Implement process attestation

**What type of PR is this?**
Other

**What does this PR do? Why is it needed?**

**Before:**
```
[2026-01-02 13:29:50.13] DEBUG sync: Accepted data column sidecars summary columnIndices=[0 1 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 23 28 29 31 32 35 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 47 48 49 50 51 52 55 58 59 60 62 65 66 68 70 73 74 75 76 78 79 81 83 84 88 89 90 93 94 95 96 98 99 103 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 113 114 115 117 118 119 121 122] gossipScores=[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] peers=[rjzcRC oxj6o4 HCT2LE HCT2LE oxj6o4 oxj6o4 oxj6o4 oxj6o4 oxj6o4 oxj6o4 oxj6o4 oxj6o4 HCT2LE HCT2LE aZAzfp HCT2LE HCT2LE oxj6o4 oxj6o4 oxj6o4 HCT2LE oxj6o4 oxj6o4 HCT2LE oxj6o4 HCT2LE oxj6o4 oxj6o4 oxj6o4 HCT2LE oxj6o4 oxj6o4 HCT2LE HCT2LE oxj6o4 oxj6o4 oxj6o4 oxj6o4 oxj6o4 HCT2LE oxj6o4 HCT2LE oxj6o4 oxj6o4 HCT2LE aZAzfp oxj6o4 oxj6o4 YdJQCg oxj6o4 oxj6o4 oxj6o4 HCT2LE oxj6o4 HCT2LE HCT2LE 5jMhEK HCT2LE oxj6o4 oxj6o4 oxj6o4 oxj6o4 oxj6o4 oxj6o4 HCT2LE rjzcRC oxj6o4 HCT2LE oxj6o4 oxj6o4 HCT2LE oxj6o4 oxj6o4 HCT2LE HCT2LE HCT2LE oxj6o4] receivedCount=77 sinceStartTimes=[869.00ms 845.00ms 797.00ms 795.00ms 805.00ms 906.00ms 844.00ms 849.00ms 843.00ms 844.00ms 821.00ms 796.00ms 794.00ms 796.00ms 838.00ms 842.00ms 843.00ms 848.00ms 795.00ms 820.00ms 797.00ms 830.00ms 801.00ms 794.00ms 925.00ms 924.00ms 935.00ms 843.00ms 802.00ms 796.00ms 802.00ms 798.00ms 794.00ms 796.00ms 796.00ms 843.00ms 802.00ms 830.00ms 826.00ms 796.00ms 819.00ms 801.00ms 852.00ms 877.00ms 876.00ms 843.00ms 843.00ms 844.00ms 1138.00ms 843.00ms 886.00ms 805.00ms 794.00ms 844.00ms 909.00ms 845.00ms 889.00ms 798.00ms 792.00ms 843.00ms 878.00ms 802.00ms 798.00ms 849.00ms 826.00ms 815.00ms 844.00ms 797.00ms 795.00ms 798.00ms 843.00ms 844.00ms 845.00ms 845.00ms 867.00ms 805.00ms 800.00ms] slot=2095599 validationTimes=[399.00ms 423.00ms 470.00ms 472.00ms 463.00ms 362.00ms 423.00ms 419.00ms 425.00ms 423.00ms 446.00ms 471.00ms 473.00ms 471.00ms 429.00ms 425.00ms 424.00ms 419.00ms 471.00ms 448.00ms 470.00ms 437.00ms 467.00ms 472.00ms 342.00ms 343.00ms 332.00ms 424.00ms 465.00ms 471.00ms 465.00ms 469.00ms 473.00ms 470.00ms 470.00ms 424.00ms 466.00ms 438.00ms 442.00ms 471.00ms 448.00ms 467.00ms 416.00ms 390.00ms 392.00ms 424.00ms 425.00ms 423.00ms 140.00ms 424.00ms 381.00ms 462.00ms 473.00ms 423.00ms 359.00ms 423.00ms 378.00ms 469.00ms 475.00ms 425.00ms 390.00ms 465.00ms 469.00ms 419.00ms 442.00ms 452.00ms 423.00ms 470.00ms 473.00ms 469.00ms 424.00ms 423.00ms 423.00ms 423.00ms 400.00ms 462.00ms 467.00ms]
```


**After:**
```
[2026-01-02 16:48:48.61] DEBUG sync: Accepted data column sidecars summary count=31 indices=0-1,3-5,7,21,24,27,29,36-37,46,48,55,57,66,70,76,82,89,93-94,97,99-101,113,120,124,126 root=0x409a4eac4761a3199f60dec0dfe50b6eed91e29d6c3671bb61704401906d2b69 sinceStartTime=[min: 512.181127ms, avg: 541.358688ms, max: 557.074707ms] slot=2096594 validationTime=[min: 13.357515ms, avg: 55.1343ms, max: 73.909889ms]
```

Distributions are still available on metrics:
<img width="792" height="309" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/15128283-6740-4387-b205-41fb18205f54"
/>

<img width="799" height="322" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/e0d602fa-db06-4cd3-8ec7-1ee2671c9921"
/>


**Which issues(s) does this PR fix?**

Fixes:
- https://github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/issues/16208

**Other notes for review**

**Acknowledgements**
- [x] I have read
[CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/blob/develop/CONTRIBUTING.md).
- [x] I have included a uniquely named [changelog fragment
file](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/blob/develop/CONTRIBUTING.md#maintaining-changelogmd).
- [x] I have added a description with sufficient context for reviewers
to understand this PR.
- [x] I have tested that my changes work as expected and I added a
testing plan to the PR description (if applicable).

beacon-chain/blockchain/execution_engine_test.go

@@ -1053,40 +1053,3 @@ func TestKZGCommitmentToVersionedHashes(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, vhs[0].String(), vh0)
 	require.Equal(t, vhs[1].String(), vh1)
 }
-
-func TestComputePayloadAttribute(t *testing.T) {
-	service, tr := minimalTestService(t, WithPayloadIDCache(cache.NewPayloadIDCache()))
-	ctx := tr.ctx
-
-	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisStateBellatrix(t, 1)
-
-	service.cfg.TrackedValidatorsCache.Set(cache.TrackedValidator{Active: true, Index: 0})
-	// Cache hit, advance state, no fee recipient
-	slot := primitives.Slot(1)
-	service.cfg.PayloadIDCache.Set(slot, [32]byte{}, [8]byte{})
-	blk := util.NewBeaconBlockBellatrix()
-	signed, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(blk)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(signed, [32]byte{'a'})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	cfg := &postBlockProcessConfig{
-		ctx:     ctx,
-		roblock: roblock,
-	}
-	fcu := &fcuConfig{
-		headState:     st,
-		proposingSlot: slot,
-		headRoot:      [32]byte{},
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, service.computePayloadAttributes(cfg, fcu))
-	require.Equal(t, false, fcu.attributes.IsEmpty())
-	require.Equal(t, params.BeaconConfig().EthBurnAddressHex, common.BytesToAddress(fcu.attributes.SuggestedFeeRecipient()).String())
-
-	// Cache hit, advance state, has fee recipient
-	suggestedAddr := common.HexToAddress("123")
-	service.cfg.TrackedValidatorsCache.Set(cache.TrackedValidator{Active: true, FeeRecipient: primitives.ExecutionAddress(suggestedAddr), Index: 0})
-	service.cfg.PayloadIDCache.Set(slot, [32]byte{}, [8]byte{})
-	require.NoError(t, service.computePayloadAttributes(cfg, fcu))
-	require.Equal(t, false, fcu.attributes.IsEmpty())
-	require.Equal(t, suggestedAddr, common.BytesToAddress(fcu.attributes.SuggestedFeeRecipient()))
-}

beacon-chain/blockchain/forkchoice_update_execution.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	payloadattribute "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/payload-attribute"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/primitives"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/monitoring/tracing/trace"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/runtime/version"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/time/slots"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -53,58 +54,53 @@ type fcuConfig struct {
 }
 
 // sendFCU handles the logic to notify the engine of a forckhoice update
-// for the first time when processing an incoming block during regular sync. It
-// always updates the shuffling caches and handles epoch transitions when the
-// incoming block is late, preparing payload attributes in this case while it
-// only sends a message with empty attributes for early blocks.
-func (s *Service) sendFCU(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig, fcuArgs *fcuConfig) error {
-	if !s.isNewHead(cfg.headRoot) {
-		return nil
+// when processing an incoming block during regular sync. It
+// always updates the shuffling caches and handles epoch transitions .
+func (s *Service) sendFCU(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig, fcuArgs *fcuConfig) {
+	if cfg.postState.Version() < version.Fulu {
+		// update the caches to compute the right proposer index
+		// this function is called under a forkchoice lock which we need to release.
+		s.ForkChoicer().Unlock()
+		s.updateCachesPostBlockProcessing(cfg)
+		s.ForkChoicer().Lock()
 	}
+	if err := s.getFCUArgs(cfg, fcuArgs); err != nil {
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not get forkchoice update argument")
+		return
+	}
+	// If head has not been updated and attributes are nil, we can skip the FCU.
+	if !s.isNewHead(cfg.headRoot) && (fcuArgs.attributes == nil || fcuArgs.attributes.IsEmpty()) {
+		return
+	}
+	// If we are proposing and we aim to reorg the block, we have already sent FCU with attributes on lateBlockTasks
 	if fcuArgs.attributes != nil && !fcuArgs.attributes.IsEmpty() && s.shouldOverrideFCU(cfg.headRoot, s.CurrentSlot()+1) {
-		return nil
+		return
+	}
+	if s.inRegularSync() {
+		go s.forkchoiceUpdateWithExecution(cfg.ctx, fcuArgs)
 	}
-	return s.forkchoiceUpdateWithExecution(cfg.ctx, fcuArgs)
-}
 
-// sendFCUWithAttributes computes the payload attributes and sends an FCU message
-// to the engine if needed
-func (s *Service) sendFCUWithAttributes(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig, fcuArgs *fcuConfig) {
-	slotCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), slotDeadline)
-	defer cancel()
-	cfg.ctx = slotCtx
-	s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.RLock()
-	defer s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.RUnlock()
-	if err := s.computePayloadAttributes(cfg, fcuArgs); err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not compute payload attributes")
-		return
-	}
-	if fcuArgs.attributes.IsEmpty() {
-		return
-	}
-	if _, err := s.notifyForkchoiceUpdate(cfg.ctx, fcuArgs); err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not update forkchoice with payload attributes for proposal")
+	if s.isNewHead(fcuArgs.headRoot) {
+		if err := s.saveHead(cfg.ctx, fcuArgs.headRoot, fcuArgs.headBlock, fcuArgs.headState); err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Error("Could not save head")
+		}
+		s.pruneAttsFromPool(s.ctx, fcuArgs.headState, fcuArgs.headBlock)
 	}
 }
 
-// fockchoiceUpdateWithExecution is a wrapper around notifyForkchoiceUpdate. It decides whether a new call to FCU should be made.
-func (s *Service) forkchoiceUpdateWithExecution(ctx context.Context, args *fcuConfig) error {
+// fockchoiceUpdateWithExecution is a wrapper around notifyForkchoiceUpdate. It gets a forkchoice lock and calls the engine.
+// The caller of this function should NOT have a lock in forkchoice store.
+func (s *Service) forkchoiceUpdateWithExecution(ctx context.Context, args *fcuConfig) {
 	_, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "beacon-chain.blockchain.forkchoiceUpdateWithExecution")
 	defer span.End()
 	// Note: Use the service context here to avoid the parent context being ended during a forkchoice update.
 	ctx = trace.NewContext(s.ctx, span)
+	s.ForkChoicer().Lock()
+	defer s.ForkChoicer().Unlock()
 	_, err := s.notifyForkchoiceUpdate(ctx, args)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not notify forkchoice update")
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not notify forkchoice update")
 	}
-
-	if err := s.saveHead(ctx, args.headRoot, args.headBlock, args.headState); err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not save head")
-	}
-
-	// Only need to prune attestations from pool if the head has changed.
-	s.pruneAttsFromPool(s.ctx, args.headState, args.headBlock)
-	return nil
 }
 
 // shouldOverrideFCU checks whether the incoming block is still subject to being

beacon-chain/blockchain/forkchoice_update_execution_test.go

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ func TestService_forkchoiceUpdateWithExecution_exceptionalCases(t *testing.T) {
 		headBlock:     wsb,
 		proposingSlot: service.CurrentSlot() + 1,
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, service.forkchoiceUpdateWithExecution(ctx, args))
+	service.forkchoiceUpdateWithExecution(ctx, args)
 
 	payloadID, has := service.cfg.PayloadIDCache.PayloadID(2, [32]byte{2})
 	require.Equal(t, true, has)
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func TestService_forkchoiceUpdateWithExecution_SameHeadRootNewProposer(t *testin
 		headRoot:      r,
 		proposingSlot: service.CurrentSlot() + 1,
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, service.forkchoiceUpdateWithExecution(ctx, args))
+	service.forkchoiceUpdateWithExecution(ctx, args)
 }
 
 func TestShouldOverrideFCU(t *testing.T) {

beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block.go

@@ -66,9 +66,6 @@ func (s *Service) postBlockProcess(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) error {
 	startTime := time.Now()
 	fcuArgs := &fcuConfig{}
 
-	if s.inRegularSync() {
-		defer s.handleSecondFCUCall(cfg, fcuArgs)
-	}
 	if features.Get().EnableLightClient && slots.ToEpoch(s.CurrentSlot()) >= params.BeaconConfig().AltairForkEpoch {
 		defer s.processLightClientUpdates(cfg)
 	}
@@ -105,14 +102,17 @@ func (s *Service) postBlockProcess(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) error {
 		s.logNonCanonicalBlockReceived(cfg.roblock.Root(), cfg.headRoot)
 		return nil
 	}
-	if err := s.getFCUArgs(cfg, fcuArgs); err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not get forkchoice update argument")
-		return nil
-	}
-	if err := s.sendFCU(cfg, fcuArgs); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not send FCU to engine")
-	}
+	s.sendFCU(cfg, fcuArgs)
 
+	// Pre-Fulu the caches are updated when computing the payload attributes
+	if cfg.postState.Version() >= version.Fulu {
+		go func() {
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(s.ctx, slotDeadline)
+			defer cancel()
+			cfg.ctx = ctx
+			s.updateCachesPostBlockProcessing(cfg)
+		}()
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -322,6 +322,7 @@ func (s *Service) areSidecarsAvailable(ctx context.Context, avs das.Availability
 	return nil
 }
 
+// the caller of this function must not hold a lock in forkchoice store.
 func (s *Service) updateEpochBoundaryCaches(ctx context.Context, st state.BeaconState) error {
 	e := coreTime.CurrentEpoch(st)
 	if err := helpers.UpdateCommitteeCache(ctx, st, e); err != nil {
@@ -351,7 +352,9 @@ func (s *Service) updateEpochBoundaryCaches(ctx context.Context, st state.Beacon
 	if e > 0 {
 		e = e - 1
 	}
+	s.ForkChoicer().RLock()
 	target, err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.TargetRootForEpoch(r, e)
+	s.ForkChoicer().RUnlock()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not update proposer index state-root map")
 		return nil
@@ -364,7 +367,7 @@ func (s *Service) updateEpochBoundaryCaches(ctx context.Context, st state.Beacon
 }
 
