Fix TestForkChoice_GetProposerHead

Fixing forkchoice tests, then spectests. Now asking for help...
Fixing failed forkchoice tests in a new commit so it doesn't get worse
2026-01-10 13:58:09 -05:00 · 2025-06-17 21:12:15 -03:00 · 2025-06-17 16:12:34 -05:00 · 2025-06-17 16:12:34 -05:00 · 2025-06-17 16:12:34 -05:00 · 2025-06-16 22:09:18 +00:00
1446 changed files with 29209 additions and 12846 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/changelog.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/changelog.yml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
        uses: dsaltares/fetch-gh-release-asset@aa2ab1243d6e0d5b405b973c89fa4d06a2d0fff7 # 1.1.2
        with:
          repo: OffchainLabs/unclog
-          version: "tags/v0.1.3"
+          version: "tags/v0.1.5"
          file: "unclog"

      - name: Get new changelog files
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -4,6 +4,151 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.

 The format is based on Keep a Changelog, and this project adheres to Semantic Versioning.

+## [v6.0.4](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/compare/v6.0.3...v6.0.4) - 2025-06-05
+
+This release has more work on PeerDAS, and light client support. Additionally, we have a few bug fixes:
+- Blob cache size now correctly set at startup.
+- A fix for slashing protection history exports where the validator database was in a nested folder.
+- Corrected behavior of the API call for state committees with an invalid request.
+- `/bin/sh` is now symlinked to `/bin/bash` for Prysm docker images.
+
+In the [Hoodi](https://github.com/eth-clients/hoodi) testnet, the default gas limit is raised to 60M gas. 
+
+### Added
+
+- Add light client mainnet spec test. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15295)
+- Add support for light client req/resp domain. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15281)
+- Added /bin/sh simlink to docker images. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15294)
+- Added Prysm build data to otel tracing spans. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15302)
+- Add light client minimal spec test support for `update_ranking` tests. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15297)
+- Add fulu operation and epoch processing spec tests. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15284)
+- Updated e2e Beacon API evaluator to support more endpoints, including the ones introduced in Electra. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15304)
+- Data column sidecars verification methods. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15232)
+- Implement data column sidecars filesystem. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15257)
+- Add blob schedule support from https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/4277. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15272)
+-  random forkchoice spec tests for fulu. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15287)
+- Add ability to download nightly test vectors. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15312)
+- PeerDAS: Validation pipeline for data column sidecars received via gossip. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15310)
+- PeerDAS: Implement P2P. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15347)
+- PeerDAS: Implement the blockchain package. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15350)
+
+### Changed
+
+- Update spec tests to v1.6.0-alpha.0. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15306)
+- PeerDAS: Refactor the reconstruction pipeline. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15309)
+- PeerDAS: `DataColumnStorage.Get` - Exit early no columns are available. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15309)
+- Default hoodi testnet builder gas limit to 60M. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15361)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fix cyclical dependencies issue when using testing/util package. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15248)
+- Set seen blob cache size correctly based on current slot time at start up. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15348)
+- Fix `slashing-protection-history export` failing when `validator.db` is in a nested folder like `data/direct/`. (#14954). [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15351)
+- Made `/eth/v1/beacon/states/{state_id}/committees` endpoint return `400` when slot does not belong to the specified epoch, aligning with the Beacon API spec (#15355). [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15356)
+- Removed eager validator context cancellation that was causing validator builder registrations to fail occasionally. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15369)
+
+## [v6.0.3](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/compare/v6.0.2...v6.0.3) - 2025-05-21
+
+This release has important bugfixes for users of the [Beacon API](https://ethereum.github.io/beacon-APIs/). These fixes include:
+- Fixed pending consolidations endpoint to return the correct response.
+- Fixed incorrect field name from pending partial withdrawals response.
+- Fixed attester slashing to return an empty array instead of nil/null. 
+- Fixed validator participation and active set changes endpoints to accept a `{state_id}` parameter. 
+
+Other improvements include:
+- Disabled deposit log processing routine for Electra and beyond.
+
+Operators are encouraged to update at their own convenience.
+
+### Added
+
+- ssz static spec tests for fulu. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15279)
+- finality and merkle proof spec tests for fulu. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15286)
+- sanity and rewards spec tests for fulu. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15285)
+
+### Changed
+
+- Added more tracing spans to various helpers related to GetDuties. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15271)
+- Disable log processing after deposit requests are activated. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15274)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- fixed wrong handler for get pending consolidations endpoint. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15290)
+- Fixed /eth/v2/beacon/pool/attester_slashings no slashings returns empty array instead of nil. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15291)
+- Fix Prysm endpoints `/prysm/v1/validators/{state_id}/participation` and `/prysm/v1/validators/{state_id}/active_set_changes` to properly handle `{state_id}`. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15245)
+
+## [v6.0.2](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/compare/v6.0.1...v6.0.2) - 2025-05-12
+
+This is a patch release to fix a few important bugs. Most importantly, we have adjusted the index limit for field tries in the beacon state to better support Pectra states. This should alleviate memory issues that clients are seeing since Pectra mainnet fork.
+
+### Added
+
+- Enable light client gossip for optimistic and finality updates. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15220)
+- Implement peerDAS core functions. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15192)
+- Force duties start on received blocks. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15251)
+- Added additional tracing spans for the GetDuties routine. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15258)
+
+### Changed
+
+- Use otelgrpc for tracing grpc server and client. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15237)
+- Upgraded ristretto to v2.2.0, for RISC-V support. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15170)
+- Update spec to v1.5.0 compliance which changes minimal execution requests size. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15256)
+- Increase indices limit in field trie rebuilding. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15252)
+- Increase sepolia gas limit to 60M. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15253)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fixed wrong field name in pending partial withdrawals was returned on state json representation, described in https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/specs/electra/beacon-chain.md#pendingpartialwithdrawal. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15254)
+- Fixed gocognit on propose block rest path. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15147)
+
+## [v6.0.1](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/compare/v6.0.0...v6.0.1) - 2025-05-02
+
+This release fixes two bugs related to the `payload_attributes` [event stream](https://ethereum.github.io/beacon-APIs/#/Events/eventstream). If you are using or planning to use this endpoint, upgrading to version 6.0.1 is mandatory.  
+Also, a reminder: like other Beacon API endpoints, when a node is syncing, it may return historical data as `finalized` or `head`. Until the node is fully synced to the head of the chain, you should avoid using this data, depending on your application's needs.
+
+We currently recommend against using the `--enable-beacon-rest-api` flag on Mainnet. As you may have noticed, we put a deprecation notice on our gRPC code, in particular on gRPC-related flags. The reason for this is that we want to eventually remove gRPC and have REST HTTP as the standard way of communication between the validator client and the beacon node. That being said, the REST option is still unstable and thus marked as experimental in the flag's description (the flag is `--enable-beacon-rest-api`). Therefore we encourage everyone to keep using gRPC, which is currently the default. It is fine to test the REST option on testnets, but doing it on Mainnet can lead to missing attestations and even missing blocks.
+
+**Updating to v6.0.0 or later is required for Pectra Mainnet!**
+
+This patch release has a few important fixes from v6.0.0. Updating to this release is encouraged.
+
+### Added
+
+- `UpgradeToFulu` spectests. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15190)
+- PeerDAS related KZG wrappers. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15186)
+- Add light client p2p broadcaster functions. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15175)
+- Added immediate broadcasting of proposer slashings when equivocating blocks are detected during block processing. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/14693)
+- Added 2 new errors: `HeadStateErr` and `ErrCouldNotVerifyBlockHeader`. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/14693)
+- Implement pending consolidations Beacon API endpoint. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15219)
+- PeerDAS: Add needed proto files and corresponding generated code. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15187)
+- Add light client p2p validator and subscriber functions. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15214)
+
+### Changed
+
+- Refactored internal function `reValidateSubscriptions` to `pruneSubscriptions` in `beacon-chain/sync/subscriber.go` for improved clarity, addressing a TODO comment. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15160)
+- Updated geth to v1.15.9. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15216)
+- Removed the slot from `UpdateDuties`. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15223)
+- Update hoodie bootnodes. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15240)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- avoid nondeterministic default fork value when generate genesis. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15151)
+- `UpgradeToFulu`. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15190)
+- fixed underflow with balances in leaking edge case with expected withdrawals. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15191)
+- Fixes our generated ssz files to have the correct package name. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15199)
+- Fixes our blob sidecar by root request lists for electra. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15209)
+- Ensure that the `payload_attributes` event has a consistent view of the head state by passing the head block in the event and using stategen to retrieve the corresponding state. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15213)
+- Pass parent context to update duties when dependent roots change. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15221)
+- Process slots across epoch for payload attribute event. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15228)
+- extend the payload attribute computation deadline to the beginning of the proposal slot. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15230)
+
+### Security
+
+- Fix CVE-2025-22869. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15204)
+- Fix CVE-2025-22870. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15204)
+- Fix CVE-2025-22872. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15204)
+- Fix CVE-2025-30204. [[PR]](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/pull/15204)
+
 ## [v6.0.0](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/compare/v5.3.2...v6.0.0) - 2025-04-21

 This release introduces Mainnet support for the upcoming Electra + Prague (Pectra) fork. The fork is scheduled for mainnet epoch 364032 (May 7, 2025, 10:05:11 UTC). You MUST update Prysm Beacon Node, Prysm Validator Client, and your execution layer client to the Pectra ready release prior to the fork to stay on the correct chain.
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Note: The latest and most up-to-date documentation can be found on our [docs por

 Excited by our work and want to get involved in building out our sharding releases? Or maybe you haven't learned as much about the Ethereum protocol but are a savvy developer? 

-You can explore our [Open Issues](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/issues) in-the works for our different releases. Feel free to fork our repo and start creating PR’s after assigning yourself to an issue of interest. We are always chatting on [Discord](https://discord.gg/CTYGPUJ) drop us a line there if you want to get more involved or have any questions on our implementation!
+You can explore our [Open Issues](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/issues) in-the works for our different releases. Feel free to fork our repo and start creating PR’s after assigning yourself to an issue of interest. We are always chatting on [Discord](https://discord.gg/prysm) drop us a line there if you want to get more involved or have any questions on our implementation!

 > [!IMPORTANT] 
 > Please, **do not send pull requests for trivial changes**, such as typos, these will be rejected. These types of pull requests incur a cost to reviewers and do not provide much value to the project. If you are unsure, please open an issue first to discuss the change.
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 [![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm)
 [![Consensus_Spec_Version 1.4.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/Consensus%20Spec%20Version-v1.4.0-blue.svg)](https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/tree/v1.4.0)
 [![Execution_API_Version 1.0.0-beta.2](https://img.shields.io/badge/Execution%20API%20Version-v1.0.0.beta.2-blue.svg)](https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/tree/v1.0.0-beta.2/src/engine)
-[![Discord](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/7288322/34471967-1df7808a-efbb-11e7-9088-ed0b04151291.png)](https://discord.gg/OffchainLabs)
+[![Discord](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/7288322/34471967-1df7808a-efbb-11e7-9088-ed0b04151291.png)](https://discord.gg/prysm)
 [![GitPOAP Badge](https://public-api.gitpoap.io/v1/repo/OffchainLabs/prysm/badge)](https://www.gitpoap.io/gh/OffchainLabs/prysm)

 </div>
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ See the [Changelog](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/releases) for details

 A detailed set of installation and usage instructions as well as breakdowns of each individual component are available in the **[official documentation portal](https://docs.prylabs.network)**.

-💬 **Need help?** Join our **[Discord Community](https://discord.gg/OffchainLabs)** for support.
+💬 **Need help?** Join our **[Discord Community](https://discord.gg/prysm)** for support.

 ---

--- a/66
+++ b/66
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 workspace(name = "prysm")

-load("@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:http.bzl", "http_archive")
 load("@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:git.bzl", "git_repository")
+load("@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:http.bzl", "http_archive")

 http_archive(
    name = "rules_pkg",
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@ load("@rules_pkg//:deps.bzl", "rules_pkg_dependencies")

 rules_pkg_dependencies()

-load("@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:http.bzl", "http_archive")
-
 http_archive(
    name = "toolchains_protoc",
    sha256 = "abb1540f8a9e045422730670ebb2f25b41fa56ca5a7cf795175a110a0a68f4ad",
@@ -255,56 +253,18 @@ filegroup(
    url = "https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/archive/5480440fe51742ed23342b68cf106cefd427e39d.tar.gz",
 )

-consensus_spec_version = "v1.5.0-beta.5"
+consensus_spec_version = "v1.6.0-alpha.1"

-bls_test_version = "v0.1.1"
+load("@prysm//tools:download_spectests.bzl", "consensus_spec_tests")

-http_archive(
-    name = "consensus_spec_tests_general",
-    build_file_content = """
-filegroup(
-    name = "test_data",
-    srcs = glob([
-        "**/*.ssz_snappy",
-        "**/*.yaml",
-    ]),
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-)
-    """,
-    integrity = "sha256-H+Pt4z+HCVDnEBAv814yvsjR7f5l1IpumjFoTj2XnLE=",
-    url = "https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-spec-tests/releases/download/%s/general.tar.gz" % consensus_spec_version,
-)
-
-http_archive(
-    name = "consensus_spec_tests_minimal",
-    build_file_content = """
-filegroup(
-    name = "test_data",
-    srcs = glob([
-        "**/*.ssz_snappy",
-        "**/*.yaml",
-    ]),
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-)
-    """,
-    integrity = "sha256-Dqiwf5BG7yYyURGf+i87AIdArAyztvcgjoi2kSxrGvo=",
-    url = "https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-spec-tests/releases/download/%s/minimal.tar.gz" % consensus_spec_version,
-)
-
-http_archive(
-    name = "consensus_spec_tests_mainnet",
-    build_file_content = """
-filegroup(
-    name = "test_data",
-    srcs = glob([
-        "**/*.ssz_snappy",
-        "**/*.yaml",
-    ]),
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-)
-    """,
-    integrity = "sha256-xrmsFF243pzXHAjh1EQYKS9gtcwmtHK3wRZDSLlVVRk=",
-    url = "https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-spec-tests/releases/download/%s/mainnet.tar.gz" % consensus_spec_version,
+consensus_spec_tests(
+    name = "consensus_spec_tests",
+    flavors = {
+        "general": "sha256-o4t9p3R+fQHF4KOykGmwlG3zDw5wUdVWprkzId8aIsk=",
+        "minimal": "sha256-sU7ToI8t3MR8x0vVjC8ERmAHZDWpEmnAC9FWIpHi5x4=",
+        "mainnet": "sha256-YKS4wngg0LgI9Upp4MYJ77aG+8+e/G4YeqEIlp06LZw=",
+    },
+    version = consensus_spec_version,
 )

 http_archive(
@@ -318,11 +278,13 @@ filegroup(
    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )
    """,
-    integrity = "sha256-c+gGapqifCvFtmtxfhOwieBDO2Syxp13GECWEpWM/Ho=",
+    integrity = "sha256-Nv4TEuEJPQIM4E6T9J0FOITsmappmXZjGtlhe1HEXnU=",
    strip_prefix = "consensus-specs-" + consensus_spec_version[1:],
    url = "https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/archive/refs/tags/%s.tar.gz" % consensus_spec_version,
 )

+bls_test_version = "v0.1.1"
+
 http_archive(
    name = "bls_spec_tests",
    build_file_content = """
--- a/api/client/beacon/health/health_test.go
+++ b/api/client/beacon/health/health_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package health

 import (
-	"context"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"

@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ func TestNodeHealth_IsHealthy(t *testing.T) {
 				isHealthy:  &tt.isHealthy,
 				healthChan: make(chan bool, 1),
 			}
-			if got := n.IsHealthy(context.Background()); got != tt.want {
+			if got := n.IsHealthy(t.Context()); got != tt.want {
 				t.Errorf("IsHealthy() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
 			}
 		})
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ func TestNodeHealth_UpdateNodeHealth(t *testing.T) {
 				healthChan: make(chan bool, 1),
 			}

-			s := n.CheckHealth(context.Background())
+			s := n.CheckHealth(t.Context())
 			// Check if health status was updated
 			if s != tt.newStatus {
 				t.Errorf("UpdateNodeHealth() failed to update isHealthy from %v to %v", tt.initial, tt.newStatus)
@@ -93,9 +92,9 @@ func TestNodeHealth_Concurrency(t *testing.T) {
 		go func() {
 			defer wg.Done()
 			client.EXPECT().IsHealthy(gomock.Any()).Return(false).Times(1)
-			n.CheckHealth(context.Background())
+			n.CheckHealth(t.Context())
 			client.EXPECT().IsHealthy(gomock.Any()).Return(true).Times(1)
-			n.CheckHealth(context.Background())
+			n.CheckHealth(t.Context())
 		}()
 	}

@@ -103,7 +102,7 @@ func TestNodeHealth_Concurrency(t *testing.T) {
 	for i := 0; i < numGoroutines; i++ {
 		go func() {
 			defer wg.Done()
-			_ = n.IsHealthy(context.Background()) // Just read the value
+			_ = n.IsHealthy(t.Context()) // Just read the value
 		}()
 	}

--- a/api/client/builder/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/api/client/builder/BUILD.bazel
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ go_library(
    deps = [
        "//api:go_default_library",
        "//api/client:go_default_library",
-        "//api/server:go_default_library",
        "//api/server/structs:go_default_library",
        "//config/fieldparams:go_default_library",
        "//config/params:go_default_library",
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ go_library(
        "//proto/engine/v1:go_default_library",
        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
        "//runtime/version:go_default_library",
-        "@com_github_ethereum_go_ethereum//common:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_ethereum_go_ethereum//common/hexutil:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_pkg_errors//:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_prysmaticlabs_fastssz//:go_default_library",
--- a/api/client/builder/client.go
+++ b/api/client/builder/client.go
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ func (c *Client) GetHeader(ctx context.Context, slot primitives.Slot, parentHash
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error getting header from builder server")
 	}

-	bid, err := c.parseHeaderResponse(data, header)
+	bid, err := c.parseHeaderResponse(data, header, slot)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrapf(
 			err,
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ func (c *Client) GetHeader(ctx context.Context, slot primitives.Slot, parentHash
 	return bid, nil
 }

