changelog

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**What type of PR is this?**

Feature

**What does this PR do? Why is it needed?**

- upgrading go ethereum to 1.16.7
- enabling fulu e2e 
- added new e2e field params and build option
- removes github.com/MariusVanDerWijden/FuzzyVM
v0.0.0-20240516070431-7828990cad7d and
github.com/MariusVanDerWijden/tx-fuzz v1.4.0

what changed
- e2e config on slots per epoch increased to match minimum 6->8 a 33%
increase in run time ( this is needed because field params only have
minimum presets and proposer look ahead feature uses it, so if it
doesn't match it fails)
- reduce presubmit epochs from 18 -> 10 and only run for electra -> fulu
- moves bellatrix -> fulu post merge test to post submit

**Which issues(s) does this PR fix?**

Fixes #

**Other notes for review**

**Acknowledgements**

- [x] I have read
[CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/blob/develop/CONTRIBUTING.md).
- [x] I have included a uniquely named [changelog fragment
file](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/blob/develop/CONTRIBUTING.md#maintaining-changelogmd).
- [x] I have added a description to this PR with sufficient context for
reviewers to understand this PR.

---------

Co-authored-by: Preston Van Loon <preston@pvl.dev>
Co-authored-by: Manu NALEPA <enalepa@offchainlabs.com>
Co-authored-by: Preston Van Loon <pvanloon@offchainlabs.com>
Co-authored-by: Radosław Kapka <rkapka@wp.pl>
Co-authored-by: Potuz <potuz@prysmaticlabs.com>

WORKSPACE

@@ -273,16 +273,16 @@ filegroup(
     url = "https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/archive/5480440fe51742ed23342b68cf106cefd427e39d.tar.gz",
 )
 
-consensus_spec_version = "v1.7.0-alpha.0"
+consensus_spec_version = "v1.7.0-alpha.1"
 
 load("@prysm//tools:download_spectests.bzl", "consensus_spec_tests")
 
 consensus_spec_tests(
     name = "consensus_spec_tests",
     flavors = {
-        "general": "sha256-b+rJOuVqq+Dy53quPcNYcQwPFoMU7Wp7tdUVe7n0g8w=",
-        "minimal": "sha256-qxRIxtjPxVsVCY90WsBJKhk0027XDSmhjnRvRN14V1c=",
-        "mainnet": "sha256-NsuOQG3LzeiEE1TrWuvQ6vu6BboHv7h7f/RTS0pWkCs=",
+        "general": "sha256-j5R3jA7Oo4OSDMTvpMuD+8RomaCByeFSwtfkq6fL0Zg=",
+        "minimal": "sha256-tdTqByoyswOS4r6OxFmo70y2BP7w1TgEok+gf4cbxB0=",
+        "mainnet": "sha256-5gB4dt6SnSDKzdBc06VedId3NkgvSYyv9n9FRxWKwYI=",
     },
     version = consensus_spec_version,
 )
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ filegroup(
     visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )
     """,
-    integrity = "sha256-hwNdUBgdBrkk6pWIpNYbzbwswUuOu6AMD2exN8uv+QQ=",
+    integrity = "sha256-J+43DrK1pF658kTXTwMS6zGf4KDjvas++m8w2a8swpg=",
     strip_prefix = "consensus-specs-" + consensus_spec_version[1:],
     url = "https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/archive/refs/tags/%s.tar.gz" % consensus_spec_version,
 )

beacon-chain/blockchain/BUILD.bazel

@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ go_library(
         "//beacon-chain/state:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/state/stategen:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/verification:go_default_library",
-        "//cmd/beacon-chain/flags:go_default_library",
         "//config/features:go_default_library",
         "//config/fieldparams:go_default_library",
         "//config/params:go_default_library",
@@ -174,7 +173,6 @@ go_test(
         "//beacon-chain/state/state-native:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/state/stategen:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/verification:go_default_library",
-        "//cmd/beacon-chain/flags:go_default_library",
         "//config/features:go_default_library",
         "//config/fieldparams:go_default_library",
         "//config/params:go_default_library",

beacon-chain/blockchain/service.go

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/cache"
 	statefeed "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/peerdas"
 	coreTime "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/time"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/transition"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/db"
@@ -30,7 +29,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/startup"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/state"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/cmd/beacon-chain/flags"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/interfaces"
@@ -291,19 +289,6 @@ func (s *Service) StartFromSavedState(saved state.BeaconState) error {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to initialize blockchain service")
 	}
 
-	if !params.FuluEnabled() {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	earliestAvailableSlot, custodySubnetCount, err := s.updateCustodyInfoInDB(saved.Slot())
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get and save custody group count")
-	}
-
-	if _, _, err := s.cfg.P2P.UpdateCustodyInfo(earliestAvailableSlot, custodySubnetCount); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "update custody info")
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -468,73 +453,6 @@ func (s *Service) removeStartupState() {
 	s.cfg.FinalizedStateAtStartUp = nil
 }
 
-// UpdateCustodyInfoInDB updates the custody information in the database.
-// It returns the (potentially updated) custody group count and the earliest available slot.
-func (s *Service) updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot primitives.Slot) (primitives.Slot, uint64, error) {
-	isSupernode := flags.Get().Supernode
-	isSemiSupernode := flags.Get().SemiSupernode
-
-	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
-	custodyRequirement := cfg.CustodyRequirement
-
-	// Check if the node was previously subscribed to all data subnets, and if so,
-	// store the new status accordingly.
-	wasSupernode, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.UpdateSubscribedToAllDataSubnets(s.ctx, isSupernode)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, errors.Wrap(err, "update subscribed to all data subnets")
-	}
-
-	// Compute the target custody group count based on current flag configuration.
-	targetCustodyGroupCount := custodyRequirement
-
-	// Supernode: custody all groups (either currently set or previously enabled)
-	if isSupernode {
-		targetCustodyGroupCount = cfg.NumberOfCustodyGroups
-	}
-
-	// Semi-supernode: custody minimum needed for reconstruction, or custody requirement if higher
-	if isSemiSupernode {
-		semiSupernodeCustody, err := peerdas.MinimumCustodyGroupCountToReconstruct()
-		if err != nil {
-			return 0, 0, errors.Wrap(err, "minimum custody group count")
-		}
-
-		targetCustodyGroupCount = max(custodyRequirement, semiSupernodeCustody)
-	}
-
-	// Safely compute the fulu fork slot.
-	fuluForkSlot, err := fuluForkSlot()
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, errors.Wrap(err, "fulu fork slot")
-	}
-
-	// If slot is before the fulu fork slot, then use the earliest stored slot as the reference slot.
-	if slot < fuluForkSlot {
-		slot, err = s.cfg.BeaconDB.EarliestSlot(s.ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return 0, 0, errors.Wrap(err, "earliest slot")
-		}
-	}
-
-	earliestAvailableSlot, actualCustodyGroupCount, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.UpdateCustodyInfo(s.ctx, slot, targetCustodyGroupCount)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, errors.Wrap(err, "update custody info")
-	}
-
-	if isSupernode {
-		log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-			"current": actualCustodyGroupCount,
-			"target":  cfg.NumberOfCustodyGroups,
-		}).Info("Supernode mode enabled. Will custody all data columns going forward.")
-	}
-
-	if wasSupernode && !isSupernode {
-		log.Warningf("Because the `--%s` flag was previously used, the node will continue to act as a super node.", flags.Supernode.Name)
-	}
-
-	return earliestAvailableSlot, actualCustodyGroupCount, nil
-}
-
 func spawnCountdownIfPreGenesis(ctx context.Context, genesisTime time.Time, db db.HeadAccessDatabase) {
 	currentTime := prysmTime.Now()
 	if currentTime.After(genesisTime) {
@@ -551,19 +469,3 @@ func spawnCountdownIfPreGenesis(ctx context.Context, genesisTime time.Time, db d
 	}
 	go slots.CountdownToGenesis(ctx, genesisTime, uint64(gState.NumValidators()), gRoot)
 }
-
-func fuluForkSlot() (primitives.Slot, error) {
-	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
-
-	fuluForkEpoch := cfg.FuluForkEpoch
-	if fuluForkEpoch == cfg.FarFutureEpoch {
-		return cfg.FarFutureSlot, nil
-	}
-
-	forkFuluSlot, err := slots.EpochStart(fuluForkEpoch)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, errors.Wrap(err, "epoch start")
-	}
-
-	return forkFuluSlot, nil
-}

beacon-chain/blockchain/service_test.go

@@ -23,11 +23,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/startup"
 	state_native "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/state/state-native"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/cmd/beacon-chain/flags"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/features"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/blocks"
 	consensusblocks "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/interfaces"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/primitives"
@@ -596,218 +594,3 @@ func TestNotifyIndex(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Notifier channel did not receive the index")
 	}
 }
-
-func TestUpdateCustodyInfoInDB(t *testing.T) {
-	const (
-		fuluForkEpoch         = 10
-		custodyRequirement    = uint64(4)
-		earliestStoredSlot    = primitives.Slot(12)
-		numberOfCustodyGroups = uint64(64)
-	)
-
-	params.SetupTestConfigCleanup(t)
-	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
-	cfg.FuluForkEpoch = fuluForkEpoch
-	cfg.CustodyRequirement = custodyRequirement
-	cfg.NumberOfCustodyGroups = numberOfCustodyGroups
-	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(cfg)
-
-	ctx := t.Context()
-	pbBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
-	pbBlock.Block.Slot = 12
-	signedBeaconBlock, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(pbBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	roBlock, err := blocks.NewROBlock(signedBeaconBlock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	t.Run("CGC increases before fulu", func(t *testing.T) {
-		service, requirements := minimalTestService(t)
-		err = requirements.db.SaveBlock(ctx, roBlock)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// Before Fulu
-		// -----------
-		actualEas, actualCgc, err := service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(15)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, earliestStoredSlot, actualEas)
-		require.Equal(t, custodyRequirement, actualCgc)
-
-		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(17)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, earliestStoredSlot, actualEas)
-		require.Equal(t, custodyRequirement, actualCgc)
-
-		resetFlags := flags.Get()
-		gFlags := new(flags.GlobalFlags)
-		gFlags.Supernode = true
-		flags.Init(gFlags)
-		defer flags.Init(resetFlags)
-
-		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(19)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, earliestStoredSlot, actualEas)
-		require.Equal(t, numberOfCustodyGroups, actualCgc)
-
-		// After Fulu
-		// ----------
-		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(fuluForkEpoch*primitives.Slot(cfg.SlotsPerEpoch) + 1)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, earliestStoredSlot, actualEas)
-		require.Equal(t, numberOfCustodyGroups, actualCgc)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("CGC increases after fulu", func(t *testing.T) {
-		service, requirements := minimalTestService(t)
-		err = requirements.db.SaveBlock(ctx, roBlock)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// Before Fulu
-		// -----------
-		actualEas, actualCgc, err := service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(15)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, earliestStoredSlot, actualEas)
-		require.Equal(t, custodyRequirement, actualCgc)
-
-		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(17)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, earliestStoredSlot, actualEas)
-		require.Equal(t, custodyRequirement, actualCgc)
-
-		// After Fulu
-		// ----------
-		resetFlags := flags.Get()
-		gFlags := new(flags.GlobalFlags)
-		gFlags.Supernode = true
-		flags.Init(gFlags)
-		defer flags.Init(resetFlags)
-
-		slot := fuluForkEpoch*primitives.Slot(cfg.SlotsPerEpoch) + 1
-		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, slot, actualEas)
-		require.Equal(t, numberOfCustodyGroups, actualCgc)
-
-		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot + 2)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, slot, actualEas)
-		require.Equal(t, numberOfCustodyGroups, actualCgc)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Supernode downgrade prevented", func(t *testing.T) {
-		service, requirements := minimalTestService(t)
-		err = requirements.db.SaveBlock(ctx, roBlock)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// Enable supernode
-		resetFlags := flags.Get()
-		gFlags := new(flags.GlobalFlags)
-		gFlags.Supernode = true
-		flags.Init(gFlags)
-
-		slot := fuluForkEpoch*primitives.Slot(cfg.SlotsPerEpoch) + 1
-		actualEas, actualCgc, err := service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, slot, actualEas)
-		require.Equal(t, numberOfCustodyGroups, actualCgc)
-
-		// Try to downgrade by removing flag
-		gFlags.Supernode = false
-		flags.Init(gFlags)
-		defer flags.Init(resetFlags)
-
-		// Should still be supernode
-		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot + 2)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, slot, actualEas)
-		require.Equal(t, numberOfCustodyGroups, actualCgc) // Still 64, not downgraded
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Semi-supernode downgrade prevented", func(t *testing.T) {
-		service, requirements := minimalTestService(t)
-		err = requirements.db.SaveBlock(ctx, roBlock)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// Enable semi-supernode
-		resetFlags := flags.Get()
-		gFlags := new(flags.GlobalFlags)
-		gFlags.SemiSupernode = true
-		flags.Init(gFlags)
-
-		slot := fuluForkEpoch*primitives.Slot(cfg.SlotsPerEpoch) + 1
-		actualEas, actualCgc, err := service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, slot, actualEas)
-		semiSupernodeCustody := numberOfCustodyGroups / 2 // 64
-		require.Equal(t, semiSupernodeCustody, actualCgc) // Semi-supernode custodies 64 groups
-
-		// Try to downgrade by removing flag
-		gFlags.SemiSupernode = false
-		flags.Init(gFlags)
-		defer flags.Init(resetFlags)
-
-		// UpdateCustodyInfo should prevent downgrade - custody count should remain at 64
-		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot + 2)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, slot, actualEas)
-		require.Equal(t, semiSupernodeCustody, actualCgc) // Still 64 due to downgrade prevention by UpdateCustodyInfo
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Semi-supernode to supernode upgrade allowed", func(t *testing.T) {
-		service, requirements := minimalTestService(t)
-		err = requirements.db.SaveBlock(ctx, roBlock)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// Start with semi-supernode
-		resetFlags := flags.Get()
-		gFlags := new(flags.GlobalFlags)
-		gFlags.SemiSupernode = true
-		flags.Init(gFlags)
-
-		slot := fuluForkEpoch*primitives.Slot(cfg.SlotsPerEpoch) + 1
-		actualEas, actualCgc, err := service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, slot, actualEas)
-		semiSupernodeCustody := numberOfCustodyGroups / 2 // 64
-		require.Equal(t, semiSupernodeCustody, actualCgc) // Semi-supernode custodies 64 groups
-
-		// Upgrade to full supernode
-		gFlags.SemiSupernode = false
-		gFlags.Supernode = true
-		flags.Init(gFlags)
-		defer flags.Init(resetFlags)
-
-		// Should upgrade to full supernode
-		upgradeSlot := slot + 2
-		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(upgradeSlot)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, upgradeSlot, actualEas)           // Earliest slot updates when upgrading
-		require.Equal(t, numberOfCustodyGroups, actualCgc) // Upgraded to 128
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Semi-supernode with high validator requirements uses higher custody", func(t *testing.T) {
-		service, requirements := minimalTestService(t)
-		err = requirements.db.SaveBlock(ctx, roBlock)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// Enable semi-supernode
-		resetFlags := flags.Get()
-		gFlags := new(flags.GlobalFlags)
-		gFlags.SemiSupernode = true
-		flags.Init(gFlags)
-		defer flags.Init(resetFlags)
-
-		// Mock a high custody requirement (simulating many validators)
-		// We need to override the custody requirement calculation
-		// For this test, we'll verify the logic by checking if custodyRequirement > 64
-		// Since custodyRequirement in minimalTestService is 4, we can't test the high case here
-		// This would require a different test setup with actual validators
-		slot := fuluForkEpoch*primitives.Slot(cfg.SlotsPerEpoch) + 1
-		actualEas, actualCgc, err := service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, slot, actualEas)
-		semiSupernodeCustody := numberOfCustodyGroups / 2 // 64
-		// With low validator requirements (4), should use semi-supernode minimum (64)
-		require.Equal(t, semiSupernodeCustody, actualCgc)
-	})
-}

beacon-chain/core/blocks/BUILD.bazel

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ go_library(
         "//beacon-chain/core/time:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/core/validators:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/state:go_default_library",
-        "//config/features:go_default_library",
         "//config/fieldparams:go_default_library",
         "//config/params:go_default_library",
         "//consensus-types:go_default_library",

beacon-chain/core/blocks/withdrawals.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/signing"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/features"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/interfaces"
@@ -213,12 +212,7 @@ func ProcessWithdrawals(st state.BeaconState, executionData interfaces.Execution
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not get next withdrawal validator index")
 		}
-		if features.Get().LowValcountSweep {
-			bound := min(uint64(st.NumValidators()), params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerWithdrawalsSweep)
-			nextValidatorIndex += primitives.ValidatorIndex(bound)
-		} else {
-			nextValidatorIndex += primitives.ValidatorIndex(params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerWithdrawalsSweep)
-		}
+		nextValidatorIndex += primitives.ValidatorIndex(params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerWithdrawalsSweep)
 		nextValidatorIndex = nextValidatorIndex % primitives.ValidatorIndex(st.NumValidators())
 	} else {
 		nextValidatorIndex = expectedWithdrawals[len(expectedWithdrawals)-1].ValidatorIndex + 1

beacon-chain/db/iface/interface.go

@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ type NoHeadAccessDatabase interface {
 	SaveBlocks(ctx context.Context, blocks []interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock) error
 	SaveROBlocks(ctx context.Context, blks []blocks.ROBlock, cache bool) error
 	SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx context.Context, blockRoot [32]byte) error
+	SlotByBlockRoot(context.Context, [32]byte) (primitives.Slot, error)
 	// State related methods.
 	SaveState(ctx context.Context, state state.ReadOnlyBeaconState, blockRoot [32]byte) error
 	SaveStates(ctx context.Context, states []state.ReadOnlyBeaconState, blockRoots [][32]byte) error
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ type NoHeadAccessDatabase interface {
 	DeleteStates(ctx context.Context, blockRoots [][32]byte) error
 	SaveStateSummary(ctx context.Context, summary *ethpb.StateSummary) error
 	SaveStateSummaries(ctx context.Context, summaries []*ethpb.StateSummary) error
+	SlotInDiffTree(primitives.Slot) (uint64, int, error)
 	// Checkpoint operations.
 	SaveJustifiedCheckpoint(ctx context.Context, checkpoint *ethpb.Checkpoint) error
 	SaveFinalizedCheckpoint(ctx context.Context, checkpoint *ethpb.Checkpoint) error

beacon-chain/db/kv/BUILD.bazel

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ go_library(
         "state_diff_helpers.go",
         "state_summary.go",
         "state_summary_cache.go",
+        "testing_helpers.go",
         "utils.go",
         "validated_checkpoint.go",
         "wss.go",

beacon-chain/db/kv/state_diff.go

@@ -23,6 +23,16 @@ const (
 	The data at level 0 is saved every 2**exponent[0] slots and always contains a full state snapshot that is used as a base for the delta saved at other levels.
 */
 
+// SlotInDiffTree returns whether the given slot is a saving point in the diff tree.
+// It it is, it also returns the offset and level in the tree.
+func (s *Store) SlotInDiffTree(slot primitives.Slot) (uint64, int, error) {
+	offset := s.getOffset()
+	if uint64(slot) < offset {
+		return 0, -1, ErrSlotBeforeOffset
+	}
+	return offset, computeLevel(offset, slot), nil
+}
+
 // saveStateByDiff takes a state and decides between saving a full state snapshot or a diff.
 func (s *Store) saveStateByDiff(ctx context.Context, st state.ReadOnlyBeaconState) error {
 	_, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "BeaconDB.saveStateByDiff")
@@ -33,13 +43,10 @@ func (s *Store) saveStateByDiff(ctx context.Context, st state.ReadOnlyBeaconStat
 	}
 
 	slot := st.Slot()
-	offset := s.getOffset()
-	if uint64(slot) < offset {
-		return ErrSlotBeforeOffset
+	offset, lvl, err := s.SlotInDiffTree(slot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not determine if slot is in diff tree")
 	}
-
-	// Find the level to save the state.
-	lvl := computeLevel(offset, slot)
 	if lvl == -1 {
 		return nil
 	}

beacon-chain/db/kv/testing_helpers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package kv
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"testing"
+
+	"go.etcd.io/bbolt"
+)
+
+// InitStateDiffCacheForTesting initializes the state diff cache with the given offset.
+// This is intended for testing purposes when setting up state diff after database creation.
+// This file is only compiled when the "testing" build tag is set.
+func (s *Store) InitStateDiffCacheForTesting(t testing.TB, offset uint64) error {
+	// First, set the offset in the database.
+	err := s.db.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+		bucket := tx.Bucket(stateDiffBucket)
+		if bucket == nil {
+			return bbolt.ErrBucketNotFound
+		}
+
+		offsetBytes := make([]byte, 8)
+		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(offsetBytes, offset)
+		return bucket.Put([]byte("offset"), offsetBytes)
+	})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Then create the state diff cache.
+	sdCache, err := newStateDiffCache(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s.stateDiffCache = sdCache
+	return nil
+}

beacon-chain/state/stategen/BUILD.bazel

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ go_library(
         "//beacon-chain/state:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/sync/backfill/coverage:go_default_library",
         "//cache/lru:go_default_library",
+        "//config/features:go_default_library",
         "//config/params:go_default_library",
         "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
         "//consensus-types/interfaces:go_default_library",
@@ -68,11 +69,14 @@ go_test(
         "//beacon-chain/core/helpers:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/core/transition:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/db:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/db/kv:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/db/testing:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/state:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/state/state-native:go_default_library",
         "//beacon-chain/state/testing:go_default_library",
+        "//cmd/beacon-chain/flags:go_default_library",
+        "//config/features:go_default_library",
         "//config/params:go_default_library",
         "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
         "//consensus-types/blocks/testing:go_default_library",

beacon-chain/state/stategen/migrate.go

@@ -5,10 +5,13 @@ import (
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
 
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/transition"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/state"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/features"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/primitives"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/encoding/bytesutil"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/monitoring/tracing/trace"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
@@ -25,6 +28,10 @@ func (s *State) MigrateToCold(ctx context.Context, fRoot [32]byte) error {
 	s.migrationLock.Lock()
 	defer s.migrationLock.Unlock()
 
+	if features.Get().EnableStateDiff {
+		return s.migrateToColdHdiff(ctx, fRoot)
+	}
+
 	s.finalizedInfo.lock.RLock()
 	oldFSlot := s.finalizedInfo.slot
 	s.finalizedInfo.lock.RUnlock()
@@ -90,21 +97,8 @@ func (s *State) MigrateToCold(ctx context.Context, fRoot [32]byte) error {
 				}
 			}
 		}
-
 		if s.beaconDB.HasState(ctx, aRoot) {
-			// If you are migrating a state and its already part of the hot state cache saved to the db,
-			// you can just remove it from the hot state cache as it becomes redundant.
-			s.saveHotStateDB.lock.Lock()
-			roots := s.saveHotStateDB.blockRootsOfSavedStates
-			for i := range roots {
-				if aRoot == roots[i] {
-					s.saveHotStateDB.blockRootsOfSavedStates = append(roots[:i], roots[i+1:]...)
-					// There shouldn't be duplicated roots in `blockRootsOfSavedStates`.
-					// Break here is ok.
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			s.saveHotStateDB.lock.Unlock()
+			s.migrateHotToCold(aRoot)
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -129,3 +123,103 @@ func (s *State) MigrateToCold(ctx context.Context, fRoot [32]byte) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+// migrateToColdHdiff saves the state-diffs for slots that are in the state diff tree after finalization
+func (s *State) migrateToColdHdiff(ctx context.Context, fRoot [32]byte) error {
+	s.finalizedInfo.lock.RLock()
+	oldFSlot := s.finalizedInfo.slot
+	s.finalizedInfo.lock.RUnlock()
+	fSlot, err := s.beaconDB.SlotByBlockRoot(ctx, fRoot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get slot by block root")
+	}
+	for slot := oldFSlot; slot < fSlot; slot++ {
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+		_, lvl, err := s.beaconDB.SlotInDiffTree(slot)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Errorf("could not determine if slot %d is in diff tree", slot)
+			continue
+		}
+		if lvl == -1 {
+			continue
+		}
+		// The state needs to be saved.
+		// Try the epoch boundary cache first.
+		cached, exists, err := s.epochBoundaryStateCache.getBySlot(slot)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Errorf("could not get epoch boundary state for slot %d", slot)
+			cached = nil
+			exists = false
+		}
+		var aRoot [32]byte
+		var aState state.BeaconState
+		if exists {
+			aRoot = cached.root
+			aState = cached.state
+		} else {
+			_, roots, err := s.beaconDB.HighestRootsBelowSlot(ctx, slot)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			// Given the block has been finalized, the db should not have more than one block in a given slot.
+			// We should error out when this happens.
+			if len(roots) != 1 {
+				return errUnknownBlock
+			}
+			aRoot = roots[0]
+			// Different than the legacy MigrateToCold, we need to always get the state even if
+			// the state exists in DB as part of the hot state db, because we need to process slots
+			// to the state diff tree slots.
+			aState, err = s.StateByRoot(ctx, aRoot)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		if s.beaconDB.HasState(ctx, aRoot) {
+			s.migrateHotToCold(aRoot)
+			continue
+		}
+		// advance slots to the target slot
+		if aState.Slot() < slot {
+			aState, err = transition.ProcessSlots(ctx, aState, slot)
+			if err != nil {
+				return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not process slots to slot %d", slot)
+			}
+		}
+		if err := s.beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, aState, aRoot); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		log.WithFields(
+			logrus.Fields{
+				"slot": aState.Slot(),
+				"root": fmt.Sprintf("%#x", aRoot),
+			}).Info("Saved state in DB")
+	}
+	// Update finalized info in memory.
+	fInfo, ok, err := s.epochBoundaryStateCache.getByBlockRoot(fRoot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if ok {
+		s.SaveFinalizedState(fSlot, fRoot, fInfo.state)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *State) migrateHotToCold(aRoot [32]byte) {
+	// If you are migrating a state and its already part of the hot state cache saved to the db,
+	// you can just remove it from the hot state cache as it becomes redundant.
+	s.saveHotStateDB.lock.Lock()
+	roots := s.saveHotStateDB.blockRootsOfSavedStates
+	for i := range roots {
+		if aRoot == roots[i] {
+			s.saveHotStateDB.blockRootsOfSavedStates = append(roots[:i], roots[i+1:]...)
+			// There shouldn't be duplicated roots in `blockRootsOfSavedStates`.
+			// Break here is ok.
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	s.saveHotStateDB.lock.Unlock()
+}

