request)

-// do is a generic, opinionated GET function to reduce boilerplate amongst the getters in this packageapi/client/builder/types.go.
-func (c *Client) do(ctx context.Context, method string, path string, body io.Reader, opts ...reqOption) ([]byte, error) {
+// do is a generic, opinionated request function to reduce boilerplate amongst the methods in this package api/client/builder/types.go.
+func (c *Client) do(ctx context.Context, method string, path string, body io.Reader, opts ...reqOption) (res []byte, err error) {
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "builder.client.do")
+	defer func() {
+		tracing.AnnotateError(span, err)
+		span.End()
+	}()
+
 	u := c.baseURL.ResolveReference(&url.URL{Path: path})
-	log.Printf("requesting %s", u.String())
+
+	span.AddAttributes(trace.StringAttribute("url", u.String()),
+		trace.StringAttribute("method", method))
+
 	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, method, u.String(), body)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return
 	}
 	for _, o := range opts {
 		o(req)
 	}
 	for _, o := range c.obvs {
-		if err := o.observe(req); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+		if err = o.observe(req); err != nil {
+			return
 		}
 	}
 	r, err := c.hc.Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return
 	}
 	defer func() {
-		err = r.Body.Close()
+		closeErr := r.Body.Close()
+		if closeErr != nil {
+			log.WithError(closeErr).Error("Failed to close response body")
+		}
 	}()
 	if r.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return nil, non200Err(r)
+		err = non200Err(r)
+		return
 	}
-	b, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+	res, err = io.ReadAll(r.Body)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error reading http response body from GetBlock")
+		err = errors.Wrap(err, "error reading http response body from builder server")
+		return
 	}
-	return b, nil
+	return
 }

 var execHeaderTemplate = template.Must(template.New("").Parse(getExecHeaderPath))
@@ -199,12 +221,27 @@ func (c *Client) GetHeader(ctx context.Context, slot types.Slot, parentHash [32]

 // RegisterValidator encodes the SignedValidatorRegistrationV1 message to json (including hex-encoding the byte
 // fields with 0x prefixes) and posts to the builder validator registration endpoint.
-func (c *Client) RegisterValidator(ctx context.Context, svr *ethpb.SignedValidatorRegistrationV1) error {
-	v := &SignedValidatorRegistration{SignedValidatorRegistrationV1: svr}
-	body, err := json.Marshal(v)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "error encoding the SignedValidatorRegistration value body in RegisterValidator")
+func (c *Client) RegisterValidator(ctx context.Context, svr []*ethpb.SignedValidatorRegistrationV1) error {
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "builder.client.RegisterValidator")
+	defer span.End()
+	span.AddAttributes(trace.Int64Attribute("num_reqs", int64(len(svr))))
+
+	if len(svr) == 0 {
+		err := errors.Wrap(errMalformedRequest, "empty validator registration list")
+		tracing.AnnotateError(span, err)
+		return err
 	}
+	vs := make([]*SignedValidatorRegistration, len(svr))
+	for i := 0; i < len(svr); i++ {
+		vs[i] = &SignedValidatorRegistration{SignedValidatorRegistrationV1: svr[i]}
+	}
+	body, err := json.Marshal(vs)
+	if err != nil {
+		err := errors.Wrap(err, "error encoding the SignedValidatorRegistration value body in RegisterValidator")
+		tracing.AnnotateError(span, err)
+		return err
+	}
+
 	_, err = c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, postRegisterValidatorPath, bytes.NewBuffer(body))
 	return err
 }
@@ -217,7 +254,11 @@ func (c *Client) SubmitBlindedBlock(ctx context.Context, sb *ethpb.SignedBlinded
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error encoding the SignedBlindedBeaconBlockBellatrix value body in SubmitBlindedBlock")
 	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, submitBlindedBlockTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
 	rb, err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, postBlindedBeaconBlockPath, bytes.NewBuffer(body))
+
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error posting the SignedBlindedBeaconBlockBellatrix to the builder api")
 	}
@@ -238,6 +279,7 @@ func (c *Client) Status(ctx context.Context) error {

 func non200Err(response *http.Response) error {
 	bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(response.Body)
+	var errMessage ErrorMessage
 	var body string
 	if err != nil {
 		body = "(Unable to read response body.)"
@@ -246,9 +288,38 @@ func non200Err(response *http.Response) error {
 	}
 	msg := fmt.Sprintf("code=%d, url=%s, body=%s", response.StatusCode, response.Request.URL, body)
 	switch response.StatusCode {
+	case 204:
+		log.WithError(ErrNoContent).Debug(msg)
+		return ErrNoContent
+	case 400:
+		if jsonErr := json.Unmarshal(bodyBytes, &errMessage); jsonErr != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(jsonErr, "unable to read response body")
+		}
+		log.WithError(ErrBadRequest).Debug(msg)
+		return errors.Wrap(ErrBadRequest, errMessage.Message)
 	case 404:
-		return errors.Wrap(ErrNotFound, msg)
+		if jsonErr := json.Unmarshal(bodyBytes, &errMessage); jsonErr != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(jsonErr, "unable to read response body")
+		}
+		log.WithError(ErrNotFound).Debug(msg)
+		return errors.Wrap(ErrNotFound, errMessage.Message)
+	case 500:
+		if jsonErr := json.Unmarshal(bodyBytes, &errMessage); jsonErr != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(jsonErr, "unable to read response body")
+		}
+		log.WithError(ErrNotOK).Debug(msg)
+		return errors.Wrap(ErrNotOK, errMessage.Message)
 	default:
-		return errors.Wrap(ErrNotOK, msg)
+		log.WithError(ErrNotOK).Debug(msg)
+		return errors.Wrap(ErrNotOK, fmt.Sprintf("unsupported error code: %d", response.StatusCode))
 	}
 }
+
+func covertEndPoint(ep string) network.Endpoint {
+	return network.Endpoint{
+		Url: ep,
+		Auth: network.AuthorizationData{ // Auth is not used for builder.
+			Method: authorization.None,
+			Value:  "",
+		}}
+}
--- a/api/client/builder/client_test.go
+++ b/api/client/builder/client_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package builder
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
@@ -11,11 +12,12 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/go-bitfield"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	eth "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	v1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/engine/v1"
+	eth "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
 )

 type roundtrip func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
@@ -57,9 +59,15 @@ func TestClient_Status(t *testing.T) {
 				require.NoError(t, r.Body.Close())
 			}()
 			require.Equal(t, statusPath, r.URL.Path)
+			message := ErrorMessage{
+				Code:    500,
+				Message: "Internal server error",
+			}
+			resp, err := json.Marshal(message)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 			return &http.Response{
 				StatusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
-				Body:       io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(nil)),
+				Body:       io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(resp)),
 				Request:    r.Clone(ctx),
 			}, nil
 		}),
@@ -73,7 +81,7 @@ func TestClient_Status(t *testing.T) {

 func TestClient_RegisterValidator(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
-	expectedBody := `{"message":{"fee_recipient":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000","gas_limit":"23","timestamp":"42","pubkey":"0x93247f2209abcacf57b75a51dafae777f9dd38bc7053d1af526f220a7489a6d3a2753e5f3e8b1cfe39b56f43611df74a"}}`
+	expectedBody := `[{"message":{"fee_recipient":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000","gas_limit":"23","timestamp":"42","pubkey":"0x93247f2209abcacf57b75a51dafae777f9dd38bc7053d1af526f220a7489a6d3a2753e5f3e8b1cfe39b56f43611df74a"},"signature":"0x1b66ac1fb663c9bc59509846d6ec05345bd908eda73e670af888da41af171505cc411d61252fb6cb3fa0017b679f8bb2305b26a285fa2737f175668d0dff91cc1b66ac1fb663c9bc59509846d6ec05345bd908eda73e670af888da41af171505"}]`
 	expectedPath := "/eth/v1/builder/validators"
 	hc := &http.Client{
 		Transport: roundtrip(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
@@ -103,8 +111,9 @@ func TestClient_RegisterValidator(t *testing.T) {
 			Timestamp:    42,
 			Pubkey:       ezDecode(t, "0x93247f2209abcacf57b75a51dafae777f9dd38bc7053d1af526f220a7489a6d3a2753e5f3e8b1cfe39b56f43611df74a"),
 		},
+		Signature: ezDecode(t, "0x1b66ac1fb663c9bc59509846d6ec05345bd908eda73e670af888da41af171505cc411d61252fb6cb3fa0017b679f8bb2305b26a285fa2737f175668d0dff91cc1b66ac1fb663c9bc59509846d6ec05345bd908eda73e670af888da41af171505"),
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, c.RegisterValidator(ctx, reg))
+	require.NoError(t, c.RegisterValidator(ctx, []*eth.SignedValidatorRegistrationV1{reg}))
 }

 func TestClient_GetHeader(t *testing.T) {
@@ -113,9 +122,15 @@ func TestClient_GetHeader(t *testing.T) {
 	hc := &http.Client{
 		Transport: roundtrip(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 			require.Equal(t, expectedPath, r.URL.Path)
+			message := ErrorMessage{
+				Code:    500,
+				Message: "Internal server error",
+			}
+			resp, err := json.Marshal(message)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 			return &http.Response{
 				StatusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
-				Body:       io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(nil)),
+				Body:       io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(resp)),
 				Request:    r.Clone(ctx),
 			}, nil
 		}),
@@ -130,6 +145,23 @@ func TestClient_GetHeader(t *testing.T) {
 	_, err := c.GetHeader(ctx, slot, bytesutil.ToBytes32(parentHash), bytesutil.ToBytes48(pubkey))
 	require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNotOK)

+	hc = &http.Client{
+		Transport: roundtrip(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+			require.Equal(t, expectedPath, r.URL.Path)
+			return &http.Response{
+				StatusCode: http.StatusNoContent,
+				Body:       io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer([]byte("No header is available."))),
+				Request:    r.Clone(ctx),
+			}, nil
+		}),
+	}
+	c = &Client{
+		hc:      hc,
+		baseURL: &url.URL{Host: "localhost:3500", Scheme: "http"},
+	}
+	_, err = c.GetHeader(ctx, slot, bytesutil.ToBytes32(parentHash), bytesutil.ToBytes48(pubkey))
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNoContent)
+
 	hc = &http.Client{
 		Transport: roundtrip(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 			require.Equal(t, expectedPath, r.URL.Path)
@@ -151,7 +183,8 @@ func TestClient_GetHeader(t *testing.T) {
 	expectedTxRoot := ezDecode(t, "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2")
 	require.Equal(t, true, bytes.Equal(expectedTxRoot, h.Message.Header.TransactionsRoot))
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), h.Message.Header.GasUsed)
-	value := stringToUint256("652312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656")
+	value, err := stringToUint256("652312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf("%#x", value.SSZBytes()), fmt.Sprintf("%#x", h.Message.Value))
 }

@@ -175,7 +208,8 @@ func TestSubmitBlindedBlock(t *testing.T) {
 	ep, err := c.SubmitBlindedBlock(ctx, sbbb)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, true, bytes.Equal(ezDecode(t, "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2"), ep.ParentHash))
-	bfpg := stringToUint256("452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656")
+	bfpg, err := stringToUint256("452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bfpg.SSZBytes()), fmt.Sprintf("%#x", ep.BaseFeePerGas))
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), ep.GasLimit)
 }
@@ -300,7 +334,7 @@ func testSignedBlindedBeaconBlockBellatrix(t *testing.T) *eth.SignedBlindedBeaco
 					SyncCommitteeSignature: make([]byte, 48),
 					SyncCommitteeBits:      bitfield.Bitvector512{0x01},
 				},
-				ExecutionPayloadHeader: &eth.ExecutionPayloadHeader{
+				ExecutionPayloadHeader: &v1.ExecutionPayloadHeader{
 					ParentHash:       ezDecode(t, "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2"),
 					FeeRecipient:     ezDecode(t, "0xabcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc09"),
 					StateRoot:        ezDecode(t, "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2"),
--- a/api/client/builder/errors.go
+++ b/api/client/builder/errors.go
@@ -4,7 +4,14 @@ import "github.com/pkg/errors"

 // ErrNotOK is used to indicate when an HTTP request to the Beacon Node API failed with any non-2xx response code.
 // More specific errors may be returned, but an error in reaction to a non-2xx response will always wrap ErrNotOK.
-var ErrNotOK = errors.New("did not receive 2xx response from API")
+var ErrNotOK = errors.New("did not receive 200 response from API")

 // ErrNotFound specifically means that a '404 - NOT FOUND' response was received from the API.
 var ErrNotFound = errors.Wrap(ErrNotOK, "recv 404 NotFound response from API")
+
+// ErrBadRequest specifically means that a '400 - BAD REQUEST' response was received from the API.
+var ErrBadRequest = errors.Wrap(ErrNotOK, "recv 400 BadRequest response from API")
+
+// ErrNoContent specifically means that a '204 - No Content' response was received from the API.
+// Typically, a 204 is a success but in this case for the Header API means No header is available
+var ErrNoContent = errors.New("recv 204 no content response from API, No header is available")
--- a/consensus-types/forks/bellatrix/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/consensus-types/forks/bellatrix/BUILD.bazel
@@ -2,13 +2,12 @@ load("@prysm//tools/go:def.bzl", "go_library")

 go_library(
    name = "go_default_library",
-    srcs = ["execution_payload.go"],
-    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/forks/bellatrix",
+    srcs = ["mock.go"],
+    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/api/client/builder/testing",
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
    deps = [
-        "//config/fieldparams:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/primitives:go_default_library",
        "//encoding/bytesutil:go_default_library",
-        "//encoding/ssz:go_default_library",
        "//proto/engine/v1:go_default_library",
        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
    ],
--- a/api/client/builder/testing/mock.go
+++ b/api/client/builder/testing/mock.go
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package testing
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	v1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/engine/v1"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+)
+
+// MockClient is a mock implementation of BuilderClient.
+type MockClient struct {
+	RegisteredVals map[[48]byte]bool
+}
+
+// NewClient creates a new, correctly initialized mock.
+func NewClient() MockClient {
+	return MockClient{RegisteredVals: map[[48]byte]bool{}}
+}
+
+// NodeURL --
+func (MockClient) NodeURL() string {
+	return ""
+}
+
+// GetHeader --
+func (MockClient) GetHeader(_ context.Context, _ types.Slot, _ [32]byte, _ [48]byte) (*ethpb.SignedBuilderBid, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// RegisterValidator --
+func (m MockClient) RegisterValidator(_ context.Context, svr []*ethpb.SignedValidatorRegistrationV1) error {
+	for _, r := range svr {
+		b := bytesutil.ToBytes48(r.Message.Pubkey)
+		m.RegisteredVals[b] = true
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SubmitBlindedBlock --
+func (MockClient) SubmitBlindedBlock(_ context.Context, _ *ethpb.SignedBlindedBeaconBlockBellatrix) (*v1.ExecutionPayload, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// Status --
+func (MockClient) Status(_ context.Context) error {
+	return nil
+}
--- a/api/client/builder/types.go
+++ b/api/client/builder/types.go
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ import (

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	v1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/engine/v1"
-	eth "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	v1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/engine/v1"
+	eth "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 )

 type SignedValidatorRegistration struct {
@@ -23,20 +23,36 @@ type ValidatorRegistration struct {

 func (r *SignedValidatorRegistration) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		Message   *ValidatorRegistration `json:"message,omitempty"`
-		Signature hexutil.Bytes          `json:"signature,omitempty"`
+		Message   *ValidatorRegistration `json:"message"`
+		Signature hexutil.Bytes          `json:"signature"`
 	}{
 		Message:   &ValidatorRegistration{r.Message},
 		Signature: r.SignedValidatorRegistrationV1.Signature,
 	})
 }

+func (r *SignedValidatorRegistration) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
+	if r.SignedValidatorRegistrationV1 == nil {
+		r.SignedValidatorRegistrationV1 = &eth.SignedValidatorRegistrationV1{}
+	}
+	o := struct {
+		Message   *ValidatorRegistration `json:"message"`
+		Signature hexutil.Bytes          `json:"signature"`
+	}{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &o); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	r.Message = o.Message.ValidatorRegistrationV1
+	r.Signature = o.Signature
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (r *ValidatorRegistration) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		FeeRecipient hexutil.Bytes `json:"fee_recipient,omitempty"`
-		GasLimit     string        `json:"gas_limit,omitempty"`
-		Timestamp    string        `json:"timestamp,omitempty"`
-		Pubkey       hexutil.Bytes `json:"pubkey,omitempty"`
+		FeeRecipient hexutil.Bytes `json:"fee_recipient"`
+		GasLimit     string        `json:"gas_limit"`
+		Timestamp    string        `json:"timestamp"`
+		Pubkey       hexutil.Bytes `json:"pubkey"`
 	}{
 		FeeRecipient: r.FeeRecipient,
 		GasLimit:     fmt.Sprintf("%d", r.GasLimit),
@@ -45,29 +61,71 @@ func (r *ValidatorRegistration) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	})
 }

+func (r *ValidatorRegistration) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
+	if r.ValidatorRegistrationV1 == nil {
+		r.ValidatorRegistrationV1 = &eth.ValidatorRegistrationV1{}
+	}
+	o := struct {
+		FeeRecipient hexutil.Bytes `json:"fee_recipient"`
+		GasLimit     string        `json:"gas_limit"`
+		Timestamp    string        `json:"timestamp"`
+		Pubkey       hexutil.Bytes `json:"pubkey"`
+	}{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &o); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	r.FeeRecipient = o.FeeRecipient
+	r.Pubkey = o.Pubkey
+	var err error
+	if r.GasLimit, err = strconv.ParseUint(o.GasLimit, 10, 64); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to parse gas limit")
+	}
+	if r.Timestamp, err = strconv.ParseUint(o.Timestamp, 10, 64); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to parse timestamp")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+var errInvalidUint256 = errors.New("invalid Uint256")
+var errDecodeUint256 = errors.New("unable to decode into Uint256")
+
 type Uint256 struct {
 	*big.Int
 }

-func stringToUint256(s string) Uint256 {
+func isValidUint256(bi *big.Int) bool {
+	return bi.Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) >= 0 && bi.BitLen() <= 256
+}
+
+func stringToUint256(s string) (Uint256, error) {
 	bi := new(big.Int)
-	bi.SetString(s, 10)
-	return Uint256{Int: bi}
+	_, ok := bi.SetString(s, 10)
+	if !ok || !isValidUint256(bi) {
+		return Uint256{}, errors.Wrapf(errDecodeUint256, "value=%s", s)
+	}
+	return Uint256{Int: bi}, nil
 }

 // sszBytesToUint256 creates a Uint256 from a ssz-style (little-endian byte slice) representation.
-func sszBytesToUint256(b []byte) Uint256 {
+func sszBytesToUint256(b []byte) (Uint256, error) {
 	bi := new(big.Int)
-	return Uint256{Int: bi.SetBytes(bytesutil.ReverseByteOrder(b))}
+	bi.SetBytes(bytesutil.ReverseByteOrder(b))
+	if !isValidUint256(bi) {
+		return Uint256{}, errors.Wrapf(errDecodeUint256, "value=%s", b)
+	}
+	return Uint256{Int: bi}, nil
 }

 // SSZBytes creates an ssz-style (little-endian byte slice) representation of the Uint256
 func (s Uint256) SSZBytes() []byte {
-	return bytesutil.ReverseByteOrder(s.Int.Bytes())
+	if !isValidUint256(s.Int) {
+		return []byte{}
+	}
+	return bytesutil.PadTo(bytesutil.ReverseByteOrder(s.Int.Bytes()), 32)
 }

-var errUnmarshalUint256Failed = errors.New("unable to UnmarshalText into a Uint256 value")
-
 func (s *Uint256) UnmarshalJSON(t []byte) error {
 	start := 0
 	end := len(t)
@@ -86,7 +144,10 @@ func (s *Uint256) UnmarshalText(t []byte) error {
 	}
 	z, ok := s.SetString(string(t), 10)
 	if !ok {
-		return errors.Wrapf(errUnmarshalUint256Failed, "value=%s", string(t))
+		return errors.Wrapf(errDecodeUint256, "value=%s", t)
+	}
+	if !isValidUint256(z) {
+		return errors.Wrapf(errDecodeUint256, "value=%s", t)
 	}
 	s.Int = z
 	return nil
@@ -103,6 +164,9 @@ func (s Uint256) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 }

 func (s Uint256) MarshalText() ([]byte, error) {
+	if !isValidUint256(s.Int) {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(errInvalidUint256, "value=%s", s.Int)
+	}
 	return []byte(s.String()), nil
 }

@@ -119,11 +183,11 @@ func (s Uint64String) MarshalText() ([]byte, error) {
 }

 type ExecHeaderResponse struct {
-	Version string `json:"version,omitempty"`
+	Version string `json:"version"`
 	Data    struct {
-		Signature hexutil.Bytes `json:"signature,omitempty"`
-		Message   *BuilderBid   `json:"message,omitempty"`
-	} `json:"data,omitempty"`
+		Signature hexutil.Bytes `json:"signature"`
+		Message   *BuilderBid   `json:"message"`
+	} `json:"data"`
 }

 func (ehr *ExecHeaderResponse) ToProto() (*eth.SignedBuilderBid, error) {
@@ -149,8 +213,8 @@ func (bb *BuilderBid) ToProto() (*eth.BuilderBid, error) {
 	}, nil
 }

-func (h *ExecutionPayloadHeader) ToProto() (*eth.ExecutionPayloadHeader, error) {
-	return &eth.ExecutionPayloadHeader{
+func (h *ExecutionPayloadHeader) ToProto() (*v1.ExecutionPayloadHeader, error) {
+	return &v1.ExecutionPayloadHeader{
 		ParentHash:       h.ParentHash,
 		FeeRecipient:     h.FeeRecipient,
 		StateRoot:        h.StateRoot,
@@ -169,31 +233,35 @@ func (h *ExecutionPayloadHeader) ToProto() (*eth.ExecutionPayloadHeader, error)
 }

 type BuilderBid struct {
-	Header *ExecutionPayloadHeader `json:"header,omitempty"`
-	Value  Uint256                 `json:"value,omitempty"`
-	Pubkey hexutil.Bytes           `json:"pubkey,omitempty"`
+	Header *ExecutionPayloadHeader `json:"header"`
+	Value  Uint256                 `json:"value"`
+	Pubkey hexutil.Bytes           `json:"pubkey"`
 }

 type ExecutionPayloadHeader struct {
-	ParentHash       hexutil.Bytes `json:"parent_hash,omitempty"`
-	FeeRecipient     hexutil.Bytes `json:"fee_recipient,omitempty"`
-	StateRoot        hexutil.Bytes `json:"state_root,omitempty"`
-	ReceiptsRoot     hexutil.Bytes `json:"receipts_root,omitempty"`
-	LogsBloom        hexutil.Bytes `json:"logs_bloom,omitempty"`
-	PrevRandao       hexutil.Bytes `json:"prev_randao,omitempty"`
-	BlockNumber      Uint64String  `json:"block_number,omitempty"`
-	GasLimit         Uint64String  `json:"gas_limit,omitempty"`
-	GasUsed          Uint64String  `json:"gas_used,omitempty"`
-	Timestamp        Uint64String  `json:"timestamp,omitempty"`
-	ExtraData        hexutil.Bytes `json:"extra_data,omitempty"`
-	BaseFeePerGas    Uint256       `json:"base_fee_per_gas,omitempty"`
-	BlockHash        hexutil.Bytes `json:"block_hash,omitempty"`
-	TransactionsRoot hexutil.Bytes `json:"transactions_root,omitempty"`
-	*eth.ExecutionPayloadHeader
+	ParentHash       hexutil.Bytes `json:"parent_hash"`
+	FeeRecipient     hexutil.Bytes `json:"fee_recipient"`
+	StateRoot        hexutil.Bytes `json:"state_root"`
+	ReceiptsRoot     hexutil.Bytes `json:"receipts_root"`
+	LogsBloom        hexutil.Bytes `json:"logs_bloom"`
+	PrevRandao       hexutil.Bytes `json:"prev_randao"`
+	BlockNumber      Uint64String  `json:"block_number"`
+	GasLimit         Uint64String  `json:"gas_limit"`
+	GasUsed          Uint64String  `json:"gas_used"`
+	Timestamp        Uint64String  `json:"timestamp"`
+	ExtraData        hexutil.Bytes `json:"extra_data"`
+	BaseFeePerGas    Uint256       `json:"base_fee_per_gas"`
+	BlockHash        hexutil.Bytes `json:"block_hash"`
+	TransactionsRoot hexutil.Bytes `json:"transactions_root"`
+	*v1.ExecutionPayloadHeader
 }

 func (h *ExecutionPayloadHeader) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	type MarshalCaller ExecutionPayloadHeader
+	baseFeePerGas, err := sszBytesToUint256(h.ExecutionPayloadHeader.BaseFeePerGas)
+	if err != nil {
+		return []byte{}, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid BaseFeePerGas")
+	}
 	return json.Marshal(&MarshalCaller{
 		ParentHash:       h.ExecutionPayloadHeader.ParentHash,
 		FeeRecipient:     h.ExecutionPayloadHeader.FeeRecipient,
@@ -206,7 +274,7 @@ func (h *ExecutionPayloadHeader) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 		GasUsed:          Uint64String(h.ExecutionPayloadHeader.GasUsed),
 		Timestamp:        Uint64String(h.ExecutionPayloadHeader.Timestamp),
 		ExtraData:        h.ExecutionPayloadHeader.ExtraData,
-		BaseFeePerGas:    sszBytesToUint256(h.ExecutionPayloadHeader.BaseFeePerGas),
+		BaseFeePerGas:    baseFeePerGas,
 		BlockHash:        h.ExecutionPayloadHeader.BlockHash,
 		TransactionsRoot: h.ExecutionPayloadHeader.TransactionsRoot,
 	})
@@ -226,25 +294,25 @@ func (h *ExecutionPayloadHeader) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
 }

 type ExecPayloadResponse struct {
-	Version string           `json:"version,omitempty"`
-	Data    ExecutionPayload `json:"data,omitempty"`
+	Version string           `json:"version"`
+	Data    ExecutionPayload `json:"data"`
 }

 type ExecutionPayload struct {
-	ParentHash    hexutil.Bytes   `json:"parent_hash,omitempty"`
-	FeeRecipient  hexutil.Bytes   `json:"fee_recipient,omitempty"`
-	StateRoot     hexutil.Bytes   `json:"state_root,omitempty"`
-	ReceiptsRoot  hexutil.Bytes   `json:"receipts_root,omitempty"`
-	LogsBloom     hexutil.Bytes   `json:"logs_bloom,omitempty"`
-	PrevRandao    hexutil.Bytes   `json:"prev_randao,omitempty"`
-	BlockNumber   Uint64String    `json:"block_number,omitempty"`
-	GasLimit      Uint64String    `json:"gas_limit,omitempty"`
-	GasUsed       Uint64String    `json:"gas_used,omitempty"`
-	Timestamp     Uint64String    `json:"timestamp,omitempty"`
-	ExtraData     hexutil.Bytes   `json:"extra_data,omitempty"`
-	BaseFeePerGas Uint256         `json:"base_fee_per_gas,omitempty"`
-	BlockHash     hexutil.Bytes   `json:"block_hash,omitempty"`
-	Transactions  []hexutil.Bytes `json:"transactions,omitempty"`
+	ParentHash    hexutil.Bytes   `json:"parent_hash"`
+	FeeRecipient  hexutil.Bytes   `json:"fee_recipient"`
+	StateRoot     hexutil.Bytes   `json:"state_root"`
+	ReceiptsRoot  hexutil.Bytes   `json:"receipts_root"`
+	LogsBloom     hexutil.Bytes   `json:"logs_bloom"`
+	PrevRandao    hexutil.Bytes   `json:"prev_randao"`
+	BlockNumber   Uint64String    `json:"block_number"`
+	GasLimit      Uint64String    `json:"gas_limit"`
+	GasUsed       Uint64String    `json:"gas_used"`
+	Timestamp     Uint64String    `json:"timestamp"`
+	ExtraData     hexutil.Bytes   `json:"extra_data"`
+	BaseFeePerGas Uint256         `json:"base_fee_per_gas"`
+	BlockHash     hexutil.Bytes   `json:"block_hash"`
+	Transactions  []hexutil.Bytes `json:"transactions"`
 }

 func (r *ExecPayloadResponse) ToProto() (*v1.ExecutionPayload, error) {
@@ -288,8 +356,8 @@ type BlindedBeaconBlockBodyBellatrix struct {

 func (r *SignedBlindedBeaconBlockBellatrix) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		Message   *BlindedBeaconBlockBellatrix `json:"message,omitempty"`
-		Signature hexutil.Bytes                `json:"signature,omitempty"`
+		Message   *BlindedBeaconBlockBellatrix `json:"message"`
+		Signature hexutil.Bytes                `json:"signature"`
 	}{
 		Message:   &BlindedBeaconBlockBellatrix{r.SignedBlindedBeaconBlockBellatrix.Block},
 		Signature: r.SignedBlindedBeaconBlockBellatrix.Signature,
@@ -299,10 +367,10 @@ func (r *SignedBlindedBeaconBlockBellatrix) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 func (b *BlindedBeaconBlockBellatrix) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
 		Slot          string                           `json:"slot"`
-		ProposerIndex string                           `json:"proposer_index,omitempty"`
-		ParentRoot    hexutil.Bytes                    `json:"parent_root,omitempty"`
-		StateRoot     hexutil.Bytes                    `json:"state_root,omitempty"`
-		Body          *BlindedBeaconBlockBodyBellatrix `json:"body,omitempty"`
+		ProposerIndex string                           `json:"proposer_index"`
+		ParentRoot    hexutil.Bytes                    `json:"parent_root"`
+		StateRoot     hexutil.Bytes                    `json:"state_root"`
+		Body          *BlindedBeaconBlockBodyBellatrix `json:"body"`
 	}{
 		Slot:          fmt.Sprintf("%d", b.Slot),
 		ProposerIndex: fmt.Sprintf("%d", b.ProposerIndex),
@@ -318,8 +386,8 @@ type ProposerSlashing struct {

 func (s *ProposerSlashing) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		SignedHeader1 *SignedBeaconBlockHeader `json:"signed_header_1,omitempty"`
-		SignedHeader2 *SignedBeaconBlockHeader `json:"signed_header_2,omitempty"`
+		SignedHeader1 *SignedBeaconBlockHeader `json:"signed_header_1"`
+		SignedHeader2 *SignedBeaconBlockHeader `json:"signed_header_2"`
 	}{
 		SignedHeader1: &SignedBeaconBlockHeader{s.ProposerSlashing.Header_1},
 		SignedHeader2: &SignedBeaconBlockHeader{s.ProposerSlashing.Header_2},
@@ -332,8 +400,8 @@ type SignedBeaconBlockHeader struct {

 func (h *SignedBeaconBlockHeader) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		Header    *BeaconBlockHeader `json:"message,omitempty"`
-		Signature hexutil.Bytes      `json:"signature,omitempty"`
+		Header    *BeaconBlockHeader `json:"message"`
+		Signature hexutil.Bytes      `json:"signature"`
 	}{
 		Header:    &BeaconBlockHeader{h.SignedBeaconBlockHeader.Header},
 		Signature: h.SignedBeaconBlockHeader.Signature,
@@ -346,11 +414,11 @@ type BeaconBlockHeader struct {

 func (h *BeaconBlockHeader) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		Slot          string        `json:"slot,omitempty"`
-		ProposerIndex string        `json:"proposer_index,omitempty"`
-		ParentRoot    hexutil.Bytes `json:"parent_root,omitempty"`
-		StateRoot     hexutil.Bytes `json:"state_root,omitempty"`
-		BodyRoot      hexutil.Bytes `json:"body_root,omitempty"`
+		Slot          string        `json:"slot"`
+		ProposerIndex string        `json:"proposer_index"`
+		ParentRoot    hexutil.Bytes `json:"parent_root"`
+		StateRoot     hexutil.Bytes `json:"state_root"`
+		BodyRoot      hexutil.Bytes `json:"body_root"`
 	}{
 		Slot:          fmt.Sprintf("%d", h.BeaconBlockHeader.Slot),
 		ProposerIndex: fmt.Sprintf("%d", h.BeaconBlockHeader.ProposerIndex),
@@ -370,9 +438,9 @@ func (a *IndexedAttestation) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 		indices[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%d", a.AttestingIndices[i])
 	}
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		AttestingIndices []string         `json:"attesting_indices,omitempty"`
-		Data             *AttestationData `json:"data,omitempty"`
-		Signature        hexutil.Bytes    `json:"signature,omitempty"`
+		AttestingIndices []string         `json:"attesting_indices"`
+		Data             *AttestationData `json:"data"`
+		Signature        hexutil.Bytes    `json:"signature"`
 	}{
 		AttestingIndices: indices,
 		Data:             &AttestationData{a.IndexedAttestation.Data},
@@ -386,8 +454,8 @@ type AttesterSlashing struct {

 func (s *AttesterSlashing) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		Attestation1 *IndexedAttestation `json:"attestation_1,omitempty"`
-		Attestation2 *IndexedAttestation `json:"attestation_2,omitempty"`
+		Attestation1 *IndexedAttestation `json:"attestation_1"`
+		Attestation2 *IndexedAttestation `json:"attestation_2"`
 	}{
 		Attestation1: &IndexedAttestation{s.Attestation_1},
 		Attestation2: &IndexedAttestation{s.Attestation_2},
@@ -400,8 +468,8 @@ type Checkpoint struct {

 func (c *Checkpoint) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		Epoch string        `json:"epoch,omitempty"`
-		Root  hexutil.Bytes `json:"root,omitempty"`
+		Epoch string        `json:"epoch"`
+		Root  hexutil.Bytes `json:"root"`
 	}{
 		Epoch: fmt.Sprintf("%d", c.Checkpoint.Epoch),
 		Root:  c.Checkpoint.Root,
@@ -414,11 +482,11 @@ type AttestationData struct {

 func (a *AttestationData) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		Slot            string        `json:"slot,omitempty"`
-		Index           string        `json:"index,omitempty"`
-		BeaconBlockRoot hexutil.Bytes `json:"beacon_block_root,omitempty"`
-		Source          *Checkpoint   `json:"source,omitempty"`
-		Target          *Checkpoint   `json:"target,omitempty"`
+		Slot            string        `json:"slot"`
+		Index           string        `json:"index"`
+		BeaconBlockRoot hexutil.Bytes `json:"beacon_block_root"`
+		Source          *Checkpoint   `json:"source"`
+		Target          *Checkpoint   `json:"target"`
 	}{
 		Slot:            fmt.Sprintf("%d", a.AttestationData.Slot),
 		Index:           fmt.Sprintf("%d", a.AttestationData.CommitteeIndex),
@@ -434,9 +502,9 @@ type Attestation struct {

 func (a *Attestation) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		AggregationBits hexutil.Bytes    `json:"aggregation_bits,omitempty"`
-		Data            *AttestationData `json:"data,omitempty"`
-		Signature       hexutil.Bytes    `json:"signature,omitempty" ssz-size:"96"`
+		AggregationBits hexutil.Bytes    `json:"aggregation_bits"`
+		Data            *AttestationData `json:"data"`
+		Signature       hexutil.Bytes    `json:"signature" ssz-size:"96"`
 	}{
 		AggregationBits: hexutil.Bytes(a.Attestation.AggregationBits),
 		Data:            &AttestationData{a.Attestation.Data},
@@ -450,10 +518,10 @@ type DepositData struct {

 func (d *DepositData) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		PublicKey             hexutil.Bytes `json:"pubkey,omitempty"`
-		WithdrawalCredentials hexutil.Bytes `json:"withdrawal_credentials,omitempty"`
-		Amount                string        `json:"amount,omitempty"`
-		Signature             hexutil.Bytes `json:"signature,omitempty"`
+		PublicKey             hexutil.Bytes `json:"pubkey"`
+		WithdrawalCredentials hexutil.Bytes `json:"withdrawal_credentials"`
+		Amount                string        `json:"amount"`
+		Signature             hexutil.Bytes `json:"signature"`
 	}{
 		PublicKey:             d.PublicKey,
 		WithdrawalCredentials: d.WithdrawalCredentials,
@@ -486,8 +554,8 @@ type SignedVoluntaryExit struct {

 func (sve *SignedVoluntaryExit) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		Message   *VoluntaryExit `json:"message,omitempty"`
-		Signature hexutil.Bytes  `json:"signature,omitempty"`
+		Message   *VoluntaryExit `json:"message"`
+		Signature hexutil.Bytes  `json:"signature"`
 	}{
 		Signature: sve.SignedVoluntaryExit.Signature,
 		Message:   &VoluntaryExit{sve.SignedVoluntaryExit.Exit},
@@ -500,8 +568,8 @@ type VoluntaryExit struct {

 func (ve *VoluntaryExit) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		Epoch          string `json:"epoch,omitempty"`
-		ValidatorIndex string `json:"validator_index,omitempty"`
+		Epoch          string `json:"epoch"`
+		ValidatorIndex string `json:"validator_index"`
 	}{
 		Epoch:          fmt.Sprintf("%d", ve.Epoch),
 		ValidatorIndex: fmt.Sprintf("%d", ve.ValidatorIndex),
@@ -514,8 +582,8 @@ type SyncAggregate struct {

 func (s *SyncAggregate) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		SyncCommitteeBits      hexutil.Bytes `json:"sync_committee_bits,omitempty"`
-		SyncCommitteeSignature hexutil.Bytes `json:"sync_committee_signature,omitempty"`
+		SyncCommitteeBits      hexutil.Bytes `json:"sync_committee_bits"`
+		SyncCommitteeSignature hexutil.Bytes `json:"sync_committee_signature"`
 	}{
 		SyncCommitteeBits:      hexutil.Bytes(s.SyncAggregate.SyncCommitteeBits),
 		SyncCommitteeSignature: s.SyncAggregate.SyncCommitteeSignature,
@@ -528,9 +596,9 @@ type Eth1Data struct {

 func (e *Eth1Data) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		DepositRoot  hexutil.Bytes `json:"deposit_root,omitempty"`
-		DepositCount string        `json:"deposit_count,omitempty"`
-		BlockHash    hexutil.Bytes `json:"block_hash,omitempty"`
+		DepositRoot  hexutil.Bytes `json:"deposit_root"`
+		DepositCount string        `json:"deposit_count"`
+		BlockHash    hexutil.Bytes `json:"block_hash"`
 	}{
 		DepositRoot:  e.DepositRoot,
 		DepositCount: fmt.Sprintf("%d", e.DepositCount),
@@ -560,16 +628,16 @@ func (b *BlindedBeaconBlockBodyBellatrix) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 		pros[i] = &ProposerSlashing{ProposerSlashing: b.BlindedBeaconBlockBodyBellatrix.ProposerSlashings[i]}
 	}
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		RandaoReveal           hexutil.Bytes           `json:"randao_reveal,omitempty"`
-		Eth1Data               *Eth1Data               `json:"eth1_data,omitempty"`
-		Graffiti               hexutil.Bytes           `json:"graffiti,omitempty"`
-		ProposerSlashings      []*ProposerSlashing     `json:"proposer_slashings,omitempty"`
-		AttesterSlashings      []*AttesterSlashing     `json:"attester_slashings,omitempty"`
-		Attestations           []*Attestation          `json:"attestations,omitempty"`
-		Deposits               []*Deposit              `json:"deposits,omitempty"`
-		VoluntaryExits         []*SignedVoluntaryExit  `json:"voluntary_exits,omitempty"`
-		SyncAggregate          *SyncAggregate          `json:"sync_aggregate,omitempty"`
-		ExecutionPayloadHeader *ExecutionPayloadHeader `json:"execution_payload_header,omitempty"`
+		RandaoReveal           hexutil.Bytes           `json:"randao_reveal"`
+		Eth1Data               *Eth1Data               `json:"eth1_data"`
+		Graffiti               hexutil.Bytes           `json:"graffiti"`
+		ProposerSlashings      []*ProposerSlashing     `json:"proposer_slashings"`
+		AttesterSlashings      []*AttesterSlashing     `json:"attester_slashings"`
+		Attestations           []*Attestation          `json:"attestations"`
+		Deposits               []*Deposit              `json:"deposits"`
+		VoluntaryExits         []*SignedVoluntaryExit  `json:"voluntary_exits"`
+		SyncAggregate          *SyncAggregate          `json:"sync_aggregate"`
+		ExecutionPayloadHeader *ExecutionPayloadHeader `json:"execution_payload_header"`
 	}{
 		RandaoReveal:           b.RandaoReveal,
 		Eth1Data:               &Eth1Data{b.BlindedBeaconBlockBodyBellatrix.Eth1Data},
@@ -583,3 +651,9 @@ func (b *BlindedBeaconBlockBodyBellatrix) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 		ExecutionPayloadHeader: &ExecutionPayloadHeader{ExecutionPayloadHeader: b.BlindedBeaconBlockBodyBellatrix.ExecutionPayloadHeader},
 	})
 }
+
+type ErrorMessage struct {
+	Code        int      `json:"code"`
+	Message     string   `json:"message"`
+	Stacktraces []string `json:"stacktraces,omitempty"`
+}
--- a/api/client/builder/types_test.go
+++ b/api/client/builder/types_test.go
@@ -4,15 +4,19 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"math/big"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
 	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/go-bitfield"
-	v1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/engine/v1"
-	eth "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
+	v1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/engine/v1"
+	eth "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
 )

 func ezDecode(t *testing.T, s string) []byte {
@@ -31,7 +35,8 @@ func TestSignedValidatorRegistration_MarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		Signature: make([]byte, 96),
 	}
-	je, err := json.Marshal(&SignedValidatorRegistration{SignedValidatorRegistrationV1: svr})
+	a := &SignedValidatorRegistration{SignedValidatorRegistrationV1: svr}
+	je, err := json.Marshal(a)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	// decode with a struct w/ plain strings so we can check the string encoding of the hex fields
 	un := struct {
@@ -45,6 +50,14 @@ func TestSignedValidatorRegistration_MarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", un.Signature)
 	require.Equal(t, "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000", un.Message.FeeRecipient)
 	require.Equal(t, "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", un.Message.Pubkey)
+
+	t.Run("roundtrip", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := &SignedValidatorRegistration{}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(je, b); err != nil {
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		}
+		require.Equal(t, proto.Equal(a.SignedValidatorRegistrationV1, b.SignedValidatorRegistrationV1), true)
+	})
 }

 var testExampleHeaderResponse = `{
@@ -174,8 +187,10 @@ func TestExecutionHeaderResponseUnmarshal(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestExecutionHeaderResponseToProto(t *testing.T) {
-	bfpg := stringToUint256("452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656")
-	v := stringToUint256("652312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656")
+	bfpg, err := stringToUint256("452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	v, err := stringToUint256("652312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	hr := &ExecHeaderResponse{}
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(testExampleHeaderResponse), hr))
 	p, err := hr.ToProto()
@@ -205,7 +220,7 @@ func TestExecutionHeaderResponseToProto(t *testing.T) {

 	expected := &eth.SignedBuilderBid{
 		Message: &eth.BuilderBid{
-			Header: &eth.ExecutionPayloadHeader{
+			Header: &v1.ExecutionPayloadHeader{
 				ParentHash:       parentHash,
 				FeeRecipient:     feeRecipient,
 				StateRoot:        stateRoot,
@@ -360,7 +375,8 @@ func TestExecutionPayloadResponseToProto(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	txList := [][]byte{tx}