-func (c *Client) parseHeaderResponse(data []byte, header http.Header) (SignedBid, error) {
+func (c *Client) parseHeaderResponse(data []byte, header http.Header, slot primitives.Slot) (SignedBid, error) {
 	var versionHeader string
 	if c.sszEnabled || header.Get(api.VersionHeader) != "" {
 		versionHeader = header.Get(api.VersionHeader)
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ func (c *Client) parseHeaderResponse(data []byte, header http.Header) (SignedBid
 	}

 	if ver >= version.Electra {
-		return c.parseHeaderElectra(data)
+		return c.parseHeaderElectra(data, slot)
 	}
 	if ver >= version.Deneb {
 		return c.parseHeaderDeneb(data)
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ func (c *Client) parseHeaderResponse(data []byte, header http.Header) (SignedBid
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported header version %s", versionHeader)
 }

-func (c *Client) parseHeaderElectra(data []byte) (SignedBid, error) {
+func (c *Client) parseHeaderElectra(data []byte, slot primitives.Slot) (SignedBid, error) {
 	if c.sszEnabled {
 		sb := &ethpb.SignedBuilderBidElectra{}
 		if err := sb.UnmarshalSSZ(data); err != nil {
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ func (c *Client) parseHeaderElectra(data []byte) (SignedBid, error) {
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, hr); err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not unmarshal ExecHeaderResponseElectra JSON")
 	}
-	p, err := hr.ToProto()
+	p, err := hr.ToProto(slot)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not convert ExecHeaderResponseElectra to proto")
 	}
--- a/api/client/builder/client_test.go
+++ b/api/client/builder/client_test.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package builder

 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ func (fn roundtrip) RoundTrip(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 }

 func TestClient_Status(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	statusPath := "/eth/v1/builder/status"
 	hc := &http.Client{
 		Transport: roundtrip(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ func TestClient_Status(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestClient_RegisterValidator(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	expectedBody := `[{"message":{"fee_recipient":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000","gas_limit":"23","timestamp":"42","pubkey":"0x93247f2209abcacf57b75a51dafae777f9dd38bc7053d1af526f220a7489a6d3a2753e5f3e8b1cfe39b56f43611df74a"},"signature":"0x1b66ac1fb663c9bc59509846d6ec05345bd908eda73e670af888da41af171505cc411d61252fb6cb3fa0017b679f8bb2305b26a285fa2737f175668d0dff91cc1b66ac1fb663c9bc59509846d6ec05345bd908eda73e670af888da41af171505"}]`
 	expectedPath := "/eth/v1/builder/validators"
 	t.Run("JSON success", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -168,7 +167,7 @@ func TestClient_RegisterValidator(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestClient_GetHeader(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	expectedPath := "/eth/v1/builder/header/23/0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2/0x93247f2209abcacf57b75a51dafae777f9dd38bc7053d1af526f220a7489a6d3a2753e5f3e8b1cfe39b56f43611df74a"
 	var slot primitives.Slot = 23
 	parentHash := ezDecode(t, "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2")
@@ -532,7 +531,7 @@ func TestClient_GetHeader(t *testing.T) {
 				require.Equal(t, expectedPath, r.URL.Path)
 				epr := &ExecHeaderResponseElectra{}
 				require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(testExampleHeaderResponseElectra), epr))
-				pro, err := epr.ToProto()
+				pro, err := epr.ToProto(100)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				ssz, err := pro.MarshalSSZ()
 				require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -601,7 +600,7 @@ func TestClient_GetHeader(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestSubmitBlindedBlock(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()

 	t.Run("bellatrix", func(t *testing.T) {
 		hc := &http.Client{
@@ -640,9 +639,9 @@ func TestSubmitBlindedBlock(t *testing.T) {
 				require.Equal(t, api.OctetStreamMediaType, r.Header.Get("Accept"))
 				epr := &ExecutionPayloadResponse{}
 				require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(testExampleExecutionPayload), epr))
-				ep := &ExecutionPayload{}
+				ep := &structs.ExecutionPayload{}
 				require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(epr.Data, ep))
-				pro, err := ep.ToProto()
+				pro, err := ep.ToConsensus()
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				ssz, err := pro.MarshalSSZ()
 				require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -710,9 +709,9 @@ func TestSubmitBlindedBlock(t *testing.T) {
 				require.Equal(t, api.OctetStreamMediaType, r.Header.Get("Accept"))
 				epr := &ExecutionPayloadResponse{}
 				require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(testExampleExecutionPayloadCapella), epr))
-				ep := &ExecutionPayloadCapella{}
+				ep := &structs.ExecutionPayloadCapella{}
 				require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(epr.Data, ep))
-				pro, err := ep.ToProto()
+				pro, err := ep.ToConsensus()
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				ssz, err := pro.MarshalSSZ()
 				require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1559,7 +1558,7 @@ func TestRequestLogger(t *testing.T) {
 	c, err := NewClient("localhost:3500", wo)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	hc := &http.Client{
 		Transport: roundtrip(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 			require.Equal(t, getStatus, r.URL.Path)
--- a/api/client/builder/types.go
+++ b/api/client/builder/types.go
--- a/api/client/builder/types_test.go
+++ b/api/client/builder/types_test.go
@@ -328,72 +328,72 @@ func TestExecutionHeaderResponseUnmarshal(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.ParentHash),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.ParentHash,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.ParentHash",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xabcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc09",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.FeeRecipient),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.FeeRecipient,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.FeeRecipient",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.StateRoot),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.StateRoot,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.StateRoot",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.ReceiptsRoot),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.ReceiptsRoot,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.ReceiptsRoot",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.LogsBloom),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.LogsBloom,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.LogsBloom",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.PrevRandao),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.PrevRandao,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.PrevRandao",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", hr.Data.Message.Header.BlockNumber),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.BlockNumber,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.BlockNumber",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", hr.Data.Message.Header.GasLimit),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.GasLimit,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.GasLimit",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", hr.Data.Message.Header.GasUsed),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.GasUsed,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.GasUsed",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", hr.Data.Message.Header.Timestamp),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.Timestamp,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.Timestamp",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.ExtraData),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.ExtraData,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.ExtraData",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", hr.Data.Message.Header.BaseFeePerGas),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.BaseFeePerGas,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.BaseFeePerGas",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.BlockHash),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.BlockHash,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.BlockHash",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.TransactionsRoot),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.TransactionsRoot,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.TransactionsRoot",
 		},
 	}
@@ -427,77 +427,77 @@ func TestExecutionHeaderResponseCapellaUnmarshal(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.ParentHash),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.ParentHash,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.ParentHash",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xabcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc09",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.FeeRecipient),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.FeeRecipient,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.FeeRecipient",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.StateRoot),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.StateRoot,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.StateRoot",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.ReceiptsRoot),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.ReceiptsRoot,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.ReceiptsRoot",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.LogsBloom),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.LogsBloom,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.LogsBloom",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.PrevRandao),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.PrevRandao,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.PrevRandao",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", hr.Data.Message.Header.BlockNumber),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.BlockNumber,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.BlockNumber",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", hr.Data.Message.Header.GasLimit),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.GasLimit,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.GasLimit",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", hr.Data.Message.Header.GasUsed),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.GasUsed,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.GasUsed",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", hr.Data.Message.Header.Timestamp),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.Timestamp,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.Timestamp",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.ExtraData),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.ExtraData,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.ExtraData",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", hr.Data.Message.Header.BaseFeePerGas),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.BaseFeePerGas,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.BaseFeePerGas",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.BlockHash),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.BlockHash,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.BlockHash",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.TransactionsRoot),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.TransactionsRoot,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.TransactionsRoot",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(hr.Data.Message.Header.WithdrawalsRoot),
+			actual:   hr.Data.Message.Header.WithdrawalsRoot,
 			name:     "ExecHeaderResponse.ExecutionPayloadHeader.WithdrawalsRoot",
 		},
 	}
@@ -867,88 +867,6 @@ var testExampleExecutionPayloadDenebDifferentProofCount = fmt.Sprintf(`{
  }
 }`, hexutil.Encode(make([]byte, fieldparams.BlobLength)))

-func TestExecutionPayloadResponseUnmarshal(t *testing.T) {
-	epr := &ExecPayloadResponse{}
-	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(testExampleExecutionPayload), epr))
-	cases := []struct {
-		expected string
-		actual   string
-		name     string
-	}{
-		{
-			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.ParentHash),
-			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.ParentHash",
-		},
-		{
-			expected: "0xabcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc09",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.FeeRecipient),
-			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.FeeRecipient",
-		},
-		{
-			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.StateRoot),
-			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.StateRoot",
-		},
-		{
-			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.ReceiptsRoot),
-			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.ReceiptsRoot",
-		},
-		{
-			expected: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.LogsBloom),
-			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.LogsBloom",
-		},
-		{
-			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.PrevRandao),
-			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.PrevRandao",
-		},
-		{
-			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", epr.Data.BlockNumber),
-			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.BlockNumber",
-		},
-		{
-			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", epr.Data.GasLimit),
-			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.GasLimit",
-		},
-		{
-			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", epr.Data.GasUsed),
-			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.GasUsed",
-		},
-		{
-			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", epr.Data.Timestamp),
-			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.Timestamp",
-		},
-		{
-			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.ExtraData),
-			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.ExtraData",
-		},
-		{
-			expected: "452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", epr.Data.BaseFeePerGas),
-			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.BaseFeePerGas",
-		},
-		{
-			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.BlockHash),
-			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.BlockHash",
-		},
-	}
-	for _, c := range cases {
-		require.Equal(t, c.expected, c.actual, fmt.Sprintf("unexpected value for field %s", c.name))
-	}
-	require.Equal(t, 1, len(epr.Data.Transactions))
-	txHash := "0x02f878831469668303f51d843b9ac9f9843b9aca0082520894c93269b73096998db66be0441e836d873535cb9c8894a19041886f000080c001a031cc29234036afbf9a1fb9476b463367cb1f957ac0b919b69bbc798436e604aaa018c4e9c3914eb27aadd0b91e10b18655739fcf8c1fc398763a9f1beecb8ddc86"
-	require.Equal(t, txHash, hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.Transactions[0]))
-}
-
 func TestExecutionPayloadResponseCapellaUnmarshal(t *testing.T) {
 	epr := &ExecPayloadResponseCapella{}
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(testExampleExecutionPayloadCapella), epr))
@@ -959,67 +877,67 @@ func TestExecutionPayloadResponseCapellaUnmarshal(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.ParentHash),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ParentHash,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.ParentHash",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xabcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc09",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.FeeRecipient),
+			actual:   epr.Data.FeeRecipient,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.FeeRecipient",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.StateRoot),
+			actual:   epr.Data.StateRoot,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.StateRoot",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.ReceiptsRoot),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ReceiptsRoot,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.ReceiptsRoot",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.LogsBloom),
+			actual:   epr.Data.LogsBloom,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.LogsBloom",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.PrevRandao),
+			actual:   epr.Data.PrevRandao,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.PrevRandao",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", epr.Data.BlockNumber),
+			actual:   epr.Data.BlockNumber,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.BlockNumber",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", epr.Data.GasLimit),
+			actual:   epr.Data.GasLimit,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.GasLimit",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", epr.Data.GasUsed),
+			actual:   epr.Data.GasUsed,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.GasUsed",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", epr.Data.Timestamp),
+			actual:   epr.Data.Timestamp,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.Timestamp",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.ExtraData),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ExtraData,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.ExtraData",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", epr.Data.BaseFeePerGas),
+			actual:   epr.Data.BaseFeePerGas,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.BaseFeePerGas",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.BlockHash),
+			actual:   epr.Data.BlockHash,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.BlockHash",
 		},
 	}
@@ -1028,14 +946,14 @@ func TestExecutionPayloadResponseCapellaUnmarshal(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(epr.Data.Transactions))
 	txHash := "0x02f878831469668303f51d843b9ac9f9843b9aca0082520894c93269b73096998db66be0441e836d873535cb9c8894a19041886f000080c001a031cc29234036afbf9a1fb9476b463367cb1f957ac0b919b69bbc798436e604aaa018c4e9c3914eb27aadd0b91e10b18655739fcf8c1fc398763a9f1beecb8ddc86"
-	require.Equal(t, txHash, hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.Transactions[0]))
+	require.Equal(t, txHash, epr.Data.Transactions[0])

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(epr.Data.Withdrawals))
 	w := epr.Data.Withdrawals[0]
-	assert.Equal(t, uint64(1), w.Index.Uint64())
-	assert.Equal(t, uint64(1), w.ValidatorIndex.Uint64())
-	assert.DeepEqual(t, "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943", w.Address.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, uint64(1), w.Amount.Uint64())
+	assert.Equal(t, "1", w.WithdrawalIndex)
+	assert.Equal(t, "1", w.ValidatorIndex)
+	assert.DeepEqual(t, "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943", w.ExecutionAddress)
+	assert.Equal(t, "1", w.Amount)
 }

 func TestExecutionPayloadResponseDenebUnmarshal(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1048,77 +966,77 @@ func TestExecutionPayloadResponseDenebUnmarshal(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.ParentHash),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.ParentHash,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.ParentHash",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xabcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc09",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.FeeRecipient),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.FeeRecipient,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.FeeRecipient",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.StateRoot),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.StateRoot,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.StateRoot",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.ReceiptsRoot),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.ReceiptsRoot,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.ReceiptsRoot",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.LogsBloom),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.LogsBloom,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.LogsBloom",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.PrevRandao),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.PrevRandao,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.PrevRandao",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.BlockNumber),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.BlockNumber,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.BlockNumber",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.GasLimit),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.GasLimit,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.GasLimit",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.GasUsed),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.GasUsed,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.GasUsed",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "1",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.Timestamp),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.Timestamp,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.Timestamp",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.ExtraData),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.ExtraData,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.ExtraData",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.BaseFeePerGas),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.BaseFeePerGas,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.BaseFeePerGas",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2",
-			actual:   hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.BlockHash),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.BlockHash,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.BlockHash",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "2",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.BlobGasUsed),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.BlobGasUsed,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.BlobGasUsed",
 		},
 		{
 			expected: "3",
-			actual:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.ExcessBlobGas),
+			actual:   epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.ExcessBlobGas,
 			name:     "ExecPayloadResponse.ExecutionPayload.ExcessBlobGas",
 		},
 	}
@@ -1127,64 +1045,16 @@ func TestExecutionPayloadResponseDenebUnmarshal(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.Transactions))
 	txHash := "0x02f878831469668303f51d843b9ac9f9843b9aca0082520894c93269b73096998db66be0441e836d873535cb9c8894a19041886f000080c001a031cc29234036afbf9a1fb9476b463367cb1f957ac0b919b69bbc798436e604aaa018c4e9c3914eb27aadd0b91e10b18655739fcf8c1fc398763a9f1beecb8ddc86"
-	require.Equal(t, txHash, hexutil.Encode(epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.Transactions[0]))
+	require.Equal(t, txHash, epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.Transactions[0])

 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.Withdrawals))
 	w := epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.Withdrawals[0]
-	assert.Equal(t, uint64(1), w.Index.Uint64())
-	assert.Equal(t, uint64(1), w.ValidatorIndex.Uint64())
-	assert.DeepEqual(t, "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943", w.Address.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, uint64(1), w.Amount.Uint64())
-	assert.Equal(t, uint64(2), uint64(epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.BlobGasUsed))
-	assert.Equal(t, uint64(3), uint64(epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.ExcessBlobGas))
-}
-
-func TestExecutionPayloadResponseToProto(t *testing.T) {
-	hr := &ExecPayloadResponse{}
-	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(testExampleExecutionPayload), hr))
-	p, err := hr.ToProto()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	parentHash, err := hexutil.Decode("0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	feeRecipient, err := hexutil.Decode("0xabcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc09")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	stateRoot, err := hexutil.Decode("0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	receiptsRoot, err := hexutil.Decode("0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	logsBloom, err := hexutil.Decode("0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	prevRandao, err := hexutil.Decode("0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	extraData, err := hexutil.Decode("0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	blockHash, err := hexutil.Decode("0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	tx, err := hexutil.Decode("0x02f878831469668303f51d843b9ac9f9843b9aca0082520894c93269b73096998db66be0441e836d873535cb9c8894a19041886f000080c001a031cc29234036afbf9a1fb9476b463367cb1f957ac0b919b69bbc798436e604aaa018c4e9c3914eb27aadd0b91e10b18655739fcf8c1fc398763a9f1beecb8ddc86")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	txList := [][]byte{tx}
-
-	bfpg, err := stringToUint256("452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	expected := &v1.ExecutionPayload{
-		ParentHash:    parentHash,
-		FeeRecipient:  feeRecipient,
-		StateRoot:     stateRoot,
-		ReceiptsRoot:  receiptsRoot,
-		LogsBloom:     logsBloom,
-		PrevRandao:    prevRandao,
-		BlockNumber:   1,
-		GasLimit:      1,
-		GasUsed:       1,
-		Timestamp:     1,
-		ExtraData:     extraData,
-		BaseFeePerGas: bfpg.SSZBytes(),
-		BlockHash:     blockHash,
-		Transactions:  txList,
-	}
-	require.DeepEqual(t, expected, p)
+	assert.Equal(t, "1", w.WithdrawalIndex)
+	assert.Equal(t, "1", w.ValidatorIndex)
+	assert.DeepEqual(t, "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943", w.ExecutionAddress)
+	assert.Equal(t, "1", w.Amount)
+	assert.Equal(t, "2", epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.BlobGasUsed)
+	assert.Equal(t, "3", epr.Data.ExecutionPayload.ExcessBlobGas)
 }

 func TestExecutionPayloadResponseCapellaToProto(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1352,16 +1222,6 @@ func pbEth1Data() *eth.Eth1Data {
 	}
 }

-func TestEth1DataMarshal(t *testing.T) {
-	ed := &Eth1Data{
-		Eth1Data: pbEth1Data(),
-	}
-	b, err := json.Marshal(ed)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	expected := `{"deposit_root":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","deposit_count":"23","block_hash":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"}`
-	require.Equal(t, expected, string(b))
-}
-
 func pbSyncAggregate() *eth.SyncAggregate {
 	return &eth.SyncAggregate{
 		SyncCommitteeSignature: make([]byte, 48),
@@ -1369,14 +1229,6 @@ func pbSyncAggregate() *eth.SyncAggregate {
 	}
 }

-func TestSyncAggregate_MarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	sa := &SyncAggregate{pbSyncAggregate()}
-	b, err := json.Marshal(sa)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	expected := `{"sync_committee_bits":"0x01","sync_committee_signature":"0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"}`
-	require.Equal(t, expected, string(b))
-}
-
 func pbDeposit(t *testing.T) *eth.Deposit {
 	return &eth.Deposit{
 		Proof: [][]byte{ezDecode(t, "0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2")},
@@ -1389,16 +1241,6 @@ func pbDeposit(t *testing.T) *eth.Deposit {
 	}
 }