 // Epoch boundary tasks: it copies the headState and updates the epoch boundary
-// caches.
+// caches. The caller of this function must not hold a lock in forkchoice store.
 func (s *Service) handleEpochBoundary(ctx context.Context, slot primitives.Slot, headState state.BeaconState, blockRoot []byte) error {
 	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockChain.handleEpochBoundary")
 	defer span.End()
@@ -904,8 +907,6 @@ func (s *Service) lateBlockTasks(ctx context.Context) {
 	if currentSlot == s.HeadSlot() {
 		return
 	}
-	s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.RLock()
-	defer s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.RUnlock()
 	// return early if we are in init sync
 	if !s.inRegularSync() {
 		return
@@ -918,14 +919,32 @@ func (s *Service) lateBlockTasks(ctx context.Context) {
 	if lastState == nil {
 		lastRoot, lastState = headRoot[:], headState
 	}
-	// Copy all the field tries in our cached state in the event of late
-	// blocks.
-	lastState.CopyAllTries()
-	if err := transition.UpdateNextSlotCache(ctx, lastRoot, lastState); err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Debug("Could not update next slot state cache")
-	}
-	if err := s.handleEpochBoundary(ctx, currentSlot, headState, headRoot[:]); err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not update epoch boundary caches")
+	// Before Fulu we need to process the next slot to find out if we are proposing.
+	if lastState.Version() < version.Fulu {
+		// Copy all the field tries in our cached state in the event of late
+		// blocks.
+		lastState.CopyAllTries()
+		if err := transition.UpdateNextSlotCache(ctx, lastRoot, lastState); err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Debug("Could not update next slot state cache")
+		}
+		if err := s.handleEpochBoundary(ctx, currentSlot, headState, headRoot[:]); err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Error("Could not update epoch boundary caches")
+		}
+	} else {
+		// After Fulu, we can update the caches asynchronously after sending FCU to the engine
+		defer func() {
+			go func() {
+				ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(s.ctx, slotDeadline)
+				defer cancel()
+				lastState.CopyAllTries()
+				if err := transition.UpdateNextSlotCache(ctx, lastRoot, lastState); err != nil {
+					log.WithError(err).Debug("Could not update next slot state cache")
+				}
+				if err := s.handleEpochBoundary(ctx, currentSlot, headState, headRoot[:]); err != nil {
+					log.WithError(err).Error("Could not update epoch boundary caches")
+				}
+			}()
+		}()
 	}
 	// return early if we already started building a block for the current
 	// head root
@@ -955,6 +974,8 @@ func (s *Service) lateBlockTasks(ctx context.Context) {
 		headBlock:  headBlock,
 		attributes: attribute,
 	}
+	s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
+	defer s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	_, err = s.notifyForkchoiceUpdate(ctx, fcuArgs)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithError(err).Debug("could not perform late block tasks: failed to update forkchoice with engine")

beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block_helpers.go

@@ -42,14 +42,8 @@ func (s *Service) getFCUArgs(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig, fcuArgs *fcuConfig) er
 	if err := s.getFCUArgsEarlyBlock(cfg, fcuArgs); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if !s.inRegularSync() {
-		return nil
-	}
-	slot := cfg.roblock.Block().Slot()
-	if slots.WithinVotingWindow(s.genesisTime, slot) {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return s.computePayloadAttributes(cfg, fcuArgs)
+	fcuArgs.attributes = s.getPayloadAttribute(cfg.ctx, fcuArgs.headState, fcuArgs.proposingSlot, cfg.headRoot[:])
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (s *Service) getFCUArgsEarlyBlock(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig, fcuArgs *fcuConfig) error {
@@ -173,26 +167,19 @@ func (s *Service) processLightClientUpdates(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) {
 
 // updateCachesPostBlockProcessing updates the next slot cache and handles the epoch
 // boundary in order to compute the right proposer indices after processing
-// state transition. This function is called on late blocks while still locked,
-// before sending FCU to the engine.
-func (s *Service) updateCachesPostBlockProcessing(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) error {
+// state transition. The caller of this function must not hold a lock in forkchoice store.
+func (s *Service) updateCachesPostBlockProcessing(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) {
 	slot := cfg.postState.Slot()
 	root := cfg.roblock.Root()
 	if err := transition.UpdateNextSlotCache(cfg.ctx, root[:], cfg.postState); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not update next slot state cache")
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not update next slot state cache")
+		return
 	}
 	if !slots.IsEpochEnd(slot) {
-		return nil
+		return
 	}
-	return s.handleEpochBoundary(cfg.ctx, slot, cfg.postState, root[:])
-}
-
-// handleSecondFCUCall handles a second call to FCU when syncing a new block.
-// This is useful when proposing in the next block and we want to defer the
-// computation of the next slot shuffling.
-func (s *Service) handleSecondFCUCall(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig, fcuArgs *fcuConfig) {
-	if (fcuArgs.attributes == nil || fcuArgs.attributes.IsEmpty()) && cfg.headRoot == cfg.roblock.Root() {
-		go s.sendFCUWithAttributes(cfg, fcuArgs)
+	if err := s.handleEpochBoundary(cfg.ctx, slot, cfg.postState, root[:]); err != nil {
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not handle epoch boundary")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -202,20 +189,6 @@ func reportProcessingTime(startTime time.Time) {
 	onBlockProcessingTime.Observe(float64(time.Since(startTime).Milliseconds()))
 }
 
-// computePayloadAttributes modifies the passed FCU arguments to
-// contain the right payload attributes with the tracked proposer. It gets
-// called on blocks that arrive after the attestation voting window, or in a
-// background routine after syncing early blocks.
-func (s *Service) computePayloadAttributes(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig, fcuArgs *fcuConfig) error {
-	if cfg.roblock.Root() == cfg.headRoot {
-		if err := s.updateCachesPostBlockProcessing(cfg); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	fcuArgs.attributes = s.getPayloadAttribute(cfg.ctx, fcuArgs.headState, fcuArgs.proposingSlot, cfg.headRoot[:])
-	return nil
-}
-
 // getBlockPreState returns the pre state of an incoming block. It uses the parent root of the block
 // to retrieve the state in DB. It verifies the pre state's validity and the incoming block
 // is in the correct time window.

beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block_test.go

@@ -738,7 +738,9 @@ func TestOnBlock_CanFinalize_WithOnTick(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, r, wsb, postState))
 		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, r)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 		require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, true}))
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 		require.NoError(t, service.updateJustificationOnBlock(ctx, preState, postState, currStoreJustifiedEpoch))
 		_, err = service.updateFinalizationOnBlock(ctx, preState, postState, currStoreFinalizedEpoch)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -788,7 +790,9 @@ func TestOnBlock_CanFinalize(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, r, wsb, postState))
 		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, r)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 		require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, true}))
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 		require.NoError(t, service.updateJustificationOnBlock(ctx, preState, postState, currStoreJustifiedEpoch))
 		_, err = service.updateFinalizationOnBlock(ctx, preState, postState, currStoreFinalizedEpoch)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -816,7 +820,9 @@ func TestOnBlock_NilBlock(t *testing.T) {
 	service, tr := minimalTestService(t)
 	signed := &consensusblocks.SignedBeaconBlock{}
 	roblock := consensusblocks.ROBlock{ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock: signed}
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 	err := service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{tr.ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, nil, true})
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	require.Equal(t, true, IsInvalidBlock(err))
 }
 
@@ -848,7 +854,9 @@ func TestOnBlock_CallNewPayloadAndForkchoiceUpdated(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, r, wsb, postState))
 		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, r)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 		require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 		testState, err = service.cfg.StateGen.StateByRoot(ctx, r)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	}
@@ -1321,7 +1329,9 @@ func TestOnBlock_ProcessBlocksParallel(t *testing.T) {
 			lock.Lock()
 			roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb1, r1)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
+			service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 			require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, true}))
+			service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 			lock.Unlock()
 			wg.Done()
 		}()
@@ -1333,7 +1343,9 @@ func TestOnBlock_ProcessBlocksParallel(t *testing.T) {
 			lock.Lock()
 			roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb2, r2)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
+			service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 			require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, true}))
+			service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 			lock.Unlock()
 			wg.Done()
 		}()
@@ -1345,7 +1357,9 @@ func TestOnBlock_ProcessBlocksParallel(t *testing.T) {
 			lock.Lock()
 			roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb3, r3)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
+			service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 			require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, true}))
+			service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 			lock.Unlock()
 			wg.Done()
 		}()
@@ -1357,7 +1371,9 @@ func TestOnBlock_ProcessBlocksParallel(t *testing.T) {
 			lock.Lock()
 			roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb4, r4)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
+			service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 			require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, true}))
+			service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 			lock.Unlock()
 			wg.Done()
 		}()
@@ -1382,197 +1398,6 @@ func Test_verifyBlkFinalizedSlot_invalidBlock(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, true, IsInvalidBlock(err))
 }
 
-// See the description in #10777 and #10782 for the full setup
-// We sync optimistically a chain of blocks. Block 17 is the last block in Epoch
-// 2. Block 18 justifies block 12 (the first in Epoch 2) and Block 19 returns
-// INVALID from FCU, with LVH block 17. No head is viable. We check
-// that the node is optimistic and that we can actually import a block on top of
-// 17 and recover.
-func TestStore_NoViableHead_FCU(t *testing.T) {
-	params.SetupTestConfigCleanup(t)
-	config := params.BeaconConfig()
-	config.SlotsPerEpoch = 6
-	config.AltairForkEpoch = 1
-	config.BellatrixForkEpoch = 2
-	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(config)
-
-	mockEngine := &mockExecution.EngineClient{ErrNewPayload: execution.ErrAcceptedSyncingPayloadStatus, ErrForkchoiceUpdated: execution.ErrAcceptedSyncingPayloadStatus}
-	service, tr := minimalTestService(t, WithExecutionEngineCaller(mockEngine))
-	ctx := tr.ctx
-
-	st, keys := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 64)
-	stateRoot, err := st.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Could not hash genesis state")
-
-	require.NoError(t, service.saveGenesisData(ctx, st))
-
-	genesis := blocks.NewGenesisBlock(stateRoot[:])
-	wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(genesis)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb), "Could not save genesis block")
-
-	parentRoot, err := genesis.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Could not get signing root")
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(ctx, st, parentRoot), "Could not save genesis state")
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveHeadBlockRoot(ctx, parentRoot), "Could not save genesis state")
-
-	for i := 1; i < 6; i++ {
-		driftGenesisTime(service, primitives.Slot(i), 0)
-		st, err := service.HeadState(ctx)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		b, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), primitives.Slot(i))
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		root, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		preState, err := service.getBlockPreState(ctx, wsb.Block())
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		postState, err := service.validateStateTransition(ctx, preState, wsb)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
-		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
-	}
-
-	for i := 6; i < 12; i++ {
-		driftGenesisTime(service, primitives.Slot(i), 0)
-		st, err := service.HeadState(ctx)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		b, err := util.GenerateFullBlockAltair(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), primitives.Slot(i))
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		root, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		preState, err := service.getBlockPreState(ctx, wsb.Block())
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		postState, err := service.validateStateTransition(ctx, preState, wsb)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
-		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-	}
-
-	for i := 12; i < 18; i++ {
-		driftGenesisTime(service, primitives.Slot(i), 0)
-		st, err := service.HeadState(ctx)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		b, err := util.GenerateFullBlockBellatrix(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), primitives.Slot(i))
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		root, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		preState, err := service.getBlockPreState(ctx, wsb.Block())
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		postState, err := service.validateStateTransition(ctx, preState, wsb)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
-		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-	}
-	// Check that we haven't justified the second epoch yet
-	jc := service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.JustifiedCheckpoint()
-	require.Equal(t, primitives.Epoch(0), jc.Epoch)
-
-	// import a block that justifies the second epoch
-	driftGenesisTime(service, 18, 0)
-	validHeadState, err := service.HeadState(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	b, err := util.GenerateFullBlockBellatrix(validHeadState, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 18)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err = consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	firstInvalidRoot, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	preState, err := service.getBlockPreState(ctx, wsb.Block())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	postState, err := service.validateStateTransition(ctx, preState, wsb)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, firstInvalidRoot, wsb, postState))
-	roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, firstInvalidRoot)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	jc = service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.JustifiedCheckpoint()
-	require.Equal(t, primitives.Epoch(2), jc.Epoch)
-
-	sjc := validHeadState.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint()
-	require.Equal(t, primitives.Epoch(0), sjc.Epoch)
-	lvh := b.Block.Body.ExecutionPayload.ParentHash
-	// check our head
-	require.Equal(t, firstInvalidRoot, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.CachedHeadRoot())
-
-	// import another block to find out that it was invalid
-	mockEngine = &mockExecution.EngineClient{ErrNewPayload: execution.ErrAcceptedSyncingPayloadStatus, ErrForkchoiceUpdated: execution.ErrInvalidPayloadStatus, ForkChoiceUpdatedResp: lvh}
-	service.cfg.ExecutionEngineCaller = mockEngine
-	driftGenesisTime(service, 19, 0)
-	st, err = service.HeadState(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	b, err = util.GenerateFullBlockBellatrix(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 19)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err = consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	root, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	preState, err = service.getBlockPreState(ctx, wsb.Block())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	postState, err = service.validateStateTransition(ctx, preState, wsb)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
-	roblock, err = consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false})
-	require.ErrorContains(t, "received an INVALID payload from execution engine", err)
-	// Check that forkchoice's head is the last invalid block imported. The
-	// store's headroot is the previous head (since the invalid block did
-	// not finish importing) one and that the node is optimistic
-	require.Equal(t, root, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.CachedHeadRoot())
-	headRoot, err := service.HeadRoot(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, firstInvalidRoot, bytesutil.ToBytes32(headRoot))
-	optimistic, err := service.IsOptimistic(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, true, optimistic)
-
-	// import another block based on the last valid head state
-	mockEngine = &mockExecution.EngineClient{}
-	service.cfg.ExecutionEngineCaller = mockEngine
-	driftGenesisTime(service, 20, 0)
-	b, err = util.GenerateFullBlockBellatrix(validHeadState, keys, &util.BlockGenConfig{}, 20)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	wsb, err = consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	root, err = b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	preState, err = service.getBlockPreState(ctx, wsb.Block())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	postState, err = service.validateStateTransition(ctx, preState, wsb)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
-	roblock, err = consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, true})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	// Check the newly imported block is head, it justified the right
-	// checkpoint and the node is no longer optimistic
-	require.Equal(t, root, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.CachedHeadRoot())
-	sjc = service.CurrentJustifiedCheckpt()
-	require.Equal(t, jc.Epoch, sjc.Epoch)
-	require.Equal(t, jc.Root, bytesutil.ToBytes32(sjc.Root))
-	optimistic, err = service.IsOptimistic(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, false, optimistic)
-}
-
 // See the description in #10777 and #10782 for the full setup
 // We sync optimistically a chain of blocks. Block 17 is the last block in Epoch
 // 2. Block 18 justifies block 12 (the first in Epoch 2) and Block 19 returns
@@ -1624,7 +1449,9 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_NewPayload(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
 		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 		require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	}
 
 	for i := 6; i < 12; i++ {
@@ -1644,8 +1471,9 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_NewPayload(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
 		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
+		require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	}
 
 	for i := 12; i < 18; i++ {
@@ -1666,8 +1494,9 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_NewPayload(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
 		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
+		require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	}
 	// Check that we haven't justified the second epoch yet
 	jc := service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.JustifiedCheckpoint()
@@ -1690,7 +1519,9 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_NewPayload(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, firstInvalidRoot, wsb, postState))
 	roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, firstInvalidRoot)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 	err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false})
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	jc = service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.JustifiedCheckpoint()
 	require.Equal(t, primitives.Epoch(2), jc.Epoch)
@@ -1700,6 +1531,10 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_NewPayload(t *testing.T) {
 	lvh := b.Block.Body.ExecutionPayload.ParentHash
 	// check our head
 	require.Equal(t, firstInvalidRoot, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.CachedHeadRoot())
+	isBlock18OptimisticAfterImport, err := service.IsOptimisticForRoot(ctx, firstInvalidRoot)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, true, isBlock18OptimisticAfterImport)
+	time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond) // wait for async forkchoice update to be processed
 
 	// import another block to find out that it was invalid
 	mockEngine = &mockExecution.EngineClient{ErrNewPayload: execution.ErrInvalidPayloadStatus, NewPayloadResp: lvh}
@@ -1750,7 +1585,9 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_NewPayload(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
 	roblock, err = consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 	err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, true})
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	// Check the newly imported block is head, it justified the right
 	// checkpoint and the node is no longer optimistic
@@ -1817,7 +1654,9 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_Liveness(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
 		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 		require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	}
 
 	for i := 6; i < 12; i++ {
@@ -1838,8 +1677,9 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_Liveness(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
 		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
+		require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	}
 