-	bfpg := stringToUint256("452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656")
+	bfpg, err := stringToUint256("452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	expected := &v1.ExecutionPayload{
 		ParentHash:    parentHash,
 		FeeRecipient:  feeRecipient,
@@ -567,9 +583,10 @@ func TestProposerSlashings(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, expected, string(b))
 }

-func pbExecutionPayloadHeader(t *testing.T) *eth.ExecutionPayloadHeader {
-	bfpg := stringToUint256("452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656")
-	return &eth.ExecutionPayloadHeader{
+func pbExecutionPayloadHeader(t *testing.T) *v1.ExecutionPayloadHeader {
+	bfpg, err := stringToUint256("452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return &v1.ExecutionPayloadHeader{
 		ParentHash:       ezDecode(t, "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2"),
 		FeeRecipient:     ezDecode(t, "0xabcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc09"),
 		StateRoot:        ezDecode(t, "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2"),
@@ -648,6 +665,49 @@ func TestMathBigUnmarshal(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, u256.UnmarshalText([]byte("452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656")))
 }

+func TestIsValidUint256(t *testing.T) {
+	value, ok := new(big.Int), false
+
+	// negative uint256.max - 1
+	_, ok = value.SetString("-10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", 16)
+	require.Equal(t, true, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, 257, value.BitLen())
+	require.Equal(t, false, isValidUint256(value))
+
+	// negative uint256.max
+	_, ok = value.SetString("-ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff", 16)
+	require.Equal(t, true, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, 256, value.BitLen())
+	require.Equal(t, false, isValidUint256(value))
+
+	// negative number
+	_, ok = value.SetString("-1", 16)
+	require.Equal(t, true, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, false, isValidUint256(value))
+
+	// uint256.min
+	_, ok = value.SetString("0", 16)
+	require.Equal(t, true, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, true, isValidUint256(value))
+
+	// positive number
+	_, ok = value.SetString("1", 16)
+	require.Equal(t, true, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, true, isValidUint256(value))
+
+	// uint256.max
+	_, ok = value.SetString("ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff", 16)
+	require.Equal(t, true, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, 256, value.BitLen())
+	require.Equal(t, true, isValidUint256(value))
+
+	// uint256.max + 1
+	_, ok = value.SetString("10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", 16)
+	require.Equal(t, true, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, 257, value.BitLen())
+	require.Equal(t, false, isValidUint256(value))
+}
+
 func TestUint256Unmarshal(t *testing.T) {
 	base10 := "452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656"
 	bi := new(big.Int)
@@ -664,6 +724,36 @@ func TestUint256Unmarshal(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, expected, string(m))
 }

+func TestUint256UnmarshalNegative(t *testing.T) {
+	m := "-1"
+	var value Uint256
+	err := value.UnmarshalText([]byte(m))
+	require.ErrorContains(t, "unable to decode into Uint256", err)
+}
+
+func TestUint256UnmarshalMin(t *testing.T) {
+	m := "0"
+	var value Uint256
+	err := value.UnmarshalText([]byte(m))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestUint256UnmarshalMax(t *testing.T) {
+	// 2**256-1 (uint256.max)
+	m := "115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639935"
+	var value Uint256
+	err := value.UnmarshalText([]byte(m))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestUint256UnmarshalTooBig(t *testing.T) {
+	// 2**256 (one more than uint256.max)
+	m := "115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639936"
+	var value Uint256
+	err := value.UnmarshalText([]byte(m))
+	require.ErrorContains(t, "unable to decode into Uint256", err)
+}
+
 func TestMarshalBlindedBeaconBlockBodyBellatrix(t *testing.T) {
 	expected, err := os.ReadFile("testdata/blinded-block.json")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -694,10 +784,13 @@ func TestMarshalBlindedBeaconBlockBodyBellatrix(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestRoundTripUint256(t *testing.T) {
-	vs := "452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656"
-	u := stringToUint256(vs)
+	vs := "4523128485832663883733241601901871400518358776001584532791311875309106626"
+	u, err := stringToUint256(vs)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	sb := u.SSZBytes()
-	uu := sszBytesToUint256(sb)
+	require.Equal(t, 32, len(sb))
+	uu, err := sszBytesToUint256(sb)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, true, bytes.Equal(u.SSZBytes(), uu.SSZBytes()))
 	require.Equal(t, vs, uu.String())
 }
@@ -724,3 +817,92 @@ func TestExecutionPayloadHeaderRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.DeepEqual(t, string(expected[0:len(expected)-1]), string(m))
 }
+
+func TestErrorMessage_non200Err(t *testing.T) {
+	mockRequest := &http.Request{
+		URL: &url.URL{Path: "example.com"},
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		args        *http.Response
+		wantMessage string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "204",
+			args: func() *http.Response {
+				message := ErrorMessage{
+					Code:    204,
+					Message: "No header is available",
+				}
+				r, err := json.Marshal(message)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				return &http.Response{
+					Request:    mockRequest,
+					StatusCode: 204,
+					Body:       io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(r)),
+				}
+			}(),
+			wantMessage: "No header is available",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "400",
+			args: func() *http.Response {
+				message := ErrorMessage{
+					Code:    400,
+					Message: "Unknown hash: missing parent hash",
+				}
+				r, err := json.Marshal(message)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				return &http.Response{
+					Request:    mockRequest,
+					StatusCode: 400,
+					Body:       io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(r)),
+				}
+			}(),
+			wantMessage: "Unknown hash: missing parent hash",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "500",
+			args: func() *http.Response {
+				message := ErrorMessage{
+					Code:    500,
+					Message: "Internal server error",
+				}
+				r, err := json.Marshal(message)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				return &http.Response{
+					Request:    mockRequest,
+					StatusCode: 500,
+					Body:       io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(r)),
+				}
+			}(),
+			wantMessage: "Internal server error",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "205",
+			args: func() *http.Response {
+				message := ErrorMessage{
+					Code:    205,
+					Message: "Reset Content",
+				}
+				r, err := json.Marshal(message)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				return &http.Response{
+					Request:    mockRequest,
+					StatusCode: 205,
+					Body:       io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(r)),
+				}
+			}(),
+			wantMessage: "did not receive 200 response from API",
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := non200Err(tt.args)
+			if err != nil && tt.wantMessage != "" {
+				require.ErrorContains(t, tt.wantMessage, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+}
--- a/api/gateway/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/api/gateway/BUILD.bazel
@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ go_library(
    srcs = [
        "gateway.go",
        "log.go",
+        "modifiers.go",
        "options.go",
    ],
-    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/api/gateway",
+    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/api/gateway",
    visibility = [
        "//beacon-chain:__subpackages__",
        "//validator:__subpackages__",
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ go_library(
        "@org_golang_google_grpc//:go_default_library",
        "@org_golang_google_grpc//connectivity:go_default_library",
        "@org_golang_google_grpc//credentials:go_default_library",
+        "@org_golang_google_protobuf//proto:go_default_library",
    ],
 )

--- a/api/gateway/apimiddleware/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/api/gateway/apimiddleware/BUILD.bazel
@@ -10,11 +10,12 @@ go_library(
        "process_request.go",
        "structs.go",
    ],
-    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/api/gateway/apimiddleware",
+    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/api/gateway/apimiddleware",
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
    deps = [
        "//api/grpc:go_default_library",
        "//encoding/bytesutil:go_default_library",
+        "@com_github_ethereum_go_ethereum//common:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_ethereum_go_ethereum//common/hexutil:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_gorilla_mux//:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_pkg_errors//:go_default_library",
--- a/api/gateway/apimiddleware/api_middleware.go
+++ b/api/gateway/apimiddleware/api_middleware.go
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ func (m *ApiProxyMiddleware) WithMiddleware(path string) http.HandlerFunc {
 			}
 		}

-		if req.Method == "DELETE" {
+		if req.Method == "DELETE" && req.Body != http.NoBody {
 			if errJson := handleDeleteRequestForEndpoint(endpoint, req); errJson != nil {
 				WriteError(w, errJson, nil)
 				return
--- a/api/gateway/apimiddleware/param_handling.go
+++ b/api/gateway/apimiddleware/param_handling.go
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
-	butil "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
+	butil "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
 	"github.com/wealdtech/go-bytesutil"
 )

--- a/api/gateway/apimiddleware/param_handling_test.go
+++ b/api/gateway/apimiddleware/param_handling_test.go
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/assert"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/assert"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
 )

 func TestHandleURLParameters(t *testing.T) {
--- a/api/gateway/apimiddleware/process_field.go
+++ b/api/gateway/apimiddleware/process_field.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/wealdtech/go-bytesutil"
@@ -31,26 +32,26 @@ func processField(s interface{}, processors []fieldProcessor) error {
 			sliceElem := t.Field(i).Type.Elem()
 			kind := sliceElem.Kind()
 			// Recursively process slices to struct pointers.
-			if kind == reflect.Ptr && sliceElem.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+			switch {
+			case kind == reflect.Ptr && sliceElem.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Struct:
 				for j := 0; j < v.Field(i).Len(); j++ {
 					if err := processField(v.Field(i).Index(j).Interface(), processors); err != nil {
 						return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not process field '%s'", t.Field(i).Name)
 					}
 				}
-			}
 			// Process each string in string slices.
-			if kind == reflect.String {
+			case kind == reflect.String:
 				for _, proc := range processors {
 					_, hasTag := t.Field(i).Tag.Lookup(proc.tag)
-					if hasTag {
-						for j := 0; j < v.Field(i).Len(); j++ {
-							if err := proc.f(v.Field(i).Index(j)); err != nil {
-								return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not process field '%s'", t.Field(i).Name)
-							}
+					if !hasTag {
+						continue
+					}
+					for j := 0; j < v.Field(i).Len(); j++ {
+						if err := proc.f(v.Field(i).Index(j)); err != nil {
+							return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not process field '%s'", t.Field(i).Name)
 						}
 					}
 				}
-
 			}
 		// Recursively process struct pointers.
 		case reflect.Ptr:
@@ -100,6 +101,20 @@ func base64ToHexProcessor(v reflect.Value) error {
 	return nil
 }

+func base64ToChecksumAddressProcessor(v reflect.Value) error {
+	if v.String() == "" {
+		// Empty hex values are represented as "0x".
+		v.SetString("0x")
+		return nil
+	}
+	b, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(v.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	v.SetString(common.BytesToAddress(b).Hex())
+	return nil
+}
+
 func base64ToUint256Processor(v reflect.Value) error {
 	if v.String() == "" {
 		return nil
--- a/api/gateway/apimiddleware/process_request.go
+++ b/api/gateway/apimiddleware/process_request.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/api/grpc"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/api/grpc"
 )

 // DeserializeRequestBodyIntoContainer deserializes the request's body into an endpoint-specific struct.
@@ -104,6 +104,8 @@ func ReadGrpcResponseBody(r io.Reader) ([]byte, ErrorJson) {
 }

 // HandleGrpcResponseError acts on an error that resulted from a grpc-gateway's response.
+// Whether there was an error is indicated by the bool return value. In case of an error,
+// there is no need to write to the response because it's taken care of by the function.
 func HandleGrpcResponseError(errJson ErrorJson, resp *http.Response, respBody []byte, w http.ResponseWriter) (bool, ErrorJson) {
 	responseHasError := false
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(respBody, errJson); err != nil {
@@ -149,6 +151,10 @@ func ProcessMiddlewareResponseFields(responseContainer interface{}) ErrorJson {
 			tag: "hex",
 			f:   base64ToHexProcessor,
 		},
+		{
+			tag: "address",
+			f:   base64ToChecksumAddressProcessor,
+		},
 		{
 			tag: "enum",
 			f:   enumToLowercaseProcessor,
--- a/api/gateway/apimiddleware/process_request_test.go
+++ b/api/gateway/apimiddleware/process_request_test.go
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/api/grpc"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/assert"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/api/grpc"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/assert"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 )

@@ -31,21 +31,25 @@ func defaultRequestContainer() *testRequestContainer {
 }

 type testResponseContainer struct {
-	TestString   string
-	TestHex      string `hex:"true"`
-	TestEmptyHex string `hex:"true"`
-	TestUint256  string `uint256:"true"`
-	TestEnum     string `enum:"true"`
-	TestTime     string `time:"true"`
+	TestString       string
+	TestHex          string `hex:"true"`
+	TestEmptyHex     string `hex:"true"`
+	TestAddress      string `address:"true"`
+	TestEmptyAddress string `address:"true"`
+	TestUint256      string `uint256:"true"`
+	TestEnum         string `enum:"true"`
+	TestTime         string `time:"true"`
 }

 func defaultResponseContainer() *testResponseContainer {
 	return &testResponseContainer{
-		TestString:   "test string",
-		TestHex:      "Zm9v", // base64 encoding of "foo"
-		TestEmptyHex: "",
-		TestEnum:     "Test Enum",
-		TestTime:     "2006-01-02T15:04:05Z",
+		TestString:       "test string",
+		TestHex:          "Zm9v", // base64 encoding of "foo"
+		TestEmptyHex:     "",
+		TestAddress:      "Zm9v",
+		TestEmptyAddress: "",
+		TestEnum:         "Test Enum",
+		TestTime:         "2006-01-02T15:04:05Z",

 		// base64 encoding of 4196 in little-endian
 		TestUint256: "ZBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=",
@@ -247,6 +251,8 @@ func TestProcessMiddlewareResponseFields(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Equal(t, true, errJson == nil)
 		assert.Equal(t, "0x666f6f", container.TestHex)
 		assert.Equal(t, "0x", container.TestEmptyHex)
+		assert.Equal(t, "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000666F6f", container.TestAddress)
+		assert.Equal(t, "0x", container.TestEmptyAddress)
 		assert.Equal(t, "4196", container.TestUint256)
 		assert.Equal(t, "test enum", container.TestEnum)
 		assert.Equal(t, "1136214245", container.TestTime)
@@ -292,7 +298,7 @@ func TestWriteMiddlewareResponseHeadersAndBody(t *testing.T) {
 		v, ok = writer.Header()["Content-Length"]
 		require.Equal(t, true, ok, "header not found")
 		require.Equal(t, 1, len(v), "wrong number of header values")
-		assert.Equal(t, "181", v[0])
+		assert.Equal(t, "224", v[0])
 		assert.Equal(t, 204, writer.Code)
 		assert.DeepEqual(t, responseJson, writer.Body.Bytes())
 	})
--- a/api/gateway/gateway.go
+++ b/api/gateway/gateway.go
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	gwruntime "github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/runtime"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/api/gateway/apimiddleware"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/runtime"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/api/gateway/apimiddleware"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/runtime"
 	"github.com/rs/cors"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/connectivity"
@@ -121,8 +121,9 @@ func (g *Gateway) Start() {
 	}

 	g.server = &http.Server{
-		Addr:    g.cfg.gatewayAddr,
-		Handler: corsMux,
+		Addr:              g.cfg.gatewayAddr,
+		Handler:           corsMux,
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: time.Second,
 	}

 	go func() {
--- a/api/gateway/gateway_test.go
+++ b/api/gateway/gateway_test.go
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/api/gateway/apimiddleware"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/cmd/beacon-chain/flags"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/assert"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/api/gateway/apimiddleware"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/cmd/beacon-chain/flags"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/assert"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
 	logTest "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
--- a/api/gateway/modifiers.go
+++ b/api/gateway/modifiers.go
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package gateway
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+
+	gwruntime "github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/runtime"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+)
+
+func HttpResponseModifier(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, _ proto.Message) error {
+	md, ok := gwruntime.ServerMetadataFromContext(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// set http status code
+	if vals := md.HeaderMD.Get("x-http-code"); len(vals) > 0 {
+		code, err := strconv.Atoi(vals[0])
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		// delete the headers to not expose any grpc-metadata in http response
+		delete(md.HeaderMD, "x-http-code")
+		delete(w.Header(), "Grpc-Metadata-X-Http-Code")
+		w.WriteHeader(code)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/api/gateway/options.go
+++ b/api/gateway/options.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	gwruntime "github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/runtime"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/api/gateway/apimiddleware"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/api/gateway/apimiddleware"
 )

 type Option func(g *Gateway) error
--- a/api/grpc/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/api/grpc/BUILD.bazel
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ go_library(
        "grpcutils.go",
        "parameters.go",
    ],
-    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/api/grpc",
+    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/api/grpc",
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
    deps = [
        "@com_github_sirupsen_logrus//:go_default_library",
--- a/api/grpc/grpcutils_test.go
+++ b/api/grpc/grpcutils_test.go
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/runtime"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/assert"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/assert"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
 	logTest "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
--- a/api/pagination/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/api/pagination/BUILD.bazel
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ load("@prysm//tools/go:def.bzl", "go_library", "go_test")
 go_library(
    name = "go_default_library",
    srcs = ["pagination.go"],
-    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/api/pagination",
+    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/api/pagination",
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
    deps = [
        "//config/params:go_default_library",
--- a/api/pagination/pagination.go
+++ b/api/pagination/pagination.go
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"

 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
 )

 // StartAndEndPage takes in the requested page token, wanted page size, total page size.
--- a/api/pagination/pagination_test.go
+++ b/api/pagination/pagination_test.go
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ package pagination_test
 import (
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/api/pagination"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/assert"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/api/pagination"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/assert"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
 )

 func TestStartAndEndPage(t *testing.T) {
--- a/async/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/async/BUILD.bazel
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ go_library(
        "multilock.go",
        "scatter.go",
    ],
-    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/async",
+    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/async",
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
    deps = ["@com_github_sirupsen_logrus//:go_default_library"],
 )
--- a/async/abool/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/async/abool/BUILD.bazel
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ load("@prysm//tools/go:def.bzl", "go_library", "go_test")
 go_library(
    name = "go_default_library",
    srcs = ["abool.go"],
-    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/async/abool",
+    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/async/abool",
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )

--- a/async/benchmark_test.go
+++ b/async/benchmark_test.go
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/async"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/async"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )

--- a/async/debounce_test.go
+++ b/async/debounce_test.go
@@ -3,20 +3,21 @@ package async_test
 import (
 	"context"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/async"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/assert"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/util"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/async"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/assert"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/util"
 )

 func TestDebounce_NoEvents(t *testing.T) {
 	eventsChan := make(chan interface{}, 100)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	interval := time.Second
-	timesHandled := 0
+	timesHandled := int32(0)
 	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
 	wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
@@ -26,21 +27,21 @@ func TestDebounce_NoEvents(t *testing.T) {
 	}()
 	go func() {
 		async.Debounce(ctx, interval, eventsChan, func(event interface{}) {
-			timesHandled++
+			atomic.AddInt32(&timesHandled, 1)
 		})
 		wg.Done()
 	}()
 	if util.WaitTimeout(wg, interval*2) {
 		t.Fatalf("Test should have exited by now, timed out")
 	}
-	assert.Equal(t, 0, timesHandled, "Wrong number of handled calls")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(0), atomic.LoadInt32(&timesHandled), "Wrong number of handled calls")
 }

 func TestDebounce_CtxClosing(t *testing.T) {
 	eventsChan := make(chan interface{}, 100)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	interval := time.Second
-	timesHandled := 0
+	timesHandled := int32(0)
 	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
 	wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
@@ -62,23 +63,23 @@ func TestDebounce_CtxClosing(t *testing.T) {
 	}()
 	go func() {
 		async.Debounce(ctx, interval, eventsChan, func(event interface{}) {
-			timesHandled++
+			atomic.AddInt32(&timesHandled, 1)
 		})
 		wg.Done()
 	}()
 	if util.WaitTimeout(wg, interval*2) {
 		t.Fatalf("Test should have exited by now, timed out")
 	}
-	assert.Equal(t, 0, timesHandled, "Wrong number of handled calls")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(0), atomic.LoadInt32(&timesHandled), "Wrong number of handled calls")
 }

 func TestDebounce_SingleHandlerInvocation(t *testing.T) {
 	eventsChan := make(chan interface{}, 100)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	interval := time.Second
-	timesHandled := 0
+	timesHandled := int32(0)
 	go async.Debounce(ctx, interval, eventsChan, func(event interface{}) {
-		timesHandled++
+		atomic.AddInt32(&timesHandled, 1)
 	})
 	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
 		eventsChan <- struct{}{}
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ func TestDebounce_SingleHandlerInvocation(t *testing.T) {
 	// We should expect 100 rapid fire changes to only have caused
 	// 1 handler to trigger after the debouncing period.
 	time.Sleep(interval * 2)
-	assert.Equal(t, 1, timesHandled, "Wrong number of handled calls")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), atomic.LoadInt32(&timesHandled), "Wrong number of handled calls")
 	cancel()
 }

@@ -94,23 +95,23 @@ func TestDebounce_MultipleHandlerInvocation(t *testing.T) {
 	eventsChan := make(chan interface{}, 100)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	interval := time.Second
-	timesHandled := 0
+	timesHandled := int32(0)
 	go async.Debounce(ctx, interval, eventsChan, func(event interface{}) {
-		timesHandled++
+		atomic.AddInt32(&timesHandled, 1)
 	})
 	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
 		eventsChan <- struct{}{}
 	}
-	require.Equal(t, 0, timesHandled, "Events must prevent from handler execution")
+	require.Equal(t, int32(0), atomic.LoadInt32(&timesHandled), "Events must prevent from handler execution")

 	// By this time the first event should be triggered.
 	time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
-	assert.Equal(t, 1, timesHandled, "Wrong number of handled calls")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), atomic.LoadInt32(&timesHandled), "Wrong number of handled calls")

 	// Second event.
 	eventsChan <- struct{}{}
 	time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
-	assert.Equal(t, 2, timesHandled, "Wrong number of handled calls")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(2), atomic.LoadInt32(&timesHandled), "Wrong number of handled calls")

 	cancel()
 }
--- a/async/event/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/async/event/BUILD.bazel
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ go_library(
        "feed.go",
        "subscription.go",
    ],
-    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/async/event",
+    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/async/event",
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
    deps = ["//time/mclock:go_default_library"],
 )
--- a/async/event/example_feed_test.go
+++ b/async/event/example_feed_test.go
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ package event_test
 import (
 	"fmt"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/async/event"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/async/event"
 )

 func ExampleFeed_acknowledgedEvents() {
--- a/async/event/example_scope_test.go
+++ b/async/event/example_scope_test.go
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"sync"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/async/event"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/async/event"
 )

 // This example demonstrates how SubscriptionScope can be used to control the lifetime of
--- a/async/event/example_subscription_test.go
+++ b/async/event/example_subscription_test.go
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ package event_test
 import (
 	"fmt"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/async/event"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/async/event"
 )

 func ExampleNewSubscription() {
--- a/async/event/feed_test.go
+++ b/async/event/feed_test.go
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/assert"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/assert"
 )

 func TestFeedPanics(t *testing.T) {
--- a/async/event/subscription.go
+++ b/async/event/subscription.go
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/mclock"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/mclock"
 )

 // waitQuotient is divided against the max backoff time, in order to have N requests based on the full
--- a/async/event/subscription_test.go
+++ b/async/event/subscription_test.go
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
 )

 var errInts = errors.New("error in subscribeInts")
--- a/async/every_test.go
+++ b/async/every_test.go
@@ -2,24 +2,25 @@ package async_test

 import (
 	"context"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/async"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/async"
 )

 func TestEveryRuns(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())

-	i := 0
+	i := int32(0)
 	async.RunEvery(ctx, 100*time.Millisecond, func() {
-		i++
+		atomic.AddInt32(&i, 1)
 	})

 	// Sleep for a bit and ensure the value has increased.
 	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)

-	if i == 0 {
+	if atomic.LoadInt32(&i) == 0 {
 		t.Error("Counter failed to increment with ticker")
 	}

@@ -28,12 +29,12 @@ func TestEveryRuns(t *testing.T) {
 	// Sleep for a bit to let the cancel take place.
 	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)

-	last := i
+	last := atomic.LoadInt32(&i)

 	// Sleep for a bit and ensure the value has not increased.
 	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)

-	if i != last {
+	if atomic.LoadInt32(&i) != last {
 		t.Error("Counter incremented after stop")
 	}
 }
--- a/async/multilock.go
+++ b/async/multilock.go
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ Copyright 2017 Albert Tedja
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 You may obtain a copy of the License at
-    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ func (lk *Lock) Lock() {
 	lk.unlock <- 1
 }

-// Unlocks this lock. Must be called after Lock.
+// Unlock unlocks this lock. Must be called after Lock.
 // Can only be invoked if there is a previous call to Lock.
 func (lk *Lock) Unlock() {
 	<-lk.unlock
@@ -65,14 +67,14 @@ func (lk *Lock) Unlock() {
 	<-lk.lock
 }

-// Temporarily unlocks, gives up the cpu time to other goroutine, and attempts to lock again.
+// Yield temporarily unlocks, gives up the cpu time to other goroutine, and attempts to lock again.
 func (lk *Lock) Yield() {
 	lk.Unlock()
 	runtime.Gosched()
 	lk.Lock()
 }

-// Creates a new multilock for the specified keys
+// NewMultilock creates a new multilock for the specified keys
 func NewMultilock(locks ...string) *Lock {
 	if len(locks) == 0 {
 		return nil
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ func NewMultilock(locks ...string) *Lock {
 	}
 }

-// Cleans old unused locks. Returns removed keys.
+// Clean cleans old unused locks. Returns removed keys.
 func Clean() []string {
 	locks.lock <- 1
 	defer func() { <-locks.lock }()
--- a/async/multilock_test.go
+++ b/async/multilock_test.go
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ Copyright 2017 Albert Tedja
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 You may obtain a copy of the License at
-    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
@@ -22,22 +24,22 @@ import (

 func TestUnique(t *testing.T) {
 	var arr []string
-	assert := assert.New(t)
+	a := assert.New(t)

 	arr = []string{"a", "b", "c"}
-	assert.Equal(arr, unique(arr))
+	a.Equal(arr, unique(arr))

 	arr = []string{"a", "a", "a"}
-	assert.Equal([]string{"a"}, unique(arr))
+	a.Equal([]string{"a"}, unique(arr))

 	arr = []string{"a", "a", "b"}
-	assert.Equal([]string{"a", "b"}, unique(arr))
+	a.Equal([]string{"a", "b"}, unique(arr))

 	arr = []string{"a", "b", "a"}
-	assert.Equal([]string{"a", "b"}, unique(arr))
+	a.Equal([]string{"a", "b"}, unique(arr))

 	arr = []string{"a", "b", "c", "b", "d"}
-	assert.Equal([]string{"a", "b", "c", "d"}, unique(arr))
+	a.Equal([]string{"a", "b", "c", "d"}, unique(arr))
 }

 func TestGetChan(t *testing.T) {
@@ -45,9 +47,9 @@ func TestGetChan(t *testing.T) {
 	ch2 := getChan("aa")
 	ch3 := getChan("a")

-	assert := assert.New(t)
-	assert.NotEqual(ch1, ch2)
-	assert.Equal(ch1, ch3)
+	a := assert.New(t)
+	a.NotEqual(ch1, ch2)
+	a.Equal(ch1, ch3)
 }

 func TestLockUnlock(_ *testing.T) {
--- a/async/scatter_test.go
+++ b/async/scatter_test.go
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/async"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/assert"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/async"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/assert"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
 )

 func TestDouble(t *testing.T) {
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/BUILD.bazel
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ go_library(
        "head_sync_committee_info.go",
        "init_sync_process_block.go",
        "log.go",
+        "merge_ascii_art.go",
        "metrics.go",
-        "new_slot.go",
        "options.go",
        "pow_block.go",
        "process_attestation.go",
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ go_library(
        "state_balance_cache.go",
        "weak_subjectivity_checks.go",
    ],
-    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/blockchain",
+    importpath = "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/blockchain",
    visibility = [
        "//beacon-chain:__subpackages__",
        "//cmd/beacon-chain:__subpackages__",
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ go_library(
    deps = [
        "//async:go_default_library",
        "//async/event:go_default_library",
-        "//beacon-chain/blockchain/store:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/cache:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/cache/depositcache:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/altair:go_default_library",
@@ -49,25 +48,23 @@ go_library(
        "//beacon-chain/db:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db/filters:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db/kv:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/execution:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/forkchoice:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree:go_default_library",
-        "//beacon-chain/forkchoice/protoarray:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/forkchoice/types:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/operations/attestations:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/operations/blstoexec:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/operations/slashings:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/operations/voluntaryexits:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/p2p:go_default_library",
-        "//beacon-chain/powchain:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/state:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/state/stategen:go_default_library",
-        "//cmd/beacon-chain/flags:go_default_library",
        "//config/features:go_default_library",
        "//config/fieldparams:go_default_library",
        "//config/params:go_default_library",
-        "//consensus-types/forks/bellatrix:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types/interfaces:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types/primitives:go_default_library",
-        "//consensus-types/wrapper:go_default_library",
        "//crypto/bls:go_default_library",
        "//encoding/bytesutil:go_default_library",
        "//math:go_default_library",
@@ -112,7 +109,6 @@ go_test(
        "log_test.go",
        "metrics_test.go",
        "mock_test.go",
-        "new_slot_test.go",
        "pow_block_test.go",
        "process_attestation_test.go",
        "process_block_test.go",
@@ -132,15 +128,16 @@ go_test(
        "//beacon-chain/core/transition:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db/testing:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/execution:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/execution/testing:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/forkchoice/types:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/p2p:go_default_library",
-        "//beacon-chain/powchain:go_default_library",
-        "//beacon-chain/powchain/testing:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/state/state-native:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/state/stateutil:go_default_library",
-        "//beacon-chain/state/v1:go_default_library",
-        "//beacon-chain/state/v3:go_default_library",
        "//config/fieldparams:go_default_library",
        "//config/params:go_default_library",
-        "//consensus-types/wrapper:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/blocks/testing:go_default_library",
        "//container/trie:go_default_library",
        "//encoding/bytesutil:go_default_library",
        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
@@ -188,11 +185,13 @@ go_test(
        "//beacon-chain/core/transition:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/db/testing:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/execution:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/execution/testing:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/forkchoice/types:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/p2p:go_default_library",
-        "//beacon-chain/powchain:go_default_library",
-        "//beacon-chain/powchain/testing:go_default_library",
        "//config/params:go_default_library",
-        "//consensus-types/wrapper:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/blocks/testing:go_default_library",
        "//container/trie:go_default_library",
        "//encoding/bytesutil:go_default_library",
        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/chain_info.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/chain_info.go
@@ -1,23 +1,22 @@
 package blockchain

 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/blockchain/store"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice"
-	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/protoarray"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state"
-	fieldparams "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/fieldparams"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/interfaces"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice"
+	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state"
+	fieldparams "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/fieldparams"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )

@@ -26,10 +25,8 @@ import (
 type ChainInfoFetcher interface {
 	HeadFetcher
 	FinalizationFetcher
-	GenesisFetcher
 	CanonicalFetcher
 	ForkFetcher
-	TimeFetcher
 	HeadDomainFetcher
 }

@@ -71,6 +68,8 @@ type HeadFetcher interface {
 type ForkFetcher interface {
 	ForkChoicer() forkchoice.ForkChoicer
 	CurrentFork() *ethpb.Fork
+	GenesisFetcher
+	TimeFetcher
 }

 // CanonicalFetcher retrieves the current chain's canonical information.
@@ -81,10 +80,11 @@ type CanonicalFetcher interface {
 // FinalizationFetcher defines a common interface for methods in blockchain service which
 // directly retrieve finalization and justification related data.
 type FinalizationFetcher interface {
-	FinalizedCheckpt() (*ethpb.Checkpoint, error)
-	CurrentJustifiedCheckpt() (*ethpb.Checkpoint, error)
-	PreviousJustifiedCheckpt() (*ethpb.Checkpoint, error)
+	FinalizedCheckpt() *ethpb.Checkpoint
+	CurrentJustifiedCheckpt() *ethpb.Checkpoint
+	PreviousJustifiedCheckpt() *ethpb.Checkpoint
 	VerifyFinalizedBlkDescendant(ctx context.Context, blockRoot [32]byte) error
+	IsFinalized(ctx context.Context, blockRoot [32]byte) bool
 }

 // OptimisticModeFetcher retrieves information about optimistic status of the node.
@@ -94,47 +94,27 @@ type OptimisticModeFetcher interface {
 }

 // FinalizedCheckpt returns the latest finalized checkpoint from chain store.
-func (s *Service) FinalizedCheckpt() (*ethpb.Checkpoint, error) {
-	cp, err := s.store.FinalizedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+func (s *Service) FinalizedCheckpt() *ethpb.Checkpoint {
+	cp := s.ForkChoicer().FinalizedCheckpoint()
+	return &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: cp.Epoch, Root: bytesutil.SafeCopyBytes(cp.Root[:])}
+}

-	return ethpb.CopyCheckpoint(cp), nil
+// PreviousJustifiedCheckpt returns the current justified checkpoint from chain store.
+func (s *Service) PreviousJustifiedCheckpt() *ethpb.Checkpoint {
+	cp := s.ForkChoicer().PreviousJustifiedCheckpoint()
+	return &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: cp.Epoch, Root: bytesutil.SafeCopyBytes(cp.Root[:])}
 }

 // CurrentJustifiedCheckpt returns the current justified checkpoint from chain store.
-func (s *Service) CurrentJustifiedCheckpt() (*ethpb.Checkpoint, error) {
-	cp, err := s.store.JustifiedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return ethpb.CopyCheckpoint(cp), nil
-}
-
-// PreviousJustifiedCheckpt returns the previous justified checkpoint from chain store.
-func (s *Service) PreviousJustifiedCheckpt() (*ethpb.Checkpoint, error) {
-	cp, err := s.store.PrevJustifiedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return ethpb.CopyCheckpoint(cp), nil
+func (s *Service) CurrentJustifiedCheckpt() *ethpb.Checkpoint {
+	cp := s.ForkChoicer().JustifiedCheckpoint()
+	return &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: cp.Epoch, Root: bytesutil.SafeCopyBytes(cp.Root[:])}
 }

 // BestJustifiedCheckpt returns the best justified checkpoint from store.
-func (s *Service) BestJustifiedCheckpt() (*ethpb.Checkpoint, error) {
-	cp, err := s.store.BestJustifiedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		// If there is no best justified checkpoint, return the checkpoint with root as zeros to be used for genesis cases.
-		if errors.Is(err, store.ErrNilCheckpoint) {
-			return &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}, nil
-		}
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return ethpb.CopyCheckpoint(cp), nil
+func (s *Service) BestJustifiedCheckpt() *ethpb.Checkpoint {
+	cp := s.ForkChoicer().BestJustifiedCheckpoint()
+	return &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: cp.Epoch, Root: bytesutil.SafeCopyBytes(cp.Root[:])}
 }

 // HeadSlot returns the slot of the head of the chain.
@@ -154,9 +134,8 @@ func (s *Service) HeadRoot(ctx context.Context) ([]byte, error) {
 	s.headLock.RLock()
 	defer s.headLock.RUnlock()

-	if s.headRoot() != params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash {
-		r := s.headRoot()
-		return r[:], nil
+	if s.head != nil && s.head.root != params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash {
+		return bytesutil.SafeCopyBytes(s.head.root[:]), nil
 	}

 	b, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.HeadBlock(ctx)
@@ -183,7 +162,7 @@ func (s *Service) HeadBlock(ctx context.Context) (interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock,
 	defer s.headLock.RUnlock()

 	if s.hasHeadState() {
-		return s.headBlock(), nil
+		return s.headBlock()
 	}

 	return s.cfg.BeaconDB.HeadBlock(ctx)
@@ -321,13 +300,35 @@ func (s *Service) ForkChoicer() forkchoice.ForkChoicer {

 // IsOptimistic returns true if the current head is optimistic.
 func (s *Service) IsOptimistic(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
-	s.headLock.RLock()
-	defer s.headLock.RUnlock()
 	if slots.ToEpoch(s.CurrentSlot()) < params.BeaconConfig().BellatrixForkEpoch {
 		return false, nil
 	}
+	s.headLock.RLock()
+	headRoot := s.head.root
+	s.headLock.RUnlock()

-	return s.IsOptimisticForRoot(ctx, s.head.root)
+	if s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.AllTipsAreInvalid() {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+	optimistic, err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.IsOptimistic(headRoot)
+	if err == nil {
+		return optimistic, nil
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, doublylinkedtree.ErrNilNode) {
+		return true, err
+	}
+	// If fockchoice does not have the headroot, then the node is considered
+	// optimistic
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// IsFinalized returns true if the input root is finalized.
+// It first checks latest finalized root then checks finalized root index in DB.
+func (s *Service) IsFinalized(ctx context.Context, root [32]byte) bool {
+	if s.ForkChoicer().FinalizedCheckpoint().Root == root {
+		return true
+	}
+	return s.cfg.BeaconDB.IsFinalizedBlock(ctx, root)
 }