-func TestDeposit_MarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	d := &Deposit{
-		Deposit: pbDeposit(t),
-	}
-	b, err := json.Marshal(d)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	expected := `{"proof":["0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2"],"data":{"pubkey":"0x93247f2209abcacf57b75a51dafae777f9dd38bc7053d1af526f220a7489a6d3a2753e5f3e8b1cfe39b56f43611df74a","withdrawal_credentials":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","amount":"1","signature":"0x1b66ac1fb663c9bc59509846d6ec05345bd908eda73e670af888da41af171505cc411d61252fb6cb3fa0017b679f8bb2305b26a285fa2737f175668d0dff91cc1b66ac1fb663c9bc59509846d6ec05345bd908eda73e670af888da41af171505"}}`
-	require.Equal(t, expected, string(b))
-}
-
 func pbSignedVoluntaryExit(t *testing.T) *eth.SignedVoluntaryExit {
 	return &eth.SignedVoluntaryExit{
 		Exit: &eth.VoluntaryExit{
@@ -1409,16 +1251,6 @@ func pbSignedVoluntaryExit(t *testing.T) *eth.SignedVoluntaryExit {
 	}
 }

-func TestVoluntaryExit(t *testing.T) {
-	ve := &SignedVoluntaryExit{
-		SignedVoluntaryExit: pbSignedVoluntaryExit(t),
-	}
-	b, err := json.Marshal(ve)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	expected := `{"message":{"epoch":"1","validator_index":"1"},"signature":"0x1b66ac1fb663c9bc59509846d6ec05345bd908eda73e670af888da41af171505cc411d61252fb6cb3fa0017b679f8bb2305b26a285fa2737f175668d0dff91cc1b66ac1fb663c9bc59509846d6ec05345bd908eda73e670af888da41af171505"}`
-	require.Equal(t, expected, string(b))
-}
-
 func pbAttestation(t *testing.T) *eth.Attestation {
 	return &eth.Attestation{
 		AggregationBits: bitfield.Bitlist{0x01},
@@ -1439,16 +1271,6 @@ func pbAttestation(t *testing.T) *eth.Attestation {
 	}
 }

-func TestAttestationMarshal(t *testing.T) {
-	a := &Attestation{
-		Attestation: pbAttestation(t),
-	}
-	b, err := json.Marshal(a)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	expected := `{"aggregation_bits":"0x01","data":{"slot":"1","index":"1","beacon_block_root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","source":{"epoch":"1","root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2"},"target":{"epoch":"1","root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2"}},"signature":"0x1b66ac1fb663c9bc59509846d6ec05345bd908eda73e670af888da41af171505cc411d61252fb6cb3fa0017b679f8bb2305b26a285fa2737f175668d0dff91cc1b66ac1fb663c9bc59509846d6ec05345bd908eda73e670af888da41af171505"}`
-	require.Equal(t, expected, string(b))
-}
-
 func pbAttesterSlashing(t *testing.T) *eth.AttesterSlashing {
 	return &eth.AttesterSlashing{
 		Attestation_1: &eth.IndexedAttestation{
@@ -1489,9 +1311,7 @@ func pbAttesterSlashing(t *testing.T) *eth.AttesterSlashing {
 }

 func TestAttesterSlashing_MarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	as := &AttesterSlashing{
-		AttesterSlashing: pbAttesterSlashing(t),
-	}
+	as := structs.AttesterSlashingFromConsensus(pbAttesterSlashing(t))
 	b, err := json.Marshal(as)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	expected := `{"attestation_1":{"attesting_indices":["1"],"data":{"slot":"1","index":"1","beacon_block_root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","source":{"epoch":"1","root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2"},"target":{"epoch":"1","root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2"}},"signature":"0x1b66ac1fb663c9bc59509846d6ec05345bd908eda73e670af888da41af171505cc411d61252fb6cb3fa0017b679f8bb2305b26a285fa2737f175668d0dff91cc1b66ac1fb663c9bc59509846d6ec05345bd908eda73e670af888da41af171505"},"attestation_2":{"attesting_indices":["1"],"data":{"slot":"1","index":"1","beacon_block_root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","source":{"epoch":"1","root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2"},"target":{"epoch":"1","root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2"}},"signature":"0x1b66ac1fb663c9bc59509846d6ec05345bd908eda73e670af888da41af171505cc411d61252fb6cb3fa0017b679f8bb2305b26a285fa2737f175668d0dff91cc1b66ac1fb663c9bc59509846d6ec05345bd908eda73e670af888da41af171505"}}`
@@ -1599,9 +1419,8 @@ func pbExecutionPayloadHeaderDeneb(t *testing.T) *v1.ExecutionPayloadHeaderDeneb
 }

 func TestExecutionPayloadHeader_MarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	h := &ExecutionPayloadHeader{
-		ExecutionPayloadHeader: pbExecutionPayloadHeader(t),
-	}
+	h, err := structs.ExecutionPayloadHeaderFromConsensus(pbExecutionPayloadHeader(t))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	b, err := json.Marshal(h)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	expected := `{"parent_hash":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","fee_recipient":"0xabcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc09","state_root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","receipts_root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","logs_bloom":"0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","prev_randao":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","block_number":"1","gas_limit":"1","gas_used":"1","timestamp":"1","extra_data":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","base_fee_per_gas":"452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656","block_hash":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","transactions_root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2"}`
@@ -1609,9 +1428,9 @@ func TestExecutionPayloadHeader_MarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestExecutionPayloadHeaderCapella_MarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	h := &ExecutionPayloadHeaderCapella{
-		ExecutionPayloadHeaderCapella: pbExecutionPayloadHeaderCapella(t),
-	}
+	h, err := structs.ExecutionPayloadHeaderCapellaFromConsensus(pbExecutionPayloadHeaderCapella(t))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	b, err := json.Marshal(h)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	expected := `{"parent_hash":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","fee_recipient":"0xabcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc09","state_root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","receipts_root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","logs_bloom":"0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","prev_randao":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","block_number":"1","gas_limit":"1","gas_used":"1","timestamp":"1","extra_data":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","base_fee_per_gas":"452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656","block_hash":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","transactions_root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","withdrawals_root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2"}`
@@ -1619,9 +1438,8 @@ func TestExecutionPayloadHeaderCapella_MarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestExecutionPayloadHeaderDeneb_MarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	h := &ExecutionPayloadHeaderDeneb{
-		ExecutionPayloadHeaderDeneb: pbExecutionPayloadHeaderDeneb(t),
-	}
+	h, err := structs.ExecutionPayloadHeaderDenebFromConsensus(pbExecutionPayloadHeaderDeneb(t))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	b, err := json.Marshal(h)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	expected := `{"parent_hash":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","fee_recipient":"0xabcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc09","state_root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","receipts_root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","logs_bloom":"0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","prev_randao":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","block_number":"1","gas_limit":"1","gas_used":"1","timestamp":"1","extra_data":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","base_fee_per_gas":"452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656","block_hash":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","transactions_root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","withdrawals_root":"0xcf8e0d4e9587369b2301d0790347320302cc0943d5a1884560367e8208d920f2","blob_gas_used":"1","excess_blob_gas":"2"}`
@@ -1850,12 +1668,13 @@ func TestRoundTripUint256(t *testing.T) {
 func TestRoundTripProtoUint256(t *testing.T) {
 	h := pbExecutionPayloadHeader(t)
 	h.BaseFeePerGas = []byte{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31}
-	hm := &ExecutionPayloadHeader{ExecutionPayloadHeader: h}
+	hm, err := structs.ExecutionPayloadHeaderFromConsensus(h)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	m, err := json.Marshal(hm)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	hu := &ExecutionPayloadHeader{}
+	hu := &structs.ExecutionPayloadHeader{}
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(m, hu))
-	hp, err := hu.ToProto()
+	hp, err := hu.ToConsensus()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.DeepEqual(t, h.BaseFeePerGas, hp.BaseFeePerGas)
 }
@@ -1863,7 +1682,7 @@ func TestRoundTripProtoUint256(t *testing.T) {
 func TestExecutionPayloadHeaderRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
 	expected, err := os.ReadFile("testdata/execution-payload.json")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	hu := &ExecutionPayloadHeader{}
+	hu := &structs.ExecutionPayloadHeader{}
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(expected, hu))
 	m, err := json.Marshal(hu)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1873,7 +1692,7 @@ func TestExecutionPayloadHeaderRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
 func TestExecutionPayloadHeaderCapellaRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
 	expected, err := os.ReadFile("testdata/execution-payload-capella.json")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	hu := &ExecutionPayloadHeaderCapella{}
+	hu := &structs.ExecutionPayloadHeaderCapella{}
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(expected, hu))
 	m, err := json.Marshal(hu)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1994,11 +1813,9 @@ func TestEmptyResponseBody(t *testing.T) {
 			epr := &ExecutionPayloadResponse{}
 			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(encoded, epr))
 			pp, err := epr.ParsePayload()
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			pb, err := pp.PayloadProto()
 			if err == nil {
 				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.Equal(t, false, pb == nil)
+				require.Equal(t, false, pp == nil)
 			} else {
 				require.ErrorIs(t, err, consensusblocks.ErrNilObject)
 			}
--- a/api/client/event/event_stream.go
+++ b/api/client/event/event_stream.go
@@ -14,22 +14,10 @@ import (
 )

 const (
-	EventHead                        = "head"
-	EventBlock                       = "block"
-	EventAttestation                 = "attestation"
-	EventVoluntaryExit               = "voluntary_exit"
-	EventBlsToExecutionChange        = "bls_to_execution_change"
-	EventProposerSlashing            = "proposer_slashing"
-	EventAttesterSlashing            = "attester_slashing"
-	EventFinalizedCheckpoint         = "finalized_checkpoint"
-	EventChainReorg                  = "chain_reorg"
-	EventContributionAndProof        = "contribution_and_proof"
-	EventLightClientFinalityUpdate   = "light_client_finality_update"
-	EventLightClientOptimisticUpdate = "light_client_optimistic_update"
-	EventPayloadAttributes           = "payload_attributes"
-	EventBlobSidecar                 = "blob_sidecar"
-	EventError                       = "error"
-	EventConnectionError             = "connection_error"
+	EventHead = "head"
+
+	EventError           = "error"
+	EventConnectionError = "connection_error"
 )

 var (
--- a/api/client/event/event_stream_test.go
+++ b/api/client/event/event_stream_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package event

 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ func TestNewEventStream(t *testing.T) {

 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			_, err := NewEventStream(context.Background(), &http.Client{}, tt.host, tt.topics)
+			_, err := NewEventStream(t.Context(), &http.Client{}, tt.host, tt.topics)
 			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
 				t.Errorf("NewEventStream() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
 			}
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ func TestEventStream(t *testing.T) {

 	topics := []string{"head"}
 	eventsChannel := make(chan *Event, 1)
-	stream, err := NewEventStream(context.Background(), http.DefaultClient, server.URL, topics)
+	stream, err := NewEventStream(t.Context(), http.DefaultClient, server.URL, topics)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	go stream.Subscribe(eventsChannel)

@@ -83,8 +82,7 @@ func TestEventStream(t *testing.T) {
 func TestEventStreamRequestError(t *testing.T) {
 	topics := []string{"head"}
 	eventsChannel := make(chan *Event, 1)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancel()
+	ctx := t.Context()

 	// use valid url that will result in failed request with nil body
 	stream, err := NewEventStream(ctx, http.DefaultClient, "http://badhost:1234", topics)
--- a/api/grpc/grpcutils_test.go
+++ b/api/grpc/grpcutils_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package grpc

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/assert"
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ type customErrorData struct {

 func TestAppendHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("one_header", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ctx := AppendHeaders(context.Background(), []string{"first=value1"})
+		ctx := AppendHeaders(t.Context(), []string{"first=value1"})
 		md, ok := metadata.FromOutgoingContext(ctx)
 		require.Equal(t, true, ok, "Failed to read context metadata")
 		require.Equal(t, 1, md.Len(), "MetadataV0 contains wrong number of values")
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ func TestAppendHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 	})

 	t.Run("multiple_headers", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ctx := AppendHeaders(context.Background(), []string{"first=value1", "second=value2"})
+		ctx := AppendHeaders(t.Context(), []string{"first=value1", "second=value2"})
 		md, ok := metadata.FromOutgoingContext(ctx)
 		require.Equal(t, true, ok, "Failed to read context metadata")
 		require.Equal(t, 2, md.Len(), "MetadataV0 contains wrong number of values")
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ func TestAppendHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 	})

 	t.Run("one_empty_header", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ctx := AppendHeaders(context.Background(), []string{"first=value1", ""})
+		ctx := AppendHeaders(t.Context(), []string{"first=value1", ""})
 		md, ok := metadata.FromOutgoingContext(ctx)
 		require.Equal(t, true, ok, "Failed to read context metadata")
 		require.Equal(t, 1, md.Len(), "MetadataV0 contains wrong number of values")
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ func TestAppendHeaders(t *testing.T) {

 	t.Run("incorrect_header", func(t *testing.T) {
 		logHook := logTest.NewGlobal()
-		ctx := AppendHeaders(context.Background(), []string{"first=value1", "second"})
+		ctx := AppendHeaders(t.Context(), []string{"first=value1", "second"})
 		md, ok := metadata.FromOutgoingContext(ctx)
 		require.Equal(t, true, ok, "Failed to read context metadata")
 		require.Equal(t, 1, md.Len(), "MetadataV0 contains wrong number of values")
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ func TestAppendHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 	})

 	t.Run("header_value_with_equal_sign", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ctx := AppendHeaders(context.Background(), []string{"first=value=1"})
+		ctx := AppendHeaders(t.Context(), []string{"first=value=1"})
 		md, ok := metadata.FromOutgoingContext(ctx)
 		require.Equal(t, true, ok, "Failed to read context metadata")
 		require.Equal(t, 1, md.Len(), "MetadataV0 contains wrong number of values")
--- a/api/server/httprest/server_test.go
+++ b/api/server/httprest/server_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package httprest

 import (
-	"context"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ func TestServer_StartStop(t *testing.T) {
 		WithRouter(handler),
 	}

-	g, err := New(context.Background(), opts...)
+	g, err := New(t.Context(), opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	g.Start()
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ func TestServer_NilHandler_NotFoundHandlerRegistered(t *testing.T) {
 		WithRouter(handler),
 	}

-	g, err := New(context.Background(), opts...)
+	g, err := New(t.Context(), opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	writer := httptest.NewRecorder()
--- a/api/server/structs/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/api/server/structs/BUILD.bazel
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ go_library(
        "//beacon-chain/state:go_default_library",
        "//config/fieldparams:go_default_library",
        "//config/params:go_default_library",
+        "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types/interfaces:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types/primitives:go_default_library",
        "//consensus-types/validator:go_default_library",
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ go_library(
        "@com_github_ethereum_go_ethereum//common:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_ethereum_go_ethereum//common/hexutil:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_pkg_errors//:go_default_library",
+        "@org_golang_google_protobuf//proto:go_default_library",
    ],
 )

@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ go_test(
    deps = [
        "//proto/engine/v1:go_default_library",
        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1:go_default_library",
+        "//testing/assert:go_default_library",
        "//testing/require:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_ethereum_go_ethereum//common:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_ethereum_go_ethereum//common/hexutil:go_default_library",
--- a/api/server/structs/conversions_block_execution.go
+++ b/api/server/structs/conversions_block_execution.go
@@ -7,12 +7,15 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/api/server"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
+	consensusblocks "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/container/slice"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/encoding/bytesutil"
 	enginev1 "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/engine/v1"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 )

 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -132,6 +135,13 @@ func (e *ExecutionPayload) ToConsensus() (*enginev1.ExecutionPayload, error) {
 	}, nil
 }

+func (r *ExecutionPayload) PayloadProto() (proto.Message, error) {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(consensusblocks.ErrNilObject, "nil execution payload")
+	}
+	return r.ToConsensus()
+}
+
 func ExecutionPayloadHeaderFromConsensus(payload *enginev1.ExecutionPayloadHeader) (*ExecutionPayloadHeader, error) {
 	baseFeePerGas, err := sszBytesToUint256String(payload.BaseFeePerGas)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -383,6 +393,13 @@ func (e *ExecutionPayloadCapella) ToConsensus() (*enginev1.ExecutionPayloadCapel
 	}, nil
 }