 	// import the merge block
@@ -1859,7 +1699,9 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_Liveness(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, lastValidRoot, wsb, postState))
 	roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, lastValidRoot)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 	err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false})
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	// save the post state and the payload Hash of this block since it will
 	// be the LVH
@@ -1888,8 +1730,9 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_Liveness(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, invalidRoots[i-13], wsb, postState))
 		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, invalidRoots[i-13])
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
+		require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	}
 	// Check that we have justified the second epoch
 	jc := service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.JustifiedCheckpoint()
@@ -1957,7 +1800,9 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_Liveness(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
 	roblock, err = consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 	require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, true}))
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	// Check that the head is still INVALID and the node is still optimistic
 	require.Equal(t, invalidHeadRoot, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.CachedHeadRoot())
 	optimistic, err = service.IsOptimistic(ctx)
@@ -1982,7 +1827,9 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_Liveness(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
 		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 		err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, true})
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		st, err = service.cfg.StateGen.StateByRoot(ctx, root)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -2010,7 +1857,9 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_Liveness(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
 	roblock, err = consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 	err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, true})
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, root, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.CachedHeadRoot())
 	sjc = service.CurrentJustifiedCheckpt()
@@ -2054,7 +1903,6 @@ func TestNoViableHead_Reboot(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, genesisRoot), "Could not save genesis state")
 
 	for i := 1; i < 6; i++ {
-		t.Log(i)
 		driftGenesisTime(service, primitives.Slot(i), 0)
 		st, err := service.HeadState(ctx)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -2071,7 +1919,9 @@ func TestNoViableHead_Reboot(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
 		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 		require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	}
 
 	for i := 6; i < 12; i++ {
@@ -2091,8 +1941,9 @@ func TestNoViableHead_Reboot(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
 		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
+		require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	}
 
 	// import the merge block
@@ -2112,7 +1963,9 @@ func TestNoViableHead_Reboot(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, lastValidRoot, wsb, postState))
 	roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, lastValidRoot)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 	err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false})
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	// save the post state and the payload Hash of this block since it will
 	// be the LVH
@@ -2143,7 +1996,9 @@ func TestNoViableHead_Reboot(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
 		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 		require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 		require.NoError(t, service.updateJustificationOnBlock(ctx, preState, postState, currStoreJustifiedEpoch))
 		_, err = service.updateFinalizationOnBlock(ctx, preState, postState, currStoreFinalizedEpoch)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -2264,7 +2119,9 @@ func TestOnBlock_HandleBlockAttestations(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
 		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 		require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 
 		st, err = service.HeadState(ctx)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -2330,7 +2187,9 @@ func TestOnBlock_HandleBlockAttestations(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
 		roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 		require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
+		service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 
 		st, err = service.HeadState(ctx)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -2613,7 +2472,10 @@ func TestRollbackBlock(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Rollback block insertion into db and caches.
-	require.ErrorContains(t, fmt.Sprintf("could not insert block %d to fork choice store", roblock.Block().Slot()), service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
+	err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false})
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
+	require.ErrorContains(t, fmt.Sprintf("could not insert block %d to fork choice store", roblock.Block().Slot()), err)
 
 	// The block should no longer exist.
 	require.Equal(t, false, service.cfg.BeaconDB.HasBlock(ctx, root))
@@ -2714,7 +2576,9 @@ func TestRollbackBlock_ContextDeadline(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, root, wsb, postState))
 	roblock, err := consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 	require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 
 	b, err = util.GenerateFullBlock(postState, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 34)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -2748,7 +2612,10 @@ func TestRollbackBlock_ContextDeadline(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, postState.SetFinalizedCheckpoint(cj))
 
 	// Rollback block insertion into db and caches.
-	require.ErrorContains(t, "context canceled", service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{cancCtx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
+	err = service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{cancCtx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false})
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
+	require.ErrorContains(t, "context canceled", err)
 
 	// The block should no longer exist.
 	require.Equal(t, false, service.cfg.BeaconDB.HasBlock(ctx, root))
@@ -3244,7 +3111,9 @@ func Test_postBlockProcess_EventSending(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			// Execute postBlockProcess
+			service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 			err = service.postBlockProcess(cfg)
+			service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 
 			// Check error expectation
 			if tt.expectError {

beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_attestation.go

@@ -156,13 +156,15 @@ func (s *Service) UpdateHead(ctx context.Context, proposingSlot primitives.Slot)
 	}
 	if s.inRegularSync() {
 		fcuArgs.attributes = s.getPayloadAttribute(ctx, headState, proposingSlot, newHeadRoot[:])
+		if fcuArgs.attributes != nil && s.shouldOverrideFCU(newHeadRoot, proposingSlot) {
+			return
+		}
+		go s.forkchoiceUpdateWithExecution(s.ctx, fcuArgs)
 	}
-	if fcuArgs.attributes != nil && s.shouldOverrideFCU(newHeadRoot, proposingSlot) {
-		return
-	}
-	if err := s.forkchoiceUpdateWithExecution(s.ctx, fcuArgs); err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not update forkchoice")
+	if err := s.saveHead(s.ctx, fcuArgs.headRoot, fcuArgs.headBlock, fcuArgs.headState); err != nil {
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not save head")
 	}
+	s.pruneAttsFromPool(s.ctx, fcuArgs.headState, fcuArgs.headBlock)
 }
 
 // This processes fork choice attestations from the pool to account for validator votes and fork choice.

beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_attestation_test.go

@@ -117,7 +117,9 @@ func TestService_ProcessAttestationsAndUpdateHead(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, tRoot, wsb, postState))
 	roblock, err := blocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, tRoot)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 	require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	copied, err = service.cfg.StateGen.StateByRoot(ctx, tRoot)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 2, fcs.NodeCount())
@@ -177,7 +179,9 @@ func TestService_UpdateHead_NoAtts(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, service.savePostStateInfo(ctx, tRoot, wsb, postState))
 	roblock, err := blocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, tRoot)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 	require.NoError(t, service.postBlockProcess(&postBlockProcessConfig{ctx, roblock, [32]byte{}, postState, false}))
+	service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	require.Equal(t, 2, fcs.NodeCount())
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
 	require.Equal(t, tRoot, service.head.root)

beacon-chain/core/altair/BUILD.bazel

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ go_library(
         "//beacon-chain/core/blocks:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/core/epoch:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/core/epoch/precompute:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/core/gloas:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/core/helpers:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/core/signing:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/core/time:go_default_library",

beacon-chain/core/altair/attestation.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/gloas"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/time"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/state"
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/monitoring/tracing/trace"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/proto/prysm/v1alpha1/attestation"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/runtime/version"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
@@ -75,7 +77,12 @@ func ProcessAttestationNoVerifySignature(
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return SetParticipationAndRewardProposer(ctx, beaconState, att.GetData().Target.Epoch, indices, participatedFlags, totalBalance)
+	beaconState, err = gloas.UpdatePendingPaymentWeight(beaconState, att, indices, participatedFlags)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return SetParticipationAndRewardProposer(ctx, beaconState, att.GetData().Target.Epoch, indices, participatedFlags, totalBalance, att)
 }
 
 // SetParticipationAndRewardProposer retrieves and sets the epoch participation bits in state. Based on the epoch participation, it rewards
@@ -105,7 +112,9 @@ func SetParticipationAndRewardProposer(
 	beaconState state.BeaconState,
 	targetEpoch primitives.Epoch,
 	indices []uint64,
-	participatedFlags map[uint8]bool, totalBalance uint64) (state.BeaconState, error) {
+	participatedFlags map[uint8]bool,
+	totalBalance uint64,
+	att ethpb.Att) (state.BeaconState, error) {
 	var proposerRewardNumerator uint64
 	currentEpoch := time.CurrentEpoch(beaconState)
 	var stateErr error
@@ -299,6 +308,40 @@ func AttestationParticipationFlagIndices(beaconState state.ReadOnlyBeaconState,
 		participatedFlags[targetFlagIndex] = true
 	}
 	matchedSrcTgtHead := matchedHead && matchedSrcTgt
+
+	// Spec v1.6.1 (pseudocode excerpt):
+	//
+	//	# [New in Gloas:EIP7732]
+	//	if is_attestation_same_slot(state, data):
+	//	    assert data.index == 0
+	//	    payload_matches = True
+	//	else:
+	//	    slot_index = data.slot % SLOTS_PER_HISTORICAL_ROOT
+	//	    payload_index = state.execution_payload_availability[slot_index]
+	//	    payload_matches = data.index == payload_index
+	//
+	//	# [Modified in Gloas:EIP7732]
+	//	is_matching_head = is_matching_target and head_root_matches and payload_matches
+	var matchingPayload bool
+	if beaconState.Version() >= version.Gloas {
+		ok, err := gloas.SameSlotAttestation(beaconState, [32]byte(data.BeaconBlockRoot), data.Slot)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if ok {
+			if data.CommitteeIndex != 0 {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("committee index %d for same slot attestation must be 0", data.CommitteeIndex)
+			}
+			matchingPayload = true
+		} else {
+			executionPayloadAvail, err := beaconState.ExecutionPayloadAvailability(data.Slot)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			matchingPayload = executionPayloadAvail == uint64(data.CommitteeIndex)
+		}
+		matchedSrcTgtHead = matchedSrcTgtHead && matchingPayload
+	}
 	if matchedSrcTgtHead && delay == cfg.MinAttestationInclusionDelay {
 		participatedFlags[headFlagIndex] = true
 	}

beacon-chain/core/altair/attestation_test.go

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 package altair_test
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/go-bitfield"
@@ -556,7 +558,7 @@ func TestSetParticipationAndRewardProposer(t *testing.T) {
 
 			b, err := helpers.TotalActiveBalance(beaconState)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			st, err := altair.SetParticipationAndRewardProposer(t.Context(), beaconState, test.epoch, test.indices, test.participatedFlags, b)
+			st, err := altair.SetParticipationAndRewardProposer(t.Context(), beaconState, test.epoch, test.indices, test.participatedFlags, b, &ethpb.Attestation{})
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			i, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(t.Context(), st)
@@ -775,11 +777,67 @@ func TestAttestationParticipationFlagIndices(t *testing.T) {
 				headFlagIndex:   true,
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name: "gloas same-slot committee index non-zero errors",
+			inputState: func() state.BeaconState {
+				stateSlot := primitives.Slot(5)
+				slot := primitives.Slot(3)
+				targetRoot := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xAA}, 32)
+				headRoot := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xBB}, 32)
+				prevRoot := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xCC}, 32)
+				return buildGloasStateForFlags(t, stateSlot, slot, targetRoot, headRoot, prevRoot, 0, 0)
+			}(),
+			inputData: &ethpb.AttestationData{
+				Slot:            3,
+				CommitteeIndex:  1, // invalid for same-slot
+				BeaconBlockRoot: bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xBB}, 32),
+				Source:          &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xDD}, 32)},
+				Target: &ethpb.Checkpoint{
+					Epoch: 0,
+					Root:  bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xAA}, 32),
+				},
+			},
+			inputDelay:           1,
+			participationIndices: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "gloas payload availability matches committee index",
+			inputState: func() state.BeaconState {
+				stateSlot := primitives.Slot(5)
+				slot := primitives.Slot(3)
+				targetRoot := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xAA}, 32)
+				headRoot := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xBB}, 32)
+				// Same prev root to make SameSlotAttestation false and use payload availability.
+				return buildGloasStateForFlags(t, stateSlot, slot, targetRoot, headRoot, headRoot, 1, slot)
+			}(),
+			inputData: &ethpb.AttestationData{
+				Slot:            3,
+				CommitteeIndex:  1,
+				BeaconBlockRoot: bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xBB}, 32),
+				Source:          &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xDD}, 32)},
+				Target: &ethpb.Checkpoint{
+					Epoch: 0,
+					Root:  bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xAA}, 32),
+				},
+			},
+			inputDelay: 1,
+			participationIndices: map[uint8]bool{
+				sourceFlagIndex: true,
+				targetFlagIndex: true,
+				headFlagIndex:   true,
+			},
+		},
 	}
 	for _, test := range tests {
 		flagIndices, err := altair.AttestationParticipationFlagIndices(test.inputState, test.inputData, test.inputDelay)
+		if test.participationIndices == nil {
+			require.ErrorContains(t, "committee index", err)
+			continue
+		}
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.DeepEqual(t, test.participationIndices, flagIndices)
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(test.participationIndices, flagIndices) {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected participation indices: got %v want %v", flagIndices, test.participationIndices)
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -858,3 +916,61 @@ func TestMatchingStatus(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Equal(t, test.matchedHead, head)
 	}
 }
+
+func buildGloasStateForFlags(t *testing.T, stateSlot, slot primitives.Slot, targetRoot, headRoot, prevRoot []byte, availabilityBit uint8, availabilitySlot primitives.Slot) state.BeaconState {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
+	blockRoots := make([][]byte, cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot)
+	blockRoots[0] = targetRoot
+	blockRoots[slot%cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot] = headRoot
+	blockRoots[(slot-1)%cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot] = prevRoot
+
+	stateRoots := make([][]byte, cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot)
+	for i := range stateRoots {
+		stateRoots[i] = make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength)
+	}
+	randaoMixes := make([][]byte, cfg.EpochsPerHistoricalVector)
+	for i := range randaoMixes {
+		randaoMixes[i] = make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength)
+	}
+
+	execPayloadAvailability := make([]byte, cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot/8)
+	idx := availabilitySlot % cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot
+	byteIndex := idx / 8
+	bitIndex := idx % 8
+	if availabilityBit == 1 {
+		execPayloadAvailability[byteIndex] |= 1 << bitIndex
+	}
+
+	checkpointRoot := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xDD}, fieldparams.RootLength)
+	justified := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: checkpointRoot}
+
+	stProto := &ethpb.BeaconStateGloas{
+		Slot:                         stateSlot,
+		GenesisValidatorsRoot:        bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x11}, fieldparams.RootLength),
+		BlockRoots:                   blockRoots,
+		StateRoots:                   stateRoots,
+		RandaoMixes:                  randaoMixes,
+		ExecutionPayloadAvailability: execPayloadAvailability,
+		CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint:   justified,
+		PreviousJustifiedCheckpoint:  justified,
+		Validators: []*ethpb.Validator{
+			{
+				EffectiveBalance:      cfg.MinActivationBalance,
+				WithdrawalCredentials: append([]byte{cfg.ETH1AddressWithdrawalPrefixByte}, bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x01}, 31)...),
+			},
+		},
+		Balances:               []uint64{cfg.MinActivationBalance},
+		BuilderPendingPayments: make([]*ethpb.BuilderPendingPayment, cfg.SlotsPerEpoch*2),
+		Fork: &ethpb.Fork{
+			CurrentVersion:  bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x01}, 4),
+			PreviousVersion: bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x01}, 4),
+			Epoch:           0,
+		},
+	}
+
+	beaconState, err := state_native.InitializeFromProtoGloas(stProto)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return beaconState
+}

beacon-chain/core/blocks/attestation.go

@@ -111,7 +111,16 @@ func VerifyAttestationNoVerifySignature(
 	var indexedAtt ethpb.IndexedAtt
 
 	if att.Version() >= version.Electra {
-		if att.GetData().CommitteeIndex != 0 {
+		// Spec v1.6.1 (pseudocode excerpt):
+		//
+		//	# [Modified in Gloas:EIP7732]
+		//	assert data.index < 2
+		//
+		if beaconState.Version() >= version.Gloas {
+			if att.GetData().CommitteeIndex >= 2 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("incorrect committee index %d", att.GetData().CommitteeIndex)
+			}
+		} else if att.GetData().CommitteeIndex != 0 {
 			return errors.New("committee index must be 0 post-Electra")
 		}
 

beacon-chain/core/blocks/attestation_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package blocks_test
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -314,6 +315,75 @@ func TestVerifyAttestationNoVerifySignature_Electra(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestVerifyAttestationNoVerifySignature_GloasCommitteeIndexLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
+	stateSlot := cfg.MinAttestationInclusionDelay + 1
+
+	blockRoots := make([][]byte, cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot)
+	for i := range blockRoots {
+		blockRoots[i] = make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength)
+	}
+	stateRoots := make([][]byte, cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot)
+	for i := range stateRoots {
+		stateRoots[i] = make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength)
+	}
+	randaoMixes := make([][]byte, cfg.EpochsPerHistoricalVector)
+	for i := range randaoMixes {
+		randaoMixes[i] = make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength)
+	}
+
+	checkpointRoot := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xAA}, fieldparams.RootLength)
+	justified := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 0, Root: checkpointRoot}
+
+	gloasStateProto := &ethpb.BeaconStateGloas{
+		Slot:                         stateSlot,
+		GenesisValidatorsRoot:        bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x11}, fieldparams.RootLength),
+		BlockRoots:                   blockRoots,
+		StateRoots:                   stateRoots,
+		RandaoMixes:                  randaoMixes,
+		ExecutionPayloadAvailability: make([]byte, cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot/8),
+		CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint:   justified,
+		PreviousJustifiedCheckpoint:  justified,
+		Validators: []*ethpb.Validator{
+			{
+				EffectiveBalance:      cfg.MinActivationBalance,
+				WithdrawalCredentials: append([]byte{cfg.ETH1AddressWithdrawalPrefixByte}, bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x01}, 31)...),
+			},
+		},
+		Balances:               []uint64{cfg.MinActivationBalance},
+		BuilderPendingPayments: make([]*ethpb.BuilderPendingPayment, cfg.SlotsPerEpoch*2),
+		Fork: &ethpb.Fork{
+			CurrentVersion:  bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x01}, 4),
+			PreviousVersion: bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x01}, 4),
+			Epoch:           0,
+		},
+	}
+
+	beaconState, err := state_native.InitializeFromProtoGloas(gloasStateProto)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	committeeBits := bitfield.NewBitvector64()
+	committeeBits.SetBitAt(0, true)
+	aggBits := bitfield.NewBitlist(1)
+	aggBits.SetBitAt(0, true)
+
+	att := &ethpb.AttestationElectra{
+		Data: &ethpb.AttestationData{
+			Slot:            0,
+			CommitteeIndex:  2, // invalid for Gloas (must be <2)
+			BeaconBlockRoot: blockRoots[0],
+			Source:          justified,
+			Target:          justified,
+		},
+		AggregationBits: aggBits,
+		CommitteeBits:   committeeBits,
+		Signature:       bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x00}, fieldparams.BLSSignatureLength),
+	}
+
+	err = blocks.VerifyAttestationNoVerifySignature(context.TODO(), beaconState, att)
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, "incorrect committee index 2", err)
+}
+
 func TestConvertToIndexed_OK(t *testing.T) {
 	helpers.ClearCache()
 	validators := make([]*ethpb.Validator, 2*params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch)