 // IsOptimisticForRoot takes the root as argument instead of the current head
@@ -337,17 +338,27 @@ func (s *Service) IsOptimisticForRoot(ctx context.Context, root [32]byte) (bool,
 	if err == nil {
 		return optimistic, nil
 	}
-	if err != protoarray.ErrUnknownNodeRoot && err != doublylinkedtree.ErrNilNode {
+	if !errors.Is(err, doublylinkedtree.ErrNilNode) {
 		return false, err
 	}
+	// if the requested root is the headroot and the root is not found in
+	// forkchoice, the node should respond that it is optimistic
+	headRoot, err := s.HeadRoot(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return true, err
+	}
+	if bytes.Equal(headRoot, root[:]) {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
 	ss, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.StateSummary(ctx, root)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
-	if ss == nil {
-		return false, errInvalidNilSummary
-	}

+	if ss == nil {
+		return true, errInvalidNilSummary
+	}
 	validatedCheckpoint, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.LastValidatedCheckpoint(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
@@ -356,8 +367,14 @@ func (s *Service) IsOptimisticForRoot(ctx context.Context, root [32]byte) (bool,
 		return true, nil
 	}

+	// Historical non-canonical blocks here are returned as optimistic for safety.
+	isCanonical, err := s.IsCanonical(ctx, root)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
 	if slots.ToEpoch(ss.Slot)+1 < validatedCheckpoint.Epoch {
-		return false, nil
+		return !isCanonical, nil
 	}

 	// Checkpoint root could be zeros before the first finalized epoch. Use genesis root if the case.
@@ -372,13 +389,6 @@ func (s *Service) IsOptimisticForRoot(ctx context.Context, root [32]byte) (bool,
 	if ss.Slot > lastValidated.Slot {
 		return true, nil
 	}
-
-	isCanonical, err := s.IsCanonical(ctx, root)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	// Historical non-canonical blocks here are returned as optimistic for safety.
 	return !isCanonical, nil
 }

--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/chain_info_norace_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/chain_info_norace_test.go
@@ -4,12 +4,13 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"testing"

-	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db/testing"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/util"
+	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/db/testing"
+	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/util"
 )

 func TestHeadSlot_DataRace(t *testing.T) {
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ func TestHeadSlot_DataRace(t *testing.T) {
 	s := &Service{
 		cfg: &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB},
 	}
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
+	b, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 1)
 	wait := make(chan struct{})
@@ -32,10 +33,10 @@ func TestHeadSlot_DataRace(t *testing.T) {
 func TestHeadRoot_DataRace(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	s := &Service{
-		cfg:  &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, StateGen: stategen.New(beaconDB)},
+		cfg:  &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, StateGen: stategen.New(beaconDB, doublylinkedtree.New())},
 		head: &head{root: [32]byte{'A'}},
 	}
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
+	b, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	wait := make(chan struct{})
 	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 1)
@@ -51,13 +52,13 @@ func TestHeadRoot_DataRace(t *testing.T) {

 func TestHeadBlock_DataRace(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(&ethpb.SignedBeaconBlock{})
+	wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(&ethpb.SignedBeaconBlock{Block: &ethpb.BeaconBlock{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{}}})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	s := &Service{
-		cfg:  &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, StateGen: stategen.New(beaconDB)},
+		cfg:  &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, StateGen: stategen.New(beaconDB, doublylinkedtree.New())},
 		head: &head{block: wsb},
 	}
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
+	b, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	wait := make(chan struct{})
 	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 1)
@@ -74,9 +75,9 @@ func TestHeadBlock_DataRace(t *testing.T) {
 func TestHeadState_DataRace(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	s := &Service{
-		cfg: &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, StateGen: stategen.New(beaconDB)},
+		cfg: &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, StateGen: stategen.New(beaconDB, doublylinkedtree.New())},
 	}
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
+	b, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	wait := make(chan struct{})
 	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 1)
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/chain_info_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/chain_info_test.go
@@ -5,22 +5,22 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/blockchain/store"
-	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db/testing"
-	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/protoarray"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state"
-	v1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state/v1"
-	v3 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state/v3"
-	fieldparams "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/fieldparams"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/assert"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/util"
+	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/db/testing"
+	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
+	forkchoicetypes "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state"
+	state_native "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state/state-native"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
+	fieldparams "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/fieldparams"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	enginev1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/engine/v1"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/assert"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/util"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 )

@@ -37,37 +37,29 @@ func prepareForkchoiceState(
 	blockRoot [32]byte,
 	parentRoot [32]byte,
 	payloadHash [32]byte,
-	justifiedEpoch types.Epoch,
-	finalizedEpoch types.Epoch,
+	justified *ethpb.Checkpoint,
+	finalized *ethpb.Checkpoint,
 ) (state.BeaconState, [32]byte, error) {
 	blockHeader := &ethpb.BeaconBlockHeader{
 		ParentRoot: parentRoot[:],
 	}

-	executionHeader := &ethpb.ExecutionPayloadHeader{
+	executionHeader := &enginev1.ExecutionPayloadHeader{
 		BlockHash: payloadHash[:],
 	}

-	justifiedCheckpoint := &ethpb.Checkpoint{
-		Epoch: justifiedEpoch,
-	}
-
-	finalizedCheckpoint := &ethpb.Checkpoint{
-		Epoch: finalizedEpoch,
-	}
-
 	base := &ethpb.BeaconStateBellatrix{
 		Slot:                         slot,
 		RandaoMixes:                  make([][]byte, params.BeaconConfig().EpochsPerHistoricalVector),
 		BlockRoots:                   make([][]byte, 1),
-		CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint:   justifiedCheckpoint,
-		FinalizedCheckpoint:          finalizedCheckpoint,
+		CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint:   justified,
+		FinalizedCheckpoint:          finalized,
 		LatestExecutionPayloadHeader: executionHeader,
 		LatestBlockHeader:            blockHeader,
 	}

 	base.BlockRoots[0] = append(base.BlockRoots[0], blockRoot[:]...)
-	st, err := v3.InitializeFromProto(base)
+	st, err := state_native.InitializeFromProtoBellatrix(base)
 	return st, blockRoot, err
 }

@@ -85,112 +77,99 @@ func TestService_ForkChoiceStore(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, types.Epoch(0), p.FinalizedCheckpoint().Epoch)
 }

-func TestFinalizedCheckpt_CanRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-
-	cp := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 5, Root: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte("foo"), 32)}
-	c := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
-	c.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(cp, [32]byte{'a'})
-
-	cp, err := c.FinalizedCheckpt()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, cp.Epoch, cp.Epoch, "Unexpected finalized epoch")
-}
-
 func TestFinalizedCheckpt_GenesisRootOk(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-
-	genesisRoot := [32]byte{'A'}
-	cp := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: genesisRoot[:]}
-	c := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
-	c.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(cp, [32]byte{'a'})
-	c.originBlockRoot = genesisRoot
-	cp, err := c.FinalizedCheckpt()
+	fcs := doublylinkedtree.New()
+	opts := []Option{
+		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
+		WithForkChoiceStore(fcs),
+		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB, fcs)),
+	}
+	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.DeepEqual(t, c.originBlockRoot[:], cp.Root)
+
+	gs, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 32)
+	require.NoError(t, service.saveGenesisData(ctx, gs))
+	cp := service.FinalizedCheckpt()
+	assert.DeepEqual(t, [32]byte{}, bytesutil.ToBytes32(cp.Root))
+	cp = service.CurrentJustifiedCheckpt()
+	assert.DeepEqual(t, [32]byte{}, bytesutil.ToBytes32(cp.Root))
+	// check that forkchoice has the right genesis root as the node root
+	root, err := fcs.Head(ctx, []uint64{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, service.originBlockRoot, root)
+
 }

 func TestCurrentJustifiedCheckpt_CanRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-
-	c := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
-	_, err := c.CurrentJustifiedCheckpt()
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, store.ErrNilCheckpoint)
-	cp := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 6, Root: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte("foo"), 32)}
-	c.store.SetJustifiedCheckptAndPayloadHash(cp, [32]byte{})
-	jp, err := c.CurrentJustifiedCheckpt()
+	fcs := doublylinkedtree.New()
+	opts := []Option{
+		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
+		WithForkChoiceStore(fcs),
+		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB, fcs)),
+	}
+	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cp := &forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{Epoch: 6, Root: [32]byte{'j'}}
+	require.NoError(t, fcs.UpdateJustifiedCheckpoint(cp))
+	jp := service.CurrentJustifiedCheckpt()
 	assert.Equal(t, cp.Epoch, jp.Epoch, "Unexpected justified epoch")
-}
-
-func TestJustifiedCheckpt_GenesisRootOk(t *testing.T) {
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-
-	c := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
-	genesisRoot := [32]byte{'B'}
-	cp := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: genesisRoot[:]}
-	c.store.SetJustifiedCheckptAndPayloadHash(cp, [32]byte{})
-	c.originBlockRoot = genesisRoot
-	cp, err := c.CurrentJustifiedCheckpt()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.DeepEqual(t, c.originBlockRoot[:], cp.Root)
-}
-
-func TestPreviousJustifiedCheckpt_CanRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-
-	cp := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 7, Root: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte("foo"), 32)}
-	c := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
-	_, err := c.PreviousJustifiedCheckpt()
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, store.ErrNilCheckpoint)
-	c.store.SetPrevJustifiedCheckpt(cp)
-	pcp, err := c.PreviousJustifiedCheckpt()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, cp.Epoch, pcp.Epoch, "Unexpected previous justified epoch")
-}
-
-func TestPrevJustifiedCheckpt_GenesisRootOk(t *testing.T) {
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-
-	genesisRoot := [32]byte{'C'}
-	cp := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: genesisRoot[:]}
-	c := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
-	c.store.SetPrevJustifiedCheckpt(cp)
-	c.originBlockRoot = genesisRoot
-	pcp, err := c.PreviousJustifiedCheckpt()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.DeepEqual(t, c.originBlockRoot[:], pcp.Root)
+	require.Equal(t, cp.Root, bytesutil.ToBytes32(jp.Root))
 }

 func TestHeadSlot_CanRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
 	c := &Service{}
-	s, err := v1.InitializeFromProto(&ethpb.BeaconState{})
+	s, err := state_native.InitializeFromProtoPhase0(&ethpb.BeaconState{})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	c.head = &head{slot: 100, state: s}
 	assert.Equal(t, types.Slot(100), c.HeadSlot())
 }

 func TestHeadRoot_CanRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
-	c := &Service{}
-	c.head = &head{root: [32]byte{'A'}}
-	r, err := c.HeadRoot(context.Background())
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+	fcs := doublylinkedtree.New()
+	opts := []Option{
+		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
+		WithForkChoiceStore(fcs),
+		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB, fcs)),
+	}
+	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, [32]byte{'A'}, bytesutil.ToBytes32(r))
+	gs, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 32)
+	require.NoError(t, service.saveGenesisData(ctx, gs))
+
+	r, err := service.HeadRoot(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, service.originBlockRoot, bytesutil.ToBytes32(r))
 }

 func TestHeadRoot_UseDB(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	c := &Service{cfg: &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB}}
-	c.head = &head{root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash}
+	fcs := doublylinkedtree.New()
+	opts := []Option{
+		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
+		WithForkChoiceStore(fcs),
+		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB, fcs)),
+	}
+	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	service.head = &head{root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash}
 	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	br, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b)
+	wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), wsb))
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(context.Background(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: br[:]}))
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveHeadBlockRoot(context.Background(), br))
-	r, err := c.HeadRoot(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(ctx, &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: br[:]}))
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveHeadBlockRoot(ctx, br))
+	r, err := service.HeadRoot(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, br, bytesutil.ToBytes32(r))
 }
@@ -198,26 +177,28 @@ func TestHeadRoot_UseDB(t *testing.T) {
 func TestHeadBlock_CanRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
 	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b.Block.Slot = 1
-	s, err := v1.InitializeFromProto(&ethpb.BeaconState{})
+	s, err := state_native.InitializeFromProtoPhase0(&ethpb.BeaconState{})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b)
+	wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	c := &Service{}
 	c.head = &head{block: wsb, state: s}

-	recevied, err := c.HeadBlock(context.Background())
+	received, err := c.HeadBlock(context.Background())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.DeepEqual(t, b, recevied.Proto(), "Incorrect head block received")
+	pb, err := received.Proto()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.DeepEqual(t, b, pb, "Incorrect head block received")
 }

 func TestHeadState_CanRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
-	s, err := v1.InitializeFromProto(&ethpb.BeaconState{Slot: 2, GenesisValidatorsRoot: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]})
+	s, err := state_native.InitializeFromProtoPhase0(&ethpb.BeaconState{Slot: 2, GenesisValidatorsRoot: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	c := &Service{}
 	c.head = &head{state: s}
 	headState, err := c.HeadState(context.Background())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.DeepEqual(t, headState.InnerStateUnsafe(), s.InnerStateUnsafe(), "Incorrect head state received")
+	assert.DeepEqual(t, headState.ToProtoUnsafe(), s.ToProtoUnsafe(), "Incorrect head state received")
 }

 func TestGenesisTime_CanRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
@@ -228,7 +209,7 @@ func TestGenesisTime_CanRetrieve(t *testing.T) {

 func TestCurrentFork_CanRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
 	f := &ethpb.Fork{Epoch: 999}
-	s, err := v1.InitializeFromProto(&ethpb.BeaconState{Fork: f})
+	s, err := state_native.InitializeFromProtoPhase0(&ethpb.BeaconState{Fork: f})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	c := &Service{}
 	c.head = &head{state: s}
@@ -253,7 +234,7 @@ func TestGenesisValidatorsRoot_CanRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
 	c := &Service{}
 	assert.Equal(t, [32]byte{}, c.GenesisValidatorsRoot(), "Did not get correct genesis validators root")

-	s, err := v1.InitializeFromProto(&ethpb.BeaconState{GenesisValidatorsRoot: []byte{'a'}})
+	s, err := state_native.InitializeFromProtoPhase0(&ethpb.BeaconState{GenesisValidatorsRoot: []byte{'a'}})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	c.head = &head{state: s}
 	assert.Equal(t, [32]byte{'a'}, c.GenesisValidatorsRoot(), "Did not get correct genesis validators root")
@@ -267,7 +248,7 @@ func TestHeadETH1Data_Nil(t *testing.T) {

 func TestHeadETH1Data_CanRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
 	d := &ethpb.Eth1Data{DepositCount: 999}
-	s, err := v1.InitializeFromProto(&ethpb.BeaconState{Eth1Data: d})
+	s, err := state_native.InitializeFromProtoPhase0(&ethpb.BeaconState{Eth1Data: d})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	c := &Service{}
 	c.head = &head{state: s}
@@ -285,9 +266,7 @@ func TestIsCanonical_Ok(t *testing.T) {
 	blk.Block.Slot = 0
 	root, err := blk.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, blk)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, root))
 	can, err := c.IsCanonical(ctx, root)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -325,29 +304,6 @@ func TestService_HeadGenesisValidatorsRoot(t *testing.T) {
 	root = c.HeadGenesisValidatorsRoot()
 	require.DeepEqual(t, root[:], s.GenesisValidatorsRoot())
 }
-func TestService_ChainHeads_ProtoArray(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	c := &Service{cfg: &config{ForkChoiceStore: protoarray.New()}}
-	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 100, [32]byte{'a'}, [32]byte{}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 101, [32]byte{'b'}, [32]byte{'a'}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 102, [32]byte{'c'}, [32]byte{'b'}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 103, [32]byte{'d'}, [32]byte{'a'}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 104, [32]byte{'e'}, [32]byte{'b'}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-
-	roots, slots := c.ChainHeads()
-	require.DeepEqual(t, [][32]byte{{'c'}, {'d'}, {'e'}}, roots)
-	require.DeepEqual(t, []types.Slot{102, 103, 104}, slots)
-}

 //
 //  A <- B <- C
@@ -355,31 +311,33 @@ func TestService_ChainHeads_ProtoArray(t *testing.T) {
 //    \    ---------- E
 //     ---------- D

-func TestService_ChainHeads_DoublyLinkedTree(t *testing.T) {
+func TestService_ChainHeads(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	c := &Service{cfg: &config{ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New()}}
-	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 0, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
+	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	ofc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	st, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 0, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 100, [32]byte{'a'}, [32]byte{}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
+	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, st, blkRoot))
+	st, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 100, [32]byte{'a'}, [32]byte{}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 101, [32]byte{'b'}, [32]byte{'a'}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
+	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, st, blkRoot))
+	st, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 101, [32]byte{'b'}, [32]byte{'a'}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 102, [32]byte{'c'}, [32]byte{'b'}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
+	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, st, blkRoot))
+	st, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 102, [32]byte{'c'}, [32]byte{'b'}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 103, [32]byte{'d'}, [32]byte{}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
+	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, st, blkRoot))
+	st, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 103, [32]byte{'d'}, [32]byte{}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 104, [32]byte{'e'}, [32]byte{'b'}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
+	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, st, blkRoot))
+	st, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 104, [32]byte{'e'}, [32]byte{'b'}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
+	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, st, blkRoot))

 	roots, slots := c.ChainHeads()
 	require.Equal(t, 3, len(roots))
-	rootMap := map[[32]byte]types.Slot{[32]byte{'c'}: 102, [32]byte{'d'}: 103, [32]byte{'e'}: 104}
+	rootMap := map[[32]byte]types.Slot{{'c'}: 102, {'d'}: 103, {'e'}: 104}
 	for i, root := range roots {
 		slot, ok := rootMap[root]
 		require.Equal(t, true, ok)
@@ -445,40 +403,22 @@ func TestService_HeadValidatorIndexToPublicKeyNil(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, [fieldparams.BLSPubkeyLength]byte{}, p)
 }

-func TestService_IsOptimistic_ProtoArray(t *testing.T) {
-	params.SetupTestConfigCleanup(t)
-	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
-	cfg.BellatrixForkEpoch = 0
-	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(cfg)
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	c := &Service{cfg: &config{ForkChoiceStore: protoarray.New()}, head: &head{slot: 101, root: [32]byte{'b'}}}
-	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 100, [32]byte{'a'}, [32]byte{}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 101, [32]byte{'b'}, [32]byte{'a'}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-
-	opt, err := c.IsOptimistic(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, true, opt)
-}
-
-func TestService_IsOptimistic_DoublyLinkedTree(t *testing.T) {
+func TestService_IsOptimistic(t *testing.T) {
 	params.SetupTestConfigCleanup(t)
 	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
 	cfg.BellatrixForkEpoch = 0
 	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(cfg)

 	ctx := context.Background()
+	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	ofc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
 	c := &Service{cfg: &config{ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New()}, head: &head{slot: 101, root: [32]byte{'b'}}}
-	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 100, [32]byte{'a'}, [32]byte{}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
+	st, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 100, [32]byte{'a'}, [32]byte{}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 101, [32]byte{'b'}, [32]byte{'a'}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
+	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, st, blkRoot))
+	st, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 101, [32]byte{'b'}, [32]byte{'a'}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
+	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, st, blkRoot))

 	opt, err := c.IsOptimistic(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -493,102 +433,24 @@ func TestService_IsOptimisticBeforeBellatrix(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, false, opt)
 }

-func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot_ProtoArray(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	c := &Service{cfg: &config{ForkChoiceStore: protoarray.New()}, head: &head{slot: 101, root: [32]byte{'b'}}}
-	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 100, [32]byte{'a'}, [32]byte{}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 101, [32]byte{'b'}, [32]byte{'a'}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-
-	opt, err := c.IsOptimisticForRoot(ctx, [32]byte{'a'})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, true, opt)
-}
-
-func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot_DoublyLinkedTree(t *testing.T) {
+func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	c := &Service{cfg: &config{ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New()}, head: &head{slot: 101, root: [32]byte{'b'}}}
-	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 100, [32]byte{'a'}, [32]byte{}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
+	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	ofc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	st, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 100, [32]byte{'a'}, [32]byte{}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 101, [32]byte{'b'}, [32]byte{'a'}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
+	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, st, blkRoot))
+	st, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 101, [32]byte{'b'}, [32]byte{'a'}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
+	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, st, blkRoot))

 	opt, err := c.IsOptimisticForRoot(ctx, [32]byte{'a'})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, true, opt)
 }

-func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot_DB_ProtoArray(t *testing.T) {
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	c := &Service{cfg: &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, ForkChoiceStore: protoarray.New()}, head: &head{slot: 101, root: [32]byte{'b'}}}
-	c.head = &head{root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash}
-	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	b.Block.Slot = 10
-	br, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), wsb))
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(context.Background(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: br[:], Slot: 10}))
-
-	optimisticBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	optimisticBlock.Block.Slot = 97
-	optimisticRoot, err := optimisticBlock.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(optimisticBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), wsb))
-
-	validatedBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	validatedBlock.Block.Slot = 9
-	validatedRoot, err := validatedBlock.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(validatedBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), wsb))
-
-	validatedCheckpoint := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: br[:]}
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveLastValidatedCheckpoint(ctx, validatedCheckpoint))
-
-	_, err = c.IsOptimisticForRoot(ctx, optimisticRoot)
-	require.ErrorContains(t, "nil summary returned from the DB", err)
-
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(context.Background(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: optimisticRoot[:], Slot: 11}))
-	optimistic, err := c.IsOptimisticForRoot(ctx, optimisticRoot)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, true, optimistic)
-
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(context.Background(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: validatedRoot[:], Slot: 9}))
-	cp := &ethpb.Checkpoint{
-		Epoch: 1,
-		Root:  validatedRoot[:],
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, validatedRoot))
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveFinalizedCheckpoint(ctx, cp))
-
-	validated, err := c.IsOptimisticForRoot(ctx, validatedRoot)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, false, validated)
-
-	// Before the first finalized epoch, finalized root could be zeros.
-	validatedCheckpoint = &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, br))
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(context.Background(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:], Slot: 10}))
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveLastValidatedCheckpoint(ctx, validatedCheckpoint))
-
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(context.Background(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: optimisticRoot[:], Slot: 11}))
-	optimistic, err = c.IsOptimisticForRoot(ctx, optimisticRoot)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, true, optimistic)
-}
-
-func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot_DB_DoublyLinkedTree(t *testing.T) {
+func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot_DB(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	c := &Service{cfg: &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New()}, head: &head{slot: 101, root: [32]byte{'b'}}}
@@ -597,26 +459,20 @@ func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot_DB_DoublyLinkedTree(t *testing.T) {
 	b.Block.Slot = 10
 	br, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), beaconDB, b)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(context.Background(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: br[:], Slot: 10}))

 	optimisticBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	optimisticBlock.Block.Slot = 97
 	optimisticRoot, err := optimisticBlock.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(optimisticBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), beaconDB, optimisticBlock)

 	validatedBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	validatedBlock.Block.Slot = 9
 	validatedRoot, err := validatedBlock.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(validatedBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), beaconDB, validatedBlock)

 	validatedCheckpoint := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: br[:]}
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveLastValidatedCheckpoint(ctx, validatedCheckpoint))
@@ -661,26 +517,20 @@ func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot_DB_non_canonical(t *testing.T) {
 	b.Block.Slot = 10
 	br, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), beaconDB, b)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(context.Background(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: br[:], Slot: 10}))

 	optimisticBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	optimisticBlock.Block.Slot = 97
 	optimisticRoot, err := optimisticBlock.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(optimisticBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), beaconDB, optimisticBlock)

 	validatedBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	validatedBlock.Block.Slot = 9
 	validatedRoot, err := validatedBlock.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(validatedBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), beaconDB, validatedBlock)

 	validatedCheckpoint := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: br[:]}
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveLastValidatedCheckpoint(ctx, validatedCheckpoint))
@@ -696,3 +546,25 @@ func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot_DB_non_canonical(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, true, validated)

 }
+
+func TestService_IsFinalized(t *testing.T) {
+	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	c := &Service{cfg: &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New()}}
+	r1 := [32]byte{'a'}
+	require.NoError(t, c.ForkChoiceStore().UpdateFinalizedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{
+		Root: r1,
+	}))
+	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+	br, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, b)
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(ctx, &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: br[:], Slot: 10}))
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, br))
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveFinalizedCheckpoint(ctx, &ethpb.Checkpoint{
+		Root: br[:],
+	}))
+	require.Equal(t, true, c.IsFinalized(ctx, r1))
+	require.Equal(t, true, c.IsFinalized(ctx, br))
+	require.Equal(t, false, c.IsFinalized(ctx, [32]byte{'c'}))
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/checktags_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/checktags_test.go
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build !develop
-// +build !develop

 package blockchain

--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/error.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/error.go
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ import "github.com/pkg/errors"

 var (
 	// ErrInvalidPayload is returned when the payload is invalid
-	ErrInvalidPayload = errors.New("recevied an INVALID payload from execution engine")
+	ErrInvalidPayload = invalidBlock{error: errors.New("received an INVALID payload from execution engine")}
+	// ErrInvalidBlockHashPayloadStatus is returned when the payload has invalid block hash.
+	ErrInvalidBlockHashPayloadStatus = invalidBlock{error: errors.New("received an INVALID_BLOCK_HASH payload from execution engine")}
 	// ErrUndefinedExecutionEngineError is returned when the execution engine returns an error that is not defined
 	ErrUndefinedExecutionEngineError = errors.New("received an undefined ee error")
 	// errNilFinalizedInStore is returned when a nil finalized checkpt is returned from store.
@@ -12,7 +14,7 @@ var (
 	// errNilFinalizedCheckpoint is returned when a nil finalized checkpt is returned from a state.
 	errNilFinalizedCheckpoint = errors.New("nil finalized checkpoint returned from state")
 	// errNilJustifiedCheckpoint is returned when a nil justified checkpt is returned from a state.
-	errNilJustifiedCheckpoint = errors.New("nil finalized checkpoint returned from state")
+	errNilJustifiedCheckpoint = errors.New("nil justified checkpoint returned from state")
 	// errInvalidNilSummary is returned when a nil summary is returned from the DB.
 	errInvalidNilSummary = errors.New("nil summary returned from the DB")
 	// errWrongBlockCount is returned when the wrong number of blocks or block roots is used
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ var (
 	// errWSBlockNotFoundInEpoch is returned when a block is not found in the WS cache or DB within epoch.
 	errWSBlockNotFoundInEpoch = errors.New("weak subjectivity root not found in db within epoch")
 	// errNotDescendantOfFinalized is returned when a block is not a descendant of the finalized checkpoint
-	errNotDescendantOfFinalized = invalidBlock{errors.New("not descendant of finalized checkpoint")}
+	errNotDescendantOfFinalized = invalidBlock{error: errors.New("not descendant of finalized checkpoint")}
 )

 // An invalid block is the block that fails state transition based on the core protocol rules.
@@ -38,17 +40,25 @@ var (
 // The block is deemed invalid according to execution layer client.
 // The block violates certain fork choice rules (before finalized slot, not finalized ancestor)
 type invalidBlock struct {
+	invalidAncestorRoots [][32]byte
 	error
+	root [32]byte
 }

 type invalidBlockError interface {
 	Error() string
-	InvalidBlock() bool
+	InvalidAncestorRoots() [][32]byte
+	BlockRoot() [32]byte
 }

-// InvalidBlock returns true for `invalidBlock`.
-func (e invalidBlock) InvalidBlock() bool {
-	return true
+// BlockRoot returns the invalid block root.
+func (e invalidBlock) BlockRoot() [32]byte {
+	return e.root
+}
+
+// InvalidAncestorRoots returns an optional list of invalid roots of the invalid block which leads up last valid root.
+func (e invalidBlock) InvalidAncestorRoots() [][32]byte {
+	return e.invalidAncestorRoots
 }

 // IsInvalidBlock returns true if the error has `invalidBlock`.
@@ -56,9 +66,34 @@ func IsInvalidBlock(e error) bool {
 	if e == nil {
 		return false
 	}
-	d, ok := e.(invalidBlockError)
+	_, ok := e.(invalidBlockError)
 	if !ok {
 		return IsInvalidBlock(errors.Unwrap(e))
 	}
-	return d.InvalidBlock()
+	return true
+}
+
+// InvalidBlockRoot returns the invalid block root. If the error
+// doesn't have an invalid blockroot. [32]byte{} is returned.
+func InvalidBlockRoot(e error) [32]byte {
+	if e == nil {
+		return [32]byte{}
+	}
+	d, ok := e.(invalidBlockError)
+	if !ok {
+		return [32]byte{}
+	}
+	return d.BlockRoot()
+}
+
+// InvalidAncestorRoots returns a list of invalid roots up to last valid root.
+func InvalidAncestorRoots(e error) [][32]byte {
+	if e == nil {
+		return [][32]byte{}
+	}
+	d, ok := e.(invalidBlockError)
+	if !ok {
+		return [][32]byte{}
+	}
+	return d.InvalidAncestorRoots()
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/error_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/error_test.go
@@ -4,14 +4,33 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
 )

 func TestIsInvalidBlock(t *testing.T) {
-	require.Equal(t, false, IsInvalidBlock(ErrInvalidPayload))
-	err := invalidBlock{ErrInvalidPayload}
+	require.Equal(t, true, IsInvalidBlock(ErrInvalidPayload)) // Already wrapped.
+	err := invalidBlock{error: ErrInvalidPayload}
 	require.Equal(t, true, IsInvalidBlock(err))

 	newErr := errors.Wrap(err, "wrap me")
 	require.Equal(t, true, IsInvalidBlock(newErr))
+	require.DeepEqual(t, [][32]byte(nil), InvalidAncestorRoots(err))
+}
+
+func TestInvalidBlockRoot(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, [32]byte{}, InvalidBlockRoot(ErrUndefinedExecutionEngineError))
+	require.Equal(t, [32]byte{}, InvalidBlockRoot(ErrInvalidPayload))
+
+	err := invalidBlock{error: ErrInvalidPayload, root: [32]byte{'a'}}
+	require.Equal(t, [32]byte{'a'}, InvalidBlockRoot(err))
+	require.DeepEqual(t, [][32]byte(nil), InvalidAncestorRoots(err))
+}
+
+func TestInvalidRoots(t *testing.T) {
+	roots := [][32]byte{{'d'}, {'b'}, {'c'}}
+	err := invalidBlock{error: ErrInvalidPayload, root: [32]byte{'a'}, invalidAncestorRoots: roots}
+
+	require.Equal(t, true, IsInvalidBlock(err))
+	require.Equal(t, [32]byte{'a'}, InvalidBlockRoot(err))
+	require.DeepEqual(t, roots, InvalidAncestorRoots(err))
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/execution_engine.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/execution_engine.go
@@ -5,25 +5,26 @@ import (
 	"fmt"

 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/time"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/transition"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db/kv"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/powchain"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/interfaces"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	enginev1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/engine/v1"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/time"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/transition"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/db/kv"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/execution"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	consensusblocks "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	enginev1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/engine/v1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )

+var defaultLatestValidHash = bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{0xff}, 32)
+
 // notifyForkchoiceUpdateArg is the argument for the forkchoice update notification `notifyForkchoiceUpdate`.
 type notifyForkchoiceUpdateArg struct {
 	headState state.BeaconState
@@ -40,24 +41,27 @@ func (s *Service) notifyForkchoiceUpdate(ctx context.Context, arg *notifyForkcho

 	headBlk := arg.headBlock
 	if headBlk == nil || headBlk.IsNil() || headBlk.Body().IsNil() {
-		return nil, errors.New("nil head block")
+		log.Error("Head block is nil")
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 	// Must not call fork choice updated until the transition conditions are met on the Pow network.
 	isExecutionBlk, err := blocks.IsExecutionBlock(headBlk.Body())
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not determine if block is execution block")
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not determine if head block is execution block")
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 	if !isExecutionBlk {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	headPayload, err := headBlk.Body().ExecutionPayload()
+	headPayload, err := headBlk.Body().Execution()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not get execution payload")
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not get execution payload for head block")
+		return nil, nil
 	}
-	finalizedHash := s.store.FinalizedPayloadBlockHash()
-	justifiedHash := s.store.JustifiedPayloadBlockHash()
+	finalizedHash := s.ForkChoicer().FinalizedPayloadBlockHash()
+	justifiedHash := s.ForkChoicer().JustifiedPayloadBlockHash()
 	fcs := &enginev1.ForkchoiceState{
-		HeadBlockHash:      headPayload.BlockHash,
+		HeadBlockHash:      headPayload.BlockHash(),
 		SafeBlockHash:      justifiedHash[:],
 		FinalizedBlockHash: finalizedHash[:],
 	}
@@ -65,42 +69,54 @@ func (s *Service) notifyForkchoiceUpdate(ctx context.Context, arg *notifyForkcho
 	nextSlot := s.CurrentSlot() + 1 // Cache payload ID for next slot proposer.
 	hasAttr, attr, proposerId, err := s.getPayloadAttribute(ctx, arg.headState, nextSlot)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not get payload attribute")
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not get head payload attribute")
 	}

 	payloadID, lastValidHash, err := s.cfg.ExecutionEngineCaller.ForkchoiceUpdated(ctx, fcs, attr)
 	if err != nil {
 		switch err {
-		case powchain.ErrAcceptedSyncingPayloadStatus:
+		case execution.ErrAcceptedSyncingPayloadStatus:
 			forkchoiceUpdatedOptimisticNodeCount.Inc()
 			log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
 				"headSlot":                  headBlk.Slot(),
-				"headPayloadBlockHash":      fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bytesutil.Trunc(headPayload.BlockHash)),
+				"headPayloadBlockHash":      fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bytesutil.Trunc(headPayload.BlockHash())),
 				"finalizedPayloadBlockHash": fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bytesutil.Trunc(finalizedHash[:])),
 			}).Info("Called fork choice updated with optimistic block")
-			return payloadID, s.optimisticCandidateBlock(ctx, headBlk)
-		case powchain.ErrInvalidPayloadStatus:
-			newPayloadInvalidNodeCount.Inc()
+			return payloadID, nil
+		case execution.ErrInvalidPayloadStatus:
+			forkchoiceUpdatedInvalidNodeCount.Inc()
 			headRoot := arg.headRoot
-			invalidRoots, err := s.ForkChoicer().SetOptimisticToInvalid(ctx, headRoot, bytesutil.ToBytes32(headBlk.ParentRoot()), bytesutil.ToBytes32(lastValidHash))
+			if len(lastValidHash) == 0 {
+				lastValidHash = defaultLatestValidHash
+			}
+			invalidRoots, err := s.ForkChoicer().SetOptimisticToInvalid(ctx, headRoot, headBlk.ParentRoot(), bytesutil.ToBytes32(lastValidHash))
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				log.WithError(err).Error("Could not set head root to invalid")
+				return nil, nil
 			}
 			if err := s.removeInvalidBlockAndState(ctx, invalidRoots); err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				log.WithError(err).Error("Could not remove invalid block and state")
+				return nil, nil
 			}

-			r, err := s.updateHead(ctx, s.justifiedBalances.balances)
+			r, err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Head(ctx, s.justifiedBalances.balances)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+					"slot":                 headBlk.Slot(),
+					"blockRoot":            fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bytesutil.Trunc(headRoot[:])),
+					"invalidChildrenCount": len(invalidRoots),
+				}).Warn("Pruned invalid blocks, could not update head root")
+				return nil, invalidBlock{error: ErrInvalidPayload, root: arg.headRoot, invalidAncestorRoots: invalidRoots}
 			}
 			b, err := s.getBlock(ctx, r)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				log.WithError(err).Error("Could not get head block")
+				return nil, nil
 			}
 			st, err := s.cfg.StateGen.StateByRoot(ctx, r)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				log.WithError(err).Error("Could not get head state")
+				return nil, nil
 			}
 			pid, err := s.notifyForkchoiceUpdate(ctx, &notifyForkchoiceUpdateArg{
 				headState: st,
@@ -108,28 +124,40 @@ func (s *Service) notifyForkchoiceUpdate(ctx context.Context, arg *notifyForkcho
 				headBlock: b.Block(),
 			})
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				return nil, err // Returning err because it's recursive here.
+			}
+
+			if err := s.saveHead(ctx, r, b, st); err != nil {
+				log.WithError(err).Error("could not save head after pruning invalid blocks")
 			}

 			log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-				"slot":         headBlk.Slot(),
-				"blockRoot":    fmt.Sprintf("%#x", headRoot),
-				"invalidCount": len(invalidRoots),
+				"slot":                 headBlk.Slot(),
+				"blockRoot":            fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bytesutil.Trunc(headRoot[:])),
+				"invalidChildrenCount": len(invalidRoots),
+				"newHeadRoot":          fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bytesutil.Trunc(r[:])),
 			}).Warn("Pruned invalid blocks")
-			return pid, ErrInvalidPayload
+			return pid, invalidBlock{error: ErrInvalidPayload, root: arg.headRoot, invalidAncestorRoots: invalidRoots}

 		default:
-			return nil, errors.WithMessage(ErrUndefinedExecutionEngineError, err.Error())
+			log.WithError(err).Error(ErrUndefinedExecutionEngineError)
+			return nil, nil
 		}
 	}
 	forkchoiceUpdatedValidNodeCount.Inc()
 	if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.SetOptimisticToValid(ctx, arg.headRoot); err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not set block to valid")
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not set head root to valid")
+		return nil, nil
 	}
-	if hasAttr { // If the forkchoice update call has an attribute, update the proposer payload ID cache.
+	if hasAttr && payloadID != nil { // If the forkchoice update call has an attribute, update the proposer payload ID cache.
 		var pId [8]byte
 		copy(pId[:], payloadID[:])
-		s.cfg.ProposerSlotIndexCache.SetProposerAndPayloadIDs(nextSlot, proposerId, pId)
+		s.cfg.ProposerSlotIndexCache.SetProposerAndPayloadIDs(nextSlot, proposerId, pId, arg.headRoot)
+	} else if hasAttr && payloadID == nil {
+		log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+			"blockHash": fmt.Sprintf("%#x", headPayload.BlockHash()),
+			"slot":      headBlk.Slot(),
+		}).Error("Received nil payload ID on VALID engine response")
 	}
 	return payloadID, nil
 }
@@ -144,17 +172,17 @@ func (s *Service) getPayloadHash(ctx context.Context, root []byte) ([32]byte, er
 	if blocks.IsPreBellatrixVersion(blk.Block().Version()) {
 		return params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, nil
 	}
-	payload, err := blk.Block().Body().ExecutionPayload()
+	payload, err := blk.Block().Body().Execution()
 	if err != nil {
 		return [32]byte{}, errors.Wrap(err, "could not get execution payload")
 	}
-	return bytesutil.ToBytes32(payload.BlockHash), nil
+	return bytesutil.ToBytes32(payload.BlockHash()), nil
 }

-// notifyForkchoiceUpdate signals execution engine on a new payload.
+// notifyNewPayload signals execution engine on a new payload.
 // It returns true if the EL has returned VALID for the block
 func (s *Service) notifyNewPayload(ctx context.Context, postStateVersion int,
-	postStateHeader *ethpb.ExecutionPayloadHeader, blk interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock) (bool, error) {
+	postStateHeader interfaces.ExecutionData, blk interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock) (bool, error) {
 	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.notifyNewPayload")
 	defer span.End()