+func (p *ExecutionPayloadCapella) PayloadProto() (proto.Message, error) {
+	if p == nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(consensusblocks.ErrNilObject, "nil capella execution payload")
+	}
+	return p.ToConsensus()
+}
+
 func ExecutionPayloadHeaderCapellaFromConsensus(payload *enginev1.ExecutionPayloadHeaderCapella) (*ExecutionPayloadHeaderCapella, error) {
 	baseFeePerGas, err := sszBytesToUint256String(payload.BaseFeePerGas)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/api/server/structs/conversions_state.go
+++ b/api/server/structs/conversions_state.go
@@ -26,10 +26,7 @@ func BeaconStateFromConsensus(st beaconState.BeaconState) (*BeaconState, error)
 	for i, r := range srcSr {
 		sr[i] = hexutil.Encode(r)
 	}
-	srcHr, err := st.HistoricalRoots()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	srcHr := st.HistoricalRoots()
 	hr := make([]string, len(srcHr))
 	for i, r := range srcHr {
 		hr[i] = hexutil.Encode(r)
@@ -77,7 +74,7 @@ func BeaconStateFromConsensus(st beaconState.BeaconState) (*BeaconState, error)
 	}

 	return &BeaconState{
-		GenesisTime:                 fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.GenesisTime()),
+		GenesisTime:                 fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.GenesisTime().Unix()),
 		GenesisValidatorsRoot:       hexutil.Encode(st.GenesisValidatorsRoot()),
 		Slot:                        fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.Slot()),
 		Fork:                        ForkFromConsensus(st.Fork()),
@@ -116,10 +113,7 @@ func BeaconStateAltairFromConsensus(st beaconState.BeaconState) (*BeaconStateAlt
 	for i, r := range srcSr {
 		sr[i] = hexutil.Encode(r)
 	}
-	srcHr, err := st.HistoricalRoots()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	srcHr := st.HistoricalRoots()
 	hr := make([]string, len(srcHr))
 	for i, r := range srcHr {
 		hr[i] = hexutil.Encode(r)
@@ -183,7 +177,7 @@ func BeaconStateAltairFromConsensus(st beaconState.BeaconState) (*BeaconStateAlt
 	}

 	return &BeaconStateAltair{
-		GenesisTime:                 fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.GenesisTime()),
+		GenesisTime:                 fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.GenesisTime().Unix()),
 		GenesisValidatorsRoot:       hexutil.Encode(st.GenesisValidatorsRoot()),
 		Slot:                        fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.Slot()),
 		Fork:                        ForkFromConsensus(st.Fork()),
@@ -225,10 +219,7 @@ func BeaconStateBellatrixFromConsensus(st beaconState.BeaconState) (*BeaconState
 	for i, r := range srcSr {
 		sr[i] = hexutil.Encode(r)
 	}
-	srcHr, err := st.HistoricalRoots()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	srcHr := st.HistoricalRoots()
 	hr := make([]string, len(srcHr))
 	for i, r := range srcHr {
 		hr[i] = hexutil.Encode(r)
@@ -304,7 +295,7 @@ func BeaconStateBellatrixFromConsensus(st beaconState.BeaconState) (*BeaconState
 	}

 	return &BeaconStateBellatrix{
-		GenesisTime:                  fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.GenesisTime()),
+		GenesisTime:                  fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.GenesisTime().Unix()),
 		GenesisValidatorsRoot:        hexutil.Encode(st.GenesisValidatorsRoot()),
 		Slot:                         fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.Slot()),
 		Fork:                         ForkFromConsensus(st.Fork()),
@@ -347,10 +338,7 @@ func BeaconStateCapellaFromConsensus(st beaconState.BeaconState) (*BeaconStateCa
 	for i, r := range srcSr {
 		sr[i] = hexutil.Encode(r)
 	}
-	srcHr, err := st.HistoricalRoots()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	srcHr := st.HistoricalRoots()
 	hr := make([]string, len(srcHr))
 	for i, r := range srcHr {
 		hr[i] = hexutil.Encode(r)
@@ -442,7 +430,7 @@ func BeaconStateCapellaFromConsensus(st beaconState.BeaconState) (*BeaconStateCa
 	}

 	return &BeaconStateCapella{
-		GenesisTime:                  fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.GenesisTime()),
+		GenesisTime:                  fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.GenesisTime().Unix()),
 		GenesisValidatorsRoot:        hexutil.Encode(st.GenesisValidatorsRoot()),
 		Slot:                         fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.Slot()),
 		Fork:                         ForkFromConsensus(st.Fork()),
@@ -488,10 +476,7 @@ func BeaconStateDenebFromConsensus(st beaconState.BeaconState) (*BeaconStateDene
 	for i, r := range srcSr {
 		sr[i] = hexutil.Encode(r)
 	}
-	srcHr, err := st.HistoricalRoots()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	srcHr := st.HistoricalRoots()
 	hr := make([]string, len(srcHr))
 	for i, r := range srcHr {
 		hr[i] = hexutil.Encode(r)
@@ -583,7 +568,7 @@ func BeaconStateDenebFromConsensus(st beaconState.BeaconState) (*BeaconStateDene
 	}

 	return &BeaconStateDeneb{
-		GenesisTime:                  fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.GenesisTime()),
+		GenesisTime:                  fmt.Sprintf("%s", st.GenesisTime()),
 		GenesisValidatorsRoot:        hexutil.Encode(st.GenesisValidatorsRoot()),
 		Slot:                         fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.Slot()),
 		Fork:                         ForkFromConsensus(st.Fork()),
@@ -629,10 +614,7 @@ func BeaconStateElectraFromConsensus(st beaconState.BeaconState) (*BeaconStateEl
 	for i, r := range srcSr {
 		sr[i] = hexutil.Encode(r)
 	}
-	srcHr, err := st.HistoricalRoots()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	srcHr := st.HistoricalRoots()
 	hr := make([]string, len(srcHr))
 	for i, r := range srcHr {
 		hr[i] = hexutil.Encode(r)
@@ -760,7 +742,7 @@ func BeaconStateElectraFromConsensus(st beaconState.BeaconState) (*BeaconStateEl
 	}

 	return &BeaconStateElectra{
-		GenesisTime:                   fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.GenesisTime()),
+		GenesisTime:                   fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.GenesisTime().Unix()),
 		GenesisValidatorsRoot:         hexutil.Encode(st.GenesisValidatorsRoot()),
 		Slot:                          fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.Slot()),
 		Fork:                          ForkFromConsensus(st.Fork()),
@@ -815,10 +797,7 @@ func BeaconStateFuluFromConsensus(st beaconState.BeaconState) (*BeaconStateFulu,
 	for i, r := range srcSr {
 		sr[i] = hexutil.Encode(r)
 	}
-	srcHr, err := st.HistoricalRoots()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	srcHr := st.HistoricalRoots()
 	hr := make([]string, len(srcHr))
 	for i, r := range srcHr {
 		hr[i] = hexutil.Encode(r)
@@ -944,9 +923,16 @@ func BeaconStateFuluFromConsensus(st beaconState.BeaconState) (*BeaconStateFulu,
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
+	srcLookahead, err := st.ProposerLookahead()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	lookahead := make([]string, len(srcLookahead))
+	for i, v := range srcLookahead {
+		lookahead[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%d", uint64(v))
+	}
 	return &BeaconStateFulu{
-		GenesisTime:                   fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.GenesisTime()),
+		GenesisTime:                   fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.GenesisTime().Unix()),
 		GenesisValidatorsRoot:         hexutil.Encode(st.GenesisValidatorsRoot()),
 		Slot:                          fmt.Sprintf("%d", st.Slot()),
 		Fork:                          ForkFromConsensus(st.Fork()),
@@ -983,5 +969,6 @@ func BeaconStateFuluFromConsensus(st beaconState.BeaconState) (*BeaconStateFulu,
 		PendingDeposits:               PendingDepositsFromConsensus(pbd),
 		PendingPartialWithdrawals:     PendingPartialWithdrawalsFromConsensus(ppw),
 		PendingConsolidations:         PendingConsolidationsFromConsensus(pc),
+		ProposerLookahead:             lookahead,
 	}, nil
 }
--- a/api/server/structs/conversions_test.go
+++ b/api/server/structs/conversions_test.go
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	eth "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/assert"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/require"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 )

 func TestDepositSnapshotFromConsensus(t *testing.T) {
@@ -102,12 +104,266 @@ func TestProposerSlashing_ToConsensus(t *testing.T) {
 	require.ErrorContains(t, errNilValue.Error(), err)
 }

+func TestProposerSlashing_FromConsensus(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []*eth.ProposerSlashing{
+		{
+			Header_1: &eth.SignedBeaconBlockHeader{
+				Header: &eth.BeaconBlockHeader{
+					Slot:          1,
+					ProposerIndex: 2,
+					ParentRoot:    []byte{3},
+					StateRoot:     []byte{4},
+					BodyRoot:      []byte{5},
+				},
+				Signature: []byte{6},
+			},
+			Header_2: &eth.SignedBeaconBlockHeader{
+				Header: &eth.BeaconBlockHeader{
+					Slot:          7,
+					ProposerIndex: 8,
+					ParentRoot:    []byte{9},
+					StateRoot:     []byte{10},
+					BodyRoot:      []byte{11},
+				},
+				Signature: []byte{12},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Header_1: &eth.SignedBeaconBlockHeader{
+				Header: &eth.BeaconBlockHeader{
+					Slot:          13,
+					ProposerIndex: 14,
+					ParentRoot:    []byte{15},
+					StateRoot:     []byte{16},
+					BodyRoot:      []byte{17},
+				},
+				Signature: []byte{18},
+			},
+			Header_2: &eth.SignedBeaconBlockHeader{
+				Header: &eth.BeaconBlockHeader{
+					Slot:          19,
+					ProposerIndex: 20,
+					ParentRoot:    []byte{21},
+					StateRoot:     []byte{22},
+					BodyRoot:      []byte{23},
+				},
+				Signature: []byte{24},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	expectedResult := []*ProposerSlashing{
+		{
+			SignedHeader1: &SignedBeaconBlockHeader{
+				Message: &BeaconBlockHeader{
+					Slot:          "1",
+					ProposerIndex: "2",
+					ParentRoot:    hexutil.Encode([]byte{3}),
+					StateRoot:     hexutil.Encode([]byte{4}),
+					BodyRoot:      hexutil.Encode([]byte{5}),
+				},
+				Signature: hexutil.Encode([]byte{6}),
+			},
+			SignedHeader2: &SignedBeaconBlockHeader{
+				Message: &BeaconBlockHeader{
+					Slot:          "7",
+					ProposerIndex: "8",
+					ParentRoot:    hexutil.Encode([]byte{9}),
+					StateRoot:     hexutil.Encode([]byte{10}),
+					BodyRoot:      hexutil.Encode([]byte{11}),
+				},
+				Signature: hexutil.Encode([]byte{12}),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			SignedHeader1: &SignedBeaconBlockHeader{
+				Message: &BeaconBlockHeader{
+					Slot:          "13",
+					ProposerIndex: "14",
+					ParentRoot:    hexutil.Encode([]byte{15}),
+					StateRoot:     hexutil.Encode([]byte{16}),
+					BodyRoot:      hexutil.Encode([]byte{17}),
+				},
+				Signature: hexutil.Encode([]byte{18}),
+			},
+			SignedHeader2: &SignedBeaconBlockHeader{
+				Message: &BeaconBlockHeader{
+					Slot:          "19",
+					ProposerIndex: "20",
+					ParentRoot:    hexutil.Encode([]byte{21}),
+					StateRoot:     hexutil.Encode([]byte{22}),
+					BodyRoot:      hexutil.Encode([]byte{23}),
+				},
+				Signature: hexutil.Encode([]byte{24}),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result := ProposerSlashingsFromConsensus(input)
+	assert.DeepEqual(t, expectedResult, result)
+}
+
 func TestAttesterSlashing_ToConsensus(t *testing.T) {
 	a := &AttesterSlashing{Attestation1: nil, Attestation2: nil}
 	_, err := a.ToConsensus()
 	require.ErrorContains(t, errNilValue.Error(), err)
 }

+func TestAttesterSlashing_FromConsensus(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []*eth.AttesterSlashing{
+		{
+			Attestation_1: &eth.IndexedAttestation{
+				AttestingIndices: []uint64{1, 2},
+				Data: &eth.AttestationData{
+					Slot:            3,
+					CommitteeIndex:  4,
+					BeaconBlockRoot: []byte{5},
+					Source: &eth.Checkpoint{
+						Epoch: 6,
+						Root:  []byte{7},
+					},
+					Target: &eth.Checkpoint{
+						Epoch: 8,
+						Root:  []byte{9},
+					},
+				},
+				Signature: []byte{10},
+			},
+			Attestation_2: &eth.IndexedAttestation{
+				AttestingIndices: []uint64{11, 12},
+				Data: &eth.AttestationData{
+					Slot:            13,
+					CommitteeIndex:  14,
+					BeaconBlockRoot: []byte{15},
+					Source: &eth.Checkpoint{
+						Epoch: 16,
+						Root:  []byte{17},
+					},
+					Target: &eth.Checkpoint{
+						Epoch: 18,
+						Root:  []byte{19},
+					},
+				},
+				Signature: []byte{20},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Attestation_1: &eth.IndexedAttestation{
+				AttestingIndices: []uint64{21, 22},
+				Data: &eth.AttestationData{
+					Slot:            23,
+					CommitteeIndex:  24,
+					BeaconBlockRoot: []byte{25},
+					Source: &eth.Checkpoint{
+						Epoch: 26,
+						Root:  []byte{27},
+					},
+					Target: &eth.Checkpoint{
+						Epoch: 28,
+						Root:  []byte{29},
+					},
+				},
+				Signature: []byte{30},
+			},
+			Attestation_2: &eth.IndexedAttestation{
+				AttestingIndices: []uint64{31, 32},
+				Data: &eth.AttestationData{
+					Slot:            33,
+					CommitteeIndex:  34,
+					BeaconBlockRoot: []byte{35},
+					Source: &eth.Checkpoint{
+						Epoch: 36,
+						Root:  []byte{37},
+					},
+					Target: &eth.Checkpoint{
+						Epoch: 38,
+						Root:  []byte{39},
+					},
+				},
+				Signature: []byte{40},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	expectedResult := []*AttesterSlashing{
+		{
+			Attestation1: &IndexedAttestation{
+				AttestingIndices: []string{"1", "2"},
+				Data: &AttestationData{
+					Slot:            "3",
+					CommitteeIndex:  "4",
+					BeaconBlockRoot: hexutil.Encode([]byte{5}),
+					Source: &Checkpoint{
+						Epoch: "6",
+						Root:  hexutil.Encode([]byte{7}),
+					},
+					Target: &Checkpoint{
+						Epoch: "8",
+						Root:  hexutil.Encode([]byte{9}),
+					},
+				},
+				Signature: hexutil.Encode([]byte{10}),
+			},
+			Attestation2: &IndexedAttestation{
+				AttestingIndices: []string{"11", "12"},
+				Data: &AttestationData{
+					Slot:            "13",
+					CommitteeIndex:  "14",
+					BeaconBlockRoot: hexutil.Encode([]byte{15}),
+					Source: &Checkpoint{
+						Epoch: "16",
+						Root:  hexutil.Encode([]byte{17}),
+					},
+					Target: &Checkpoint{
+						Epoch: "18",
+						Root:  hexutil.Encode([]byte{19}),
+					},
+				},
+				Signature: hexutil.Encode([]byte{20}),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Attestation1: &IndexedAttestation{
+				AttestingIndices: []string{"21", "22"},
+				Data: &AttestationData{
+					Slot:            "23",
+					CommitteeIndex:  "24",
+					BeaconBlockRoot: hexutil.Encode([]byte{25}),
+					Source: &Checkpoint{
+						Epoch: "26",
+						Root:  hexutil.Encode([]byte{27}),
+					},
+					Target: &Checkpoint{
+						Epoch: "28",
+						Root:  hexutil.Encode([]byte{29}),
+					},
+				},
+				Signature: hexutil.Encode([]byte{30}),
+			},
+			Attestation2: &IndexedAttestation{
+				AttestingIndices: []string{"31", "32"},
+				Data: &AttestationData{
+					Slot:            "33",
+					CommitteeIndex:  "34",
+					BeaconBlockRoot: hexutil.Encode([]byte{35}),
+					Source: &Checkpoint{
+						Epoch: "36",
+						Root:  hexutil.Encode([]byte{37}),
+					},
+					Target: &Checkpoint{
+						Epoch: "38",
+						Root:  hexutil.Encode([]byte{39}),
+					},
+				},
+				Signature: hexutil.Encode([]byte{40}),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result := AttesterSlashingsFromConsensus(input)
+	assert.DeepEqual(t, expectedResult, result)
+}
+
 func TestIndexedAttestation_ToConsensus(t *testing.T) {
 	a := &IndexedAttestation{
 		AttestingIndices: []string{"1"},
--- a/api/server/structs/endpoints_events.go
+++ b/api/server/structs/endpoints_events.go
@@ -25,6 +25,13 @@ type BlockGossipEvent struct {
 	Block string `json:"block"`
 }

+type DataColumnGossipEvent struct {
+	Slot           string   `json:"slot"`
+	Index          string   `json:"index"`
+	BlockRoot      string   `json:"block_root"`
+	KzgCommitments []string `json:"kzg_commitments"`
+}
+
 type AggregatedAttEventSource struct {
 	Aggregate *Attestation `json:"aggregate"`
 }
--- a/api/server/structs/endpoints_node.go
+++ b/api/server/structs/endpoints_node.go
@@ -33,8 +33,14 @@ type GetPeerResponse struct {
 	Data *Peer `json:"data"`
 }

+// Added Meta to align with beacon-api: https://ethereum.github.io/beacon-APIs/#/Node/getPeers
+type Meta struct {
+	Count int `json:"count"`
+}
+
 type GetPeersResponse struct {
 	Data []*Peer `json:"data"`
+	Meta Meta    `json:"meta"`
 }

 type Peer struct {
--- a/api/server/structs/other.go
+++ b/api/server/structs/other.go
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ type PendingDeposit struct {
 }

 type PendingPartialWithdrawal struct {
-	Index             string `json:"index"`
+	Index             string `json:"validator_index"`
 	Amount            string `json:"amount"`
 	WithdrawableEpoch string `json:"withdrawable_epoch"`
 }
--- a/api/server/structs/state.go
+++ b/api/server/structs/state.go
@@ -219,4 +219,5 @@ type BeaconStateFulu struct {
 	PendingDeposits               []*PendingDeposit            `json:"pending_deposits"`
 	PendingPartialWithdrawals     []*PendingPartialWithdrawal  `json:"pending_partial_withdrawals"`
 	PendingConsolidations         []*PendingConsolidation      `json:"pending_consolidations"`
+	ProposerLookahead             []string                     `json:"proposer_lookahead"`
 }
--- a/async/debounce_test.go
+++ b/async/debounce_test.go
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (

 func TestDebounce_NoEvents(t *testing.T) {
 	eventsChan := make(chan interface{}, 100)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
 	interval := time.Second
 	timesHandled := int32(0)
 	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func TestDebounce_NoEvents(t *testing.T) {

 func TestDebounce_CtxClosing(t *testing.T) {
 	eventsChan := make(chan interface{}, 100)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
 	interval := time.Second
 	timesHandled := int32(0)
 	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func TestDebounce_CtxClosing(t *testing.T) {

 func TestDebounce_SingleHandlerInvocation(t *testing.T) {
 	eventsChan := make(chan interface{}, 100)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
 	interval := time.Second
 	timesHandled := int32(0)
 	go async.Debounce(ctx, interval, eventsChan, func(event interface{}) {
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ func TestDebounce_SingleHandlerInvocation(t *testing.T) {

 func TestDebounce_MultipleHandlerInvocation(t *testing.T) {
 	eventsChan := make(chan interface{}, 100)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
 	interval := time.Second
 	timesHandled := int32(0)
 	go async.Debounce(ctx, interval, eventsChan, func(event interface{}) {
--- a/async/every_test.go
+++ b/async/every_test.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 )

 func TestEveryRuns(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())

 	i := int32(0)
 	async.RunEvery(ctx, 100*time.Millisecond, func() {
--- a/beacon-chain/README.md
+++ b/beacon-chain/README.md
@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ This is the main project folder for the beacon chain implementation of Ethereum

 You can also read our main [README](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/blob/master/README.md) and join our active chat room on Discord.