beacon-chain/core/gloas/BUILD.bazel

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+load("@prysm//tools/go:def.bzl", "go_library", "go_test")
+
+go_library(
+    name = "go_default_library",
+    srcs = ["attestation.go"],
+    importpath = "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/gloas",
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+    deps = [
+        "//beacon-chain/core/helpers:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/state:go_default_library",
+        "//config/params:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/primitives:go_default_library",
+        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
+        "//runtime/version:go_default_library",
+        "//time/slots:go_default_library",
+    ],
+)
+
+go_test(
+    name = "go_default_test",
+    srcs = ["attestation_test.go"],
+    embed = [":go_default_library"],
+    deps = [
+        "//beacon-chain/state/state-native:go_default_library",
+        "//config/params:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/primitives:go_default_library",
+        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
+        "//testing/require:go_default_library",
+        "//time/slots:go_default_library",
+    ],
+)

beacon-chain/core/gloas/attestation.go

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+package gloas
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/state"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/primitives"
+	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/runtime/version"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/time/slots"
+)
+
+// SameSlotAttestation checks if the attestation is for the same slot as the block root in the state.
+// Spec v1.6.1 (pseudocode excerpt):
+//
+//	is_attestation_same_slot(state, data):
+//	    block_root_at_slot = get_block_root_at_slot(state, data.slot)
+//	    block_root_at_prev_slot = get_block_root_at_slot(state, data.slot - 1)
+//	    return block_root_at_slot == data.beacon_block_root and block_root_at_prev_slot != data.beacon_block_root
+func SameSlotAttestation(state state.ReadOnlyBeaconState, blockRoot [32]byte, slot primitives.Slot) (bool, error) {
+	if slot == 0 {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	blockRootAtSlot, err := helpers.BlockRootAtSlot(state, slot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	matchingBlockRoot := bytes.Equal(blockRoot[:], blockRootAtSlot)
+
+	blockRootAtPrevSlot, err := helpers.BlockRootAtSlot(state, slot-1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	matchingPrevBlockRoot := bytes.Equal(blockRoot[:], blockRootAtPrevSlot)
+
+	return matchingBlockRoot && !matchingPrevBlockRoot, nil
+}
+
+// UpdatePendingPaymentWeight updates the builder pending payment weight based on attestation participation.
+// Spec v1.6.1 (pseudocode excerpt):
+//
+//	if data.target.epoch == get_current_epoch(state):
+//	    epoch_participation = state.current_epoch_participation
+//	    payment = state.builder_pending_payments[SLOTS_PER_EPOCH + data.slot % SLOTS_PER_EPOCH]
+//	else:
+//	    epoch_participation = state.previous_epoch_participation
+//	    payment = state.builder_pending_payments[data.slot % SLOTS_PER_EPOCH]
+//
+//	for index in get_attesting_indices(state, attestation):
+//	    will_set_new_flag = False
+//	    for flag_index, weight in enumerate(PARTICIPATION_FLAG_WEIGHTS):
+//	        if flag_index in participation_flag_indices and not has_flag(epoch_participation[index], flag_index):
+//	            epoch_participation[index] = add_flag(epoch_participation[index], flag_index)
+//	            proposer_reward_numerator += get_base_reward(state, index) * weight
+//	            will_set_new_flag = True
+//	    if will_set_new_flag and is_attestation_same_slot(state, data) and payment.withdrawal.amount > 0:
+//	        payment.weight += state.validators[index].effective_balance
+//
+//	if current_epoch_target:
+//	    state.builder_pending_payments[SLOTS_PER_EPOCH + data.slot % SLOTS_PER_EPOCH] = payment
+//	else:
+//	    state.builder_pending_payments[data.slot % SLOTS_PER_EPOCH] = payment
+func UpdatePendingPaymentWeight(beaconState state.BeaconState, att ethpb.Att, indices []uint64, participatedFlags map[uint8]bool) (state.BeaconState, error) {
+	if beaconState.Version() < version.Gloas {
+		return beaconState, nil
+	}
+
+	data := att.GetData()
+	epoch := slots.ToEpoch(beaconState.Slot())
+
+	isSameSlot, err := SameSlotAttestation(beaconState, [32]byte(data.BeaconBlockRoot), data.Slot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if !isSameSlot {
+		return beaconState, nil
+	}
+
+	slotsPerEpoch := params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch
+	var (
+		paymentSlot        primitives.Slot
+		payment            *ethpb.BuilderPendingPayment
+		epochParticipation []byte
+	)
+	if data.Target.Epoch == epoch {
+		paymentSlot = slotsPerEpoch + (data.Slot % slotsPerEpoch)
+		payment, err = beaconState.BuilderPendingPayment(uint64(paymentSlot))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		epochParticipation, err = beaconState.CurrentEpochParticipation()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	} else {
+		paymentSlot = data.Slot % slotsPerEpoch
+		payment, err = beaconState.BuilderPendingPayment(uint64(paymentSlot))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		epochParticipation, err = beaconState.PreviousEpochParticipation()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	if payment.Withdrawal.Amount == 0 {
+		return beaconState, nil
+	}
+
+	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
+	flagIndices := []uint8{cfg.TimelySourceFlagIndex, cfg.TimelyTargetFlagIndex, cfg.TimelyHeadFlagIndex}
+	hasNewFlag := func(idx uint64) bool {
+		participation := epochParticipation[idx]
+		for _, f := range flagIndices {
+			if !participatedFlags[f] {
+				continue
+			}
+			if participation&(1<<f) == 0 {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for _, idx := range indices {
+		if !hasNewFlag(idx) {
+			continue
+		}
+		validator, err := beaconState.ValidatorAtIndex(primitives.ValidatorIndex(idx))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		payment.Weight += primitives.Gwei(validator.EffectiveBalance)
+	}
+
+	if err := beaconState.SetBuilderPendingPayment(uint64(paymentSlot), payment); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return beaconState, nil
+}

beacon-chain/core/gloas/attestation_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+package gloas
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"testing"
+
+	state_native "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/state/state-native"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/primitives"
+	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/require"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/time/slots"
+)
+
+func buildStateWithBlockRoots(t *testing.T, stateSlot primitives.Slot, roots map[primitives.Slot][]byte) *state_native.BeaconState {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
+	blockRoots := make([][]byte, cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot)
+	for slot, root := range roots {
+		blockRoots[slot%cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot] = root
+	}
+
+	stateRoots := make([][]byte, cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot)
+	for i := range stateRoots {
+		stateRoots[i] = bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x11}, 32)
+	}
+
+	randaoMixes := make([][]byte, cfg.EpochsPerHistoricalVector)
+	for i := range randaoMixes {
+		randaoMixes[i] = bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x22}, 32)
+	}
+
+	execPayloadAvailability := make([]byte, cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot/8)
+
+	stProto := &ethpb.BeaconStateGloas{
+		Slot:                  stateSlot,
+		GenesisValidatorsRoot: bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x33}, 32),
+		Fork: &ethpb.Fork{
+			CurrentVersion:  bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x44}, 4),
+			PreviousVersion: bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x44}, 4),
+			Epoch:           0,
+		},
+		BlockRoots:                   blockRoots,
+		StateRoots:                   stateRoots,
+		RandaoMixes:                  randaoMixes,
+		ExecutionPayloadAvailability: execPayloadAvailability,
+		Validators:                   []*ethpb.Validator{},
+		Balances:                     []uint64{},
+		BuilderPendingPayments:       make([]*ethpb.BuilderPendingPayment, cfg.SlotsPerEpoch*2),
+		BuilderPendingWithdrawals:    []*ethpb.BuilderPendingWithdrawal{},
+	}
+
+	state, err := state_native.InitializeFromProtoGloas(stProto)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return state.(*state_native.BeaconState)
+}
+
+func TestSameSlotAttestation(t *testing.T) {
+	rootA := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xAA}, 32)
+	rootB := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xBB}, 32)
+	rootC := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xCC}, 32)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		stateSlot primitives.Slot
+		slot      primitives.Slot
+		blockRoot []byte
+		roots     map[primitives.Slot][]byte
+		want      bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "slot zero always true",
+			stateSlot: 1,
+			slot:      0,
+			blockRoot: rootA,
+			roots:     map[primitives.Slot][]byte{},
+			want:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "matching current different previous",
+			stateSlot: 6,
+			slot:      4,
+			blockRoot: rootA,
+			roots: map[primitives.Slot][]byte{
+				4: rootA,
+				3: rootB,
+			},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "matching current same previous",
+			stateSlot: 6,
+			slot:      4,
+			blockRoot: rootA,
+			roots: map[primitives.Slot][]byte{
+				4: rootA,
+				3: rootA,
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "non matching current",
+			stateSlot: 6,
+			slot:      4,
+			blockRoot: rootC,
+			roots: map[primitives.Slot][]byte{
+				4: rootA,
+				3: rootB,
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		tt := tt
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			state := buildStateWithBlockRoots(t, tt.stateSlot, tt.roots)
+			var rootArr [32]byte
+			copy(rootArr[:], tt.blockRoot)
+
+			got, err := SameSlotAttestation(state, rootArr, tt.slot)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func buildStateForPaymentTest(t *testing.T, stateSlot primitives.Slot, paymentIdx int, amount primitives.Gwei, weight primitives.Gwei, roots map[primitives.Slot][]byte) *state_native.BeaconState {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
+	blockRoots := make([][]byte, cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot)
+	for slot, root := range roots {
+		blockRoots[slot%cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot] = root
+	}
+
+	stateRoots := make([][]byte, cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot)
+	for i := range stateRoots {
+		stateRoots[i] = bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x44}, 32)
+	}
+	randaoMixes := make([][]byte, cfg.EpochsPerHistoricalVector)
+	for i := range randaoMixes {
+		randaoMixes[i] = bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x55}, 32)
+	}
+
+	validator := &ethpb.Validator{
+		PublicKey:             bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x01}, 48),
+		WithdrawalCredentials: append([]byte{cfg.ETH1AddressWithdrawalPrefixByte}, bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x02}, 31)...),
+		EffectiveBalance:      cfg.MinActivationBalance,
+	}
+
+	payments := make([]*ethpb.BuilderPendingPayment, cfg.SlotsPerEpoch*2)
+	for i := range payments {
+		payments[i] = &ethpb.BuilderPendingPayment{
+			Withdrawal: &ethpb.BuilderPendingWithdrawal{
+				FeeRecipient: make([]byte, 20),
+			},
+		}
+	}
+	payments[paymentIdx] = &ethpb.BuilderPendingPayment{
+		Weight: weight,
+		Withdrawal: &ethpb.BuilderPendingWithdrawal{
+			FeeRecipient: make([]byte, 20),
+			Amount:       amount,
+		},
+	}
+
+	execPayloadAvailability := make([]byte, cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot/8)
+
+	stProto := &ethpb.BeaconStateGloas{
+		Slot:                         stateSlot,
+		GenesisValidatorsRoot:        bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x33}, 32),
+		BlockRoots:                   blockRoots,
+		StateRoots:                   stateRoots,
+		RandaoMixes:                  randaoMixes,
+		ExecutionPayloadAvailability: execPayloadAvailability,
+		Validators:                   []*ethpb.Validator{validator},
+		Balances:                     []uint64{cfg.MinActivationBalance},
+		CurrentEpochParticipation:    []byte{0},
+		PreviousEpochParticipation:   []byte{0},
+		BuilderPendingPayments:       payments,
+		Fork: &ethpb.Fork{
+			CurrentVersion:  bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x66}, 4),
+			PreviousVersion: bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x66}, 4),
+			Epoch:           0,
+		},
+	}
+
+	state, err := state_native.InitializeFromProtoGloas(stProto)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return state.(*state_native.BeaconState)
+}
+
+func TestUpdatePendingPaymentWeight(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
+	slotsPerEpoch := cfg.SlotsPerEpoch
+	slot := primitives.Slot(4)
+	stateSlot := slot + 1
+	currentEpoch := slots.ToEpoch(stateSlot)
+
+	rootA := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xAA}, 32)
+	rootB := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xBB}, 32)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		targetEpoch   primitives.Epoch
+		blockRoot     []byte
+		initialAmount primitives.Gwei
+		initialWeight primitives.Gwei
+		wantWeight    primitives.Gwei
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "same slot current epoch adds weight",
+			targetEpoch:   currentEpoch,
+			blockRoot:     rootA,
+			initialAmount: 10,
+			initialWeight: 0,
+			wantWeight:    primitives.Gwei(cfg.MinActivationBalance),
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "same slot zero amount no weight change",
+			targetEpoch:   currentEpoch,
+			blockRoot:     rootA,
+			initialAmount: 0,
+			initialWeight: 5,
+			wantWeight:    5,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "non matching block root no change",
+			targetEpoch:   currentEpoch,
+			blockRoot:     rootB,
+			initialAmount: 10,
+			initialWeight: 7,
+			wantWeight:    7,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "previous epoch target uses earlier slot",
+			targetEpoch:   currentEpoch - 1,
+			blockRoot:     rootA,
+			initialAmount: 20,
+			initialWeight: 0,
+			wantWeight:    primitives.Gwei(cfg.MinActivationBalance),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		tt := tt
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var paymentIdx int
+			if tt.targetEpoch == currentEpoch {
+				paymentIdx = int(slotsPerEpoch + (slot % slotsPerEpoch))
+			} else {
+				paymentIdx = int(slot % slotsPerEpoch)
+			}
+			state := buildStateForPaymentTest(t, stateSlot, paymentIdx, tt.initialAmount, tt.initialWeight, map[primitives.Slot][]byte{
+				slot:     tt.blockRoot,
+				slot - 1: rootB,
+			})
+
+			att := &ethpb.Attestation{
+				Data: &ethpb.AttestationData{
+					Slot:            slot,
+					CommitteeIndex:  0,
+					BeaconBlockRoot: tt.blockRoot,
+					Source:          &ethpb.Checkpoint{},
+					Target: &ethpb.Checkpoint{
+						Epoch: tt.targetEpoch,
+					},
+				},
+			}
+
+			participatedFlags := map[uint8]bool{
+				cfg.TimelySourceFlagIndex: true,
+				cfg.TimelyTargetFlagIndex: true,
+				cfg.TimelyHeadFlagIndex:   true,
+			}
+			indices := []uint64{0}
+
+			gotState, err := UpdatePendingPaymentWeight(state, att, indices, participatedFlags)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			payment, err := gotState.BuilderPendingPayment(uint64(paymentIdx))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.wantWeight, payment.Weight)
+		})
+	}
+}

beacon-chain/db/filesystem/BUILD.bazel

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ go_library(
         "@com_github_prometheus_client_golang//prometheus/promauto:go_default_library",
         "@com_github_sirupsen_logrus//:go_default_library",
         "@com_github_spf13_afero//:go_default_library",
+        "@org_golang_x_sync//errgroup:go_default_library",
     ],
 )
 

beacon-chain/db/filesystem/data_column.go

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/time/slots"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/spf13/afero"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -185,73 +186,162 @@ func (dcs *DataColumnStorage) WarmCache() {
 
 	highestStoredEpoch := primitives.Epoch(0)
 