@@ -163,40 +191,40 @@ func (s *Service) notifyNewPayload(ctx context.Context, postStateVersion int,
 	if blocks.IsPreBellatrixVersion(postStateVersion) {
 		return true, nil
 	}
-	if err := wrapper.BeaconBlockIsNil(blk); err != nil {
+	if err := consensusblocks.BeaconBlockIsNil(blk); err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
 	body := blk.Block().Body()
 	enabled, err := blocks.IsExecutionEnabledUsingHeader(postStateHeader, body)
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, errors.Wrap(invalidBlock{err}, "could not determine if execution is enabled")
+		return false, errors.Wrap(invalidBlock{error: err}, "could not determine if execution is enabled")
 	}
 	if !enabled {
 		return true, nil
 	}
-	payload, err := body.ExecutionPayload()
+	payload, err := body.Execution()
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, errors.Wrap(invalidBlock{err}, "could not get execution payload")
+		return false, errors.Wrap(invalidBlock{error: err}, "could not get execution payload")
 	}
 	lastValidHash, err := s.cfg.ExecutionEngineCaller.NewPayload(ctx, payload)
 	switch err {
 	case nil:
 		newPayloadValidNodeCount.Inc()
 		return true, nil
-	case powchain.ErrAcceptedSyncingPayloadStatus:
+	case execution.ErrAcceptedSyncingPayloadStatus:
 		newPayloadOptimisticNodeCount.Inc()
 		log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
 			"slot":             blk.Block().Slot(),
-			"payloadBlockHash": fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bytesutil.Trunc(payload.BlockHash)),
+			"payloadBlockHash": fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bytesutil.Trunc(payload.BlockHash())),
 		}).Info("Called new payload with optimistic block")
-		return false, s.optimisticCandidateBlock(ctx, blk.Block())
-	case powchain.ErrInvalidPayloadStatus:
+		return false, nil
+	case execution.ErrInvalidPayloadStatus:
 		newPayloadInvalidNodeCount.Inc()
 		root, err := blk.Block().HashTreeRoot()
 		if err != nil {
 			return false, err
 		}
-		invalidRoots, err := s.ForkChoicer().SetOptimisticToInvalid(ctx, root, bytesutil.ToBytes32(blk.Block().ParentRoot()), bytesutil.ToBytes32(lastValidHash))
+		invalidRoots, err := s.ForkChoicer().SetOptimisticToInvalid(ctx, root, blk.Block().ParentRoot(), bytesutil.ToBytes32(lastValidHash))
 		if err != nil {
 			return false, err
 		}
@@ -204,51 +232,27 @@ func (s *Service) notifyNewPayload(ctx context.Context, postStateVersion int,
 			return false, err
 		}
 		log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-			"slot":         blk.Block().Slot(),
-			"blockRoot":    fmt.Sprintf("%#x", root),
-			"invalidCount": len(invalidRoots),
+			"slot":                 blk.Block().Slot(),
+			"blockRoot":            fmt.Sprintf("%#x", root),
+			"invalidChildrenCount": len(invalidRoots),
 		}).Warn("Pruned invalid blocks")
-		return false, invalidBlock{ErrInvalidPayload}
+		return false, invalidBlock{
+			invalidAncestorRoots: invalidRoots,
+			error:                ErrInvalidPayload,
+		}
+	case execution.ErrInvalidBlockHashPayloadStatus:
+		newPayloadInvalidNodeCount.Inc()
+		return false, ErrInvalidBlockHashPayloadStatus
 	default:
 		return false, errors.WithMessage(ErrUndefinedExecutionEngineError, err.Error())
 	}
 }

-// optimisticCandidateBlock returns an error if this block can't be optimistically synced.
-// It replaces boolean in spec code with `errNotOptimisticCandidate`.
-//
-// Spec pseudocode definition:
-// def is_optimistic_candidate_block(opt_store: OptimisticStore, current_slot: Slot, block: BeaconBlock) -> bool:
-//    if is_execution_block(opt_store.blocks[block.parent_root]):
-//        return True
-//
-//    if block.slot + SAFE_SLOTS_TO_IMPORT_OPTIMISTICALLY <= current_slot:
-//        return True
-//
-//    return False
-func (s *Service) optimisticCandidateBlock(ctx context.Context, blk interfaces.BeaconBlock) error {
-	if blk.Slot()+params.BeaconConfig().SafeSlotsToImportOptimistically <= s.CurrentSlot() {
-		return nil
-	}
-	parent, err := s.getBlock(ctx, bytesutil.ToBytes32(blk.ParentRoot()))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	parentIsExecutionBlock, err := blocks.IsExecutionBlock(parent.Block().Body())
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if parentIsExecutionBlock {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return errNotOptimisticCandidate
-}
-
 // getPayloadAttributes returns the payload attributes for the given state and slot.
 // The attribute is required to initiate a payload build process in the context of an `engine_forkchoiceUpdated` call.
 func (s *Service) getPayloadAttribute(ctx context.Context, st state.BeaconState, slot types.Slot) (bool, *enginev1.PayloadAttributes, types.ValidatorIndex, error) {
-	proposerID, _, ok := s.cfg.ProposerSlotIndexCache.GetProposerPayloadIDs(slot)
+	// Root is `[32]byte{}` since we are retrieving proposer ID of a given slot. During insertion at assignment the root was not known.
+	proposerID, _, ok := s.cfg.ProposerSlotIndexCache.GetProposerPayloadIDs(slot, [32]byte{} /* root */)
 	if !ok { // There's no need to build attribute if there is no proposer for slot.
 		return false, nil, 0, nil
 	}
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/execution_engine_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/execution_engine_test.go
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/head.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/head.go
@@ -6,23 +6,20 @@ import (
 	"fmt"

 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/feed"
-	statefeed "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice"
-	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/protoarray"
-	forkchoicetypes "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/features"
-	fieldparams "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/fieldparams"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/interfaces"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	ethpbv1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/eth/v1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/feed"
+	statefeed "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state"
+	fieldparams "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/fieldparams"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/math"
+	ethpbv1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/eth/v1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )
@@ -30,17 +27,14 @@ import (
 // UpdateAndSaveHeadWithBalances updates the beacon state head after getting justified balanced from cache.
 // This function is only used in spec-tests, it does save the head after updating it.
 func (s *Service) UpdateAndSaveHeadWithBalances(ctx context.Context) error {
-	jp, err := s.store.JustifiedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	jp := s.CurrentJustifiedCheckpt()

 	balances, err := s.justifiedBalances.get(ctx, bytesutil.ToBytes32(jp.Root))
 	if err != nil {
 		msg := fmt.Sprintf("could not read balances for state w/ justified checkpoint %#x", jp.Root)
 		return errors.Wrap(err, msg)
 	}
-	headRoot, err := s.updateHead(ctx, balances)
+	headRoot, err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Head(ctx, balances)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not update head")
 	}
@@ -63,58 +57,6 @@ type head struct {
 	state state.BeaconState            // current head state.
 }

-// Determined the head from the fork choice service and saves its new data
-// (head root, head block, and head state) to the local service cache.
-func (s *Service) updateHead(ctx context.Context, balances []uint64) ([32]byte, error) {
-	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.updateHead")
-	defer span.End()
-
-	// Get head from the fork choice service.
-	f, err := s.store.FinalizedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return [32]byte{}, errors.Wrap(err, "could not get finalized checkpoint")
-	}
-	j, err := s.store.JustifiedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return [32]byte{}, errors.Wrap(err, "could not get justified checkpoint")
-	}
-	// To get head before the first justified epoch, the fork choice will start with origin root
-	// instead of zero hashes.
-	headStartRoot := s.ensureRootNotZeros(bytesutil.ToBytes32(j.Root))
-
-	// In order to process head, fork choice store requires justified info.
-	// If the fork choice store is missing justified block info, a node should
-	// re-initiate fork choice store using the latest justified info.
-	// This recovers a fatal condition and should not happen in run time.
-	if !s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.HasNode(headStartRoot) {
-		jb, err := s.getBlock(ctx, headStartRoot)
-		if err != nil {
-			return [32]byte{}, err
-		}
-		st, err := s.cfg.StateGen.StateByRoot(ctx, s.ensureRootNotZeros(headStartRoot))
-		if err != nil {
-			return [32]byte{}, err
-		}
-		if features.Get().EnableForkChoiceDoublyLinkedTree {
-			s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore = doublylinkedtree.New()
-		} else {
-			s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore = protoarray.New()
-		}
-		if err := s.insertBlockToForkChoiceStore(ctx, jb.Block(), headStartRoot, st, f, j); err != nil {
-			return [32]byte{}, err
-		}
-	}
-	jc := &forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{Epoch: j.Epoch, Root: headStartRoot}
-	fc := &forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{Epoch: f.Epoch, Root: s.ensureRootNotZeros(bytesutil.ToBytes32(f.Root))}
-	if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.UpdateJustifiedCheckpoint(jc); err != nil {
-		return [32]byte{}, err
-	}
-	if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.UpdateFinalizedCheckpoint(fc); err != nil {
-		return [32]byte{}, err
-	}
-	return s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Head(ctx, balances)
-}
-
 // This saves head info to the local service cache, it also saves the
 // new head root to the DB.
 func (s *Service) saveHead(ctx context.Context, newHeadRoot [32]byte, headBlock interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock, headState state.BeaconState) error {
@@ -122,14 +64,18 @@ func (s *Service) saveHead(ctx context.Context, newHeadRoot [32]byte, headBlock
 	defer span.End()

 	// Do nothing if head hasn't changed.
-	oldHeadroot, err := s.HeadRoot(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+	var oldHeadRoot [32]byte
+	s.headLock.RLock()
+	if s.head == nil {
+		oldHeadRoot = s.originBlockRoot
+	} else {
+		oldHeadRoot = s.head.root
 	}
-	if newHeadRoot == bytesutil.ToBytes32(oldHeadroot) {
+	s.headLock.RUnlock()
+	if newHeadRoot == oldHeadRoot {
 		return nil
 	}
-	if err := wrapper.BeaconBlockIsNil(headBlock); err != nil {
+	if err := blocks.BeaconBlockIsNil(headBlock); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if headState == nil || headState.IsNil() {
@@ -142,20 +88,39 @@ func (s *Service) saveHead(ctx context.Context, newHeadRoot [32]byte, headBlock
 		return nil
 	}

-	// A chain re-org occurred, so we fire an event notifying the rest of the services.
 	s.headLock.RLock()
-	oldHeadRoot := s.headRoot()
-	oldStateRoot := s.headBlock().Block().StateRoot()
+	oldHeadBlock, err := s.headBlock()
+	if err != nil {
+		s.headLock.RUnlock()
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get old head block")
+	}
+	oldStateRoot := oldHeadBlock.Block().StateRoot()
 	s.headLock.RUnlock()
 	headSlot := s.HeadSlot()
 	newHeadSlot := headBlock.Block().Slot()
 	newStateRoot := headBlock.Block().StateRoot()
-	if bytesutil.ToBytes32(headBlock.Block().ParentRoot()) != bytesutil.ToBytes32(oldHeadroot) {
+
+	// A chain re-org occurred, so we fire an event notifying the rest of the services.
+	if headBlock.Block().ParentRoot() != oldHeadRoot {
+		commonRoot, forkSlot, err := s.ForkChoicer().CommonAncestor(ctx, oldHeadRoot, newHeadRoot)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Error("Could not find common ancestor root")
+			commonRoot = params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash
+		}
+		dis := headSlot + newHeadSlot - 2*forkSlot
+		dep := math.Max(uint64(headSlot-forkSlot), uint64(newHeadSlot-forkSlot))
 		log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-			"newSlot": fmt.Sprintf("%d", newHeadSlot),
-			"oldSlot": fmt.Sprintf("%d", headSlot),
-		}).Debug("Chain reorg occurred")
-		absoluteSlotDifference := slots.AbsoluteValueSlotDifference(newHeadSlot, headSlot)
+			"newSlot":            fmt.Sprintf("%d", newHeadSlot),
+			"newRoot":            fmt.Sprintf("%#x", newHeadRoot),
+			"oldSlot":            fmt.Sprintf("%d", headSlot),
+			"oldRoot":            fmt.Sprintf("%#x", oldHeadRoot),
+			"commonAncestorRoot": fmt.Sprintf("%#x", commonRoot),
+			"distance":           dis,
+			"depth":              dep,
+		}).Info("Chain reorg occurred")
+		reorgDistance.Observe(float64(dis))
+		reorgDepth.Observe(float64(dep))
+
 		isOptimistic, err := s.IsOptimistic(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not check if node is optimistically synced")
@@ -164,24 +129,26 @@ func (s *Service) saveHead(ctx context.Context, newHeadRoot [32]byte, headBlock
 			Type: statefeed.Reorg,
 			Data: &ethpbv1.EventChainReorg{
 				Slot:                newHeadSlot,
-				Depth:               absoluteSlotDifference,
+				Depth:               math.Max(uint64(headSlot-forkSlot), uint64(newHeadSlot-forkSlot)),
 				OldHeadBlock:        oldHeadRoot[:],
 				NewHeadBlock:        newHeadRoot[:],
-				OldHeadState:        oldStateRoot,
-				NewHeadState:        newStateRoot,
+				OldHeadState:        oldStateRoot[:],
+				NewHeadState:        newStateRoot[:],
 				Epoch:               slots.ToEpoch(newHeadSlot),
 				ExecutionOptimistic: isOptimistic,
 			},
 		})

-		if err := s.saveOrphanedAtts(ctx, bytesutil.ToBytes32(oldHeadroot), newHeadRoot); err != nil {
+		if err := s.saveOrphanedAtts(ctx, oldHeadRoot, newHeadRoot); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		reorgCount.Inc()
 	}

 	// Cache the new head info.
-	s.setHead(newHeadRoot, headBlock, headState)
+	if err := s.setHead(newHeadRoot, headBlock, headState); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not set head")
+	}

 	// Save the new head root to DB.
 	if err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveHeadBlockRoot(ctx, newHeadRoot); err != nil {
@@ -191,7 +158,7 @@ func (s *Service) saveHead(ctx context.Context, newHeadRoot [32]byte, headBlock
 	// Forward an event capturing a new chain head over a common event feed
 	// done in a goroutine to avoid blocking the critical runtime main routine.
 	go func() {
-		if err := s.notifyNewHeadEvent(ctx, newHeadSlot, headState, newStateRoot, newHeadRoot[:]); err != nil {
+		if err := s.notifyNewHeadEvent(ctx, newHeadSlot, headState, newStateRoot[:], newHeadRoot[:]); err != nil {
 			log.WithError(err).Error("Could not notify event feed of new chain head")
 		}
 	}()
@@ -203,7 +170,7 @@ func (s *Service) saveHead(ctx context.Context, newHeadRoot [32]byte, headBlock
 // root in DB. With the inception of initial-sync-cache-state flag, it uses finalized
 // check point as anchors to resume sync therefore head is no longer needed to be saved on per slot basis.
 func (s *Service) saveHeadNoDB(ctx context.Context, b interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock, r [32]byte, hs state.BeaconState) error {
-	if err := wrapper.BeaconBlockIsNil(b); err != nil {
+	if err := blocks.BeaconBlockIsNil(b); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	cachedHeadRoot, err := s.HeadRoot(ctx)
@@ -214,38 +181,54 @@ func (s *Service) saveHeadNoDB(ctx context.Context, b interfaces.SignedBeaconBlo
 		return nil
 	}

-	s.setHeadInitialSync(r, b.Copy(), hs)
+	bCp, err := b.Copy()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := s.setHeadInitialSync(r, bCp, hs); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not set head")
+	}
 	return nil
 }

 // This sets head view object which is used to track the head slot, root, block and state.
-func (s *Service) setHead(root [32]byte, block interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock, state state.BeaconState) {
+func (s *Service) setHead(root [32]byte, block interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock, state state.BeaconState) error {
 	s.headLock.Lock()
 	defer s.headLock.Unlock()

 	// This does a full copy of the block and state.
+	bCp, err := block.Copy()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	s.head = &head{
 		slot:  block.Block().Slot(),
 		root:  root,
-		block: block.Copy(),
+		block: bCp,
 		state: state.Copy(),
 	}
+	return nil
 }

 // This sets head view object which is used to track the head slot, root, block and state. The method
 // assumes that state being passed into the method will not be modified by any other alternate
 // caller which holds the state's reference.
-func (s *Service) setHeadInitialSync(root [32]byte, block interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock, state state.BeaconState) {
+func (s *Service) setHeadInitialSync(root [32]byte, block interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock, state state.BeaconState) error {
 	s.headLock.Lock()
 	defer s.headLock.Unlock()

 	// This does a full copy of the block only.
+	bCp, err := block.Copy()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	s.head = &head{
 		slot:  block.Block().Slot(),
 		root:  root,
-		block: block.Copy(),
+		block: bCp,
 		state: state,
 	}
+	return nil
 }

 // This returns the head slot.
@@ -268,7 +251,7 @@ func (s *Service) headRoot() [32]byte {
 // This returns the head block.
 // It does a full copy on head block for immutability.
 // This is a lock free version.
-func (s *Service) headBlock() interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock {
+func (s *Service) headBlock() (interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock, error) {
 	return s.head.block.Copy()
 }

@@ -276,7 +259,7 @@ func (s *Service) headBlock() interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock {
 // It does a full copy on head state for immutability.
 // This is a lock free version.
 func (s *Service) headState(ctx context.Context) state.BeaconState {
-	_, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.headState")
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.headState")
 	defer span.End()

 	return s.head.state.Copy()
@@ -367,9 +350,9 @@ func (s *Service) notifyNewHeadEvent(
 // This saves the attestations between `orphanedRoot` and the common ancestor root that is derived using `newHeadRoot`.
 // It also filters out the attestations that is one epoch older as a defense so invalid attestations don't flow into the attestation pool.
 func (s *Service) saveOrphanedAtts(ctx context.Context, orphanedRoot [32]byte, newHeadRoot [32]byte) error {
-	commonAncestorRoot, err := s.ForkChoicer().CommonAncestorRoot(ctx, newHeadRoot, orphanedRoot)
+	commonAncestorRoot, _, err := s.ForkChoicer().CommonAncestor(ctx, newHeadRoot, orphanedRoot)
 	switch {
-	// Exit early if there's no common ancestor as there would be nothing to save.
+	// Exit early if there's no common ancestor and root doesn't exist, there would be nothing to save.
 	case errors.Is(err, forkchoice.ErrUnknownCommonAncestor):
 		return nil
 	case err != nil:
@@ -405,7 +388,8 @@ func (s *Service) saveOrphanedAtts(ctx context.Context, orphanedRoot [32]byte, n
 			}
 			saveOrphanedAttCount.Inc()
 		}
-		orphanedRoot = bytesutil.ToBytes32(orphanedBlk.Block().ParentRoot())
+		parentRoot := orphanedBlk.Block().ParentRoot()
+		orphanedRoot = bytesutil.ToBytes32(parentRoot[:])
 	}
 	return nil
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/head_sync_committee_info.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/head_sync_committee_info.go
@@ -5,17 +5,17 @@ import (
 	"fmt"

 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/async"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/cache"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/altair"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/signing"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/transition"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/async"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/cache"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/altair"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/signing"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/transition"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 )

 // Initialize the state cache for sync committees.
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/head_sync_committee_info_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/head_sync_committee_info_test.go
@@ -4,22 +4,23 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/cache"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/signing"
-	dbtest "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db/testing"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/util"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/cache"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/signing"
+	dbtest "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/db/testing"
+	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/util"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 )

 func TestService_headSyncCommitteeFetcher_Errors(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := dbtest.SetupDB(t)
 	c := &Service{
 		cfg: &config{
-			StateGen: stategen.New(beaconDB),
+			StateGen: stategen.New(beaconDB, doublylinkedtree.New()),
 		},
 	}
 	c.head = &head{}
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ func TestService_HeadDomainFetcher_Errors(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := dbtest.SetupDB(t)
 	c := &Service{
 		cfg: &config{
-			StateGen: stategen.New(beaconDB),
+			StateGen: stategen.New(beaconDB, doublylinkedtree.New()),
 		},
 	}
 	c.head = &head{}
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/head_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/head_test.go
@@ -7,21 +7,21 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"

-	mock "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/blockchain/testing"
-	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db/testing"
-	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/features"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	ethpbv1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/eth/v1"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/assert"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/util"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	mock "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/blockchain/testing"
+	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/db/testing"
+	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/features"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	ethpbv1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/eth/v1"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/assert"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/util"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 	logTest "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 )

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func TestSaveHead_Same(t *testing.T) {

 	r := [32]byte{'A'}
 	service.head = &head{slot: 0, root: r}
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
+	b, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 1)
 	require.NoError(t, service.saveHead(context.Background(), r, b, st))
@@ -44,15 +44,12 @@ func TestSaveHead_Different(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	service := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)

-	util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	oldBlock, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(
-		util.NewBeaconBlock(),
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), oldBlock))
+	oldBlock := util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), service.cfg.BeaconDB, util.NewBeaconBlock())
 	oldRoot, err := oldBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, oldBlock.Block().Slot(), oldRoot, bytesutil.ToBytes32(oldBlock.Block().ParentRoot()), [32]byte{}, 0, 0)
+	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	ofc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, oldBlock.Block().Slot(), oldRoot, oldBlock.Block().ParentRoot(), [32]byte{}, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
 	service.head = &head{
@@ -65,12 +62,14 @@ func TestSaveHead_Different(t *testing.T) {
 	newHeadSignedBlock.Block.Slot = 1
 	newHeadBlock := newHeadSignedBlock.Block

-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(newHeadSignedBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), wsb))
+	wsb := util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), service.cfg.BeaconDB, newHeadSignedBlock)
 	newRoot, err := newHeadBlock.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, wsb.Block().Slot(), newRoot, bytesutil.ToBytes32(wsb.Block().ParentRoot()), [32]byte{}, 0, 0)
+	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, wsb.Block().Slot()-1, wsb.Block().ParentRoot(), service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.CachedHeadRoot(), [32]byte{}, ojc, ofc)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
+
+	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, wsb.Block().Slot(), newRoot, wsb.Block().ParentRoot(), [32]byte{}, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
 	headState, err := util.NewBeaconState()
@@ -85,8 +84,12 @@ func TestSaveHead_Different(t *testing.T) {
 	cachedRoot, err := service.HeadRoot(context.Background())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.DeepEqual(t, cachedRoot, newRoot[:], "Head did not change")
-	assert.DeepEqual(t, newHeadSignedBlock, service.headBlock().Proto(), "Head did not change")
-	assert.DeepSSZEqual(t, headState.CloneInnerState(), service.headState(ctx).CloneInnerState(), "Head did not change")
+	headBlock, err := service.headBlock()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	pb, err := headBlock.Proto()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.DeepEqual(t, newHeadSignedBlock, pb, "Head did not change")
+	assert.DeepSSZEqual(t, headState.ToProto(), service.headState(ctx).ToProto(), "Head did not change")
 }

 func TestSaveHead_Different_Reorg(t *testing.T) {
@@ -95,14 +98,12 @@ func TestSaveHead_Different_Reorg(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	service := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)

-	oldBlock, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(
-		util.NewBeaconBlock(),
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), oldBlock))
+	oldBlock := util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), service.cfg.BeaconDB, util.NewBeaconBlock())
 	oldRoot, err := oldBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, oldBlock.Block().Slot(), oldRoot, bytesutil.ToBytes32(oldBlock.Block().ParentRoot()), [32]byte{}, 0, 0)
+	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	ofc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, oldBlock.Block().Slot(), oldRoot, oldBlock.Block().ParentRoot(), [32]byte{}, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
 	service.head = &head{
@@ -112,17 +113,19 @@ func TestSaveHead_Different_Reorg(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	reorgChainParent := [32]byte{'B'}
+	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 0, reorgChainParent, oldRoot, oldBlock.Block().ParentRoot(), ojc, ofc)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
+
 	newHeadSignedBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	newHeadSignedBlock.Block.Slot = 1
 	newHeadSignedBlock.Block.ParentRoot = reorgChainParent[:]
 	newHeadBlock := newHeadSignedBlock.Block

-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(newHeadSignedBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), wsb))
+	wsb := util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), service.cfg.BeaconDB, newHeadSignedBlock)
 	newRoot, err := newHeadBlock.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, wsb.Block().Slot(), newRoot, bytesutil.ToBytes32(wsb.Block().ParentRoot()), [32]byte{}, 0, 0)
+	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, wsb.Block().Slot(), newRoot, wsb.Block().ParentRoot(), [32]byte{}, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
 	headState, err := util.NewBeaconState()
@@ -139,9 +142,15 @@ func TestSaveHead_Different_Reorg(t *testing.T) {
 	if !bytes.Equal(cachedRoot, newRoot[:]) {
 		t.Error("Head did not change")
 	}
-	assert.DeepEqual(t, newHeadSignedBlock, service.headBlock().Proto(), "Head did not change")
-	assert.DeepSSZEqual(t, headState.CloneInnerState(), service.headState(ctx).CloneInnerState(), "Head did not change")
+	headBlock, err := service.headBlock()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	pb, err := headBlock.Proto()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.DeepEqual(t, newHeadSignedBlock, pb, "Head did not change")
+	assert.DeepSSZEqual(t, headState.ToProto(), service.headState(ctx).ToProto(), "Head did not change")
 	require.LogsContain(t, hook, "Chain reorg occurred")
+	require.LogsContain(t, hook, "distance=1")
+	require.LogsContain(t, hook, "depth=1")
 }

 func TestCacheJustifiedStateBalances_CanCache(t *testing.T) {
@@ -158,26 +167,6 @@ func TestCacheJustifiedStateBalances_CanCache(t *testing.T) {
 	require.DeepEqual(t, balances, state.Balances(), "Incorrect justified balances")
 }

-func TestUpdateHead_MissingJustifiedRoot(t *testing.T) {
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	service := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
-
-	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), wsb))
-	r, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	state, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 1)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(context.Background(), state, r))
-
-	service.store.SetJustifiedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: r[:]}, [32]byte{'a'})
-	service.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{}, [32]byte{'b'})
-	service.store.SetBestJustifiedCheckpt(&ethpb.Checkpoint{})
-	_, err = service.updateHead(context.Background(), []uint64{})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-}
-
 func Test_notifyNewHeadEvent(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("genesis_state_root", func(t *testing.T) {
 		bState, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 10)
@@ -244,62 +233,6 @@ func Test_notifyNewHeadEvent(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }

-func TestSaveOrphanedAtts_NoCommonAncestor(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	service := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
-	service.genesisTime = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(-10*int64(1)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)) * time.Second)
-
-	// Chain setup
-	// 0 -- 1 -- 2 -- 3
-	//    -4
-	st, keys := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 64)
-	blkG, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 0)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blkG)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, b))
-	rG, err := blkG.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	blk1, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 1)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	blk1.Block.ParentRoot = rG[:]
-	r1, err := blk1.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	blk2, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 2)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	blk2.Block.ParentRoot = r1[:]
-	r2, err := blk2.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	blk3, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 3)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	blk3.Block.ParentRoot = r2[:]
-	r3, err := blk3.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	blk4 := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	blk4.Block.Slot = 4
-	r4, err := blk4.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	for _, blk := range []*ethpb.SignedBeaconBlock{blkG, blk1, blk2, blk3, blk4} {
-		r, err := blk.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, blk.Block.Slot, r, bytesutil.ToBytes32(blk.Block.ParentRoot), [32]byte{}, 0, 0)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NoError(t, service.ForkChoicer().InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-		b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, b))
-	}
-
-	require.NoError(t, service.saveOrphanedAtts(ctx, r3, r4))
-	require.Equal(t, 0, service.cfg.AttPool.AggregatedAttestationCount())
-}
-
 func TestSaveOrphanedAtts(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
@@ -312,9 +245,8 @@ func TestSaveOrphanedAtts(t *testing.T) {
 	st, keys := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 64)
 	blkG, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 0)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blkG)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, b))
+
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, service.cfg.BeaconDB, blkG)
 	rG, err := blkG.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

@@ -341,16 +273,16 @@ func TestSaveOrphanedAtts(t *testing.T) {
 	blk4.Block.ParentRoot = rG[:]
 	r4, err := blk4.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	ofc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}

 	for _, blk := range []*ethpb.SignedBeaconBlock{blkG, blk1, blk2, blk3, blk4} {
 		r, err := blk.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, blk.Block.Slot, r, bytesutil.ToBytes32(blk.Block.ParentRoot), [32]byte{}, 0, 0)
+		state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, blk.Block.Slot, r, bytesutil.ToBytes32(blk.Block.ParentRoot), [32]byte{}, ojc, ofc)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.NoError(t, service.ForkChoicer().InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-		b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, b))
+		util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, blk)
 	}

 	require.NoError(t, service.saveOrphanedAtts(ctx, r3, r4))
@@ -379,9 +311,7 @@ func TestSaveOrphanedAtts_CanFilter(t *testing.T) {
 	st, keys := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 64)
 	blkG, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 0)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blkG)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, b))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, service.cfg.BeaconDB, blkG)
 	rG, err := blkG.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

@@ -402,86 +332,25 @@ func TestSaveOrphanedAtts_CanFilter(t *testing.T) {
 	blk4.Block.ParentRoot = rG[:]
 	r4, err := blk4.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	ofc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}

 	for _, blk := range []*ethpb.SignedBeaconBlock{blkG, blk1, blk2, blk4} {
 		r, err := blk.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, blk.Block.Slot, r, bytesutil.ToBytes32(blk.Block.ParentRoot), [32]byte{}, 0, 0)
+		state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, blk.Block.Slot, r, bytesutil.ToBytes32(blk.Block.ParentRoot), [32]byte{}, ojc, ofc)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.NoError(t, service.ForkChoicer().InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-		b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, b))
+		util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, blk)
 	}

 	require.NoError(t, service.saveOrphanedAtts(ctx, r2, r4))
 	require.Equal(t, 0, service.cfg.AttPool.AggregatedAttestationCount())
 }

-func TestSaveOrphanedAtts_NoCommonAncestor_DoublyLinkedTrie(t *testing.T) {
-	resetCfg := features.InitWithReset(&features.Flags{
-		EnableForkChoiceDoublyLinkedTree: true,
-	})
-	defer resetCfg()
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	service := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
-	service.genesisTime = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(-10*int64(1)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)) * time.Second)
-
-	// Chain setup
-	// 0 -- 1 -- 2 -- 3
-	//    -4
-	st, keys := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 64)
-	blkG, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 0)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blkG)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, b))
-	rG, err := blkG.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	blk1, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 1)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	blk1.Block.ParentRoot = rG[:]
-	r1, err := blk1.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	blk2, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 2)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	blk2.Block.ParentRoot = r1[:]
-	r2, err := blk2.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	blk3, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 3)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	blk3.Block.ParentRoot = r2[:]
-	r3, err := blk3.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	blk4 := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	blk4.Block.Slot = 4
-	r4, err := blk4.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	for _, blk := range []*ethpb.SignedBeaconBlock{blkG, blk1, blk2, blk3, blk4} {
-		r, err := blk.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, blk.Block.Slot, r, bytesutil.ToBytes32(blk.Block.ParentRoot), [32]byte{}, 0, 0)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NoError(t, service.ForkChoicer().InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-		b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, b))
-	}
-
-	require.NoError(t, service.saveOrphanedAtts(ctx, r3, r4))
-	require.Equal(t, 0, service.cfg.AttPool.AggregatedAttestationCount())
-}
-
 func TestSaveOrphanedAtts_DoublyLinkedTrie(t *testing.T) {
 	resetCfg := features.InitWithReset(&features.Flags{
-		EnableForkChoiceDoublyLinkedTree: true,
+		DisableForkchoiceDoublyLinkedTree: false,
 	})
 	defer resetCfg()

@@ -496,9 +365,7 @@ func TestSaveOrphanedAtts_DoublyLinkedTrie(t *testing.T) {
 	st, keys := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 64)
 	blkG, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 0)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blkG)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, b))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, service.cfg.BeaconDB, blkG)
 	rG, err := blkG.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

@@ -526,15 +393,15 @@ func TestSaveOrphanedAtts_DoublyLinkedTrie(t *testing.T) {
 	r4, err := blk4.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

+	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	ofc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
 	for _, blk := range []*ethpb.SignedBeaconBlock{blkG, blk1, blk2, blk3, blk4} {
 		r, err := blk.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, blk.Block.Slot, r, bytesutil.ToBytes32(blk.Block.ParentRoot), [32]byte{}, 0, 0)
+		state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, blk.Block.Slot, r, bytesutil.ToBytes32(blk.Block.ParentRoot), [32]byte{}, ojc, ofc)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.NoError(t, service.ForkChoicer().InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-		b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, b))
+		util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, blk)
 	}

 	require.NoError(t, service.saveOrphanedAtts(ctx, r3, r4))
@@ -553,7 +420,7 @@ func TestSaveOrphanedAtts_DoublyLinkedTrie(t *testing.T) {

 func TestSaveOrphanedAtts_CanFilter_DoublyLinkedTrie(t *testing.T) {
 	resetCfg := features.InitWithReset(&features.Flags{
-		EnableForkChoiceDoublyLinkedTree: true,
+		DisableForkchoiceDoublyLinkedTree: false,
 	})
 	defer resetCfg()

@@ -568,9 +435,7 @@ func TestSaveOrphanedAtts_CanFilter_DoublyLinkedTrie(t *testing.T) {
 	st, keys := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 64)
 	blkG, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 0)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blkG)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, b))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, service.cfg.BeaconDB, blkG)
 	rG, err := blkG.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

@@ -592,15 +457,15 @@ func TestSaveOrphanedAtts_CanFilter_DoublyLinkedTrie(t *testing.T) {
 	r4, err := blk4.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

+	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	ofc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
 	for _, blk := range []*ethpb.SignedBeaconBlock{blkG, blk1, blk2, blk4} {
 		r, err := blk.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, blk.Block.Slot, r, bytesutil.ToBytes32(blk.Block.ParentRoot), [32]byte{}, 0, 0)
+		state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, blk.Block.Slot, r, bytesutil.ToBytes32(blk.Block.ParentRoot), [32]byte{}, ojc, ofc)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.NoError(t, service.ForkChoicer().InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-		b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, b))
+		util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, blk)
 	}

 	require.NoError(t, service.saveOrphanedAtts(ctx, r2, r4))
@@ -614,24 +479,24 @@ func TestUpdateHead_noSavedChanges(t *testing.T) {
 	fcs := doublylinkedtree.New()
 	opts := []Option{
 		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
-		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB)),
+		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB, fcs)),
 		WithForkChoiceStore(fcs),
 	}

 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	bellatrixBlk, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlockBellatrix())
+	ojp := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	st, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 0, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, ojp, ojp)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, fcs.InsertNode(ctx, st, blkRoot))
+
+	bellatrixBlk := util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, util.NewBeaconBlockBellatrix())
 	bellatrixBlkRoot, err := bellatrixBlk.Block().HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, bellatrixBlk))
 	fcp := &ethpb.Checkpoint{
 		Root:  bellatrixBlkRoot[:],
 		Epoch: 0,
 	}
-	service.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(fcp, [32]byte{'a'})
-	service.store.SetJustifiedCheckptAndPayloadHash(fcp, [32]byte{'b'})
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, bellatrixBlkRoot))

 	bellatrixState, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisStateBellatrix(t, 2)
@@ -641,10 +506,10 @@ func TestUpdateHead_noSavedChanges(t *testing.T) {
 	headRoot := service.headRoot()
 	require.Equal(t, [32]byte{}, headRoot)

-	st, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 0, bellatrixBlkRoot, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, 0, 0)
+	st, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 0, bellatrixBlkRoot, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, fcp, fcp)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, fcs.InsertNode(ctx, st, blkRoot))
-	newRoot, err := service.updateHead(ctx, []uint64{1, 2})
+	newRoot, err := service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Head(ctx, []uint64{1, 2})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotEqual(t, headRoot, newRoot)
 	require.Equal(t, headRoot, service.headRoot())
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/init_sync_process_block.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/init_sync_process_block.go
@@ -4,15 +4,24 @@ import (
 	"context"

 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/interfaces"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/interfaces"
 )

-// This saves a beacon block to the initial sync blocks cache.
-func (s *Service) saveInitSyncBlock(r [32]byte, b interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock) {
+// This saves a beacon block to the initial sync blocks cache. It rate limits how many blocks
+// the cache keeps in memory (2 epochs worth of blocks) and saves them to DB when it hits this limit.
+func (s *Service) saveInitSyncBlock(ctx context.Context, r [32]byte, b interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock) error {
 	s.initSyncBlocksLock.Lock()
-	defer s.initSyncBlocksLock.Unlock()
 	s.initSyncBlocks[r] = b
+	numBlocks := len(s.initSyncBlocks)
+	s.initSyncBlocksLock.Unlock()
+	if uint64(numBlocks) > initialSyncBlockCacheSize {
+		if err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlocks(ctx, s.getInitSyncBlocks()); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		s.clearInitSyncBlocks()
+	}
+	return nil
 }

 // This checks if a beacon block exists in the initial sync blocks cache using the root
@@ -47,7 +56,7 @@ func (s *Service) getBlock(ctx context.Context, r [32]byte) (interfaces.SignedBe
 			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not retrieve block from db")
 		}
 	}
-	if err := wrapper.BeaconBlockIsNil(b); err != nil {
+	if err := blocks.BeaconBlockIsNil(b); err != nil {
 		return nil, errBlockNotFoundInCacheOrDB
 	}
 	return b, nil
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/init_sync_process_block_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/init_sync_process_block_test.go
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"testing"

-	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db/testing"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/util"
+	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/db/testing"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/util"
 )

 func TestService_getBlock(t *testing.T) {
@@ -27,17 +27,15 @@ func TestService_getBlock(t *testing.T) {
 	require.ErrorIs(t, err, errBlockNotFoundInCacheOrDB)

 	// block in cache
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b1)
+	b, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b1)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	s.saveInitSyncBlock(r1, b)
+	require.NoError(t, s.saveInitSyncBlock(ctx, r1, b))
 	got, err := s.getBlock(ctx, r1)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.DeepEqual(t, b, got)

 	// block in db
-	b, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b2)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, b))
+	b = util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, s.cfg.BeaconDB, b2)
 	got, err = s.getBlock(ctx, r2)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.DeepEqual(t, b, got)
@@ -59,14 +57,12 @@ func TestService_hasBlockInInitSyncOrDB(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, false, s.hasBlockInInitSyncOrDB(ctx, [32]byte{}))

 	// block in cache
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b1)
+	b, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b1)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	s.saveInitSyncBlock(r1, b)
+	require.NoError(t, s.saveInitSyncBlock(ctx, r1, b))
 	require.Equal(t, true, s.hasBlockInInitSyncOrDB(ctx, r1))

 	// block in db
-	b, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b2)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, b))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, s.cfg.BeaconDB, b2)
 	require.Equal(t, true, s.hasBlockInInitSyncOrDB(ctx, r2))
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/init_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/init_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package blockchain

 import (
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
 )

 func init() {
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/log.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/log.go
@@ -5,13 +5,16 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/interfaces"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/runtime/version"
-	prysmTime "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	consensusBlocks "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/runtime/version"
+	prysmTime "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )

@@ -43,12 +46,21 @@ func logStateTransitionData(b interfaces.BeaconBlock) error {
 		log = log.WithField("syncBitsCount", agg.SyncCommitteeBits.Count())
 	}
 	if b.Version() == version.Bellatrix {
-		p, err := b.Body().ExecutionPayload()
+		p, err := b.Body().Execution()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		log = log.WithField("payloadHash", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bytesutil.Trunc(p.BlockHash)))
-		log = log.WithField("txCount", len(p.Transactions))
+		log = log.WithField("payloadHash", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bytesutil.Trunc(p.BlockHash())))
+		txs, err := p.Transactions()
+		switch {
+		case errors.Is(err, consensusBlocks.ErrUnsupportedGetter):
+		case err != nil:
+			return err
+		default:
+			log = log.WithField("txCount", len(txs))
+			txsPerSlotCount.Set(float64(len(txs)))
+		}
+
 	}
 	log.Info("Finished applying state transition")
 	return nil
@@ -60,23 +72,69 @@ func logBlockSyncStatus(block interfaces.BeaconBlock, blockRoot [32]byte, justif
 		return err
 	}
 	level := log.Logger.GetLevel()
-
-	log = log.WithField("slot", block.Slot())
 	if level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
-		log = log.WithField("slotInEpoch", block.Slot()%params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch)
-		log = log.WithField("justifiedEpoch", justified.Epoch)
-		log = log.WithField("justifiedRoot", fmt.Sprintf("0x%s...", hex.EncodeToString(justified.Root)[:8]))
-		log = log.WithField("parentRoot", fmt.Sprintf("0x%s...", hex.EncodeToString(block.ParentRoot())[:8]))
-		log = log.WithField("version", version.String(block.Version()))
-		log = log.WithField("sinceSlotStartTime", prysmTime.Now().Sub(startTime))
-		log = log.WithField("chainServiceProcessedTime", prysmTime.Now().Sub(receivedTime))
+		parentRoot := block.ParentRoot()
+		log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+			"slot":                      block.Slot(),
+			"slotInEpoch":               block.Slot() % params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch,
+			"block":                     fmt.Sprintf("0x%s...", hex.EncodeToString(blockRoot[:])[:8]),
+			"epoch":                     slots.ToEpoch(block.Slot()),
+			"justifiedEpoch":            justified.Epoch,
+			"justifiedRoot":             fmt.Sprintf("0x%s...", hex.EncodeToString(justified.Root)[:8]),
+			"finalizedEpoch":            finalized.Epoch,
+			"finalizedRoot":             fmt.Sprintf("0x%s...", hex.EncodeToString(finalized.Root)[:8]),
+			"parentRoot":                fmt.Sprintf("0x%s...", hex.EncodeToString(parentRoot[:])[:8]),
+			"version":                   version.String(block.Version()),
+			"sinceSlotStartTime":        prysmTime.Now().Sub(startTime),
+			"chainServiceProcessedTime": prysmTime.Now().Sub(receivedTime),
+		}).Debug("Synced new block")
+	} else {
+		log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+			"slot":           block.Slot(),
+			"block":          fmt.Sprintf("0x%s...", hex.EncodeToString(blockRoot[:])[:8]),
+			"finalizedEpoch": finalized.Epoch,
+			"finalizedRoot":  fmt.Sprintf("0x%s...", hex.EncodeToString(finalized.Root)[:8]),
+			"epoch":          slots.ToEpoch(block.Slot()),
+		}).Info("Synced new block")
 	}
-
-	log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-		"block":          fmt.Sprintf("0x%s...", hex.EncodeToString(blockRoot[:])[:8]),
-		"epoch":          slots.ToEpoch(block.Slot()),
-		"finalizedEpoch": finalized.Epoch,
-		"finalizedRoot":  fmt.Sprintf("0x%s...", hex.EncodeToString(finalized.Root)[:8]),
-	}).Info("Synced new block")
+	return nil
+}
+
+// logs payload related data every slot.
+func logPayload(block interfaces.BeaconBlock) error {
+	isExecutionBlk, err := blocks.IsExecutionBlock(block.Body())
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not determine if block is execution block")
+	}
+	if !isExecutionBlk {
+		return nil
+	}
+	payload, err := block.Body().Execution()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if payload.GasLimit() == 0 {
+		return errors.New("gas limit should not be 0")
+	}
+	gasUtilized := float64(payload.GasUsed()) / float64(payload.GasLimit())
+	fields := logrus.Fields{
+		"blockHash":   fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bytesutil.Trunc(payload.BlockHash())),
+		"parentHash":  fmt.Sprintf("%#x", bytesutil.Trunc(payload.ParentHash())),
+		"blockNumber": payload.BlockNumber,
+		"gasUtilized": fmt.Sprintf("%.2f", gasUtilized),
+	}
+	if block.Version() >= version.Capella {
+		withdrawals, err := payload.Withdrawals()
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get withdrawals")
+		}
+		fields["withdrawals"] = len(withdrawals)
+		changes, err := block.Body().BLSToExecutionChanges()
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get BLSToExecutionChanges")
+		}
+		fields["blsToExecutionChanges"] = len(changes)
+	}
+	log.WithFields(fields).Debug("Synced new payload")
 	return nil
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/log_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/log_test.go
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ package blockchain
 import (
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/interfaces"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	enginev1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/engine/v1"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	enginev1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/engine/v1"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
 	logTest "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 )

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ func Test_logStateTransitionData(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	wrappedPayloadBlk, err := wrapper.WrappedBeaconBlock(payloadBlk)
+	wrappedPayloadBlk, err := blocks.NewBeaconBlock(payloadBlk)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	tests := []struct {
 		name string
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func Test_logStateTransitionData(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{name: "empty block body",
 			b: func() interfaces.BeaconBlock {
-				wb, err := wrapper.WrappedBeaconBlock(&ethpb.BeaconBlock{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{}})
+				wb, err := blocks.NewBeaconBlock(&ethpb.BeaconBlock{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{}})
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				return wb
 			},
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func Test_logStateTransitionData(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{name: "has attestation",
 			b: func() interfaces.BeaconBlock {
-				wb, err := wrapper.WrappedBeaconBlock(&ethpb.BeaconBlock{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{Attestations: []*ethpb.Attestation{{}}}})
+				wb, err := blocks.NewBeaconBlock(&ethpb.BeaconBlock{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{Attestations: []*ethpb.Attestation{{}}}})
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				return wb
 			},
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func Test_logStateTransitionData(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{name: "has deposit",
 			b: func() interfaces.BeaconBlock {
-				wb, err := wrapper.WrappedBeaconBlock(
+				wb, err := blocks.NewBeaconBlock(
 					&ethpb.BeaconBlock{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{
 						Attestations: []*ethpb.Attestation{{}},
 						Deposits:     []*ethpb.Deposit{{}}}})
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func Test_logStateTransitionData(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{name: "has attester slashing",
 			b: func() interfaces.BeaconBlock {
-				wb, err := wrapper.WrappedBeaconBlock(&ethpb.BeaconBlock{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{
+				wb, err := blocks.NewBeaconBlock(&ethpb.BeaconBlock{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{
 					AttesterSlashings: []*ethpb.AttesterSlashing{{}}}})
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				return wb
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func Test_logStateTransitionData(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{name: "has proposer slashing",
 			b: func() interfaces.BeaconBlock {
-				wb, err := wrapper.WrappedBeaconBlock(&ethpb.BeaconBlock{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{
+				wb, err := blocks.NewBeaconBlock(&ethpb.BeaconBlock{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{
 					ProposerSlashings: []*ethpb.ProposerSlashing{{}}}})
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				return wb
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func Test_logStateTransitionData(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{name: "has exit",
 			b: func() interfaces.BeaconBlock {
-				wb, err := wrapper.WrappedBeaconBlock(&ethpb.BeaconBlock{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{
+				wb, err := blocks.NewBeaconBlock(&ethpb.BeaconBlock{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{
 					VoluntaryExits: []*ethpb.SignedVoluntaryExit{{}}}})
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				return wb
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func Test_logStateTransitionData(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{name: "has everything",
 			b: func() interfaces.BeaconBlock {
-				wb, err := wrapper.WrappedBeaconBlock(&ethpb.BeaconBlock{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{
+				wb, err := blocks.NewBeaconBlock(&ethpb.BeaconBlock{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{
 					Attestations:      []*ethpb.Attestation{{}},
 					Deposits:          []*ethpb.Deposit{{}},
 					AttesterSlashings: []*ethpb.AttesterSlashing{{}},
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/merge_ascii_art.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/merge_ascii_art.go
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package blockchain
+
+var mergeAsciiArt = `                                                                                                                                                  	                                                                                                                                                      
+		                                                                                                                                                      
+		                                 +?$$$$$$?*;                         ;*?$$$$?*;                         +!$$$$$$?!;                                   
+		                                 !##$???$@##$+                      !&#@$??$&#@*                      +@#&$????$##+                                   
+		                                 !##;     +@#&;                    !##*     ;$##*                     @#$      ;&#+                                   
+		                                 !##;      !##+                   ;##$        @#@                     $#&*      ++;                                   
+		                                 !##;     ;@#&;                   *##*        ?##;                    ;$##&$!+;                                       
+		                                 !##?!!!?$##$+                    !##+        !##+                      ;!$@##&$!;                                    
+		                                 !##@@@@$$!+                      *##*        ?##;                          ;*?@#&!                                   
+		                                 !##;                             ;##$        @#@                    ;?$;       ?##+                                  
+		                                 !##;                              ?##!     ;?##+                    ;##+      ;$#&;                                  
+		                                 !##;                               !&#&$??$&#@*                     ;&#&$$??$$&#@+                                   
+		                                 +??;                                ;*?$$$$?+                        ;+!?$$$$$!+                                     
+		                                                                                                ;;;;                                                  
+		                                      ;+!??$$$?!*+;                                       ;*?$@&&&&&@@$!*;                                            
+		                                   *?@############&$?+                                 ;!@###############&$!;                                         
+		                                ;!@####&@$????$$@#####@!                             ;?&####$?*++;++*!?@####&?;                                       
+		                               *@###&$*;         ;*$&###@*                          *&###@!;            ;!@###&!                                      
+		                              !###&!;               ;?&###?                        *####!                  *&###?                                     
+		                             !###@+                   ;$###$                      +###&+                    ;$###?                                    
+		                            ;###&;                      $###?   ;;+*!??$$$$$$$$??!$###*                      ;@###*                                   
+		                            !###!                        &###?$@&#####################@$?!+;                  +###$                                   
+		                            $###+                     ;*?&#################################&$?*;               &##&;                                  
+		                            $###+                  ;!$&########################################&$!;            &###;                                  
+		                            *###?               ;!$################################################$*;        +###@                                   
+		                            ;@###+            +$&####################################################&?;      $###!                                   
+		                             +###&+         *$##########################################################$+  ;$###$;                                   
+		                              *&###?;     +$##############################################################?*@###$;                                    
+		                               +$###&?+ ;$#####################################################################?;                                     
+		                                 *@####@&#####################################################################*                                       
+		                                   +$&##################@?!*++*!$&###################&$?*++*!?$###############&*                                      
+		                                     $###############&?+         ;!@###############@!;         ;!@##############!                                     
+		                                   ;$##############&!;              *&###########&!;              !&#############!                                    
+		                                   $##############@+    +@*          ;$#########$;          +@*    ;$#############!                                   
+		                                  ?##############$;    *###*           $#######$;          +&##!     ?#############+                                  
+		                                 +##############$     !#####!           $#####@;          *#####?     ?############@;                                 
+		                                 @#############@;    !#######!          ;&####+          *#######?     $############?                                 
+		                                +##############+    ?#########?          $###$          !#########$    +############&;                                
+		                                $#############$   ;$###########?         !###?         !###########$;   $############!                                
+		                                @#############*   !#############!        ?###$        *#############?   +############@                                
+		                               ;&############&;    +?@#######&$+;       ;&####;       ;+?@#######&?+;    @############;                               
+		                               ;#############@        +$&#&$*;         ;$#####@;          +$&#&$*;       $############+                               
+		                               ;#############$    *+    ;+;   ;*;     *&#######&!     ;*;   ;+;    +*;   $############*                               
+		                                &############@    ;$@!;     +$@!    ;?###########$;    *@$*     ;*$@+    $############*                               
+		                                $############&;    ;$#&$*+!@##*    +@#############@+    +&#@?++$&#@;     @############+                               
+		                                *#############*      $######&+    !#################?    +@######$;     +#############;                               
+		                                 @############$       ?####@+   ;$###################$;   ;@####$       $############@                                
+		                                 *#############*       !##@;   +@#####################&*   ;$##?       +#############!                                
+		                                  $#############+       *$;   ?#########################?;   $!       +&############&;                                
+		                                  ;&#############!          +$###########################@+          *&#############?                                 
+		                                   +##############$*;     ;?###############################$+      *$##############@;                                 
+		                                    *###############&$?!!$###################################$?!?$&################+                                  
+		                                     *###################################&@$$$$@&#################################!                                   
+		                                      +&##############################&?+;      ;+?&#############################?                                    
+		                                       ;$############################@;            ;@###########################!                                     
+		                                         ?###########################*              *##########################*                                      
+		                                          +@#############&$!+$#######?              ?########$+!$&###########@+                                       
+		                                            !&###########&;   $#######$+          +$########?   +&##########?;                                        
+		                                             ;?###########&*   *@#######@$!;   ;$@########@*   *##########$+                                          
+		                                               ;?&##########?;  ;*$&####&$*    ;!$&####&$*   ;$#########@*                                            
+		                                                 ;!@#########@!;   ;++*+;   ;*;   ;+*++;   ;!&########$*                                              
+		                                                    *$&########&$*;      ;*$&#&$*;      +*$&#######&?+                                                
+		                                                      ;*$&#########&@$$@&#########&@$$@&########&$*;                                                  
+		                                                         ;+?$&##############################&$?+;                                                     
+		                                                             ;+!?$@&###################&$$!+;                                                         
+		                                                                   ;++*!??$$$$$$$?!!*+;                                                               
+		                                                                                                                                                      
+		                  ;;;           ;;+*++;   ;;;++;;;++;;;  ;+++;;;++++; ;;;         ;;      ;;;      ;;;++;;;+++;;   ;;;+++++++;   ;+++++;              
+		                 ;@#&+        +$&&@$@&#?  @#@@@&#&@@@#$ ;$@@@@#&@@@@! !#@        !#$     +&#&;     !#&@@@#&@@@&&;  !#&@@@@@@@*   $#&@@@&&$+           
+		                 $#?#@;      ?#&!;   *#$  &&;;;$#!;;*#$   ;;;*#@;;;;   $#?      +#&;    ;@#?#$     !#!;;*#@;;;@#;  ?#$;;;;;;;    @#*   ;!&#?          
+		                *#$ ?#$     *#&;     ;+;  ++   $#!  ;+;      *#$       ;&#+     $#*     ?#? $#!    ;+;  +#@   ++   ?#$           $#*     ;&#*         
+		               ;&&;  @#*    $#$                $#!           *#$        !#@;   !#$     +#@  ;&#;        +#@        ?#@??????!    $#*      $#$         
+		               $#!;;;*#&;   $#?                $#!           *#$         $#?  ;&&;    ;@#*;;;!#$        +#@        ?#@??????!    $#*      $#$         
+		              !##@@@@@&#$   !#@;               $#!           *#$         ;&#+ $#*     ?#&@@@@@##!       +#@        ?#$           $#*      @#*         
+		             ;&&+;;;;;;@#*  ;$#$+     @$       $#!           *#$          *#@!#?     *#@;;;;;;+##+      +#@        ?#$           $#*    +$#$          
+		             $#*       +#&;  ;?&#@$$$$#$    +$$&#@$$;   ;$$$$@##$$$$*      $##@;    ;&#+       !#@;   $$@##$$*     ?#&$$$$$$$!   @#@$$$@&@!           
+		            ;**         +*;     +*!?!*+;    ;*******    ;***********+      ;**;     ;*+         **;   *******+     ;*********+   +*!!!!*;             
+		                                                                                                                                                      	                                                                                                                                                      
+`
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/metrics.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/metrics.go
@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promauto"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/altair"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/epoch/precompute"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/interfaces"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/runtime/version"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/altair"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/epoch/precompute"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/runtime/version"
 )

 var (
@@ -158,10 +158,61 @@ var (
 		Name: "forkchoice_updated_optimistic_node_count",
 		Help: "Count the number of optimistic nodes after forkchoiceUpdated EE call",
 	})
+	forkchoiceUpdatedInvalidNodeCount = promauto.NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{
+		Name: "forkchoice_updated_invalid_node_count",
+		Help: "Count the number of invalid nodes after forkchoiceUpdated EE call",
+	})
+	txsPerSlotCount = promauto.NewGauge(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
+		Name: "txs_per_slot_count",
+		Help: "Count the number of txs per slot",
+	})
 	missedPayloadIDFilledCount = promauto.NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{
 		Name: "missed_payload_id_filled_count",
 		Help: "",
 	})
+	onBlockProcessingTime = promauto.NewSummary(prometheus.SummaryOpts{
+		Name: "on_block_processing_milliseconds",
+		Help: "Total time in milliseconds to complete a call to onBlock()",
+	})
+	stateTransitionProcessingTime = promauto.NewSummary(prometheus.SummaryOpts{
+		Name: "state_transition_processing_milliseconds",
+		Help: "Total time to call a state transition in onBlock()",
+	})
+	processAttsElapsedTime = promauto.NewHistogram(
+		prometheus.HistogramOpts{
+			Name:    "process_attestations_milliseconds",
+			Help:    "Captures latency for process attestations (forkchoice) in milliseconds",
+			Buckets: []float64{1, 5, 20, 100, 500, 1000},
+		},
+	)
+	newAttHeadElapsedTime = promauto.NewHistogram(
+		prometheus.HistogramOpts{
+			Name:    "new_att_head_milliseconds",
+			Help:    "Captures latency for new attestation head in milliseconds",
+			Buckets: []float64{1, 5, 20, 100, 500, 1000},
+		},
+	)
+	newBlockHeadElapsedTime = promauto.NewHistogram(
+		prometheus.HistogramOpts{
+			Name:    "new_block_head_milliseconds",
+			Help:    "Captures latency for new block head in milliseconds",
+			Buckets: []float64{1, 5, 20, 100, 500, 1000},
+		},
+	)
+	reorgDistance = promauto.NewHistogram(
+		prometheus.HistogramOpts{
+			Name:    "reorg_distance",
+			Help:    "Captures distance of reorgs. Distance is defined as the number of blocks between the old head and the new head",
+			Buckets: []float64{1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64},
+		},
+	)
+	reorgDepth = promauto.NewHistogram(
+		prometheus.HistogramOpts{
+			Name:    "reorg_depth",
+			Help:    "Captures depth of reorgs. Depth is defined as the number of blocks between the head and the common ancestor",
+			Buckets: []float64{1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32},
+		},
+	)
 )

 // reportSlotMetrics reports slot related metrics.
@@ -198,7 +249,7 @@ func reportEpochMetrics(ctx context.Context, postState, headState state.BeaconSt
 	for i, validator := range postState.Validators() {
 		bal, err := postState.BalanceAtIndex(types.ValidatorIndex(i))
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("Could not load validator balance: %v", err)
+			log.WithError(err).Error("Could not load validator balance")
 			continue
 		}
 		if validator.Slashed {
@@ -277,7 +328,7 @@ func reportEpochMetrics(ctx context.Context, postState, headState state.BeaconSt
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-	case version.Altair, version.Bellatrix:
+	case version.Altair, version.Bellatrix, version.Capella:
 		v, b, err = altair.InitializePrecomputeValidators(ctx, headState)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -287,7 +338,7 @@ func reportEpochMetrics(ctx context.Context, postState, headState state.BeaconSt
 			return err
 		}
 	default:
-		return errors.Errorf("invalid state type provided: %T", headState.InnerStateUnsafe())
+		return errors.Errorf("invalid state type provided: %T", headState.ToProtoUnsafe())
 	}
 	prevEpochActiveBalances.Set(float64(b.ActivePrevEpoch))
 	prevEpochSourceBalances.Set(float64(b.PrevEpochAttested))
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/metrics_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/metrics_test.go
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"testing"

-	eth "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/util"
+	eth "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/util"
 )

 func TestReportEpochMetrics_BadHeadState(t *testing.T) {
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/mock_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/mock_test.go
@@ -5,18 +5,18 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"testing"

-	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db/testing"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/protoarray"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
+	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/db/testing"
+	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
 )

 func testServiceOptsWithDB(t *testing.T) []Option {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	fcs := protoarray.New()
+	fcs := doublylinkedtree.New()
 	return []Option{
 		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
-		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB)),
+		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB, fcs)),
 		WithForkChoiceStore(fcs),
 	}
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/new_slot.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/new_slot.go
@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-package blockchain
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	forkchoicetypes "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
-)
-
-// NewSlot mimics the implementation of `on_tick` in fork choice consensus spec.
-// It resets the proposer boost root in fork choice, and it updates store's justified checkpoint
-// if a better checkpoint on the store's finalized checkpoint chain.
-// This should only be called at the start of every slot interval.
-//
-// Spec pseudocode definition:
-//    # Reset store.proposer_boost_root if this is a new slot
-//    if current_slot > previous_slot:
-//        store.proposer_boost_root = Root()
-//
-//    # Not a new epoch, return
-//    if not (current_slot > previous_slot and compute_slots_since_epoch_start(current_slot) == 0):
-//        return
-//
-//    # Update store.justified_checkpoint if a better checkpoint on the store.finalized_checkpoint chain
-//    if store.best_justified_checkpoint.epoch > store.justified_checkpoint.epoch:
-//        finalized_slot = compute_start_slot_at_epoch(store.finalized_checkpoint.epoch)
-//        ancestor_at_finalized_slot = get_ancestor(store, store.best_justified_checkpoint.root, finalized_slot)
-//        if ancestor_at_finalized_slot == store.finalized_checkpoint.root:
-//            store.justified_checkpoint = store.best_justified_checkpoint
-func (s *Service) NewSlot(ctx context.Context, slot types.Slot) error {
-	// Reset proposer boost root in fork choice.
-	if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.ResetBoostedProposerRoot(ctx); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not reset boosted proposer root in fork choice")
-	}
-
-	// Return if it's not a new epoch.
-	if !slots.IsEpochStart(slot) {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Update store.justified_checkpoint if a better checkpoint on the store.finalized_checkpoint chain
-	bj, err := s.store.BestJustifiedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get best justified checkpoint")
-	}
-	j, err := s.store.JustifiedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get justified checkpoint")
-	}
-	f, err := s.store.FinalizedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get finalized checkpoint")
-	}
-	if bj.Epoch > j.Epoch {
-		finalizedSlot, err := slots.EpochStart(f.Epoch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		r, err := s.ancestor(ctx, bj.Root, finalizedSlot)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if bytes.Equal(r, f.Root) {
-			h, err := s.getPayloadHash(ctx, bj.Root)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			s.store.SetJustifiedCheckptAndPayloadHash(bj, h)
-			if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.UpdateJustifiedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{
-				Epoch: bj.Epoch, Root: bytesutil.ToBytes32(bj.Root)}); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-
-}
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/new_slot_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/new_slot_test.go
@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
-package blockchain
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/blockchain/store"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
-	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db/testing"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/protoarray"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/assert"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
-)
-
-func TestService_newSlot(t *testing.T) {
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	fcs := protoarray.New()
-	opts := []Option{
-		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
-		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB)),
-		WithForkChoiceStore(fcs),
-	}
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	genesisStateRoot := [32]byte{}
-	genesis := blocks.NewGenesisBlock(genesisStateRoot[:])
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(genesis)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
-	bj, err := genesis.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 0, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, 0, 0)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, fcs.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot)) // genesis
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 32, [32]byte{'a'}, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, 0, 0)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, fcs.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot)) // finalized
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 64, [32]byte{'b'}, [32]byte{'a'}, [32]byte{}, 0, 0)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, fcs.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot)) // justified
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 96, bj, [32]byte{'a'}, [32]byte{}, 0, 0)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, fcs.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot)) // best justified
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 97, [32]byte{'d'}, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, 0, 0)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, fcs.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot)) // bad
-
-	type args struct {
-		slot          types.Slot
-		finalized     *ethpb.Checkpoint
-		justified     *ethpb.Checkpoint
-		bestJustified *ethpb.Checkpoint
-		shouldEqual   bool
-	}
-	tests := []struct {
-		name string
-		args args
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "Not epoch boundary. No change",
-			args: args{
-				slot:          params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch + 1,
-				finalized:     &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 1, Root: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'a'}, 32)},
-				justified:     &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 2, Root: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'b'}, 32)},
-				bestJustified: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 3, Root: bj[:]},
-				shouldEqual:   false,
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "Justified higher than best justified. No change",
-			args: args{
-				slot:          params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch,
-				finalized:     &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 1, Root: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'a'}, 32)},
-				justified:     &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 3, Root: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'b'}, 32)},
-				bestJustified: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 2, Root: bj[:]},
-				shouldEqual:   false,
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "Best justified not on the same chain as finalized. No change",
-			args: args{
-				slot:          params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch,
-				finalized:     &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 1, Root: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'a'}, 32)},
-				justified:     &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 2, Root: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'b'}, 32)},
-				bestJustified: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 3, Root: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'d'}, 32)},
-				shouldEqual:   false,
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "Best justified on the same chain as finalized. Yes change",
-			args: args{
-				slot:          params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch,
-				finalized:     &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 1, Root: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'a'}, 32)},
-				justified:     &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 2, Root: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'b'}, 32)},
-				bestJustified: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 3, Root: bj[:]},
-				shouldEqual:   true,
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		s := store.New(test.args.justified, test.args.finalized)
-		s.SetBestJustifiedCheckpt(test.args.bestJustified)
-		service.store = s
-
-		require.NoError(t, service.NewSlot(ctx, test.args.slot))
-		if test.args.shouldEqual {
-			bcp, err := service.store.BestJustifiedCheckpt()
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			cp, err := service.store.JustifiedCheckpt()
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			require.DeepSSZEqual(t, bcp, cp)
-		} else {
-			bcp, err := service.store.BestJustifiedCheckpt()
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			cp, err := service.store.JustifiedCheckpt()
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			require.DeepNotSSZEqual(t, bcp, cp)
-		}
-	}
-}
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/options.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/options.go
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
 package blockchain

 import (
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/async/event"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/cache"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/cache/depositcache"
-	statefeed "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/operations/attestations"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/operations/slashings"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/operations/voluntaryexits"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/p2p"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/powchain"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/async/event"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/cache"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/cache/depositcache"
+	statefeed "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/db"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/execution"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/operations/attestations"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/operations/blstoexec"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/operations/slashings"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/operations/voluntaryexits"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/p2p"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 )

 type Option func(s *Service) error
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ func WithDatabase(beaconDB db.HeadAccessDatabase) Option {
 }

 // WithChainStartFetcher to retrieve information about genesis.
-func WithChainStartFetcher(f powchain.ChainStartFetcher) Option {
+func WithChainStartFetcher(f execution.ChainStartFetcher) Option {
 	return func(s *Service) error {
 		s.cfg.ChainStartFetcher = f
 		return nil
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ func WithChainStartFetcher(f powchain.ChainStartFetcher) Option {
 }

 // WithExecutionEngineCaller to call execution engine.
-func WithExecutionEngineCaller(c powchain.EngineCaller) Option {
+func WithExecutionEngineCaller(c execution.EngineCaller) Option {
 	return func(s *Service) error {
 		s.cfg.ExecutionEngineCaller = c
 		return nil
@@ -99,6 +100,14 @@ func WithSlashingPool(p slashings.PoolManager) Option {
 	}
 }

+// WithBLSToExecPool to keep track of BLS to Execution address changes.
+func WithBLSToExecPool(p blstoexec.PoolManager) Option {
+	return func(s *Service) error {
+		s.cfg.BLSToExecPool = p
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
 // WithP2PBroadcaster to broadcast messages after appropriate processing.
 func WithP2PBroadcaster(p p2p.Broadcaster) Option {
 	return func(s *Service) error {
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/pow_block.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/pow_block.go
@@ -10,48 +10,48 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/interfaces"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	enginev1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/engine/v1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )

 // validateMergeBlock validates terminal block hash in the event of manual overrides before checking for total difficulty.
 //
 // def validate_merge_block(block: BeaconBlock) -> None:
-//    if TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH != Hash32():
-//        # If `TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH` is used as an override, the activation epoch must be reached.
-//        assert compute_epoch_at_slot(block.slot) >= TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH_ACTIVATION_EPOCH
-//        assert block.body.execution_payload.parent_hash == TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH
-//        return
 //
-//    pow_block = get_pow_block(block.body.execution_payload.parent_hash)
-//    # Check if `pow_block` is available
-//    assert pow_block is not None
-//    pow_parent = get_pow_block(pow_block.parent_hash)
-//    # Check if `pow_parent` is available
-//    assert pow_parent is not None
-//    # Check if `pow_block` is a valid terminal PoW block
-//    assert is_valid_terminal_pow_block(pow_block, pow_parent)
+//	if TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH != Hash32():
+//	    # If `TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH` is used as an override, the activation epoch must be reached.
+//	    assert compute_epoch_at_slot(block.slot) >= TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH_ACTIVATION_EPOCH
+//	    assert block.body.execution_payload.parent_hash == TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH
+//	    return
+//
+//	pow_block = get_pow_block(block.body.execution_payload.parent_hash)
+//	# Check if `pow_block` is available
+//	assert pow_block is not None
+//	pow_parent = get_pow_block(pow_block.parent_hash)
+//	# Check if `pow_parent` is available
+//	assert pow_parent is not None
+//	# Check if `pow_block` is a valid terminal PoW block
+//	assert is_valid_terminal_pow_block(pow_block, pow_parent)
 func (s *Service) validateMergeBlock(ctx context.Context, b interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock) error {
-	if err := wrapper.BeaconBlockIsNil(b); err != nil {
+	if err := blocks.BeaconBlockIsNil(b); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	payload, err := b.Block().Body().ExecutionPayload()
+	payload, err := b.Block().Body().Execution()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if payload == nil {
+	if payload.IsNil() {
 		return errors.New("nil execution payload")
 	}
 	if err := validateTerminalBlockHash(b.Block().Slot(), payload); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not validate terminal block hash")
 	}
-	mergeBlockParentHash, mergeBlockTD, err := s.getBlkParentHashAndTD(ctx, payload.ParentHash)
+	mergeBlockParentHash, mergeBlockTD, err := s.getBlkParentHashAndTD(ctx, payload.ParentHash())
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get merge block parent hash and total difficulty")
 	}
@@ -66,24 +66,26 @@ func (s *Service) validateMergeBlock(ctx context.Context, b interfaces.SignedBea
 	if !valid {
 		err := fmt.Errorf("invalid TTD, configTTD: %s, currentTTD: %s, parentTTD: %s",
 			params.BeaconConfig().TerminalTotalDifficulty, mergeBlockTD, mergeBlockParentTD)
-		return invalidBlock{err}
+		return invalidBlock{error: err}
 	}

 	log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
 		"slot":                            b.Block().Slot(),
-		"mergeBlockHash":                  common.BytesToHash(payload.ParentHash).String(),
+		"mergeBlockHash":                  common.BytesToHash(payload.ParentHash()).String(),
 		"mergeBlockParentHash":            common.BytesToHash(mergeBlockParentHash).String(),
 		"terminalTotalDifficulty":         params.BeaconConfig().TerminalTotalDifficulty,
 		"mergeBlockTotalDifficulty":       mergeBlockTD,
 		"mergeBlockParentTotalDifficulty": mergeBlockParentTD,
 	}).Info("Validated terminal block")

+	log.Info(mergeAsciiArt)
+
 	return nil
 }

 // getBlkParentHashAndTD retrieves the parent hash and total difficulty of the given block.
 func (s *Service) getBlkParentHashAndTD(ctx context.Context, blkHash []byte) ([]byte, *uint256.Int, error) {
-	blk, err := s.cfg.ExecutionEngineCaller.ExecutionBlockByHash(ctx, common.BytesToHash(blkHash))
+	blk, err := s.cfg.ExecutionEngineCaller.ExecutionBlockByHash(ctx, common.BytesToHash(blkHash), false /* no txs */)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not get pow block")
 	}
@@ -98,24 +100,25 @@ func (s *Service) getBlkParentHashAndTD(ctx context.Context, blkHash []byte) ([]
 	if overflows {
 		return nil, nil, errors.New("total difficulty overflows")
 	}
-	return blk.ParentHash, blkTDUint256, nil
+	return blk.ParentHash[:], blkTDUint256, nil
 }

 // validateTerminalBlockHash validates if the merge block is a valid terminal PoW block.
 // spec code:
 // if TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH != Hash32():
-//        # If `TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH` is used as an override, the activation epoch must be reached.
-//        assert compute_epoch_at_slot(block.slot) >= TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH_ACTIVATION_EPOCH
-//        assert block.body.execution_payload.parent_hash == TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH
-//        return
-func validateTerminalBlockHash(blkSlot types.Slot, payload *enginev1.ExecutionPayload) error {
+//
+//	# If `TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH` is used as an override, the activation epoch must be reached.
+//	assert compute_epoch_at_slot(block.slot) >= TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH_ACTIVATION_EPOCH
+//	assert block.body.execution_payload.parent_hash == TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH
+//	return
+func validateTerminalBlockHash(blkSlot types.Slot, payload interfaces.ExecutionData) error {
 	if bytesutil.ToBytes32(params.BeaconConfig().TerminalBlockHash.Bytes()) == [32]byte{} {
 		return nil
 	}
 	if params.BeaconConfig().TerminalBlockHashActivationEpoch > slots.ToEpoch(blkSlot) {
 		return errors.New("terminal block hash activation epoch not reached")
 	}
-	if !bytes.Equal(payload.ParentHash, params.BeaconConfig().TerminalBlockHash.Bytes()) {
+	if !bytes.Equal(payload.ParentHash(), params.BeaconConfig().TerminalBlockHash.Bytes()) {
 		return errors.New("parent hash does not match terminal block hash")
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -124,9 +127,10 @@ func validateTerminalBlockHash(blkSlot types.Slot, payload *enginev1.ExecutionPa
 // validateTerminalBlockDifficulties validates terminal pow block by comparing own total difficulty with parent's total difficulty.
 //
 // def is_valid_terminal_pow_block(block: PowBlock, parent: PowBlock) -> bool:
-//    is_total_difficulty_reached = block.total_difficulty >= TERMINAL_TOTAL_DIFFICULTY
-//    is_parent_total_difficulty_valid = parent.total_difficulty < TERMINAL_TOTAL_DIFFICULTY
-//    return is_total_difficulty_reached and is_parent_total_difficulty_valid
+//
+//	is_total_difficulty_reached = block.total_difficulty >= TERMINAL_TOTAL_DIFFICULTY
+//	is_parent_total_difficulty_valid = parent.total_difficulty < TERMINAL_TOTAL_DIFFICULTY
+//	return is_total_difficulty_reached and is_parent_total_difficulty_valid
 func validateTerminalBlockDifficulties(currentDifficulty *uint256.Int, parentDifficulty *uint256.Int) (bool, error) {
 	b, ok := new(big.Int).SetString(params.BeaconConfig().TerminalTotalDifficulty, 10)
 	if !ok {
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/pow_block_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/pow_block_test.go
@@ -6,18 +6,18 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 	"testing"

+	gethtypes "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
-	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db/testing"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/protoarray"
-	mocks "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/powchain/testing"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
-	fieldparams "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/fieldparams"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	enginev1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/engine/v1"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
+	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/db/testing"
+	mocks "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/execution/testing"
+	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	enginev1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/engine/v1"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
 )

 func Test_validTerminalPowBlock(t *testing.T) {
@@ -109,10 +109,10 @@ func Test_validateMergeBlock(t *testing.T) {

 	ctx := context.Background()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	fcs := protoarray.New()
+	fcs := doublylinkedtree.New()
 	opts := []Option{
 		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
-		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB)),
+		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB, fcs)),
 		WithForkChoiceStore(fcs),
 	}
 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
@@ -120,12 +120,19 @@ func Test_validateMergeBlock(t *testing.T) {

 	engine := &mocks.EngineClient{BlockByHashMap: map[[32]byte]*enginev1.ExecutionBlock{}}
 	service.cfg.ExecutionEngineCaller = engine
-	engine.BlockByHashMap[[32]byte{'a'}] = &enginev1.ExecutionBlock{
-		ParentHash:      bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'b'}, fieldparams.RootLength),
+	a := [32]byte{'a'}
+	b := [32]byte{'b'}
+	mergeBlockParentHash := [32]byte{'3'}
+	engine.BlockByHashMap[a] = &enginev1.ExecutionBlock{
+		Header: gethtypes.Header{
+			ParentHash: b,
+		},
 		TotalDifficulty: "0x2",
 	}
-	engine.BlockByHashMap[[32]byte{'b'}] = &enginev1.ExecutionBlock{
-		ParentHash:      bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'3'}, fieldparams.RootLength),
+	engine.BlockByHashMap[b] = &enginev1.ExecutionBlock{
+		Header: gethtypes.Header{
+			ParentHash: mergeBlockParentHash,
+		},
 		TotalDifficulty: "0x1",
 	}
 	blk := &ethpb.SignedBeaconBlockBellatrix{
@@ -133,18 +140,18 @@ func Test_validateMergeBlock(t *testing.T) {
 			Slot: 1,
 			Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBodyBellatrix{
 				ExecutionPayload: &enginev1.ExecutionPayload{
-					ParentHash: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'a'}, fieldparams.RootLength),
+					ParentHash: a[:],
 				},
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
+	bk, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.validateMergeBlock(ctx, b))
+	require.NoError(t, service.validateMergeBlock(ctx, bk))

 	cfg.TerminalTotalDifficulty = "1"
 	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(cfg)
-	err = service.validateMergeBlock(ctx, b)
+	err = service.validateMergeBlock(ctx, bk)
 	require.ErrorContains(t, "invalid TTD, configTTD: 1, currentTTD: 2, parentTTD: 1", err)
 	require.Equal(t, true, IsInvalidBlock(err))
 }
@@ -152,10 +159,10 @@ func Test_validateMergeBlock(t *testing.T) {
 func Test_getBlkParentHashAndTD(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	fcs := protoarray.New()
+	fcs := doublylinkedtree.New()
 	opts := []Option{
 		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
-		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB)),
+		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB, fcs)),
 		WithForkChoiceStore(fcs),
 	}
 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
@@ -167,7 +174,9 @@ func Test_getBlkParentHashAndTD(t *testing.T) {
 	p := [32]byte{'b'}
 	td := "0x1"
 	engine.BlockByHashMap[h] = &enginev1.ExecutionBlock{
-		ParentHash:      p[:],
+		Header: gethtypes.Header{
+			ParentHash: p,
+		},
 		TotalDifficulty: td,
 	}
 	parentHash, totalDifficulty, err := service.getBlkParentHashAndTD(ctx, h[:])
@@ -183,14 +192,18 @@ func Test_getBlkParentHashAndTD(t *testing.T) {
 	require.ErrorContains(t, "pow block is nil", err)

 	engine.BlockByHashMap[h] = &enginev1.ExecutionBlock{
-		ParentHash:      p[:],
+		Header: gethtypes.Header{
+			ParentHash: p,
+		},
 		TotalDifficulty: "1",
 	}
 	_, _, err = service.getBlkParentHashAndTD(ctx, h[:])
 	require.ErrorContains(t, "could not decode merge block total difficulty: hex string without 0x prefix", err)

 	engine.BlockByHashMap[h] = &enginev1.ExecutionBlock{
-		ParentHash:      p[:],
+		Header: gethtypes.Header{
+			ParentHash: p,
+		},
 		TotalDifficulty: "0XFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF",
 	}
 	_, _, err = service.getBlkParentHashAndTD(ctx, h[:])
@@ -198,16 +211,22 @@ func Test_getBlkParentHashAndTD(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func Test_validateTerminalBlockHash(t *testing.T) {
-	require.NoError(t, validateTerminalBlockHash(1, &enginev1.ExecutionPayload{}))
+	wrapped, err := blocks.WrappedExecutionPayload(&enginev1.ExecutionPayload{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, validateTerminalBlockHash(1, wrapped))

 	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
 	cfg.TerminalBlockHash = [32]byte{0x01}
 	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(cfg)
-	require.ErrorContains(t, "terminal block hash activation epoch not reached", validateTerminalBlockHash(1, &enginev1.ExecutionPayload{}))
+	require.ErrorContains(t, "terminal block hash activation epoch not reached", validateTerminalBlockHash(1, wrapped))

 	cfg.TerminalBlockHashActivationEpoch = 0
 	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(cfg)
-	require.ErrorContains(t, "parent hash does not match terminal block hash", validateTerminalBlockHash(1, &enginev1.ExecutionPayload{}))
+	require.ErrorContains(t, "parent hash does not match terminal block hash", validateTerminalBlockHash(1, wrapped))

-	require.NoError(t, validateTerminalBlockHash(1, &enginev1.ExecutionPayload{ParentHash: cfg.TerminalBlockHash.Bytes()}))
+	wrapped, err = blocks.WrappedExecutionPayload(&enginev1.ExecutionPayload{
+		ParentHash: cfg.TerminalBlockHash.Bytes(),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, validateTerminalBlockHash(1, wrapped))
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_attestation.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_attestation.go
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1/attestation"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1/attestation"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )

@@ -19,23 +19,24 @@ import (
 // The delay is handled by the caller in `processAttestations`.
 //
 // Spec pseudocode definition:
-//   def on_attestation(store: Store, attestation: Attestation) -> None:
-//    """
-//    Run ``on_attestation`` upon receiving a new ``attestation`` from either within a block or directly on the wire.
 //
-//    An ``attestation`` that is asserted as invalid may be valid at a later time,
-//    consider scheduling it for later processing in such case.
-//    """
-//    validate_on_attestation(store, attestation)
-//    store_target_checkpoint_state(store, attestation.data.target)
+//	def on_attestation(store: Store, attestation: Attestation) -> None:
+//	 """
+//	 Run ``on_attestation`` upon receiving a new ``attestation`` from either within a block or directly on the wire.
 //
-//    # Get state at the `target` to fully validate attestation
-//    target_state = store.checkpoint_states[attestation.data.target]
-//    indexed_attestation = get_indexed_attestation(target_state, attestation)
-//    assert is_valid_indexed_attestation(target_state, indexed_attestation)
+//	 An ``attestation`` that is asserted as invalid may be valid at a later time,
+//	 consider scheduling it for later processing in such case.
+//	 """
+//	 validate_on_attestation(store, attestation)
+//	 store_target_checkpoint_state(store, attestation.data.target)
 //
-//    # Update latest messages for attesting indices
-//    update_latest_messages(store, indexed_attestation.attesting_indices, attestation)
+//	 # Get state at the `target` to fully validate attestation
+//	 target_state = store.checkpoint_states[attestation.data.target]
+//	 indexed_attestation = get_indexed_attestation(target_state, attestation)
+//	 assert is_valid_indexed_attestation(target_state, indexed_attestation)
+//
+//	 # Update latest messages for attesting indices
+//	 update_latest_messages(store, indexed_attestation.attesting_indices, attestation)
 func (s *Service) OnAttestation(ctx context.Context, a *ethpb.Attestation) error {
 	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.onAttestation")
 	defer span.End()
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_attestation_helpers.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_attestation_helpers.go
@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@ import (
 	"strconv"

 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/async"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/transition"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/async"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/transition"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 )

 // getAttPreState retrieves the att pre state by either from the cache or the DB.
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func (s *Service) verifyBeaconBlock(ctx context.Context, data *ethpb.Attestation
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if err := wrapper.BeaconBlockIsNil(b); err != nil {
+	if err := blocks.BeaconBlockIsNil(b); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if b.Block().Slot() > data.Slot {
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_attestation_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_attestation_test.go
@@ -5,32 +5,31 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/transition"
-	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db/testing"
-	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/protoarray"
-	forkchoicetypes "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
-	fieldparams "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/fieldparams"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/assert"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/util"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/transition"
+	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/db/testing"
+	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
+	forkchoicetypes "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
+	fieldparams "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/fieldparams"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/assert"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/util"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 )

-func TestStore_OnAttestation_ErrorConditions_ProtoArray(t *testing.T) {
+func TestStore_OnAttestation_ErrorConditions(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)

+	fc := doublylinkedtree.New()
 	opts := []Option{
 		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
-		WithForkChoiceStore(protoarray.New()),
-		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB)),
+		WithForkChoiceStore(fc),
+		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB, fc)),
 	}
 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -38,20 +37,16 @@ func TestStore_OnAttestation_ErrorConditions_ProtoArray(t *testing.T) {
 	_, err = blockTree1(t, beaconDB, []byte{'g'})
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	BlkWithOutState := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	BlkWithOutState.Block.Slot = 0
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(BlkWithOutState)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
-	BlkWithOutStateRoot, err := BlkWithOutState.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	blkWithoutState := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+	blkWithoutState.Block.Slot = 0
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, blkWithoutState)
+	BlkWithOutStateRoot, err := blkWithoutState.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	BlkWithStateBadAtt := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	BlkWithStateBadAtt.Block.Slot = 1
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(BlkWithStateBadAtt)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
-	BlkWithStateBadAttRoot, err := BlkWithStateBadAtt.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	blkWithStateBadAtt := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+	blkWithStateBadAtt.Block.Slot = 1
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, blkWithStateBadAtt)
+	BlkWithStateBadAttRoot, err := blkWithStateBadAtt.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	s, err := util.NewBeaconState()
@@ -59,13 +54,11 @@ func TestStore_OnAttestation_ErrorConditions_ProtoArray(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, s.SetSlot(100*params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch))
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(ctx, s, BlkWithStateBadAttRoot))

-	BlkWithValidState := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	BlkWithValidState.Block.Slot = 2
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(BlkWithValidState)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	blkWithValidState := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+	blkWithValidState.Block.Slot = 2
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, blkWithValidState)

-	BlkWithValidStateRoot, err := BlkWithValidState.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	blkWithValidStateRoot, err := blkWithValidState.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	s, err = util.NewBeaconState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -75,7 +68,7 @@ func TestStore_OnAttestation_ErrorConditions_ProtoArray(t *testing.T) {
 		PreviousVersion: params.BeaconConfig().GenesisForkVersion,
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(ctx, s, BlkWithValidStateRoot))
+	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(ctx, s, blkWithValidStateRoot))

 	tests := []struct {
 		name      string
@@ -135,146 +128,6 @@ func TestStore_OnAttestation_ErrorConditions_ProtoArray(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestStore_OnAttestation_ErrorConditions_DoublyLinkedTree(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-
-	opts := []Option{
-		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
-		WithForkChoiceStore(doublylinkedtree.New()),
-		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB)),
-	}
-	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	_, err = blockTree1(t, beaconDB, []byte{'g'})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	BlkWithOutState := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	BlkWithOutState.Block.Slot = 0
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(BlkWithOutState)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
-	BlkWithOutStateRoot, err := BlkWithOutState.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	BlkWithStateBadAtt := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	BlkWithStateBadAtt.Block.Slot = 1
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(BlkWithStateBadAtt)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
-	BlkWithStateBadAttRoot, err := BlkWithStateBadAtt.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	s, err := util.NewBeaconState()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, s.SetSlot(100*params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch))
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(ctx, s, BlkWithStateBadAttRoot))
-
-	BlkWithValidState := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	BlkWithValidState.Block.Slot = 2
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(BlkWithValidState)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
-
-	BlkWithValidStateRoot, err := BlkWithValidState.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	s, err = util.NewBeaconState()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = s.SetFork(&ethpb.Fork{
-		Epoch:           0,
-		CurrentVersion:  params.BeaconConfig().GenesisForkVersion,
-		PreviousVersion: params.BeaconConfig().GenesisForkVersion,
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(ctx, s, BlkWithValidStateRoot))
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name      string
-		a         *ethpb.Attestation
-		wantedErr string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:      "attestation's data slot not aligned with target vote",
-			a:         util.HydrateAttestation(&ethpb.Attestation{Data: &ethpb.AttestationData{Slot: params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch, Target: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: make([]byte, 32)}}}),
-			wantedErr: "slot 32 does not match target epoch 0",
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "no pre state for attestations's target block",
-			a:         util.HydrateAttestation(&ethpb.Attestation{Data: &ethpb.AttestationData{Target: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: BlkWithOutStateRoot[:]}}}),
-			wantedErr: "could not get pre state for epoch 0",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "process attestation doesn't match current epoch",
-			a: util.HydrateAttestation(&ethpb.Attestation{Data: &ethpb.AttestationData{Slot: 100 * params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch, Target: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 100,
-				Root: BlkWithStateBadAttRoot[:]}}}),
-			wantedErr: "target epoch 100 does not match current epoch",
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "process nil attestation",
-			a:         nil,
-			wantedErr: "attestation can't be nil",
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "process nil field (a.Data) in attestation",
-			a:         &ethpb.Attestation{},
-			wantedErr: "attestation's data can't be nil",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "process nil field (a.Target) in attestation",
-			a: &ethpb.Attestation{
-				Data: &ethpb.AttestationData{
-					BeaconBlockRoot: make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength),
-					Target:          nil,
-					Source:          &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength)},
-				},
-				AggregationBits: make([]byte, 1),
-				Signature:       make([]byte, 96),
-			},
-			wantedErr: "attestation's target can't be nil",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			err := service.OnAttestation(ctx, tt.a)
-			if tt.wantedErr != "" {
-				assert.ErrorContains(t, tt.wantedErr, err)
-			} else {
-				assert.NoError(t, err)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestStore_OnAttestation_Ok_ProtoArray(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-
-	fcs := protoarray.New()
-	opts := []Option{
-		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
-		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB)),
-		WithForkChoiceStore(fcs),
-	}
-	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	genesisState, pks := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 64)
-	service.SetGenesisTime(time.Unix(time.Now().Unix()-int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot), 0))
-	require.NoError(t, service.saveGenesisData(ctx, genesisState))
-	att, err := util.GenerateAttestations(genesisState, pks, 1, 0, false)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	tRoot := bytesutil.ToBytes32(att[0].Data.Target.Root)
-	copied := genesisState.Copy()
-	copied, err = transition.ProcessSlots(ctx, copied, 1)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(ctx, copied, tRoot))
-	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 0, tRoot, tRoot, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 1, 1)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-	require.NoError(t, service.OnAttestation(ctx, att[0]))
-}
-
 func TestStore_OnAttestation_Ok_DoublyLinkedTree(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
@@ -282,7 +135,7 @@ func TestStore_OnAttestation_Ok_DoublyLinkedTree(t *testing.T) {
 	fcs := doublylinkedtree.New()
 	opts := []Option{
 		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
-		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB)),
+		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB, fcs)),
 		WithForkChoiceStore(fcs),
 	}
 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
@@ -297,7 +150,9 @@ func TestStore_OnAttestation_Ok_DoublyLinkedTree(t *testing.T) {
 	copied, err = transition.ProcessSlots(ctx, copied, 1)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(ctx, copied, tRoot))
-	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 0, tRoot, tRoot, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 1, 1)
+	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 0, Root: tRoot[:]}
+	ofc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 0, Root: tRoot[:]}
+	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 0, tRoot, tRoot, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
 	require.NoError(t, service.OnAttestation(ctx, att[0]))
@@ -309,7 +164,7 @@ func TestStore_SaveCheckpointState(t *testing.T) {

 	opts := []Option{
 		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
-		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB)),
+		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB, doublylinkedtree.New())),
 	}
 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -329,12 +184,6 @@ func TestStore_SaveCheckpointState(t *testing.T) {
 	r := [32]byte{'g'}
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(ctx, s, r))

-	service.store.SetJustifiedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: r[:]}, [32]byte{'a'})
-	service.store.SetBestJustifiedCheckpt(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: r[:]})
-	service.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: r[:]}, [32]byte{'b'})
-	service.store.SetPrevFinalizedCheckpt(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: r[:]})
-
-	r = bytesutil.ToBytes32([]byte{'A'})
 	cp1 := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 1, Root: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'A'}, fieldparams.RootLength)}
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(ctx, s, bytesutil.ToBytes32([]byte{'A'})))
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveStateSummary(ctx, &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'A'}, fieldparams.RootLength)}))
@@ -363,10 +212,6 @@ func TestStore_SaveCheckpointState(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 2*params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch, s2.Slot(), "Unexpected state slot")

 	require.NoError(t, s.SetSlot(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch+1))
-	service.store.SetJustifiedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: r[:]}, [32]byte{'a'})
-	service.store.SetBestJustifiedCheckpt(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: r[:]})
-	service.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: r[:]}, [32]byte{'b'})
-	service.store.SetPrevFinalizedCheckpt(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: r[:]})
 	cp3 := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 1, Root: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'C'}, fieldparams.RootLength)}
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(ctx, s, bytesutil.ToBytes32([]byte{'C'})))
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveStateSummary(ctx, &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'C'}, fieldparams.RootLength)}))
@@ -381,7 +226,7 @@ func TestStore_UpdateCheckpointState(t *testing.T) {

 	opts := []Option{
 		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
-		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB)),
+		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB, doublylinkedtree.New())),
 	}
 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -411,7 +256,7 @@ func TestStore_UpdateCheckpointState(t *testing.T) {

 	cached, err = service.checkpointStateCache.StateByCheckpoint(newCheckpoint)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.DeepSSZEqual(t, returned.InnerStateUnsafe(), cached.InnerStateUnsafe())
+	require.DeepSSZEqual(t, returned.ToProtoUnsafe(), cached.ToProtoUnsafe())
 }

 func TestAttEpoch_MatchPrevEpoch(t *testing.T) {
@@ -455,9 +300,7 @@ func TestVerifyBeaconBlock_futureBlock(t *testing.T) {

 	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b.Block.Slot = 2
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, service.cfg.BeaconDB, b)
 	r, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	d := &ethpb.AttestationData{Slot: 1, BeaconBlockRoot: r[:]}
@@ -474,9 +317,7 @@ func TestVerifyBeaconBlock_OK(t *testing.T) {

 	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b.Block.Slot = 2
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, service.cfg.BeaconDB, b)
 	r, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	d := &ethpb.AttestationData{Slot: 2, BeaconBlockRoot: r[:]}
@@ -484,41 +325,6 @@ func TestVerifyBeaconBlock_OK(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, service.verifyBeaconBlock(ctx, d), "Did not receive the wanted error")
 }

-func TestVerifyFinalizedConsistency_InconsistentRoot_ProtoArray(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-
-	fcs := protoarray.New()
-	opts := []Option{
-		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
-		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB)),
-		WithForkChoiceStore(fcs),
-	}
-	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	b32 := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	b32.Block.Slot = 32
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b32)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
-	r32, err := b32.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	service.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 1}, [32]byte{})
-	b33 := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	b33.Block.Slot = 33
-	b33.Block.ParentRoot = r32[:]
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b33)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
-	r33, err := b33.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	err = service.VerifyFinalizedConsistency(context.Background(), r33[:])
-	require.ErrorContains(t, "Root and finalized store are not consistent", err)
-}
-
 func TestVerifyFinalizedConsistency_InconsistentRoot_DoublyLinkedTree(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
@@ -526,7 +332,7 @@ func TestVerifyFinalizedConsistency_InconsistentRoot_DoublyLinkedTree(t *testing
 	fcs := doublylinkedtree.New()
 	opts := []Option{
 		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
-		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB)),
+		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB, fcs)),
 		WithForkChoiceStore(fcs),
 	}
 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
@@ -534,19 +340,15 @@ func TestVerifyFinalizedConsistency_InconsistentRoot_DoublyLinkedTree(t *testing

 	b32 := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b32.Block.Slot = 32
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b32)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, service.cfg.BeaconDB, b32)
 	r32, err := b32.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	service.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 1}, [32]byte{})
+	require.NoError(t, service.ForkChoicer().UpdateFinalizedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{Epoch: 1}))
 	b33 := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b33.Block.Slot = 33
 	b33.Block.ParentRoot = r32[:]
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b33)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, service.cfg.BeaconDB, b33)
 	r33, err := b33.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

@@ -563,20 +365,15 @@ func TestVerifyFinalizedConsistency_OK(t *testing.T) {

 	b32 := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b32.Block.Slot = 32
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b32)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, service.cfg.BeaconDB, b32)
 	r32, err := b32.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	service.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: r32[:], Epoch: 1}, [32]byte{})
-
+	require.NoError(t, service.ForkChoicer().UpdateFinalizedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{Epoch: 1, Root: r32}))
 	b33 := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b33.Block.Slot = 33
 	b33.Block.ParentRoot = r32[:]
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b33)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, service.cfg.BeaconDB, b33)
 	r33, err := b33.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

@@ -596,18 +393,18 @@ func TestVerifyFinalizedConsistency_IsCanonical(t *testing.T) {
 	r32, err := b32.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	service.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: r32[:], Epoch: 1}, [32]byte{})
-
 	b33 := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b33.Block.Slot = 33
 	b33.Block.ParentRoot = r32[:]
 	r33, err := b33.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, b32.Block.Slot, r32, [32]byte{}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
+	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	ofc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, b32.Block.Slot, r32, [32]byte{}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, b33.Block.Slot, r33, r32, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 0, 0)
+	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, b33.Block.Slot, r33, r32, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))

--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block.go
@@ -6,29 +6,28 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/async/event"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/feed"
-	statefeed "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	coreTime "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/time"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/transition"
-	forkchoicetypes "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/features"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/forks/bellatrix"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/interfaces"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/crypto/bls"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/monitoring/tracing"
-	ethpbv1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/eth/v1"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1/attestation"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/runtime/version"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/async/event"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/feed"
+	statefeed "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
+	coreTime "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/time"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/transition"
+	forkchoicetypes "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/features"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	consensusblocks "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/crypto/bls"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/monitoring/tracing"
+	ethpbv1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/eth/v1"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1/attestation"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/runtime/version"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )

@@ -46,58 +45,60 @@ var initialSyncBlockCacheSize = uint64(2 * params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch)
 // computation in this method and methods it calls into.
 //
 // Spec pseudocode definition:
-//   def on_block(store: Store, signed_block: SignedBeaconBlock) -> None:
-//    block = signed_block.message
-//    # Parent block must be known
-//    assert block.parent_root in store.block_states
-//    # Make a copy of the state to avoid mutability issues
-//    pre_state = copy(store.block_states[block.parent_root])
-//    # Blocks cannot be in the future. If they are, their consideration must be delayed until the are in the past.
-//    assert get_current_slot(store) >= block.slot
 //
-//    # Check that block is later than the finalized epoch slot (optimization to reduce calls to get_ancestor)
-//    finalized_slot = compute_start_slot_at_epoch(store.finalized_checkpoint.epoch)
-//    assert block.slot > finalized_slot
-//    # Check block is a descendant of the finalized block at the checkpoint finalized slot
-//    assert get_ancestor(store, block.parent_root, finalized_slot) == store.finalized_checkpoint.root
+//	def on_block(store: Store, signed_block: SignedBeaconBlock) -> None:
+//	 block = signed_block.message
+//	 # Parent block must be known
+//	 assert block.parent_root in store.block_states
+//	 # Make a copy of the state to avoid mutability issues
+//	 pre_state = copy(store.block_states[block.parent_root])
+//	 # Blocks cannot be in the future. If they are, their consideration must be delayed until the are in the past.
+//	 assert get_current_slot(store) >= block.slot
 //
-//    # Check the block is valid and compute the post-state
-//    state = pre_state.copy()
-//    state_transition(state, signed_block, True)
-//    # Add new block to the store
-//    store.blocks[hash_tree_root(block)] = block
-//    # Add new state for this block to the store
-//    store.block_states[hash_tree_root(block)] = state
+//	 # Check that block is later than the finalized epoch slot (optimization to reduce calls to get_ancestor)
+//	 finalized_slot = compute_start_slot_at_epoch(store.finalized_checkpoint.epoch)
+//	 assert block.slot > finalized_slot
+//	 # Check block is a descendant of the finalized block at the checkpoint finalized slot
+//	 assert get_ancestor(store, block.parent_root, finalized_slot) == store.finalized_checkpoint.root
 //
-//    # Update justified checkpoint
-//    if state.current_justified_checkpoint.epoch > store.justified_checkpoint.epoch:
-//        if state.current_justified_checkpoint.epoch > store.best_justified_checkpoint.epoch:
-//            store.best_justified_checkpoint = state.current_justified_checkpoint
-//        if should_update_justified_checkpoint(store, state.current_justified_checkpoint):
-//            store.justified_checkpoint = state.current_justified_checkpoint
+//	 # Check the block is valid and compute the post-state
+//	 state = pre_state.copy()
+//	 state_transition(state, signed_block, True)
+//	 # Add new block to the store
+//	 store.blocks[hash_tree_root(block)] = block
+//	 # Add new state for this block to the store
+//	 store.block_states[hash_tree_root(block)] = state
 //
-//    # Update finalized checkpoint
-//    if state.finalized_checkpoint.epoch > store.finalized_checkpoint.epoch:
-//        store.finalized_checkpoint = state.finalized_checkpoint
+//	 # Update justified checkpoint
+//	 if state.current_justified_checkpoint.epoch > store.justified_checkpoint.epoch:
+//	     if state.current_justified_checkpoint.epoch > store.best_justified_checkpoint.epoch:
+//	         store.best_justified_checkpoint = state.current_justified_checkpoint
+//	     if should_update_justified_checkpoint(store, state.current_justified_checkpoint):
+//	         store.justified_checkpoint = state.current_justified_checkpoint
 //
-//        # Potentially update justified if different from store
-//        if store.justified_checkpoint != state.current_justified_checkpoint:
-//            # Update justified if new justified is later than store justified
-//            if state.current_justified_checkpoint.epoch > store.justified_checkpoint.epoch:
-//                store.justified_checkpoint = state.current_justified_checkpoint
-//                return
+//	 # Update finalized checkpoint
+//	 if state.finalized_checkpoint.epoch > store.finalized_checkpoint.epoch:
+//	     store.finalized_checkpoint = state.finalized_checkpoint
 //
-//            # Update justified if store justified is not in chain with finalized checkpoint
-//            finalized_slot = compute_start_slot_at_epoch(store.finalized_checkpoint.epoch)
-//            ancestor_at_finalized_slot = get_ancestor(store, store.justified_checkpoint.root, finalized_slot)
-//            if ancestor_at_finalized_slot != store.finalized_checkpoint.root:
-//                store.justified_checkpoint = state.current_justified_checkpoint
+//	     # Potentially update justified if different from store
+//	     if store.justified_checkpoint != state.current_justified_checkpoint:
+//	         # Update justified if new justified is later than store justified
+//	         if state.current_justified_checkpoint.epoch > store.justified_checkpoint.epoch:
+//	             store.justified_checkpoint = state.current_justified_checkpoint
+//	             return
+//
+//	         # Update justified if store justified is not in chain with finalized checkpoint
+//	         finalized_slot = compute_start_slot_at_epoch(store.finalized_checkpoint.epoch)
+//	         ancestor_at_finalized_slot = get_ancestor(store, store.justified_checkpoint.root, finalized_slot)
+//	         if ancestor_at_finalized_slot != store.finalized_checkpoint.root:
+//	             store.justified_checkpoint = state.current_justified_checkpoint
 func (s *Service) onBlock(ctx context.Context, signed interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock, blockRoot [32]byte) error {
 	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.onBlock")
 	defer span.End()
-	if err := wrapper.BeaconBlockIsNil(signed); err != nil {
-		return invalidBlock{err}
+	if err := consensusblocks.BeaconBlockIsNil(signed); err != nil {
+		return invalidBlock{error: err}
 	}
+	startTime := time.Now()
 	b := signed.Block()

 	preState, err := s.getBlockPreState(ctx, b)
@@ -105,21 +106,30 @@ func (s *Service) onBlock(ctx context.Context, signed interfaces.SignedBeaconBlo
 		return err
 	}

+	// Save current justified and finalized epochs for future use.
+	currStoreJustifiedEpoch := s.ForkChoicer().JustifiedCheckpoint().Epoch
+	currStoreFinalizedEpoch := s.ForkChoicer().FinalizedCheckpoint().Epoch
+	preStateFinalizedEpoch := preState.FinalizedCheckpoint().Epoch
+	preStateJustifiedEpoch := preState.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint().Epoch
+
 	preStateVersion, preStateHeader, err := getStateVersionAndPayload(preState)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	stateTransitionStartTime := time.Now()
 	postState, err := transition.ExecuteStateTransition(ctx, preState, signed)
 	if err != nil {
-		return invalidBlock{err}
+		return invalidBlock{error: err}
 	}
+	stateTransitionProcessingTime.Observe(float64(time.Since(stateTransitionStartTime).Milliseconds()))
+
 	postStateVersion, postStateHeader, err := getStateVersionAndPayload(postState)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	isValidPayload, err := s.notifyNewPayload(ctx, postStateVersion, postStateHeader, signed)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not verify new payload: %v", err)
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not validate new payload")
 	}
 	if isValidPayload {
 		if err := s.validateMergeTransitionBlock(ctx, preStateVersion, preStateHeader, signed); err != nil {
@@ -129,9 +139,17 @@ func (s *Service) onBlock(ctx context.Context, signed interfaces.SignedBeaconBlo
 	if err := s.savePostStateInfo(ctx, blockRoot, signed, postState); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if err := s.insertBlockAndAttestationsToForkChoiceStore(ctx, signed.Block(), blockRoot, postState); err != nil {
+
+	if err := s.insertBlockToForkchoiceStore(ctx, signed.Block(), blockRoot, postState); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not insert block %d to fork choice store", signed.Block().Slot())
 	}
+	if err := s.handleBlockAttestations(ctx, signed.Block(), postState); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not handle block's attestations")
+	}
+	if err := s.handleBlockBLSToExecChanges(signed.Block()); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not handle block's BLSToExecutionChanges")
+	}
+
 	s.InsertSlashingsToForkChoiceStore(ctx, signed.Block().Body().AttesterSlashings())
 	if isValidPayload {
 		if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.SetOptimisticToValid(ctx, blockRoot); err != nil {
@@ -139,18 +157,6 @@ func (s *Service) onBlock(ctx context.Context, signed interfaces.SignedBeaconBlo
 		}
 	}

-	// We add a proposer score boost to fork choice for the block root if applicable, right after
-	// running a successful state transition for the block.
-	secondsIntoSlot := uint64(time.Since(s.genesisTime).Seconds()) % params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot
-	if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.BoostProposerRoot(ctx, &forkchoicetypes.ProposerBoostRootArgs{
-		BlockRoot:       blockRoot,
-		BlockSlot:       signed.Block().Slot(),
-		CurrentSlot:     slots.SinceGenesis(s.genesisTime),
-		SecondsIntoSlot: secondsIntoSlot,
-	}); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	// If slasher is configured, forward the attestations in the block via
 	// an event feed for processing.
 	if features.Get().EnableSlasher {
@@ -178,70 +184,23 @@ func (s *Service) onBlock(ctx context.Context, signed interfaces.SignedBeaconBlo
 		}()
 	}

-	// Update justified check point.
-	justified, err := s.store.JustifiedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get justified checkpoint")
-	}
-	currJustifiedEpoch := justified.Epoch
-	psj := postState.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint()
-	if psj == nil {
-		return errNilJustifiedCheckpoint
-	}
-
-	if psj.Epoch > currJustifiedEpoch {
-		if err := s.updateJustified(ctx, postState); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	finalized, err := s.store.FinalizedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get finalized checkpoint")
-	}
-	if finalized == nil {
-		return errNilFinalizedInStore
-	}
-	psf := postState.FinalizedCheckpoint()
-	if psf == nil {
-		return errNilFinalizedCheckpoint
-	}
-
-	newFinalized := psf.Epoch > finalized.Epoch
-	if newFinalized {
-		s.store.SetPrevFinalizedCheckpt(finalized)
-		h, err := s.getPayloadHash(ctx, psf.Root)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		s.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(psf, h)
-		s.store.SetPrevJustifiedCheckpt(justified)
-		h, err = s.getPayloadHash(ctx, psj.Root)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		s.store.SetJustifiedCheckptAndPayloadHash(postState.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint(), h)
-		// Update Forkchoice checkpoints
-		if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.UpdateJustifiedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{
-			Epoch: psj.Epoch, Root: bytesutil.ToBytes32(psj.Root)}); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.UpdateFinalizedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{
-			Epoch: psf.Epoch, Root: bytesutil.ToBytes32(psf.Root)}); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	balances, err := s.justifiedBalances.get(ctx, bytesutil.ToBytes32(justified.Root))
+	justified := s.ForkChoicer().JustifiedCheckpoint()
+	balances, err := s.justifiedBalances.get(ctx, justified.Root)
 	if err != nil {
 		msg := fmt.Sprintf("could not read balances for state w/ justified checkpoint %#x", justified.Root)
 		return errors.Wrap(err, msg)
 	}
-	headRoot, err := s.updateHead(ctx, balances)
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	headRoot, err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Head(ctx, balances)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithError(err).Warn("Could not update head")
 	}
-	s.notifyEngineIfChangedHead(ctx, headRoot)
+	newBlockHeadElapsedTime.Observe(float64(time.Since(start).Milliseconds()))
+
+	if err := s.notifyEngineIfChangedHead(ctx, headRoot); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}

 	if err := s.pruneCanonicalAttsFromPool(ctx, blockRoot, signed); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -271,33 +230,35 @@ func (s *Service) onBlock(ctx context.Context, signed interfaces.SignedBeaconBlo
 	}()

 	// Save justified check point to db.
-	if postState.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint().Epoch > currJustifiedEpoch {
-		if err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveJustifiedCheckpoint(ctx, postState.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint()); err != nil {
+	postStateJustifiedEpoch := postState.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint().Epoch
+	if justified.Epoch > currStoreJustifiedEpoch || (justified.Epoch == postStateJustifiedEpoch && justified.Epoch > preStateJustifiedEpoch) {
+		if err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveJustifiedCheckpoint(ctx, &ethpb.Checkpoint{
+			Epoch: justified.Epoch, Root: justified.Root[:],
+		}); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}

-	// Update finalized check point.
-	if newFinalized {
-		if err := s.updateFinalized(ctx, postState.FinalizedCheckpoint()); err != nil {
+	// Save finalized check point to db and more.
+	postStateFinalizedEpoch := postState.FinalizedCheckpoint().Epoch
+	finalized := s.ForkChoicer().FinalizedCheckpoint()
+	if finalized.Epoch > currStoreFinalizedEpoch || (finalized.Epoch == postStateFinalizedEpoch && finalized.Epoch > preStateFinalizedEpoch) {
+		if err := s.updateFinalized(ctx, &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: finalized.Epoch, Root: finalized.Root[:]}); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		fRoot := bytesutil.ToBytes32(postState.FinalizedCheckpoint().Root)
-		if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Prune(ctx, fRoot); err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not prune fork choice nodes")
-		}
-		isOptimistic, err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.IsOptimistic(fRoot)
+		isOptimistic, err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.IsOptimistic(finalized.Root)
 		if err != nil {
 			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not check if node is optimistically synced")
 		}
 		go func() {
 			// Send an event regarding the new finalized checkpoint over a common event feed.
+			stateRoot := signed.Block().StateRoot()
 			s.cfg.StateNotifier.StateFeed().Send(&feed.Event{
 				Type: statefeed.FinalizedCheckpoint,
 				Data: &ethpbv1.EventFinalizedCheckpoint{
 					Epoch:               postState.FinalizedCheckpoint().Epoch,
 					Block:               postState.FinalizedCheckpoint().Root,
-					State:               signed.Block().StateRoot(),
+					State:               stateRoot[:],
 					ExecutionOptimistic: isOptimistic,
 				},
 			})
@@ -307,23 +268,25 @@ func (s *Service) onBlock(ctx context.Context, signed interfaces.SignedBeaconBlo
 			// with a custom deadline, therefore using the background context instead.
 			depCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), depositDeadline)
 			defer cancel()
-			if err := s.insertFinalizedDeposits(depCtx, fRoot); err != nil {
+			if err := s.insertFinalizedDeposits(depCtx, finalized.Root); err != nil {
 				log.WithError(err).Error("Could not insert finalized deposits.")
 			}
 		}()

 	}
-
 	defer reportAttestationInclusion(b)
-
-	return s.handleEpochBoundary(ctx, postState)
+	if err := s.handleEpochBoundary(ctx, postState); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	onBlockProcessingTime.Observe(float64(time.Since(startTime).Milliseconds()))
+	return nil
 }

-func getStateVersionAndPayload(st state.BeaconState) (int, *ethpb.ExecutionPayloadHeader, error) {
+func getStateVersionAndPayload(st state.BeaconState) (int, interfaces.ExecutionData, error) {
 	if st == nil {
 		return 0, nil, errors.New("nil state")
 	}
-	var preStateHeader *ethpb.ExecutionPayloadHeader
+	var preStateHeader interfaces.ExecutionData
 	var err error
 	preStateVersion := st.Version()
 	switch preStateVersion {
@@ -350,8 +313,8 @@ func (s *Service) onBlockBatch(ctx context.Context, blks []interfaces.SignedBeac
 		return errWrongBlockCount
 	}

-	if err := wrapper.BeaconBlockIsNil(blks[0]); err != nil {
-		return invalidBlock{err}
+	if err := consensusblocks.BeaconBlockIsNil(blks[0]); err != nil {
+		return invalidBlock{error: err}
 	}
 	b := blks[0].Block()

@@ -359,7 +322,7 @@ func (s *Service) onBlockBatch(ctx context.Context, blks []interfaces.SignedBeac
 	if err := s.verifyBlkPreState(ctx, b); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	preState, err := s.cfg.StateGen.StateByRootInitialSync(ctx, bytesutil.ToBytes32(b.ParentRoot()))
+	preState, err := s.cfg.StateGen.StateByRootInitialSync(ctx, b.ParentRoot())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -381,7 +344,7 @@ func (s *Service) onBlockBatch(ctx context.Context, blks []interfaces.SignedBeac
 	}
 	type versionAndHeader struct {
 		version int
-		header  *ethpb.ExecutionPayloadHeader
+		header  interfaces.ExecutionData
 	}
 	preVersionAndHeaders := make([]*versionAndHeader, len(blks))
 	postVersionAndHeaders := make([]*versionAndHeader, len(blks))
@@ -399,7 +362,7 @@ func (s *Service) onBlockBatch(ctx context.Context, blks []interfaces.SignedBeac

 		set, preState, err = transition.ExecuteStateTransitionNoVerifyAnySig(ctx, preState, b)
 		if err != nil {
-			return invalidBlock{err}
+			return invalidBlock{error: err}
 		}
 		// Save potential boundary states.
 		if slots.IsEpochStart(preState.Slot()) {
@@ -420,7 +383,7 @@ func (s *Service) onBlockBatch(ctx context.Context, blks []interfaces.SignedBeac
 	}
 	verify, err := sigSet.Verify()
 	if err != nil {
-		return invalidBlock{err}
+		return invalidBlock{error: err}
 	}
 	if !verify {
 		return errors.New("batch block signature verification failed")
@@ -446,11 +409,29 @@ func (s *Service) onBlockBatch(ctx context.Context, blks []interfaces.SignedBeac
 			JustifiedCheckpoint: jCheckpoints[i],
 			FinalizedCheckpoint: fCheckpoints[i]}
 		pendingNodes[len(blks)-i-1] = args
-		s.saveInitSyncBlock(blockRoots[i], b)
-		if err = s.handleBlockAfterBatchVerify(ctx, b, blockRoots[i], fCheckpoints[i], jCheckpoints[i]); err != nil {
+		if err := s.saveInitSyncBlock(ctx, blockRoots[i], b); err != nil {
 			tracing.AnnotateError(span, err)
 			return err
 		}
+		if err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveStateSummary(ctx, &ethpb.StateSummary{
+			Slot: b.Block().Slot(),
+			Root: blockRoots[i][:],
+		}); err != nil {
+			tracing.AnnotateError(span, err)
+			return err
+		}
+		if i > 0 && jCheckpoints[i].Epoch > jCheckpoints[i-1].Epoch {
+			if err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveJustifiedCheckpoint(ctx, jCheckpoints[i]); err != nil {
+				tracing.AnnotateError(span, err)
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		if i > 0 && fCheckpoints[i].Epoch > fCheckpoints[i-1].Epoch {
+			if err := s.updateFinalized(ctx, fCheckpoints[i]); err != nil {
+				tracing.AnnotateError(span, err)
+				return err
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	// Insert all nodes but the last one to forkchoice
 	if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertOptimisticChain(ctx, pendingNodes); err != nil {
@@ -461,14 +442,6 @@ func (s *Service) onBlockBatch(ctx context.Context, blks []interfaces.SignedBeac
 	if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, preState, lastBR); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not insert last block in batch to forkchoice")
 	}
-	// Prune forkchoice store only if the new finalized checkpoint is higher
-	// than the finalized checkpoint in forkchoice store.
-	if fCheckpoints[len(blks)-1].Epoch > s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.FinalizedCheckpoint().Epoch {
-		if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Prune(ctx, s.ensureRootNotZeros(bytesutil.ToBytes32(fCheckpoints[len(blks)-1].Root))); err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not prune fork choice nodes")
-		}
-	}
-
 	// Set their optimistic status
 	if isValidPayload {
 		if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.SetOptimisticToValid(ctx, lastBR); err != nil {
@@ -497,62 +470,6 @@ func (s *Service) onBlockBatch(ctx context.Context, blks []interfaces.SignedBeac
 	return s.saveHeadNoDB(ctx, lastB, lastBR, preState)
 }

-// handles a block after the block's batch has been verified, where we can save blocks
-// their state summaries and split them off to relative hot/cold storage.
-func (s *Service) handleBlockAfterBatchVerify(ctx context.Context, signed interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock,
-	blockRoot [32]byte, fCheckpoint, jCheckpoint *ethpb.Checkpoint) error {
-
-	if err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveStateSummary(ctx, &ethpb.StateSummary{
-		Slot: signed.Block().Slot(),
-		Root: blockRoot[:],
-	}); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Rate limit how many blocks (2 epochs worth of blocks) a node keeps in the memory.
-	if uint64(len(s.getInitSyncBlocks())) > initialSyncBlockCacheSize {
-		if err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlocks(ctx, s.getInitSyncBlocks()); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		s.clearInitSyncBlocks()
-	}
-
-	justified, err := s.store.JustifiedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get justified checkpoint")
-	}
-	if jCheckpoint.Epoch > justified.Epoch {
-		if err := s.updateJustifiedInitSync(ctx, jCheckpoint); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	finalized, err := s.store.FinalizedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get finalized checkpoint")
-	}
-	if finalized == nil {
-		return errNilFinalizedInStore
-	}
-	// Update finalized check point. Prune the block cache and helper caches on every new finalized epoch.
-	if fCheckpoint.Epoch > finalized.Epoch {
-		if err := s.updateFinalized(ctx, fCheckpoint); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		s.store.SetPrevFinalizedCheckpt(finalized)
-		h, err := s.getPayloadHash(ctx, fCheckpoint.Root)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		s.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(fCheckpoint, h)
-		if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.UpdateFinalizedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{
-			Epoch: fCheckpoint.Epoch, Root: bytesutil.ToBytes32(fCheckpoint.Root)}); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 // Epoch boundary bookkeeping such as logging epoch summaries.
 func (s *Service) handleEpochBoundary(ctx context.Context, postState state.BeaconState) error {
 	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.handleEpochBoundary")
@@ -598,17 +515,30 @@ func (s *Service) handleEpochBoundary(ctx context.Context, postState state.Beaco
 	return nil
 }

-// This feeds in the block and block's attestations to fork choice store. It's allows fork choice store
+// This feeds in the block to fork choice store. It's allows fork choice store
 // to gain information on the most current chain.
-func (s *Service) insertBlockAndAttestationsToForkChoiceStore(ctx context.Context, blk interfaces.BeaconBlock, root [32]byte, st state.BeaconState) error {
-	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.insertBlockAndAttestationsToForkChoiceStore")
+func (s *Service) insertBlockToForkchoiceStore(ctx context.Context, blk interfaces.BeaconBlock, root [32]byte, st state.BeaconState) error {
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.insertBlockToForkchoiceStore")
 	defer span.End()

-	fCheckpoint := st.FinalizedCheckpoint()
-	jCheckpoint := st.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint()
-	if err := s.insertBlockToForkChoiceStore(ctx, blk, root, st, fCheckpoint, jCheckpoint); err != nil {
+	if !s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.HasNode(blk.ParentRoot()) {
+		fCheckpoint := st.FinalizedCheckpoint()
+		jCheckpoint := st.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint()
+		if err := s.fillInForkChoiceMissingBlocks(ctx, blk, fCheckpoint, jCheckpoint); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, st, root); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// This feeds in the attestations included in the block to fork choice store. It's allows fork choice store
+// to gain information on the most current chain.
+func (s *Service) handleBlockAttestations(ctx context.Context, blk interfaces.BeaconBlock, st state.BeaconState) error {
 	// Feed in block's attestations to fork choice store.
 	for _, a := range blk.Body().Attestations() {
 		committee, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(ctx, st, a.Data.Slot, a.Data.CommitteeIndex)
@@ -619,19 +549,33 @@ func (s *Service) insertBlockAndAttestationsToForkChoiceStore(ctx context.Contex
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.ProcessAttestation(ctx, indices, bytesutil.ToBytes32(a.Data.BeaconBlockRoot), a.Data.Target.Epoch)
+		r := bytesutil.ToBytes32(a.Data.BeaconBlockRoot)
+		if s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.HasNode(r) {
+			s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.ProcessAttestation(ctx, indices, r, a.Data.Target.Epoch)
+		} else if err := s.cfg.AttPool.SaveBlockAttestation(a); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }

-func (s *Service) insertBlockToForkChoiceStore(ctx context.Context, blk interfaces.BeaconBlock, root [32]byte, st state.BeaconState, fCheckpoint, jCheckpoint *ethpb.Checkpoint) error {
-	if err := s.fillInForkChoiceMissingBlocks(ctx, blk, fCheckpoint, jCheckpoint); err != nil {
-		return err
+func (s *Service) handleBlockBLSToExecChanges(blk interfaces.BeaconBlock) error {
+	if blk.Version() < version.Capella {
+		return nil
 	}
-	return s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, st, root)
+	changes, err := blk.Body().BLSToExecutionChanges()
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get BLSToExecutionChanges")
+	}
+	for _, change := range changes {
+		if err := s.cfg.BLSToExecPool.MarkIncluded(change); err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not mark BLSToExecutionChange as included")
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
 }