beacon-chain/state/stategen/migrate_test.go

@@ -4,8 +4,11 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/db/kv"
 	testDB "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/db/testing"
 	doublylinkedtree "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/cmd/beacon-chain/flags"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/features"
 	consensusblocks "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/primitives"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
@@ -224,3 +227,170 @@ func TestMigrateToCold_ParallelCalls(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.DeepEqual(t, [][32]byte{r7}, service.saveHotStateDB.blockRootsOfSavedStates, "Did not remove all saved hot state roots")
 	require.LogsContain(t, hook, "Saved state in DB")
 }
+
+// =========================================================================
+// Tests for migrateToColdHdiff (state diff migration)
+// =========================================================================
+
+// setStateDiffExponents sets state diff exponents for testing.
+// Uses exponents [6, 5] which means:
+// - Level 0: Every 2^6 = 64 slots (full snapshot)
+// - Level 1: Every 2^5 = 32 slots (diff)
+func setStateDiffExponents() {
+	globalFlags := flags.GlobalFlags{
+		StateDiffExponents: []int{6, 5},
+	}
+	flags.Init(&globalFlags)
+}
+
+// TestMigrateToColdHdiff_CanUpdateFinalizedInfo verifies that the migration
+// correctly updates finalized info when migrating to slots not in the diff tree.
+func TestMigrateToColdHdiff_CanUpdateFinalizedInfo(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	// Set exponents and create DB first (without EnableStateDiff flag).
+	setStateDiffExponents()
+	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+	// Initialize the state diff cache via the method on *kv.Store (not in interface).
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.(*kv.Store).InitStateDiffCacheForTesting(t, 0))
+	// Now enable the feature flag.
+	resetCfg := features.InitWithReset(&features.Flags{EnableStateDiff: true})
+	defer resetCfg()
+	service := New(beaconDB, doublylinkedtree.New())
+
+	beaconState, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 32)
+	genesisStateRoot, err := beaconState.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	genesis := blocks.NewGenesisBlock(genesisStateRoot[:])
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, genesis)
+	gRoot, err := genesis.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, gRoot))
+
+	// Put genesis state in epoch boundary cache so migrateToColdHdiff doesn't need to retrieve from DB.
+	require.NoError(t, service.epochBoundaryStateCache.put(gRoot, beaconState))
+
+	// Set initial finalized info at genesis.
+	service.finalizedInfo = &finalizedInfo{
+		slot:  0,
+		root:  gRoot,
+		state: beaconState,
+	}
+
+	// Create finalized block at slot 10 (not in diff tree, so no intermediate states saved).
+	finalizedState := beaconState.Copy()
+	require.NoError(t, finalizedState.SetSlot(10))
+	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+	b.Block.Slot = 10
+	fRoot, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, b)
+	require.NoError(t, service.epochBoundaryStateCache.put(fRoot, finalizedState))
+
+	require.NoError(t, service.MigrateToCold(ctx, fRoot))
+
+	// Verify finalized info is updated.
+	assert.Equal(t, primitives.Slot(10), service.finalizedInfo.slot)
+	assert.DeepEqual(t, fRoot, service.finalizedInfo.root)
+	expectedHTR, err := finalizedState.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	actualHTR, err := service.finalizedInfo.state.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.DeepEqual(t, expectedHTR, actualHTR)
+}
+
+// TestMigrateToColdHdiff_SkipsSlotsNotInDiffTree verifies that the migration
+// skips slots that are not in the diff tree.
+func TestMigrateToColdHdiff_SkipsSlotsNotInDiffTree(t *testing.T) {
+	hook := logTest.NewGlobal()
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	// Set exponents and create DB first (without EnableStateDiff flag).
+	setStateDiffExponents()
+	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+	// Initialize the state diff cache via the method on *kv.Store (not in interface).
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.(*kv.Store).InitStateDiffCacheForTesting(t, 0))
+	// Now enable the feature flag.
+	resetCfg := features.InitWithReset(&features.Flags{EnableStateDiff: true})
+	defer resetCfg()
+	service := New(beaconDB, doublylinkedtree.New())
+
+	beaconState, pks := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 32)
+	genesisStateRoot, err := beaconState.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	genesis := blocks.NewGenesisBlock(genesisStateRoot[:])
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, genesis)
+	gRoot, err := genesis.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, gRoot))
+
+	// Start from slot 1 to avoid slot 0 which is in the diff tree.
+	service.finalizedInfo = &finalizedInfo{
+		slot:  1,
+		root:  gRoot,
+		state: beaconState,
+	}
+
+	// Reset the log hook to ignore setup logs.
+	hook.Reset()
+
+	// Create a block at slot 20 (NOT in diff tree with exponents [6,5]).
+	b20, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(beaconState, pks, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), 20)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	r20, err := b20.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, b20)
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(ctx, &ethpb.StateSummary{Slot: 20, Root: r20[:]}))
+
+	// Put finalized state in cache.
+	finalizedState := beaconState.Copy()
+	require.NoError(t, finalizedState.SetSlot(20))
+	require.NoError(t, service.epochBoundaryStateCache.put(r20, finalizedState))
+
+	require.NoError(t, service.MigrateToCold(ctx, r20))
+
+	// Verify NO states were saved during migration (slots 1-19 are not in diff tree).
+	assert.LogsDoNotContain(t, hook, "Saved state in DB")
+}
+
+// TestMigrateToColdHdiff_NoOpWhenFinalizedSlotNotAdvanced verifies that
+// migration is a no-op when the finalized slot has not advanced.
+func TestMigrateToColdHdiff_NoOpWhenFinalizedSlotNotAdvanced(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	// Set exponents and create DB first (without EnableStateDiff flag).
+	setStateDiffExponents()
+	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
+	// Initialize the state diff cache via the method on *kv.Store (not in interface).
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.(*kv.Store).InitStateDiffCacheForTesting(t, 0))
+	// Now enable the feature flag.
+	resetCfg := features.InitWithReset(&features.Flags{EnableStateDiff: true})
+	defer resetCfg()
+	service := New(beaconDB, doublylinkedtree.New())
+
+	beaconState, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 32)
+	genesisStateRoot, err := beaconState.HashTreeRoot(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	genesis := blocks.NewGenesisBlock(genesisStateRoot[:])
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, genesis)
+	gRoot, err := genesis.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, gRoot))
+
+	// Set finalized info already at slot 50.
+	finalizedState := beaconState.Copy()
+	require.NoError(t, finalizedState.SetSlot(50))
+	service.finalizedInfo = &finalizedInfo{
+		slot:  50,
+		root:  gRoot,
+		state: finalizedState,
+	}
+
+	// Create block at same slot 50.
+	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+	b.Block.Slot = 50
+	fRoot, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, b)
+	require.NoError(t, service.epochBoundaryStateCache.put(fRoot, finalizedState))
+
+	// Migration should be a no-op (finalized slot not advancing).
+	require.NoError(t, service.MigrateToCold(ctx, fRoot))
+}

beacon-chain/state/stateutil/trie_helpers.go

@@ -238,14 +238,9 @@ func recomputeRootFromLayerVariable(idx int, item [32]byte, layers [][]*[32]byte
 // AddInMixin describes a method from which a length mixin is added to the
 // provided root.
 func AddInMixin(root [32]byte, length uint64) ([32]byte, error) {
-	rootBuf := new(bytes.Buffer)
-	if err := binary.Write(rootBuf, binary.LittleEndian, length); err != nil {
-		return [32]byte{}, errors.Wrap(err, "could not marshal eth1data votes length")
-	}
-	// We need to mix in the length of the slice.
-	rootBufRoot := make([]byte, 32)
-	copy(rootBufRoot, rootBuf.Bytes())
-	return ssz.MixInLength(root, rootBufRoot), nil
+	var rootBufRoot [32]byte
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(rootBufRoot[:], length)
+	return ssz.MixInLength(root, rootBufRoot[:]), nil
 }
 
 // Merkleize 32-byte leaves into a Merkle trie for its adequate depth, returning

beacon-chain/sync/custody.go

@@ -10,20 +10,72 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/p2p"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/cmd/beacon-chain/flags"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/time/slots"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 var nilFinalizedStateError = errors.New("finalized state is nil")
 
-func (s *Service) maintainCustodyInfo() {
+func (s *Service) maintainCustodyInfo() error {
+	// Rationale of slot choice:
+	// - If syncing with an empty DB from genesis, then justifiedSlot = finalizedSlot = 0,
+	//   and the node starts to sync from slot 0 ==> Using justifiedSlot is correct.
+	// - If syncing with an empty DB from a checkpoint, then justifiedSlot = finalizedSlot = checkpointSlot,
+	//   and the node starts to sync from checkpointSlot ==> Using justifiedSlot is correct.
+	// - If syncing with a non-empty DB, then justifiedSlot > finalizedSlot,
+	//   and the node starts to sync from justifiedSlot + 1 ==> Using justifiedSlot + 1 is correct.
 	const interval = 1 * time.Minute
 
+	finalizedCheckpoint, err := s.cfg.beaconDB.FinalizedCheckpoint(s.ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "finalized checkpoint")
+	}
+
+	if finalizedCheckpoint == nil {
+		return errors.New("finalized checkpoint is nil")
+	}
+
+	finalizedSlot, err := slots.EpochStart(finalizedCheckpoint.Epoch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "epoch start for finalized slot")
+	}
+
+	justifiedCheckpoint, err := s.cfg.beaconDB.JustifiedCheckpoint(s.ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "justified checkpoint")
+	}
+
+	if justifiedCheckpoint == nil {
+		return errors.New("justified checkpoint is nil")
+	}
+
+	justifiedSlot, err := slots.EpochStart(justifiedCheckpoint.Epoch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "epoch start for justified slot")
+	}
+
+	slot := justifiedSlot
+	if justifiedSlot > finalizedSlot {
+		slot++
+	}
+
+	earliestAvailableSlot, custodySubnetCount, err := s.updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get and save custody group count")
+	}
+
+	if _, _, err := s.cfg.p2p.UpdateCustodyInfo(earliestAvailableSlot, custodySubnetCount); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "update custody info")
+	}
+
 	async.RunEvery(s.ctx, interval, func() {
 		if err := s.updateCustodyInfoIfNeeded(); err != nil {
 			log.WithError(err).Error("Failed to update custody info")
 		}
 	})
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (s *Service) updateCustodyInfoIfNeeded() error {

beacon-chain/sync/rpc_status_test.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	mock "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/blockchain/testing"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/transition"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/db/kv"
+	dbTest "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/db/testing"
 	testingDB "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/db/testing"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/p2p"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/p2p/peers"
@@ -934,6 +935,7 @@ func TestStatusRPCRequest_BadPeerHandshake(t *testing.T) {
 	r := &Service{
 		cfg: &config{
 			p2p:           p1,
+			beaconDB:      dbTest.SetupDB(t),
 			chain:         chain,
 			stateNotifier: chain.StateNotifier(),
 			initialSync:   &mockSync.Sync{IsSyncing: false},

beacon-chain/sync/service.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	blockfeed "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/feed/block"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/feed/operation"
 	statefeed "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/core/peerdas"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/db"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/db/filesystem"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/execution"
@@ -33,9 +34,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/sync/backfill/coverage"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/verification"
 	lruwrpr "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/cache/lru"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/cmd/beacon-chain/flags"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/primitives"
 	leakybucket "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/container/leaky-bucket"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/crypto/rand"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/runtime"
@@ -275,11 +278,6 @@ func (s *Service) Start() {
 
 	s.processPendingBlocksQueue()
 	s.maintainPeerStatuses()
-
-	if params.FuluEnabled() {
-		s.maintainCustodyInfo()
-	}
-
 	s.resyncIfBehind()
 
 	// Update sync metrics.
@@ -287,6 +285,15 @@ func (s *Service) Start() {
 
 	// Prune data column cache periodically on finalization.
 	async.RunEvery(s.ctx, 30*time.Second, s.pruneDataColumnCache)
+
+	if !params.FuluEnabled() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := s.maintainCustodyInfo(); err != nil {
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Failed to maintain custody info")
+	}
+
 }
 
 // Stop the regular sync service.
@@ -452,6 +459,89 @@ func (s *Service) waitForInitialSync(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 }
 
+// UpdateCustodyInfoInDB updates the custody information in the database.
+// It returns the (potentially updated) custody group count and the earliest available slot.
+func (s *Service) updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot primitives.Slot) (primitives.Slot, uint64, error) {
+	isSupernode := flags.Get().Supernode
+	isSemiSupernode := flags.Get().SemiSupernode
+
+	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
+	custodyRequirement := cfg.CustodyRequirement
+
+	// Check if the node was previously subscribed to all data subnets, and if so,
+	// store the new status accordingly.
+	wasSupernode, err := s.cfg.beaconDB.UpdateSubscribedToAllDataSubnets(s.ctx, isSupernode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, errors.Wrap(err, "update subscribed to all data subnets")
+	}
+
+	// Compute the target custody group count based on current flag configuration.
+	targetCustodyGroupCount := custodyRequirement
+
+	// Supernode: custody all groups (either currently set or previously enabled)
+	if isSupernode {
+		targetCustodyGroupCount = cfg.NumberOfCustodyGroups
+	}
+
+	// Semi-supernode: custody minimum needed for reconstruction, or custody requirement if higher
+	if isSemiSupernode {
+		semiSupernodeCustody, err := peerdas.MinimumCustodyGroupCountToReconstruct()
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, 0, errors.Wrap(err, "minimum custody group count")
+		}
+
+		targetCustodyGroupCount = max(custodyRequirement, semiSupernodeCustody)
+	}
+
+	// Safely compute the fulu fork slot.
+	fuluForkSlot, err := fuluForkSlot()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, errors.Wrap(err, "fulu fork slot")
+	}
+
+	// If slot is before the fulu fork slot, then use the earliest stored slot as the reference slot.
+	if slot < fuluForkSlot {
+		slot, err = s.cfg.beaconDB.EarliestSlot(s.ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, 0, errors.Wrap(err, "earliest slot")
+		}
+	}
+
+	earliestAvailableSlot, actualCustodyGroupCount, err := s.cfg.beaconDB.UpdateCustodyInfo(s.ctx, slot, targetCustodyGroupCount)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, errors.Wrap(err, "update custody info")
+	}
+
+	if isSupernode {
+		log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+			"current": actualCustodyGroupCount,
+			"target":  cfg.NumberOfCustodyGroups,
+		}).Info("Supernode mode enabled. Will custody all data columns going forward.")
+	}
+
+	if wasSupernode && !isSupernode {
+		log.Warningf("Because the `--%s` flag was previously used, the node will continue to act as a super node.", flags.Supernode.Name)
+	}
+
+	return earliestAvailableSlot, actualCustodyGroupCount, nil
+}
+
+func fuluForkSlot() (primitives.Slot, error) {
+	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
+
+	fuluForkEpoch := cfg.FuluForkEpoch
+	if fuluForkEpoch == cfg.FarFutureEpoch {
+		return cfg.FarFutureSlot, nil
+	}
+
+	forkFuluSlot, err := slots.EpochStart(fuluForkEpoch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, errors.Wrap(err, "epoch start")
+	}
+
+	return forkFuluSlot, nil
+}
+
 // Checker defines a struct which can verify whether a node is currently
 // synchronizing a chain with the rest of peers in the network.
 type Checker interface {

beacon-chain/sync/service_test.go

@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/startup"
 	state_native "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/state/state-native"
 	mockSync "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/sync/initial-sync/testing"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/cmd/beacon-chain/flags"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/primitives"
 	leakybucket "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/container/leaky-bucket"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/crypto/bls"
@@ -440,3 +443,224 @@ func TestService_Stop_ConcurrentGoodbyeMessages(t *testing.T) {
 
 	require.Equal(t, false, util.WaitTimeout(&wg, 2*time.Second))
 }
+
+func TestUpdateCustodyInfoInDB(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		fuluForkEpoch         = 10
+		custodyRequirement    = uint64(4)
+		earliestStoredSlot    = primitives.Slot(12)
+		numberOfCustodyGroups = uint64(64)
+	)
+
+	params.SetupTestConfigCleanup(t)
+	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
+	cfg.FuluForkEpoch = fuluForkEpoch
+	cfg.CustodyRequirement = custodyRequirement
+	cfg.NumberOfCustodyGroups = numberOfCustodyGroups
+	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(cfg)
+
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	pbBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
+	pbBlock.Block.Slot = 12
+	signedBeaconBlock, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(pbBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	roBlock, err := blocks.NewROBlock(signedBeaconBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	t.Run("CGC increases before fulu", func(t *testing.T) {
+		beaconDB := dbTest.SetupDB(t)
+		service := Service{cfg: &config{beaconDB: beaconDB}}
+		err = beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, roBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Before Fulu
+		// -----------
+		actualEas, actualCgc, err := service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(15)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, earliestStoredSlot, actualEas)
+		require.Equal(t, custodyRequirement, actualCgc)
+
+		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(17)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, earliestStoredSlot, actualEas)
+		require.Equal(t, custodyRequirement, actualCgc)
+
+		resetFlags := flags.Get()
+		gFlags := new(flags.GlobalFlags)
+		gFlags.Supernode = true
+		flags.Init(gFlags)
+		defer flags.Init(resetFlags)
+
+		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(19)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, earliestStoredSlot, actualEas)
+		require.Equal(t, numberOfCustodyGroups, actualCgc)
+
+		// After Fulu
+		// ----------
+		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(fuluForkEpoch*primitives.Slot(cfg.SlotsPerEpoch) + 1)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, earliestStoredSlot, actualEas)
+		require.Equal(t, numberOfCustodyGroups, actualCgc)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("CGC increases after fulu", func(t *testing.T) {
+		beaconDB := dbTest.SetupDB(t)
+		service := Service{cfg: &config{beaconDB: beaconDB}}
+		err = beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, roBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Before Fulu
+		// -----------
+		actualEas, actualCgc, err := service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(15)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, earliestStoredSlot, actualEas)
+		require.Equal(t, custodyRequirement, actualCgc)
+
+		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(17)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, earliestStoredSlot, actualEas)
+		require.Equal(t, custodyRequirement, actualCgc)
+
+		// After Fulu
+		// ----------
+		resetFlags := flags.Get()
+		gFlags := new(flags.GlobalFlags)
+		gFlags.Supernode = true
+		flags.Init(gFlags)
+		defer flags.Init(resetFlags)
+
+		slot := fuluForkEpoch*primitives.Slot(cfg.SlotsPerEpoch) + 1
+		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, slot, actualEas)
+		require.Equal(t, numberOfCustodyGroups, actualCgc)
+
+		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot + 2)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, slot, actualEas)
+		require.Equal(t, numberOfCustodyGroups, actualCgc)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Supernode downgrade prevented", func(t *testing.T) {
+		beaconDB := dbTest.SetupDB(t)
+		service := Service{cfg: &config{beaconDB: beaconDB}}
+		err = beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, roBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Enable supernode
+		resetFlags := flags.Get()
+		gFlags := new(flags.GlobalFlags)
+		gFlags.Supernode = true
+		flags.Init(gFlags)
+
+		slot := fuluForkEpoch*primitives.Slot(cfg.SlotsPerEpoch) + 1
+		actualEas, actualCgc, err := service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, slot, actualEas)
+		require.Equal(t, numberOfCustodyGroups, actualCgc)
+
+		// Try to downgrade by removing flag
+		gFlags.Supernode = false
+		flags.Init(gFlags)
+		defer flags.Init(resetFlags)
+
+		// Should still be supernode
+		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot + 2)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, slot, actualEas)
+		require.Equal(t, numberOfCustodyGroups, actualCgc) // Still 64, not downgraded
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Semi-supernode downgrade prevented", func(t *testing.T) {
+		beaconDB := dbTest.SetupDB(t)
+		service := Service{cfg: &config{beaconDB: beaconDB}}
+		err = beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, roBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Enable semi-supernode
+		resetFlags := flags.Get()
+		gFlags := new(flags.GlobalFlags)
+		gFlags.SemiSupernode = true
+		flags.Init(gFlags)
+
+		slot := fuluForkEpoch*primitives.Slot(cfg.SlotsPerEpoch) + 1
+		actualEas, actualCgc, err := service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, slot, actualEas)
+		semiSupernodeCustody := numberOfCustodyGroups / 2 // 64
+		require.Equal(t, semiSupernodeCustody, actualCgc) // Semi-supernode custodies 64 groups
+
+		// Try to downgrade by removing flag
+		gFlags.SemiSupernode = false
+		flags.Init(gFlags)
+		defer flags.Init(resetFlags)
+
+		// UpdateCustodyInfo should prevent downgrade - custody count should remain at 64
+		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot + 2)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, slot, actualEas)
+		require.Equal(t, semiSupernodeCustody, actualCgc) // Still 64 due to downgrade prevention by UpdateCustodyInfo
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Semi-supernode to supernode upgrade allowed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		beaconDB := dbTest.SetupDB(t)
+		service := Service{cfg: &config{beaconDB: beaconDB}}
+		err = beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, roBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Start with semi-supernode
+		resetFlags := flags.Get()
+		gFlags := new(flags.GlobalFlags)
+		gFlags.SemiSupernode = true
+		flags.Init(gFlags)
+
+		slot := fuluForkEpoch*primitives.Slot(cfg.SlotsPerEpoch) + 1
+		actualEas, actualCgc, err := service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, slot, actualEas)
+		semiSupernodeCustody := numberOfCustodyGroups / 2 // 64
+		require.Equal(t, semiSupernodeCustody, actualCgc) // Semi-supernode custodies 64 groups
+
+		// Upgrade to full supernode
+		gFlags.SemiSupernode = false
+		gFlags.Supernode = true
+		flags.Init(gFlags)
+		defer flags.Init(resetFlags)
+
+		// Should upgrade to full supernode
+		upgradeSlot := slot + 2
+		actualEas, actualCgc, err = service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(upgradeSlot)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, upgradeSlot, actualEas)           // Earliest slot updates when upgrading
+		require.Equal(t, numberOfCustodyGroups, actualCgc) // Upgraded to 128
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Semi-supernode with high validator requirements uses higher custody", func(t *testing.T) {
+		beaconDB := dbTest.SetupDB(t)
+		service := Service{cfg: &config{beaconDB: beaconDB}}
+		err = beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, roBlock)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Enable semi-supernode
+		resetFlags := flags.Get()
+		gFlags := new(flags.GlobalFlags)
+		gFlags.SemiSupernode = true
+		flags.Init(gFlags)
+		defer flags.Init(resetFlags)
+
+		// Mock a high custody requirement (simulating many validators)
+		// We need to override the custody requirement calculation
+		// For this test, we'll verify the logic by checking if custodyRequirement > 64
+		// Since custodyRequirement in minimalTestService is 4, we can't test the high case here
+		// This would require a different test setup with actual validators
+		slot := fuluForkEpoch*primitives.Slot(cfg.SlotsPerEpoch) + 1
+		actualEas, actualCgc, err := service.updateCustodyInfoInDB(slot)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, slot, actualEas)
+		semiSupernodeCustody := numberOfCustodyGroups / 2 // 64
+		// With low validator requirements (4), should use semi-supernode minimum (64)
+		require.Equal(t, semiSupernodeCustody, actualCgc)
+	})
+}

changelog/james-prysm_fulu-e2e.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+### Added
+
+- Adding basic fulu fork transition support for mainnet and minimal e2e tests (multi scenario is not included)
+
+### Changed
+
+- updated go ethereum to 1.16.7
+
+### Removed
+
+- removed github.com/MariusVanDerWijden/FuzzyVM and github.com/MariusVanDerWijden/tx-fuzz due to lack of support post 1.16.7, only used in e2e for transaction fuzzing

changelog/manu-eas.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+### Fixed
+
+- When adding the `--[semi-]supernode` flag, update the ealiest available slot accordingly.

changelog/potuz_hdiff_migrate_to_cold.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+### Added
+
+- Migrate to cold with the hdiff feature. 

changelog/potuz_update_spectests_2.md

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+### Added
+- Update spectests to v1.7.0-alpha-1.

changelog/potuz_use_hashtree.md

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+### Added
+- Add feature flag to use hashtree instead of gohashtre.

changelog/satushh-alloc.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+### Changed
+
+- Avoid unnessary heap allocation while calling MixInLength

config/features/config.go

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ type Flags struct {
 	DisableStakinContractCheck bool // Disables check for deposit contract when proposing blocks
 	IgnoreUnviableAttestations bool // Ignore attestations whose target state is not viable (avoids lagging-node DoS).
 
+	EnableHashtree               bool // Enables usage of the hashtree library for hashing
 	EnableVerboseSigVerification bool // EnableVerboseSigVerification specifies whether to verify individual signature if batch verification fails
 	EnableProposerPreprocessing  bool // EnableProposerPreprocessing enables proposer pre-processing of blocks before proposing.
 
@@ -81,7 +82,6 @@ type Flags struct {
 	SaveInvalidBlob  bool // SaveInvalidBlob saves invalid blob to temp.
 
 	EnableDiscoveryReboot bool // EnableDiscoveryReboot allows the node to have its local listener to be rebooted in the event of discovery issues.
-	LowValcountSweep      bool // LowValcountSweep bounds withdrawal sweep by validator count.
 
 	// KeystoreImportDebounceInterval specifies the time duration the validator waits to reload new keys if they have
 	// changed on disk. This feature is for advanced use cases only.
@@ -238,6 +238,10 @@ func ConfigureBeaconChain(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		logEnabled(enableFullSSZDataLogging)
 		cfg.EnableFullSSZDataLogging = true
 	}
+	if ctx.IsSet(enableHashtree.Name) {
+		logEnabled(enableHashtree)
+		cfg.EnableHashtree = true
+	}
 	cfg.EnableVerboseSigVerification = true
 	if ctx.IsSet(disableVerboseSigVerification.Name) {
 		logEnabled(disableVerboseSigVerification)
@@ -290,11 +294,6 @@ func ConfigureBeaconChain(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		logEnabled(ignoreUnviableAttestations)
 		cfg.IgnoreUnviableAttestations = true
 	}
-	if ctx.Bool(lowValcountSweep.Name) {
-		logEnabled(lowValcountSweep)
-		cfg.LowValcountSweep = true
-	}
-
 	if ctx.IsSet(EnableStateDiff.Name) {
 		logEnabled(EnableStateDiff)
 		cfg.EnableStateDiff = true

config/features/flags.go

@@ -133,6 +133,10 @@ var (
 		Name:  "enable-beacon-rest-api",
 		Usage: "(Experimental): Enables of the beacon REST API when querying a beacon node.",
 	}
+	enableHashtree = &cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "enable-hashtree",
+		Usage: "(Experimental): Enables the hashtree hashing library.",
+	}
 	disableVerboseSigVerification = &cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:  "disable-verbose-sig-verification",
 		Usage: "Disables identifying invalid signatures if batch verification fails when processing block.",
@@ -216,13 +220,6 @@ var (
 		Name:  "ignore-unviable-attestations",
 		Usage: "Ignores attestations whose target state is not viable with respect to the current head (avoid expensive state replay from lagging attesters).",
 	}
-	// lowValcountSweep bounds withdrawal sweep by validator count.
-	lowValcountSweep = &cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:   "low-valcount-sweep",
-		Usage:  "Uses validator count bound for withdrawal sweep when validator count is less than MaxValidatorsPerWithdrawalsSweep.",
-		Value:  false,
-		Hidden: true,
-	}
 )
 
 // devModeFlags holds list of flags that are set when development mode is on.
@@ -285,7 +282,7 @@ var BeaconChainFlags = combinedFlags([]cli.Flag{
 	enableExperimentalAttestationPool,
 	forceHeadFlag,
 	blacklistRoots,
-	lowValcountSweep,
+	enableHashtree,
 }, deprecatedBeaconFlags, deprecatedFlags, upcomingDeprecation)
 
 func combinedFlags(flags ...[]cli.Flag) []cli.Flag {

config/params/BUILD.bazel

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ go_library(
         "testutils_develop.go",  # keep
         "values.go",
     ],
+    embedsrcs = ["testdata/e2e_config.yaml"],
     importpath = "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params",
     visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
     deps = [

config/params/testdata/e2e_config.yaml

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ ELECTRA_FORK_VERSION: 0x050000fd
 ELECTRA_FORK_EPOCH: 14
 # Fulu
 FULU_FORK_VERSION: 0x060000fd
-FULU_FORK_EPOCH: 18446744073709551615
+FULU_FORK_EPOCH: 16
 
 
 # Time parameters
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ SLOT_DURATION_MS: 10000
 SECONDS_PER_ETH1_BLOCK: 2 # Override for e2e tests
 # [customized] faster time for withdrawals
 MIN_VALIDATOR_WITHDRAWABILITY_DELAY: 1
+# [customized] increased for e2e testing (minimal default is 16)
+MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_WITHDRAWALS_SWEEP: 128
 # [customized] higher frequency of committee turnover and faster time to acceptable voluntary exit
 SHARD_COMMITTEE_PERIOD: 4 # Override for e2e tests
 # [customized] process deposits more quickly, but insecure
@@ -122,7 +124,7 @@ MIN_SYNC_COMMITTEE_PARTICIPANTS: 1
 # Other e2e overrides
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------
 CONFIG_NAME: "end-to-end"
-SLOTS_PER_EPOCH: 6
+SLOTS_PER_EPOCH: 8
 EPOCHS_PER_ETH1_VOTING_PERIOD: 2
 MAX_SEED_LOOKAHEAD: 1
 
@@ -136,3 +138,8 @@ BLOB_SCHEDULE:
   # Electra
   - EPOCH: 14
     MAX_BLOBS_PER_BLOCK: 9
+  # BPO (Blob Parameter Optimization) schedule for Fulu
+  - EPOCH: 17
+    MAX_BLOBS_PER_BLOCK: 15
+  - EPOCH: 18
+    MAX_BLOBS_PER_BLOCK: 21

config/params/testnet_e2e_config.go

@@ -1,72 +1,30 @@
 package params
 
-import "math"
+import (
+	_ "embed"
+	"sync"
+)
 
-const (
-	AltairE2EForkEpoch    = 6
-	BellatrixE2EForkEpoch = 8
-	CapellaE2EForkEpoch   = 10
-	DenebE2EForkEpoch     = 12
-	ElectraE2EForkEpoch   = 14
-	FuluE2EForkEpoch      = math.MaxUint64
+//go:embed testdata/e2e_config.yaml
+var e2eConfigYAML []byte
+
+var (
+	e2eConfigOnce sync.Once
+	e2eConfig     *BeaconChainConfig
 )
 
 // E2ETestConfig retrieves the configurations made specifically for E2E testing.
+// The config is loaded from testdata/e2e_config.yaml and cached.
 //
 // WARNING: This config is only for testing, it is not meant for use outside of E2E.
 func E2ETestConfig() *BeaconChainConfig {
-	e2eConfig := MinimalSpecConfig()
-	e2eConfig.DepositContractAddress = "0x4242424242424242424242424242424242424242"
-	e2eConfig.Eth1FollowDistance = 8
-
-	// Misc.
-	e2eConfig.MinGenesisActiveValidatorCount = 256
-	e2eConfig.GenesisDelay = 10 // 10 seconds so E2E has enough time to process deposits and get started.
-	e2eConfig.ChurnLimitQuotient = 65536
-	e2eConfig.MaxValidatorsPerWithdrawalsSweep = 128
-
-	// Time parameters.
-	e2eConfig.SecondsPerSlot = 10
-	e2eConfig.SlotDurationMilliseconds = 10000
-	e2eConfig.SlotsPerEpoch = 6
-	e2eConfig.SqrRootSlotsPerEpoch = 2
-	e2eConfig.SecondsPerETH1Block = 2
-	e2eConfig.EpochsPerEth1VotingPeriod = 2
-	e2eConfig.ShardCommitteePeriod = 4
-	e2eConfig.MaxSeedLookahead = 1
-	e2eConfig.MinValidatorWithdrawabilityDelay = 1
-
-	// PoW parameters.
-	e2eConfig.DepositChainID = 1337   // Chain ID of eth1 dev net.
-	e2eConfig.DepositNetworkID = 1337 // Network ID of eth1 dev net.
-
-	// Fork Parameters.
-	e2eConfig.AltairForkEpoch = AltairE2EForkEpoch
-	e2eConfig.BellatrixForkEpoch = BellatrixE2EForkEpoch
-	e2eConfig.CapellaForkEpoch = CapellaE2EForkEpoch
-	e2eConfig.DenebForkEpoch = DenebE2EForkEpoch
-	e2eConfig.ElectraForkEpoch = ElectraE2EForkEpoch
-	e2eConfig.FuluForkEpoch = FuluE2EForkEpoch
-
-	// Terminal Total Difficulty.
-	e2eConfig.TerminalTotalDifficulty = "480"
-
-	// Prysm constants.
-	e2eConfig.ConfigName = EndToEndName
-	e2eConfig.GenesisForkVersion = []byte{0, 0, 0, 253}
-	e2eConfig.AltairForkVersion = []byte{1, 0, 0, 253}
-	e2eConfig.BellatrixForkVersion = []byte{2, 0, 0, 253}
-	e2eConfig.CapellaForkVersion = []byte{3, 0, 0, 253}
-	e2eConfig.DenebForkVersion = []byte{4, 0, 0, 253}
-	e2eConfig.ElectraForkVersion = []byte{5, 0, 0, 253}
-	e2eConfig.FuluForkVersion = []byte{6, 0, 0, 253}
-
-	e2eConfig.BlobSchedule = []BlobScheduleEntry{
-		{Epoch: e2eConfig.DenebForkEpoch, MaxBlobsPerBlock: uint64(e2eConfig.DeprecatedMaxBlobsPerBlock)},
-		{Epoch: e2eConfig.ElectraForkEpoch, MaxBlobsPerBlock: uint64(e2eConfig.DeprecatedMaxBlobsPerBlockElectra)},
-	}
-
-	e2eConfig.InitializeForkSchedule()
+	e2eConfigOnce.Do(func() {
+		cfg, err := UnmarshalConfig(e2eConfigYAML, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Fatal("Failed to load embedded e2e config")
+		}
+		e2eConfig = cfg
+	})
 	return e2eConfig
 }
 
@@ -93,12 +51,12 @@ func E2EMainnetTestConfig() *BeaconChainConfig {
 	e2eConfig.DepositNetworkID = 1337 // Network ID of eth1 dev net.
 