-	// Walk the data column filesystem to warm up the cache.
-	if err := afero.Walk(dcs.fs, ".", func(path string, info os.FileInfo, fileErr error) (err error) {
-		if fileErr != nil {
-			return fileErr
-		}
-
-		// If not a leaf, skip.
-		if info.IsDir() {
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		// Extract metadata from the file path.
-		fileMetadata, err := extractFileMetadata(path)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.WithError(err).Error("Error encountered while extracting file metadata")
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		// Open the data column filesystem file.
-		f, err := dcs.fs.Open(path)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.WithError(err).Error("Error encountered while opening data column filesystem file")
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		// Close the file.
-		defer func() {
-			// Overwrite the existing error only if it is nil, since the close error is less important.
-			closeErr := f.Close()
-			if closeErr != nil && err == nil {
-				err = closeErr
-			}
-		}()
-
-		// Read the metadata of the file.
-		metadata, err := dcs.metadata(f)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.WithError(err).Error("Error encountered while reading metadata from data column filesystem file")
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		// Check the indices.
-		indices := metadata.indices.all()
-		if len(indices) == 0 {
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		// Build the ident.
-		dataColumnsIdent := DataColumnsIdent{Root: fileMetadata.blockRoot, Epoch: fileMetadata.epoch, Indices: indices}
-
-		// Update the highest stored epoch.
-		highestStoredEpoch = max(highestStoredEpoch, fileMetadata.epoch)
-
-		// Set the ident in the cache.
-		if err := dcs.cache.set(dataColumnsIdent); err != nil {
-			log.WithError(err).Error("Error encountered while ensuring data column filesystem cache")
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	}); err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("Error encountered while walking data column filesystem.")
+	// List all period directories
+	periodFileInfos, err := afero.ReadDir(dcs.fs, ".")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Error reading top directory during warm cache")
+		return
 	}
 
-	// Prune the cache and the filesystem.
+	// Iterate through periods
+	for _, periodFileInfo := range periodFileInfos {
+		if !periodFileInfo.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		periodPath := periodFileInfo.Name()
+
+		// List all epoch directories in this period
+		epochFileInfos, err := afero.ReadDir(dcs.fs, periodPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).WithField("period", periodPath).Error("Error reading period directory during warm cache")
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Iterate through epochs
+		for _, epochFileInfo := range epochFileInfos {
+			if !epochFileInfo.IsDir() {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			epochPath := path.Join(periodPath, epochFileInfo.Name())
+
+			// List all .sszs files in this epoch
+			files, err := listEpochFiles(dcs.fs, epochPath)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.WithError(err).WithField("epoch", epochPath).Error("Error listing epoch files during warm cache")
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if len(files) == 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Process all files in this epoch in parallel
+			epochHighest, err := dcs.processEpochFiles(files)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.WithError(err).WithField("epoch", epochPath).Error("Error processing epoch files during warm cache")
+			}
+
+			highestStoredEpoch = max(highestStoredEpoch, epochHighest)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Prune the cache and the filesystem
 	dcs.prune()
 
-	log.WithField("elapsed", time.Since(start)).Info("Data column filesystem cache warm-up complete")
+	totalElapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	// Log summary
+	log.WithField("elapsed", totalElapsed).Info("Data column filesystem cache warm-up complete")
+}
+
+// listEpochFiles lists all .sszs files in an epoch directory.
+func listEpochFiles(fs afero.Fs, epochPath string) ([]string, error) {
+	fileInfos, err := afero.ReadDir(fs, epochPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "read epoch directory")
+	}
+
+	files := make([]string, 0, len(fileInfos))
+	for _, fileInfo := range fileInfos {
+		if fileInfo.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		fileName := fileInfo.Name()
+		if strings.HasSuffix(fileName, "."+dataColumnsFileExtension) {
+			files = append(files, path.Join(epochPath, fileName))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return files, nil
+}
+
+// processEpochFiles processes all .sszs files in an epoch directory in parallel.
+func (dcs *DataColumnStorage) processEpochFiles(files []string) (primitives.Epoch, error) {
+	var (
+		eg errgroup.Group
+		mu sync.Mutex
+	)
+
+	highestEpoch := primitives.Epoch(0)
+	for _, filePath := range files {
+		eg.Go(func() error {
+			epoch, err := dcs.processFile(filePath)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.WithError(err).WithField("file", filePath).Error("Error processing file during warm cache")
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			mu.Lock()
+			defer mu.Unlock()
+			highestEpoch = max(highestEpoch, epoch)
+
+			return nil
+		})
+	}
+
+	if err := eg.Wait(); err != nil {
+		return highestEpoch, err
+	}
+
+	return highestEpoch, nil
+}
+
+// processFile processes a single .sszs file.
+func (dcs *DataColumnStorage) processFile(filePath string) (primitives.Epoch, error) {
+	// Extract metadata from the file path
+	fileMetadata, err := extractFileMetadata(filePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, errors.Wrap(err, "extract file metadata")
+	}
+
+	// Open the file (each goroutine gets its own FD)
+	f, err := dcs.fs.Open(filePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, errors.Wrap(err, "open file")
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if closeErr := f.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+			log.WithError(closeErr).WithField("file", filePath).Error("Error closing file during warm cache")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Read metadata
+	metadata, err := dcs.metadata(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, errors.Wrap(err, "read metadata")
+	}
+
+	// Extract indices
+	indices := metadata.indices.all()
+	if len(indices) == 0 {
+		return fileMetadata.epoch, nil // No indices, skip
+	}
+
+	// Build ident and set in cache (thread-safe)
+	dataColumnsIdent := DataColumnsIdent{
+		Root:    fileMetadata.blockRoot,
+		Epoch:   fileMetadata.epoch,
+		Indices: indices,
+	}
+
+	if err := dcs.cache.set(dataColumnsIdent); err != nil {
+		return 0, errors.Wrap(err, "cache set")
+	}
+
+	return fileMetadata.epoch, nil
 }
 
 // Summary returns the DataColumnStorageSummary.

beacon-chain/db/iface/interface.go

@@ -89,7 +89,6 @@ type NoHeadAccessDatabase interface {
 	SaveBlocks(ctx context.Context, blocks []interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock) error
 	SaveROBlocks(ctx context.Context, blks []blocks.ROBlock, cache bool) error
 	SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx context.Context, blockRoot [32]byte) error
-	SlotByBlockRoot(context.Context, [32]byte) (primitives.Slot, error)
 	// State related methods.
 	SaveState(ctx context.Context, state state.ReadOnlyBeaconState, blockRoot [32]byte) error
 	SaveStates(ctx context.Context, states []state.ReadOnlyBeaconState, blockRoots [][32]byte) error
@@ -97,7 +96,6 @@ type NoHeadAccessDatabase interface {
 	DeleteStates(ctx context.Context, blockRoots [][32]byte) error
 	SaveStateSummary(ctx context.Context, summary *ethpb.StateSummary) error
 	SaveStateSummaries(ctx context.Context, summaries []*ethpb.StateSummary) error
-	SlotInDiffTree(primitives.Slot) (uint64, int, error)
 	// Checkpoint operations.
 	SaveJustifiedCheckpoint(ctx context.Context, checkpoint *ethpb.Checkpoint) error
 	SaveFinalizedCheckpoint(ctx context.Context, checkpoint *ethpb.Checkpoint) error

beacon-chain/db/kv/BUILD.bazel

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ go_library(
         "state_diff_helpers.go",
         "state_summary.go",
         "state_summary_cache.go",
-        "testing_helpers.go",
         "utils.go",
         "validated_checkpoint.go",
         "wss.go",

beacon-chain/db/kv/genesis.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
 	dbIface "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/db/iface"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/features"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/encoding/ssz/detect"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/genesis"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
@@ -43,15 +42,6 @@ func (s *Store) SaveGenesisData(ctx context.Context, genesisState state.BeaconSt
 	if err := s.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, genesisBlkRoot); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not save genesis block root")
 	}
-
-	// Initialize state-diff if enabled and not yet initialized.
-	if features.Get().EnableStateDiff && s.stateDiffCache == nil {
-		if err := s.initializeStateDiff(0, genesisState); err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to initialize state diff for genesis")
-		}
-		log.Info("Initialized state-diff with genesis state")
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 

beacon-chain/db/kv/kv.go

@@ -204,31 +204,11 @@ func NewKVStore(ctx context.Context, dirPath string, opts ...KVStoreOption) (*St
 	}
 
 	if features.Get().EnableStateDiff {
-		// Check if offset already exists (existing state-diff database).
-		hasOffset, err := kv.hasStateDiffOffset()
+		sdCache, err := newStateDiffCache(kv)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-
-		if hasOffset {
-			// Existing state-diff database - restarts not yet supported.
-			return nil, errors.New("restarting with existing state-diff database not yet supported")
-		}
-
-		// Check if this is a new database (no head block).
-		headBlock, err := kv.HeadBlock(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not get head block")
-		}
-
-		if headBlock == nil {
-			// New database - will be initialized later during checkpoint/genesis sync.
-			// stateDiffCache stays nil until SaveOrigin or SaveGenesisData initializes it.
-			log.Info("State-diff enabled: will be initialized during checkpoint or genesis sync")
-		} else {
-			// Existing database without state-diff - warn and disable feature.
-			log.Warn("State-diff feature ignored: database was created without state-diff support")
-		}
+		kv.stateDiffCache = sdCache
 	}
 
 	return kv, nil

beacon-chain/db/kv/state_diff.go

@@ -23,16 +23,6 @@ const (
 	The data at level 0 is saved every 2**exponent[0] slots and always contains a full state snapshot that is used as a base for the delta saved at other levels.
 */
 
-// SlotInDiffTree returns whether the given slot is a saving point in the diff tree.
-// It it is, it also returns the offset and level in the tree.
-func (s *Store) SlotInDiffTree(slot primitives.Slot) (uint64, int, error) {
-	offset := s.getOffset()
-	if uint64(slot) < offset {
-		return 0, -1, ErrSlotBeforeOffset
-	}
-	return offset, computeLevel(offset, slot), nil
-}
-
 // saveStateByDiff takes a state and decides between saving a full state snapshot or a diff.
 func (s *Store) saveStateByDiff(ctx context.Context, st state.ReadOnlyBeaconState) error {
 	_, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "BeaconDB.saveStateByDiff")
@@ -43,10 +33,13 @@ func (s *Store) saveStateByDiff(ctx context.Context, st state.ReadOnlyBeaconStat
 	}
 
 	slot := st.Slot()
-	offset, lvl, err := s.SlotInDiffTree(slot)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not determine if slot is in diff tree")
+	offset := s.getOffset()
+	if uint64(slot) < offset {
+		return ErrSlotBeforeOffset
 	}
+
+	// Find the level to save the state.
+	lvl := computeLevel(offset, slot)
 	if lvl == -1 {
 		return nil
 	}

beacon-chain/db/kv/state_diff_helpers.go

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/math"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/runtime/version"
-	pkgerrors "github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"go.etcd.io/bbolt"
 )
 
@@ -120,54 +119,6 @@ func (s *Store) getOffset() uint64 {
 	return s.stateDiffCache.getOffset()
 }
 
-// hasStateDiffOffset checks if the state-diff offset has been set in the database.
-// This is used to detect if an existing database has state-diff enabled.
-func (s *Store) hasStateDiffOffset() (bool, error) {
-	var hasOffset bool
-	err := s.db.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
-		bucket := tx.Bucket(stateDiffBucket)
-		if bucket == nil {
-			return nil
-		}
-		hasOffset = bucket.Get(offsetKey) != nil
-		return nil
-	})
-	return hasOffset, err
-}
-
-// initializeStateDiff sets up the state-diff schema for a new database.
-// This should be called during checkpoint sync or genesis sync.
-func (s *Store) initializeStateDiff(slot primitives.Slot, initialState state.ReadOnlyBeaconState) error {
-	// Write offset directly to the database (without using cache which doesn't exist yet).
-	err := s.db.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
-		bucket := tx.Bucket(stateDiffBucket)
-		if bucket == nil {
-			return bbolt.ErrBucketNotFound
-		}
-
-		offsetBytes := make([]byte, 8)
-		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(offsetBytes, uint64(slot))
-		return bucket.Put(offsetKey, offsetBytes)
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return pkgerrors.Wrap(err, "failed to set offset")
-	}
-
-	// Create the state diff cache (this will read the offset from the database).
-	sdCache, err := newStateDiffCache(s)
-	if err != nil {
-		return pkgerrors.Wrap(err, "failed to create state diff cache")
-	}
-	s.stateDiffCache = sdCache
-
-	// Save the initial state as a full snapshot.
-	if err := s.saveFullSnapshot(initialState); err != nil {
-		return pkgerrors.Wrap(err, "failed to save initial snapshot")
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 func keyForSnapshot(v int) ([]byte, error) {
 	switch v {
 	case version.Fulu:

beacon-chain/db/kv/testing_helpers.go

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-package kv
-
-import (
-	"encoding/binary"
-
-	"go.etcd.io/bbolt"
-)
-
-// InitStateDiffCacheForTesting initializes the state diff cache with the given offset.
-// This is intended for testing purposes when setting up state diff after database creation.
-// This file is only compiled when the "testing" build tag is set.
-func (s *Store) InitStateDiffCacheForTesting(offset uint64) error {
-	// First, set the offset in the database.
-	err := s.db.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
-		bucket := tx.Bucket(stateDiffBucket)
-		if bucket == nil {
-			return bbolt.ErrBucketNotFound
-		}
-
-		offsetBytes := make([]byte, 8)
-		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(offsetBytes, offset)
-		return bucket.Put([]byte("offset"), offsetBytes)
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Then create the state diff cache.
-	sdCache, err := newStateDiffCache(s)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	s.stateDiffCache = sdCache
-	return nil
-}

beacon-chain/db/kv/wss.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/features"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/primitives"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/encoding/ssz/detect"
@@ -112,13 +111,5 @@ func (s *Store) SaveOrigin(ctx context.Context, serState, serBlock []byte) error
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "save finalized checkpoint")
 	}
 