-// Inserts attester slashing indices to fork choice store.
+// InsertSlashingsToForkChoiceStore inserts attester slashing indices to fork choice store.
 // To call this function, it's caller's responsibility to ensure the slashing object is valid.
 func (s *Service) InsertSlashingsToForkChoiceStore(ctx context.Context, slashings []*ethpb.AttesterSlashing) {
 	for _, slashing := range slashings {
@@ -659,10 +603,6 @@ func (s *Service) savePostStateInfo(ctx context.Context, r [32]byte, b interface
 // This removes the attestations from the mem pool. It will only remove the attestations if input root `r` is canonical,
 // meaning the block `b` is part of the canonical chain.
 func (s *Service) pruneCanonicalAttsFromPool(ctx context.Context, r [32]byte, b interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock) error {
-	if !features.Get().CorrectlyPruneCanonicalAtts {
-		return nil
-	}
-
 	canonical, err := s.IsCanonical(ctx, r)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -687,18 +627,22 @@ func (s *Service) pruneCanonicalAttsFromPool(ctx context.Context, r [32]byte, b
 }

 // validateMergeTransitionBlock validates the merge transition block.
-func (s *Service) validateMergeTransitionBlock(ctx context.Context, stateVersion int, stateHeader *ethpb.ExecutionPayloadHeader, blk interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock) error {
+func (s *Service) validateMergeTransitionBlock(ctx context.Context, stateVersion int, stateHeader interfaces.ExecutionData, blk interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock) error {
 	// Skip validation if block is older than Bellatrix.
 	if blocks.IsPreBellatrixVersion(blk.Block().Version()) {
 		return nil
 	}

 	// Skip validation if block has an empty payload.
-	payload, err := blk.Block().Body().ExecutionPayload()
+	payload, err := blk.Block().Body().Execution()
 	if err != nil {
-		return invalidBlock{err}
+		return invalidBlock{error: err}
 	}
-	if bellatrix.IsEmptyPayload(payload) {
+	isEmpty, err := consensusblocks.IsEmptyExecutionData(payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if isEmpty {
 		return nil
 	}

@@ -709,11 +653,12 @@ func (s *Service) validateMergeTransitionBlock(ctx context.Context, stateVersion
 	}

 	// Skip validation if the block is not a merge transition block.
-	atTransition, err := blocks.IsMergeTransitionBlockUsingPreStatePayloadHeader(stateHeader, blk.Block().Body())
+	// To reach here. The payload must be non-empty. If the state header is empty then it's at transition.
+	empty, err := consensusblocks.IsEmptyExecutionData(stateHeader)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not check if merge block is terminal")
+		return err
 	}
-	if !atTransition {
+	if !empty {
 		return nil
 	}
 	return s.validateMergeBlock(ctx, blk)
@@ -740,20 +685,8 @@ func (s *Service) fillMissingPayloadIDRoutine(ctx context.Context, stateFeed *ev
 		for {
 			select {
 			case ti := <-ticker.C:
-				if !atHalfSlot(ti) {
-					continue
-				}
-				_, id, has := s.cfg.ProposerSlotIndexCache.GetProposerPayloadIDs(s.CurrentSlot() + 1)
-				// There exists proposer for next slot, but we haven't called fcu w/ payload attribute yet.
-				if has && id == [8]byte{} {
-					if _, err := s.notifyForkchoiceUpdate(ctx, &notifyForkchoiceUpdateArg{
-						headState: s.headState(ctx),
-						headRoot:  s.headRoot(),
-						headBlock: s.headBlock().Block(),
-					}); err != nil {
-						log.WithError(err).Error("Could not prepare payload on empty ID")
-					}
-					missedPayloadIDFilledCount.Inc()
+				if err := s.fillMissingBlockPayloadId(ctx, ti); err != nil {
+					log.WithError(err).Error("Could not fill missing payload ID")
 				}
 			case <-s.ctx.Done():
 				log.Debug("Context closed, exiting routine")
@@ -768,3 +701,31 @@ func atHalfSlot(t time.Time) bool {
 	s := params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot
 	return uint64(t.Second())%s == s/2
 }
+
+func (s *Service) fillMissingBlockPayloadId(ctx context.Context, ti time.Time) error {
+	if !atHalfSlot(ti) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if s.CurrentSlot() == s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.HighestReceivedBlockSlot() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Head root should be empty when retrieving proposer index for the next slot.
+	_, id, has := s.cfg.ProposerSlotIndexCache.GetProposerPayloadIDs(s.CurrentSlot()+1, [32]byte{} /* head root */)
+	// There exists proposer for next slot, but we haven't called fcu w/ payload attribute yet.
+	if has && id == [8]byte{} {
+		missedPayloadIDFilledCount.Inc()
+		headBlock, err := s.headBlock()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		} else {
+			if _, err := s.notifyForkchoiceUpdate(ctx, &notifyForkchoiceUpdateArg{
+				headState: s.headState(ctx),
+				headRoot:  s.headRoot(),
+				headBlock: headBlock.Block(),
+			}); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block_helpers.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block_helpers.go
@@ -6,19 +6,18 @@ import (
 	"fmt"

 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/protoarray"
-	forkchoicetypes "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/interfaces"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	mathutil "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/math"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/monitoring/tracing"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
+	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
+	forkchoicetypes "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	mathutil "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/math"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/monitoring/tracing"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )

@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ func (s *Service) getBlockPreState(ctx context.Context, b interfaces.BeaconBlock
 		return nil, err
 	}

-	preState, err := s.cfg.StateGen.StateByRoot(ctx, bytesutil.ToBytes32(b.ParentRoot()))
+	preState, err := s.cfg.StateGen.StateByRoot(ctx, b.ParentRoot())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get pre state for slot %d", b.Slot())
 	}
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ func (s *Service) verifyBlkPreState(ctx context.Context, b interfaces.BeaconBloc
 	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.verifyBlkPreState")
 	defer span.End()

-	parentRoot := bytesutil.ToBytes32(b.ParentRoot())
+	parentRoot := b.ParentRoot()
 	// Loosen the check to HasBlock because state summary gets saved in batches
 	// during initial syncing. There's no risk given a state summary object is just a
 	// a subset of the block object.
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ func (s *Service) verifyBlkPreState(ctx context.Context, b interfaces.BeaconBloc
 		return errors.New("could not reconstruct parent state")
 	}

-	if err := s.VerifyFinalizedBlkDescendant(ctx, bytesutil.ToBytes32(b.ParentRoot())); err != nil {
+	if err := s.VerifyFinalizedBlkDescendant(ctx, parentRoot); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

@@ -95,17 +94,13 @@ func (s *Service) verifyBlkPreState(ctx context.Context, b interfaces.BeaconBloc
 func (s *Service) VerifyFinalizedBlkDescendant(ctx context.Context, root [32]byte) error {
 	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.VerifyFinalizedBlkDescendant")
 	defer span.End()
-	finalized, err := s.store.FinalizedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get finalized checkpoint")
-	}
-	fRoot := s.ensureRootNotZeros(bytesutil.ToBytes32(finalized.Root))
-	finalizedBlkSigned, err := s.getBlock(ctx, fRoot)
+	finalized := s.ForkChoicer().FinalizedCheckpoint()
+	fRoot := s.ensureRootNotZeros(finalized.Root)
+	fSlot, err := slots.EpochStart(finalized.Epoch)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	finalizedBlk := finalizedBlkSigned.Block()
-	bFinalizedRoot, err := s.ancestor(ctx, root[:], finalizedBlk.Slot())
+	bFinalizedRoot, err := s.ancestor(ctx, root[:], fSlot)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get finalized block root")
 	}
@@ -115,10 +110,10 @@ func (s *Service) VerifyFinalizedBlkDescendant(ctx context.Context, root [32]byt

 	if !bytes.Equal(bFinalizedRoot, fRoot[:]) {
 		err := fmt.Errorf("block %#x is not a descendant of the current finalized block slot %d, %#x != %#x",
-			bytesutil.Trunc(root[:]), finalizedBlk.Slot(), bytesutil.Trunc(bFinalizedRoot),
+			bytesutil.Trunc(root[:]), fSlot, bytesutil.Trunc(bFinalizedRoot),
 			bytesutil.Trunc(fRoot[:]))
 		tracing.AnnotateError(span, err)
-		return invalidBlock{err}
+		return invalidBlock{error: err}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -126,133 +121,34 @@ func (s *Service) VerifyFinalizedBlkDescendant(ctx context.Context, root [32]byt
 // verifyBlkFinalizedSlot validates input block is not less than or equal
 // to current finalized slot.
 func (s *Service) verifyBlkFinalizedSlot(b interfaces.BeaconBlock) error {
-	finalized, err := s.store.FinalizedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get finalized checkpoint")
-	}
+	finalized := s.ForkChoicer().FinalizedCheckpoint()
 	finalizedSlot, err := slots.EpochStart(finalized.Epoch)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if finalizedSlot >= b.Slot() {
 		err = fmt.Errorf("block is equal or earlier than finalized block, slot %d < slot %d", b.Slot(), finalizedSlot)
-		return invalidBlock{err}
+		return invalidBlock{error: err}
 	}
 	return nil
 }

-// shouldUpdateCurrentJustified prevents bouncing attack, by only update conflicting justified
-// checkpoints in the fork choice if in the early slots of the epoch.
-// Otherwise, delay incorporation of new justified checkpoint until next epoch boundary.
-//
-// Spec code:
-// def should_update_justified_checkpoint(store: Store, new_justified_checkpoint: Checkpoint) -> bool:
-//    """
-//    To address the bouncing attack, only update conflicting justified
-//    checkpoints in the fork choice if in the early slots of the epoch.
-//    Otherwise, delay incorporation of new justified checkpoint until next epoch boundary.
-//
-//    See https://ethresear.ch/t/prevention-of-bouncing-attack-on-ffg/6114 for more detailed analysis and discussion.
-//    """
-//    if compute_slots_since_epoch_start(get_current_slot(store)) < SAFE_SLOTS_TO_UPDATE_JUSTIFIED:
-//        return True
-//
-//    justified_slot = compute_start_slot_at_epoch(store.justified_checkpoint.epoch)
-//    if not get_ancestor(store, new_justified_checkpoint.root, justified_slot) == store.justified_checkpoint.root:
-//        return False
-//
-//    return True
-func (s *Service) shouldUpdateCurrentJustified(ctx context.Context, newJustifiedCheckpt *ethpb.Checkpoint) (bool, error) {
-	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.shouldUpdateCurrentJustified")
-	defer span.End()
-
-	if slots.SinceEpochStarts(s.CurrentSlot()) < params.BeaconConfig().SafeSlotsToUpdateJustified {
-		return true, nil
-	}
-	justified, err := s.store.JustifiedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, errors.Wrap(err, "could not get justified checkpoint")
-	}
-	jSlot, err := slots.EpochStart(justified.Epoch)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-	justifiedRoot := s.ensureRootNotZeros(bytesutil.ToBytes32(newJustifiedCheckpt.Root))
-	b, err := s.ancestor(ctx, justifiedRoot[:], jSlot)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-	if !bytes.Equal(b, justified.Root) {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	return true, nil
-}
-
-func (s *Service) updateJustified(ctx context.Context, state state.ReadOnlyBeaconState) error {
-	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.updateJustified")
-	defer span.End()
-
-	cpt := state.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint()
-	bestJustified, err := s.store.BestJustifiedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get best justified checkpoint")
-	}
-	if cpt.Epoch > bestJustified.Epoch {
-		s.store.SetBestJustifiedCheckpt(cpt)
-	}
-	canUpdate, err := s.shouldUpdateCurrentJustified(ctx, cpt)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if canUpdate {
-		justified, err := s.store.JustifiedCheckpt()
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get justified checkpoint")
-		}
-		s.store.SetPrevJustifiedCheckpt(justified)
-		h, err := s.getPayloadHash(ctx, cpt.Root)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		s.store.SetJustifiedCheckptAndPayloadHash(cpt, h)
-		// Update forkchoice's justified checkpoint
-		if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.UpdateJustifiedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{
-			Epoch: cpt.Epoch, Root: bytesutil.ToBytes32(cpt.Root)}); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// This caches input checkpoint as justified for the service struct. It rotates current justified to previous justified,
-// caches justified checkpoint balances for fork choice and save justified checkpoint in DB.
-// This method does not have defense against fork choice bouncing attack, which is why it's only recommend to be used during initial syncing.
-func (s *Service) updateJustifiedInitSync(ctx context.Context, cp *ethpb.Checkpoint) error {
-	justified, err := s.store.JustifiedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get justified checkpoint")
-	}
-	s.store.SetPrevJustifiedCheckpt(justified)
-
-	if err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveJustifiedCheckpoint(ctx, cp); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	h, err := s.getPayloadHash(ctx, cp.Root)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	s.store.SetJustifiedCheckptAndPayloadHash(cp, h)
-	return s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.UpdateJustifiedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{
-		Epoch: cp.Epoch, Root: bytesutil.ToBytes32(cp.Root)})
-}
-
+// updateFinalized saves the init sync blocks, finalized checkpoint, migrates
+// to cold old states and saves the last validated checkpoint to DB. It returns
+// early if the new checkpoint is older than the one on db.
 func (s *Service) updateFinalized(ctx context.Context, cp *ethpb.Checkpoint) error {
 	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.updateFinalized")
 	defer span.End()

+	// return early if new checkpoint is not newer than the one in DB
+	currentFinalized, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.FinalizedCheckpoint(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if cp.Epoch <= currentFinalized.Epoch {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	// Blocks need to be saved so that we can retrieve finalized block from
 	// DB when migrating states.
 	if err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlocks(ctx, s.getInitSyncBlocks()); err != nil {
@@ -266,7 +162,7 @@ func (s *Service) updateFinalized(ctx context.Context, cp *ethpb.Checkpoint) err

 	fRoot := bytesutil.ToBytes32(cp.Root)
 	optimistic, err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.IsOptimistic(fRoot)
-	if err != nil && err != protoarray.ErrUnknownNodeRoot && err != doublylinkedtree.ErrNilNode {
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, doublylinkedtree.ErrNilNode) {
 		return err
 	}
 	if !optimistic {
@@ -275,24 +171,30 @@ func (s *Service) updateFinalized(ctx context.Context, cp *ethpb.Checkpoint) err
 			return err
 		}
 	}
-	if err := s.cfg.StateGen.MigrateToCold(ctx, fRoot); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not migrate to cold")
-	}
+	go func() {
+		// We do not pass in the parent context from the method as this method call
+		// is meant to be asynchronous and run in the background rather than being
+		// tied to the execution of a block.
+		if err := s.cfg.StateGen.MigrateToCold(s.ctx, fRoot); err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Error("could not migrate to cold")
+		}
+	}()
 	return nil
 }

 // ancestor returns the block root of an ancestry block from the input block root.
 //
 // Spec pseudocode definition:
-//   def get_ancestor(store: Store, root: Root, slot: Slot) -> Root:
-//    block = store.blocks[root]
-//    if block.slot > slot:
-//        return get_ancestor(store, block.parent_root, slot)
-//    elif block.slot == slot:
-//        return root
-//    else:
-//        # root is older than queried slot, thus a skip slot. Return most recent root prior to slot
-//        return root
+//
+//	def get_ancestor(store: Store, root: Root, slot: Slot) -> Root:
+//	 block = store.blocks[root]
+//	 if block.slot > slot:
+//	     return get_ancestor(store, block.parent_root, slot)
+//	 elif block.slot == slot:
+//	     return root
+//	 else:
+//	     # root is older than queried slot, thus a skip slot. Return most recent root prior to slot
+//	     return root
 func (s *Service) ancestor(ctx context.Context, root []byte, slot types.Slot) ([]byte, error) {
 	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.ancestor")
 	defer span.End()
@@ -321,7 +223,8 @@ func (s *Service) ancestorByForkChoiceStore(ctx context.Context, r [32]byte, slo
 	if !s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.HasParent(r) {
 		return nil, errors.New("could not find root in fork choice store")
 	}
-	return s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.AncestorRoot(ctx, r, slot)
+	root, err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.AncestorRoot(ctx, r, slot)
+	return root[:], err
 }

 // This retrieves an ancestor root using DB. The look up is recursively looking up DB. Slower than `ancestorByForkChoiceStore`.
@@ -343,7 +246,7 @@ func (s *Service) ancestorByDB(ctx context.Context, r [32]byte, slot types.Slot)
 		return r[:], nil
 	}

-	return s.ancestorByDB(ctx, bytesutil.ToBytes32(b.ParentRoot()), slot)
+	return s.ancestorByDB(ctx, b.ParentRoot(), slot)
 }

 // This retrieves missing blocks from DB (ie. the blocks that couldn't be received over sync) and inserts them to fork choice store.
@@ -353,10 +256,7 @@ func (s *Service) fillInForkChoiceMissingBlocks(ctx context.Context, blk interfa
 	pendingNodes := make([]*forkchoicetypes.BlockAndCheckpoints, 0)

 	// Fork choice only matters from last finalized slot.
-	finalized, err := s.store.FinalizedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	finalized := s.ForkChoicer().FinalizedCheckpoint()
 	fSlot, err := slots.EpochStart(finalized.Epoch)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -364,7 +264,7 @@ func (s *Service) fillInForkChoiceMissingBlocks(ctx context.Context, blk interfa
 	pendingNodes = append(pendingNodes, &forkchoicetypes.BlockAndCheckpoints{Block: blk,
 		JustifiedCheckpoint: jCheckpoint, FinalizedCheckpoint: fCheckpoint})
 	// As long as parent node is not in fork choice store, and parent node is in DB.
-	root := bytesutil.ToBytes32(blk.ParentRoot())
+	root := blk.ParentRoot()
 	for !s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.HasNode(root) && s.cfg.BeaconDB.HasBlock(ctx, root) {
 		b, err := s.getBlock(ctx, root)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -373,7 +273,7 @@ func (s *Service) fillInForkChoiceMissingBlocks(ctx context.Context, blk interfa
 		if b.Block().Slot() <= fSlot {
 			break
 		}
-		root = bytesutil.ToBytes32(b.Block().ParentRoot())
+		root = b.Block().ParentRoot()
 		args := &forkchoicetypes.BlockAndCheckpoints{Block: b.Block(),
 			JustifiedCheckpoint: jCheckpoint,
 			FinalizedCheckpoint: fCheckpoint}
@@ -382,7 +282,7 @@ func (s *Service) fillInForkChoiceMissingBlocks(ctx context.Context, blk interfa
 	if len(pendingNodes) == 1 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	if root != s.ensureRootNotZeros(bytesutil.ToBytes32(finalized.Root)) {
+	if root != s.ensureRootNotZeros(finalized.Root) && !s.ForkChoicer().HasNode(root) {
 		return errNotDescendantOfFinalized
 	}
 	return s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertOptimisticChain(ctx, pendingNodes)
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block_test.go
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_attestation.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_attestation.go
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/async/event"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/feed"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/async/event"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/feed"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )
@@ -71,10 +71,7 @@ func (s *Service) VerifyFinalizedConsistency(ctx context.Context, root []byte) e
 		return nil
 	}

-	f, err := s.FinalizedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	f := s.FinalizedCheckpt()
 	ss, err := slots.EpochStart(f.Epoch)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -123,14 +120,12 @@ func (s *Service) spawnProcessAttestationsRoutine(stateFeed *event.Feed) {
 			case <-s.ctx.Done():
 				return
 			case <-st.C():
-				if err := s.NewSlot(s.ctx, s.CurrentSlot()); err != nil {
+				if err := s.ForkChoicer().NewSlot(s.ctx, s.CurrentSlot()); err != nil {
 					log.WithError(err).Error("Could not process new slot")
-					return
 				}

 				if err := s.UpdateHead(s.ctx); err != nil {
 					log.WithError(err).Error("Could not process attestations and update head")
-					return
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -140,30 +135,26 @@ func (s *Service) spawnProcessAttestationsRoutine(stateFeed *event.Feed) {
 // UpdateHead updates the canonical head of the chain based on information from fork-choice attestations and votes.
 // It requires no external inputs.
 func (s *Service) UpdateHead(ctx context.Context) error {
-	// Continue when there's no fork choice attestation, there's nothing to process and update head.
-	// This covers the condition when the node is still initial syncing to the head of the chain.
-	if s.cfg.AttPool.ForkchoiceAttestationCount() == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
 	// Only one process can process attestations and update head at a time.
 	s.processAttestationsLock.Lock()
 	defer s.processAttestationsLock.Unlock()

+	start := time.Now()
 	s.processAttestations(ctx)
+	processAttsElapsedTime.Observe(float64(time.Since(start).Milliseconds()))

-	justified, err := s.store.JustifiedCheckpt()
+	justified := s.ForkChoicer().JustifiedCheckpoint()
+	balances, err := s.justifiedBalances.get(ctx, justified.Root)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	balances, err := s.justifiedBalances.get(ctx, bytesutil.ToBytes32(justified.Root))
+	start = time.Now()
+	newHeadRoot, err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Head(ctx, balances)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	newHeadRoot, err := s.updateHead(ctx, balances)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Warn("Resolving fork due to new attestation")
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not compute head from new attestations")
 	}
+	newAttHeadElapsedTime.Observe(float64(time.Since(start).Milliseconds()))
+
 	s.headLock.RLock()
 	if s.headRoot() != newHeadRoot {
 		log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
@@ -172,33 +163,35 @@ func (s *Service) UpdateHead(ctx context.Context) error {
 		}).Debug("Head changed due to attestations")
 	}
 	s.headLock.RUnlock()
-	s.notifyEngineIfChangedHead(ctx, newHeadRoot)
+	if err := s.notifyEngineIfChangedHead(ctx, newHeadRoot); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	return nil
 }

 // This calls notify Forkchoice Update in the event that the head has changed
-func (s *Service) notifyEngineIfChangedHead(ctx context.Context, newHeadRoot [32]byte) {
+func (s *Service) notifyEngineIfChangedHead(ctx context.Context, newHeadRoot [32]byte) error {
 	s.headLock.RLock()
 	if newHeadRoot == [32]byte{} || s.headRoot() == newHeadRoot {
 		s.headLock.RUnlock()
-		return
+		return nil
 	}
 	s.headLock.RUnlock()

 	if !s.hasBlockInInitSyncOrDB(ctx, newHeadRoot) {
 		log.Debug("New head does not exist in DB. Do nothing")
-		return // We don't have the block, don't notify the engine and update head.
+		return nil // We don't have the block, don't notify the engine and update head.
 	}

 	newHeadBlock, err := s.getBlock(ctx, newHeadRoot)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not get new head block")
-		return
+		return nil
 	}
 	headState, err := s.cfg.StateGen.StateByRoot(ctx, newHeadRoot)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not get state from db")
-		return
+		return nil
 	}
 	arg := &notifyForkchoiceUpdateArg{
 		headState: headState,
@@ -207,11 +200,12 @@ func (s *Service) notifyEngineIfChangedHead(ctx context.Context, newHeadRoot [32
 	}
 	_, err = s.notifyForkchoiceUpdate(s.ctx, arg)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("could not notify forkchoice update")
+		return err
 	}
 	if err := s.saveHead(ctx, newHeadRoot, newHeadBlock, headState); err != nil {
 		log.WithError(err).Error("could not save head")
 	}
+	return nil
 }

 // This processes fork choice attestations from the pool to account for validator votes and fork choice.
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_attestation_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_attestation_test.go
@@ -5,20 +5,21 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/cache"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/transition"
-	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db/testing"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/operations/attestations"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/util"
-	prysmTime "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/cache"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/transition"
+	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/db/testing"
+	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/operations/attestations"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/util"
+	prysmTime "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 	logTest "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 )

@@ -48,17 +49,13 @@ func TestVerifyLMDFFGConsistent_NotOK(t *testing.T) {

 	b32 := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b32.Block.Slot = 32
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b32)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, service.cfg.BeaconDB, b32)
 	r32, err := b32.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	b33 := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b33.Block.Slot = 33
 	b33.Block.ParentRoot = r32[:]
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b33)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, service.cfg.BeaconDB, b33)
 	r33, err := b33.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

@@ -79,17 +76,13 @@ func TestVerifyLMDFFGConsistent_OK(t *testing.T) {

 	b32 := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b32.Block.Slot = 32
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b32)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, service.cfg.BeaconDB, b32)
 	r32, err := b32.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	b33 := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b33.Block.Slot = 33
 	b33.Block.ParentRoot = r32[:]
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b33)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, service.cfg.BeaconDB, b33)
 	r33, err := b33.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

@@ -120,7 +113,9 @@ func TestProcessAttestations_Ok(t *testing.T) {
 	copied, err = transition.ProcessSlots(ctx, copied, 1)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(ctx, copied, tRoot))
-	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 0, tRoot, tRoot, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 1, 1)
+	ofc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 0, tRoot, tRoot, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.AttPool.SaveForkchoiceAttestations(atts))
@@ -137,15 +132,15 @@ func TestNotifyEngineIfChangedHead(t *testing.T) {
 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	service.cfg.ProposerSlotIndexCache = cache.NewProposerPayloadIDsCache()
-	service.notifyEngineIfChangedHead(ctx, service.headRoot())
+	require.NoError(t, service.notifyEngineIfChangedHead(ctx, service.headRoot()))
 	hookErr := "could not notify forkchoice update"
 	invalidStateErr := "Could not get state from db"
 	require.LogsDoNotContain(t, hook, invalidStateErr)
 	require.LogsDoNotContain(t, hook, hookErr)
-	gb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
+	gb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	service.saveInitSyncBlock([32]byte{'a'}, gb)
-	service.notifyEngineIfChangedHead(ctx, [32]byte{'a'})
+	require.NoError(t, service.saveInitSyncBlock(ctx, [32]byte{'a'}, gb))
+	require.NoError(t, service.notifyEngineIfChangedHead(ctx, [32]byte{'a'}))
 	require.LogsContain(t, hook, invalidStateErr)

 	hook.Reset()
@@ -157,12 +152,11 @@ func TestNotifyEngineIfChangedHead(t *testing.T) {
 	// Block in Cache
 	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b.Block.Slot = 2
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b)
+	wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	r1, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	service.saveInitSyncBlock(r1, wsb)
-	finalized := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: r1[:], Epoch: 0}
+	require.NoError(t, service.saveInitSyncBlock(ctx, r1, wsb))
 	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 1)
 	service.head = &head{
 		slot:  1,
@@ -170,21 +164,17 @@ func TestNotifyEngineIfChangedHead(t *testing.T) {
 		block: wsb,
 		state: st,
 	}
-	service.cfg.ProposerSlotIndexCache.SetProposerAndPayloadIDs(2, 1, [8]byte{1})
-	service.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(finalized, [32]byte{})
-	service.notifyEngineIfChangedHead(ctx, r1)
+	service.cfg.ProposerSlotIndexCache.SetProposerAndPayloadIDs(2, 1, [8]byte{1}, [32]byte{2})
+	require.NoError(t, service.notifyEngineIfChangedHead(ctx, r1))
 	require.LogsDoNotContain(t, hook, invalidStateErr)
 	require.LogsDoNotContain(t, hook, hookErr)

 	// Block in DB
 	b = util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b.Block.Slot = 3
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, service.cfg.BeaconDB, b)
 	r1, err = b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	finalized = &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: r1[:], Epoch: 0}
 	st, _ = util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 1)
 	service.head = &head{
 		slot:  1,
@@ -192,57 +182,123 @@ func TestNotifyEngineIfChangedHead(t *testing.T) {
 		block: wsb,
 		state: st,
 	}
-	service.cfg.ProposerSlotIndexCache.SetProposerAndPayloadIDs(2, 1, [8]byte{1})
-	service.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(finalized, [32]byte{})
-	service.notifyEngineIfChangedHead(ctx, r1)
+	service.cfg.ProposerSlotIndexCache.SetProposerAndPayloadIDs(2, 1, [8]byte{1}, [32]byte{2})
+	require.NoError(t, service.notifyEngineIfChangedHead(ctx, r1))
 	require.LogsDoNotContain(t, hook, invalidStateErr)
 	require.LogsDoNotContain(t, hook, hookErr)
-	vId, payloadID, has := service.cfg.ProposerSlotIndexCache.GetProposerPayloadIDs(2)
+	vId, payloadID, has := service.cfg.ProposerSlotIndexCache.GetProposerPayloadIDs(2, [32]byte{2})
 	require.Equal(t, true, has)
 	require.Equal(t, types.ValidatorIndex(1), vId)
 	require.Equal(t, [8]byte{1}, payloadID)

 	// Test zero headRoot returns immediately.
 	headRoot := service.headRoot()
-	service.notifyEngineIfChangedHead(ctx, [32]byte{})
+	require.NoError(t, service.notifyEngineIfChangedHead(ctx, [32]byte{}))
 	require.Equal(t, service.headRoot(), headRoot)
 }

 func TestService_ProcessAttestationsAndUpdateHead(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	opts := testServiceOptsWithDB(t)
-	opts = append(opts, WithAttestationPool(attestations.NewPool()), WithStateNotifier(&mockBeaconNode{}))
+	fcs := doublylinkedtree.New()
+	opts = append(opts,
+		WithAttestationPool(attestations.NewPool()),
+		WithStateNotifier(&mockBeaconNode{}),
+		WithForkChoiceStore(fcs),
+	)

 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	service.genesisTime = prysmTime.Now().Add(-1 * time.Duration(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot) * time.Second)
+	service.genesisTime = prysmTime.Now().Add(-2 * time.Duration(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot) * time.Second)
 	genesisState, pks := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 64)
-	require.NoError(t, genesisState.SetGenesisTime(uint64(prysmTime.Now().Unix())-params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot))
 	require.NoError(t, service.saveGenesisData(ctx, genesisState))
-	atts, err := util.GenerateAttestations(genesisState, pks, 1, 0, false)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	tRoot := bytesutil.ToBytes32(atts[0].Data.Target.Root)
 	copied := genesisState.Copy()
-	copied, err = transition.ProcessSlots(ctx, copied, 1)
+	// Generate a new block for attesters to attest
+	blk, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(copied, pks, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 1)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(ctx, copied, tRoot))
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveStateSummary(ctx, &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: tRoot[:]}))
-	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 0, tRoot, tRoot, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, 1, 1)
+	tRoot, err := blk.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, service.onBlock(ctx, wsb, tRoot))
+	copied, err = service.cfg.StateGen.StateByRoot(ctx, tRoot)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 2, fcs.NodeCount())
+	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+
+	// Generate attestations for this block in Slot 1
+	atts, err := util.GenerateAttestations(copied, pks, 1, 1, false)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.AttPool.SaveForkchoiceAttestations(atts))
-	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	wb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b)
+	// Verify the target is in forkchoice
+	require.Equal(t, true, fcs.HasNode(bytesutil.ToBytes32(atts[0].Data.BeaconBlockRoot)))
+
+	// Insert a new block to forkchoice
+	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 0, Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	b, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(genesisState, pks, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 2)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	b.Block.ParentRoot = service.originBlockRoot[:]
 	r, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wb))
-	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, wb.Block().Slot(), r, bytesutil.ToBytes32(wb.Block().ParentRoot()), [32]byte{}, 0, 0)
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, service.cfg.BeaconDB, b)
+	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 2, r, service.originBlockRoot, [32]byte{'b'}, ojc, ojc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
+	require.Equal(t, 3, fcs.NodeCount())
 	service.head.root = r // Old head
+
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(service.cfg.AttPool.ForkchoiceAttestations()))
 	require.NoError(t, err, service.UpdateHead(ctx))
-	require.Equal(t, tRoot, service.head.root)                             // Validate head is the new one
+
 	require.Equal(t, 0, len(service.cfg.AttPool.ForkchoiceAttestations())) // Validate att pool is empty
+	require.Equal(t, tRoot, service.head.root)                             // Validate head is the new one
+}
+
+func TestService_UpdateHead_NoAtts(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	opts := testServiceOptsWithDB(t)
+	fcs := doublylinkedtree.New()
+	opts = append(opts,
+		WithAttestationPool(attestations.NewPool()),
+		WithStateNotifier(&mockBeaconNode{}),
+		WithForkChoiceStore(fcs),
+	)
+
+	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	service.genesisTime = prysmTime.Now().Add(-2 * time.Duration(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot) * time.Second)
+	genesisState, pks := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 64)
+	require.NoError(t, service.saveGenesisData(ctx, genesisState))
+	copied := genesisState.Copy()
+	// Generate a new block
+	blk, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(copied, pks, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	tRoot, err := blk.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, service.onBlock(ctx, wsb, tRoot))
+	require.Equal(t, 2, fcs.NodeCount())
+	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	require.Equal(t, tRoot, service.head.root)
+
+	// Insert a new block to forkchoice
+	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 0, Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
+	b, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(genesisState, pks, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	b.Block.ParentRoot = service.originBlockRoot[:]
+	r, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, service.cfg.BeaconDB, b)
+	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 2, r, service.originBlockRoot, [32]byte{'b'}, ojc, ojc)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, state, blkRoot))
+	require.Equal(t, 3, fcs.NodeCount())
+
+	require.Equal(t, 0, service.cfg.AttPool.ForkchoiceAttestationCount())
+	require.NoError(t, err, service.UpdateHead(ctx))
+
+	require.Equal(t, 0, len(service.cfg.AttPool.ForkchoiceAttestations())) // Validate att pool is empty
+	require.Equal(t, r, service.head.root)                                 // Validate head is the new one
+
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_block.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_block.go
@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ import (
 	"context"

 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/feed"
-	statefeed "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/interfaces"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/monitoring/tracing"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/feed"
+	statefeed "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/monitoring/tracing"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )

@@ -32,14 +32,17 @@ type SlashingReceiver interface {

 // ReceiveBlock is a function that defines the operations (minus pubsub)
 // that are performed on a received block. The operations consist of:
-//   1. Validate block, apply state transition and update checkpoints
-//   2. Apply fork choice to the processed block
-//   3. Save latest head info
+//  1. Validate block, apply state transition and update checkpoints
+//  2. Apply fork choice to the processed block
+//  3. Save latest head info
 func (s *Service) ReceiveBlock(ctx context.Context, block interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock, blockRoot [32]byte) error {
 	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.ReceiveBlock")
 	defer span.End()
 	receivedTime := time.Now()
-	blockCopy := block.Copy()
+	blockCopy, err := block.Copy()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}

 	// Apply state transition on the new block.
 	if err := s.onBlock(ctx, blockCopy, blockRoot); err != nil {
@@ -59,23 +62,21 @@ func (s *Service) ReceiveBlock(ctx context.Context, block interfaces.SignedBeaco
 	}

 	// Reports on block and fork choice metrics.
-	justified, err := s.store.JustifiedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	finalized, err := s.store.FinalizedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return errNilFinalizedInStore
-	}
+	finalized := s.FinalizedCheckpt()
 	reportSlotMetrics(blockCopy.Block().Slot(), s.HeadSlot(), s.CurrentSlot(), finalized)

 	// Log block sync status.
+	justified := s.CurrentJustifiedCheckpt()
 	if err := logBlockSyncStatus(blockCopy.Block(), blockRoot, justified, finalized, receivedTime, uint64(s.genesisTime.Unix())); err != nil {
-		return err
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Unable to log block sync status")
+	}
+	// Log payload data
+	if err := logPayload(blockCopy.Block()); err != nil {
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Unable to log debug block payload data")
 	}
 	// Log state transition data.
 	if err := logStateTransitionData(blockCopy.Block()); err != nil {
-		return err
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Unable to log state transition data")
 	}

 	return nil
@@ -96,7 +97,10 @@ func (s *Service) ReceiveBlockBatch(ctx context.Context, blocks []interfaces.Sig
 	}

 	for i, b := range blocks {
-		blockCopy := b.Copy()
+		blockCopy, err := b.Copy()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 		// Send notification of the processed block to the state feed.
 		s.cfg.StateNotifier.StateFeed().Send(&feed.Event{
 			Type: statefeed.BlockProcessed,
@@ -109,20 +113,14 @@ func (s *Service) ReceiveBlockBatch(ctx context.Context, blocks []interfaces.Sig
 		})

 		// Reports on blockCopy and fork choice metrics.
-		finalized, err := s.store.FinalizedCheckpt()
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get finalized checkpoint")
-		}
+		finalized := s.FinalizedCheckpt()
 		reportSlotMetrics(blockCopy.Block().Slot(), s.HeadSlot(), s.CurrentSlot(), finalized)
 	}

 	if err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlocks(ctx, s.getInitSyncBlocks()); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	finalized, err := s.store.FinalizedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get finalized checkpoint")
-	}
+	finalized := s.FinalizedCheckpt()
 	if finalized == nil {
 		return errNilFinalizedInStore
 	}
@@ -130,7 +128,7 @@ func (s *Service) ReceiveBlockBatch(ctx context.Context, blocks []interfaces.Sig
 		// log.Fatalf will prevent defer from being called
 		span.End()
 		// Exit run time if the node failed to verify weak subjectivity checkpoint.
-		log.Fatalf("Could not verify weak subjectivity checkpoint: %v", err)
+		log.WithError(err).Fatal("Could not verify weak subjectivity checkpoint")
 	}

 	return nil
@@ -152,11 +150,6 @@ func (s *Service) handlePostBlockOperations(b interfaces.BeaconBlock) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	// Add block attestations to the fork choice pool to compute head.
-	if err := s.cfg.AttPool.SaveBlockAttestations(b.Body().Attestations()); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Could not save block attestations for fork choice: %v", err)
-		return nil
-	}
 	// Mark block exits as seen so we don't include same ones in future blocks.
 	for _, e := range b.Body().VoluntaryExits() {
 		s.cfg.ExitPool.MarkIncluded(e)
@@ -175,10 +168,7 @@ func (s *Service) checkSaveHotStateDB(ctx context.Context) error {
 	currentEpoch := slots.ToEpoch(s.CurrentSlot())
 	// Prevent `sinceFinality` going underflow.
 	var sinceFinality types.Epoch
-	finalized, err := s.store.FinalizedCheckpt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	finalized := s.FinalizedCheckpt()
 	if finalized == nil {
 		return errNilFinalizedInStore
 	}
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_block_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_block_test.go
@@ -6,21 +6,21 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"

-	blockchainTesting "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/blockchain/testing"
-	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db/testing"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/protoarray"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/operations/attestations"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/operations/voluntaryexits"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/interfaces"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/assert"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/util"
+	blockchainTesting "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/blockchain/testing"
+	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/db/testing"
+	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/operations/attestations"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/operations/voluntaryexits"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/assert"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/util"
 	logTest "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 )

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func TestService_ReceiveBlock(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		return blk
 	}
-	params.SetupTestConfigCleanup(t)
+	params.SetupTestConfigCleanupWithLock(t)
 	bc := params.BeaconConfig().Copy()
 	bc.ShardCommitteePeriod = 0 // Required for voluntary exits test in reasonable time.
 	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(bc)
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ func TestService_ReceiveBlock(t *testing.T) {
 				),
 			},
 			check: func(t *testing.T, s *Service) {
-				if baCount := len(s.cfg.AttPool.BlockAttestations()); baCount != 2 {
+				if baCount := len(s.cfg.AttPool.BlockAttestations()); baCount != 0 {
 					t.Errorf("Did not get the correct number of block attestations saved to the pool. "+
-						"Got %d but wanted %d", baCount, 2)
+						"Got %d but wanted %d", baCount, 0)
 				}
 			},
 		},
@@ -119,33 +119,32 @@ func TestService_ReceiveBlock(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}

+	wg := new(sync.WaitGroup)
 	for _, tt := range tests {
+		wg.Add(1)
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 			genesisBlockRoot := bytesutil.ToBytes32(nil)
 			require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, genesis, genesisBlockRoot))