 	// Altair Fork Parameters.
-	e2eConfig.AltairForkEpoch = AltairE2EForkEpoch
-	e2eConfig.BellatrixForkEpoch = BellatrixE2EForkEpoch
-	e2eConfig.CapellaForkEpoch = CapellaE2EForkEpoch
-	e2eConfig.DenebForkEpoch = DenebE2EForkEpoch
-	e2eConfig.ElectraForkEpoch = ElectraE2EForkEpoch
-	e2eConfig.FuluForkEpoch = FuluE2EForkEpoch
+	e2eConfig.AltairForkEpoch = E2ETestConfig().AltairForkEpoch
+	e2eConfig.BellatrixForkEpoch = E2ETestConfig().BellatrixForkEpoch
+	e2eConfig.CapellaForkEpoch = E2ETestConfig().CapellaForkEpoch
+	e2eConfig.DenebForkEpoch = E2ETestConfig().DenebForkEpoch
+	e2eConfig.ElectraForkEpoch = E2ETestConfig().ElectraForkEpoch
+	e2eConfig.FuluForkEpoch = E2ETestConfig().FuluForkEpoch
 
 	// Terminal Total Difficulty.
 	e2eConfig.TerminalTotalDifficulty = "480"
@@ -119,6 +77,9 @@ func E2EMainnetTestConfig() *BeaconChainConfig {
 	e2eConfig.BlobSchedule = []BlobScheduleEntry{
 		{Epoch: e2eConfig.DenebForkEpoch, MaxBlobsPerBlock: uint64(e2eConfig.DeprecatedMaxBlobsPerBlock)},
 		{Epoch: e2eConfig.ElectraForkEpoch, MaxBlobsPerBlock: uint64(e2eConfig.DeprecatedMaxBlobsPerBlockElectra)},
+		// BPO (Blob Parameter Optimization) schedule for Fulu
+		{Epoch: e2eConfig.FuluForkEpoch + 1, MaxBlobsPerBlock: 15},
+		{Epoch: e2eConfig.FuluForkEpoch + 2, MaxBlobsPerBlock: 21},
 	}
 
 	e2eConfig.InitializeForkSchedule()

consensus-types/blocks/BUILD.bazel

@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ go_library(
         "//runtime/version:go_default_library",
         "@com_github_pkg_errors//:go_default_library",
         "@com_github_prysmaticlabs_fastssz//:go_default_library",
-        "@com_github_prysmaticlabs_gohashtree//:go_default_library",
         "@org_golang_google_protobuf//proto:go_default_library",
     ],
 )
@@ -63,6 +62,7 @@ go_test(
         "//consensus-types/interfaces:go_default_library",
         "//consensus-types/primitives:go_default_library",
         "//container/trie:go_default_library",
+        "//crypto/hash/htr:go_default_library",
         "//encoding/bytesutil:go_default_library",
         "//proto/engine/v1:go_default_library",
         "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
@@ -72,6 +72,5 @@ go_test(
         "//testing/require:go_default_library",
         "@com_github_prysmaticlabs_fastssz//:go_default_library",
         "@com_github_prysmaticlabs_go_bitfield//:go_default_library",
-        "@com_github_prysmaticlabs_gohashtree//:go_default_library",
     ],
 )

consensus-types/blocks/kzg.go

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/interfaces"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/container/trie"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/crypto/hash/htr"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/encoding/ssz"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/runtime/version"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/gohashtree"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func VerifyKZGInclusionProof(blob ROBlob) error {
 		return errInvalidBodyRoot
 	}
 	chunks := makeChunk(blob.KzgCommitment)
-	gohashtree.HashChunks(chunks, chunks)
+	htr.HashChunks(chunks, chunks)
 	verified := trie.VerifyMerkleProof(root, chunks[0][:], blob.Index+KZGOffset, blob.CommitmentInclusionProof)
 	if !verified {
 		return errInvalidInclusionProof
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ func LeavesFromCommitments(commitments [][]byte) [][]byte {
 	leaves := make([][]byte, len(commitments))
 	for i, kzg := range commitments {
 		chunk := makeChunk(kzg)
-		gohashtree.HashChunks(chunk, chunk)
+		htr.HashChunks(chunk, chunk)
 		leaves[i] = chunk[0][:]
 	}
 	return leaves

consensus-types/blocks/kzg_test.go

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ import (
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/interfaces"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/container/trie"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/crypto/hash/htr"
 	enginev1 "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/proto/engine/v1"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/require"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/gohashtree"
 )
 
 func Test_MerkleProofKZGCommitment_Altair(t *testing.T) {
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ func Test_MerkleProofKZGCommitment(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, true, trie.VerifyMerkleProof(root[:], commitmentsRoot[:], kzgPosition, topProof[:len(topProof)-1]))
 
 	chunk := makeChunk(kzgs[index])
-	gohashtree.HashChunks(chunk, chunk)
+	htr.HashChunks(chunk, chunk)
 	require.Equal(t, true, trie.VerifyMerkleProof(root[:], chunk[0][:], uint64(index+KZGOffset), proof))
 }
 

crypto/hash/htr/BUILD.bazel

@@ -5,7 +5,12 @@ go_library(
     srcs = ["hashtree.go"],
     importpath = "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/crypto/hash/htr",
     visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-    deps = ["@com_github_prysmaticlabs_gohashtree//:go_default_library"],
+    deps = [
+        "//config/features:go_default_library",
+        "@com_github_offchainlabs_hashtree//:go_default_library",
+        "@com_github_prysmaticlabs_gohashtree//:go_default_library",
+        "@com_github_sirupsen_logrus//:go_default_library",
+    ],
 )
 
 go_test(
@@ -13,5 +18,8 @@ go_test(
     size = "small",
     srcs = ["hashtree_test.go"],
     embed = [":go_default_library"],
-    deps = ["//testing/require:go_default_library"],
+    deps = [
+        "//config/features:go_default_library",
+        "//testing/require:go_default_library",
+    ],
 )

crypto/hash/htr/hashtree.go

@@ -4,14 +4,38 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"sync"
 
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/hashtree"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/features"
 	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/gohashtree"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 const minSliceSizeToParallelize = 5000
 
+// Hash hashes chunks pairwise into digests using the configured hashing library.
+// It performs input validation (odd chunks, digest length).
+func Hash(digests, chunks [][32]byte) error {
+	if features.Get().EnableHashtree {
+		return hashtree.Hash(digests, chunks)
+	}
+	return gohashtree.Hash(digests, chunks)
+}
+
+// HashChunks hashes chunks pairwise into digests without error checking.
+// The caller must ensure inputs are valid (even chunks, sufficient digest space).
+func HashChunks(digests, chunks [][32]byte) {
+	if features.Get().EnableHashtree {
+		if err := hashtree.Hash(digests, chunks); err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Error("Could not hash chunks")
+		}
+	} else {
+		gohashtree.HashChunks(digests, chunks)
+	}
+}
+
 func hashParallel(inputList [][32]byte, outputList [][32]byte, wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
 	defer wg.Done()
-	err := gohashtree.Hash(outputList, inputList)
+	err := Hash(outputList, inputList)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err) // lint:nopanic -- This should never panic.
 	}
@@ -25,7 +49,7 @@ func hashParallel(inputList [][32]byte, outputList [][32]byte, wg *sync.WaitGrou
 func VectorizedSha256(inputList [][32]byte) [][32]byte {
 	outputList := make([][32]byte, len(inputList)/2)
 	if len(inputList) < minSliceSizeToParallelize {
-		err := gohashtree.Hash(outputList, inputList)
+		err := Hash(outputList, inputList)
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(err) // lint:nopanic -- This should never panic.
 		}
@@ -38,7 +62,7 @@ func VectorizedSha256(inputList [][32]byte) [][32]byte {
 	for j := range n {
 		go hashParallel(inputList[j*2*groupSize:(j+1)*2*groupSize], outputList[j*groupSize:], &wg)
 	}
-	err := gohashtree.Hash(outputList[n*groupSize:], inputList[n*2*groupSize:])
+	err := Hash(outputList[n*groupSize:], inputList[n*2*groupSize:])
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err) // lint:nopanic -- This should never panic.
 	}

crypto/hash/htr/hashtree_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/features"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/require"
 )
 
@@ -23,3 +24,25 @@ func Test_VectorizedSha256(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Equal(t, r, hash2[i])
 	}
 }
+
+func Test_VectorizedSha256_hashtree_enabled(t *testing.T) {
+	resetCfg := features.InitWithReset(&features.Flags{
+		EnableHashtree: true,
+	})
+	defer resetCfg()
+
+	largeSlice := make([][32]byte, 32*minSliceSizeToParallelize)
+	secondLargeSlice := make([][32]byte, 32*minSliceSizeToParallelize)
+	hash1 := make([][32]byte, 16*minSliceSizeToParallelize)
+	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+	wg.Go(func() {
+		tempHash := VectorizedSha256(largeSlice)
+		copy(hash1, tempHash)
+	})
+	wg.Wait()
+	hash2 := VectorizedSha256(secondLargeSlice)
+	require.Equal(t, len(hash1), len(hash2))
+	for i, r := range hash1 {
+		require.Equal(t, r, hash2[i])
+	}
+}

deps.bzl

@@ -301,8 +301,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_bits_and_blooms_bitset",
         importpath = "github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset",
-        sum = "h1:1X2TS7aHz1ELcC0yU1y2stUs/0ig5oMU6STFZGrhvHI=",
-        version = "v1.17.0",
+        sum = "h1:Tquv9S8+SGaS3EhyA+up3FXzmkhxPGjQQCkcs2uw7w4=",
+        version = "v1.22.0",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_bradfitz_go_smtpd",
@@ -482,8 +482,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_cockroachdb_pebble",
         importpath = "github.com/cockroachdb/pebble",
-        sum = "h1:CUh2IPtR4swHlEj48Rhfzw6l/d0qA31fItcIszQVIsA=",
-        version = "v1.1.2",
+        sum = "h1:5AAWCBWbat0uE0blr8qzufZP5tBjkRyy/jWe1QWLnvw=",
+        version = "v1.1.5",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_cockroachdb_redact",
@@ -512,14 +512,16 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_consensys_bavard",
         importpath = "github.com/consensys/bavard",
-        sum = "h1:Uw2CGvbXSZWhqK59X0VG/zOjpTFuOMcPLStrp1ihI0A=",
-        version = "v0.1.22",
+        sum = "h1:dTlIwEdFQmldzFf5F6bbTcYWhvnAgZai2g8eq3Wwxqg=",
+        version = "v0.1.31-0.20250406004941-2db259e4b582",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_consensys_gnark_crypto",
         importpath = "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto",
-        sum = "h1:DDBdl4HaBtdQsq/wfMwJvZNE80sHidrK3Nfrefatm0E=",
-        version = "v0.14.0",
+        patch_args = ["-p1"],
+        patches = ["//third_party:com_github_consensys_gnark_crypto.patch"],
+        sum = "h1:vIye/FqI50VeAr0B3dx+YjeIvmc3LWz4yEfbWBpTUf0=",
+        version = "v0.18.0",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_containerd_cgroups",
@@ -555,8 +557,14 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_cpuguy83_go_md2man_v2",
         importpath = "github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2",
-        sum = "h1:ZtcqGrnekaHpVLArFSe4HK5DoKx1T0rq2DwVB0alcyc=",
-        version = "v2.0.5",
+        sum = "h1:zbFlGlXEAKlwXpmvle3d8Oe3YnkKIK4xSRTd3sHPnBo=",
+        version = "v2.0.7",
+    )
+    go_repository(
+        name = "com_github_crate_crypto_go_eth_kzg",
+        importpath = "github.com/crate-crypto/go-eth-kzg",
+        sum = "h1:WzDGjHk4gFg6YzV0rJOAsTK4z3Qkz5jd4RE3DAvPFkg=",
+        version = "v1.4.0",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_crate_crypto_go_ipa",
@@ -591,8 +599,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_datadog_zstd",
         importpath = "github.com/DataDog/zstd",
-        sum = "h1:oWf5W7GtOLgp6bciQYDmhHHjdhYkALu6S/5Ni9ZgSvQ=",
-        version = "v1.5.5",
+        sum = "h1:ybO8RBeh29qrxIhCA9E8gKY6xfONU9T6G6aP9DTKfLE=",
+        version = "v1.5.7",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_davecgh_go_spew",
@@ -606,23 +614,29 @@ def prysm_deps():
         sum = "h1:pFUpOrbxDR6AkioZ1ySsx5yxlDQZ8stG2b88gTPxgJU=",
         version = "v0.0.0-20200604182044-b73af7476f6c",
     )
+    go_repository(
+        name = "com_github_dchest_siphash",
+        importpath = "github.com/dchest/siphash",
+        sum = "h1:QXwFc8cFOR2dSa/gE6o/HokBMWtLUaNDVd+22aKHeEA=",
+        version = "v1.2.3",
+    )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_deckarep_golang_set_v2",
         importpath = "github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2",
-        sum = "h1:XfcQbWM1LlMB8BsJ8N9vW5ehnnPVIw0je80NsVHagjM=",
-        version = "v2.6.0",
+        sum = "h1:swm0rlPCmdWn9mESxKOjWk8hXSqoxOp+ZlfuyaAdFlQ=",
+        version = "v2.8.0",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_decred_dcrd_crypto_blake256",
         importpath = "github.com/decred/dcrd/crypto/blake256",
-        sum = "h1:7PltbUIQB7u/FfZ39+DGa/ShuMyJ5ilcvdfma9wOH6Y=",
-        version = "v1.0.1",
+        sum = "h1:zPMNGQCm0g4QTY27fOCorQW7EryeQ/U0x++OzVrdms8=",
+        version = "v1.1.0",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_decred_dcrd_dcrec_secp256k1_v4",
         importpath = "github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4",
-        sum = "h1:rpfIENRNNilwHwZeG5+P150SMrnNEcHYvcCuK6dPZSg=",
-        version = "v4.3.0",
+        sum = "h1:NMZiJj8QnKe1LgsbDayM4UoHwbvwDRwnI3hwNaAHRnc=",
+        version = "v4.4.0",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_deepmap_oapi_codegen",
@@ -735,8 +749,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_emicklei_dot",
         importpath = "github.com/emicklei/dot",
-        sum = "h1:Ase39UD9T9fRBOb5ptgpixrxfx8abVzNWZi2+lr53PI=",
-        version = "v0.11.0",
+        sum = "h1:08GN+DD79cy/tzN6uLCT84+2Wk9u+wvqP+Hkx/dIR8A=",
+        version = "v1.6.2",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_emicklei_go_restful_v3",
@@ -779,6 +793,12 @@ def prysm_deps():
         sum = "h1:aVtoLK5xwJ6c5RiqO8g8ptJ5KU+2Hdquf6G3aXiHh5s=",
         version = "v2.1.5",
     )
+    go_repository(
+        name = "com_github_ethereum_go_bigmodexpfix",
+        importpath = "github.com/ethereum/go-bigmodexpfix",
+        sum = "h1:rvv6MJhy07IMfEKuARQ9TKojGqLVNxQajaXEp/BoqSk=",
+        version = "v0.0.0-20250911101455-f9e208c548ab",
+    )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_ethereum_go_ethereum",
         build_directives = [
@@ -790,8 +810,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
         patches = [
             "//third_party:com_github_ethereum_go_ethereum_secp256k1.patch",
         ],
-        sum = "h1:bRra1zi+/q+qyXZ6fylZOrlaF8kDdnlTtzNTmNHfX+g=",
-        version = "v1.15.9",
+        sum = "h1:qeM4TvbrWK0UC0tgkZ7NiRsmBGwsjqc64BHo20U59UQ=",
+        version = "v1.16.7",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_ethereum_go_verkle",
@@ -832,8 +852,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_ferranbt_fastssz",
         importpath = "github.com/ferranbt/fastssz",
-        sum = "h1:ZI+z3JH05h4kgmFXdHuR1aWYsgrg7o+Fw7/NCzM16Mo=",
-        version = "v0.1.3",
+        sum = "h1:OCDB+dYDEQDvAgtAGnTSidK1Pe2tW3nFV40XyMkTeDY=",
+        version = "v0.1.4",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_fjl_gencodec",
@@ -919,12 +939,6 @@ def prysm_deps():
         sum = "h1:f6D9Hr8xV8uYKlyuj8XIruxlh9WjVjdh1gIicAS7ays=",
         version = "v0.0.0-20191108122812-4678299bea08",
     )
-    go_repository(
-        name = "com_github_gballet_go_verkle",
-        importpath = "github.com/gballet/go-verkle",
-        sum = "h1:BAIP2GihuqhwdILrV+7GJel5lyPV3u1+PgzrWLc0TkE=",
-        version = "v0.1.1-0.20231031103413-a67434b50f46",
-    )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_gdamore_encoding",
         importpath = "github.com/gdamore/encoding",
@@ -1132,8 +1146,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_gofrs_flock",
         importpath = "github.com/gofrs/flock",
-        sum = "h1:+gYjHKf32LDeiEEFhQaotPbLuUXjY5ZqxKgXy7n59aw=",
-        version = "v0.8.1",
+        sum = "h1:MTLVXXHf8ekldpJk3AKicLij9MdwOWkZ+a/jHHZby9E=",
+        version = "v0.12.1",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_gogo_googleapis",
@@ -1200,8 +1214,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_golang_snappy",
         importpath = "github.com/golang/snappy",
-        sum = "h1:4bw4WeyTYPp0smaXiJZCNnLrvVBqirQVreixayXezGc=",
-        version = "v0.0.5-0.20231225225746-43d5d4cd4e0e",
+        sum = "h1:Oy607GVXHs7RtbggtPBnr2RmDArIsAefDwvrdWvRhGs=",
+        version = "v1.0.0",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_golangci_lint_1",
@@ -1275,12 +1289,6 @@ def prysm_deps():
         sum = "h1:GOZbcHa3HfsPKPlmyPyN2KEohoMXOhdMbHrvbpl2QaA=",
         version = "v0.1.0",
     )
-    go_repository(
-        name = "com_github_google_subcommands",
-        importpath = "github.com/google/subcommands",
-        sum = "h1:vWQspBTo2nEqTUFita5/KeEWlUL8kQObDFbub/EN9oE=",
-        version = "v1.2.0",
-    )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_google_uuid",
         importpath = "github.com/google/uuid",
@@ -1542,8 +1550,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_holiman_billy",
         importpath = "github.com/holiman/billy",
-        sum = "h1:X4egAf/gcS1zATw6wn4Ej8vjuVGxeHdan+bRb2ebyv4=",
-        version = "v0.0.0-20240216141850-2abb0c79d3c4",
+        sum = "h1:IZUYC/xb3giYwBLMnr8d0TGTzPKFGNTCGgGLoyeX330=",
+        version = "v0.0.0-20250707135307-f2f9b9aae7db",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_holiman_bloomfilter_v2",
@@ -1554,8 +1562,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_holiman_goevmlab",
         importpath = "github.com/holiman/goevmlab",
-        sum = "h1:JHZ8k9n9G9KXIo1qrvK5Cxah6ax5BR0qVTA9bFYl1oM=",
-        version = "v0.0.0-20241121133100-cfa6b078c8c4",
+        sum = "h1:krEMViaomzuBfH/L1V4b8w2lVfsEpUbxH1ZJQpUaT6E=",
+        version = "v0.0.0-20250515153315-ab84907ebdb2",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_holiman_uint256",
@@ -1850,8 +1858,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_klauspost_compress",
         importpath = "github.com/klauspost/compress",
-        sum = "h1:In6xLpyWOi1+C7tXUUWv2ot1QvBjxevKAaI6IXrJmUc=",
-        version = "v1.17.11",
+        sum = "h1:c/Cqfb0r+Yi+JtIEq73FWXVkRonBlf0CRNYc8Zttxdo=",
+        version = "v1.18.0",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_klauspost_cpuid",
@@ -2104,18 +2112,6 @@ def prysm_deps():
         sum = "h1:3l11YT8tm9MnwGFQ4kETwkzpAwY2Jt9lCrumCUW4+z4=",
         version = "v0.7.0",
     )
-    go_repository(
-        name = "com_github_mariusvanderwijden_fuzzyvm",
-        importpath = "github.com/MariusVanDerWijden/FuzzyVM",
-        sum = "h1:RQtzNvriR3Yu5CvVBTJPwDmfItBT90TWZ3fFondhc08=",
-        version = "v0.0.0-20240516070431-7828990cad7d",
-    )
-    go_repository(
-        name = "com_github_mariusvanderwijden_tx_fuzz",
-        importpath = "github.com/MariusVanDerWijden/tx-fuzz",
-        sum = "h1:Tq4lXivsR8mtoP4RpasUDIUpDLHfN1YhFge/kzrzK78=",
-        version = "v1.4.0",
-    )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_marten_seemann_tcp",
         importpath = "github.com/marten-seemann/tcp",
@@ -2143,8 +2139,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_mattn_go_runewidth",
         importpath = "github.com/mattn/go-runewidth",
-        sum = "h1:UNAjwbU9l54TA3KzvqLGxwWjHmMgBUVhBiTjelZgg3U=",
-        version = "v0.0.15",
+        sum = "h1:E5ScNMtiwvlvB5paMFdw9p4kSQzbXFikJ5SQO6TULQc=",
+        version = "v0.0.16",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_matttproud_golang_protobuf_extensions",
@@ -2257,8 +2253,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_mitchellh_mapstructure",
         importpath = "github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure",
-        sum = "h1:CpVNEelQCZBooIPDn+AR3NpivK/TIKU8bDxdASFVQag=",
-        version = "v1.4.1",
+        sum = "h1:jeMsZIYE/09sWLaz43PL7Gy6RuMjD2eJVyuac5Z2hdY=",
+        version = "v1.5.0",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_mitchellh_pointerstructure",
@@ -2272,12 +2268,6 @@ def prysm_deps():
         sum = "h1:SobOdjm2xLj1KkXN5/n0xTIWyZA2+s99UCY1iPfkHRY=",
         version = "v0.4.0",
     )
-    go_repository(
-        name = "com_github_mmcloughlin_profile",
-        importpath = "github.com/mmcloughlin/profile",
-        sum = "h1:jhDmAqPyebOsVDOCICJoINoLb/AnLBaUw58nFzxWS2w=",
-        version = "v0.1.1",
-    )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_moby_spdystream",
         importpath = "github.com/moby/spdystream",
@@ -2449,6 +2439,15 @@ def prysm_deps():
         sum = "h1:8feyoE3OzPrcshW5/MJ4sGESc5cqmGkGCWlco4l0bqY=",
         version = "v1.4.11",
     )
+    go_repository(
+        name = "com_github_offchainlabs_hashtree",
+        build_file_generation = "off",
+        importpath = "github.com/OffchainLabs/hashtree",
+        patch_args = ["-p1"],
+        patches = ["//third_party:com_github_offchainlabs_hashtree.patch"],
+        sum = "h1:R6DAjgAUwwfgji3jEI4WUxtZ3eJ+FbRHjW21UPMBJyo=",
+        version = "v0.2.2",
+    )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_oklog_oklog",
         importpath = "github.com/oklog/oklog",
@@ -2821,6 +2820,12 @@ def prysm_deps():
         sum = "h1:BTyx3RfQjRHnUWaGF9oQos79AlQ5k8WNktv7VGvVH4g=",
         version = "v1.1.0",
     )
+    go_repository(
+        name = "com_github_projectzkm_ziren_crates_go_runtime_zkvm_runtime",
+        importpath = "github.com/ProjectZKM/Ziren/crates/go-runtime/zkvm_runtime",
+        sum = "h1:1zYrtlhrZ6/b6SAjLSfKzWtdgqK0U+HtH/VcBWh1BaU=",
+        version = "v0.0.0-20251001021608-1fe7b43fc4d6",
+    )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_prometheus_client_golang",
         importpath = "github.com/prometheus/client_golang",
@@ -3267,8 +3272,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_spf13_pflag",
         importpath = "github.com/spf13/pflag",
-        sum = "h1:iy+VFUOCP1a+8yFto/drg2CJ5u0yRoB7fZw3DKv/JXA=",
-        version = "v1.0.5",
+        sum = "h1:jFzHGLGAlb3ruxLB8MhbI6A8+AQX/2eW4qeyNZXNp2o=",
+        version = "v1.0.6",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_spf13_viper",
@@ -3384,14 +3389,14 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_tklauser_go_sysconf",
         importpath = "github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf",
-        sum = "h1:GBUpcahXSpR2xN01jhkNAbTLRk2Yzgggk8IM08lq3r4=",
-        version = "v0.3.13",
+        sum = "h1:VE89k0criAymJ/Os65CSn1IXaol+1wrsFHEB8Ol49K4=",
+        version = "v0.3.15",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_tklauser_numcpus",
         importpath = "github.com/tklauser/numcpus",
-        sum = "h1:yjuerZP127QG9m5Zh/mSO4wqurYil27tHrqwRoRjpr4=",
-        version = "v0.7.0",
+        sum = "h1:18njr6LDBk1zuna922MgdjQuJFjrdppsZG60sHGfjso=",
+        version = "v0.10.0",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_tmc_grpc_websocket_proxy",
@@ -3411,12 +3416,6 @@ def prysm_deps():
         sum = "h1:YPXUKf7fYbp/y8xloBqZOw2qaVggbfwMlI8WM3wZUJ0=",
         version = "v1.2.7",
     )
-    go_repository(
-        name = "com_github_umbracle_gohashtree",
-        importpath = "github.com/umbracle/gohashtree",
-        sum = "h1:CQh33pStIp/E30b7TxDlXfM0145bn2e8boI30IxAhTg=",
-        version = "v0.0.2-alpha.0.20230207094856-5b775a815c10",
-    )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_urfave_cli",
         importpath = "github.com/urfave/cli",
@@ -3426,8 +3425,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_urfave_cli_v2",
         importpath = "github.com/urfave/cli/v2",
-        sum = "h1:WoHEJLdsXr6dDWoJgMq/CboDmyY/8HMMH1fTECbih+w=",
-        version = "v2.27.5",
+        sum = "h1:VdRdS98FNhKZ8/Az8B7MTyGQmpIr36O1EHybx/LaZ4g=",
+        version = "v2.27.6",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_urfave_negroni",
@@ -3474,8 +3473,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_victoriametrics_fastcache",
         importpath = "github.com/VictoriaMetrics/fastcache",
-        sum = "h1:N0y9ASrJ0F6h0QaC3o6uJb3NIZ9VKLjCM7NQbSmF7WI=",
-        version = "v1.12.2",
+        sum = "h1:AW4mheMR5Vd9FkAPUv+NH6Nhw+fmbTMGMsNAoA/+4G0=",
+        version = "v1.13.0",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_vividcortex_gohistogram",
@@ -3597,8 +3596,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "com_github_yusufpapurcu_wmi",
         importpath = "github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi",
-        sum = "h1:E1ctvB7uKFMOJw3fdOW32DwGE9I7t++CRUEMKvFoFiw=",
-        version = "v1.2.3",
+        sum = "h1:zFUKzehAFReQwLys1b/iSMl+JQGSCSjtVqQn9bBrPo0=",
+        version = "v1.2.4",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "com_google_cloud_go",
@@ -4784,8 +4783,8 @@ def prysm_deps():
     go_repository(
         name = "org_golang_x_exp",
         importpath = "golang.org/x/exp",
-        sum = "h1:KL/ZBHXgKGVmuZBZ01Lt57yE5ws8ZPSkkihmEyq7FXc=",
-        version = "v0.0.0-20250128182459-e0ece0dbea4c",
+        sum = "h1:y5zboxd6LQAqYIhHnB48p0ByQ/GnQx2BE33L8BOHQkI=",
+        version = "v0.0.0-20250506013437-ce4c2cf36ca6",
     )
     go_repository(
         name = "org_golang_x_exp_typeparams",

encoding/ssz/BUILD.bazel

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ go_library(
         "@com_github_minio_sha256_simd//:go_default_library",
         "@com_github_pkg_errors//:go_default_library",
         "@com_github_prysmaticlabs_go_bitfield//:go_default_library",
-        "@com_github_prysmaticlabs_gohashtree//:go_default_library",
     ],
 )
 

encoding/ssz/merkleize.go

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/container/trie"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/crypto/hash/htr"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/gohashtree"
 )
 
 var errInvalidNilSlice = errors.New("invalid empty slice")
@@ -182,10 +181,10 @@ func MerkleizeListSSZ[T Hashable](elements []T, limit uint64) ([32]byte, error)
 	chunks := make([][32]byte, 2)
 	chunks[0] = body
 	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(chunks[1][:], uint64(len(elements)))
-	if err := gohashtree.Hash(chunks, chunks); err != nil {
+	if err = htr.Hash(chunks, chunks); err != nil {
 		return [32]byte{}, err
 	}
-	return chunks[0], err
+	return chunks[0], nil
 }
 