-	// Initialize state-diff if enabled and not yet initialized.
-	if features.Get().EnableStateDiff && s.stateDiffCache == nil {
-		if err := s.initializeStateDiff(state.Slot(), state); err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to initialize state diff")
-		}
-		log.WithField("slot", state.Slot()).Info("Initialized state-diff with checkpoint state")
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }

beacon-chain/state/BUILD.bazel

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ go_library(
     srcs = [
         "error.go",
         "interfaces.go",
+        "interfaces_gloas.go",
         "prometheus.go",
     ],
     importpath = "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/state",

beacon-chain/state/interfaces.go

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ type ReadOnlyBeaconState interface {
 	ReadOnlyDeposits
 	ReadOnlyConsolidations
 	ReadOnlyProposerLookahead
+	readOnlyGloasFields
 	ToProtoUnsafe() any
 	ToProto() any
 	GenesisTime() time.Time
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@ type WriteOnlyBeaconState interface {
 	WriteOnlyWithdrawals
 	WriteOnlyDeposits
 	WriteOnlyProposerLookahead
+	writeOnlyGloasFields
 	SetGenesisTime(val time.Time) error
 	SetGenesisValidatorsRoot(val []byte) error
 	SetSlot(val primitives.Slot) error

beacon-chain/state/interfaces_gloas.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package state
+
+import (
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/primitives"
+	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+)
+
+type writeOnlyGloasFields interface {
+	SetBuilderPendingPayment(index uint64, payment *ethpb.BuilderPendingPayment) error
+}
+
+type readOnlyGloasFields interface {
+	BuilderPendingPayment(index uint64) (*ethpb.BuilderPendingPayment, error)
+	ExecutionPayloadAvailability(slot primitives.Slot) (uint64, error)
+}

beacon-chain/state/state-native/BUILD.bazel

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ go_library(
         "getters_deposits.go",
         "getters_eth1.go",
         "getters_exit.go",
+        "getters_gloas.go",
         "getters_misc.go",
         "getters_participation.go",
         "getters_payload_header.go",
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ go_library(
         "setters_deposit_requests.go",
         "setters_deposits.go",
         "setters_eth1.go",
+        "setters_gloas.go",
         "setters_misc.go",
         "setters_participation.go",
         "setters_payload_header.go",

beacon-chain/state/state-native/getters_gloas.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package state_native
+
+import (
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/primitives"
+	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/runtime/version"
+)
+
+// BuilderPendingPayment returns the builder pending payment for the given index.
+func (b *BeaconState) BuilderPendingPayment(index uint64) (*ethpb.BuilderPendingPayment, error) {
+	if b.version < version.Gloas {
+		return nil, errNotSupported("BuilderPendingPayment", b.version)
+	}
+
+	b.lock.RLock()
+	defer b.lock.RUnlock()
+
+	return b.builderPendingPayments[index], nil
+}
+
+// ExecutionPayloadAvailability returns the execution payload availability bit for the given slot.
+func (b *BeaconState) ExecutionPayloadAvailability(slot primitives.Slot) (uint64, error) {
+	if b.version < version.Gloas {
+		return 0, errNotSupported("ExecutionPayloadAvailability", b.version)
+	}
+
+	b.lock.RLock()
+	defer b.lock.RUnlock()
+
+	if b.executionPayloadAvailability == nil {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+
+	slotIndex := slot % params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerHistoricalRoot
+	byteIndex := slotIndex / 8
+	bitIndex := slotIndex % 8
+
+	bit := (b.executionPayloadAvailability[byteIndex] >> bitIndex) & 1
+
+	return uint64(bit), nil
+}

beacon-chain/state/state-native/setters_gloas.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package state_native
+
+import (
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/state/state-native/types"
+	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/runtime/version"
+)
+
+// SetBuilderPendingPayment sets a builder pending payment at the specified slot.
+func (b *BeaconState) SetBuilderPendingPayment(index uint64, payment *ethpb.BuilderPendingPayment) error {
+	if b.version < version.Gloas {
+		return errNotSupported("SetBuilderPendingPayment", b.version)
+	}
+
+	b.lock.Lock()
+	defer b.lock.Unlock()
+
+	b.builderPendingPayments[index] = ethpb.CopyBuilderPendingPayment(payment)
+
+	b.markFieldAsDirty(types.BuilderPendingPayments)
+	return nil
+}

beacon-chain/state/stategen/BUILD.bazel

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ go_library(
         "//beacon-chain/state:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/sync/backfill/coverage:go_default_library",
         "//cache/lru:go_default_library",
-        "//config/features:go_default_library",
         "//config/params:go_default_library",
         "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
         "//consensus-types/interfaces:go_default_library",
@@ -69,14 +68,11 @@ go_test(
         "//beacon-chain/core/helpers:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/core/transition:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/db:go_default_library",
-        "//beacon-chain/db/kv:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/db/testing:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/state:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/state/state-native:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/state/testing:go_default_library",
-        "//cmd/beacon-chain/flags:go_default_library",
-        "//config/features:go_default_library",
         "//config/params:go_default_library",
         "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
         "//consensus-types/blocks/testing:go_default_library",

beacon-chain/state/stategen/migrate.go

@@ -5,13 +5,10 @@ import (
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
 
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/transition"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/features"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/primitives"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/encoding/bytesutil"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/monitoring/tracing/trace"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
@@ -28,10 +25,6 @@ func (s *State) MigrateToCold(ctx context.Context, fRoot [32]byte) error {
 	s.migrationLock.Lock()
 	defer s.migrationLock.Unlock()
 
-	if features.Get().EnableStateDiff {
-		return s.migrateToColdHdiff(ctx, fRoot)
-	}
-
 	s.finalizedInfo.lock.RLock()
 	oldFSlot := s.finalizedInfo.slot
 	s.finalizedInfo.lock.RUnlock()
@@ -97,8 +90,21 @@ func (s *State) MigrateToCold(ctx context.Context, fRoot [32]byte) error {
 				}
 			}
 		}
+
 		if s.beaconDB.HasState(ctx, aRoot) {
-			s.migrateHotToCold(aRoot)
+			// If you are migrating a state and its already part of the hot state cache saved to the db,
+			// you can just remove it from the hot state cache as it becomes redundant.
+			s.saveHotStateDB.lock.Lock()
+			roots := s.saveHotStateDB.blockRootsOfSavedStates
+			for i := range roots {
+				if aRoot == roots[i] {
+					s.saveHotStateDB.blockRootsOfSavedStates = append(roots[:i], roots[i+1:]...)
+					// There shouldn't be duplicated roots in `blockRootsOfSavedStates`.
+					// Break here is ok.
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			s.saveHotStateDB.lock.Unlock()
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -123,103 +129,3 @@ func (s *State) MigrateToCold(ctx context.Context, fRoot [32]byte) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
-
-// migrateToColdHdiff saves the state-diffs for slots that are in the state diff tree after finalization
-func (s *State) migrateToColdHdiff(ctx context.Context, fRoot [32]byte) error {
-	s.finalizedInfo.lock.RLock()
-	oldFSlot := s.finalizedInfo.slot
-	s.finalizedInfo.lock.RUnlock()
-	fSlot, err := s.beaconDB.SlotByBlockRoot(ctx, fRoot)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get slot by block root")
-	}
-	for slot := oldFSlot; slot < fSlot; slot++ {
-		if ctx.Err() != nil {
-			return ctx.Err()
-		}
-		_, lvl, err := s.beaconDB.SlotInDiffTree(slot)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.WithError(err).Errorf("could not determine if slot %d is in diff tree", slot)
-			continue
-		}
-		if lvl == -1 {
-			continue
-		}
-		// The state needs to be saved.
-		// Try the epoch boundary cache first.
-		cached, exists, err := s.epochBoundaryStateCache.getBySlot(slot)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.WithError(err).Errorf("could not get epoch boundary state for slot %d", slot)
-			cached = nil
-			exists = false
-		}
-		var aRoot [32]byte
-		var aState state.BeaconState
-		if exists {
-			aRoot = cached.root
-			aState = cached.state
-		} else {
-			_, roots, err := s.beaconDB.HighestRootsBelowSlot(ctx, slot)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			// Given the block has been finalized, the db should not have more than one block in a given slot.
-			// We should error out when this happens.
-			if len(roots) != 1 {
-				return errUnknownBlock
-			}
-			aRoot = roots[0]
-			// Different than the legacy MigrateToCold, we need to always get the state even if
-			// the state exists in DB as part of the hot state db, because we need to process slots
-			// to the state diff tree slots.
-			aState, err = s.StateByRoot(ctx, aRoot)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-		if s.beaconDB.HasState(ctx, aRoot) {
-			s.migrateHotToCold(aRoot)
-			continue
-		}
-		// advance slots to the target slot
-		if aState.Slot() < slot {
-			aState, err = transition.ProcessSlots(ctx, aState, slot)
-			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not process slots to slot %d", slot)
-			}
-		}
-		if err := s.beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, aState, aRoot); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		log.WithFields(
-			logrus.Fields{
-				"slot": aState.Slot(),
-				"root": fmt.Sprintf("%#x", aRoot),
-			}).Info("Saved state in DB")
-	}
-	// Update finalized info in memory.
-	fInfo, ok, err := s.epochBoundaryStateCache.getByBlockRoot(fRoot)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if ok {
-		s.SaveFinalizedState(fSlot, fRoot, fInfo.state)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *State) migrateHotToCold(aRoot [32]byte) {
-	// If you are migrating a state and its already part of the hot state cache saved to the db,
-	// you can just remove it from the hot state cache as it becomes redundant.
-	s.saveHotStateDB.lock.Lock()
-	roots := s.saveHotStateDB.blockRootsOfSavedStates
-	for i := range roots {
-		if aRoot == roots[i] {
-			s.saveHotStateDB.blockRootsOfSavedStates = append(roots[:i], roots[i+1:]...)
-			// There shouldn't be duplicated roots in `blockRootsOfSavedStates`.
-			// Break here is ok.
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	s.saveHotStateDB.lock.Unlock()
-}

beacon-chain/state/stategen/migrate_test.go

@@ -4,11 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/db/kv"
 	testDB "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/db/testing"
 	doublylinkedtree "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/cmd/beacon-chain/flags"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/features"
 	consensusblocks "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/primitives"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
@@ -227,170 +224,3 @@ func TestMigrateToCold_ParallelCalls(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.DeepEqual(t, [][32]byte{r7}, service.saveHotStateDB.blockRootsOfSavedStates, "Did not remove all saved hot state roots")
 	require.LogsContain(t, hook, "Saved state in DB")
 }
-
-// =========================================================================
-// Tests for migrateToColdHdiff (state diff migration)
-// =========================================================================
-
-// setStateDiffExponents sets state diff exponents for testing.
-// Uses exponents [6, 5] which means:
-// - Level 0: Every 2^6 = 64 slots (full snapshot)
-// - Level 1: Every 2^5 = 32 slots (diff)
-func setStateDiffExponents() {
-	globalFlags := flags.GlobalFlags{
-		StateDiffExponents: []int{6, 5},
-	}
-	flags.Init(&globalFlags)
-}
-
-// TestMigrateToColdHdiff_CanUpdateFinalizedInfo verifies that the migration
-// correctly updates finalized info when migrating to slots not in the diff tree.
-func TestMigrateToColdHdiff_CanUpdateFinalizedInfo(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := t.Context()
-	// Set exponents and create DB first (without EnableStateDiff flag).
-	setStateDiffExponents()
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	// Initialize the state diff cache via the method on *kv.Store (not in interface).
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.(*kv.Store).InitStateDiffCacheForTesting(0))
-	// Now enable the feature flag.
-	resetCfg := features.InitWithReset(&features.Flags{EnableStateDiff: true})
-	defer resetCfg()
-	service := New(beaconDB, doublylinkedtree.New())
-
-	beaconState, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 32)
-	genesisStateRoot, err := beaconState.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	genesis := blocks.NewGenesisBlock(genesisStateRoot[:])
-	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, genesis)
-	gRoot, err := genesis.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, gRoot))
-
-	// Put genesis state in epoch boundary cache so migrateToColdHdiff doesn't need to retrieve from DB.
-	require.NoError(t, service.epochBoundaryStateCache.put(gRoot, beaconState))
-
-	// Set initial finalized info at genesis.
-	service.finalizedInfo = &finalizedInfo{
-		slot:  0,
-		root:  gRoot,
-		state: beaconState,
-	}
-
-	// Create finalized block at slot 10 (not in diff tree, so no intermediate states saved).
-	finalizedState := beaconState.Copy()
-	require.NoError(t, finalizedState.SetSlot(10))
-	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	b.Block.Slot = 10
-	fRoot, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, b)
-	require.NoError(t, service.epochBoundaryStateCache.put(fRoot, finalizedState))
-
-	require.NoError(t, service.MigrateToCold(ctx, fRoot))
-
-	// Verify finalized info is updated.
-	assert.Equal(t, primitives.Slot(10), service.finalizedInfo.slot)
-	assert.DeepEqual(t, fRoot, service.finalizedInfo.root)
-	expectedHTR, err := finalizedState.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	actualHTR, err := service.finalizedInfo.state.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.DeepEqual(t, expectedHTR, actualHTR)
-}
-
-// TestMigrateToColdHdiff_SkipsSlotsNotInDiffTree verifies that the migration
-// skips slots that are not in the diff tree.
-func TestMigrateToColdHdiff_SkipsSlotsNotInDiffTree(t *testing.T) {
-	hook := logTest.NewGlobal()
-	ctx := t.Context()
-	// Set exponents and create DB first (without EnableStateDiff flag).
-	setStateDiffExponents()
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	// Initialize the state diff cache via the method on *kv.Store (not in interface).
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.(*kv.Store).InitStateDiffCacheForTesting(0))
-	// Now enable the feature flag.
-	resetCfg := features.InitWithReset(&features.Flags{EnableStateDiff: true})
-	defer resetCfg()
-	service := New(beaconDB, doublylinkedtree.New())
-
-	beaconState, pks := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 32)
-	genesisStateRoot, err := beaconState.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	genesis := blocks.NewGenesisBlock(genesisStateRoot[:])
-	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, genesis)
-	gRoot, err := genesis.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, gRoot))
-
-	// Start from slot 1 to avoid slot 0 which is in the diff tree.
-	service.finalizedInfo = &finalizedInfo{
-		slot:  1,
-		root:  gRoot,
-		state: beaconState,
-	}
-
-	// Reset the log hook to ignore setup logs.
-	hook.Reset()
-
-	// Create a block at slot 20 (NOT in diff tree with exponents [6,5]).
-	b20, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(beaconState, pks, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 20)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	r20, err := b20.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, b20)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(ctx, &ethpb.StateSummary{Slot: 20, Root: r20[:]}))
-
-	// Put finalized state in cache.
-	finalizedState := beaconState.Copy()
-	require.NoError(t, finalizedState.SetSlot(20))
-	require.NoError(t, service.epochBoundaryStateCache.put(r20, finalizedState))
-
-	require.NoError(t, service.MigrateToCold(ctx, r20))
-
-	// Verify NO states were saved during migration (slots 1-19 are not in diff tree).
-	assert.LogsDoNotContain(t, hook, "Saved state in DB")
-}
-
-// TestMigrateToColdHdiff_NoOpWhenFinalizedSlotNotAdvanced verifies that
-// migration is a no-op when the finalized slot has not advanced.
-func TestMigrateToColdHdiff_NoOpWhenFinalizedSlotNotAdvanced(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := t.Context()
-	// Set exponents and create DB first (without EnableStateDiff flag).
-	setStateDiffExponents()
-	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	// Initialize the state diff cache via the method on *kv.Store (not in interface).
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.(*kv.Store).InitStateDiffCacheForTesting(0))
-	// Now enable the feature flag.
-	resetCfg := features.InitWithReset(&features.Flags{EnableStateDiff: true})
-	defer resetCfg()
-	service := New(beaconDB, doublylinkedtree.New())
-
-	beaconState, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 32)
-	genesisStateRoot, err := beaconState.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	genesis := blocks.NewGenesisBlock(genesisStateRoot[:])
-	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, genesis)
-	gRoot, err := genesis.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, gRoot))
-
-	// Set finalized info already at slot 50.
-	finalizedState := beaconState.Copy()
-	require.NoError(t, finalizedState.SetSlot(50))
-	service.finalizedInfo = &finalizedInfo{
-		slot:  50,
-		root:  gRoot,
-		state: finalizedState,
-	}
-
-	// Create block at same slot 50.
-	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	b.Block.Slot = 50
-	fRoot, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, b)
-	require.NoError(t, service.epochBoundaryStateCache.put(fRoot, finalizedState))
-
-	// Migration should be a no-op (finalized slot not advancing).
-	require.NoError(t, service.MigrateToCold(ctx, fRoot))
-}

beacon-chain/sync/validate_data_column.go

@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@ package sync
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"math"
+	"slices"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/feed"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/feed/operation"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/p2p"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/verification"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/fieldparams"
@@ -192,19 +193,13 @@ func (s *Service) validateDataColumn(ctx context.Context, pid peer.ID, msg *pubs
 	dataColumnSidecarArrivalGossipSummary.Observe(float64(sinceSlotStartTime.Milliseconds()))
 	dataColumnSidecarVerificationGossipHistogram.Observe(float64(validationTime.Milliseconds()))
 