-[![Discord](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/7288322/34471967-1df7808a-efbb-11e7-9088-ed0b04151291.png)](https://discord.gg/CTYGPUJ)
+[![Discord](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/7288322/34471967-1df7808a-efbb-11e7-9088-ed0b04151291.png)](https://discord.gg/prysm)

 Also, read the official beacon chain [specification](https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/master/specs/phase0/beacon-chain.md), this design spec serves as a source of truth for the beacon chain implementation we follow at Prysmatic Labs.
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/BUILD.bazel
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ go_library(
        "receive_attestation.go",
        "receive_blob.go",
        "receive_block.go",
+        "receive_data_column.go",
        "service.go",
        "setup_forchoice.go",
        "tracked_proposer.go",
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ go_library(
        "//beacon-chain/core/feed/state:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/helpers:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/light-client:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/core/peerdas:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/signing:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/time:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/transition:go_default_library",
@@ -146,6 +148,7 @@ go_test(
        "//beacon-chain/core/feed/state:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/helpers:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/light-client:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/core/peerdas:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/signing:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/core/transition:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/das:go_default_library",
@@ -163,6 +166,7 @@ go_test(
        "//beacon-chain/operations/slashings:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/operations/voluntaryexits:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/p2p:go_default_library",
+        "//beacon-chain/p2p/testing:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/startup:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/state:go_default_library",
        "//beacon-chain/state/state-native:go_default_library",
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/chain_info.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/chain_info.go
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ type ForkchoiceFetcher interface {
 	Ancestor(context.Context, []byte, primitives.Slot) ([]byte, error)
 	CachedHeadRoot() [32]byte
 	GetProposerHead() [32]byte
-	SetForkChoiceGenesisTime(uint64)
+	SetForkChoiceGenesisTime(time.Time)
 	UpdateHead(context.Context, primitives.Slot)
 	HighestReceivedBlockSlot() primitives.Slot
 	ReceivedBlocksLastEpoch() (uint64, error)
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ func (s *Service) Ancestor(ctx context.Context, root []byte, slot primitives.Slo

 // SetGenesisTime sets the genesis time of beacon chain.
 func (s *Service) SetGenesisTime(t time.Time) {
-	s.genesisTime = t
+	s.genesisTime = t.Truncate(time.Second) // Genesis time has a precision of 1 second.
 }

 func (s *Service) recoverStateSummary(ctx context.Context, blockRoot [32]byte) (*ethpb.StateSummary, error) {
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/chain_info_forkchoice.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/chain_info_forkchoice.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package blockchain

 import (
 	"context"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/state"
 	consensus_blocks "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ func (s *Service) GetProposerHead() [32]byte {
 }

 // SetForkChoiceGenesisTime sets the genesis time in Forkchoice
-func (s *Service) SetForkChoiceGenesisTime(timestamp uint64) {
+func (s *Service) SetForkChoiceGenesisTime(timestamp time.Time) {
 	s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Lock()
 	defer s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.Unlock()
 	s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.SetGenesisTime(timestamp)
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/chain_info_norace_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/chain_info_norace_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blockchain

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"

 	testDB "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/testing"
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ func TestHeadSlot_DataRace(t *testing.T) {
 	wait := make(chan struct{})
 	go func() {
 		defer close(wait)
-		require.NoError(t, s.saveHead(context.Background(), [32]byte{}, b, st))
+		require.NoError(t, s.saveHead(t.Context(), [32]byte{}, b, st))
 	}()
 	s.HeadSlot()
 	<-wait
@@ -43,10 +42,10 @@ func TestHeadRoot_DataRace(t *testing.T) {
 	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 1)
 	go func() {
 		defer close(wait)
-		require.NoError(t, s.saveHead(context.Background(), [32]byte{}, b, st))
+		require.NoError(t, s.saveHead(t.Context(), [32]byte{}, b, st))

 	}()
-	_, err = s.HeadRoot(context.Background())
+	_, err = s.HeadRoot(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	<-wait
 }
@@ -65,10 +64,10 @@ func TestHeadBlock_DataRace(t *testing.T) {
 	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 1)
 	go func() {
 		defer close(wait)
-		require.NoError(t, s.saveHead(context.Background(), [32]byte{}, b, st))
+		require.NoError(t, s.saveHead(t.Context(), [32]byte{}, b, st))

 	}()
-	_, err = s.HeadBlock(context.Background())
+	_, err = s.HeadBlock(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	<-wait
 }
@@ -83,14 +82,14 @@ func TestHeadState_DataRace(t *testing.T) {
 	wait := make(chan struct{})
 	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 1)
 	root := bytesutil.ToBytes32(bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'s'}, 32))
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(context.Background(), root))
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(context.Background(), st, root))
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(t.Context(), root))
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(t.Context(), st, root))
 	go func() {
 		defer close(wait)
-		require.NoError(t, s.saveHead(context.Background(), [32]byte{}, b, st))
+		require.NoError(t, s.saveHead(t.Context(), [32]byte{}, b, st))

 	}()
-	_, err = s.HeadState(context.Background())
+	_, err = s.HeadState(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	<-wait
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/chain_info_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/chain_info_test.go
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func prepareForkchoiceState(
 func TestHeadRoot_Nil(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	c := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
-	headRoot, err := c.HeadRoot(context.Background())
+	headRoot, err := c.HeadRoot(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.DeepEqual(t, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:], headRoot, "Incorrect pre chain start value")
 }
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ func TestFinalizedBlockHash(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestUnrealizedJustifiedBlockHash(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	service := &Service{cfg: &config{ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New()}}
 	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: []byte{'j'}}
 	ofc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: []byte{'f'}}
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ func TestHeadBlock_CanRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
 	c := &Service{}
 	c.head = &head{block: wsb, state: s}

-	received, err := c.HeadBlock(context.Background())
+	received, err := c.HeadBlock(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	pb, err := received.Proto()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ func TestHeadState_CanRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	c := &Service{}
 	c.head = &head{state: s}
-	headState, err := c.HeadState(context.Background())
+	headState, err := c.HeadState(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.DeepEqual(t, headState.ToProtoUnsafe(), s.ToProtoUnsafe(), "Incorrect head state received")
 }
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ func TestHeadETH1Data_CanRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestIsCanonical_Ok(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	c := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)

@@ -301,12 +301,12 @@ func TestService_HeadValidatorsIndices(t *testing.T) {
 	c := &Service{}

 	c.head = &head{}
-	indices, err := c.HeadValidatorsIndices(context.Background(), 0)
+	indices, err := c.HeadValidatorsIndices(t.Context(), 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 0, len(indices))

 	c.head = &head{state: s}
-	indices, err = c.HeadValidatorsIndices(context.Background(), 0)
+	indices, err = c.HeadValidatorsIndices(t.Context(), 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 10, len(indices))
 }
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ func TestService_HeadGenesisValidatorsRoot(t *testing.T) {
 //     ---------- D

 func TestService_ChainHeads(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	c := &Service{cfg: &config{ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New()}}
 	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
 	ofc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ func TestService_HeadValidatorIndexToPublicKey(t *testing.T) {
 	c := &Service{}
 	c.head = &head{state: s}

-	p, err := c.HeadValidatorIndexToPublicKey(context.Background(), 0)
+	p, err := c.HeadValidatorIndexToPublicKey(t.Context(), 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	v, err := s.ValidatorAtIndex(0)
@@ -412,12 +412,12 @@ func TestService_HeadValidatorIndexToPublicKeyNil(t *testing.T) {
 	c := &Service{}
 	c.head = nil

-	p, err := c.HeadValidatorIndexToPublicKey(context.Background(), 0)
+	p, err := c.HeadValidatorIndexToPublicKey(t.Context(), 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, [fieldparams.BLSPubkeyLength]byte{}, p)

 	c.head = &head{state: nil}
-	p, err = c.HeadValidatorIndexToPublicKey(context.Background(), 0)
+	p, err = c.HeadValidatorIndexToPublicKey(t.Context(), 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, [fieldparams.BLSPubkeyLength]byte{}, p)
 }
@@ -428,10 +428,11 @@ func TestService_IsOptimistic(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg.BellatrixForkEpoch = 0
 	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(cfg)

-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
 	ofc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
 	c := &Service{cfg: &config{ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New()}, head: &head{root: [32]byte{'b'}}}
+	c.SetGenesisTime(time.Now())
 	st, roblock, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, 100, [32]byte{'a'}, [32]byte{}, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, st, roblock))
@@ -456,7 +457,7 @@ func TestService_IsOptimistic(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestService_IsOptimisticBeforeBellatrix(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	c := &Service{genesisTime: time.Now()}
 	opt, err := c.IsOptimistic(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -464,7 +465,7 @@ func TestService_IsOptimisticBeforeBellatrix(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	c := &Service{cfg: &config{ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New()}, head: &head{root: [32]byte{'b'}}}
 	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
 	ofc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
@@ -482,27 +483,27 @@ func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot(t *testing.T) {

 func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot_DB(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	c := &Service{cfg: &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New()}, head: &head{root: [32]byte{'b'}}}
 	c.head = &head{root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash}
 	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b.Block.Slot = 10
 	br, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), beaconDB, b)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(context.Background(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: br[:], Slot: 10}))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), beaconDB, b)
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(t.Context(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: br[:], Slot: 10}))

 	optimisticBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	optimisticBlock.Block.Slot = 97
 	optimisticRoot, err := optimisticBlock.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), beaconDB, optimisticBlock)
+	util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), beaconDB, optimisticBlock)

 	validatedBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	validatedBlock.Block.Slot = 9
 	validatedRoot, err := validatedBlock.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), beaconDB, validatedBlock)
+	util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), beaconDB, validatedBlock)

 	validatedCheckpoint := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: br[:]}
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveLastValidatedCheckpoint(ctx, validatedCheckpoint))
@@ -524,10 +525,10 @@ func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot_DB(t *testing.T) {
 	// Before the first finalized epoch, finalized root could be zeros.
 	validatedCheckpoint = &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, br))
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(context.Background(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:], Slot: 10}))
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(t.Context(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:], Slot: 10}))
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveLastValidatedCheckpoint(ctx, validatedCheckpoint))

-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(context.Background(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: optimisticRoot[:], Slot: 11}))
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(t.Context(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: optimisticRoot[:], Slot: 11}))
 	optimistic, err = c.IsOptimisticForRoot(ctx, optimisticRoot)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, true, optimistic)
@@ -535,37 +536,37 @@ func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot_DB(t *testing.T) {

 func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot_DB_non_canonical(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	c := &Service{cfg: &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New()}, head: &head{root: [32]byte{'b'}}}
 	c.head = &head{root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash}
 	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b.Block.Slot = 10
 	br, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), beaconDB, b)
-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(context.Background(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: br[:], Slot: 10}))
+	util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), beaconDB, b)
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(t.Context(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: br[:], Slot: 10}))

 	optimisticBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	optimisticBlock.Block.Slot = 97
 	optimisticRoot, err := optimisticBlock.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), beaconDB, optimisticBlock)
+	util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), beaconDB, optimisticBlock)

 	validatedBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	validatedBlock.Block.Slot = 9
 	validatedRoot, err := validatedBlock.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), beaconDB, validatedBlock)
+	util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), beaconDB, validatedBlock)

 	validatedCheckpoint := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: br[:]}
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveLastValidatedCheckpoint(ctx, validatedCheckpoint))

-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(context.Background(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: optimisticRoot[:], Slot: 11}))
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(t.Context(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: optimisticRoot[:], Slot: 11}))
 	optimistic, err := c.IsOptimisticForRoot(ctx, optimisticRoot)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, true, optimistic)

-	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(context.Background(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: validatedRoot[:], Slot: 9}))
+	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveStateSummary(t.Context(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: validatedRoot[:], Slot: 9}))
 	validated, err := c.IsOptimisticForRoot(ctx, validatedRoot)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, true, validated)
@@ -574,14 +575,14 @@ func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot_DB_non_canonical(t *testing.T) {

 func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot_StateSummaryRecovered(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	c := &Service{cfg: &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New()}, head: &head{root: [32]byte{'b'}}}
 	c.head = &head{root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash}
 	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b.Block.Slot = 10
 	br, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), beaconDB, b)
+	util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), beaconDB, b)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, [32]byte{}))
 	_, err = c.IsOptimisticForRoot(ctx, br)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -594,7 +595,7 @@ func TestService_IsOptimisticForRoot_StateSummaryRecovered(t *testing.T) {

 func TestService_IsFinalized(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	c := &Service{cfg: &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New()}}
 	r1 := [32]byte{'a'}
 	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.UpdateFinalizedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{
@@ -616,7 +617,7 @@ func TestService_IsFinalized(t *testing.T) {

 func Test_hashForGenesisRoot(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	c := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
 	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisStateElectra(t, 10)
 	require.NoError(t, c.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveGenesisData(ctx, st))
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/error.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/error.go
@@ -40,10 +40,12 @@ var (
 	errNotGenesisRoot = errors.New("root is not the genesis block root")
 	// errBlacklistedBlock is returned when a block is blacklisted as invalid.
 	errBlacklistedRoot = verification.AsVerificationFailure(errors.New("block root is blacklisted"))
+	// errMaxBlobsExceeded is returned when the number of blobs in a block exceeds the maximum allowed.
+	errMaxBlobsExceeded = verification.AsVerificationFailure(errors.New("expected commitments in block exceeds MAX_BLOBS_PER_BLOCK"))
+	// errMaxDataColumnsExceeded is returned when the number of data columns exceeds the maximum allowed.
+	errMaxDataColumnsExceeded = verification.AsVerificationFailure(errors.New("expected data columns for node exceeds NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS"))
 )

-var errMaxBlobsExceeded = verification.AsVerificationFailure(errors.New("Expected commitments in block exceeds MAX_BLOBS_PER_BLOCK"))
-
 // An invalid block is the block that fails state transition based on the core protocol rules.
 // The beacon node shall not be accepting nor building blocks that branch off from an invalid block.
 // Some examples of invalid blocks are:
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/execution_engine.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/execution_engine.go
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ func (s *Service) getPayloadAttribute(ctx context.Context, st state.BeaconState,
 	}

 	// Get timestamp.
-	t, err := slots.ToTime(uint64(s.genesisTime.Unix()), slot)
+	t, err := slots.ToTime(s.genesisTime, slot)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithError(err).Error("Could not get timestamp to get payload attribute")
 		return emptyAttri
@@ -439,6 +439,9 @@ func (s *Service) removeInvalidBlockAndState(ctx context.Context, blkRoots [][32
 			// Blobs may not exist for some blocks, leading to deletion failures. Log such errors at debug level.
 			log.WithError(err).Debug("Could not remove blob from blob storage")
 		}
+		if err := s.dataColumnStorage.Remove(root); err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Errorf("Could not remove data columns from data column storage for root %#x", root)
+		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/forkchoice_update_execution.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/forkchoice_update_execution.go
@@ -132,16 +132,16 @@ func (s *Service) shouldOverrideFCU(newHeadRoot [32]byte, proposingSlot primitiv
 		if s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.ShouldOverrideFCU() {
 			return true
 		}
-		secs, err := slots.SecondsSinceSlotStart(currentSlot,
-			uint64(s.genesisTime.Unix()), uint64(time.Now().Unix()))
+		sss, err := slots.SinceSlotStart(currentSlot, s.genesisTime, time.Now())
 		if err != nil {
-			log.WithError(err).Error("could not compute seconds since slot start")
+			log.WithError(err).Error("could not compute time since slot start")
 		}
-		if secs >= doublylinkedtree.ProcessAttestationsThreshold {
+		if sss >= doublylinkedtree.ProcessAttestationsThreshold {
 			log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-				"root":   fmt.Sprintf("%#x", newHeadRoot),
-				"weight": headWeight,
-			}).Infof("Attempted late block reorg aborted due to attestations at %d seconds",
+				"root":             fmt.Sprintf("%#x", newHeadRoot),
+				"weight":           headWeight,
+				"since slot start": sss,
+			}).Infof("Attempted late block reorg aborted due to attestations after %s",
 				doublylinkedtree.ProcessAttestationsThreshold)
 			lateBlockFailedAttemptFirstThreshold.Inc()
 		}
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/forkchoice_update_execution_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/forkchoice_update_execution_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blockchain

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

@@ -36,29 +35,29 @@ func TestService_isNewHead(t *testing.T) {
 func TestService_getHeadStateAndBlock(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	service := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
-	_, _, err := service.getStateAndBlock(context.Background(), [32]byte{})
+	_, _, err := service.getStateAndBlock(t.Context(), [32]byte{})
 	require.ErrorContains(t, "block does not exist", err)

 	blk, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(util.HydrateSignedBeaconBlock(&ethpb.SignedBeaconBlock{Signature: []byte{1}}))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), blk))
+	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveBlock(t.Context(), blk))

 	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 1)
 	r, err := blk.Block().HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(context.Background(), st, r))
+	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(t.Context(), st, r))

-	gotState, err := service.cfg.BeaconDB.State(context.Background(), r)
+	gotState, err := service.cfg.BeaconDB.State(t.Context(), r)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.DeepEqual(t, st.ToProto(), gotState.ToProto())

-	gotBlk, err := service.cfg.BeaconDB.Block(context.Background(), r)
+	gotBlk, err := service.cfg.BeaconDB.Block(t.Context(), r)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.DeepEqual(t, blk, gotBlk)
 }

 func TestService_forkchoiceUpdateWithExecution_exceptionalCases(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	opts := testServiceOptsWithDB(t)

 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
@@ -161,6 +160,7 @@ func TestShouldOverrideFCU(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, fcs := tr.ctx, tr.fcs

 	service.SetGenesisTime(time.Now().Add(-time.Duration(2*params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot) * time.Second))
+	fcs.SetGenesisTime(time.Now().Add(-time.Duration(2*params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot) * time.Second))
 	headRoot := [32]byte{'b'}
 	parentRoot := [32]byte{'a'}
 	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{}
@@ -181,11 +181,12 @@ func TestShouldOverrideFCU(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, headRoot, head)

-	fcs.SetGenesisTime(uint64(time.Now().Unix()) - 29)
+	wantLog := "aborted due to attestations after 10s"
+	fcs.SetGenesisTime(time.Now().Add(-29 * time.Second))
 	require.Equal(t, true, service.shouldOverrideFCU(parentRoot, 3))
-	require.LogsDoNotContain(t, hook, "10 seconds")
-	fcs.SetGenesisTime(uint64(time.Now().Unix()) - 24)
+	require.LogsDoNotContain(t, hook, wantLog)
+	fcs.SetGenesisTime(time.Now().Add(-24 * time.Second))
 	service.SetGenesisTime(time.Now().Add(-time.Duration(2*params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot+10) * time.Second))
 	require.Equal(t, false, service.shouldOverrideFCU(parentRoot, 3))
-	require.LogsContain(t, hook, "10 seconds")
+	require.LogsContain(t, hook, wantLog)
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/head_sync_committee_info_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/head_sync_committee_info_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blockchain