 // MerkleizeByteSliceSSZ hashes a byteslice by chunkifying it and returning the

go.mod

@@ -3,20 +3,19 @@ module github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7
 go 1.25.1
 
 require (
-	github.com/MariusVanDerWijden/FuzzyVM v0.0.0-20240516070431-7828990cad7d
-	github.com/MariusVanDerWijden/tx-fuzz v1.4.0
 	github.com/OffchainLabs/go-bitfield v0.0.0-20251031151322-f427d04d8506
+	github.com/OffchainLabs/hashtree v0.2.3
 	github.com/aristanetworks/goarista v0.0.0-20200805130819-fd197cf57d96
 	github.com/bazelbuild/rules_go v0.23.2
 	github.com/btcsuite/btcd/btcec/v2 v2.3.4
-	github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.14.0
+	github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.18.0
 	github.com/crate-crypto/go-kzg-4844 v1.1.0
 	github.com/d4l3k/messagediff v1.2.1
 	github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto/v2 v2.2.0
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1
-	github.com/emicklei/dot v0.11.0
+	github.com/emicklei/dot v1.6.2
 	github.com/ethereum/c-kzg-4844/v2 v2.1.5
-	github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum v1.15.9
+	github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum v1.16.7
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.6.0
 	github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0
 	github.com/go-yaml/yaml v2.1.0+incompatible
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4 v4.5.2
 	github.com/golang/gddo v0.0.0-20200528160355-8d077c1d8f4c
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4
-	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.5-0.20231225225746-43d5d4cd4e0e
+	github.com/golang/snappy v1.0.0
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0
 	github.com/google/gofuzz v1.2.0
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/thomaso-mirodin/intmath v0.0.0-20160323211736-5dc6d854e46e
 	github.com/trailofbits/go-mutexasserts v0.0.0-20250212181730-4c2b8e9e784b
 	github.com/tyler-smith/go-bip39 v1.1.0
-	github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.5
+	github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.6
 	github.com/uudashr/gocognit v1.0.5
 	github.com/wealdtech/go-bytesutil v1.1.1
 	github.com/wealdtech/go-eth2-util v1.6.3
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ require (
 	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.2
 	go.uber.org/mock v0.5.2
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.44.0
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250128182459-e0ece0dbea4c
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250506013437-ce4c2cf36ca6
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0
 	golang.org/x/tools v0.39.0
 	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20230410155749-daa745c078e1
@@ -106,12 +105,13 @@ require (
 
 require (
 	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.1-0.20240526193622-a339e1f7089c // indirect
-	github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.5.5 // indirect
+	github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.5.7 // indirect
 	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
-	github.com/VictoriaMetrics/fastcache v1.12.2 // indirect
+	github.com/ProjectZKM/Ziren/crates/go-runtime/zkvm_runtime v0.0.0-20251001021608-1fe7b43fc4d6 // indirect
+	github.com/VictoriaMetrics/fastcache v1.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/benbjohnson/clock v1.3.5 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.17.0 // indirect
+	github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.22.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/cp v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
@@ -119,27 +119,28 @@ require (
 	github.com/cockroachdb/errors v1.11.3 // indirect
 	github.com/cockroachdb/fifo v0.0.0-20240606204812-0bbfbd93a7ce // indirect
 	github.com/cockroachdb/logtags v0.0.0-20230118201751-21c54148d20b // indirect
-	github.com/cockroachdb/pebble v1.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/pebble v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/cockroachdb/redact v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/cockroachdb/tokenbucket v0.0.0-20230807174530-cc333fc44b06 // indirect
-	github.com/consensys/bavard v0.1.22 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/cgroups v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
+	github.com/crate-crypto/go-eth-kzg v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/crate-crypto/go-ipa v0.0.0-20240724233137-53bbb0ceb27a // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/davidlazar/go-crypto v0.0.0-20200604182044-b73af7476f6c // indirect
-	github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2 v2.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/dchest/siphash v1.2.3 // indirect
+	github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2 v2.8.0 // indirect
+	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/deepmap/oapi-codegen v1.8.2 // indirect
 	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dop251/goja v0.0.0-20230806174421-c933cf95e127 // indirect
 	github.com/elastic/gosigar v0.14.3 // indirect
-	github.com/ethereum/c-kzg-4844 v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ethereum/go-bigmodexpfix v0.0.0-20250911101455-f9e208c548ab // indirect
 	github.com/ethereum/go-verkle v0.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/ferranbt/fastssz v0.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/ferranbt/fastssz v0.1.4 // indirect
 	github.com/flynn/noise v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/francoispqt/gojay v1.2.13 // indirect
 	github.com/getsentry/sentry-go v0.27.0 // indirect
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/go-sourcemap/sourcemap v2.1.3+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/go-task/slim-sprig/v3 v3.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/gofrs/flock v0.8.1 // indirect
+	github.com/gofrs/flock v0.12.1 // indirect
 	github.com/google/gopacket v1.1.19 // indirect
 	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250202011525-fc3143867406 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3 // indirect
@@ -157,9 +158,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.25.1 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-bexpr v0.1.10 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
-	github.com/holiman/billy v0.0.0-20240216141850-2abb0c79d3c4 // indirect
+	github.com/holiman/billy v0.0.0-20250707135307-f2f9b9aae7db // indirect
 	github.com/holiman/bloomfilter/v2 v2.0.3 // indirect
-	github.com/holiman/goevmlab v0.0.0-20241121133100-cfa6b078c8c4 // indirect
 	github.com/huin/goupnp v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/influxdata/influxdb-client-go/v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/influxdata/influxdb1-client v0.0.0-20220302092344-a9ab5670611c // indirect
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/jackpal/go-nat-pmp v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/jbenet/go-temp-err-catcher v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/juju/ansiterm v0.0.0-20180109212912-720a0952cc2a // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.11 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.9 // indirect
 	github.com/koron/go-ssdp v0.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
@@ -185,15 +185,14 @@ require (
 	github.com/marten-seemann/tcp v0.0.0-20210406111302-dfbc87cc63fd // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16 // indirect
 	github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.63 // indirect
 	github.com/mikioh/tcpinfo v0.0.0-20190314235526-30a79bb1804b // indirect
 	github.com/mikioh/tcpopt v0.0.0-20190314235656-172688c1accc // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/colorstring v0.0.0-20190213212951-d06e56a500db // indirect
-	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/pointerstructure v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/mmcloughlin/addchain v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0 // indirect
@@ -249,12 +248,12 @@ require (
 	github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/syndtr/goleveldb v1.0.1-0.20210819022825-2ae1ddf74ef7 // indirect
-	github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf v0.3.13 // indirect
-	github.com/tklauser/numcpus v0.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf v0.3.15 // indirect
+	github.com/tklauser/numcpus v0.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/wealdtech/go-eth2-types/v2 v2.8.2 // indirect
 	github.com/wlynxg/anet v0.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/xrash/smetrics v0.0.0-20240521201337-686a1a2994c1 // indirect
-	github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.3 // indirect
+	github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.4 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.34.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.35.0 // indirect
@@ -275,7 +274,6 @@ require (
 	gopkg.in/cenkalti/backoff.v1 v1.1.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1 // indirect
 	lukechampine.com/blake3 v1.3.0 // indirect
-	rsc.io/tmplfunc v0.0.3 // indirect
 	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20221116044647-bc3834ca7abd // indirect
 	sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.4.1 // indirect
 	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.3.0 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -48,22 +48,22 @@ github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.1-0.20240526193622-a339e1f7089c h1:pxW6RcqyfI9/kWtOwnv/G+AzdKuy2ZrqINhenH4HyNs=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.1-0.20240526193622-a339e1f7089c/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
 github.com/BurntSushi/xgb v0.0.0-20160522181843-27f122750802/go.mod h1:IVnqGOEym/WlBOVXweHU+Q+/VP0lqqI8lqeDx9IjBqo=
-github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.5.5 h1:oWf5W7GtOLgp6bciQYDmhHHjdhYkALu6S/5Ni9ZgSvQ=
-github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.5.5/go.mod h1:g4AWEaM3yOg3HYfnJ3YIawPnVdXJh9QME85blwSAmyw=
+github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.5.7 h1:ybO8RBeh29qrxIhCA9E8gKY6xfONU9T6G6aP9DTKfLE=
+github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.5.7/go.mod h1:g4AWEaM3yOg3HYfnJ3YIawPnVdXJh9QME85blwSAmyw=
 github.com/Knetic/govaluate v3.0.1-0.20171022003610-9aa49832a739+incompatible/go.mod h1:r7JcOSlj0wfOMncg0iLm8Leh48TZaKVeNIfJntJ2wa0=
-github.com/MariusVanDerWijden/FuzzyVM v0.0.0-20240516070431-7828990cad7d h1:RQtzNvriR3Yu5CvVBTJPwDmfItBT90TWZ3fFondhc08=
-github.com/MariusVanDerWijden/FuzzyVM v0.0.0-20240516070431-7828990cad7d/go.mod h1:gWTykV/ZinShgltWofTEJY4TsletuvGhB6l4+Ai2F+E=
-github.com/MariusVanDerWijden/tx-fuzz v1.4.0 h1:Tq4lXivsR8mtoP4RpasUDIUpDLHfN1YhFge/kzrzK78=
-github.com/MariusVanDerWijden/tx-fuzz v1.4.0/go.mod h1:gmOVECg7o5FY5VU3DQ/fY0zTk/ExBdMkUGz0vA8qqms=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 h1:F2VQgta7ecxGYO8k3ZZz3RS8fVIXVxONVUPlNERoyfY=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2/go.mod h1:yd8OoFMLzJbo9gZq8j5qaps8bJ9aShtEA8Ipt1oGCvU=
 github.com/OffchainLabs/go-bitfield v0.0.0-20251031151322-f427d04d8506 h1:d/SJkN8/9Ca+1YmuDiUJxAiV4w/a9S8NcsG7GMQSrVI=
 github.com/OffchainLabs/go-bitfield v0.0.0-20251031151322-f427d04d8506/go.mod h1:6TZI4FU6zT8x6ZfWa1J8YQ2NgW0wLV/W3fHRca8ISBo=
+github.com/ProjectZKM/Ziren/crates/go-runtime/zkvm_runtime v0.0.0-20251001021608-1fe7b43fc4d6 h1:1zYrtlhrZ6/b6SAjLSfKzWtdgqK0U+HtH/VcBWh1BaU=
+github.com/ProjectZKM/Ziren/crates/go-runtime/zkvm_runtime v0.0.0-20251001021608-1fe7b43fc4d6/go.mod h1:ioLG6R+5bUSO1oeGSDxOV3FADARuMoytZCSX6MEMQkI=
+github.com/OffchainLabs/hashtree v0.2.3 h1:nM8dBAQZzHLzzM14FaAHXnHTAXZIst69v5xWuS48y/c=
+github.com/OffchainLabs/hashtree v0.2.3/go.mod h1:b07+cRZs+eAR8TR57CB9TQlt5Gnl/06Xs76xt/1wq0M=
 github.com/Shopify/sarama v1.19.0/go.mod h1:FVkBWblsNy7DGZRfXLU0O9RCGt5g3g3yEuWXgklEdEo=
 github.com/Shopify/sarama v1.26.1/go.mod h1:NbSGBSSndYaIhRcBtY9V0U7AyH+x71bG668AuWys/yU=
 github.com/Shopify/toxiproxy v2.1.4+incompatible/go.mod h1:OXgGpZ6Cli1/URJOF1DMxUHB2q5Ap20/P/eIdh4G0pI=
-github.com/VictoriaMetrics/fastcache v1.12.2 h1:N0y9ASrJ0F6h0QaC3o6uJb3NIZ9VKLjCM7NQbSmF7WI=
-github.com/VictoriaMetrics/fastcache v1.12.2/go.mod h1:AmC+Nzz1+3G2eCPapF6UcsnkThDcMsQicp4xDukwJYI=
+github.com/VictoriaMetrics/fastcache v1.13.0 h1:AW4mheMR5Vd9FkAPUv+NH6Nhw+fmbTMGMsNAoA/+4G0=
+github.com/VictoriaMetrics/fastcache v1.13.0/go.mod h1:hHXhl4DA2fTL2HTZDJFXWgW0LNjo6B+4aj2Wmng3TjU=
 github.com/VividCortex/gohistogram v1.0.0/go.mod h1:Pf5mBqqDxYaXu3hDrrU+w6nw50o/4+TcAqDqk/vUH7g=
 github.com/afex/hystrix-go v0.0.0-20180502004556-fa1af6a1f4f5/go.mod h1:SkGFH1ia65gfNATL8TAiHDNxPzPdmEL5uirI2Uyuz6c=
 github.com/alecthomas/template v0.0.0-20160405071501-a0175ee3bccc/go.mod h1:LOuyumcjzFXgccqObfd/Ljyb9UuFJ6TxHnclSeseNhc=
@@ -71,9 +71,8 @@ github.com/alecthomas/template v0.0.0-20190718012654-fb15b899a751/go.mod h1:LOuy
 github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20151022065526-2efee857e7cf/go.mod h1:ybxpYRFXyAe+OPACYpWeL0wqObRcbAqCMya13uyzqw0=
 github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20190717042225-c3de453c63f4/go.mod h1:ybxpYRFXyAe+OPACYpWeL0wqObRcbAqCMya13uyzqw0=
 github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20190924025748-f65c72e2690d/go.mod h1:rBZYJk541a8SKzHPHnH3zbiI+7dagKZ0cgpgrD7Fyho=
+github.com/allegro/bigcache v1.2.1-0.20190218064605-e24eb225f156 h1:eMwmnE/GDgah4HI848JfFxHt+iPb26b4zyfspmqY0/8=
 github.com/allegro/bigcache v1.2.1-0.20190218064605-e24eb225f156/go.mod h1:Cb/ax3seSYIx7SuZdm2G2xzfwmv3TPSk2ucNfQESPXM=
-github.com/allegro/bigcache v1.2.1 h1:hg1sY1raCwic3Vnsvje6TT7/pnZba83LeFck5NrFKSc=
-github.com/allegro/bigcache v1.2.1/go.mod h1:Cb/ax3seSYIx7SuZdm2G2xzfwmv3TPSk2ucNfQESPXM=
 github.com/anmitsu/go-shlex v0.0.0-20161002113705-648efa622239/go.mod h1:2FmKhYUyUczH0OGQWaF5ceTx0UBShxjsH6f8oGKYe2c=
 github.com/apache/thrift v0.12.0/go.mod h1:cp2SuWMxlEZw2r+iP2GNCdIi4C1qmUzdZFSVb+bacwQ=
 github.com/apache/thrift v0.13.0/go.mod h1:cp2SuWMxlEZw2r+iP2GNCdIi4C1qmUzdZFSVb+bacwQ=
@@ -100,8 +99,8 @@ github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.0/go.mod h1:KWe93zE9D1o94FZ5RNwFwVgaQK1VOXiVxmqh+Ce
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
 github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.1.0/go.mod h1:+zsyZBPWlz7T6j88CTgSN5bM796AkVf0kBD4zp0CCIs=
-github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.17.0 h1:1X2TS7aHz1ELcC0yU1y2stUs/0ig5oMU6STFZGrhvHI=
-github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.17.0/go.mod h1:7hO7Gc7Pp1vODcmWvKMRA9BNmbv6a/7QIWpPxHddWR8=
+github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.22.0 h1:Tquv9S8+SGaS3EhyA+up3FXzmkhxPGjQQCkcs2uw7w4=
+github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.22.0/go.mod h1:7hO7Gc7Pp1vODcmWvKMRA9BNmbv6a/7QIWpPxHddWR8=
 github.com/bradfitz/go-smtpd v0.0.0-20170404230938-deb6d6237625/go.mod h1:HYsPBTaaSFSlLx/70C2HPIMNZpVV8+vt/A+FMnYP11g=
 github.com/bradfitz/gomemcache v0.0.0-20170208213004-1952afaa557d/go.mod h1:PmM6Mmwb0LSuEubjR8N7PtNe1KxZLtOUHtbeikc5h60=
 github.com/btcsuite/btcd/btcec/v2 v2.3.4 h1:3EJjcN70HCu/mwqlUsGK8GcNVyLVxFDlWurTXGPFfiQ=
@@ -115,7 +114,6 @@ github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.2.1/go.mod h1:f6KPmirojxKA
 github.com/cespare/cp v1.1.1 h1:nCb6ZLdB7NRaqsm91JtQTAme2SKJzXVsdPIPkyJr1MU=
 github.com/cespare/cp v1.1.1/go.mod h1:SOGHArjBr4JWaSDEVpWpo/hNg6RoKrls6Oh40hiwW+s=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.1/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/chzyer/logex v1.1.10/go.mod h1:+Ywpsq7O8HXn0nuIou7OrIPyXbp3wmkHB+jjWRnGsAI=
@@ -145,17 +143,15 @@ github.com/cockroachdb/fifo v0.0.0-20240606204812-0bbfbd93a7ce h1:giXvy4KSc/6g/e
 github.com/cockroachdb/fifo v0.0.0-20240606204812-0bbfbd93a7ce/go.mod h1:9/y3cnZ5GKakj/H4y9r9GTjCvAFta7KLgSHPJJYc52M=
 github.com/cockroachdb/logtags v0.0.0-20230118201751-21c54148d20b h1:r6VH0faHjZeQy818SGhaone5OnYfxFR/+AzdY3sf5aE=
 github.com/cockroachdb/logtags v0.0.0-20230118201751-21c54148d20b/go.mod h1:Vz9DsVWQQhf3vs21MhPMZpMGSht7O/2vFW2xusFUVOs=
-github.com/cockroachdb/pebble v1.1.2 h1:CUh2IPtR4swHlEj48Rhfzw6l/d0qA31fItcIszQVIsA=
-github.com/cockroachdb/pebble v1.1.2/go.mod h1:4exszw1r40423ZsmkG/09AFEG83I0uDgfujJdbL6kYU=
+github.com/cockroachdb/pebble v1.1.5 h1:5AAWCBWbat0uE0blr8qzufZP5tBjkRyy/jWe1QWLnvw=
+github.com/cockroachdb/pebble v1.1.5/go.mod h1:17wO9el1YEigxkP/YtV8NtCivQDgoCyBg5c4VR/eOWo=
 github.com/cockroachdb/redact v1.1.5 h1:u1PMllDkdFfPWaNGMyLD1+so+aq3uUItthCFqzwPJ30=
 github.com/cockroachdb/redact v1.1.5/go.mod h1:BVNblN9mBWFyMyqK1k3AAiSxhvhfK2oOZZ2lK+dpvRg=
 github.com/cockroachdb/tokenbucket v0.0.0-20230807174530-cc333fc44b06 h1:zuQyyAKVxetITBuuhv3BI9cMrmStnpT18zmgmTxunpo=
 github.com/cockroachdb/tokenbucket v0.0.0-20230807174530-cc333fc44b06/go.mod h1:7nc4anLGjupUW/PeY5qiNYsdNXj7zopG+eqsS7To5IQ=
 github.com/codahale/hdrhistogram v0.0.0-20161010025455-3a0bb77429bd/go.mod h1:sE/e/2PUdi/liOCUjSTXgM1o87ZssimdTWN964YiIeI=
-github.com/consensys/bavard v0.1.22 h1:Uw2CGvbXSZWhqK59X0VG/zOjpTFuOMcPLStrp1ihI0A=
-github.com/consensys/bavard v0.1.22/go.mod h1:k/zVjHHC4B+PQy1Pg7fgvG3ALicQw540Crag8qx+dZs=
-github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.14.0 h1:DDBdl4HaBtdQsq/wfMwJvZNE80sHidrK3Nfrefatm0E=
-github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.14.0/go.mod h1:CU4UijNPsHawiVGNxe9co07FkzCeWHHrb1li/n1XoU0=
+github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.18.0 h1:vIye/FqI50VeAr0B3dx+YjeIvmc3LWz4yEfbWBpTUf0=
+github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.18.0/go.mod h1:L3mXGFTe1ZN+RSJ+CLjUt9x7PNdx8ubaYfDROyp2Z8c=
 github.com/containerd/cgroups v0.0.0-20201119153540-4cbc285b3327/go.mod h1:ZJeTFisyysqgcCdecO57Dj79RfL0LNeGiFUqLYQRYLE=
 github.com/containerd/cgroups v1.1.0 h1:v8rEWFl6EoqHB+swVNjVoCJE8o3jX7e8nqBGPLaDFBM=
 github.com/containerd/cgroups v1.1.0/go.mod h1:6ppBcbh/NOOUU+dMKrykgaBnK9lCIBxHqJDGwsa1mIw=
@@ -170,8 +166,10 @@ github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0/go.mod h1:Y58oyj3AT4RCenI/lSvhwexgC+NSV
 github.com/coreos/pkg v0.0.0-20160727233714-3ac0863d7acf/go.mod h1:E3G3o1h8I7cfcXa63jLwjI0eiQQMgzzUDFVpN/nH/eA=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.0-20190314233015-f79a8a8ca69d/go.mod h1:maD7wRr/U5Z6m/iR4s+kqSMx2CaBsrgA7czyZG/E6dU=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.0/go.mod h1:maD7wRr/U5Z6m/iR4s+kqSMx2CaBsrgA7czyZG/E6dU=
-github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.5 h1:ZtcqGrnekaHpVLArFSe4HK5DoKx1T0rq2DwVB0alcyc=
-github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.5/go.mod h1:tgQtvFlXSQOSOSIRvRPT7W67SCa46tRHOmNcaadrF8o=
+github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.7 h1:zbFlGlXEAKlwXpmvle3d8Oe3YnkKIK4xSRTd3sHPnBo=
+github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.7/go.mod h1:oOW0eioCTA6cOiMLiUPZOpcVxMig6NIQQ7OS05n1F4g=
+github.com/crate-crypto/go-eth-kzg v1.4.0 h1:WzDGjHk4gFg6YzV0rJOAsTK4z3Qkz5jd4RE3DAvPFkg=
+github.com/crate-crypto/go-eth-kzg v1.4.0/go.mod h1:J9/u5sWfznSObptgfa92Jq8rTswn6ahQWEuiLHOjCUI=
 github.com/crate-crypto/go-ipa v0.0.0-20240724233137-53bbb0ceb27a h1:W8mUrRp6NOVl3J+MYp5kPMoUZPp7aOYHtaua31lwRHg=
 github.com/crate-crypto/go-ipa v0.0.0-20240724233137-53bbb0ceb27a/go.mod h1:sTwzHBvIzm2RfVCGNEBZgRyjwK40bVoun3ZnGOCafNM=
 github.com/crate-crypto/go-kzg-4844 v1.1.0 h1:EN/u9k2TF6OWSHrCCDBBU6GLNMq88OspHHlMnHfoyU4=
@@ -186,12 +184,14 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davidlazar/go-crypto v0.0.0-20200604182044-b73af7476f6c h1:pFUpOrbxDR6AkioZ1ySsx5yxlDQZ8stG2b88gTPxgJU=
 github.com/davidlazar/go-crypto v0.0.0-20200604182044-b73af7476f6c/go.mod h1:6UhI8N9EjYm1c2odKpFpAYeR8dsBeM7PtzQhRgxRr9U=
-github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2 v2.6.0 h1:XfcQbWM1LlMB8BsJ8N9vW5ehnnPVIw0je80NsVHagjM=
-github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2 v2.6.0/go.mod h1:VAky9rY/yGXJOLEDv3OMci+7wtDpOF4IN+y82NBOac4=
-github.com/decred/dcrd/crypto/blake256 v1.0.1 h1:7PltbUIQB7u/FfZ39+DGa/ShuMyJ5ilcvdfma9wOH6Y=
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@@ -223,8 +223,8 @@ github.com/edsrzf/mmap-go v1.0.0/go.mod h1:YO35OhQPt3KJa3ryjFM5Bs14WD66h8eGKpfaB
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@@ -234,12 +234,12 @@ github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.4/go.mod h1:6rpuAdCZL397s3pYoYcLgu1m
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@@ -248,8 +248,8 @@ github.com/fatih/color v1.16.0/go.mod h1:fL2Sau1YI5c0pdGEVCbKQbLXB6edEj1ZgiY4Nij
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@@ -325,8 +325,8 @@ github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.0.3/go.mod h1:xhWf0FNVPg57R7Z0UbKHbJfkEywrmjJnf7w5x
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@@ -373,8 +373,8 @@ github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.0-20170215233205-553a64147049/go.mod h1:/XxbfmMg8l
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@@ -418,7 +418,6 @@ github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20230207041349-798e818bf904/go.mod h1:uglQLonpP8q
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@@ -486,12 +485,10 @@ github.com/hashicorp/serf v0.8.2/go.mod h1:6hOLApaqBFA1NXqRQAsxw9QxuDEvNxSQRwA/J
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@@ -549,8 +546,8 @@ github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.8.0/go.mod h1:1kLL+jV4e+CFfueBmI1dSK2ADDyQnlrnrY/
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@@ -646,8 +643,8 @@ github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20/go.mod h1:W+V8PltTTMOvKvAeJH7IuucS94S2C6jfK/D
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@@ -681,13 +678,11 @@ github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v0.0.0-20160808181253-ca63d7c062ee/go.mod h1:F
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-github.com/mmcloughlin/addchain v0.4.0 h1:SobOdjm2xLj1KkXN5/n0xTIWyZA2+s99UCY1iPfkHRY=
-github.com/mmcloughlin/addchain v0.4.0/go.mod h1:A86O+tHqZLMNO4w6ZZ4FlVQEadcoqkyU72HC5wJ4RlU=
-github.com/mmcloughlin/profile v0.1.1/go.mod h1:IhHD7q1ooxgwTgjxQYkACGA77oFTDdFVejUS1/tS/qU=
 github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180228061459-e0a39a4cb421/go.mod h1:6dJC0mAP4ikYIbvyc7fijjWJddQyLn8Ig3JB5CqoB9Q=
 github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd h1:TRLaZ9cD/w8PVh93nsPXa1VrQ6jlwL5oN8l14QlcNfg=
 github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd/go.mod h1:6dJC0mAP4ikYIbvyc7fijjWJddQyLn8Ig3JB5CqoB9Q=
@@ -995,8 +990,8 @@ github.com/spf13/cobra v0.0.3/go.mod h1:1l0Ry5zgKvJasoi3XT1TypsSe7PqH0Sj9dhYf7v3
 github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman v0.0.0-20170901151539-12bd96e66386/go.mod h1:cQK4TGJAtQXfYWX+Ddv3mKDzgVb68N+wFjFa4jdeBTo=
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.1-0.20170901120850-7aff26db30c1/go.mod h1:DYY7MBk1bdzusC3SYhjObp+wFpr4gzcvqqNjLnInEg4=
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.1/go.mod h1:DYY7MBk1bdzusC3SYhjObp+wFpr4gzcvqqNjLnInEg4=
-github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 h1:iy+VFUOCP1a+8yFto/drg2CJ5u0yRoB7fZw3DKv/JXA=
-github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5/go.mod h1:McXfInJRrz4CZXVZOBLb0bTZqETkiAhM9Iw0y3An2Bg=
+github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6 h1:jFzHGLGAlb3ruxLB8MhbI6A8+AQX/2eW4qeyNZXNp2o=
+github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6/go.mod h1:McXfInJRrz4CZXVZOBLb0bTZqETkiAhM9Iw0y3An2Bg=
 github.com/spf13/viper v1.0.0/go.mod h1:A8kyI5cUJhb8N+3pkfONlcEcZbueH6nhAm0Fq7SrnBM=
 github.com/status-im/keycard-go v0.2.0 h1:QDLFswOQu1r5jsycloeQh3bVU8n/NatHHaZobtDnDzA=
 github.com/status-im/keycard-go v0.2.0/go.mod h1:wlp8ZLbsmrF6g6WjugPAx+IzoLrkdf9+mHxBEeo3Hbg=
@@ -1033,20 +1028,18 @@ github.com/tenntenn/text/transform v0.0.0-20200319021203-7eef512accb3/go.mod h1:
 github.com/thomaso-mirodin/intmath v0.0.0-20160323211736-5dc6d854e46e h1:cR8/SYRgyQCt5cNCMniB/ZScMkhI9nk8U5C7SbISXjo=
 github.com/thomaso-mirodin/intmath v0.0.0-20160323211736-5dc6d854e46e/go.mod h1:Tu4lItkATkonrYuvtVjG0/rhy15qrNGNTjPdaphtZ/8=
 github.com/tjfoc/gmsm v1.3.0/go.mod h1:HaUcFuY0auTiaHB9MHFGCPx5IaLhTUd2atbCFBQXn9w=
-github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf v0.3.13 h1:GBUpcahXSpR2xN01jhkNAbTLRk2Yzgggk8IM08lq3r4=
-github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf v0.3.13/go.mod h1:zwleP4Q4OehZHGn4CYZDipCgg9usW5IJePewFCGVEa0=
-github.com/tklauser/numcpus v0.7.0 h1:yjuerZP127QG9m5Zh/mSO4wqurYil27tHrqwRoRjpr4=
-github.com/tklauser/numcpus v0.7.0/go.mod h1:bb6dMVcj8A42tSE7i32fsIUCbQNllK5iDguyOZRUzAY=
+github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf v0.3.15 h1:VE89k0criAymJ/Os65CSn1IXaol+1wrsFHEB8Ol49K4=
+github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf v0.3.15/go.mod h1:Dmjwr6tYFIseJw7a3dRLJfsHAMXZ3nEnL/aZY+0IuI4=
+github.com/tklauser/numcpus v0.10.0 h1:18njr6LDBk1zuna922MgdjQuJFjrdppsZG60sHGfjso=
+github.com/tklauser/numcpus v0.10.0/go.mod h1:BiTKazU708GQTYF4mB+cmlpT2Is1gLk7XVuEeem8LsQ=
 github.com/tmc/grpc-websocket-proxy v0.0.0-20170815181823-89b8d40f7ca8/go.mod h1:ncp9v5uamzpCO7NfCPTXjqaC+bZgJeR0sMTm6dMHP7U=
 github.com/trailofbits/go-mutexasserts v0.0.0-20250212181730-4c2b8e9e784b h1:EBoYk5zHOfuHDBqLFx4eSPRVcbnW+L3aFJzoCi8zRnk=
 github.com/trailofbits/go-mutexasserts v0.0.0-20250212181730-4c2b8e9e784b/go.mod h1:4R6Qam+w871wOlyRq59zRLjhb5x9/De/wgPeaCTaCwI=
-github.com/umbracle/gohashtree v0.0.2-alpha.0.20230207094856-5b775a815c10 h1:CQh33pStIp/E30b7TxDlXfM0145bn2e8boI30IxAhTg=
-github.com/umbracle/gohashtree v0.0.2-alpha.0.20230207094856-5b775a815c10/go.mod h1:x/Pa0FF5Te9kdrlZKJK82YmAkvL8+f989USgz6Jiw7M=
 github.com/urfave/cli v1.20.0/go.mod h1:70zkFmudgCuE/ngEzBv17Jvp/497gISqfk5gWijbERA=
 github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.1/go.mod h1:Gos4lmkARVdJ6EkW0WaNv/tZAAMe9V7XWyB60NtXRu0=
 github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.2/go.mod h1:Gos4lmkARVdJ6EkW0WaNv/tZAAMe9V7XWyB60NtXRu0=
-github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.5 h1:WoHEJLdsXr6dDWoJgMq/CboDmyY/8HMMH1fTECbih+w=
-github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.5/go.mod h1:3Sevf16NykTbInEnD0yKkjDAeZDS0A6bzhBH5hrMvTQ=
+github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.6 h1:VdRdS98FNhKZ8/Az8B7MTyGQmpIr36O1EHybx/LaZ4g=
+github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.6/go.mod h1:3Sevf16NykTbInEnD0yKkjDAeZDS0A6bzhBH5hrMvTQ=
 github.com/uudashr/gocognit v1.0.5 h1:rrSex7oHr3/pPLQ0xoWq108XMU8s678FJcQ+aSfOHa4=
 github.com/uudashr/gocognit v1.0.5/go.mod h1:wgYz0mitoKOTysqxTDMOUXg+Jb5SvtihkfmugIZYpEA=
 github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0/go.mod h1:6bBcMArwyJ5K/AmCkWv1jt77kVWyCJ6HpOuEn7z0Csc=
@@ -1081,8 +1074,8 @@ github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.1.32/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9de
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.2.1/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.3.5/go.mod h1:mwnBkeHKe2W/ZEtQ+71ViKU8L12m81fl3OWwC1Zlc8k=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.4.13/go.mod h1:6yULJ656Px+3vBD8DxQVa3kxgyrAnzto9xy5taEt/CY=
-github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.3 h1:E1ctvB7uKFMOJw3fdOW32DwGE9I7t++CRUEMKvFoFiw=
-github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.3/go.mod h1:SBZ9tNy3G9/m5Oi98Zks0QjeHVDvuK0qfxQmPyzfmi0=
+github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.4 h1:zFUKzehAFReQwLys1b/iSMl+JQGSCSjtVqQn9bBrPo0=
+github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.4/go.mod h1:SBZ9tNy3G9/m5Oi98Zks0QjeHVDvuK0qfxQmPyzfmi0=
 go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.3/go.mod h1:IbVyRI1SCnLcuJnV2u8VeU0CEYM7e686BmAb1XKL+uU=
 go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.5/go.mod h1:G5EMThwa9y8QZGBClrRx5EY+Yw9kAhnjy3bSjsnlVTQ=
 go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.6 h1:/ecaJf0sk1l4l6V4awd65v2C3ILy7MSj+s/x1ADCIMU=
@@ -1184,8 +1177,8 @@ golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20200119233911-0405dc783f0a/go.mod h1:2RIsYlXP63K8oxa1u0
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20200207192155-f17229e696bd/go.mod h1:J/WKrq2StrnmMY6+EHIKF9dgMWnmCNThgcyBT1FY9mM=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20200224162631-6cc2880d07d6/go.mod h1:3jZMyOhIsHpP37uCMkUooju7aAi5cS1Q23tOzKc+0MU=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20200331195152-e8c3332aa8e5/go.mod h1:4M0jN8W1tt0AVLNr8HDosyJCDCDuyL9N9+3m7wDWgKw=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250128182459-e0ece0dbea4c h1:KL/ZBHXgKGVmuZBZ01Lt57yE5ws8ZPSkkihmEyq7FXc=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250128182459-e0ece0dbea4c/go.mod h1:tujkw807nyEEAamNbDrEGzRav+ilXA7PCRAd6xsmwiU=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250506013437-ce4c2cf36ca6 h1:y5zboxd6LQAqYIhHnB48p0ByQ/GnQx2BE33L8BOHQkI=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250506013437-ce4c2cf36ca6/go.mod h1:U6Lno4MTRCDY+Ba7aCcauB9T60gsv5s4ralQzP72ZoQ=
 golang.org/x/exp/typeparams v0.0.0-20231108232855-2478ac86f678 h1:1P7xPZEwZMoBoz0Yze5Nx2/4pxj6nw9ZqHWXqP0iRgQ=
 golang.org/x/exp/typeparams v0.0.0-20231108232855-2478ac86f678/go.mod h1:AbB0pIl9nAr9wVwH+Z2ZpaocVmF5I4GyWCDIsVjR0bk=
 golang.org/x/image v0.0.0-20190227222117-0694c2d4d067/go.mod h1:kZ7UVZpmo3dzQBMxlp+ypCbDeSB+sBbTgSJuh5dn5js=
@@ -1391,7 +1384,6 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.7.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.8.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.9.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.11.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.14.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.16.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 h1:3yZWxaJjBmCWXqhN1qh02AkOnCQ1poK6oF+a7xWL6Gc=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
@@ -1693,8 +1685,6 @@ lukechampine.com/blake3 v1.3.0/go.mod h1:0OFRp7fBtAylGVCO40o87sbupkyIGgbpv1+M1k1
 rsc.io/binaryregexp v0.2.0/go.mod h1:qTv7/COck+e2FymRvadv62gMdZztPaShugOCi3I+8D8=
 rsc.io/quote/v3 v3.1.0/go.mod h1:yEA65RcK8LyAZtP9Kv3t0HmxON59tX3rD+tICJqUlj0=
 rsc.io/sampler v1.3.0/go.mod h1:T1hPZKmBbMNahiBKFy5HrXp6adAjACjK9JXDnKaTXpA=
-rsc.io/tmplfunc v0.0.3 h1:53XFQh69AfOa8Tw0Jm7t+GV7KZhOi6jzsCzTtKbMvzU=
-rsc.io/tmplfunc v0.0.3/go.mod h1:AG3sTPzElb1Io3Yg4voV9AGZJuleGAwaVRxL9M49PhA=
 sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20221116044647-bc3834ca7abd h1:EDPBXCAspyGV4jQlpZSudPeMmr1bNJefnuqLsRAsHZo=
 sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20221116044647-bc3834ca7abd/go.mod h1:B8JuhiUyNFVKdsE8h686QcCxMaH6HrOAZj4vswFpcB0=
 sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.4.1 h1:150L+0vs/8DA78h1u02ooW1/fFq/Lwr+sGiqlzvrtq4=