-	peerGossipScore := s.cfg.p2p.Peers().Scorers().GossipScorer().Score(pid)
-
 	select {
 	case s.dataColumnLogCh <- dataColumnLogEntry{
-		Slot:            roDataColumn.Slot(),
-		ColIdx:          roDataColumn.Index,
-		PropIdx:         roDataColumn.ProposerIndex(),
-		BlockRoot:       roDataColumn.BlockRoot(),
-		ParentRoot:      roDataColumn.ParentRoot(),
-		PeerSuffix:      pid.String()[len(pid.String())-6:],
-		PeerGossipScore: peerGossipScore,
-		validationTime:  validationTime,
-		sinceStartTime:  sinceSlotStartTime,
+		slot:           roDataColumn.Slot(),
+		index:          roDataColumn.Index,
+		root:           roDataColumn.BlockRoot(),
+		validationTime: validationTime,
+		sinceStartTime: sinceSlotStartTime,
 	}:
 	default:
 		log.WithField("slot", roDataColumn.Slot()).Warn("Failed to send data column log entry")
@@ -249,68 +244,69 @@ func computeCacheKey(slot primitives.Slot, proposerIndex primitives.ValidatorInd
 }
 
 type dataColumnLogEntry struct {
-	Slot            primitives.Slot
-	ColIdx          uint64
-	PropIdx         primitives.ValidatorIndex
-	BlockRoot       [32]byte
-	ParentRoot      [32]byte
-	PeerSuffix      string
-	PeerGossipScore float64
-	validationTime  time.Duration
-	sinceStartTime  time.Duration
+	slot           primitives.Slot
+	index          uint64
+	root           [32]byte
+	validationTime time.Duration
+	sinceStartTime time.Duration
 }
 
 func (s *Service) processDataColumnLogs() {
 	ticker := time.NewTicker(1 * time.Second)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
-	slotStats := make(map[primitives.Slot][fieldparams.NumberOfColumns]dataColumnLogEntry)
+	slotStats := make(map[[fieldparams.RootLength]byte][]dataColumnLogEntry)
 
 	for {
 		select {
-		case entry := <-s.dataColumnLogCh:
-			cols := slotStats[entry.Slot]
-			cols[entry.ColIdx] = entry
-			slotStats[entry.Slot] = cols
+		case col := <-s.dataColumnLogCh:
+			cols := slotStats[col.root]
+			cols = append(cols, col)
+			slotStats[col.root] = cols
 		case <-ticker.C:
-			for slot, columns := range slotStats {
-				var (
-					colIndices      = make([]uint64, 0, fieldparams.NumberOfColumns)
-					peers           = make([]string, 0, fieldparams.NumberOfColumns)
-					gossipScores    = make([]float64, 0, fieldparams.NumberOfColumns)
-					validationTimes = make([]string, 0, fieldparams.NumberOfColumns)
-					sinceStartTimes = make([]string, 0, fieldparams.NumberOfColumns)
-				)
+			for root, columns := range slotStats {
+				indices := make([]uint64, 0, fieldparams.NumberOfColumns)
+				minValidationTime, maxValidationTime, sumValidationTime := time.Duration(0), time.Duration(0), time.Duration(0)
+				minSinceStartTime, maxSinceStartTime, sumSinceStartTime := time.Duration(0), time.Duration(0), time.Duration(0)
 
 				totalReceived := 0
-				for _, entry := range columns {
-					if entry.PeerSuffix == "" {
+				for _, column := range columns {
+					indices = append(indices, column.index)
+
+					sumValidationTime += column.validationTime
+					sumSinceStartTime += column.sinceStartTime
+
+					if totalReceived == 0 {
+						minValidationTime, maxValidationTime = column.validationTime, column.validationTime
+						minSinceStartTime, maxSinceStartTime = column.sinceStartTime, column.sinceStartTime
+						totalReceived++
 						continue
 					}
-					colIndices = append(colIndices, entry.ColIdx)
-					peers = append(peers, entry.PeerSuffix)
-					gossipScores = append(gossipScores, roundFloat(entry.PeerGossipScore, 2))
-					validationTimes = append(validationTimes, fmt.Sprintf("%.2fms", float64(entry.validationTime.Milliseconds())))
-					sinceStartTimes = append(sinceStartTimes, fmt.Sprintf("%.2fms", float64(entry.sinceStartTime.Milliseconds())))
+
+					minValidationTime, maxValidationTime = min(minValidationTime, column.validationTime), max(maxValidationTime, column.validationTime)
+					minSinceStartTime, maxSinceStartTime = min(minSinceStartTime, column.sinceStartTime), max(maxSinceStartTime, column.sinceStartTime)
 					totalReceived++
 				}
 
-				log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-					"slot":            slot,
-					"receivedCount":   totalReceived,
-					"columnIndices":   colIndices,
-					"peers":           peers,
-					"gossipScores":    gossipScores,
-					"validationTimes": validationTimes,
-					"sinceStartTimes": sinceStartTimes,
-				}).Debug("Accepted data column sidecars summary")
+				if totalReceived > 0 {
+					slices.Sort(indices)
+					avgValidationTime := sumValidationTime / time.Duration(totalReceived)
+					avgSinceStartTime := sumSinceStartTime / time.Duration(totalReceived)
+
+					log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+						"slot":           columns[0].slot,
+						"root":           fmt.Sprintf("%#x", root),
+						"count":          totalReceived,
+						"indices":        helpers.PrettySlice(indices),
+						"validationTime": prettyMinMaxAverage(minValidationTime, maxValidationTime, avgValidationTime),
+						"sinceStartTime": prettyMinMaxAverage(minSinceStartTime, maxSinceStartTime, avgSinceStartTime),
+					}).Debug("Accepted data column sidecars summary")
+				}
 			}
-			slotStats = make(map[primitives.Slot][fieldparams.NumberOfColumns]dataColumnLogEntry)
+
+			slotStats = make(map[[fieldparams.RootLength]byte][]dataColumnLogEntry)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func roundFloat(f float64, decimals int) float64 {
-	mult := math.Pow(10, float64(decimals))
-	return math.Round(f*mult) / mult
+func prettyMinMaxAverage(min, max, average time.Duration) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("[min: %v, avg: %v, max: %v]", min, average, max)
 }

beacon-chain/verification/blob_test.go

@@ -687,6 +687,12 @@ func sbrNotFound(t *testing.T, expectedRoot [32]byte) *mockStateByRooter {
 	}}
 }
 
+func sbrReturnsState(st state.BeaconState) *mockStateByRooter {
+	return &mockStateByRooter{sbr: func(_ context.Context, _ [32]byte) (state.BeaconState, error) {
+		return st, nil
+	}}
+}
+
 func sbrForValOverride(idx primitives.ValidatorIndex, val *ethpb.Validator) *mockStateByRooter {
 	return sbrForValOverrideWithT(nil, idx, val)
 }

beacon-chain/verification/data_column.go

@@ -11,12 +11,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/peerdas"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/transition"
-	forkchoicetypes "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/state"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/blocks"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/primitives"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/encoding/bytesutil"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/runtime/logging"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/time/slots"
@@ -484,88 +482,19 @@ func (dv *RODataColumnsVerifier) SidecarProposerExpected(ctx context.Context) (e
 
 	defer dv.recordResult(RequireSidecarProposerExpected, &err)
 
-	type slotParentRoot struct {
-		slot       primitives.Slot
-		parentRoot [fieldparams.RootLength]byte
-	}
-
-	targetRootBySlotParentRoot := make(map[slotParentRoot][fieldparams.RootLength]byte)
-
-	var targetRootFromCache = func(slot primitives.Slot, parentRoot [fieldparams.RootLength]byte) ([fieldparams.RootLength]byte, error) {
-		// Use cached values if available.
-		slotParentRoot := slotParentRoot{slot: slot, parentRoot: parentRoot}
-		if root, ok := targetRootBySlotParentRoot[slotParentRoot]; ok {
-			return root, nil
-		}
-
-		// Compute the epoch of the data column slot.
-		dataColumnEpoch := slots.ToEpoch(slot)
-		if dataColumnEpoch > 0 {
-			dataColumnEpoch = dataColumnEpoch - 1
-		}
-
-		// Compute the target root for the epoch.
-		targetRoot, err := dv.fc.TargetRootForEpoch(parentRoot, dataColumnEpoch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return [fieldparams.RootLength]byte{}, columnErrBuilder(errors.Wrap(err, "target root from epoch"))
-		}
-
-		// Store the target root in the cache.
-		targetRootBySlotParentRoot[slotParentRoot] = targetRoot
-
-		return targetRoot, nil
-	}
-
 	for _, dataColumn := range dv.dataColumns {
-		// Extract the slot of the data column.
 		dataColumnSlot := dataColumn.Slot()
 
-		// Extract the root of the parent block corresponding to the data column.
-		parentRoot := dataColumn.ParentRoot()
-
-		// Compute the target root for the data column.
-		targetRoot, err := targetRootFromCache(dataColumnSlot, parentRoot)
+		// Get the verifying state, it is guaranteed to have the correct proposer in the lookahead.
+		verifyingState, err := dv.getVerifyingState(ctx, dataColumn)
 		if err != nil {
-			return columnErrBuilder(errors.Wrap(err, "target root"))
+			return columnErrBuilder(errors.Wrap(err, "verifying state"))
 		}
 
-		// Compute the epoch of the data column slot.
-		dataColumnEpoch := slots.ToEpoch(dataColumnSlot)
-		if dataColumnEpoch > 0 {
-			dataColumnEpoch = dataColumnEpoch - 1
-		}
-
-		// Create a checkpoint for the target root.
-		checkpoint := &forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{Root: targetRoot, Epoch: dataColumnEpoch}
-
-		// Try to extract the proposer index from the data column in the cache.
-		idx, cached := dv.pc.Proposer(checkpoint, dataColumnSlot)
-
-		if !cached {
-			parentRoot := dataColumn.ParentRoot()
-			// Ensure the expensive index computation is only performed once for
-			// concurrent requests for the same signature data.
-			idxAny, err, _ := dv.sg.Do(concatRootSlot(parentRoot, dataColumnSlot), func() (any, error) {
-				verifyingState, err := dv.getVerifyingState(ctx, dataColumn)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, columnErrBuilder(errors.Wrap(err, "verifying state"))
-				}
-
-				idx, err = helpers.BeaconProposerIndexAtSlot(ctx, verifyingState, dataColumnSlot)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, columnErrBuilder(errors.Wrap(err, "compute proposer"))
-				}
-
-				return idx, nil
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			var ok bool
-			if idx, ok = idxAny.(primitives.ValidatorIndex); !ok {
-				return columnErrBuilder(errors.New("type assertion to ValidatorIndex failed"))
-			}
+		// Use proposer lookahead directly
+		idx, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndexAtSlot(ctx, verifyingState, dataColumnSlot)
+		if err != nil {
+			return columnErrBuilder(errors.Wrap(err, "proposer from lookahead"))
 		}
 
 		if idx != dataColumn.ProposerIndex() {
@@ -626,7 +555,3 @@ func inclusionProofKey(c blocks.RODataColumn) ([32]byte, error) {
 
 	return sha256.Sum256(unhashedKey), nil
 }
-
-func concatRootSlot(root [fieldparams.RootLength]byte, slot primitives.Slot) string {
-	return string(root[:]) + fmt.Sprintf("%d", slot)
-}

beacon-chain/verification/data_column_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package verification
 
 import (
 	"reflect"
-	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -795,87 +794,90 @@ func TestDataColumnsSidecarProposerExpected(t *testing.T) {
 		blobCount  = 1
 	)
 
-	parentRoot := [fieldparams.RootLength]byte{}
-	columns := GenerateTestDataColumns(t, parentRoot, columnSlot, blobCount)
-	firstColumn := columns[0]
 	ctx := t.Context()
-	testCases := []struct {
-		name          string
-		stateByRooter StateByRooter
-		proposerCache proposerCache
-		columns       []blocks.RODataColumn
-		error         string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:          "Cached, matches",
-			stateByRooter: nil,
-			proposerCache: &mockProposerCache{
-				ProposerCB: pcReturnsIdx(firstColumn.ProposerIndex()),
-			},
-			columns: columns,
-		},
-		{
-			name:          "Cached, does not match",
-			stateByRooter: nil,
-			proposerCache: &mockProposerCache{
-				ProposerCB: pcReturnsIdx(firstColumn.ProposerIndex() + 1),
-			},
-			columns: columns,
-			error:   errSidecarUnexpectedProposer.Error(),
-		},
-		{
-			name:          "Not cached, state lookup failure",
-			stateByRooter: sbrNotFound(t, firstColumn.ParentRoot()),
-			proposerCache: &mockProposerCache{
-				ProposerCB: pcReturnsNotFound(),
-			},
-			columns: columns,
-			error:   "verifying state",
-		},
-	}
+	parentRoot := [fieldparams.RootLength]byte{}
 
-	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			initializer := Initializer{
-				shared: &sharedResources{
-					sr:  tc.stateByRooter,
-					pc:  tc.proposerCache,
-					hsp: &mockHeadStateProvider{},
-					fc: &mockForkchoicer{
-						TargetRootForEpochCB: fcReturnsTargetRoot([fieldparams.RootLength]byte{}),
-					},
+	// Create a Fulu state to get the expected proposer from the lookahead.
+	fuluState, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisStateFulu(t, 32)
+	expectedProposer, err := fuluState.ProposerLookahead()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	expectedProposerIdx := primitives.ValidatorIndex(expectedProposer[columnSlot])
+
+	// Generate data columns with the expected proposer index.
+	matchingColumns := generateTestDataColumnsWithProposer(t, parentRoot, columnSlot, blobCount, expectedProposerIdx)
+	// Generate data columns with wrong proposer index.
+	wrongColumns := generateTestDataColumnsWithProposer(t, parentRoot, columnSlot, blobCount, expectedProposerIdx+1)
+
+	t.Run("Proposer matches", func(t *testing.T) {
+		initializer := Initializer{
+			shared: &sharedResources{
+				sr: sbrReturnsState(fuluState),
+				hsp: &mockHeadStateProvider{
+					headRoot:          parentRoot[:],
+					headSlot:          columnSlot, // Same epoch so HeadStateReadOnly is used
+					headStateReadOnly: fuluState,
 				},
-			}
+				fc: &mockForkchoicer{},
+			},
+		}
 
-			verifier := initializer.NewDataColumnsVerifier(tc.columns, GossipDataColumnSidecarRequirements)
-			var wg sync.WaitGroup
+		verifier := initializer.NewDataColumnsVerifier(matchingColumns, GossipDataColumnSidecarRequirements)
+		err := verifier.SidecarProposerExpected(ctx)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, true, verifier.results.executed(RequireSidecarProposerExpected))
+		require.NoError(t, verifier.results.result(RequireSidecarProposerExpected))
+	})
 
-			var err1, err2 error
-			wg.Go(func() {
-				err1 = verifier.SidecarProposerExpected(ctx)
-			})
-			wg.Go(func() {
-				err2 = verifier.SidecarProposerExpected(ctx)
-			})
-			wg.Wait()
+	t.Run("Proposer does not match", func(t *testing.T) {
+		initializer := Initializer{
+			shared: &sharedResources{
+				sr: sbrReturnsState(fuluState),
+				hsp: &mockHeadStateProvider{
+					headRoot:          parentRoot[:],
+					headSlot:          columnSlot, // Same epoch so HeadStateReadOnly is used
+					headStateReadOnly: fuluState,
+				},
+				fc: &mockForkchoicer{},
+			},
+		}
 
-			require.Equal(t, true, verifier.results.executed(RequireSidecarProposerExpected))
+		verifier := initializer.NewDataColumnsVerifier(wrongColumns, GossipDataColumnSidecarRequirements)
+		err := verifier.SidecarProposerExpected(ctx)
+		require.ErrorContains(t, errSidecarUnexpectedProposer.Error(), err)
+		require.Equal(t, true, verifier.results.executed(RequireSidecarProposerExpected))
+		require.NotNil(t, verifier.results.result(RequireSidecarProposerExpected))
+	})
 
-			if len(tc.error) > 0 {
-				require.ErrorContains(t, tc.error, err1)
-				require.ErrorContains(t, tc.error, err2)
-				require.NotNil(t, verifier.results.result(RequireSidecarProposerExpected))
-				return
-			}
+	t.Run("State lookup failure", func(t *testing.T) {
+		columns := GenerateTestDataColumns(t, parentRoot, columnSlot, blobCount)
+		initializer := Initializer{
+			shared: &sharedResources{
+				sr:  sbrNotFound(t, columns[0].ParentRoot()),
+				hsp: &mockHeadStateProvider{},
+				fc:  &mockForkchoicer{},
+			},
+		}
 
-			require.NoError(t, err1)
-			require.NoError(t, err2)
-			require.NoError(t, verifier.results.result(RequireSidecarProposerExpected))
+		verifier := initializer.NewDataColumnsVerifier(columns, GossipDataColumnSidecarRequirements)
+		err := verifier.SidecarProposerExpected(ctx)
+		require.ErrorContains(t, "verifying state", err)
+		require.Equal(t, true, verifier.results.executed(RequireSidecarProposerExpected))
+		require.NotNil(t, verifier.results.result(RequireSidecarProposerExpected))
+	})
+}
 
-			err := verifier.SidecarProposerExpected(ctx)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-		})
+func generateTestDataColumnsWithProposer(t *testing.T, parent [fieldparams.RootLength]byte, slot primitives.Slot, blobCount int, proposer primitives.ValidatorIndex) []blocks.RODataColumn {
+	roBlock, roBlobs := util.GenerateTestDenebBlockWithSidecar(t, parent, slot, blobCount, util.WithProposer(proposer))
+	blobs := make([]kzg.Blob, 0, len(roBlobs))
+	for i := range roBlobs {
+		blobs = append(blobs, kzg.Blob(roBlobs[i].Blob))
 	}
+
+	cellsPerBlob, proofsPerBlob := util.GenerateCellsAndProofs(t, blobs)
+	roDataColumnSidecars, err := peerdas.DataColumnSidecars(cellsPerBlob, proofsPerBlob, peerdas.PopulateFromBlock(roBlock))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return roDataColumnSidecars
 }
 
 func TestColumnRequirementSatisfaction(t *testing.T) {
@@ -922,12 +924,3 @@ func TestColumnRequirementSatisfaction(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 }
 