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/cache"
@@ -21,18 +20,18 @@ func TestService_HeadSyncCommitteeIndices(t *testing.T) {

 	// Current period
 	slot := 2*uint64(params.BeaconConfig().EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod)*uint64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch) + 1
-	a, err := c.HeadSyncCommitteeIndices(context.Background(), 0, primitives.Slot(slot))
+	a, err := c.HeadSyncCommitteeIndices(t.Context(), 0, primitives.Slot(slot))
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	// Current period where slot-2 across EPOCHS_PER_SYNC_COMMITTEE_PERIOD
 	slot = 3*uint64(params.BeaconConfig().EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod)*uint64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch) - 2
-	b, err := c.HeadSyncCommitteeIndices(context.Background(), 0, primitives.Slot(slot))
+	b, err := c.HeadSyncCommitteeIndices(t.Context(), 0, primitives.Slot(slot))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.DeepEqual(t, a, b)

 	// Next period where slot-1 across EPOCHS_PER_SYNC_COMMITTEE_PERIOD
 	slot = 3*uint64(params.BeaconConfig().EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod)*uint64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch) - 1
-	b, err = c.HeadSyncCommitteeIndices(context.Background(), 0, primitives.Slot(slot))
+	b, err = c.HeadSyncCommitteeIndices(t.Context(), 0, primitives.Slot(slot))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.DeepNotEqual(t, a, b)
 }
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ func TestService_headCurrentSyncCommitteeIndices(t *testing.T) {

 	// Process slot up to `EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod` so it can `ProcessSyncCommitteeUpdates`.
 	slot := uint64(params.BeaconConfig().EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod)*uint64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch) + 1
-	indices, err := c.headCurrentSyncCommitteeIndices(context.Background(), 0, primitives.Slot(slot))
+	indices, err := c.headCurrentSyncCommitteeIndices(t.Context(), 0, primitives.Slot(slot))
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	// NextSyncCommittee becomes CurrentSyncCommittee so it should be empty by default.
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ func TestService_headNextSyncCommitteeIndices(t *testing.T) {

 	// Process slot up to `EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod` so it can `ProcessSyncCommitteeUpdates`.
 	slot := uint64(params.BeaconConfig().EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod)*uint64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch) + 1
-	indices, err := c.headNextSyncCommitteeIndices(context.Background(), 0, primitives.Slot(slot))
+	indices, err := c.headNextSyncCommitteeIndices(t.Context(), 0, primitives.Slot(slot))
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	// NextSyncCommittee should be empty after `ProcessSyncCommitteeUpdates`. Validator should get indices.
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ func TestService_HeadSyncCommitteePubKeys(t *testing.T) {

 	// Process slot up to 2 * `EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod` so it can run `ProcessSyncCommitteeUpdates` twice.
 	slot := uint64(2*params.BeaconConfig().EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod)*uint64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch) + 1
-	pubkeys, err := c.HeadSyncCommitteePubKeys(context.Background(), primitives.Slot(slot), 0)
+	pubkeys, err := c.HeadSyncCommitteePubKeys(t.Context(), primitives.Slot(slot), 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	// Any subcommittee should match the subcommittee size.
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ func TestService_HeadSyncCommitteeDomain(t *testing.T) {
 	wanted, err := signing.Domain(s.Fork(), slots.ToEpoch(s.Slot()), params.BeaconConfig().DomainSyncCommittee, s.GenesisValidatorsRoot())
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	d, err := c.HeadSyncCommitteeDomain(context.Background(), 0)
+	d, err := c.HeadSyncCommitteeDomain(t.Context(), 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.DeepEqual(t, wanted, d)
@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ func TestService_HeadSyncContributionProofDomain(t *testing.T) {
 	wanted, err := signing.Domain(s.Fork(), slots.ToEpoch(s.Slot()), params.BeaconConfig().DomainContributionAndProof, s.GenesisValidatorsRoot())
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	d, err := c.HeadSyncContributionProofDomain(context.Background(), 0)
+	d, err := c.HeadSyncContributionProofDomain(t.Context(), 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.DeepEqual(t, wanted, d)
@@ -116,7 +115,7 @@ func TestService_HeadSyncSelectionProofDomain(t *testing.T) {
 	wanted, err := signing.Domain(s.Fork(), slots.ToEpoch(s.Slot()), params.BeaconConfig().DomainSyncCommitteeSelectionProof, s.GenesisValidatorsRoot())
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	d, err := c.HeadSyncSelectionProofDomain(context.Background(), 0)
+	d, err := c.HeadSyncSelectionProofDomain(t.Context(), 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.DeepEqual(t, wanted, d)
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/head_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/head_test.go
@@ -34,17 +34,17 @@ func TestSaveHead_Same(t *testing.T) {
 	b, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 1)
-	require.NoError(t, service.saveHead(context.Background(), r, b, st))
+	require.NoError(t, service.saveHead(t.Context(), r, b, st))
 	assert.Equal(t, primitives.Slot(0), service.headSlot(), "Head did not stay the same")
 	assert.Equal(t, r, service.headRoot(), "Head did not stay the same")
 }

 func TestSaveHead_Different(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	service := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)

-	oldBlock := util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), service.cfg.BeaconDB, util.NewBeaconBlock())
+	oldBlock := util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), service.cfg.BeaconDB, util.NewBeaconBlock())
 	oldRoot, err := oldBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func TestSaveHead_Different(t *testing.T) {
 	newHeadSignedBlock.Block.Slot = 1
 	newHeadBlock := newHeadSignedBlock.Block

-	wsb := util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), service.cfg.BeaconDB, newHeadSignedBlock)
+	wsb := util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), service.cfg.BeaconDB, newHeadSignedBlock)
 	newRoot, err := newHeadBlock.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, slots.PrevSlot(wsb.Block().Slot()), wsb.Block().ParentRoot(), service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.CachedHeadRoot(), [32]byte{}, ojc, ofc)
@@ -74,13 +74,13 @@ func TestSaveHead_Different(t *testing.T) {
 	headState, err := util.NewBeaconState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, headState.SetSlot(1))
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveStateSummary(context.Background(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Slot: 1, Root: newRoot[:]}))
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(context.Background(), headState, newRoot))
-	require.NoError(t, service.saveHead(context.Background(), newRoot, wsb, headState))
+	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveStateSummary(t.Context(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Slot: 1, Root: newRoot[:]}))
+	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(t.Context(), headState, newRoot))
+	require.NoError(t, service.saveHead(t.Context(), newRoot, wsb, headState))

 	assert.Equal(t, primitives.Slot(1), service.HeadSlot(), "Head did not change")

-	cachedRoot, err := service.HeadRoot(context.Background())
+	cachedRoot, err := service.HeadRoot(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.DeepEqual(t, cachedRoot, newRoot[:], "Head did not change")
 	headBlock, err := service.headBlock()
@@ -92,12 +92,12 @@ func TestSaveHead_Different(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestSaveHead_Different_Reorg(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	hook := logTest.NewGlobal()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	service := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)

-	oldBlock := util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), service.cfg.BeaconDB, util.NewBeaconBlock())
+	oldBlock := util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), service.cfg.BeaconDB, util.NewBeaconBlock())
 	oldRoot, err := oldBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ func TestSaveHead_Different_Reorg(t *testing.T) {
 	newHeadSignedBlock.Block.ParentRoot = reorgChainParent[:]
 	newHeadBlock := newHeadSignedBlock.Block

-	wsb := util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), service.cfg.BeaconDB, newHeadSignedBlock)
+	wsb := util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), service.cfg.BeaconDB, newHeadSignedBlock)
 	newRoot, err := newHeadBlock.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	state, blkRoot, err = prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, wsb.Block().Slot(), newRoot, wsb.Block().ParentRoot(), [32]byte{}, ojc, ofc)
@@ -129,13 +129,13 @@ func TestSaveHead_Different_Reorg(t *testing.T) {
 	headState, err := util.NewBeaconState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, headState.SetSlot(1))
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveStateSummary(context.Background(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Slot: 1, Root: newRoot[:]}))
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(context.Background(), headState, newRoot))
-	require.NoError(t, service.saveHead(context.Background(), newRoot, wsb, headState))
+	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveStateSummary(t.Context(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Slot: 1, Root: newRoot[:]}))
+	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(t.Context(), headState, newRoot))
+	require.NoError(t, service.saveHead(t.Context(), newRoot, wsb, headState))

 	assert.Equal(t, primitives.Slot(1), service.HeadSlot(), "Head did not change")

-	cachedRoot, err := service.HeadRoot(context.Background())
+	cachedRoot, err := service.HeadRoot(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	if !bytes.Equal(cachedRoot, newRoot[:]) {
 		t.Error("Head did not change")
@@ -162,12 +162,13 @@ func Test_notifyNewHeadEvent(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			originBlockRoot: [32]byte{1},
 		}
-		st, blk, err := prepareForkchoiceState(context.Background(), 0, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, &ethpb.Checkpoint{}, &ethpb.Checkpoint{})
+		srv.SetGenesisTime(time.Now())
+		st, blk, err := prepareForkchoiceState(t.Context(), 0, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, &ethpb.Checkpoint{}, &ethpb.Checkpoint{})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NoError(t, srv.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(context.Background(), st, blk))
+		require.NoError(t, srv.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(t.Context(), st, blk))
 		newHeadStateRoot := [32]byte{2}
 		newHeadRoot := [32]byte{3}
-		require.NoError(t, srv.notifyNewHeadEvent(context.Background(), 1, bState, newHeadStateRoot[:], newHeadRoot[:]))
+		require.NoError(t, srv.notifyNewHeadEvent(t.Context(), 1, bState, newHeadStateRoot[:], newHeadRoot[:]))
 		events := notifier.ReceivedEvents()
 		require.Equal(t, 1, len(events))

@@ -194,9 +195,10 @@ func Test_notifyNewHeadEvent(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			originBlockRoot: genesisRoot,
 		}
-		st, blk, err := prepareForkchoiceState(context.Background(), 0, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, &ethpb.Checkpoint{}, &ethpb.Checkpoint{})
+		srv.SetGenesisTime(time.Now())
+		st, blk, err := prepareForkchoiceState(t.Context(), 0, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, [32]byte{}, &ethpb.Checkpoint{}, &ethpb.Checkpoint{})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NoError(t, srv.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(context.Background(), st, blk))
+		require.NoError(t, srv.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(t.Context(), st, blk))
 		epoch1Start, err := slots.EpochStart(1)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		epoch2Start, err := slots.EpochStart(1)
@@ -205,7 +207,7 @@ func Test_notifyNewHeadEvent(t *testing.T) {

 		newHeadStateRoot := [32]byte{2}
 		newHeadRoot := [32]byte{3}
-		err = srv.notifyNewHeadEvent(context.Background(), epoch2Start, bState, newHeadStateRoot[:], newHeadRoot[:])
+		err = srv.notifyNewHeadEvent(t.Context(), epoch2Start, bState, newHeadStateRoot[:], newHeadRoot[:])
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		events := notifier.ReceivedEvents()
 		require.Equal(t, 1, len(events))
@@ -225,11 +227,11 @@ func Test_notifyNewHeadEvent(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestRetrieveHead_ReadOnly(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	service := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)

-	oldBlock := util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), service.cfg.BeaconDB, util.NewBeaconBlock())
+	oldBlock := util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), service.cfg.BeaconDB, util.NewBeaconBlock())
 	oldRoot, err := oldBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	service.head = &head{
@@ -243,7 +245,7 @@ func TestRetrieveHead_ReadOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	ojc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}
 	ofc := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash[:]}

-	wsb := util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), service.cfg.BeaconDB, newHeadSignedBlock)
+	wsb := util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), service.cfg.BeaconDB, newHeadSignedBlock)
 	newRoot, err := newHeadBlock.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	state, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(ctx, slots.PrevSlot(wsb.Block().Slot()), wsb.Block().ParentRoot(), service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.CachedHeadRoot(), [32]byte{}, ojc, ofc)
@@ -256,9 +258,9 @@ func TestRetrieveHead_ReadOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	headState, err := util.NewBeaconState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, headState.SetSlot(1))
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveStateSummary(context.Background(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Slot: 1, Root: newRoot[:]}))
-	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(context.Background(), headState, newRoot))
-	require.NoError(t, service.saveHead(context.Background(), newRoot, wsb, headState))
+	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveStateSummary(t.Context(), &ethpb.StateSummary{Slot: 1, Root: newRoot[:]}))
+	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveState(t.Context(), headState, newRoot))
+	require.NoError(t, service.saveHead(t.Context(), newRoot, wsb, headState))

 	rOnlyState, err := service.HeadStateReadOnly(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -267,7 +269,7 @@ func TestRetrieveHead_ReadOnly(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestSaveOrphanedAtts(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	service := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
 	service.genesisTime = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(-10*int64(1)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)) * time.Second)
@@ -333,7 +335,7 @@ func TestSaveOrphanedAtts(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestSaveOrphanedAttsElectra(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	service := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
 	service.genesisTime = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(-10*int64(1)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)) * time.Second)
@@ -404,10 +406,10 @@ func TestSaveOrphanedOps(t *testing.T) {
 	config.ShardCommitteePeriod = 0
 	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(config)

-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	service := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
-	service.genesisTime = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(-10*int64(1)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)) * time.Second)
+	service.SetGenesisTime(time.Now().Add(time.Duration(-10*int64(1)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)) * time.Second))

 	// Chain setup
 	// 0 -- 1 -- 2 -- 3
@@ -481,7 +483,7 @@ func TestSaveOrphanedOps(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestSaveOrphanedAtts_CanFilter(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	service := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
 	service.cfg.BLSToExecPool = blstoexec.NewPool()
@@ -539,7 +541,7 @@ func TestSaveOrphanedAtts_CanFilter(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestSaveOrphanedAtts_DoublyLinkedTrie(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	service := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
 	service.genesisTime = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(-10*int64(1)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)) * time.Second)
@@ -604,7 +606,7 @@ func TestSaveOrphanedAtts_DoublyLinkedTrie(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestSaveOrphanedAtts_CanFilter_DoublyLinkedTrie(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	service := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
 	service.genesisTime = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(-1*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch+2)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)) * time.Second)
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/init_sync_process_block_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/init_sync_process_block_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blockchain

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"

 	testDB "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/testing"
@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 )

 func TestService_getBlock(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	s := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
 	b1 := util.NewBeaconBlock()
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ func TestService_getBlock(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestService_hasBlockInInitSyncOrDB(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	s := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
 	b1 := util.NewBeaconBlock()
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/kzg/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/kzg/BUILD.bazel
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ go_test(
    embed = [":go_default_library"],
    deps = [
        "//consensus-types/blocks:go_default_library",
+        "//crypto/random:go_default_library",
        "//testing/require:go_default_library",
-        "//testing/util:go_default_library",
        "@com_github_crate_crypto_go_kzg_4844//:go_default_library",
    ],
 )
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/kzg/validation_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/kzg/validation_test.go
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/crypto/random"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/require"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/util"
 	GoKZG "github.com/crate-crypto/go-kzg-4844"
 )

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func TestBytesToAny(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestGenerateCommitmentAndProof(t *testing.T) {
-	blob := util.GetRandBlob(123)
+	blob := random.GetRandBlob(123)
 	commitment, proof, err := GenerateCommitmentAndProof(blob)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	expectedCommitment := GoKZG.KZGCommitment{180, 218, 156, 194, 59, 20, 10, 189, 186, 254, 132, 93, 7, 127, 104, 172, 238, 240, 237, 70, 83, 89, 1, 152, 99, 0, 165, 65, 143, 62, 20, 215, 230, 14, 205, 95, 28, 245, 54, 25, 160, 16, 178, 31, 232, 207, 38, 85}
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/log.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/log.go
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ func logStateTransitionData(b interfaces.ReadOnlyBeaconBlock) error {
 	return nil
 }

-func logBlockSyncStatus(block interfaces.ReadOnlyBeaconBlock, blockRoot [32]byte, justified, finalized *ethpb.Checkpoint, receivedTime time.Time, genesisTime uint64, daWaitedTime time.Duration) error {
-	startTime, err := slots.ToTime(genesisTime, block.Slot())
+func logBlockSyncStatus(block interfaces.ReadOnlyBeaconBlock, blockRoot [32]byte, justified, finalized *ethpb.Checkpoint, receivedTime time.Time, genesis time.Time, daWaitedTime time.Duration) error {
+	startTime, err := slots.ToTime(genesis, block.Slot())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/metrics_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/metrics_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blockchain

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"

 	eth "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ func TestReportEpochMetrics_BadHeadState(t *testing.T) {
 	h, err := util.NewBeaconState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, h.SetValidators(nil))
-	err = reportEpochMetrics(context.Background(), s, h)
+	err = reportEpochMetrics(t.Context(), s, h)
 	require.ErrorContains(t, "failed to initialize precompute: state has nil validator slice", err)
 }

@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ func TestReportEpochMetrics_BadAttestation(t *testing.T) {
 	h, err := util.NewBeaconState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, h.AppendCurrentEpochAttestations(&eth.PendingAttestation{InclusionDelay: 0}))
-	err = reportEpochMetrics(context.Background(), s, h)
+	err = reportEpochMetrics(t.Context(), s, h)
 	require.ErrorContains(t, "attestation with inclusion delay of 0", err)
 }

@@ -36,6 +35,6 @@ func TestReportEpochMetrics_SlashedValidatorOutOfBound(t *testing.T) {
 	v.Slashed = true
 	require.NoError(t, h.UpdateValidatorAtIndex(0, v))
 	require.NoError(t, h.AppendCurrentEpochAttestations(&eth.PendingAttestation{InclusionDelay: 1, Data: util.HydrateAttestationData(&eth.AttestationData{})}))
-	err = reportEpochMetrics(context.Background(), h, h)
+	err = reportEpochMetrics(t.Context(), h, h)
 	require.ErrorContains(t, "slot 0 out of bounds", err)
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/options.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/options.go
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 package blockchain

 import (
+	"time"
+
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/async/event"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/cache"
 	statefeed "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
 	lightclient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/light-client"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/peerdas"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/filesystem"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/execution"
@@ -127,9 +130,9 @@ func WithBLSToExecPool(p blstoexec.PoolManager) Option {
 }

 // WithP2PBroadcaster to broadcast messages after appropriate processing.
-func WithP2PBroadcaster(p p2p.Broadcaster) Option {
+func WithP2PBroadcaster(p p2p.Accessor) Option {
 	return func(s *Service) error {
-		s.cfg.P2p = p
+		s.cfg.P2P = p
 		return nil
 	}
 }
@@ -208,6 +211,15 @@ func WithBlobStorage(b *filesystem.BlobStorage) Option {
 	}
 }