+			fc := doublylinkedtree.New()
 			opts := []Option{
 				WithDatabase(beaconDB),
-				WithForkChoiceStore(protoarray.New()),
+				WithForkChoiceStore(fc),
 				WithAttestationPool(attestations.NewPool()),
 				WithExitPool(voluntaryexits.NewPool()),
 				WithStateNotifier(&blockchainTesting.MockStateNotifier{RecordEvents: true}),
-				WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB)),
+				WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB, fc)),
 				WithFinalizedStateAtStartUp(genesis),
 			}
 			s, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
+			// Initialize it here.
+			_ = s.cfg.StateNotifier.StateFeed()
 			require.NoError(t, s.saveGenesisData(ctx, genesis))
-			gBlk, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.GenesisBlock(ctx)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			gRoot, err := gBlk.Block().HashTreeRoot()
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			h := [32]byte{'a'}
-			s.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: gRoot[:]}, h)
 			root, err := tt.args.block.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(tt.args.block)
+			wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(tt.args.block)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			err = s.ReceiveBlock(ctx, wsb, root)
 			if tt.wantedErr != "" {
@@ -154,8 +153,10 @@ func TestService_ReceiveBlock(t *testing.T) {
 				assert.NoError(t, err)
 				tt.check(t, s)
 			}
+			wg.Done()
 		})
 	}
+	wg.Wait()
 }

 func TestService_ReceiveBlockUpdateHead(t *testing.T) {
@@ -166,29 +167,27 @@ func TestService_ReceiveBlockUpdateHead(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	genesisBlockRoot := bytesutil.ToBytes32(nil)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, genesis, genesisBlockRoot))
+	fc := doublylinkedtree.New()
 	opts := []Option{
 		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
-		WithForkChoiceStore(protoarray.New()),
+		WithForkChoiceStore(fc),
 		WithAttestationPool(attestations.NewPool()),
 		WithExitPool(voluntaryexits.NewPool()),
 		WithStateNotifier(&blockchainTesting.MockStateNotifier{RecordEvents: true}),
-		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB)),
+		WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB, fc)),
 	}

 	s, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	// Initialize it here.
+	_ = s.cfg.StateNotifier.StateFeed()
 	require.NoError(t, s.saveGenesisData(ctx, genesis))
-	gBlk, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.GenesisBlock(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	gRoot, err := gBlk.Block().HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	s.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: gRoot[:]}, [32]byte{'a'})
 	root, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
 	wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
-		wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b)
+		wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.NoError(t, s.ReceiveBlock(ctx, wsb, root))
 		wg.Done()
@@ -245,26 +244,21 @@ func TestService_ReceiveBlockBatch(t *testing.T) {

 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			fc := doublylinkedtree.New()
 			beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 			opts := []Option{
 				WithDatabase(beaconDB),
-				WithForkChoiceStore(protoarray.New()),
+				WithForkChoiceStore(fc),
 				WithStateNotifier(&blockchainTesting.MockStateNotifier{RecordEvents: true}),
-				WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB)),
+				WithStateGen(stategen.New(beaconDB, fc)),
 			}
 			s, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			err = s.saveGenesisData(ctx, genesis)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			gBlk, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.GenesisBlock(ctx)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			gRoot, err := gBlk.Block().HashTreeRoot()
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			s.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: gRoot[:]}, [32]byte{'a'})
 			root, err := tt.args.block.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(tt.args.block)
+			wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(tt.args.block)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			blks := []interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock{wsb}
 			roots := [][32]byte{root}
@@ -288,19 +282,17 @@ func TestService_HasBlock(t *testing.T) {
 	if s.HasBlock(context.Background(), r) {
 		t.Error("Should not have block")
 	}
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
+	wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	s.saveInitSyncBlock(r, wsb)
+	require.NoError(t, s.saveInitSyncBlock(context.Background(), r, wsb))
 	if !s.HasBlock(context.Background(), r) {
 		t.Error("Should have block")
 	}
 	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b.Block.Slot = 1
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), s.cfg.BeaconDB, b)
 	r, err = b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), wsb))
 	require.Equal(t, true, s.HasBlock(context.Background(), r))
 }

@@ -311,7 +303,6 @@ func TestCheckSaveHotStateDB_Enabling(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	st := params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch.Mul(uint64(epochsSinceFinalitySaveHotStateDB))
 	s.genesisTime = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(-1*int64(st)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)) * time.Second)
-	s.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{}, [32]byte{})

 	require.NoError(t, s.checkSaveHotStateDB(context.Background()))
 	assert.LogsContain(t, hook, "Entering mode to save hot states in DB")
@@ -322,7 +313,8 @@ func TestCheckSaveHotStateDB_Disabling(t *testing.T) {
 	opts := testServiceOptsWithDB(t)
 	s, err := NewService(context.Background(), opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	s.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{}, [32]byte{})
+	st := params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch.Mul(uint64(epochsSinceFinalitySaveHotStateDB))
+	s.genesisTime = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(-1*int64(st)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)) * time.Second)
 	require.NoError(t, s.checkSaveHotStateDB(context.Background()))
 	s.genesisTime = time.Now()

@@ -335,7 +327,6 @@ func TestCheckSaveHotStateDB_Overflow(t *testing.T) {
 	opts := testServiceOptsWithDB(t)
 	s, err := NewService(context.Background(), opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	s.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{}, [32]byte{})
 	s.genesisTime = time.Now()

 	require.NoError(t, s.checkSaveHotStateDB(context.Background()))
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/service.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/service.go
@@ -11,43 +11,36 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/async/event"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/blockchain/store"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/cache"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/cache/depositcache"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/feed"
-	statefeed "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/transition"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db"
-	f "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice"
-	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/protoarray"
-	forkchoicetypes "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/operations/attestations"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/operations/slashings"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/operations/voluntaryexits"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/p2p"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/powchain"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/cmd/beacon-chain/flags"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/features"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/interfaces"
-	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	prysmTime "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/async/event"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/cache"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/cache/depositcache"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/feed"
+	statefeed "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/transition"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/db"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/execution"
+	f "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice"
+	forkchoicetypes "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/operations/attestations"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/operations/blstoexec"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/operations/slashings"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/operations/voluntaryexits"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/p2p"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/features"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	types "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/primitives"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	prysmTime "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
 )

-// headSyncMinEpochsAfterCheckpoint defines how many epochs should elapse after known finalization
-// checkpoint for head sync to be triggered.
-const headSyncMinEpochsAfterCheckpoint = 128
-
 // Service represents a service that handles the internal
 // logic of managing the full PoS beacon chain.
 type Service struct {
@@ -65,20 +58,20 @@ type Service struct {
 	initSyncBlocksLock      sync.RWMutex
 	justifiedBalances       *stateBalanceCache
 	wsVerifier              *WeakSubjectivityVerifier
-	store                   *store.Store
 	processAttestationsLock sync.Mutex
 }

 // config options for the service.
 type config struct {
 	BeaconBlockBuf          int
-	ChainStartFetcher       powchain.ChainStartFetcher
+	ChainStartFetcher       execution.ChainStartFetcher
 	BeaconDB                db.HeadAccessDatabase
 	DepositCache            *depositcache.DepositCache
 	ProposerSlotIndexCache  *cache.ProposerPayloadIDsCache
 	AttPool                 attestations.Pool
 	ExitPool                voluntaryexits.PoolManager
 	SlashingPool            slashings.PoolManager
+	BLSToExecPool           blstoexec.PoolManager
 	P2p                     p2p.Broadcaster
 	MaxRoutines             int
 	StateNotifier           statefeed.Notifier
@@ -87,9 +80,9 @@ type config struct {
 	StateGen                *stategen.State
 	SlasherAttestationsFeed *event.Feed
 	WeakSubjectivityCheckpt *ethpb.Checkpoint
-	BlockFetcher            powchain.POWBlockFetcher
+	BlockFetcher            execution.POWBlockFetcher
 	FinalizedStateAtStartUp state.BeaconState
-	ExecutionEngineCaller   powchain.EngineCaller
+	ExecutionEngineCaller   execution.EngineCaller
 }

 // NewService instantiates a new block service instance that will
@@ -103,7 +96,6 @@ func NewService(ctx context.Context, opts ...Option) (*Service, error) {
 		checkpointStateCache: cache.NewCheckpointStateCache(),
 		initSyncBlocks:       make(map[[32]byte]interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock),
 		cfg:                  &config{},
-		store:                &store.Store{},
 	}
 	for _, opt := range opts {
 		if err := opt(srv); err != nil {
@@ -133,7 +125,7 @@ func (s *Service) Start() {
 			log.Fatal(err)
 		}
 	} else {
-		if err := s.startFromPOWChain(); err != nil {
+		if err := s.startFromExecutionChain(); err != nil {
 			log.Fatal(err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -164,6 +156,15 @@ func (s *Service) Stop() error {
 // Status always returns nil unless there is an error condition that causes
 // this service to be unhealthy.
 func (s *Service) Status() error {
+	optimistic, err := s.IsOptimistic(s.ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to check if service is optimistic")
+	}
+	if optimistic {
+		return errors.New("service is optimistic, and only limited service functionality is provided " +
+			"please check if execution layer is fully synced")
+	}
+
 	if s.originBlockRoot == params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash {
 		return errors.New("genesis state has not been created")
 	}
@@ -204,40 +205,34 @@ func (s *Service) StartFromSavedState(saved state.BeaconState) error {
 	if finalized == nil {
 		return errNilFinalizedCheckpoint
 	}
-	s.store = store.New(justified, finalized)

-	var forkChoicer f.ForkChoicer
 	fRoot := s.ensureRootNotZeros(bytesutil.ToBytes32(finalized.Root))
-	if features.Get().EnableForkChoiceDoublyLinkedTree {
-		forkChoicer = doublylinkedtree.New()
-	} else {
-		forkChoicer = protoarray.New()
-	}
-	s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore = forkChoicer
-	if err := forkChoicer.UpdateJustifiedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{Epoch: justified.Epoch,
+	if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.UpdateJustifiedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{Epoch: justified.Epoch,
 		Root: bytesutil.ToBytes32(justified.Root)}); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not update forkchoice's justified checkpoint")
 	}
-	if err := forkChoicer.UpdateFinalizedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{Epoch: finalized.Epoch,
+	if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.UpdateFinalizedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{Epoch: finalized.Epoch,
 		Root: bytesutil.ToBytes32(finalized.Root)}); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not update forkchoice's finalized checkpoint")
 	}
+	s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.SetGenesisTime(uint64(s.genesisTime.Unix()))

 	st, err := s.cfg.StateGen.StateByRoot(s.ctx, fRoot)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get finalized checkpoint state")
 	}
-	if err := forkChoicer.InsertNode(s.ctx, st, fRoot); err != nil {
+	if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(s.ctx, st, fRoot); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not insert finalized block to forkchoice")
 	}
-
-	lastValidatedCheckpoint, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.LastValidatedCheckpoint(s.ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get last validated checkpoint")
-	}
-	if bytes.Equal(finalized.Root, lastValidatedCheckpoint.Root) {
-		if err := forkChoicer.SetOptimisticToValid(s.ctx, fRoot); err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not set finalized block as validated")
+	if !features.Get().EnableStartOptimistic {
+		lastValidatedCheckpoint, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.LastValidatedCheckpoint(s.ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get last validated checkpoint")
+		}
+		if bytes.Equal(finalized.Root, lastValidatedCheckpoint.Root) {
+			if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.SetOptimisticToValid(s.ctx, fRoot); err != nil {
+				return errors.Wrap(err, "could not set finalized block as validated")
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	// not attempting to save initial sync blocks here, because there shouldn't be any until
@@ -274,7 +269,7 @@ func (s *Service) originRootFromSavedState(ctx context.Context) ([32]byte, error
 	if err != nil {
 		return originRoot, errors.Wrap(err, "could not get genesis block from db")
 	}
-	if err := wrapper.BeaconBlockIsNil(genesisBlock); err != nil {
+	if err := blocks.BeaconBlockIsNil(genesisBlock); err != nil {
 		return originRoot, err
 	}
 	genesisBlkRoot, err := genesisBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
@@ -305,41 +300,6 @@ func (s *Service) initializeHeadFromDB(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get finalized state from db")
 	}

-	if flags.Get().HeadSync {
-		headBlock, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.HeadBlock(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not retrieve head block")
-		}
-		headEpoch := slots.ToEpoch(headBlock.Block().Slot())
-		var epochsSinceFinality types.Epoch
-		if headEpoch > finalized.Epoch {
-			epochsSinceFinality = headEpoch - finalized.Epoch
-		}
-		// Head sync when node is far enough beyond known finalized epoch,
-		// this becomes really useful during long period of non-finality.
-		if epochsSinceFinality >= headSyncMinEpochsAfterCheckpoint {
-			headRoot, err := headBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
-			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrap(err, "could not hash head block")
-			}
-			finalizedState, err := s.cfg.StateGen.Resume(ctx, s.cfg.FinalizedStateAtStartUp)
-			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get finalized state from db")
-			}
-			log.Infof("Regenerating state from the last checkpoint at slot %d to current head slot of %d."+
-				"This process may take a while, please wait.", finalizedState.Slot(), headBlock.Block().Slot())
-			headState, err := s.cfg.StateGen.StateByRoot(ctx, headRoot)
-			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrap(err, "could not retrieve head state")
-			}
-			s.setHead(headRoot, headBlock, headState)
-			return nil
-		} else {
-			log.Warnf("Finalized checkpoint at slot %d is too close to the current head slot, "+
-				"resetting head from the checkpoint ('--%s' flag is ignored).",
-				finalizedState.Slot(), flags.HeadSync.Name)
-		}
-	}
 	if finalizedState == nil || finalizedState.IsNil() {
 		return errors.New("finalized state can't be nil")
 	}
@@ -348,15 +308,17 @@ func (s *Service) initializeHeadFromDB(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get finalized block")
 	}
-	s.setHead(finalizedRoot, finalizedBlock, finalizedState)
+	if err := s.setHead(finalizedRoot, finalizedBlock, finalizedState); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not set head")
+	}

 	return nil
 }

-func (s *Service) startFromPOWChain() error {
+func (s *Service) startFromExecutionChain() error {
 	log.Info("Waiting to reach the validator deposit threshold to start the beacon chain...")
 	if s.cfg.ChainStartFetcher == nil {
-		return errors.New("not configured web3Service for POW chain")
+		return errors.New("not configured execution chain")
 	}
 	go func() {
 		stateChannel := make(chan *feed.Event, 1)
@@ -372,7 +334,7 @@ func (s *Service) startFromPOWChain() error {
 						return
 					}
 					log.WithField("starttime", data.StartTime).Debug("Received chain start event")
-					s.onPowchainStart(s.ctx, data.StartTime)
+					s.onExecutionChainStart(s.ctx, data.StartTime)
 					return
 				}
 			case <-s.ctx.Done():
@@ -388,18 +350,18 @@ func (s *Service) startFromPOWChain() error {
 	return nil
 }

-// onPowchainStart initializes a series of deposits from the ChainStart deposits in the eth1
+// onExecutionChainStart initializes a series of deposits from the ChainStart deposits in the eth1
 // deposit contract, initializes the beacon chain's state, and kicks off the beacon chain.
-func (s *Service) onPowchainStart(ctx context.Context, genesisTime time.Time) {
+func (s *Service) onExecutionChainStart(ctx context.Context, genesisTime time.Time) {
 	preGenesisState := s.cfg.ChainStartFetcher.PreGenesisState()
 	initializedState, err := s.initializeBeaconChain(ctx, genesisTime, preGenesisState, s.cfg.ChainStartFetcher.ChainStartEth1Data())
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Could not initialize beacon chain: %v", err)
+		log.WithError(err).Fatal("Could not initialize beacon chain")
 	}
 	// We start a counter to genesis, if needed.
 	gRoot, err := initializedState.HashTreeRoot(s.ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Could not hash tree root genesis state: %v", err)
+		log.WithError(err).Fatal("Could not hash tree root genesis state")
 	}
 	go slots.CountdownToGenesis(ctx, genesisTime, uint64(initializedState.NumValidators()), gRoot)

@@ -471,18 +433,19 @@ func (s *Service) saveGenesisData(ctx context.Context, genesisState state.Beacon
 	s.originBlockRoot = genesisBlkRoot
 	s.cfg.StateGen.SaveFinalizedState(0 /*slot*/, genesisBlkRoot, genesisState)

-	// Finalized checkpoint at genesis is a zero hash.
-	genesisCheckpoint := genesisState.FinalizedCheckpoint()
-	s.store = store.New(genesisCheckpoint, genesisCheckpoint)
-
 	if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, genesisState, genesisBlkRoot); err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Could not process genesis block for fork choice: %v", err)
+		log.WithError(err).Fatal("Could not process genesis block for fork choice")
 	}
+	s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.SetOriginRoot(genesisBlkRoot)
+	// Set genesis as fully validated
 	if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.SetOptimisticToValid(ctx, genesisBlkRoot); err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Could not set optimistic status of genesis block to false: %v", err)
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "Could not set optimistic status of genesis block to false")
 	}
+	s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.SetGenesisTime(uint64(s.genesisTime.Unix()))

-	s.setHead(genesisBlkRoot, genesisBlk, genesisState)
+	if err := s.setHead(genesisBlkRoot, genesisBlk, genesisState); err != nil {
+		log.WithError(err).Fatal("Could not set head")
+	}
 	return nil
 }

@@ -506,11 +469,11 @@ func spawnCountdownIfPreGenesis(ctx context.Context, genesisTime time.Time, db d

 	gState, err := db.GenesisState(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Could not retrieve genesis state: %v", err)
+		log.WithError(err).Fatal("Could not retrieve genesis state")
 	}
 	gRoot, err := gState.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Could not hash tree root genesis state: %v", err)
+		log.WithError(err).Fatal("Could not hash tree root genesis state")
 	}
 	go slots.CountdownToGenesis(ctx, genesisTime, uint64(gState.NumValidators()), gRoot)
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/service_norace_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/service_norace_test.go
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"testing"

-	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db/testing"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/util"
+	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/db/testing"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/util"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func TestChainService_SaveHead_DataRace(t *testing.T) {
 	s := &Service{
 		cfg: &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB},
 	}
-	b, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
+	b, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
 	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 1)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	go func() {
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/service_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/service_test.go
@@ -8,36 +8,34 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/async/event"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/blockchain/store"
-	mock "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/blockchain/testing"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/cache/depositcache"
-	b "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/feed"
-	statefeed "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/transition"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db"
-	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db/testing"
-	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/forkchoice/protoarray"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/operations/attestations"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/p2p"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/powchain"
-	mockPOW "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/powchain/testing"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
-	v1 "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state/v1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/cmd/beacon-chain/flags"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/config/params"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/interfaces"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/consensus-types/wrapper"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/container/trie"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/encoding/bytesutil"
-	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/assert"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/require"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/testing/util"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/time/slots"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/async/event"
+	mock "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/blockchain/testing"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/cache/depositcache"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/feed"
+	statefeed "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/transition"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/db"
+	testDB "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/db/testing"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/execution"
+	mockExecution "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/execution/testing"
+	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/operations/attestations"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/p2p"
+	state_native "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state/state-native"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/features"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/config/params"
+	consensusblocks "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/container/trie"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/encoding/bytesutil"
+	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/assert"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/require"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/testing/util"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/time/slots"
 	logTest "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 )
@@ -77,19 +75,19 @@ var _ p2p.Broadcaster = (*mockBroadcaster)(nil)

 func setupBeaconChain(t *testing.T, beaconDB db.Database) *Service {
 	ctx := context.Background()
-	var web3Service *powchain.Service
+	var web3Service *execution.Service
 	var err error
-	srv, endpoint, err := mockPOW.SetupRPCServer()
+	srv, endpoint, err := mockExecution.SetupRPCServer()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		srv.Stop()
 	})
 	bState, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 10)
-	pbState, err := v1.ProtobufBeaconState(bState.InnerStateUnsafe())
+	pbState, err := state_native.ProtobufBeaconStatePhase0(bState.ToProtoUnsafe())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	mockTrie, err := trie.NewTrie(0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = beaconDB.SavePowchainData(ctx, &ethpb.ETH1ChainData{
+	err = beaconDB.SaveExecutionChainData(ctx, &ethpb.ETH1ChainData{
 		BeaconState: pbState,
 		Trie:        mockTrie.ToProto(),
 		CurrentEth1Data: &ethpb.LatestETH1Data{
@@ -105,11 +103,11 @@ func setupBeaconChain(t *testing.T, beaconDB db.Database) *Service {
 		DepositContainers: []*ethpb.DepositContainer{},
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	web3Service, err = powchain.NewService(
+	web3Service, err = execution.NewService(
 		ctx,
-		powchain.WithDatabase(beaconDB),
-		powchain.WithHttpEndpoints([]string{endpoint}),
-		powchain.WithDepositContractAddress(common.Address{}),
+		execution.WithDatabase(beaconDB),
+		execution.WithHttpEndpoint(endpoint),
+		execution.WithDepositContractAddress(common.Address{}),
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Unable to set up web3 service")

@@ -119,7 +117,8 @@ func setupBeaconChain(t *testing.T, beaconDB db.Database) *Service {
 	depositCache, err := depositcache.New()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	stateGen := stategen.New(beaconDB)
+	fc := doublylinkedtree.New()
+	stateGen := stategen.New(beaconDB, fc)
 	// Safe a state in stategen to purposes of testing a service stop / shutdown.
 	require.NoError(t, stateGen.SaveState(ctx, bytesutil.ToBytes32(bState.FinalizedCheckpoint().Root), bState))

@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ func setupBeaconChain(t *testing.T, beaconDB db.Database) *Service {
 		WithAttestationPool(attestations.NewPool()),
 		WithP2PBroadcaster(&mockBroadcaster{}),
 		WithStateNotifier(&mockBeaconNode{}),
-		WithForkChoiceStore(protoarray.New()),
+		WithForkChoiceStore(fc),
 		WithAttestationService(attService),
 		WithStateGen(stateGen),
 	}
@@ -152,9 +151,7 @@ func TestChainStartStop_Initialized(t *testing.T) {
 	genesisBlk := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	blkRoot, err := genesisBlk.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(genesisBlk)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, genesisBlk)
 	s, err := util.NewBeaconState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, s.SetSlot(1))
@@ -189,9 +186,7 @@ func TestChainStartStop_GenesisZeroHashes(t *testing.T) {
 	genesisBlk := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	blkRoot, err := genesisBlk.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(genesisBlk)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	wsb := util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, genesisBlk)
 	s, err := util.NewBeaconState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, s, blkRoot))
@@ -222,9 +217,9 @@ func TestChainService_InitializeBeaconChain(t *testing.T) {
 	count := uint64(10)
 	deposits, _, err := util.DeterministicDepositsAndKeys(count)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	trie, _, err := util.DepositTrieFromDeposits(deposits)
+	dt, _, err := util.DepositTrieFromDeposits(deposits)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	hashTreeRoot, err := trie.HashTreeRoot()
+	hashTreeRoot, err := dt.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	genState, err := transition.EmptyGenesisState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -234,7 +229,7 @@ func TestChainService_InitializeBeaconChain(t *testing.T) {
 		BlockHash:    make([]byte, 32),
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	genState, err = b.ProcessPreGenesisDeposits(ctx, genState, deposits)
+	genState, err = blocks.ProcessPreGenesisDeposits(ctx, genState, deposits)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	_, err = bc.initializeBeaconChain(ctx, time.Unix(0, 0), genState, &ethpb.Eth1Data{DepositRoot: hashTreeRoot[:], BlockHash: make([]byte, 32)})
@@ -263,9 +258,7 @@ func TestChainService_CorrectGenesisRoots(t *testing.T) {
 	genesisBlk := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	blkRoot, err := genesisBlk.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(genesisBlk)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, genesisBlk)
 	s, err := util.NewBeaconState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, s.SetSlot(0))
@@ -277,10 +270,9 @@ func TestChainService_CorrectGenesisRoots(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test the start function.
 	chainService.Start()

-	cp, err := chainService.store.FinalizedCheckpt()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	cp := chainService.FinalizedCheckpt()
 	require.DeepEqual(t, blkRoot[:], cp.Root, "Finalize Checkpoint root is incorrect")
-	cp, err = chainService.store.JustifiedCheckpt()
+	cp = chainService.CurrentJustifiedCheckpt()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.DeepEqual(t, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:], cp.Root, "Justified Checkpoint root is incorrect")

@@ -296,9 +288,7 @@ func TestChainService_InitializeChainInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	genesisRoot, err := genesis.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, genesisRoot))
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(genesis)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, genesis)

 	finalizedSlot := params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch*2 + 1
 	headBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
@@ -312,23 +302,30 @@ func TestChainService_InitializeChainInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, headState, headRoot))
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, headState, genesisRoot))
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(headBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, headBlock)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveFinalizedCheckpoint(ctx, &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: slots.ToEpoch(finalizedSlot), Root: headRoot[:]}))
 	attSrv, err := attestations.NewService(ctx, &attestations.Config{})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	stateGen := stategen.New(beaconDB)
-	c, err := NewService(ctx, WithDatabase(beaconDB), WithStateGen(stateGen), WithAttestationService(attSrv), WithStateNotifier(&mock.MockStateNotifier{}), WithFinalizedStateAtStartUp(headState))
+	fc := doublylinkedtree.New()
+	stateGen := stategen.New(beaconDB, fc)
+	c, err := NewService(ctx,
+		WithForkChoiceStore(fc),
+		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
+		WithStateGen(stateGen),
+		WithAttestationService(attSrv),
+		WithStateNotifier(&mock.MockStateNotifier{}),
+		WithFinalizedStateAtStartUp(headState))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, stateGen.SaveState(ctx, headRoot, headState))
 	require.NoError(t, c.StartFromSavedState(headState))
 	headBlk, err := c.HeadBlock(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.DeepEqual(t, headBlock, headBlk.Proto(), "Head block incorrect")
+	pb, err := headBlk.Proto()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.DeepEqual(t, headBlock, pb, "Head block incorrect")
 	s, err := c.HeadState(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.DeepSSZEqual(t, headState.InnerStateUnsafe(), s.InnerStateUnsafe(), "Head state incorrect")
+	assert.DeepSSZEqual(t, headState.ToProtoUnsafe(), s.ToProtoUnsafe(), "Head state incorrect")
 	assert.Equal(t, c.HeadSlot(), headBlock.Block.Slot, "Head slot incorrect")
 	r, err := c.HeadRoot(context.Background())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -346,9 +343,7 @@ func TestChainService_InitializeChainInfo_SetHeadAtGenesis(t *testing.T) {
 	genesisRoot, err := genesis.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, genesisRoot))
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(genesis)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, genesis)

 	finalizedSlot := params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch*2 + 1
 	headBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
@@ -362,9 +357,7 @@ func TestChainService_InitializeChainInfo_SetHeadAtGenesis(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, headState, headRoot))
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, headState, genesisRoot))
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(headBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, headBlock)
 	attSrv, err := attestations.NewService(ctx, &attestations.Config{})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	ss := &ethpb.StateSummary{
@@ -373,115 +366,33 @@ func TestChainService_InitializeChainInfo_SetHeadAtGenesis(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(ctx, ss))
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveFinalizedCheckpoint(ctx, &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: headRoot[:], Epoch: slots.ToEpoch(finalizedSlot)}))
-	stateGen := stategen.New(beaconDB)
-	c, err := NewService(ctx, WithDatabase(beaconDB), WithStateGen(stateGen), WithAttestationService(attSrv), WithStateNotifier(&mock.MockStateNotifier{}), WithFinalizedStateAtStartUp(headState))
+	fc := doublylinkedtree.New()
+	stateGen := stategen.New(beaconDB, fc)
+	c, err := NewService(ctx,
+		WithForkChoiceStore(fc),
+		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
+		WithStateGen(stateGen),
+		WithAttestationService(attSrv),
+		WithStateNotifier(&mock.MockStateNotifier{}),
+		WithFinalizedStateAtStartUp(headState))
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.NoError(t, c.StartFromSavedState(headState))
 	s, err := c.HeadState(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.DeepSSZEqual(t, headState.InnerStateUnsafe(), s.InnerStateUnsafe(), "Head state incorrect")
+	assert.DeepSSZEqual(t, headState.ToProtoUnsafe(), s.ToProtoUnsafe(), "Head state incorrect")
 	assert.Equal(t, genesisRoot, c.originBlockRoot, "Genesis block root incorrect")
-	assert.DeepEqual(t, headBlock, c.head.block.Proto())
-}
-
-func TestChainService_InitializeChainInfo_HeadSync(t *testing.T) {
-	resetFlags := flags.Get()
-	flags.Init(&flags.GlobalFlags{
-		HeadSync: true,
-	})
-	defer func() {
-		flags.Init(resetFlags)
-	}()
-
-	hook := logTest.NewGlobal()
-	finalizedSlot := params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch*2 + 1
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	genesisBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	genesisRoot, err := genesisBlock.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	pb, err := c.head.block.Proto()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, genesisRoot))
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(genesisBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
-
-	finalizedBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	finalizedBlock.Block.Slot = finalizedSlot
-	finalizedBlock.Block.ParentRoot = genesisRoot[:]
-	finalizedRoot, err := finalizedBlock.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(finalizedBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
-
-	// Set head slot close to the finalization point, no head sync is triggered.
-	headBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	headBlock.Block.Slot = finalizedSlot + params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch*5
-	headBlock.Block.ParentRoot = finalizedRoot[:]
-	headRoot, err := headBlock.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(headBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
-
-	headState, err := util.NewBeaconState()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, headState.SetSlot(headBlock.Block.Slot))
-	require.NoError(t, headState.SetGenesisValidatorsRoot(params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]))
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, headState, headRoot))
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, headState, finalizedRoot))
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveHeadBlockRoot(ctx, headRoot))
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveFinalizedCheckpoint(ctx, &ethpb.Checkpoint{
-		Epoch: slots.ToEpoch(finalizedBlock.Block.Slot),
-		Root:  finalizedRoot[:],
-	}))
-
-	attSrv, err := attestations.NewService(ctx, &attestations.Config{})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	stateGen := stategen.New(beaconDB)
-	c, err := NewService(ctx, WithDatabase(beaconDB), WithStateGen(stateGen), WithAttestationService(attSrv), WithStateNotifier(&mock.MockStateNotifier{}), WithFinalizedStateAtStartUp(headState))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.StartFromSavedState(headState))
-	s, err := c.HeadState(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.DeepSSZEqual(t, headState.InnerStateUnsafe(), s.InnerStateUnsafe(), "Head state incorrect")
-	assert.Equal(t, genesisRoot, c.originBlockRoot, "Genesis block root incorrect")
-	// Since head sync is not triggered, chain is initialized to the last finalization checkpoint.
-	assert.DeepEqual(t, finalizedBlock, c.head.block.Proto())
-	assert.LogsContain(t, hook, "resetting head from the checkpoint ('--head-sync' flag is ignored)")
-	assert.LogsDoNotContain(t, hook, "Regenerating state from the last checkpoint at slot")
-
-	// Set head slot far beyond the finalization point, head sync should be triggered.
-	headBlock = util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	headBlock.Block.Slot = finalizedSlot + params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch*headSyncMinEpochsAfterCheckpoint
-	headBlock.Block.ParentRoot = finalizedRoot[:]
-	headRoot, err = headBlock.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err = wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(headBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, headState, headRoot))
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveHeadBlockRoot(ctx, headRoot))
-
-	hook.Reset()
-	require.NoError(t, c.initializeHeadFromDB(ctx))
-	s, err = c.HeadState(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.DeepSSZEqual(t, headState.InnerStateUnsafe(), s.InnerStateUnsafe(), "Head state incorrect")
-	assert.Equal(t, genesisRoot, c.originBlockRoot, "Genesis block root incorrect")
-	// Head slot is far beyond the latest finalized checkpoint, head sync is triggered.
-	assert.DeepEqual(t, headBlock, c.head.block.Proto())
-	assert.LogsContain(t, hook, "Regenerating state from the last checkpoint at slot 225")
-	assert.LogsDoNotContain(t, hook, "resetting head from the checkpoint ('--head-sync' flag is ignored)")
+	assert.DeepEqual(t, headBlock, pb)
 }

 func TestChainService_SaveHeadNoDB(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	ctx := context.Background()
+	fc := doublylinkedtree.New()
 	s := &Service{
-		cfg: &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, StateGen: stategen.New(beaconDB)},
+		cfg: &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, StateGen: stategen.New(beaconDB, fc), ForkChoiceStore: fc},
 	}
 	blk := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	blk.Block.Slot = 1
@@ -490,7 +401,7 @@ func TestChainService_SaveHeadNoDB(t *testing.T) {
 	newState, err := util.NewBeaconState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, s.cfg.StateGen.SaveState(ctx, r, newState))
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
+	wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, s.saveHeadNoDB(ctx, wsb, r, newState))

@@ -501,43 +412,20 @@ func TestChainService_SaveHeadNoDB(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestHasBlock_ForkChoiceAndDB_ProtoArray(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	s := &Service{
-		cfg:   &config{ForkChoiceStore: protoarray.New(), BeaconDB: beaconDB},
-		store: &store.Store{},
-	}
-	s.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 0, Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}, [32]byte{})
-	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	r, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	beaconState, err := util.NewBeaconState()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, s.insertBlockAndAttestationsToForkChoiceStore(ctx, wsb.Block(), r, beaconState))
-
-	assert.Equal(t, false, s.hasBlock(ctx, [32]byte{}), "Should not have block")
-	assert.Equal(t, true, s.hasBlock(ctx, r), "Should have block")
-}
-
 func TestHasBlock_ForkChoiceAndDB_DoublyLinkedTree(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	s := &Service{
-		cfg:   &config{ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New(), BeaconDB: beaconDB},
-		store: &store.Store{},
+		cfg: &config{ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New(), BeaconDB: beaconDB},
 	}
-	s.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 0, Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}, [32]byte{})
 	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	r, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	beaconState, err := util.NewBeaconState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b)
+	wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, s.insertBlockAndAttestationsToForkChoiceStore(ctx, wsb.Block(), r, beaconState))
+	require.NoError(t, s.insertBlockToForkchoiceStore(ctx, wsb.Block(), r, beaconState))

 	assert.Equal(t, false, s.hasBlock(ctx, [32]byte{}), "Should not have block")
 	assert.Equal(t, true, s.hasBlock(ctx, r), "Should have block")
@@ -547,17 +435,17 @@ func TestServiceStop_SaveCachedBlocks(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	s := &Service{
-		cfg:            &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, StateGen: stategen.New(beaconDB)},
+		cfg:            &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, StateGen: stategen.New(beaconDB, doublylinkedtree.New())},
 		ctx:            ctx,
 		cancel:         cancel,
 		initSyncBlocks: make(map[[32]byte]interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock),
 	}
-	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	r, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	bb := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+	r, err := bb.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(b)
+	wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(bb)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	s.saveInitSyncBlock(r, wsb)
+	require.NoError(t, s.saveInitSyncBlock(ctx, r, wsb))
 	require.NoError(t, s.Stop())
 	require.Equal(t, true, s.cfg.BeaconDB.HasBlock(ctx, r))
 }
@@ -568,7 +456,7 @@ func TestProcessChainStartTime_ReceivedFeed(t *testing.T) {
 	stateChannel := make(chan *feed.Event, 1)
 	stateSub := service.cfg.StateNotifier.StateFeed().Subscribe(stateChannel)
 	defer stateSub.Unsubscribe()
-	service.onPowchainStart(context.Background(), time.Now())
+	service.onExecutionChainStart(context.Background(), time.Now())

 	stateEvent := <-stateChannel
 	require.Equal(t, int(stateEvent.Type), statefeed.Initialized)
@@ -583,7 +471,7 @@ func BenchmarkHasBlockDB(b *testing.B) {
 		cfg: &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB},
 	}
 	blk := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
+	wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
 	require.NoError(b, err)
 	require.NoError(b, s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
 	r, err := blk.Block.HashTreeRoot()
@@ -595,49 +483,73 @@ func BenchmarkHasBlockDB(b *testing.B) {
 	}
 }

-func BenchmarkHasBlockForkChoiceStore_ProtoArray(b *testing.B) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(b)
-	s := &Service{
-		cfg:   &config{ForkChoiceStore: protoarray.New(), BeaconDB: beaconDB},
-		store: &store.Store{},
-	}
-	s.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 0, Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}, [32]byte{})
-	blk := &ethpb.SignedBeaconBlock{Block: &ethpb.BeaconBlock{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{}}}
-	r, err := blk.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(b, err)
-	bs := &ethpb.BeaconState{FinalizedCheckpoint: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: make([]byte, 32)}, CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: make([]byte, 32)}}
-	beaconState, err := v1.InitializeFromProto(bs)
-	require.NoError(b, err)
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
-	require.NoError(b, err)
-	require.NoError(b, s.insertBlockAndAttestationsToForkChoiceStore(ctx, wsb.Block(), r, beaconState))
-
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		require.Equal(b, true, s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.HasNode(r), "Block is not in fork choice store")
-	}
-}
 func BenchmarkHasBlockForkChoiceStore_DoublyLinkedTree(b *testing.B) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(b)
 	s := &Service{
-		cfg:   &config{ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New(), BeaconDB: beaconDB},
-		store: &store.Store{},
+		cfg: &config{ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New(), BeaconDB: beaconDB},
 	}
-	s.store.SetFinalizedCheckptAndPayloadHash(&ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 0, Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}, [32]byte{})
 	blk := &ethpb.SignedBeaconBlock{Block: &ethpb.BeaconBlock{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{}}}
 	r, err := blk.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(b, err)
 	bs := &ethpb.BeaconState{FinalizedCheckpoint: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: make([]byte, 32)}, CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint: &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: make([]byte, 32)}}
-	beaconState, err := v1.InitializeFromProto(bs)
+	beaconState, err := state_native.InitializeFromProtoPhase0(bs)
 	require.NoError(b, err)
-	wsb, err := wrapper.WrappedSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
+	wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
 	require.NoError(b, err)
-	require.NoError(b, s.insertBlockAndAttestationsToForkChoiceStore(ctx, wsb.Block(), r, beaconState))
+	require.NoError(b, s.insertBlockToForkchoiceStore(ctx, wsb.Block(), r, beaconState))

 	b.ResetTimer()
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		require.Equal(b, true, s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.HasNode(r), "Block is not in fork choice store")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestChainService_EverythingOptimistic(t *testing.T) {
+	resetFn := features.InitWithReset(&features.Flags{
+		EnableStartOptimistic: true,
+	})
+	defer resetFn()
+	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	genesis := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+	genesisRoot, err := genesis.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, genesisRoot))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, genesis)
+
+	finalizedSlot := params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch*2 + 1
+	headBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+	headBlock.Block.Slot = finalizedSlot
+	headBlock.Block.ParentRoot = bytesutil.PadTo(genesisRoot[:], 32)
+	headState, err := util.NewBeaconState()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, headState.SetSlot(finalizedSlot))
+	require.NoError(t, headState.SetGenesisValidatorsRoot(params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]))
+	headRoot, err := headBlock.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, headState, headRoot))
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, headState, genesisRoot))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, headBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveFinalizedCheckpoint(ctx, &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: slots.ToEpoch(finalizedSlot), Root: headRoot[:]}))
+	attSrv, err := attestations.NewService(ctx, &attestations.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	fc := doublylinkedtree.New()
+	stateGen := stategen.New(beaconDB, fc)
+	c, err := NewService(ctx,
+		WithForkChoiceStore(fc),
+		WithDatabase(beaconDB),
+		WithStateGen(stateGen),
+		WithAttestationService(attSrv),
+		WithStateNotifier(&mock.MockStateNotifier{}),
+		WithFinalizedStateAtStartUp(headState))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, stateGen.SaveState(ctx, headRoot, headState))
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveLastValidatedCheckpoint(ctx, &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: slots.ToEpoch(finalizedSlot), Root: headRoot[:]}))
+	require.NoError(t, c.StartFromSavedState(headState))
+	require.Equal(t, true, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.HasNode(headRoot))
+	op, err := c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.IsOptimistic(headRoot)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, true, op)
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/state_balance_cache.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/state_balance_cache.go
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"sync"

-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/time"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/core/time"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state"
+	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v3/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
 )

 type stateBalanceCache struct {
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
@@ -1 +1 @@
 .0.0
 .3.0