runtime/interop/genesis.go

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func GethCancunTime(genesisTime time.Time, cfg *clparams.BeaconChainConfig) *uin
 }
 
 // GethPragueTime calculates the absolute time of the prague (aka electra) fork block
-// by adding the relative time of the capella the fork epoch to the given genesis timestamp.
+// by adding the relative time of the electra fork epoch to the given genesis timestamp.
 func GethPragueTime(genesisTime time.Time, cfg *clparams.BeaconChainConfig) *uint64 {
 	var pragueTime *uint64
 	if cfg.ElectraForkEpoch != math.MaxUint64 {
@@ -128,6 +128,45 @@ func GethOsakaTime(genesisTime time.Time, cfg *clparams.BeaconChainConfig) *uint
 	return osakaTime
 }
 
+// GethBPO1Time calculates the absolute time of the BPO1 activation
+// by finding the first BlobSchedule entry with MaxBlobsPerBlock > 9 (Electra's limit)
+// which corresponds to the first BPO increase.
+func GethBPO1Time(genesisTime time.Time, cfg *clparams.BeaconChainConfig) *uint64 {
+	for _, entry := range cfg.BlobSchedule {
+		// BPO1 is the first entry that increases beyond Electra's 9 blobs
+		if entry.MaxBlobsPerBlock > uint64(cfg.DeprecatedMaxBlobsPerBlockElectra) {
+			startSlot, err := slots.EpochStart(entry.Epoch)
+			if err == nil {
+				startTime := slots.UnsafeStartTime(genesisTime, startSlot)
+				newTime := uint64(startTime.Unix())
+				return &newTime
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GethBPO2Time calculates the absolute time of the BPO2 activation
+// by finding the second BlobSchedule entry with MaxBlobsPerBlock > 9.
+func GethBPO2Time(genesisTime time.Time, cfg *clparams.BeaconChainConfig) *uint64 {
+	count := 0
+	for _, entry := range cfg.BlobSchedule {
+		// Count entries that are beyond Electra's limit
+		if entry.MaxBlobsPerBlock > uint64(cfg.DeprecatedMaxBlobsPerBlockElectra) {
+			count++
+			if count == 2 { // BPO2 is the second such entry
+				startSlot, err := slots.EpochStart(entry.Epoch)
+				if err == nil {
+					startTime := slots.UnsafeStartTime(genesisTime, startSlot)
+					newTime := uint64(startTime.Unix())
+					return &newTime
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // GethTestnetGenesis creates a genesis.json for eth1 clients with a set of defaults suitable for ephemeral testnets,
 // like in an e2e test. The parameters are minimal but the full value is returned unmarshaled so that it can be
 // customized as desired.
@@ -149,6 +188,8 @@ func GethTestnetGenesis(genesis time.Time, cfg *clparams.BeaconChainConfig) *cor
 	if cfg.FuluForkEpoch == 0 {
 		osakaTime = &genesisTime
 	}
+	bpo1Time := GethBPO1Time(genesis, cfg)
+	bpo2Time := GethBPO2Time(genesis, cfg)
 	cc := &params.ChainConfig{
 		ChainID:                 big.NewInt(defaultTestChainId),
 		HomesteadBlock:          bigz,
@@ -171,18 +212,16 @@ func GethTestnetGenesis(genesis time.Time, cfg *clparams.BeaconChainConfig) *cor
 		CancunTime:              cancunTime,
 		PragueTime:              pragueTime,
 		OsakaTime:               osakaTime,
+		BPO1Time:                bpo1Time,
+		BPO2Time:                bpo2Time,
 		DepositContractAddress:  common.HexToAddress(cfg.DepositContractAddress),
 		BlobScheduleConfig: &params.BlobScheduleConfig{
-			Cancun: &params.BlobConfig{
-				Target:         3,
-				Max:            6,
-				UpdateFraction: 3338477,
-			},
-			Prague: &params.BlobConfig{
-				Target:         6,
-				Max:            9,
-				UpdateFraction: 5007716,
-			},
+			Cancun: params.DefaultCancunBlobConfig,
+			Prague: params.DefaultPragueBlobConfig,
+			Osaka:  params.DefaultOsakaBlobConfig,
+			BPO1:   params.DefaultBPO1BlobConfig,
+			BPO2:   params.DefaultBPO2BlobConfig,
+			BPO3:   params.DefaultBPO3BlobConfig,
 		},
 	}
 	da := defaultDepositContractAllocation(cfg.DepositContractAddress)

specrefs/.ethspecify.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-version: v1.7.0-alpha.0
+version: v1.7.0-alpha.1
 style: full
 
 specrefs:
@@ -117,6 +117,8 @@ exceptions:
   dataclasses:
     # Not implemented
     - BlobParameters#fulu
+    - ExpectedWithdrawals#capella
+    - ExpectedWithdrawals#electra
     - LatestMessage#phase0
     - LightClientStore#altair
     - OptimisticStore#bellatrix
@@ -126,6 +128,7 @@ exceptions:
     - LightClientStore#capella
 
     # Not implemented: gloas (future fork)
+    - ExpectedWithdrawals#gloas
     - LatestMessage#gloas
     - Store#gloas
 

specrefs/dataclasses.yml

@@ -34,6 +34,26 @@
         blobs: List[Blob, MAX_BLOB_COMMITMENTS_PER_BLOCK]
     </spec>
 
+- name: ExpectedWithdrawals#capella
+  sources: []
+  spec: |
+    <spec dataclass="ExpectedWithdrawals" fork="capella" hash="73becb4c">
+    class ExpectedWithdrawals(object):
+        withdrawals: Sequence[Withdrawal]
+        processed_sweep_withdrawals_count: uint64
+    </spec>
+
+- name: ExpectedWithdrawals#electra
+  sources: []
+  spec: |
+    <spec dataclass="ExpectedWithdrawals" fork="electra" hash="a3827f01">
+    class ExpectedWithdrawals(object):
+        withdrawals: Sequence[Withdrawal]
+        # [New in Electra:EIP7251]
+        processed_partial_withdrawals_count: uint64
+        processed_sweep_withdrawals_count: uint64
+    </spec>
+
 - name: GetPayloadResponse#bellatrix
   sources:
     - file: consensus-types/blocks/get_payload.go

specrefs/functions.yml

@@ -2366,8 +2366,8 @@
     - file: beacon-chain/state/state-native/getters_withdrawal.go
       search: func (b *BeaconState) ExpectedWithdrawals(
   spec: |
-    <spec fn="get_expected_withdrawals" fork="capella" hash="d6a98c14">
-    def get_expected_withdrawals(state: BeaconState) -> Tuple[Sequence[Withdrawal], uint64]:
+    <spec fn="get_expected_withdrawals" fork="capella" hash="12088347">
+    def get_expected_withdrawals(state: BeaconState) -> ExpectedWithdrawals:
         withdrawal_index = state.next_withdrawal_index
         withdrawals: List[Withdrawal] = []
 
@@ -2377,7 +2377,10 @@
         )
         withdrawals.extend(validators_sweep_withdrawals)
 
-        return withdrawals, processed_validators_sweep_count
+        return ExpectedWithdrawals(
+            withdrawals,
+            processed_validators_sweep_count,
+        )
     </spec>
 
 - name: get_expected_withdrawals#electra
@@ -2385,8 +2388,8 @@
     - file: beacon-chain/state/state-native/getters_withdrawal.go
       search: func (b *BeaconState) ExpectedWithdrawals(
   spec: |
-    <spec fn="get_expected_withdrawals" fork="electra" hash="cfce862b">
-    def get_expected_withdrawals(state: BeaconState) -> Tuple[Sequence[Withdrawal], uint64, uint64]:
+    <spec fn="get_expected_withdrawals" fork="electra" hash="254541e3">
+    def get_expected_withdrawals(state: BeaconState) -> ExpectedWithdrawals:
         withdrawal_index = state.next_withdrawal_index
         withdrawals: List[Withdrawal] = []
 
@@ -2403,8 +2406,12 @@
         )
         withdrawals.extend(validators_sweep_withdrawals)
 
-        # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
-        return withdrawals, processed_partial_withdrawals_count, processed_validators_sweep_count
+        return ExpectedWithdrawals(
+            withdrawals,
+            # [New in Electra:EIP7251]
+            processed_partial_withdrawals_count,
+            processed_validators_sweep_count,
+        )
     </spec>
 
 - name: get_filtered_block_tree
@@ -4932,7 +4939,7 @@
 - name: prepare_execution_payload#capella
   sources: []
   spec: |
-    <spec fn="prepare_execution_payload" fork="capella" hash="c258893e">
+    <spec fn="prepare_execution_payload" fork="capella" hash="998e8b92">
     def prepare_execution_payload(
         state: BeaconState,
         safe_block_hash: Hash32,
@@ -4945,15 +4952,12 @@
         parent_hash = state.latest_execution_payload_header.block_hash
 
         # Set the forkchoice head and initiate the payload build process
-        # [New in Capella]
-        withdrawals, _ = get_expected_withdrawals(state)
-
         payload_attributes = PayloadAttributes(
             timestamp=compute_time_at_slot(state, state.slot),
             prev_randao=get_randao_mix(state, get_current_epoch(state)),
             suggested_fee_recipient=suggested_fee_recipient,
             # [New in Capella]
-            withdrawals=withdrawals,
+            withdrawals=get_expected_withdrawals(state).withdrawals,
         )
         return execution_engine.notify_forkchoice_updated(
             head_block_hash=parent_hash,
@@ -4966,7 +4970,7 @@
 - name: prepare_execution_payload#deneb
   sources: []
   spec: |
-    <spec fn="prepare_execution_payload" fork="deneb" hash="59f61f3a">
+    <spec fn="prepare_execution_payload" fork="deneb" hash="c617aa1b">
     def prepare_execution_payload(
         state: BeaconState,
         safe_block_hash: Hash32,
@@ -4978,13 +4982,11 @@
         parent_hash = state.latest_execution_payload_header.block_hash
 
         # Set the forkchoice head and initiate the payload build process
-        withdrawals, _ = get_expected_withdrawals(state)
-
         payload_attributes = PayloadAttributes(
             timestamp=compute_time_at_slot(state, state.slot),
             prev_randao=get_randao_mix(state, get_current_epoch(state)),
             suggested_fee_recipient=suggested_fee_recipient,
-            withdrawals=withdrawals,
+            withdrawals=get_expected_withdrawals(state).withdrawals,
             # [New in Deneb:EIP4788]
             parent_beacon_block_root=hash_tree_root(state.latest_block_header),
         )
@@ -4999,7 +5001,7 @@
 - name: prepare_execution_payload#electra
   sources: []
   spec: |
-    <spec fn="prepare_execution_payload" fork="electra" hash="5414b883">
+    <spec fn="prepare_execution_payload" fork="electra" hash="c617aa1b">
     def prepare_execution_payload(
         state: BeaconState,
         safe_block_hash: Hash32,
@@ -5010,15 +5012,13 @@
         # Verify consistency of the parent hash with respect to the previous execution payload header
         parent_hash = state.latest_execution_payload_header.block_hash
 
-        # [Modified in EIP7251]
         # Set the forkchoice head and initiate the payload build process
-        withdrawals, _, _ = get_expected_withdrawals(state)
-
         payload_attributes = PayloadAttributes(
             timestamp=compute_time_at_slot(state, state.slot),
             prev_randao=get_randao_mix(state, get_current_epoch(state)),
             suggested_fee_recipient=suggested_fee_recipient,
-            withdrawals=withdrawals,
+            withdrawals=get_expected_withdrawals(state).withdrawals,
+            # [New in Deneb:EIP4788]
             parent_beacon_block_root=hash_tree_root(state.latest_block_header),
         )
         return execution_engine.notify_forkchoice_updated(
@@ -7071,18 +7071,18 @@
     - file: beacon-chain/core/blocks/withdrawals.go
       search: func ProcessWithdrawals(
   spec: |
-    <spec fn="process_withdrawals" fork="capella" hash="901f9fc4">
+    <spec fn="process_withdrawals" fork="capella" hash="47327ef6">
     def process_withdrawals(state: BeaconState, payload: ExecutionPayload) -> None:
         # Get expected withdrawals
-        withdrawals, processed_validators_sweep_count = get_expected_withdrawals(state)
-        assert payload.withdrawals == withdrawals
+        expected = get_expected_withdrawals(state)
+        assert payload.withdrawals == expected.withdrawals
 
         # Apply expected withdrawals
-        apply_withdrawals(state, withdrawals)
+        apply_withdrawals(state, expected.withdrawals)
 
         # Update withdrawals fields in the state
-        update_next_withdrawal_index(state, withdrawals)
-        update_next_withdrawal_validator_index(state, processed_validators_sweep_count)
+        update_next_withdrawal_index(state, expected.withdrawals)
+        update_next_withdrawal_validator_index(state, expected.withdrawals)
     </spec>
 
 - name: process_withdrawals#electra
@@ -7090,23 +7090,20 @@
     - file: beacon-chain/core/blocks/withdrawals.go
       search: func ProcessWithdrawals(
   spec: |
-    <spec fn="process_withdrawals" fork="electra" hash="67870972">
+    <spec fn="process_withdrawals" fork="electra" hash="24a50daa">
     def process_withdrawals(state: BeaconState, payload: ExecutionPayload) -> None:
-        # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
         # Get expected withdrawals
-        withdrawals, processed_partial_withdrawals_count, processed_validators_sweep_count = (
-            get_expected_withdrawals(state)
-        )
-        assert payload.withdrawals == withdrawals
+        expected = get_expected_withdrawals(state)
+        assert payload.withdrawals == expected.withdrawals
 
         # Apply expected withdrawals
-        apply_withdrawals(state, withdrawals)
+        apply_withdrawals(state, expected.withdrawals)
 
         # Update withdrawals fields in the state
-        update_next_withdrawal_index(state, withdrawals)
+        update_next_withdrawal_index(state, expected.withdrawals)
         # [New in Electra:EIP7251]
-        update_pending_partial_withdrawals(state, processed_partial_withdrawals_count)
-        update_next_withdrawal_validator_index(state, processed_validators_sweep_count)
+        update_pending_partial_withdrawals(state, expected.processed_partial_withdrawals_count)
+        update_next_withdrawal_validator_index(state, expected.withdrawals)
     </spec>
 
 - name: queue_excess_active_balance

testing/endtoend/BUILD.bazel

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ load("@prysm//tools/go:def.bzl", "go_test")
 # gazelle:exclude mainnet_scenario_e2e_test.go
 # gazelle:exclude minimal_scenario_e2e_test.go
 # gazelle:exclude minimal_builder_e2e_test.go
+# gazelle:exclude minimal_postmerge_e2e_test.go
 
 # Presubmit tests represent the group of endtoend tests that are run on pull
 # requests and must be passing before a pull request can merge.
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ test_suite(
     ],
     tests = [
         ":go_builder_test",
+        ":go_minimal_postmerge_test",
         ":go_mainnet_test",
     ],
 )
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ common_deps = [
 # gazelle:ignore
 go_test(
     name = "go_default_test",
-    size = "large",
+    size = "enormous",
     testonly = True,
     srcs = [
         "component_handler_test.go",
@@ -153,6 +155,39 @@ go_test(
     deps = common_deps,
 )
 
+# Full e2e test from post-merge (Bellatrix) through all forks (post-submit only, takes longer)
+go_test(
+    name = "go_minimal_postmerge_test",
+    size = "enormous",
+    testonly = True,
+    srcs = [
+        "component_handler_test.go",
+        "endtoend_setup_test.go",
+        "endtoend_test.go",
+        "minimal_postmerge_e2e_test.go",
+    ],
+    args = ["-test.v"],
+    data = [
+        "//:prysm_sh",
+        "//cmd/beacon-chain",
+        "//cmd/validator",
+        "//config/params:custom_configs",
+        "//tools/bootnode",
+        "@com_github_ethereum_go_ethereum//cmd/geth",
+        "@web3signer",
+    ],
+    eth_network = "minimal",
+    flaky = True,
+    shard_count = 2,
+    tags = [
+        "e2e",
+        "manual",
+        "minimal",
+        "requires-network",
+    ],
+    deps = common_deps,
+)
+
 go_test(
     name = "go_mainnet_test",
     size = "large",

testing/endtoend/components/eth1/BUILD.bazel

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ go_library(
     importpath = "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/endtoend/components/eth1",
     visibility = ["//testing/endtoend:__subpackages__"],
     deps = [
+        "//beacon-chain/startup:go_default_library",
         "//config/fieldparams:go_default_library",
         "//config/params:go_default_library",
         "//contracts/deposit:go_default_library",
@@ -38,8 +39,6 @@ go_library(
         "@com_github_ethereum_go_ethereum//ethclient/gethclient:go_default_library",
         "@com_github_ethereum_go_ethereum//rpc:go_default_library",
         "@com_github_holiman_uint256//:go_default_library",
-        "@com_github_mariusvanderwijden_fuzzyvm//filler:go_default_library",
-        "@com_github_mariusvanderwijden_tx_fuzz//:go_default_library",
         "@com_github_pkg_errors//:go_default_library",
         "@com_github_sirupsen_logrus//:go_default_library",
         "@io_bazel_rules_go//go/tools/bazel:go_default_library",

testing/endtoend/components/eth1/depositor.go

@@ -267,6 +267,10 @@ func (d *Depositor) txops(ctx context.Context) (*bind.TransactOpts, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	txo.Nonce = big.NewInt(0).SetUint64(nonce)
+	// Set a high gas price to ensure deposit transactions can replace any pending
+	// transactions from the transaction generator that may be using the same nonce.
+	// The transaction generator uses 1e11 (100 Gwei), so we use 2e11 (200 Gwei).
+	txo.GasPrice = big.NewInt(2e11)
 	return txo, nil
 }
 

testing/endtoend/components/eth1/helpers.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package eth1
 import (
 	"context"
 	"math/big"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/endtoend/params"
@@ -31,10 +32,6 @@ var _ e2etypes.EngineProxy = (*Proxy)(nil)
 
 // WaitForBlocks waits for a certain amount of blocks to be mined by the ETH1 chain before returning.
 func WaitForBlocks(ctx context.Context, web3 *ethclient.Client, key *keystore.Key, blocksToWait uint64) error {
-	nonce, err := web3.PendingNonceAt(ctx, key.Address)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 	chainID, err := web3.NetworkID(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -49,19 +46,36 @@ func WaitForBlocks(ctx context.Context, web3 *ethclient.Client, key *keystore.Ke
 		if ctx.Err() != nil {
 			return ctx.Err()
 		}
+		// Get fresh nonce each iteration to handle any pending transactions
+		nonce, err := web3.PendingNonceAt(ctx, key.Address)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 		gasPrice, err := web3.SuggestGasPrice(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		// Bump gas price by 20% to ensure we can replace any pending transactions
+		gasPrice = new(big.Int).Mul(gasPrice, big.NewInt(120))
+		gasPrice = new(big.Int).Div(gasPrice, big.NewInt(100))
+
 		spamTX := types.NewTransaction(nonce, key.Address, big.NewInt(0), params.SpamTxGasLimit, gasPrice, []byte{})
 		signed, err := types.SignTx(spamTX, types.NewEIP155Signer(chainID), key.PrivateKey)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		if err = web3.SendTransaction(ctx, signed); err != nil {
+			// If replacement error, try again with next iteration which will get fresh nonce
+			if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "replacement transaction underpriced") {
+				time.Sleep(timeGapPerMiningTX)
+				block, err = web3.BlockByNumber(ctx, nil)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				continue
+			}
 			return err
 		}
-		nonce++
 		time.Sleep(timeGapPerMiningTX)
 		block, err = web3.BlockByNumber(ctx, nil)
 		if err != nil {

testing/endtoend/components/eth1/transactions.go

@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/MariusVanDerWijden/FuzzyVM/filler"
-	txfuzz "github.com/MariusVanDerWijden/tx-fuzz"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/beacon-chain/startup"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/crypto/rand"
@@ -35,11 +34,12 @@ const txCount = 20
 var fundedAccount *keystore.Key
 
 type TransactionGenerator struct {
-	keystore string
-	seed     int64
-	started  chan struct{}
-	cancel   context.CancelFunc
-	paused   bool
+	keystore      string
+	seed          int64
+	started       chan struct{}
+	cancel        context.CancelFunc
+	paused        bool
+	useLargeBlobs bool // Use large blob transactions (6 blobs per tx) for BPO testing
 }
 
 func (t *TransactionGenerator) UnderlyingProcess() *os.Process {
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ func (t *TransactionGenerator) UnderlyingProcess() *os.Process {
 	return &os.Process{}
 }
 