-func TestConcatRootSlot(t *testing.T) {
-	root := [fieldparams.RootLength]byte{1, 2, 3}
-	const slot = primitives.Slot(3210)
-
-	const expected = "\x01\x02\x03\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x003210"
-
-	actual := concatRootSlot(root, slot)
-	require.Equal(t, expected, actual)
-}

changelog/manu-cache-warmup.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+### Changed
+
+- Data column sidecars cache warmup: Process in parallel all sidecars for a given epoch.

changelog/manu-log.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+### Changed
+
+- Summarize DEBUG log corresponding to incoming via gossip data column sidecar.

changelog/potuz_dcs_pc_removal.md

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+### Changed
+- Use lookahead to validate data column sidecar proposer index.

changelog/potuz_dont_lock_fcu.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+### Changed
+
+- Notify the engine about forkchoice updates in the background. 

changelog/potuz_fcu_ctx.md

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+### Changed
+- Use a separate context when updating the slot cache. 

changelog/potuz_hdiff_migrate_to_cold.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-### Added
-
-- Migrate to cold with the hdiff feature. 

cmd/beacon-chain/main.go

@@ -156,7 +156,6 @@ var appFlags = []cli.Flag{
 	dasFlags.BackfillOldestSlot,
 	dasFlags.BlobRetentionEpochFlag,
 	flags.BatchVerifierLimit,
-	flags.StateDiffExponents,
 }
 
 func init() {

cmd/beacon-chain/usage.go

@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ var appHelpFlagGroups = []flagGroup{
 			flags.RPCHost,
 			flags.RPCPort,
 			flags.BatchVerifierLimit,
-			flags.StateDiffExponents,
 		},
 	},
 	{

config/features/flags.go

@@ -270,7 +270,6 @@ var BeaconChainFlags = combinedFlags([]cli.Flag{
 	DisableQUIC,
 	EnableDiscoveryReboot,
 	enableExperimentalAttestationPool,
-	EnableStateDiff,
 	forceHeadFlag,
 	blacklistRoots,
 }, deprecatedBeaconFlags, deprecatedFlags, upcomingDeprecation)

proto/prysm/v1alpha1/cloners.go

@@ -174,3 +174,28 @@ func copyBeaconBlockBodyGloas(body *BeaconBlockBodyGloas) *BeaconBlockBodyGloas
 
 	return copied
 }
+
+// CopyBuilderPendingPayment creates a deep copy of a builder pending payment.
+func CopyBuilderPendingPayment(original *BuilderPendingPayment) *BuilderPendingPayment {
+	if original == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return &BuilderPendingPayment{
+		Weight:     original.Weight,
+		Withdrawal: copyBuilderPendingWithdrawal(original.Withdrawal),
+	}
+}
+
+// copyBuilderPendingWithdrawal creates a deep copy of a builder pending withdrawal.
+func copyBuilderPendingWithdrawal(original *BuilderPendingWithdrawal) *BuilderPendingWithdrawal {
+	if original == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return &BuilderPendingWithdrawal{
+		FeeRecipient: bytesutil.SafeCopyBytes(original.FeeRecipient),
+		Amount:       original.Amount,
+		BuilderIndex: original.BuilderIndex,
+	}
+}

testing/endtoend/BUILD.bazel

@@ -95,7 +95,6 @@ go_test(
         "endtoend_setup_test.go",
         "endtoend_test.go",
         "minimal_e2e_test.go",
-        "minimal_hdiff_e2e_test.go",
         "minimal_slashing_e2e_test.go",
         "slasher_simulator_e2e_test.go",
     ],

testing/endtoend/minimal_hdiff_e2e_test.go

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-package endtoend
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/runtime/version"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/endtoend/types"
-)
-
-func TestEndToEnd_MinimalConfig_WithStateDiff(t *testing.T) {
-	r := e2eMinimal(t, types.InitForkCfg(version.Bellatrix, version.Electra, params.E2ETestConfig()),
-		types.WithStateDiff(),
-	)
-	r.run()
-}

testing/endtoend/types/types.go

@@ -67,15 +67,6 @@ func WithSSZOnly() E2EConfigOpt {
 	}
 }
 
-func WithStateDiff() E2EConfigOpt {
-	return func(cfg *E2EConfig) {
-		cfg.BeaconFlags = append(cfg.BeaconFlags,
-			"--enable-state-diff",
-			"--state-diff-exponents=6,5", // Small exponents for quick testing
-		)
-	}
-}
-
 // E2EConfig defines the struct for all configurations needed for E2E testing.
 type E2EConfig struct {
 	TestCheckpointSync      bool

testing/spectest/mainnet/BUILD.bazel

@@ -200,6 +200,7 @@ go_test(
         "fulu__sanity__blocks_test.go",
         "fulu__sanity__slots_test.go",
         "fulu__ssz_static__ssz_static_test.go",
+        "gloas__operations__attestation_test.go",
         "gloas__ssz_static__ssz_static_test.go",
         "phase0__epoch_processing__effective_balance_updates_test.go",
         "phase0__epoch_processing__epoch_processing_test.go",
@@ -278,6 +279,7 @@ go_test(
         "//testing/spectest/shared/fulu/rewards:go_default_library",
         "//testing/spectest/shared/fulu/sanity:go_default_library",
         "//testing/spectest/shared/fulu/ssz_static:go_default_library",
+        "//testing/spectest/shared/gloas/operations:go_default_library",
         "//testing/spectest/shared/gloas/ssz_static:go_default_library",
         "//testing/spectest/shared/phase0/epoch_processing:go_default_library",
         "//testing/spectest/shared/phase0/finality:go_default_library",

testing/spectest/mainnet/gloas__operations__attestation_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package mainnet
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/spectest/shared/gloas/operations"
+)
+
+func TestMainnet_Gloas_Operations_Attestation(t *testing.T) {
+	operations.RunAttestationTest(t, "mainnet")
+}

testing/spectest/minimal/BUILD.bazel

@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@ go_test(
         "fulu__sanity__blocks_test.go",
         "fulu__sanity__slots_test.go",
         "fulu__ssz_static__ssz_static_test.go",
+        "gloas__operations__attestation_test.go",
         "gloas__ssz_static__ssz_static_test.go",
         "phase0__epoch_processing__effective_balance_updates_test.go",
         "phase0__epoch_processing__epoch_processing_test.go",
@@ -288,6 +289,7 @@ go_test(
         "//testing/spectest/shared/fulu/rewards:go_default_library",
         "//testing/spectest/shared/fulu/sanity:go_default_library",
         "//testing/spectest/shared/fulu/ssz_static:go_default_library",
+        "//testing/spectest/shared/gloas/operations:go_default_library",
         "//testing/spectest/shared/gloas/ssz_static:go_default_library",
         "//testing/spectest/shared/phase0/epoch_processing:go_default_library",
         "//testing/spectest/shared/phase0/finality:go_default_library",

testing/spectest/minimal/gloas__operations__attestation_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package minimal
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/spectest/shared/gloas/operations"
+)
+
+func TestMinimal_Gloas_Operations_Attestation(t *testing.T) {
+	operations.RunAttestationTest(t, "minimal")
+}

testing/spectest/shared/gloas/operations/BUILD.bazel

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+load("@prysm//tools/go:def.bzl", "go_library")
+
+go_library(
+    name = "go_default_library",
+    srcs = [
+        "attestation.go",
+        "helpers.go",
+    ],
+    importpath = "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/spectest/shared/gloas/operations",
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+    deps = [
+        "//beacon-chain/core/altair:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/state:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/state/state-native:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/interfaces:go_default_library",
+        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
+        "//runtime/version:go_default_library",
+        "//testing/spectest/shared/common/operations:go_default_library",
+        "//testing/util:go_default_library",
+    ],
+)

testing/spectest/shared/gloas/operations/attestation.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package operations
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/altair"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/runtime/version"
+	common "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/spectest/shared/common/operations"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/util"
+)
+
+func blockWithAttestation(attestationSSZ []byte) (interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock, error) {
+	att := &ethpb.AttestationElectra{}
+	if err := att.UnmarshalSSZ(attestationSSZ); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	b := util.NewBeaconBlockGloas()
+	b.Block.Body = &ethpb.BeaconBlockBodyGloas{Attestations: []*ethpb.AttestationElectra{att}}
+	return blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
+}
+
+func RunAttestationTest(t *testing.T, config string) {
+	common.RunAttestationTest(t, config, version.String(version.Gloas), blockWithAttestation, altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature, sszToState)
+}

testing/spectest/shared/gloas/operations/helpers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package operations
+
+import (
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/state"
+	state_native "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/state/state-native"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+)
+
+func sszToState(b []byte) (state.BeaconState, error) {
+	base := &ethpb.BeaconStateGloas{}
+	if err := base.UnmarshalSSZ(b); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return state_native.InitializeFromProtoGloas(base)
+}
+
+func sszToBlock(b []byte) (interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock, error) {
+	base := &ethpb.BeaconBlockGloas{}
+	if err := base.UnmarshalSSZ(b); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(&ethpb.SignedBeaconBlockGloas{Block: base})
+}
+
+func sszToBlockBody(b []byte) (interfaces.ReadOnlyBeaconBlockBody, error) {
+	base := &ethpb.BeaconBlockBodyGloas{}
+	if err := base.UnmarshalSSZ(b); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return blocks.NewBeaconBlockBody(base)
+}

testing/spectest/shared/gloas/ssz_static/ssz_static.go

@@ -15,29 +15,27 @@ import (
 
 // RunSSZStaticTests executes "ssz_static" tests.
 func RunSSZStaticTests(t *testing.T, config string) {
-	common.RunSSZStaticTests(t, config, "gloas", unmarshalledSSZ, customHtr)
+	common.RunSSZStaticTests(t, config, "gloas", UnmarshalledSSZ, customHtr)
 }
 
-func customHtr(t *testing.T, htrs []common.HTR, object any) []common.HTR {
+func customHtr(t *testing.T, htrs []common.HTR, object interface{}) []common.HTR {
 	_, ok := object.(*ethpb.BeaconStateGloas)
 	if !ok {
 		return htrs
 	}
 
-	htrs = append(htrs, func(s any) ([32]byte, error) {
+	htrs = append(htrs, func(s interface{}) ([32]byte, error) {
 		beaconState, err := state_native.InitializeFromProtoGloas(s.(*ethpb.BeaconStateGloas))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-
 		return beaconState.HashTreeRoot(context.Background())
 	})
 
 	return htrs
 }
 
-// unmarshalledSSZ unmarshalls serialized input.
-func unmarshalledSSZ(t *testing.T, serializedBytes []byte, folderName string) (any, error) {
-	var obj any
-
+// UnmarshalledSSZ unmarshalls serialized input.
+func UnmarshalledSSZ(t *testing.T, serializedBytes []byte, folderName string) (interface{}, error) {
+	var obj interface{}
 	switch folderName {
 	// Gloas specific types
 	case "ExecutionPayloadBid":
@@ -54,28 +52,22 @@ func unmarshalledSSZ(t *testing.T, serializedBytes []byte, folderName string) (a
 		obj = &ethpb.BeaconBlockGloas{}
 	case "BeaconBlockBody":
 		obj = &ethpb.BeaconBlockBodyGloas{}
-	case "BeaconState":
-		obj = &ethpb.BeaconStateGloas{}
 	case "BuilderPendingPayment":
 		obj = &ethpb.BuilderPendingPayment{}
 	case "BuilderPendingWithdrawal":
 		obj = &ethpb.BuilderPendingWithdrawal{}
 	case "ExecutionPayloadEnvelope":
-		obj = &ethpb.ExecutionPayloadEnvelope{}
+		obj = &enginev1.ExecutionPayloadEnvelope{}
 	case "SignedExecutionPayloadEnvelope":
-		obj = &ethpb.SignedExecutionPayloadEnvelope{}
+		obj = &enginev1.SignedExecutionPayloadEnvelope{}
 	case "ForkChoiceNode":
 		t.Skip("Not a consensus type")
 	case "IndexedPayloadAttestation":
 		t.Skip("Not a consensus type")
-	case "DataColumnSidecar":
-		obj = &ethpb.DataColumnSidecarGloas{}
 
 	// Standard types that also exist in gloas
 	case "ExecutionPayload":
 		obj = &enginev1.ExecutionPayloadDeneb{}
-	case "ExecutionPayloadHeader":
-		obj = &enginev1.ExecutionPayloadHeaderDeneb{}
 	case "Attestation":
 		obj = &ethpb.AttestationElectra{}
 	case "AttestationData":
@@ -86,6 +78,8 @@ func unmarshalledSSZ(t *testing.T, serializedBytes []byte, folderName string) (a
 		obj = &ethpb.AggregateAttestationAndProofElectra{}
 	case "BeaconBlockHeader":
 		obj = &ethpb.BeaconBlockHeader{}
+	case "BeaconState":
+		obj = &ethpb.BeaconStateGloas{}
 	case "Checkpoint":
 		obj = &ethpb.Checkpoint{}
 	case "Deposit":
@@ -98,6 +92,7 @@ func unmarshalledSSZ(t *testing.T, serializedBytes []byte, folderName string) (a
 		obj = &ethpb.Eth1Data{}
 	case "Eth1Block":
 		t.Skip("Unused type")
+		return nil, nil
 	case "Fork":
 		obj = &ethpb.Fork{}
 	case "ForkData":
@@ -141,15 +136,15 @@ func unmarshalledSSZ(t *testing.T, serializedBytes []byte, folderName string) (a
 	case "SyncCommittee":
 		obj = &ethpb.SyncCommittee{}
 	case "LightClientOptimisticUpdate":
-		obj = &ethpb.LightClientOptimisticUpdateDeneb{}
+		t.Skip("Need to fix header type first")
 	case "LightClientFinalityUpdate":
-		obj = &ethpb.LightClientFinalityUpdateElectra{}
+		t.Skip("Need to fix header type first")
 	case "LightClientBootstrap":
-		obj = &ethpb.LightClientBootstrapElectra{}
+		t.Skip("Need to fix header type first")
 	case "LightClientUpdate":
-		obj = &ethpb.LightClientUpdateElectra{}
+		t.Skip("Need to fix header type first")
 	case "LightClientHeader":
-		obj = &ethpb.LightClientHeaderDeneb{}
+		t.Skip("Need to fix header type first")
 	case "BlobIdentifier":
 		obj = &ethpb.BlobIdentifier{}
 	case "BlobSidecar":
@@ -178,6 +173,8 @@ func unmarshalledSSZ(t *testing.T, serializedBytes []byte, folderName string) (a
 		obj = &enginev1.ConsolidationRequest{}
 	case "ExecutionRequests":
 		obj = &enginev1.ExecutionRequests{}
+	case "DataColumnSidecar":
+		t.Skip("TODO: fix inclusion proof but not a priority")
 	case "DataColumnsByRootIdentifier":
 		obj = &ethpb.DataColumnsByRootIdentifier{}
 	case "MatrixEntry":
@@ -185,13 +182,11 @@ func unmarshalledSSZ(t *testing.T, serializedBytes []byte, folderName string) (a
 	default:
 		return nil, errors.New("type not found")
 	}
-
 	var err error
 	if o, ok := obj.(fssz.Unmarshaler); ok {
 		err = o.UnmarshalSSZ(serializedBytes)
 	} else {
 		err = errors.New("could not unmarshal object, not a fastssz compatible object")
 	}
-
 	return obj, err
 }

testing/util/deneb.go

@@ -44,6 +44,13 @@ func WithProposerSigning(idx primitives.ValidatorIndex, sk bls.SecretKey, valRoo
 	}
 }
 
+// WithProposer sets the proposer index for the generated block without signing.
+func WithProposer(idx primitives.ValidatorIndex) DenebBlockGeneratorOption {
+	return func(g *denebBlockGenerator) {
+		g.proposer = idx
+	}
+}
+
 func WithPayloadSetter(p *enginev1.ExecutionPayloadDeneb) DenebBlockGeneratorOption {
 	return func(g *denebBlockGenerator) {
 		g.payload = p