+// WithDataColumnStorage sets the data column storage backend for the blockchain service.
+func WithDataColumnStorage(b *filesystem.DataColumnStorage) Option {
+	return func(s *Service) error {
+		s.dataColumnStorage = b
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// WithSyncChecker sets the sync checker for the blockchain service.
 func WithSyncChecker(checker Checker) Option {
 	return func(s *Service) error {
 		s.cfg.SyncChecker = checker
@@ -215,6 +227,15 @@ func WithSyncChecker(checker Checker) Option {
 	}
 }

+// WithCustodyInfo sets the custody info for the blockchain service.
+func WithCustodyInfo(custodyInfo *peerdas.CustodyInfo) Option {
+	return func(s *Service) error {
+		s.cfg.CustodyInfo = custodyInfo
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// WithSlasherEnabled sets whether the slasher is enabled or not.
 func WithSlasherEnabled(enabled bool) Option {
 	return func(s *Service) error {
 		s.slasherEnabled = enabled
@@ -222,6 +243,15 @@ func WithSlasherEnabled(enabled bool) Option {
 	}
 }

+// WithGenesisTime sets the genesis time for the blockchain service.
+func WithGenesisTime(genesisTime time.Time) Option {
+	return func(s *Service) error {
+		s.genesisTime = genesisTime.Truncate(time.Second) // Genesis time has a precision of 1 second.
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// WithLightClientStore sets the light client store for the blockchain service.
 func WithLightClientStore(lcs *lightclient.Store) Option {
 	return func(s *Service) error {
 		s.lcStore = lcs
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_attestation.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_attestation.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/encoding/bytesutil"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/monitoring/tracing/trace"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
@@ -59,10 +60,8 @@ func (s *Service) OnAttestation(ctx context.Context, a ethpb.Att, disparity time
 		return err
 	}

-	genesisTime := uint64(s.genesisTime.Unix())
-
 	// Verify attestation target is from current epoch or previous epoch.
-	if err := verifyAttTargetEpoch(ctx, genesisTime, uint64(time.Now().Add(disparity).Unix()), tgt); err != nil {
+	if err := verifyAttTargetEpoch(ctx, s.genesisTime, time.Now().Add(disparity), tgt); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ func (s *Service) OnAttestation(ctx context.Context, a ethpb.Att, disparity time
 	// validate_aggregate_proof.go and validate_beacon_attestation.go

 	// Verify attestations can only affect the fork choice of subsequent slots.
-	if err := slots.VerifyTime(genesisTime, a.GetData().Slot+1, disparity); err != nil {
+	if err := slots.VerifyTime(s.genesisTime, a.GetData().Slot+1, disparity); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ func (s *Service) OnAttestation(ctx context.Context, a ethpb.Att, disparity time
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if err := attestation.IsValidAttestationIndices(ctx, indexedAtt); err != nil {
+	if err := attestation.IsValidAttestationIndices(ctx, indexedAtt, params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerCommittee, params.BeaconConfig().MaxCommitteesPerSlot); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_attestation_helpers.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_attestation_helpers.go
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/async"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/transition"
 	forkchoicetypes "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/state"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/encoding/bytesutil"
@@ -139,8 +139,8 @@ func (s *Service) getAttPreState(ctx context.Context, c *ethpb.Checkpoint) (stat
 }

 // verifyAttTargetEpoch validates attestation is from the current or previous epoch.
-func verifyAttTargetEpoch(_ context.Context, genesisTime, nowTime uint64, c *ethpb.Checkpoint) error {
-	currentSlot := primitives.Slot((nowTime - genesisTime) / params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)
+func verifyAttTargetEpoch(_ context.Context, genesis, now time.Time, c *ethpb.Checkpoint) error {
+	currentSlot := slots.SlotAt(genesis, now)
 	currentEpoch := slots.ToEpoch(currentSlot)
 	var prevEpoch primitives.Epoch
 	// Prevents previous epoch under flow
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_attestation_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_attestation_test.go
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ func TestStore_OnAttestation_Ok_DoublyLinkedTree(t *testing.T) {

 func TestService_GetRecentPreState(t *testing.T) {
 	service, _ := minimalTestService(t)
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()

 	s, err := util.NewBeaconState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ func TestService_GetRecentPreState(t *testing.T) {

 func TestService_GetAttPreState_Concurrency(t *testing.T) {
 	service, _ := minimalTestService(t)
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()

 	s, err := util.NewBeaconState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -353,29 +353,29 @@ func TestStore_UpdateCheckpointState(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAttEpoch_MatchPrevEpoch(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()

-	nowTime := uint64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch) * params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot
-	require.NoError(t, verifyAttTargetEpoch(ctx, 0, nowTime, &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength)}))
+	nowTime := time.Unix(int64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot), 0)
+	require.NoError(t, verifyAttTargetEpoch(ctx, time.Unix(0, 0), nowTime, &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength)}))
 }

 func TestAttEpoch_MatchCurrentEpoch(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()

-	nowTime := uint64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch) * params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot
-	require.NoError(t, verifyAttTargetEpoch(ctx, 0, nowTime, &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 1}))
+	nowTime := time.Unix(int64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot), 0)
+	require.NoError(t, verifyAttTargetEpoch(ctx, time.Unix(0, 0), nowTime, &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: 1}))
 }

 func TestAttEpoch_NotMatch(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()

-	nowTime := 2 * uint64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch) * params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot
-	err := verifyAttTargetEpoch(ctx, 0, nowTime, &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength)})
+	nowTime := time.Unix(2*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot), 0)
+	err := verifyAttTargetEpoch(ctx, time.Unix(0, 0), nowTime, &ethpb.Checkpoint{Root: make([]byte, fieldparams.RootLength)})
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, "target epoch 0 does not match current epoch 2 or prev epoch 1", err)
 }

 func TestVerifyBeaconBlock_NoBlock(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	opts := testServiceOptsWithDB(t)
 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ func TestVerifyBeaconBlock_NoBlock(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestVerifyBeaconBlock_futureBlock(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()

 	opts := testServiceOptsWithDB(t)
 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ func TestVerifyBeaconBlock_futureBlock(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestVerifyBeaconBlock_OK(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()

 	opts := testServiceOptsWithDB(t)
 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block.go
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ package blockchain
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/peerdas"
 	coreTime "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/time"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/transition"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/das"
@@ -70,8 +72,6 @@ func (s *Service) postBlockProcess(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) error {
 	}
 	if features.Get().EnableLightClient && slots.ToEpoch(s.CurrentSlot()) >= params.BeaconConfig().AltairForkEpoch {
 		defer s.processLightClientUpdates(cfg)
-		defer s.saveLightClientUpdate(cfg)
-		defer s.saveLightClientBootstrap(cfg)
 	}
 	defer s.sendStateFeedOnBlock(cfg)
 	defer reportProcessingTime(startTime)
@@ -239,8 +239,9 @@ func (s *Service) onBlockBatch(ctx context.Context, blks []consensusblocks.ROBlo
 				return err
 			}
 		}
+
 		if err := avs.IsDataAvailable(ctx, s.CurrentSlot(), b); err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not validate blob data availability at slot %d", b.Block().Slot())
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not validate sidecar availability at slot %d", b.Block().Slot())
 		}
 		args := &forkchoicetypes.BlockAndCheckpoints{Block: b,
 			JustifiedCheckpoint: jCheckpoints[i],
@@ -578,12 +579,12 @@ func (s *Service) runLateBlockTasks() {
 	}
 }

-// missingIndices uses the expected commitments from the block to determine
+// missingBlobIndices uses the expected commitments from the block to determine
 // which BlobSidecar indices would need to be in the database for DA success.
 // It returns a map where each key represents a missing BlobSidecar index.
 // An empty map means we have all indices; a non-empty map can be used to compare incoming
 // BlobSidecars against the set of known missing sidecars.
-func missingIndices(bs *filesystem.BlobStorage, root [32]byte, expected [][]byte, slot primitives.Slot) (map[uint64]struct{}, error) {
+func missingBlobIndices(bs *filesystem.BlobStorage, root [fieldparams.RootLength]byte, expected [][]byte, slot primitives.Slot) (map[uint64]bool, error) {
 	maxBlobsPerBlock := params.BeaconConfig().MaxBlobsPerBlock(slot)
 	if len(expected) == 0 {
 		return nil, nil
@@ -592,29 +593,223 @@ func missingIndices(bs *filesystem.BlobStorage, root [32]byte, expected [][]byte
 		return nil, errMaxBlobsExceeded
 	}
 	indices := bs.Summary(root)
-	missing := make(map[uint64]struct{}, len(expected))
+	missing := make(map[uint64]bool, len(expected))
 	for i := range expected {
 		if len(expected[i]) > 0 && !indices.HasIndex(uint64(i)) {
-			missing[uint64(i)] = struct{}{}
+			missing[uint64(i)] = true
 		}
 	}
 	return missing, nil
 }

-// isDataAvailable blocks until all BlobSidecars committed to in the block are available,
-// or an error or context cancellation occurs. A nil result means that the data availability check is successful.
-// The function will first check the database to see if all sidecars have been persisted. If any
-// sidecars are missing, it will then read from the blobNotifier channel for the given root until the channel is
-// closed, the context hits cancellation/timeout, or notifications have been received for all the missing sidecars.
-func (s *Service) isDataAvailable(ctx context.Context, root [32]byte, signed interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock) error {
-	if signed.Version() < version.Deneb {
-		return nil
+// missingDataColumnIndices uses the expected data columns from the block to determine
+// which DataColumnSidecar indices would need to be in the database for DA success.
+// It returns a map where each key represents a missing DataColumnSidecar index.
+// An empty map means we have all indices; a non-empty map can be used to compare incoming
+// DataColumns against the set of known missing sidecars.
+func missingDataColumnIndices(bs *filesystem.DataColumnStorage, root [fieldparams.RootLength]byte, expected map[uint64]bool) (map[uint64]bool, error) {
+	if len(expected) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
 	}

-	block := signed.Block()
+	numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
+
+	if uint64(len(expected)) > numberOfColumns {
+		return nil, errMaxDataColumnsExceeded
+	}
+
+	// Get a summary of the data columns stored in the database.
+	summary := bs.Summary(root)
+
+	// Check all expected data columns against the summary.
+	missing := make(map[uint64]bool)
+	for column := range expected {
+		if !summary.HasIndex(column) {
+			missing[column] = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return missing, nil
+}
+
+// isDataAvailable blocks until all sidecars committed to in the block are available,
+// or an error or context cancellation occurs. A nil result means that the data availability check is successful.
+// The function will first check the database to see if all sidecars have been persisted. If any
+// sidecars are missing, it will then read from the sidecar notifier channel for the given root until the channel is
+// closed, the context hits cancellation/timeout, or notifications have been received for all the missing sidecars.
+func (s *Service) isDataAvailable(ctx context.Context, root [32]byte, signedBlock interfaces.ReadOnlySignedBeaconBlock) error {
+	block := signedBlock.Block()
 	if block == nil {
 		return errors.New("invalid nil beacon block")
 	}
+
+	blockVersion := block.Version()
+	if blockVersion >= version.Fulu {
+		return s.areDataColumnsAvailable(ctx, root, block)
+	}
+
+	if blockVersion >= version.Deneb {
+		return s.areBlobsAvailable(ctx, root, block)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// areDataColumnsAvailable blocks until all data columns committed to in the block are available,
+// or an error or context cancellation occurs. A nil result means that the data availability check is successful.
+func (s *Service) areDataColumnsAvailable(ctx context.Context, root [fieldparams.RootLength]byte, block interfaces.ReadOnlyBeaconBlock) error {
+	// We are only required to check within MIN_EPOCHS_FOR_BLOB_SIDECARS_REQUESTS
+	blockSlot, currentSlot := block.Slot(), s.CurrentSlot()
+	blockEpoch, currentEpoch := slots.ToEpoch(blockSlot), slots.ToEpoch(currentSlot)
+
+	if !params.WithinDAPeriod(blockEpoch, currentEpoch) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	body := block.Body()
+	if body == nil {
+		return errors.New("invalid nil beacon block body")
+	}
+
+	kzgCommitments, err := body.BlobKzgCommitments()
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "blob KZG commitments")
+	}
+
+	// If block has not commitments there is nothing to wait for.
+	if len(kzgCommitments) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// All columns to sample need to be available for the block to be considered available.
+	// https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/v1.5.0-alpha.10/specs/fulu/das-core.md#custody-sampling
+	nodeID := s.cfg.P2P.NodeID()
+
+	// Prevent custody group count to change during the rest of the function.
+	s.cfg.CustodyInfo.Mut.RLock()
+	defer s.cfg.CustodyInfo.Mut.RUnlock()
+
+	// Get the custody group sampling size for the node.
+	custodyGroupSamplingSize := s.cfg.CustodyInfo.CustodyGroupSamplingSize(peerdas.Actual)
+	peerInfo, _, err := peerdas.Info(nodeID, custodyGroupSamplingSize)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "peer info")
+	}
+
+	// Subscribe to newly data columns stored in the database.
+	subscription, identsChan := s.dataColumnStorage.Subscribe()
+	defer subscription.Unsubscribe()
+
+	// Get the count of data columns we already have in the store.
+	summary := s.dataColumnStorage.Summary(root)
+	storedDataColumnsCount := summary.Count()
+
+	minimumColumnCountToReconstruct := peerdas.MinimumColumnsCountToReconstruct()
+
+	// As soon as we have enough data column sidecars, we can reconstruct the missing ones.
+	// We don't need to wait for the rest of the data columns to declare the block as available.
+	if storedDataColumnsCount >= minimumColumnCountToReconstruct {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Get a map of data column indices that are not currently available.
+	missingMap, err := missingDataColumnIndices(s.dataColumnStorage, root, peerInfo.CustodyColumns)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "missing data columns")
+	}
+
+	// If there are no missing indices, all data column sidecars are available.
+	// This is the happy path.
+	if len(missingMap) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Log for DA checks that cross over into the next slot; helpful for debugging.
+	nextSlot := slots.BeginsAt(block.Slot()+1, s.genesisTime)
+
+	// Avoid logging if DA check is called after next slot start.
+	if nextSlot.After(time.Now()) {
+		timer := time.AfterFunc(time.Until(nextSlot), func() {
+			missingMapCount := uint64(len(missingMap))
+
+			if missingMapCount == 0 {
+				return
+			}
+
+			var (
+				expected interface{} = "all"
+				missing  interface{} = "all"
+			)
+
+			numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
+			colMapCount := uint64(len(peerInfo.CustodyColumns))
+
+			if colMapCount < numberOfColumns {
+				expected = uint64MapToSortedSlice(peerInfo.CustodyColumns)
+			}
+
+			if missingMapCount < numberOfColumns {
+				missing = uint64MapToSortedSlice(missingMap)
+			}
+
+			log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+				"slot":            block.Slot(),
+				"root":            fmt.Sprintf("%#x", root),
+				"columnsExpected": expected,
+				"columnsWaiting":  missing,
+			}).Warning("Data columns still missing at slot end")
+		})
+		defer timer.Stop()
+	}
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case idents := <-identsChan:
+			if idents.Root != root {
+				// This is not the root we are looking for.
+				continue
+			}
+
+			for _, index := range idents.Indices {
+				// This is a data column we are expecting.
+				if _, ok := missingMap[index]; ok {
+					storedDataColumnsCount++
+				}
+
+				// As soon as we have more than half of the data columns, we can reconstruct the missing ones.
+				// We don't need to wait for the rest of the data columns to declare the block as available.
+				if storedDataColumnsCount >= minimumColumnCountToReconstruct {
+					return nil
+				}
+
+				// Remove the index from the missing map.
+				delete(missingMap, index)
+
+				// Return if there is no more missing data columns.
+				if len(missingMap) == 0 {
+					return nil
+				}
+			}
+
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			var missingIndices interface{} = "all"
+			numberOfColumns := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns
+			missingIndicesCount := uint64(len(missingMap))
+
+			if missingIndicesCount < numberOfColumns {
+				missingIndices = uint64MapToSortedSlice(missingMap)
+			}
+
+			return errors.Wrapf(ctx.Err(), "data column sidecars slot: %d, BlockRoot: %#x, missing %v", block.Slot(), root, missingIndices)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// areBlobsAvailable blocks until all BlobSidecars committed to in the block are available,
+// or an error or context cancellation occurs. A nil result means that the data availability check is successful.
+func (s *Service) areBlobsAvailable(ctx context.Context, root [fieldparams.RootLength]byte, block interfaces.ReadOnlyBeaconBlock) error {
+	blockSlot := block.Slot()
+
 	// We are only required to check within MIN_EPOCHS_FOR_BLOB_SIDECARS_REQUESTS
 	if !params.WithinDAPeriod(slots.ToEpoch(block.Slot()), slots.ToEpoch(s.CurrentSlot())) {
 		return nil
@@ -634,9 +829,9 @@ func (s *Service) isDataAvailable(ctx context.Context, root [32]byte, signed int
 		return nil
 	}
 	// get a map of BlobSidecar indices that are not currently available.
-	missing, err := missingIndices(s.blobStorage, root, kzgCommitments, block.Slot())
+	missing, err := missingBlobIndices(s.blobStorage, root, kzgCommitments, block.Slot())
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "missing indices")
 	}
 	// If there are no missing indices, all BlobSidecars are available.
 	if len(missing) == 0 {
@@ -648,15 +843,20 @@ func (s *Service) isDataAvailable(ctx context.Context, root [32]byte, signed int
 	nc := s.blobNotifiers.forRoot(root, block.Slot())

 	// Log for DA checks that cross over into the next slot; helpful for debugging.
-	nextSlot := slots.BeginsAt(signed.Block().Slot()+1, s.genesisTime)
+	nextSlot := slots.BeginsAt(block.Slot()+1, s.genesisTime)
 	// Avoid logging if DA check is called after next slot start.
 	if nextSlot.After(time.Now()) {
 		nst := time.AfterFunc(time.Until(nextSlot), func() {
 			if len(missing) == 0 {
 				return
 			}
-			log.WithFields(daCheckLogFields(root, signed.Block().Slot(), expected, len(missing))).
-				Error("Still waiting for DA check at slot end.")
+
+			log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+				"slot":          blockSlot,
+				"root":          fmt.Sprintf("%#x", root),
+				"blobsExpected": expected,
+				"blobsWaiting":  len(missing),
+			}).Error("Still waiting for blobs DA check at slot end.")
 		})
 		defer nst.Stop()
 	}
@@ -678,13 +878,14 @@ func (s *Service) isDataAvailable(ctx context.Context, root [32]byte, signed int
 	}
 }