-func NewTransactionGenerator(keystore string, seed int64) *TransactionGenerator {
-	return &TransactionGenerator{keystore: keystore, seed: seed}
+func NewTransactionGenerator(keystore string, seed int64, useLargeBlobs bool) *TransactionGenerator {
+	return &TransactionGenerator{keystore: keystore, seed: seed, useLargeBlobs: useLargeBlobs}
 }
 
 func (t *TransactionGenerator) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func (t *TransactionGenerator) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 	newGen := rand.NewDeterministicGenerator()
 	if seed == 0 {
 		seed = newGen.Int63()
-		logrus.Infof("Seed for transaction generator is: %d", seed)
+		logrus.WithField("Seed", seed).Info("Transaction generator")
 	}
 	// Set seed so that all transactions can be
 	// deterministically generated.
@@ -86,12 +86,21 @@ func (t *TransactionGenerator) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	fundedAccount = newKey
-	rnd := make([]byte, 10000)
-	_, err = mathRand.Read(rnd) // #nosec G404
-	if err != nil {
+	// Ensure funding tx is mined before generating txs that rely on balance.
+	// Mine 1 block using the miner key to include the funding transfer.
+	backend := ethclient.NewClient(client)
+	defer backend.Close()
+
+	if err := WaitForBlocks(ctx, backend, mineKey, 1); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to mine block for funding tx")
+	}
+
+	// Ensure the funded account has a comfortable minimum balance for blob and fuzzed txs.
+	minWei := new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(1000), big.NewInt(0).SetUint64(params.BeaconConfig().GweiPerEth))
+	minWei.Mul(minWei, big.NewInt(1e9)) // 1000 ETH in wei
+	if err := ensureMinBalance(ctx, client, backend, mineKey, fundedAccount, minWei); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	f := filler.NewFiller(rnd)
 	// Broadcast Transactions every slot
 	txPeriod := time.Duration(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot) * time.Second
 	ticker := time.NewTicker(txPeriod)
@@ -105,7 +114,7 @@ func (t *TransactionGenerator) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 				continue
 			}
 			backend := ethclient.NewClient(client)
-			err = SendTransaction(client, mineKey.PrivateKey, f, gasPrice, mineKey.Address.String(), txCount, backend, false)
+			err = SendTransaction(client, mineKey.PrivateKey, gasPrice, mineKey.Address.String(), txCount, backend, false, t.useLargeBlobs)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -119,7 +128,7 @@ func (s *TransactionGenerator) Started() <-chan struct{} {
 	return s.started
 }
 
-func SendTransaction(client *rpc.Client, key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, f *filler.Filler, gasPrice *big.Int, addr string, N uint64, backend *ethclient.Client, al bool) error {
+func SendTransaction(client *rpc.Client, key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, gasPrice *big.Int, addr string, txCount uint64, backend *ethclient.Client, al bool, useLargeBlobs bool) error {
 	sender := common.HexToAddress(addr)
 	nonce, err := backend.PendingNonceAt(context.Background(), fundedAccount.Address)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -136,30 +145,63 @@ func SendTransaction(client *rpc.Client, key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, f *filler.Filler
 	if expectedPrice.Cmp(gasPrice) > 0 {
 		gasPrice = expectedPrice
 	}
+
+	// Check if we're post-Fulu fork
+	clock := startup.NewClock(e2e.TestParams.CLGenesisTime, [32]byte{})
+	isPostFulu := clock.CurrentEpoch() >= params.BeaconConfig().FuluForkEpoch
+
 	g, _ := errgroup.WithContext(context.Background())
 	txs := make([]*types.Transaction, 10)
-	for i := range uint64(10) {
-		index := i
-		g.Go(func() error {
-			tx, err := RandomBlobTx(client, f, fundedAccount.Address, nonce+index, gasPrice, chainid, al)
-			if err != nil {
-				logrus.WithError(err).Error("Could not create blob tx")
-				// In the event the transaction constructed is not valid, we continue with the routine
-				// rather than complete stop it.
-				//nolint:nilerr
+
+	// Send blob transactions - use different versions pre/post Fulu
+	if isPostFulu {
+		logrus.Info("Sending blob transactions with cell proofs")
+		// Reduced from 10 to 5 to reduce load and prevent builder/EL timeouts
+		for index := range uint64(5) {
+
+			g.Go(func() error {
+				tx, err := RandomBlobCellTx(client, fundedAccount.Address, nonce+index, gasPrice, chainid, al, useLargeBlobs)
+				if err != nil {
+					return errors.Wrap(err, "Could not create blob cell tx")
+				}
+
+				signedTx, err := types.SignTx(tx, types.NewCancunSigner(chainid), fundedAccount.PrivateKey)
+				if err != nil {
+					return errors.Wrap(err, "Could not sign blob cell tx")
+				}
+
+				txs[index] = signedTx
 				return nil
-			}
-			signedTx, err := types.SignTx(tx, types.NewCancunSigner(chainid), fundedAccount.PrivateKey)
-			if err != nil {
-				logrus.WithError(err).Error("Could not sign blob tx")
-				// We continue on in the event there is a reason we can't sign this
-				// transaction(unlikely).
-				//nolint:nilerr
+			})
+		}
+	} else {
+		logrus.Info("Sending blob transactions with sidecars")
+		// Reduced from 10 to 5 to reduce load and prevent builder/EL timeouts
+		for index := range uint64(5) {
+
+			g.Go(func() error {
+				tx, err := RandomBlobTx(client, fundedAccount.Address, nonce+index, gasPrice, chainid, al, useLargeBlobs)
+				if err != nil {
+					logrus.WithError(err).Error("Could not create blob tx")
+					// In the event the transaction constructed is not valid, we continue with the routine
+					// rather than complete stop it.
+					//nolint:nilerr
+					return nil
+				}
+
+				signedTx, err := types.SignTx(tx, types.NewCancunSigner(chainid), fundedAccount.PrivateKey)
+				if err != nil {
+					logrus.WithError(err).Error("Could not sign blob tx")
+					// We continue on in the event there is a reason we can't sign this
+					// transaction(unlikely).
+					//nolint:nilerr
+					return nil
+				}
+
+				txs[index] = signedTx
 				return nil
-			}
-			txs[index] = signedTx
-			return nil
-		})
+			})
+		}
 	}
 
 	if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
@@ -169,6 +211,7 @@ func SendTransaction(client *rpc.Client, key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, f *filler.Filler
 		if tx == nil {
 			continue
 		}
+
 		err = backend.SendTransaction(context.Background(), tx)
 		if err != nil {
 			// Do nothing
@@ -181,17 +224,20 @@ func SendTransaction(client *rpc.Client, key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, f *filler.Filler
 		return err
 	}
 
-	txs = make([]*types.Transaction, N)
-	for i := range N {
-		index := i
+	txs = make([]*types.Transaction, txCount)
+	for index := range txCount {
+
 		g.Go(func() error {
-			tx, err := txfuzz.RandomValidTx(client, f, sender, nonce+index, gasPrice, chainid, al)
+			tx, err := randomValidTx(sender, nonce+index, gasPrice, chainid, al)
 			if err != nil {
 				// In the event the transaction constructed is not valid, we continue with the routine
 				// rather than complete stop it.
 				//nolint:nilerr
 				return nil
 			}
+			// Clamp gas to avoid exceeding common EL per-tx gas caps (e.g. 16,777,216) due to EIP-7825: Transaction Gas Limit Cap
+			tx = clampTxGas(tx, 16_000_000)
+
 			signedTx, err := types.SignTx(tx, types.NewLondonSigner(chainid), key)
 			if err != nil {
 				// We continue on in the event there is a reason we can't sign this
@@ -237,11 +283,13 @@ func (t *TransactionGenerator) Stop() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func RandomBlobTx(rpc *rpc.Client, f *filler.Filler, sender common.Address, nonce uint64, gasPrice, chainID *big.Int, al bool) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+func RandomBlobCellTx(rpc *rpc.Client, sender common.Address, nonce uint64, gasPrice, chainID *big.Int, al bool, useLargeBlobs bool) (*types.Transaction, error) {
 	// Set fields if non-nil
 	if rpc != nil {
 		client := ethclient.NewClient(rpc)
+
 		var err error
+
 		if gasPrice == nil {
 			gasPrice, err = client.SuggestGasPrice(context.Background())
 			if err != nil {
@@ -255,27 +303,133 @@ func RandomBlobTx(rpc *rpc.Client, f *filler.Filler, sender common.Address, nonc
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
 	gas := uint64(100000)
 	to := randomAddress()
-	code := txfuzz.RandomCode(f)
+	// Generate random EVM bytecode (similar to what tx-fuzz RandomCode did)
+	code := generateRandomEVMCode(mathRand.Intn(128)) // #nosec G404
 	value := big.NewInt(0)
-	if len(code) > 128 {
-		code = code[:128]
-	}
+
 	mod := 2
 	if al {
 		mod = 1
 	}
-	switch f.Byte() % byte(mod) {
+
+	// Helper to get blob data based on config
+	getBlobData := func() ([]byte, error) {
+		if useLargeBlobs {
+			return randomBlobDataLarge()
+		}
+		return randomBlobData()
+	}
+
+	// #nosec G404 -- Test code uses deterministic randomness
+	switch mathRand.Intn(mod) {
 	case 0:
-		// 4844 transaction without AL
+		// Blob transaction with cell proofs (Version 1 sidecar)
 		tip, feecap, err := getCaps(rpc, gasPrice)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "getCaps")
 		}
-		data, err := randomBlobData()
+
+		data, err := getBlobData()
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "randomBlobData")
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "getBlobData")
+		}
+
+		return New4844CellTx(nonce, &to, gas, chainID, tip, feecap, value, code, big.NewInt(1000000), data, make(types.AccessList, 0))
+	case 1:
+		// Blob transaction with cell proofs and access list
+		tx := types.NewTx(&types.LegacyTx{
+			Nonce:    nonce,
+			To:       &to,
+			Value:    value,
+			Gas:      gas,
+			GasPrice: gasPrice,
+			Data:     code,
+		})
+
+		// Use legacy GasPrice for access list simulation to satisfy post-London requirement.
+		msg := ethereum.CallMsg{
+			From:       sender,
+			To:         tx.To(),
+			Gas:        tx.Gas(),
+			GasPrice:   gasPrice,
+			Value:      tx.Value(),
+			Data:       tx.Data(),
+			AccessList: nil,
+		}
+		geth := gethclient.New(rpc)
+
+		al, _, _, err := geth.CreateAccessList(context.Background(), msg)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "CreateAccessList")
+		}
+		tip, feecap, err := getCaps(rpc, gasPrice)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "getCaps")
+		}
+		data, err := getBlobData()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "getBlobData")
+		}
+
+		return New4844CellTx(nonce, &to, gas, chainID, tip, feecap, value, code, big.NewInt(1000000), data, *al)
+	}
+
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func RandomBlobTx(rpc *rpc.Client, sender common.Address, nonce uint64, gasPrice, chainID *big.Int, al bool, useLargeBlobs bool) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	// Set fields if non-nil
+	if rpc != nil {
+		client := ethclient.NewClient(rpc)
+		var err error
+		if gasPrice == nil {
+			gasPrice, err = client.SuggestGasPrice(context.Background())
+			if err != nil {
+				gasPrice = big.NewInt(1)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if chainID == nil {
+			chainID, err = client.ChainID(context.Background())
+			if err != nil {
+				chainID = big.NewInt(1)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	gas := uint64(100000)
+	to := randomAddress()
+	// Generate random EVM bytecode (similar to what tx-fuzz RandomCode did)
+	code := generateRandomEVMCode(mathRand.Intn(128)) // #nosec G404
+	value := big.NewInt(0)
+	mod := 2
+	if al {
+		mod = 1
+	}
+
+	// Helper to get blob data based on config
+	getBlobData := func() ([]byte, error) {
+		if useLargeBlobs {
+			return randomBlobDataLarge()
+		}
+		return randomBlobData()
+	}
+
+	// #nosec G404 -- Test code uses deterministic randomness
+	switch mathRand.Intn(mod) {
+	case 0:
+		// 4844 transaction without AL
+
+		tip, feecap, err := getCaps(rpc, gasPrice)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "getCaps")
+		}
+
+		data, err := getBlobData()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "getBlobData")
 		}
 		return New4844Tx(nonce, &to, gas, chainID, tip, feecap, value, code, big.NewInt(1000000), data, make(types.AccessList, 0)), nil
 	case 1:
@@ -289,18 +443,18 @@ func RandomBlobTx(rpc *rpc.Client, f *filler.Filler, sender common.Address, nonc
 			Data:     code,
 		})
 
-		// TODO: replace call with al, err := txfuzz.CreateAccessList(rpc, tx, sender) when txfuzz is fixed in new release
-		// an error occurs mentioning error="CreateAccessList: both gasPrice and (maxFeePerGas or maxPriorityFeePerGas) specified"
+		// Use legacy GasPrice for access list simulation to satisfy post-London requirement.
 		msg := ethereum.CallMsg{
 			From:       sender,
 			To:         tx.To(),
 			Gas:        tx.Gas(),
-			GasPrice:   tx.GasPrice(),
+			GasPrice:   gasPrice,
 			Value:      tx.Value(),
 			Data:       tx.Data(),
 			AccessList: nil,
 		}
 		geth := gethclient.New(rpc)
+
 		al, _, _, err := geth.CreateAccessList(context.Background(), msg)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "CreateAccessList")
@@ -309,15 +463,52 @@ func RandomBlobTx(rpc *rpc.Client, f *filler.Filler, sender common.Address, nonc
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "getCaps")
 		}
-		data, err := randomBlobData()
+		data, err := getBlobData()
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "randomBlobData")
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "getBlobData")
 		}
 		return New4844Tx(nonce, &to, gas, chainID, tip, feecap, value, code, big.NewInt(1000000), data, *al), nil
 	}
 	return nil, errors.New("asdf")
 }
 
+func New4844CellTx(nonce uint64, to *common.Address, gasLimit uint64, chainID, tip, feeCap, value *big.Int, code []byte, blobFeeCap *big.Int, blobData []byte, al types.AccessList) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	blobs, comms, _, versionedHashes, err := EncodeBlobs(blobData)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to encode blobs")
+	}
+
+	// Create a Version 0 sidecar first
+	sidecar := &types.BlobTxSidecar{
+		Version:     types.BlobSidecarVersion0,
+		Blobs:       blobs,
+		Commitments: comms,
+		Proofs:      make([]kzg4844.Proof, len(blobs)), // Placeholder, will be replaced by ToV1
+	}
+
+	// Convert to Version 1 which will compute and attach cell proofs
+	if err := sidecar.ToV1(); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to convert sidecar to V1")
+	}
+
+	tx := types.NewTx(&types.BlobTx{
+		ChainID:    uint256.MustFromBig(chainID),
+		Nonce:      nonce,
+		GasTipCap:  uint256.MustFromBig(tip),
+		GasFeeCap:  uint256.MustFromBig(feeCap),
+		Gas:        gasLimit,
+		To:         *to,
+		Value:      uint256.MustFromBig(value),
+		Data:       code,
+		AccessList: al,
+		BlobFeeCap: uint256.MustFromBig(blobFeeCap),
+		BlobHashes: versionedHashes,
+		Sidecar:    sidecar,
+	})
+
+	return tx, nil
+}
+
 func New4844Tx(nonce uint64, to *common.Address, gasLimit uint64, chainID, tip, feeCap, value *big.Int, code []byte, blobFeeCap *big.Int, blobData []byte, al types.AccessList) *types.Transaction {
 	blobs, comms, proofs, versionedHashes, err := EncodeBlobs(blobData)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -344,15 +535,91 @@ func New4844Tx(nonce uint64, to *common.Address, gasLimit uint64, chainID, tip,
 	return tx
 }
 
+// clampTxGas returns a copy of tx with Gas reduced to cap if it exceeds cap.
+// This avoids EL errors like "transaction gas limit too high" on networks with
+// per-transaction gas caps (commonly ~16,777,216).
+func clampTxGas(tx *types.Transaction, gasCap uint64) *types.Transaction {
+	if tx == nil || tx.Gas() <= gasCap {
+		return tx
+	}
+
+	to := tx.To()
+	switch tx.Type() {
+	case types.LegacyTxType:
+		return types.NewTx(&types.LegacyTx{
+			Nonce:    tx.Nonce(),
+			To:       to,
+			Value:    tx.Value(),
+			Gas:      gasCap,
+			GasPrice: tx.GasPrice(),
+			Data:     tx.Data(),
+		})
+	case types.AccessListTxType:
+		return types.NewTx(&types.AccessListTx{
+			ChainID:    tx.ChainId(),
+			Nonce:      tx.Nonce(),
+			To:         to,
+			Value:      tx.Value(),
+			Gas:        gasCap,
+			GasPrice:   tx.GasPrice(),
+			Data:       tx.Data(),
+			AccessList: tx.AccessList(),
+		})
+	case types.DynamicFeeTxType:
+		return types.NewTx(&types.DynamicFeeTx{
+			ChainID:    tx.ChainId(),
+			Nonce:      tx.Nonce(),
+			To:         to,
+			Value:      tx.Value(),
+			Gas:        gasCap,
+			Data:       tx.Data(),
+			AccessList: tx.AccessList(),
+			GasTipCap:  tx.GasTipCap(),
+			GasFeeCap:  tx.GasFeeCap(),
+		})
+	case types.BlobTxType:
+		// Leave blob txs unchanged here; blob tx construction paths set gas explicitly.
+		return tx
+	default:
+		return tx
+	}
+}
+
+// ensureMinBalance tops up dest account from miner if its balance is below minWei.
+func ensureMinBalance(ctx context.Context, rpcCli *rpc.Client, backend *ethclient.Client, minerKey, destKey *keystore.Key, minWei *big.Int) error {
+	bal, err := backend.BalanceAt(ctx, destKey.Address, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if bal.Cmp(minWei) >= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := fundAccount(rpcCli, minerKey, destKey); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := WaitForBlocks(ctx, backend, minerKey, 1); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to mine block for top-up tx")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func encodeBlobs(data []byte) []kzg4844.Blob {
 	blobs := []kzg4844.Blob{{}}
 	blobIndex := 0
 	fieldIndex := -1
 	numOfElems := fieldparams.BlobLength / 32
+	// Allow up to 6 blobs per transaction to properly test BPO limits.
+	// With 10 blob txs per slot × 6 blobs = 60 max blobs submitted,
+	// which exceeds the highest BPO limit (21) and ensures we can hit it.
+	const maxBlobsPerTx = 6
 	for i := 0; i < len(data); i += 31 {
 		fieldIndex++
 		if fieldIndex == numOfElems {
-			if blobIndex >= 1 {
+			if blobIndex >= maxBlobsPerTx-1 {
 				break
 			}
 			blobs = append(blobs, kzg4844.Blob{})
@@ -405,6 +672,7 @@ func kZGToVersionedHash(kzg kzg4844.Commitment) common.Hash {
 }
 
 func randomBlobData() ([]byte, error) {
+	// Generate random data for up to 1 blob. This is used for pre-Fulu tests.
 	size := mathRand.Intn(fieldparams.BlobSize) // #nosec G404
 	data := make([]byte, size)
 	n, err := mathRand.Read(data) // #nosec G404
@@ -417,6 +685,29 @@ func randomBlobData() ([]byte, error) {
 	return data, nil
 }
 
+// randomBlobDataLarge generates 6 blobs worth of data for BPO testing.
+// This is used post-Fulu to ensure we can test increased blob limits.
+// With 5 blob txs per slot × 6 blobs = 30 max blobs submitted,
+// which exceeds the highest BPO limit (21) and ensures we can hit it.
+// The data is mostly zeros with only the first 1KB randomized for uniqueness,
+// which is sufficient for testing without the overhead of generating ~786KB of random data.
+func randomBlobDataLarge() ([]byte, error) {
+	const numBlobs = 6
+	size := (numBlobs-1)*fieldparams.BlobSize + 1
+	data := make([]byte, size) // Zero-initialized by Go
+
+	// Only randomize first 1KB for uniqueness - no need for full randomness in tests
+	const randomSize = 1024
+	n, err := mathRand.Read(data[:randomSize]) // #nosec G404
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if n != randomSize {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not create random blob data: %w", err)
+	}
+	return data, nil
+}
+
 func randomAddress() common.Address {
 	rNum := mathRand.Int31n(5) // #nosec G404
 	switch rNum {
@@ -468,7 +759,8 @@ func fundAccount(client *rpc.Client, sourceKey, destKey *keystore.Key) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	val, ok := big.NewInt(0).SetString("10000000000000000000000000", 10)
+	// Increased funding to 100 million ETH to handle extended test runs with blob transactions
+	val, ok := big.NewInt(0).SetString("100000000000000000000000000", 10)
 	if !ok {
 		return errors.New("could not set big int for value")
 	}
@@ -479,3 +771,132 @@ func fundAccount(client *rpc.Client, sourceKey, destKey *keystore.Key) error {
 	}
 	return backend.SendTransaction(context.Background(), signedTx)
 }
+
+// generateRandomEVMCode generates random but valid-looking EVM bytecode
+// This mimics what tx-fuzz's RandomCode did (which used FuzzyVM's generator)
+func generateRandomEVMCode(maxLen int) []byte {
+	if maxLen == 0 {
+		return []byte{}
+	}
+
+	// Common EVM opcodes that are safe for testing
+	// Including: PUSH, DUP, SWAP, arithmetic, logic, and STOP
+	safeOpcodes := []byte{
+		0x00, // STOP
+		0x01, // ADD
+		0x02, // MUL
+		0x03, // SUB
+		0x04, // DIV
+		0x10, // LT
+		0x11, // GT
+		0x14, // EQ
+		0x16, // AND
+		0x17, // OR
+		0x18, // XOR
+		0x50, // POP
+		0x52, // MSTORE
+		0x54, // SLOAD
+		0x55, // SSTORE
+		0x56, // JUMP
+		0x57, // JUMPI
+		0x58, // PC
+		0x59, // MSIZE
+		0x5A, // GAS
+		0x60, // PUSH1
+		0x80, // DUP1
+		0x90, // SWAP1
+	}
+
+	code := make([]byte, 0, maxLen)
+	for i := 0; i < maxLen; i++ {
+		opcode := safeOpcodes[mathRand.Intn(len(safeOpcodes))] // #nosec G404
+		code = append(code, opcode)
+
+		// If PUSH1, add a random byte
+		if opcode == 0x60 && i+1 < maxLen {
+			code = append(code, byte(mathRand.Intn(256))) // #nosec G404
+			i++
+		}
+	}
+
+	return code
+}
+
+// randomValidTx generates a random valid transaction
+// This replaces tx-fuzz's RandomValidTx functionality
+func randomValidTx(sender common.Address, nonce uint64, gasPrice, chainID *big.Int, forceAccessList bool) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	gas := uint64(21000 + mathRand.Intn(100000)) // #nosec G404
+	to := randomAddress()
+	code := generateRandomEVMCode(mathRand.Intn(256)) // #nosec G404
+	value := big.NewInt(0)
+
+	// Randomly choose transaction type
+	// 0: Legacy, 1: AccessList, 2: DynamicFee
+	txType := mathRand.Intn(3) // #nosec G404
+	if forceAccessList {
+		txType = 1 // Force AccessList type
+	}
+
+	switch txType {
+	case 0:
+		// Legacy transaction
+		return types.NewTx(&types.LegacyTx{
+			Nonce:    nonce,
+			To:       &to,
+			Value:    value,
+			Gas:      gas,
+			GasPrice: gasPrice,
+			Data:     code,
+		}), nil
+	case 1:
+		// AccessList transaction
+		accessList := make(types.AccessList, 0)
+		// Optionally add some random access list entries
+		// #nosec G404 -- Test code uses deterministic randomness
+		if mathRand.Intn(2) == 0 {
+			// #nosec G404 -- Test code uses deterministic randomness
+			numEntries := mathRand.Intn(3) + 1
+			for range numEntries {
+				addr := randomAddress()
+				storageKeys := make([]common.Hash, mathRand.Intn(3)) // #nosec G404
+				for j := range storageKeys {
+					b := make([]byte, 32)
+					_, _ = mathRand.Read(b) // #nosec G404
+					storageKeys[j] = common.BytesToHash(b)
+				}
+				accessList = append(accessList, types.AccessTuple{
+					Address:     addr,
+					StorageKeys: storageKeys,
+				})
+			}
+		}
+		return types.NewTx(&types.AccessListTx{
+			ChainID:    chainID,
+			Nonce:      nonce,
+			To:         &to,
+			Value:      value,
+			Gas:        gas,
+			GasPrice:   gasPrice,
+			Data:       code,
+			AccessList: accessList,
+		}), nil
+	case 2:
+		// DynamicFee transaction (EIP-1559)
+		tip := new(big.Int).Div(gasPrice, big.NewInt(10)) // 10% tip
+		feeCap := new(big.Int).Add(gasPrice, tip)
+		accessList := make(types.AccessList, 0)
+		return types.NewTx(&types.DynamicFeeTx{
+			ChainID:    chainID,
+			Nonce:      nonce,
+			To:         &to,
+			Value:      value,
+			Gas:        gas,
+			GasTipCap:  tip,
+			GasFeeCap:  feeCap,
+			Data:       code,
+			AccessList: accessList,
+		}), nil
+	}
+
+	return nil, errors.New("invalid transaction type")
+}

testing/endtoend/endtoend_setup_test.go

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ func e2eMinimal(t *testing.T, cfg *params.BeaconChainConfig, cfgo ...types.E2ECo
 	require.NoError(t, e2eParams.Init(t, e2eParams.StandardBeaconCount))
 
 	var err error
-	epochsToRun := 16
+	epochsToRun := 18
 	epochStr, longRunning := os.LookupEnv("E2E_EPOCHS")
 	if longRunning {
 		epochsToRun, err = strconv.Atoi(epochStr)
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ func e2eMinimal(t *testing.T, cfg *params.BeaconChainConfig, cfgo ...types.E2ECo
 	}
 	tracingPort := e2eParams.TestParams.Ports.JaegerTracingPort
 	tracingEndpoint := fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", tracingPort)
+	// Default exit epoch used for voluntary exit tests.
+	// Can be overridden via WithExitEpoch option for shorter test runs.
+	exitEpoch := primitives.Epoch(7)
+
 	evals := []types.Evaluator{
 		ev.PeersConnect,
 		ev.HealthzCheck,
@@ -44,10 +48,7 @@ func e2eMinimal(t *testing.T, cfg *params.BeaconChainConfig, cfgo ...types.E2ECo
 		ev.FinalizationOccurs(3),
 		ev.VerifyBlockGraffiti,
 		ev.PeersCheck,
-		ev.ProposeVoluntaryExit,
-		ev.ValidatorsHaveExited,
-		ev.SubmitWithdrawal,
-		ev.ValidatorsHaveWithdrawn,
+		// Exit-related evaluators are added after processing options to allow custom exit epoch.
 		ev.ProcessesDepositsInBlocks,
 		ev.ActivatesDepositedValidators,
 		ev.DepositedValidatorsAreActive,
@@ -64,6 +65,11 @@ func e2eMinimal(t *testing.T, cfg *params.BeaconChainConfig, cfgo ...types.E2ECo
 	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.CapellaForkEpoch, ev.CapellaForkTransition)
 	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.DenebForkEpoch, ev.DenebForkTransition)
 	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.ElectraForkEpoch, ev.ElectraForkTransition)
+	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.FuluForkEpoch, ev.FuluForkTransition)
+	// Blob evaluators - run from Deneb onwards
+	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.DenebForkEpoch, ev.BlobsIncludedInBlocks)
+	// BPO (Blob Parameter Optimization) evaluator - runs from Fulu onwards
+	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.FuluForkEpoch, ev.BlobLimitsRespected)
 
 	testConfig := &types.E2EConfig{
 		BeaconFlags: []string{
@@ -87,6 +93,18 @@ func e2eMinimal(t *testing.T, cfg *params.BeaconChainConfig, cfgo ...types.E2ECo
 	for _, o := range cfgo {
 		o(testConfig)
 	}
+
+	// Add exit-related evaluators using custom exit epoch if configured, otherwise use default.
+	if testConfig.ExitEpoch > 0 {
+		exitEpoch = testConfig.ExitEpoch
+	}
+	testConfig.Evaluators = append(testConfig.Evaluators,
+		ev.ProposeVoluntaryExitAtEpoch(exitEpoch),
+		ev.ValidatorsHaveExitedAtEpoch(exitEpoch+1),
+		ev.SubmitWithdrawalAtEpoch(exitEpoch+1),
+		ev.ValidatorsHaveWithdrawnAfterExitAtEpoch(exitEpoch),
+	)
+
 	if testConfig.UseBuilder {
 		testConfig.Evaluators = append(testConfig.Evaluators, ev.BuilderIsActive)
 	}
@@ -140,6 +158,11 @@ func e2eMainnet(t *testing.T, usePrysmSh, useMultiClient bool, cfg *params.Beaco
 	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.CapellaForkEpoch, ev.CapellaForkTransition)
 	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.DenebForkEpoch, ev.DenebForkTransition)
 	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.ElectraForkEpoch, ev.ElectraForkTransition)
+	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.FuluForkEpoch, ev.FuluForkTransition)
+	// Blob evaluators - run from Deneb onwards
+	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.DenebForkEpoch, ev.BlobsIncludedInBlocks)
+	// BPO (Blob Parameter Optimization) evaluator - runs from Fulu onwards
+	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.FuluForkEpoch, ev.BlobLimitsRespected)
 
 	testConfig := &types.E2EConfig{
 		BeaconFlags: []string{
@@ -208,6 +231,11 @@ func scenarioEvals(cfg *params.BeaconChainConfig) []types.Evaluator {
 	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.CapellaForkEpoch, ev.CapellaForkTransition)
 	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.DenebForkEpoch, ev.DenebForkTransition)
 	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.ElectraForkEpoch, ev.ElectraForkTransition)
+	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.FuluForkEpoch, ev.FuluForkTransition)
+	// Blob evaluators - run from Deneb onwards
+	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.DenebForkEpoch, ev.BlobsIncludedInBlocks)
+	// BPO (Blob Parameter Optimization) evaluator - runs from Fulu onwards
+	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.FuluForkEpoch, ev.BlobLimitsRespected)
 	return evals
 }
 
@@ -229,5 +257,10 @@ func scenarioEvalsMulti(cfg *params.BeaconChainConfig) []types.Evaluator {
 	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.CapellaForkEpoch, ev.CapellaForkTransition)
 	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.DenebForkEpoch, ev.DenebForkTransition)
 	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.ElectraForkEpoch, ev.ElectraForkTransition)
+	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.FuluForkEpoch, ev.FuluForkTransition)
+	// Blob evaluators - run from Deneb onwards
+	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.DenebForkEpoch, ev.BlobsIncludedInBlocks)
+	// BPO (Blob Parameter Optimization) evaluator - runs from Fulu onwards
+	evals = addIfForkSet(evals, cfg.FuluForkEpoch, ev.BlobLimitsRespected)
 	return evals
 }

testing/endtoend/endtoend_test.go

@@ -225,9 +225,9 @@ func (r *testRunner) testDepositsAndTx(ctx context.Context, g *errgroup.Group,
 		if err := helpers.ComponentsStarted(ctx, []e2etypes.ComponentRunner{r.depositor}); err != nil {
 			return errors.Wrap(err, "testDepositsAndTx unable to run, depositor did not Start")
 		}
-		go func() {
-			if r.config.TestDeposits {
-				log.Info("Running deposit tests")
+        go func() {
+            if r.config.TestDeposits {
+                log.Info("Running deposit tests")
 				// The validators with an index < minGenesisActiveCount all have deposits already from the chain start.
 				// Skip all of those chain start validators by seeking to minGenesisActiveCount in the validator list
 				// for further deposit testing.
@@ -238,9 +238,12 @@ func (r *testRunner) testDepositsAndTx(ctx context.Context, g *errgroup.Group,
 						r.t.Error(errors.Wrap(err, "depositor.SendAndMine failed"))
 					}
 				}
-			}
-			r.testTxGeneration(ctx, g, keystorePath, []e2etypes.ComponentRunner{})
-		}()
+            }
+            // Only generate background transactions when relevant for the test.
+            if r.config.TestDeposits || r.config.TestFeature || r.config.UseBuilder {
+                r.testTxGeneration(ctx, g, keystorePath, []e2etypes.ComponentRunner{})
+            }
+        }()
 		if r.config.TestDeposits {
 			return depositCheckValidator.Start(ctx)
 		}
@@ -249,7 +252,7 @@ func (r *testRunner) testDepositsAndTx(ctx context.Context, g *errgroup.Group,
 }
 
 func (r *testRunner) testTxGeneration(ctx context.Context, g *errgroup.Group, keystorePath string, requiredNodes []e2etypes.ComponentRunner) {
-	txGenerator := eth1.NewTransactionGenerator(keystorePath, r.config.Seed)
+	txGenerator := eth1.NewTransactionGenerator(keystorePath, r.config.Seed, r.config.UseLargeBlobs)
 	r.comHandler.txGen = txGenerator
 	g.Go(func() error {
 		if err := helpers.ComponentsStarted(ctx, requiredNodes); err != nil {

testing/endtoend/evaluators/BUILD.bazel

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ go_library(
     name = "go_default_library",
     testonly = True,
     srcs = [
+        "blob_limits.go",
         "builder.go",
         "data.go",
         "execution_engine.go",

testing/endtoend/evaluators/beaconapi/requests.go

@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ var (
 			}())),
 		"/validator/duties/sync/{param1}": newMetadata[structs.GetSyncCommitteeDutiesResponse](
 			v1PathTemplate,
-			withStart(params.AltairE2EForkEpoch),
+			withStart(params.E2ETestConfig().AltairForkEpoch),
 			withParams(func(currentEpoch primitives.Epoch) []string {
 				return []string{fmt.Sprintf("%v", currentEpoch)}
 			}),

testing/endtoend/evaluators/blob_limits.go

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+package evaluators
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/consensus-types/primitives"
+	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/runtime/version"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/endtoend/policies"
+	e2etypes "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/endtoend/types"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/time/slots"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
+)
+
+// Minimum blob utilization percentage required to pass the evaluator.
+// We expect the transaction generator to produce enough blobs to hit at least this threshold.
+const minBlobUtilizationPercent = 50
+
+// BlobsIncludedInBlocks verifies that blocks contain blobs and that the blob count
+// does not exceed the maximum allowed for the epoch (respecting BPO schedule).
+var BlobsIncludedInBlocks = e2etypes.Evaluator{
+	Name: "blobs_included_in_blocks_epoch_%d",
+	Policy: func(currentEpoch primitives.Epoch) bool {
+		// Only run from Deneb onwards
+		return policies.OnwardsNthEpoch(params.BeaconConfig().DenebForkEpoch)(currentEpoch)
+	},
+	Evaluation: blobsIncludedInBlocks,
+}
+
+// BlobLimitsRespected verifies that the BPO (Blob Parameter Optimization) limits
+// are correctly enforced after Fulu fork, checking that:
+// 1. Blocks don't exceed MaxBlobsPerBlock for their respective epoch
+// 2. We're utilizing the increased capacity (at least 50% utilization)
+// 3. When BPO activates (limit increases), blocks actually use the new higher limit
+var BlobLimitsRespected = e2etypes.Evaluator{
+	Name: "blob_limits_respected_epoch_%d",
+	Policy: func(currentEpoch primitives.Epoch) bool {
+		// Only run from Fulu onwards where BPO is active
+		return policies.OnwardsNthEpoch(params.BeaconConfig().FuluForkEpoch)(currentEpoch)
+	},
+	Evaluation: blobLimitsRespected,
+}
+
+func blobsIncludedInBlocks(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn) error {
+	conn := conns[0]
+	client := ethpb.NewBeaconChainClient(conn)
+
+	chainHead, err := client.GetChainHead(context.Background(), &emptypb.Empty{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get chain head")
+	}
+
+	// Check blocks from the previous epoch
+	epoch := chainHead.HeadEpoch
+	if epoch > 0 {
+		epoch = epoch - 1
+	}
+
+	// Skip if we're before Deneb
+	if epoch < params.BeaconConfig().DenebForkEpoch {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	req := &ethpb.ListBlocksRequest{QueryFilter: &ethpb.ListBlocksRequest_Epoch{Epoch: epoch}}
+	blks, err := client.ListBeaconBlocks(context.Background(), req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get blocks from beacon-chain")
+	}
+
+	blocksWithBlobs := 0
+	for _, ctr := range blks.BlockContainers {
+		blk, err := blocks.BeaconBlockContainerToSignedBeaconBlock(ctr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to convert block container to signed beacon block")
+		}
+
+		if blk == nil || blk.IsNil() {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Skip blocks before Deneb
+		if blk.Version() < version.Deneb {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		commitments, err := blk.Block().Body().BlobKzgCommitments()
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get blob kzg commitments")
+		}
+
+		if len(commitments) > 0 {
+			blocksWithBlobs++
+		}
+	}
+
+	// We expect at least some blocks to have blobs since we're sending blob transactions
+	if blocksWithBlobs == 0 {
+		return errors.Errorf("no blocks with blobs found in epoch %d", epoch)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func blobLimitsRespected(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn) error {
+	conn := conns[0]
+	nodeClient := ethpb.NewNodeClient(conn)
+	beaconClient := ethpb.NewBeaconChainClient(conn)
+
+	genesis, err := nodeClient.GetGenesis(context.Background(), &emptypb.Empty{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get genesis")
+	}
+
+	currSlot := slots.CurrentSlot(genesis.GenesisTime.AsTime())
+	currEpoch := slots.ToEpoch(currSlot)
+
+	// Check the previous epoch to ensure blocks are finalized
+	epochToCheck := currEpoch
+	if epochToCheck > 0 {
+		epochToCheck = epochToCheck - 1
+	}
+
+	// Skip if we're before Fulu
+	if epochToCheck < params.BeaconConfig().FuluForkEpoch {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	req := &ethpb.ListBlocksRequest{QueryFilter: &ethpb.ListBlocksRequest_Epoch{Epoch: epochToCheck}}
+	blks, err := beaconClient.ListBeaconBlocks(context.Background(), req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get blocks from beacon-chain")
+	}
+
+	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
+	maxBlobsForEpoch := cfg.MaxBlobsPerBlockAtEpoch(epochToCheck)
+
+	// Get the previous epoch's limit to detect BPO transitions
+	var prevEpochMaxBlobs int
+	if epochToCheck > 0 {
+		prevEpochMaxBlobs = cfg.MaxBlobsPerBlockAtEpoch(epochToCheck - 1)
+	}
+
+	// Check if this is a BPO transition epoch (limit increased from previous epoch)
+	isBPOTransitionEpoch := maxBlobsForEpoch > prevEpochMaxBlobs
+
+	var totalBlobs int
+	var maxBlobsInBlock int
+	var blockCount int
+
+	for _, ctr := range blks.BlockContainers {
+		blk, err := blocks.BeaconBlockContainerToSignedBeaconBlock(ctr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to convert block container to signed beacon block")
+		}
+
+		if blk == nil || blk.IsNil() {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Skip blocks before Deneb (shouldn't happen if we're checking post-Fulu epochs)
+		if blk.Version() < version.Deneb {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		slot := blk.Block().Slot()
+		blockEpoch := slots.ToEpoch(slot)
+
+		commitments, err := blk.Block().Body().BlobKzgCommitments()
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get blob kzg commitments")
+		}
+
+		blobCount := len(commitments)
+
+		// Verify we don't exceed the limit
+		if blobCount > maxBlobsForEpoch {
+			return errors.Errorf(
+				"block at slot %d (epoch %d) has %d blobs, exceeding max allowed %d for this epoch",
+				slot, blockEpoch, blobCount, maxBlobsForEpoch,
+			)
+		}
+
+		totalBlobs += blobCount
+		blockCount++
+		if blobCount > maxBlobsInBlock {
+			maxBlobsInBlock = blobCount
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Calculate utilization
+	if blockCount == 0 {
+		return errors.Errorf("no blocks found in epoch %d", epochToCheck)
+	}
+
+	utilizationPercent := (maxBlobsInBlock * 100) / maxBlobsForEpoch
+
+	logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+		"epoch":                epochToCheck,
+		"maxBlobsForEpoch":     maxBlobsForEpoch,
+		"prevEpochMaxBlobs":    prevEpochMaxBlobs,
+		"maxBlobsInBlock":      maxBlobsInBlock,
+		"totalBlobs":           totalBlobs,
+		"blockCount":           blockCount,
+		"utilizationPercent":   utilizationPercent,
+		"isBPOTransitionEpoch": isBPOTransitionEpoch,
+	}).Info("Blob utilization stats for epoch")
+
+	// For BPO transition epochs, verify that BPO actually activated by checking
+	// that at least one block exceeded the previous epoch's limit
+	if isBPOTransitionEpoch {
+		if maxBlobsInBlock <= prevEpochMaxBlobs {
+			return errors.Errorf(
+				"BPO transition at epoch %d: limit increased from %d to %d, but no block exceeded the old limit. "+
+					"Max blobs in any block was %d. This indicates BPO may not be working correctly or "+
+					"the transaction generator is not producing enough blobs to test the increased limit.",
+				epochToCheck, prevEpochMaxBlobs, maxBlobsForEpoch, maxBlobsInBlock,
+			)
+		}
+		logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+			"epoch":           epochToCheck,
+			"prevLimit":       prevEpochMaxBlobs,
+			"newLimit":        maxBlobsForEpoch,
+			"maxBlobsInBlock": maxBlobsInBlock,
+		}).Info("BPO activation verified: blocks are using capacity beyond previous limit")
+	}
+
+	// For all BPO epochs (where limit > Electra's 9), verify we're utilizing the capacity
+	electraMax := cfg.DeprecatedMaxBlobsPerBlockElectra
+	if maxBlobsForEpoch > electraMax {
+		if utilizationPercent < minBlobUtilizationPercent {
+			return errors.Errorf(
+				"BPO epoch %d has max blobs %d but only achieved %d%% utilization (max blobs in any block: %d). "+
+					"Expected at least %d%% utilization to verify BPO is working. "+
+					"This may indicate the transaction generator is not producing enough blobs.",
+				epochToCheck, maxBlobsForEpoch, utilizationPercent, maxBlobsInBlock, minBlobUtilizationPercent,
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

testing/endtoend/evaluators/builder.go

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/endtoend/policies"
 	e2etypes "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/endtoend/types"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/time/slots"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
@@ -27,6 +26,11 @@ var BuilderIsActive = e2etypes.Evaluator{
 	Evaluation: builderActive,
 }
 
+// maxNonBuilderBlocks is the maximum number of blocks that can be built locally
+// instead of by the builder before the test fails. This allows tolerance for
+// occasional builder timeouts or failures.
+const maxNonBuilderBlocks = 2
+
 func builderActive(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn) error {
 	conn := conns[0]
 	client := ethpb.NewNodeClient(conn)
@@ -49,6 +53,10 @@ func builderActive(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn) err
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
+	nonBuilderBlocks := 0
+	builderBlocks := 0
+
 	blockCtrs, err := beaconClient.ListBeaconBlocks(context.Background(), &ethpb.ListBlocksRequest{QueryFilter: &ethpb.ListBlocksRequest_Epoch{Epoch: lowestBound}})
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get beacon blocks")
@@ -84,13 +92,18 @@ func builderActive(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn) err
 			continue
 		}
 		if string(execPayload.ExtraData()) != "prysm-builder" {
-			return errors.Errorf("%s block with slot %d was not built by the builder. It has an extra data of %s and txRoot of %s", version.String(b.Version()), b.Block().Slot(), string(execPayload.ExtraData()), hexutil.Encode(txRoot))
+			nonBuilderBlocks++
+			continue
 		}
+		builderBlocks++
 		if execPayload.GasLimit() == 0 {
 			return errors.Errorf("%s block with slot %d has a gas limit of 0, when it should be in the 30M range", version.String(b.Version()), b.Block().Slot())
 		}
 	}
 	if lowestBound == currEpoch {
+		if nonBuilderBlocks > maxNonBuilderBlocks {
+			return errors.Errorf("too many non-builder blocks: %d (max allowed: %d), builder blocks: %d", nonBuilderBlocks, maxNonBuilderBlocks, builderBlocks)
+		}
 		return nil
 	}
 	blockCtrs, err = beaconClient.ListBeaconBlocks(context.Background(), &ethpb.ListBlocksRequest{QueryFilter: &ethpb.ListBlocksRequest_Epoch{Epoch: currEpoch}})
@@ -127,11 +140,16 @@ func builderActive(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn) err
 			continue
 		}
 		if string(execPayload.ExtraData()) != "prysm-builder" {
-			return errors.Errorf("%s block with slot %d was not built by the builder. It has an extra data of %s and txRoot of %s", version.String(b.Version()), b.Block().Slot(), string(execPayload.ExtraData()), hexutil.Encode(txRoot))
+			nonBuilderBlocks++
+			continue
 		}
+		builderBlocks++
 		if execPayload.GasLimit() == 0 {
 			return errors.Errorf("%s block with slot %d has a gas limit of 0, when it should be in the 30M range", version.String(b.Version()), b.Block().Slot())
 		}
 	}
+	if nonBuilderBlocks > maxNonBuilderBlocks {
+		return errors.Errorf("too many non-builder blocks: %d (max allowed: %d), builder blocks: %d", nonBuilderBlocks, maxNonBuilderBlocks, builderBlocks)
+	}
 	return nil
 }

testing/endtoend/evaluators/fork.go

@@ -88,11 +88,28 @@ var ElectraForkTransition = e2etypes.Evaluator{
 	Evaluation: electraForkOccurs,
 }
 
+// FuluForkTransition ensures that the fulu hard fork has occurred successfully
+var FuluForkTransition = e2etypes.Evaluator{
+	Name: "fulu_fork_transition_%d",
+	Policy: func(e primitives.Epoch) bool {
+		// Only run if we started before Fulu
+		if e2etypes.GenesisFork() >= version.Fulu {
+			return false
+		}
+		fEpoch := params.BeaconConfig().FuluForkEpoch
+		return policies.OnEpoch(fEpoch)(e)
+	},
+	Evaluation: fuluForkOccurs,
+}
+
 func altairForkOccurs(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn) error {
+
 	conn := conns[0]
 	client := ethpb.NewBeaconNodeValidatorClient(conn)
+
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), streamDeadline)
 	defer cancel()
+
 	stream, err := client.StreamBlocksAltair(ctx, &ethpb.StreamBlocksRequest{VerifiedOnly: true})
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get stream")
@@ -101,6 +118,7 @@ func altairForkOccurs(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	if errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.Canceled) {
 		return errors.New("context canceled prematurely")
 	}
@@ -121,20 +139,24 @@ func altairForkOccurs(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	if err := blocks.BeaconBlockIsNil(blk); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if blk.Block().Slot() < fSlot {
 		return errors.Errorf("wanted a block >= %d but received %d", fSlot, blk.Block().Slot())
 	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
 func bellatrixForkOccurs(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn) error {
 	conn := conns[0]
 	client := ethpb.NewBeaconNodeValidatorClient(conn)
+
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), streamDeadline)
 	defer cancel()
+
 	stream, err := client.StreamBlocksAltair(ctx, &ethpb.StreamBlocksRequest{VerifiedOnly: true})
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get stream")
@@ -143,6 +165,7 @@ func bellatrixForkOccurs(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientCon
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	if errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.Canceled) {
 		return errors.New("context canceled prematurely")
 	}
@@ -166,6 +189,7 @@ func bellatrixForkOccurs(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientCon
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	if err := blocks.BeaconBlockIsNil(blk); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -188,6 +212,7 @@ func capellaForkOccurs(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	if errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.Canceled) {
 		return errors.New("context canceled prematurely")
 	}
@@ -209,6 +234,7 @@ func capellaForkOccurs(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	if err := blocks.BeaconBlockIsNil(blk); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -231,6 +257,7 @@ func denebForkOccurs(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn) e
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	if errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.Canceled) {
 		return errors.New("context canceled prematurely")
 	}
@@ -252,6 +279,7 @@ func denebForkOccurs(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn) e
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	if err := blocks.BeaconBlockIsNil(blk); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -274,6 +302,7 @@ func electraForkOccurs(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	if errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.Canceled) {
 		return errors.New("context canceled prematurely")
 	}
@@ -295,6 +324,7 @@ func electraForkOccurs(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	if err := blocks.BeaconBlockIsNil(blk); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -303,3 +333,57 @@ func electraForkOccurs(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+func fuluForkOccurs(_ *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn) error {
+	conn := conns[0]
+	client := ethpb.NewBeaconNodeValidatorClient(conn)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), streamDeadline)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	stream, err := client.StreamBlocksAltair(ctx, &ethpb.StreamBlocksRequest{VerifiedOnly: true})
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get stream")
+	}
+
+	fSlot, err := slots.EpochStart(params.BeaconConfig().FuluForkEpoch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.Canceled) {
+		return errors.New("context canceled prematurely")
+	}
+
+	res, err := stream.Recv()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if res == nil || res.Block == nil {
+		return errors.New("nil block returned by beacon node")
+	}
+
+	if res.GetBlock() == nil {
+		return errors.New("nil block returned by beacon node")
+	}
+
+	if res.GetFuluBlock() == nil {
+		return errors.Errorf("non-fulu block returned after the fork with type %T", res.Block)
+	}
+
+	blk, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(res.GetFuluBlock())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := blocks.BeaconBlockIsNil(blk); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if blk.Block().Slot() < fSlot {
+		return errors.Errorf("wanted a block at slot >= %d but received %d", fSlot, blk.Block().Slot())
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

testing/endtoend/evaluators/metrics.go

@@ -117,7 +117,10 @@ func metricsTest(_ *types.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn) error {
 			return err
 		}
 		timeSlot := slots.CurrentSlot(genesisResp.GenesisTime.AsTime())
-		if uint64(chainHead.HeadSlot) != uint64(timeSlot) {
+		// Allow 1 slot tolerance due to race between calculating current slot
+		// and fetching chain head - a slot boundary may occur between these calls.
+		// Check: chainHead.HeadSlot <= timeSlot <= chainHead.HeadSlot + 1
+		if uint64(chainHead.HeadSlot) > uint64(timeSlot) || uint64(timeSlot) > uint64(chainHead.HeadSlot)+1 {
 			return fmt.Errorf("expected metrics slot to equal chain head slot, expected %d, received %d", timeSlot, chainHead.HeadSlot)
 		}
 

testing/endtoend/evaluators/operations.go

@@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ var depositsInBlockStart = params.E2ETestConfig().EpochsPerEth1VotingPeriod * 2
 // deposits included + finalization + MaxSeedLookahead for activation.
 var depositActivationStartEpoch = depositsInBlockStart + 2 + params.E2ETestConfig().MaxSeedLookahead
 var depositEndEpoch = depositActivationStartEpoch + primitives.Epoch(math.Ceil(float64(depositValCount)/float64(params.E2ETestConfig().MinPerEpochChurnLimit)))
-var exitSubmissionEpoch = primitives.Epoch(7)
+
+// Default exit submission epoch for standard tests.
+var defaultExitSubmissionEpoch = primitives.Epoch(7)
 
 // ProcessesDepositsInBlocks ensures the expected amount of deposits are accepted into blocks.
 // Note: This evaluator only works for pre-Electra genesis since Electra uses EIP-6110 deposit requests.
@@ -92,55 +94,90 @@ var DepositedValidatorsAreActive = e2etypes.Evaluator{
 }
 
 // ProposeVoluntaryExit sends a voluntary exit from randomly selected validator in the genesis set.
-var ProposeVoluntaryExit = e2etypes.Evaluator{
-	Name:       "propose_voluntary_exit_epoch_%d",
-	Policy:     policies.OnEpoch(exitSubmissionEpoch),
-	Evaluation: proposeVoluntaryExit,
+// Uses the default exit submission epoch (7).
+var ProposeVoluntaryExit = ProposeVoluntaryExitAtEpoch(defaultExitSubmissionEpoch)
+
+// ProposeVoluntaryExitAtEpoch sends a voluntary exit at the specified epoch.
+var ProposeVoluntaryExitAtEpoch = func(epoch primitives.Epoch) e2etypes.Evaluator {
+	return e2etypes.Evaluator{
+		Name:       "propose_voluntary_exit_epoch_%d",
+		Policy:     policies.OnEpoch(epoch),
+		Evaluation: proposeVoluntaryExit,
+	}
 }
 
 // ValidatorsHaveExited checks the beacon state for the exited validator and ensures its marked as exited.
-var ValidatorsHaveExited = e2etypes.Evaluator{
-	Name:       "voluntary_has_exited_%d",
-	Policy:     policies.OnEpoch(8),
-	Evaluation: validatorsHaveExited,
+// Uses the default exit submission epoch + 1 (epoch 8).
+var ValidatorsHaveExited = ValidatorsHaveExitedAtEpoch(defaultExitSubmissionEpoch + 1)
+
+// ValidatorsHaveExitedAtEpoch checks validators have exited at the specified epoch.
+var ValidatorsHaveExitedAtEpoch = func(epoch primitives.Epoch) e2etypes.Evaluator {
+	return e2etypes.Evaluator{
+		Name:       "voluntary_has_exited_%d",
+		Policy:     policies.OnEpoch(epoch),
+		Evaluation: validatorsHaveExited,
+	}
 }
 
 // SubmitWithdrawal sends a withdrawal from a previously exited validator.
-var SubmitWithdrawal = e2etypes.Evaluator{
-	Name: "submit_withdrawal_epoch_%d",
-	Policy: func(currentEpoch primitives.Epoch) bool {
-		fEpoch := params.BeaconConfig().CapellaForkEpoch
-		// If Capella is disabled (starting at Deneb+), run after exit submission
-		if e2etypes.GenesisFork() >= version.Deneb {
-			return policies.OnEpoch(exitSubmissionEpoch + 1)(currentEpoch)
-		}
-		return policies.BetweenEpochs(fEpoch-2, fEpoch+1)(currentEpoch)
-	},
-	Evaluation: submitWithdrawal,
+// Uses default timing based on exit submission epoch.
+var SubmitWithdrawal = SubmitWithdrawalAtEpoch(defaultExitSubmissionEpoch + 1)
+
+// SubmitWithdrawalAtEpoch sends a withdrawal at the specified epoch.
+// For pre-Deneb genesis, it runs around the Capella fork epoch instead.
+var SubmitWithdrawalAtEpoch = func(epoch primitives.Epoch) e2etypes.Evaluator {
+	return e2etypes.Evaluator{
+		Name: "submit_withdrawal_epoch_%d",
+		Policy: func(currentEpoch primitives.Epoch) bool {
+			fEpoch := params.BeaconConfig().CapellaForkEpoch
+			// If Capella is disabled (starting at Deneb+), run at the specified epoch
+			if e2etypes.GenesisFork() >= version.Deneb {
+				return policies.OnEpoch(epoch)(currentEpoch)
+			}
+			return policies.BetweenEpochs(fEpoch-2, fEpoch+1)(currentEpoch)
+		},
+		Evaluation: submitWithdrawal,
+	}
 }
 
 // ValidatorsHaveWithdrawn checks the beacon state for the withdrawn validator and ensures it has been withdrawn.
-var ValidatorsHaveWithdrawn = e2etypes.Evaluator{
-	Name: "validator_has_withdrawn_%d",
-	Policy: func(currentEpoch primitives.Epoch) bool {
-		// TODO: Fix this for mainnet configs.
-		if params.BeaconConfig().ConfigName != params.EndToEndName {
-			return false
-		}
-		// Only run this for minimal setups after capella
-		fEpoch := params.BeaconConfig().CapellaForkEpoch
-		// If Capella is disabled (starting at Deneb+), run after withdrawal submission
-		var validWithdrawnEpoch primitives.Epoch
-		if e2etypes.GenesisFork() >= version.Deneb {
-			validWithdrawnEpoch = exitSubmissionEpoch + 2
-		} else {
-			validWithdrawnEpoch = fEpoch + 1
-		}
+// Uses default timing based on exit submission epoch.
+var ValidatorsHaveWithdrawn = ValidatorsHaveWithdrawnAfterExitAtEpoch(defaultExitSubmissionEpoch)
 
-		requiredPolicy := policies.OnEpoch(validWithdrawnEpoch)
-		return requiredPolicy(currentEpoch)
-	},
-	Evaluation: validatorsAreWithdrawn,
+// ValidatorsHaveWithdrawnAfterExitAtEpoch checks validators have withdrawn after exiting at the specified epoch.
+// For pre-Deneb genesis, it runs at CapellaForkEpoch + 1 instead.
+var ValidatorsHaveWithdrawnAfterExitAtEpoch = func(exitSubmitEpoch primitives.Epoch) e2etypes.Evaluator {
+	return e2etypes.Evaluator{
+		Name: "validator_has_withdrawn_%d",
+		Policy: func(currentEpoch primitives.Epoch) bool {
+			// TODO: Fix this for mainnet configs.
+			if params.BeaconConfig().ConfigName != params.EndToEndName {
+				return false
+			}
+			// Only run this for minimal setups after capella
+			fEpoch := params.BeaconConfig().CapellaForkEpoch
+			// If Capella is disabled (starting at Deneb+), run after withdrawal submission
+			var validWithdrawnEpoch primitives.Epoch
+			if e2etypes.GenesisFork() >= version.Deneb {
+				// Exit submitted at exitSubmitEpoch
+				// Exit epoch = exitSubmitEpoch + 1 + MAX_SEED_LOOKAHEAD
+				// Withdrawable epoch = exit epoch + MIN_VALIDATOR_WITHDRAWABILITY_DELAY
+				// Add 1 more epoch for the sweep to process
+				exitEpoch := exitSubmitEpoch + 1 + primitives.Epoch(params.BeaconConfig().MaxSeedLookahead)
+				withdrawableEpoch := exitEpoch + primitives.Epoch(params.BeaconConfig().MinValidatorWithdrawabilityDelay)
+				validWithdrawnEpoch = withdrawableEpoch + 1
+			} else {
+				// For pre-Deneb genesis, give 2 epochs after Capella for:
+				// 1. BLS-to-exec changes to be processed (submitted in epoch before Capella)
+				// 2. Withdrawal sweep to reach all exited validators
+				validWithdrawnEpoch = fEpoch + 2
+			}
+
+			requiredPolicy := policies.OnEpoch(validWithdrawnEpoch)
+			return requiredPolicy(currentEpoch)
+		},
+		Evaluation: validatorsAreWithdrawn,
+	}
 }
 
 // ValidatorsVoteWithTheMajority verifies whether validator vote for eth1data using the majority algorithm.
@@ -351,8 +388,7 @@ func depositedValidatorsAreActive(ec *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc
 			continue // we aren't checking for this validator
 		}
 		// ignore voluntary exits when checking balance and active status
-		exited := ec.ExitedVals[key]
-		if exited {
+		if _, exited := ec.ExitedVals[key]; exited {
 			nexits++
 			delete(expected, key)
 			continue
@@ -457,7 +493,7 @@ func proposeVoluntaryExit(ec *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientC
 			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not propose exit")
 		}
 		pubk := bytesutil.ToBytes48(deposits[exitedIndex].Data.PublicKey)
-		ec.ExitedVals[pubk] = true
+		ec.ExitedVals[pubk] = chainHead.HeadEpoch // Store submission epoch
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -471,7 +507,7 @@ func proposeVoluntaryExit(ec *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientC
 	// Send an exit for a non-exited validator.
 	for i := 0; i < numOfExits; {
 		randIndex := primitives.ValidatorIndex(rand.Uint64() % params.BeaconConfig().MinGenesisActiveValidatorCount)
-		if ec.ExitedVals[bytesutil.ToBytes48(privKeys[randIndex].PublicKey().Marshal())] {
+		if _, alreadyExited := ec.ExitedVals[bytesutil.ToBytes48(privKeys[randIndex].PublicKey().Marshal())]; alreadyExited {
 			continue
 		}
 		if err := sendExit(randIndex); err != nil {
@@ -567,6 +603,14 @@ func validatorsVoteWithTheMajority(ec *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grp
 			b := blk.GetBlindedElectraBlock().Message
 			slot = b.Slot
 			vote = b.Body.Eth1Data.BlockHash
+		case *ethpb.BeaconBlockContainer_FuluBlock:
+			b := blk.GetFuluBlock().Block
+			slot = b.Slot
+			vote = b.Body.Eth1Data.BlockHash
+		case *ethpb.BeaconBlockContainer_BlindedFuluBlock:
+			b := blk.GetBlindedFuluBlock().Message
+			slot = b.Slot
+			vote = b.Body.Eth1Data.BlockHash
 		default:
 			return fmt.Errorf("block of type %T is unknown", blk.Block)
 		}
@@ -587,20 +631,28 @@ func validatorsVoteWithTheMajority(ec *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grp
 		}
 		if isFirstSlotInVotingPeriod {
 			ec.ExpectedEth1DataVote = vote
+			ec.Eth1DataMismatchCount = 0 // Reset for new voting period
 			return nil
 		}
 
 		if !bytes.Equal(vote, ec.ExpectedEth1DataVote) {
-			for i := primitives.Slot(0); i < slot; i++ {
-				v, ok := ec.SeenVotes[i]
-				if ok {
-					fmt.Printf("vote at slot=%d = %#x\n", i, v)
-				} else {
-					fmt.Printf("did not see slot=%d\n", i)
+			// Allow some tolerance for eth1data vote differences.
+			// Validators may have slightly different views of the eth1 chain
+			// as new blocks arrive during the voting period.
+			ec.Eth1DataMismatchCount++
+			// Allow up to 2 mismatches per voting period before failing.
+			if ec.Eth1DataMismatchCount > 2 {
+				for i := primitives.Slot(0); i < slot; i++ {
+					v, ok := ec.SeenVotes[i]
+					if ok {
+						fmt.Printf("vote at slot=%d = %#x\n", i, v)
+					} else {
+						fmt.Printf("did not see slot=%d\n", i)
+					}
 				}
+				return fmt.Errorf("incorrect eth1data vote for slot %d; expected: %#x vs voted: %#x (mismatch count: %d)",
+					slot, ec.ExpectedEth1DataVote, vote, ec.Eth1DataMismatchCount)
 			}
-			return fmt.Errorf("incorrect eth1data vote for slot %d; expected: %#x vs voted: %#x",
-				slot, ec.ExpectedEth1DataVote, vote)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -644,8 +696,12 @@ func submitWithdrawal(ec *e2etypes.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn)
 	}
 	changes := make([]*structs.SignedBLSToExecutionChange, 0)
 	// Only send half the number of changes each time, to allow us to test
-	// at the fork boundary.
+	// at the fork boundary. When starting from Deneb+ at genesis, there's no
+	// fork boundary to test so we send all changes.
 	wantedChanges := numOfExits / 2
+	if e2etypes.GenesisFork() >= version.Deneb {
+		wantedChanges = numOfExits
+	}
 	for _, idx := range exitedIndices {
 		// Exit sending more change messages.
 		if len(changes) >= wantedChanges {

testing/endtoend/evaluators/validator.go

@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
 )
 
-var expectedParticipation = 0.99
+var expectedParticipation = 0.98
 
 var expectedMulticlientParticipation = 0.95
 
-var expectedSyncParticipation = 0.99
+var expectedSyncParticipation = 0.95
 
 // ValidatorsAreActive ensures the expected amount of validators are active.
 var ValidatorsAreActive = types.Evaluator{
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ var ValidatorSyncParticipation = types.Evaluator{
 func validatorsAreActive(ec *types.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn) error {
 	conn := conns[0]
 	client := ethpb.NewBeaconChainClient(conn)
+
 	// Balances actually fluctuate but we just want to check initial balance.
 	validatorRequest := &ethpb.ListValidatorsRequest{
 		PageSize: int32(params.BeaconConfig().MinGenesisActiveValidatorCount),
@@ -72,17 +73,26 @@ func validatorsAreActive(ec *types.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.ClientConn)
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get validators")
 	}
 
-	expectedCount := params.BeaconConfig().MinGenesisActiveValidatorCount
+	// Count should be MinGenesisActiveValidatorCount minus any validators that have exited.
+	// We determine actual exited count from the difference, as exits may be submitted but
+	// not yet processed, or affected by churn limits.
 	receivedCount := uint64(len(validators.ValidatorList))
-	if expectedCount != receivedCount {
-		return fmt.Errorf("expected validator count to be %d, received %d", expectedCount, receivedCount)
+	maxExpected := params.BeaconConfig().MinGenesisActiveValidatorCount
+	minExpected := maxExpected - uint64(len(ec.ExitedVals))
+
+	if receivedCount > maxExpected {
+		return fmt.Errorf("validator count %d exceeds genesis count %d", receivedCount, maxExpected)
+	}
+	if receivedCount < minExpected {
+		return fmt.Errorf("validator count %d is less than expected minimum %d (genesis %d - %d submitted exits)",
+			receivedCount, minExpected, maxExpected, len(ec.ExitedVals))
 	}
 
 	effBalanceLowCount := 0
 	exitEpochWrongCount := 0
 	withdrawEpochWrongCount := 0
 	for _, item := range validators.ValidatorList {
-		if ec.ExitedVals[bytesutil.ToBytes48(item.Validator.PublicKey)] {
+		if _, exited := ec.ExitedVals[bytesutil.ToBytes48(item.Validator.PublicKey)]; exited {
 			continue
 		}
 		if item.Validator.EffectiveBalance < params.BeaconConfig().MaxEffectiveBalance {
@@ -262,9 +272,9 @@ func validatorsSyncParticipation(_ *types.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.Clie
 			// Skip fork slot.
 			continue
 		}
-		// Skip slot 1 at genesis - validators need time to ramp up after chain start.
-		// This is a startup timing issue, not a fork transition issue.
-		if b.Block().Slot() == 1 {
+		// Skip slots 1-2 at genesis - validators need time to ramp up after chain start
+		// due to doppelganger protection. This is a startup timing issue, not a fork transition issue.
+		if b.Block().Slot() < 3 {
 			continue
 		}
 		expectedParticipation := expectedSyncParticipation
@@ -300,20 +310,34 @@ func validatorsSyncParticipation(_ *types.EvaluationContext, conns ...*grpc.Clie
 		if b == nil || b.IsNil() {
 			return errors.New("nil block provided")
 		}
-		forkSlot, err := slots.EpochStart(params.BeaconConfig().AltairForkEpoch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
+		// Skip evaluation of fork transition slots as sync participation
+		// tends to drop briefly when transitioning between forks.
+		forkEpochs := []primitives.Epoch{
+			params.BeaconConfig().AltairForkEpoch,
+			params.BeaconConfig().BellatrixForkEpoch,
+			params.BeaconConfig().CapellaForkEpoch,
+			params.BeaconConfig().DenebForkEpoch,
+			params.BeaconConfig().ElectraForkEpoch,
+			params.BeaconConfig().FuluForkEpoch,
 		}
-		nexForkSlot, err := slots.EpochStart(params.BeaconConfig().BellatrixForkEpoch)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
+		skipSlot := false
+		for _, forkEpoch := range forkEpochs {
+			// Skip fork epochs set to far future (not scheduled).
+			if forkEpoch == params.BeaconConfig().FarFutureEpoch {
+				continue
+			}
+			forkSlot, err := slots.EpochStart(forkEpoch)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			// Skip the first two slots of each fork epoch.
+			if b.Block().Slot() == forkSlot || b.Block().Slot() == forkSlot+1 {
+				skipSlot = true
+				break
+			}
 		}
-		switch b.Block().Slot() {
-		case forkSlot, forkSlot + 1, nexForkSlot:
-			// Skip evaluation of the slot.
+		if skipSlot {
 			continue
-		default:
-			// no-op
 		}
 		syncAgg, err := b.Block().Body().SyncAggregate()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -358,6 +382,14 @@ func syncCompatibleBlockFromCtr(container *ethpb.BeaconBlockContainer) (interfac
 	if container.GetBlindedElectraBlock() != nil {
 		return blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(container.GetBlindedElectraBlock())
 	}
+
+	if container.GetFuluBlock() != nil {
+		return blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(container.GetFuluBlock())
+	}
+
+	if container.GetBlindedFuluBlock() != nil {
+		return blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(container.GetBlindedFuluBlock())
+	}
 	return nil, errors.New("no supported block type in container")
 }
 

testing/endtoend/mainnet_e2e_test.go

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 
 // Run mainnet e2e config with the current release validator against latest beacon node.
 func TestEndToEnd_MainnetConfig_ValidatorAtCurrentRelease(t *testing.T) {
-	r := e2eMainnet(t, true, false, types.InitForkCfg(version.Bellatrix, version.Electra, params.E2EMainnetTestConfig()))
+	r := e2eMainnet(t, true, false, types.InitForkCfg(version.Bellatrix, version.Fulu, params.E2EMainnetTestConfig()))
 	r.run()
 }
 

testing/endtoend/minimal_e2e_test.go

@@ -8,7 +8,38 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/endtoend/types"
 )
 
+// TestEndToEnd_MinimalConfig is the pre-submit e2e test from Electra to Fulu
+// with compressed epochs. It runs 10 epochs with exit at epoch 4 (the earliest
+// possible due to ShardCommitteePeriod=4), allowing all evaluators to complete:
+//   - Participation at epoch 2
+//   - Finalization at epoch 3
+//   - Fulu fork transition at epoch 2
+//   - BPO 1 at epoch 3 (15 blobs)
+//   - BPO 2 at epoch 4 (21 blobs)
+//   - Exit proposed at epoch 4
+//   - Exit confirmed at epoch 5
+//   - Withdrawal submitted at epoch 5
+//   - Withdrawal verified at epoch 8 (exit epoch 4 + 1 + MaxSeedLookahead + MinValidatorWithdrawabilityDelay + 1)
 func TestEndToEnd_MinimalConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	r := e2eMinimal(t, types.InitForkCfg(version.Bellatrix, version.Electra, params.E2ETestConfig()), types.WithCheckpointSync())
+	cfg := params.E2ETestConfig()
+	cfg = types.InitForkCfg(version.Electra, version.Fulu, cfg)
+	// Set Fulu fork at epoch 2 for a quick fork transition test
+	cfg.FuluForkEpoch = 2
+	// Update BlobSchedule to use the new FuluForkEpoch for BPO testing
+	cfg.BlobSchedule = []params.BlobScheduleEntry{
+		{Epoch: cfg.DenebForkEpoch, MaxBlobsPerBlock: uint64(cfg.DeprecatedMaxBlobsPerBlock)},
+		{Epoch: cfg.ElectraForkEpoch, MaxBlobsPerBlock: uint64(cfg.DeprecatedMaxBlobsPerBlockElectra)},
+		// BPO (Blob Parameter Optimization) schedule for Fulu
+		{Epoch: cfg.FuluForkEpoch + 1, MaxBlobsPerBlock: 15},
+		{Epoch: cfg.FuluForkEpoch + 2, MaxBlobsPerBlock: 21},
+	}
+	cfg.InitializeForkSchedule()
+
+	r := e2eMinimal(t, cfg,
+		types.WithCheckpointSync(),
+		types.WithEpochs(10),
+		types.WithExitEpoch(4),    // Minimum due to ShardCommitteePeriod=4
+		types.WithLargeBlobs(),    // Use large blob transactions for BPO testing
+	)
 	r.run()
 }

testing/endtoend/minimal_postmerge_e2e_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package endtoend
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/runtime/version"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/endtoend/types"
+)
+
+// TestEndToEnd_MinimalConfig_PostMerge is a post-submit test that runs the full
+// e2e test from Bellatrix (post-merge) through all fork transitions to the latest fork.
+// This test takes longer but provides comprehensive coverage of all forks.
+func TestEndToEnd_MinimalConfig_PostMerge(t *testing.T) {
+	r := e2eMinimal(t, types.InitForkCfg(version.Bellatrix, version.Fulu, params.E2ETestConfig()), types.WithCheckpointSync())
+	r.run()
+}

testing/endtoend/types/types.go

@@ -59,6 +59,15 @@ func WithBuilder() E2EConfigOpt {
 	}
 }
 
+// WithLargeBlobs configures the transaction generator to use large blob
+// transactions (6 blobs per tx) for testing BPO limits. Without this option,
+// small blob transactions (1 blob per tx) are used by default.
+func WithLargeBlobs() E2EConfigOpt {
+	return func(cfg *E2EConfig) {
+		cfg.UseLargeBlobs = true
+	}
+}
+
 func WithSSZOnly() E2EConfigOpt {
 	return func(cfg *E2EConfig) {
 		if err := os.Setenv(params.EnvNameOverrideAccept, api.OctetStreamMediaType); err != nil {
@@ -67,6 +76,14 @@ func WithSSZOnly() E2EConfigOpt {
 	}
 }
 
+// WithExitEpoch sets a custom epoch for voluntary exit submission.
+// This affects ProposeVoluntaryExit, ValidatorsHaveExited, SubmitWithdrawal, and ValidatorsHaveWithdrawn evaluators.
+func WithExitEpoch(e primitives.Epoch) E2EConfigOpt {
+	return func(cfg *E2EConfig) {
+		cfg.ExitEpoch = e
+	}
+}
+
 // E2EConfig defines the struct for all configurations needed for E2E testing.
 type E2EConfig struct {
 	TestCheckpointSync      bool
@@ -81,7 +98,9 @@ type E2EConfig struct {
 	UseValidatorCrossClient bool
 	UseBeaconRestApi        bool
 	UseBuilder              bool
+	UseLargeBlobs           bool // Use large blob transactions (6 blobs per tx) for BPO testing
 	EpochsToRun             uint64
+	ExitEpoch               primitives.Epoch // Custom epoch for voluntary exit submission (0 means use default)
 	Seed                    int64
 	TracingSinkEndpoint     string
 	Evaluators              []Evaluator
@@ -95,6 +114,9 @@ type E2EConfig struct {
 func GenesisFork() int {
 	cfg := params.BeaconConfig()
 	// Check from highest fork to lowest to find the genesis fork.
+	if cfg.FuluForkEpoch == 0 {
+		return version.Fulu
+	}
 	if cfg.ElectraForkEpoch == 0 {
 		return version.Electra
 	}
@@ -146,16 +168,21 @@ type DepositBalancer interface {
 // EvaluationContext allows for additional data to be provided to evaluators that need extra state.
 type EvaluationContext struct {
 	DepositBalancer
-	ExitedVals           map[[48]byte]bool
+	// ExitedVals maps validator pubkey to the epoch when their exit was submitted.
+	// The actual exit takes effect at: submission_epoch + 1 + MaxSeedLookahead
+	ExitedVals           map[[48]byte]primitives.Epoch
 	SeenVotes            map[primitives.Slot][]byte
 	ExpectedEth1DataVote []byte
+	// Eth1DataMismatchCount tracks how many eth1data vote mismatches have been seen
+	// in the current voting period. Some tolerance is allowed for timing differences.
+	Eth1DataMismatchCount int
 }
 
 // NewEvaluationContext handles initializing internal datastructures (like maps) provided by the EvaluationContext.
 func NewEvaluationContext(d DepositBalancer) *EvaluationContext {
 	return &EvaluationContext{
 		DepositBalancer: d,
-		ExitedVals:      make(map[[48]byte]bool),
+		ExitedVals:      make(map[[48]byte]primitives.Epoch),
 		SeenVotes:       make(map[primitives.Slot][]byte),
 	}
 }

testing/middleware/builder/builder.go

@@ -692,14 +692,25 @@ func (p *Builder) handleHeaderRequestElectra(w http.ResponseWriter) {
 }
 
 func (p *Builder) handleBlindedBlock(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-	// TODO update for fork specific
-	sb := &builderAPI.SignedBlindedBeaconBlockBellatrix{
-		SignedBlindedBeaconBlockBellatrix: &eth.SignedBlindedBeaconBlockBellatrix{},
+	// Decode blinded block based on the current fork version.
+	// The beacon node sends JSON using api/server/structs types.
+	var err error
+	switch p.currVersion {
+	case version.Electra:
+		var sb structs.SignedBlindedBeaconBlockElectra
+		err = json.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&sb)
+	case version.Deneb:
+		var sb structs.SignedBlindedBeaconBlockDeneb
+		err = json.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&sb)
+	case version.Capella:
+		var sb structs.SignedBlindedBeaconBlockCapella
+		err = json.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&sb)
+	default:
+		var sb structs.SignedBlindedBeaconBlockBellatrix
+		err = json.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&sb)
 	}
-	err := json.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(sb)
 	if err != nil {
-		p.cfg.logger.WithError(err).Error("Could not decode blinded block")
-		// TODO: Allow the method to unmarshal blinded blocks correctly
+		p.cfg.logger.WithError(err).WithField("version", version.String(p.currVersion)).Error("Could not decode blinded block")
 	}
 	if p.currPayload == nil {
 		p.cfg.logger.Error("No payload is cached")

testing/spectest/utils/BUILD.bazel

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ go_library(
     importpath = "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/testing/spectest/utils",
     visibility = ["//testing/spectest:__subpackages__"],
     deps = [
-        "//config/features:go_default_library",
         "//config/params:go_default_library",
         "//io/file:go_default_library",
         "//testing/require:go_default_library",

testing/spectest/utils/config.go

@@ -6,20 +6,12 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/features"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v7/config/params"
 )
 
 // SetConfig sets the global params for spec tests depending on the option chosen.
 // Provides reset function allowing to get back to the previous configuration at the end of a test.
 func SetConfig(t testing.TB, config string) error {
-	params.SetupTestConfigCleanup(t)
-
-	resetFeatures := features.InitWithReset(&features.Flags{
-		LowValcountSweep: true,
-	})
-	t.Cleanup(resetFeatures)
-
 	switch config {
 	case "minimal":
 		params.OverrideBeaconConfig(params.MinimalSpecConfig().Copy())

third_party/com_github_consensys_gnark_crypto.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+diff --git a/ecc/bls12-381/fp/BUILD.bazel b/ecc/bls12-381/fp/BUILD.bazel
+index 4d57841..5b1dec4 100644
+--- a/ecc/bls12-381/fp/BUILD.bazel
++++ b/ecc/bls12-381/fp/BUILD.bazel
+@@ -7,15 +7,21 @@ go_library(
+         "arith.go",
+         "doc.go",
+         "element.go",
+-        "element_amd64.go",
+-        "element_amd64.s",
+-        "element_arm64.go",
+-        "element_arm64.s",
+         "element_exp.go",
+         "element_purego.go",
+         "vector.go",
+         "vector_purego.go",
+-    ],
++    ] + select({
++        "@io_bazel_rules_go//go/platform:amd64": [
++          "element_amd64.go",
++          "//field/asm/element_6w:element_6w_amd64"
++        ],
++        "@io_bazel_rules_go//go/platform:arm64": [
++          "element_arm64.go",
++          "//field/asm/element_6w:element_6w_arm64"
++        ],
++        "//conditions:default": [],
++    }),
+     importpath = "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bls12-381/fp",
+     visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+     deps = [
+diff --git a/ecc/bls12-381/fr/BUILD.bazel b/ecc/bls12-381/fr/BUILD.bazel
+index e24b29b..6beeb04 100644
+--- a/ecc/bls12-381/fr/BUILD.bazel
++++ b/ecc/bls12-381/fr/BUILD.bazel
+@@ -7,17 +7,24 @@ go_library(
+         "arith.go",
+         "doc.go",
+         "element.go",
+-        "element_amd64.go",
+-        "element_amd64.s",
+-        "element_arm64.go",
+-        "element_arm64.s",
+         "element_exp.go",
+         "element_purego.go",
+         "generator.go",
+         "vector.go",
+-        "vector_amd64.go",
+         "vector_purego.go",
+-    ],
++    ] + select({
++        "@io_bazel_rules_go//go/platform:amd64": [
++          "element_amd64.go",
++          "//field/asm/element_4w:element_4w_amd64",
++          "vector_amd64.go",
++        ],
++        "@io_bazel_rules_go//go/platform:arm64": [
++          "element_arm64.go",
++          "//field/asm/element_4w:element_4w_arm64"
++        ],
++        "//conditions:default": [],
++    }),
++
+     importpath = "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bls12-381/fr",
+     visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+     deps = [
+diff --git a/field/asm/element_4w/BUILD.bazel b/field/asm/element_4w/BUILD.bazel
+index ef0882d..975e6f9 100644
+--- a/field/asm/element_4w/BUILD.bazel
++++ b/field/asm/element_4w/BUILD.bazel
+@@ -16,3 +16,15 @@ alias(
+     actual = ":element_4w",
+     visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+ )
++
++filegroup(
++    name = "element_4w_amd64",
++    srcs = ["element_4w_amd64.s"],
++    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
++)
++
++filegroup(
++    name = "element_4w_arm64",
++    srcs = ["element_4w_arm64.s"],
++    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
++)
+diff --git a/field/asm/element_6w/BUILD.bazel b/field/asm/element_6w/BUILD.bazel
+index fbbe81c..fd99a62 100644
+--- a/field/asm/element_6w/BUILD.bazel
++++ b/field/asm/element_6w/BUILD.bazel
+@@ -16,3 +16,15 @@ alias(
+     actual = ":element_6w",
+     visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+ )
++
++filegroup(
++    name = "element_6w_amd64",
++    srcs = ["element_6w_amd64.s"],
++    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
++)
++
++filegroup(
++    name = "element_6w_arm64",
++    srcs = ["element_6w_arm64.s"],
++    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
++)
+diff -urN gnark-patch-a/ecc/bn254/fp/BUILD.bazel gnark-patch-b/ecc/bn254/fp/BUILD.bazel
+--- gnark-patch-a/ecc/bn254/fp/BUILD.bazel	2025-11-19 13:10:39
++++ gnark-patch-b/ecc/bn254/fp/BUILD.bazel	2025-11-19 13:08:50
+@@ -7,16 +7,22 @@
+         "arith.go",
+         "doc.go",
+         "element.go",
+-        "element_amd64.go",
+-        "element_amd64.s",
+-        "element_arm64.go",
+-        "element_arm64.s",
+         "element_exp.go",
+         "element_purego.go",
+         "vector.go",
+-        "vector_amd64.go",
+         "vector_purego.go",
+-    ],
++    ] + select({
++        "@io_bazel_rules_go//go/platform:amd64": [
++            "element_amd64.go",
++            "//field/asm/element_4w:element_4w_amd64",
++            "vector_amd64.go",
++        ],
++        "@io_bazel_rules_go//go/platform:arm64": [
++            "element_arm64.go",
++            "//field/asm/element_4w:element_4w_arm64",
++        ],
++        "//conditions:default": [],
++    }),
+     importpath = "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bn254/fp",
+     visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+     deps = [
+diff -urN gnark-patch-a/ecc/bn254/fr/BUILD.bazel gnark-patch-b/ecc/bn254/fr/BUILD.bazel
+--- gnark-patch-a/ecc/bn254/fr/BUILD.bazel	2025-11-19 13:10:39
++++ gnark-patch-b/ecc/bn254/fr/BUILD.bazel	2025-11-19 13:08:55
+@@ -7,17 +7,23 @@
+         "arith.go",
+         "doc.go",
+         "element.go",
+-        "element_amd64.go",
+-        "element_amd64.s",
+-        "element_arm64.go",
+-        "element_arm64.s",
+         "element_exp.go",
+         "element_purego.go",
+         "generator.go",
+         "vector.go",
+-        "vector_amd64.go",
+         "vector_purego.go",
+-    ],
++    ] + select({
++        "@io_bazel_rules_go//go/platform:amd64": [
++            "element_amd64.go",
++            "//field/asm/element_4w:element_4w_amd64",
++            "vector_amd64.go",
++        ],
++        "@io_bazel_rules_go//go/platform:arm64": [
++            "element_arm64.go",
++            "//field/asm/element_4w:element_4w_arm64",
++        ],
++        "//conditions:default": [],
++    }),
+     importpath = "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bn254/fr",
+     visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+     deps = [

third_party/com_github_offchainlabs_hashtree.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+diff -urN a/BUILD.bazel b/BUILD.bazel
+--- a/BUILD.bazel	1969-12-31 18:00:00.000000000 -0600
++++ b/BUILD.bazel	2025-01-05 12:00:00.000000000 -0600
+@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
++load("@io_bazel_rules_go//go:def.bzl", "go_library")
++
++go_library(
++    name = "go_default_library",
++    srcs = [
++        "bindings.go",
++        "sha256_1_generic.go",
++    ] + select({
++        "@io_bazel_rules_go//go/platform:linux_amd64": [
++            "bindings_amd64.go",
++            "wrapper_linux_amd64.s",
++            ":hashtree_amd64_syso",
++        ],
++        "@io_bazel_rules_go//go/platform:windows_amd64": [
++            "bindings_amd64.go",
++            "wrapper_windows_amd64.s",
++            ":hashtree_amd64_syso",
++        ],
++        "@io_bazel_rules_go//go/platform:linux_arm64": [
++            "bindings_arm64.go",
++            "wrapper_arm64.s",
++            ":hashtree_arm64_syso",
++        ],
++        "@io_bazel_rules_go//go/platform:darwin_arm64": [
++            "bindings_arm64.go",
++            "wrapper_arm64.s",
++            ":hashtree_arm64_syso",
++        ],
++        "@io_bazel_rules_go//go/platform:darwin_amd64": [
++            "bindings_darwin_amd64.go",
++        ],
++        "//conditions:default": [],
++    }),
++    importpath = "github.com/OffchainLabs/hashtree",
++    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
++    deps = ["@com_github_klauspost_cpuid_v2//:go_default_library"],
++)
++
++genrule(
++    name = "hashtree_arm64_syso",
++    srcs = [":hashtree_arm64"],
++    outs = ["hashtree_arm64.syso"],
++    cmd = "cp $(location :hashtree_arm64) $@",
++)
++
++genrule(
++    name = "hashtree_amd64_syso",
++    srcs = [":hashtree_amd64"],
++    outs = ["hashtree_amd64.syso"],
++    cmd = "cp $(location :hashtree_amd64) $@",
++)
++
++cc_library(
++    name = "hashtree_arm64",
++    srcs = [
++        "src/hashtree.c",
++        "src/sha256_generic.c",
++        "src/sha256_armv8_crypto.S",
++        "src/sha256_armv8_neon_x1.S",
++        "src/sha256_armv8_neon_x4.S",
++    ],
++    hdrs = ["src/hashtree.h"],
++    copts = ["-O3", "-Wall"],
++    linkstatic = True,
++    strip_include_prefix = "src",
++    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
++)
++
++cc_library(
++    name = "hashtree_amd64",
++    srcs = [
++        "src/hashtree.c",
++        "src/sha256_generic.c",
++        "src/sha256_avx_x1.S",
++        "src/sha256_avx_x4.S",
++        "src/sha256_avx_x8.S",
++        "src/sha256_avx_x16.S",
++        "src/sha256_shani.S",
++        "src/sha256_sse_x1.S",
++    ],
++    hdrs = ["src/hashtree.h"],
++    copts = ["-O3", "-Wall", "-fno-integrated-as"],
++    linkstatic = True,
++    strip_include_prefix = "src",
++    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
++)

tools/go/def.bzl

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ def _go_test_transition_impl(settings, attr):
 
     if attr.eth_network == "minimal":
         settings["//proto:network"] = "minimal"
-        settings["@io_bazel_rules_go//go/config:tags"] = ["minimal"] + settings["@io_bazel_rules_go//go/config:tags"] 
+        settings["@io_bazel_rules_go//go/config:tags"] = ["minimal"] + settings["@io_bazel_rules_go//go/config:tags"]
     elif attr.eth_network == "mainnet":  # Default / optional
         settings["//proto:network"] = "mainnet"
         settings["@io_bazel_rules_go//go/config:tags"] = ["mainnet"] + settings["@io_bazel_rules_go//go/config:tags"]