-func daCheckLogFields(root [32]byte, slot primitives.Slot, expected, missing int) logrus.Fields {
-	return logrus.Fields{
-		"slot":          slot,
-		"root":          fmt.Sprintf("%#x", root),
-		"blobsExpected": expected,
-		"blobsWaiting":  missing,
+// uint64MapToSortedSlice produces a sorted uint64 slice from a map.
+func uint64MapToSortedSlice(input map[uint64]bool) []uint64 {
+	output := make([]uint64, 0, len(input))
+	for idx := range input {
+		output = append(output, idx)
 	}
+	slices.Sort[[]uint64](output)
+	return output
 }

 // lateBlockTasks  is called 4 seconds into the slot and performs tasks
@@ -693,7 +894,7 @@ func daCheckLogFields(root [32]byte, slot primitives.Slot, expected, missing int
 // it also updates the next slot cache and the proposer index cache to deal with skipped slots.
 func (s *Service) lateBlockTasks(ctx context.Context) {
 	currentSlot := s.CurrentSlot()
-	if s.CurrentSlot() == s.HeadSlot() {
+	if currentSlot == s.HeadSlot() {
 		return
 	}
 	s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.RLock()
@@ -770,7 +971,7 @@ func (s *Service) waitForSync() error {
 	}
 }

-func (s *Service) handleInvalidExecutionError(ctx context.Context, err error, blockRoot [32]byte, parentRoot [32]byte) error {
+func (s *Service) handleInvalidExecutionError(ctx context.Context, err error, blockRoot, parentRoot [fieldparams.RootLength]byte) error {
 	if IsInvalidBlock(err) && InvalidBlockLVH(err) != [32]byte{} {
 		return s.pruneInvalidBlock(ctx, blockRoot, parentRoot, InvalidBlockLVH(err))
 	}
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block_helpers.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block_helpers.go
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import (

 // CurrentSlot returns the current slot based on time.
 func (s *Service) CurrentSlot() primitives.Slot {
-	return slots.CurrentSlot(uint64(s.genesisTime.Unix()))
+	return slots.CurrentSlot(s.genesisTime)
 }

 // getFCUArgs returns the arguments to call forkchoice update
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func (s *Service) getFCUArgs(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig, fcuArgs *fcuConfig) er
 		return nil
 	}
 	slot := cfg.roblock.Block().Slot()
-	if slots.WithinVotingWindow(uint64(s.genesisTime.Unix()), slot) {
+	if slots.WithinVotingWindow(s.genesisTime, slot) {
 		return nil
 	}
 	return s.computePayloadAttributes(cfg, fcuArgs)
@@ -131,6 +131,12 @@ func (s *Service) sendStateFeedOnBlock(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) {
 }

 func (s *Service) processLightClientUpdates(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) {
+	if err := s.processLightClientUpdate(cfg); err != nil {
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Failed to process light client update")
+	}
+	if err := s.processLightClientBootstrap(cfg); err != nil {
+		log.WithError(err).Error("Failed to process light client bootstrap")
+	}
 	if err := s.processLightClientOptimisticUpdate(cfg.ctx, cfg.roblock, cfg.postState); err != nil {
 		log.WithError(err).Error("Failed to process light client optimistic update")
 	}
@@ -139,38 +145,33 @@ func (s *Service) processLightClientUpdates(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) {
 	}
 }

-// saveLightClientUpdate saves the light client update for this block
+// processLightClientUpdate saves the light client update for this block
 // if it's better than the already saved one, when feature flag is enabled.
-func (s *Service) saveLightClientUpdate(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) {
+func (s *Service) processLightClientUpdate(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) error {
 	attestedRoot := cfg.roblock.Block().ParentRoot()
 	attestedBlock, err := s.getBlock(cfg.ctx, attestedRoot)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Errorf("Saving light client update failed: Could not get attested block for root %#x", attestedRoot)
-		return
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get attested block for root %#x", attestedRoot)
 	}
 	if attestedBlock == nil || attestedBlock.IsNil() {
-		log.Error("Saving light client update failed: Attested block is nil")
-		return
+		return errors.New("attested block is nil")
 	}
 	attestedState, err := s.cfg.StateGen.StateByRoot(cfg.ctx, attestedRoot)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Errorf("Saving light client update failed: Could not get attested state for root %#x", attestedRoot)
-		return
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get attested state for root %#x", attestedRoot)
 	}
 	if attestedState == nil || attestedState.IsNil() {
-		log.Error("Saving light client update failed: Attested state is nil")
-		return
+		return errors.New("attested state is nil")
 	}

 	finalizedRoot := attestedState.FinalizedCheckpoint().Root
 	finalizedBlock, err := s.getBlock(cfg.ctx, [32]byte(finalizedRoot))
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, errBlockNotFoundInCacheOrDB) {
-			log.Debugf("Skipping saving light client update: Finalized block is nil for root %#x", finalizedRoot)
-		} else {
-			log.WithError(err).Errorf("Saving light client update failed: Could not get finalized block for root %#x", finalizedRoot)
+			log.Debugf("Skipping saving light client update because finalized block is nil for root %#x", finalizedRoot)
+			return nil
 		}
-		return
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get finalized block for root %#x", finalizedRoot)
 	}

 	update, err := lightclient.NewLightClientUpdateFromBeaconState(
@@ -183,57 +184,52 @@ func (s *Service) saveLightClientUpdate(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) {
 		finalizedBlock,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("Saving light client update failed: Could not create light client update")
-		return
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not create light client update")
 	}

 	period := slots.SyncCommitteePeriod(slots.ToEpoch(attestedState.Slot()))

 	oldUpdate, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.LightClientUpdate(cfg.ctx, period)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("Saving light client update failed: Could not get current light client update")
-		return
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get current light client update")
 	}

 	if oldUpdate == nil {
 		if err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveLightClientUpdate(cfg.ctx, period, update); err != nil {
-			log.WithError(err).Error("Saving light client update failed: Could not save light client update")
-		} else {
-			log.WithField("period", period).Debug("Saving light client update: Saved new update")
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not save light client update")
 		}
-		return
+		log.WithField("period", period).Debug("Saved new light client update")
+		return nil
 	}

 	isNewUpdateBetter, err := lightclient.IsBetterUpdate(update, oldUpdate)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("Saving light client update failed: Could not compare light client updates")
-		return
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not compare light client updates")
 	}

 	if isNewUpdateBetter {
 		if err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveLightClientUpdate(cfg.ctx, period, update); err != nil {
-			log.WithError(err).Error("Saving light client update failed: Could not save light client update")
-		} else {
-			log.WithField("period", period).Debug("Saving light client update: Saved new update")
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not save light client update")
 		}
-	} else {
-		log.WithField("period", period).Debug("Saving light client update: New update is not better than the current one. Skipping save.")
+		log.WithField("period", period).Debug("Saved new light client update")
+		return nil
 	}
+	log.WithField("period", period).Debug("New light client update is not better than the current one, skipping save")
+	return nil
 }

-// saveLightClientBootstrap saves a light client bootstrap for this block
+// processLightClientBootstrap saves a light client bootstrap for this block
 // when feature flag is enabled.
-func (s *Service) saveLightClientBootstrap(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) {
+func (s *Service) processLightClientBootstrap(cfg *postBlockProcessConfig) error {
 	blockRoot := cfg.roblock.Root()
 	bootstrap, err := lightclient.NewLightClientBootstrapFromBeaconState(cfg.ctx, s.CurrentSlot(), cfg.postState, cfg.roblock)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("Saving light client bootstrap failed: Could not create light client bootstrap")
-		return
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not create light client bootstrap")
 	}
-	err = s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveLightClientBootstrap(cfg.ctx, blockRoot[:], bootstrap)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Error("Saving light client bootstrap failed: Could not save light client bootstrap in DB")
+	if err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveLightClientBootstrap(cfg.ctx, blockRoot[:], bootstrap); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not save light client bootstrap")
 	}
+	return nil
 }

 func (s *Service) processLightClientFinalityUpdate(
@@ -309,6 +305,11 @@ func (s *Service) processLightClientFinalityUpdate(
 		Type: statefeed.LightClientFinalityUpdate,
 		Data: newUpdate,
 	})
+
+	if err = s.cfg.P2P.BroadcastLightClientFinalityUpdate(ctx, newUpdate); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not broadcast light client finality update")
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }

@@ -358,6 +359,10 @@ func (s *Service) processLightClientOptimisticUpdate(ctx context.Context, signed
 		Data: newUpdate,
 	})

+	if err = s.cfg.P2P.BroadcastLightClientOptimisticUpdate(ctx, newUpdate); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not broadcast light client optimistic update")
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }

@@ -427,7 +432,7 @@ func (s *Service) getBlockPreState(ctx context.Context, b interfaces.ReadOnlyBea
 	}

 	// Verify block slot time is not from the future.
-	if err := slots.VerifyTime(uint64(s.genesisTime.Unix()), b.Slot(), params.BeaconConfig().MaximumGossipClockDisparityDuration()); err != nil {
+	if err := slots.VerifyTime(s.genesisTime, b.Slot(), params.BeaconConfig().MaximumGossipClockDisparityDuration()); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/process_block_test.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
 	lightClient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/light-client"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/peerdas"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/signing"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/transition"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/das"
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	doublylinkedtree "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
 	forkchoicetypes "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/forkchoice/types"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/attestations/kv"
+	mockp2p "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/p2p/testing"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/state"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/features"
 	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ import (
 )

 func Test_pruneAttsFromPool_Electra(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	logHook := logTest.NewGlobal()

 	params.SetupTestConfigCleanup(t)
@@ -239,7 +241,7 @@ func TestFillForkChoiceMissingBlocks_CanSave(t *testing.T) {
 	fcp2 := &forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{Epoch: 0, Root: r0}
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.UpdateFinalizedCheckpoint(fcp2))
 	err = service.fillInForkChoiceMissingBlocks(
-		context.Background(), wsb, beaconState.FinalizedCheckpoint(), beaconState.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint())
+		t.Context(), wsb, beaconState.FinalizedCheckpoint(), beaconState.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint())
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	// 5 nodes from the block tree 1. B0 - B3 - B4 - B6 - B8
@@ -282,7 +284,7 @@ func TestFillForkChoiceMissingBlocks_RootsMatch(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.UpdateFinalizedCheckpoint(fcp2))

 	err = service.fillInForkChoiceMissingBlocks(
-		context.Background(), wsb, beaconState.FinalizedCheckpoint(), beaconState.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint())
+		t.Context(), wsb, beaconState.FinalizedCheckpoint(), beaconState.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint())
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	// 5 nodes from the block tree 1. B0 - B3 - B4 - B6 - B8
@@ -292,7 +294,7 @@ func TestFillForkChoiceMissingBlocks_RootsMatch(t *testing.T) {
 	wantedRoots := [][]byte{roots[0], roots[3], roots[4], roots[6], roots[8]}
 	for i, rt := range wantedRoots {
 		assert.Equal(t, true, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.HasNode(bytesutil.ToBytes32(rt)), fmt.Sprintf("Didn't save node: %d", i))
-		assert.Equal(t, true, service.cfg.BeaconDB.HasBlock(context.Background(), bytesutil.ToBytes32(rt)))
+		assert.Equal(t, true, service.cfg.BeaconDB.HasBlock(t.Context(), bytesutil.ToBytes32(rt)))
 	}
 }

@@ -338,7 +340,7 @@ func TestFillForkChoiceMissingBlocks_FilterFinalized(t *testing.T) {
 	// Set finalized epoch to 2.
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.UpdateFinalizedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{Epoch: 2, Root: r64}))
 	err = service.fillInForkChoiceMissingBlocks(
-		context.Background(), wsb, beaconState.FinalizedCheckpoint(), beaconState.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint())
+		t.Context(), wsb, beaconState.FinalizedCheckpoint(), beaconState.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint())
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	// There should be 1 node: block 65
@@ -371,7 +373,7 @@ func TestFillForkChoiceMissingBlocks_FinalizedSibling(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	err = service.fillInForkChoiceMissingBlocks(
-		context.Background(), wsb, beaconState.FinalizedCheckpoint(), beaconState.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint())
+		t.Context(), wsb, beaconState.FinalizedCheckpoint(), beaconState.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint())
 	require.Equal(t, ErrNotDescendantOfFinalized.Error(), err.Error())
 }

@@ -449,20 +451,20 @@ func blockTree1(t *testing.T, beaconDB db.Database, genesisRoot []byte) ([][]byt
 		beaconBlock.Block.ParentRoot = bytesutil.PadTo(b.Block.ParentRoot, 32)
 		wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(beaconBlock)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		if err := beaconDB.SaveBlock(context.Background(), wsb); err != nil {
+		if err := beaconDB.SaveBlock(t.Context(), wsb); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		if err := beaconDB.SaveState(context.Background(), st.Copy(), bytesutil.ToBytes32(beaconBlock.Block.ParentRoot)); err != nil {
+		if err := beaconDB.SaveState(t.Context(), st.Copy(), bytesutil.ToBytes32(beaconBlock.Block.ParentRoot)); err != nil {
 			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not save state")
 		}
 	}
-	if err := beaconDB.SaveState(context.Background(), st.Copy(), r1); err != nil {
+	if err := beaconDB.SaveState(t.Context(), st.Copy(), r1); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if err := beaconDB.SaveState(context.Background(), st.Copy(), r7); err != nil {
+	if err := beaconDB.SaveState(t.Context(), st.Copy(), r7); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if err := beaconDB.SaveState(context.Background(), st.Copy(), r8); err != nil {
+	if err := beaconDB.SaveState(t.Context(), st.Copy(), r8); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return [][]byte{r0[:], r1[:], nil, r3[:], r4[:], r5[:], r6[:], r7[:], r8[:]}, nil
@@ -475,7 +477,7 @@ func TestCurrentSlot_HandlesOverflow(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, primitives.Slot(0), slot, "Unexpected slot")
 }
 func TestAncestorByDB_CtxErr(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
 	opts := testServiceOptsWithDB(t)
 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -508,18 +510,18 @@ func TestAncestor_HandleSkipSlot(t *testing.T) {
 		beaconBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 		beaconBlock.Block.Slot = b.Block.Slot
 		beaconBlock.Block.ParentRoot = bytesutil.PadTo(b.Block.ParentRoot, 32)
-		util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), beaconDB, beaconBlock)
+		util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), beaconDB, beaconBlock)
 	}

 	// Slots 100 to 200 are skip slots. Requesting root at 150 will yield root at 100. The last physical block.
-	r, err := service.Ancestor(context.Background(), r200[:], 150)
+	r, err := service.Ancestor(t.Context(), r200[:], 150)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	if bytesutil.ToBytes32(r) != r100 {
 		t.Error("Did not get correct root")
 	}

 	// Slots 1 to 100 are skip slots. Requesting root at 50 will yield root at 1. The last physical block.
-	r, err = service.Ancestor(context.Background(), r200[:], 50)
+	r, err = service.Ancestor(t.Context(), r200[:], 50)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	if bytesutil.ToBytes32(r) != r1 {
 		t.Error("Did not get correct root")
@@ -527,7 +529,7 @@ func TestAncestor_HandleSkipSlot(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAncestor_CanUseForkchoice(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	opts := testServiceOptsWithDB(t)
 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -555,12 +557,12 @@ func TestAncestor_CanUseForkchoice(t *testing.T) {
 		beaconBlock.Block.ParentRoot = bytesutil.PadTo(b.Block.ParentRoot, 32)
 		r, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		st, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(context.Background(), b.Block.Slot, r, bytesutil.ToBytes32(b.Block.ParentRoot), params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
+		st, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(t.Context(), b.Block.Slot, r, bytesutil.ToBytes32(b.Block.ParentRoot), params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, st, blkRoot))
 	}

-	r, err := service.Ancestor(context.Background(), r200[:], 150)
+	r, err := service.Ancestor(t.Context(), r200[:], 150)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	if bytesutil.ToBytes32(r) != r100 {
 		t.Error("Did not get correct root")
@@ -592,14 +594,14 @@ func TestAncestor_CanUseDB(t *testing.T) {
 		beaconBlock := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 		beaconBlock.Block.Slot = b.Block.Slot
 		beaconBlock.Block.ParentRoot = bytesutil.PadTo(b.Block.ParentRoot, 32)
-		util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), beaconDB, beaconBlock)
+		util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), beaconDB, beaconBlock)
 	}

-	st, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(context.Background(), 200, r200, r200, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
+	st, blkRoot, err := prepareForkchoiceState(t.Context(), 200, r200, r200, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, ojc, ofc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.InsertNode(ctx, st, blkRoot))

-	r, err := service.Ancestor(context.Background(), r200[:], 150)
+	r, err := service.Ancestor(t.Context(), r200[:], 150)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	if bytesutil.ToBytes32(r) != r100 {
 		t.Error("Did not get correct root")
@@ -607,7 +609,7 @@ func TestAncestor_CanUseDB(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestEnsureRootNotZeroHashes(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	opts := testServiceOptsNoDB()
 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -621,7 +623,7 @@ func TestEnsureRootNotZeroHashes(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestHandleEpochBoundary_UpdateFirstSlot(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	opts := testServiceOptsNoDB()
 	service, err := NewService(ctx, opts...)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -641,6 +643,7 @@ func TestOnBlock_CanFinalize_WithOnTick(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, fcs.UpdateFinalizedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{Root: service.originBlockRoot}))

 	testState := gs.Copy()
+	// TODO(Preston): This test is really slow, is it because genesis is epoch 0?
 	for i := primitives.Slot(1); i <= 4*params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch; i++ {
 		blk, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(testState, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), i)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -920,7 +923,7 @@ func TestRemoveBlockAttestationsInPool(t *testing.T) {
 	r, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	service := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveStateSummary(ctx, &ethpb.StateSummary{Root: r[:]}))
@@ -933,7 +936,7 @@ func TestRemoveBlockAttestationsInPool(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.AttPool.SaveAggregatedAttestations(atts))
 	wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	service.pruneAttsFromPool(context.Background(), nil /* state not needed pre-Electra */, wsb)
+	service.pruneAttsFromPool(t.Context(), nil /* state not needed pre-Electra */, wsb)
 	require.LogsDoNotContain(t, logHook, "Could not prune attestations")
 	require.Equal(t, 0, service.cfg.AttPool.AggregatedAttestationCount())
 }
@@ -1357,7 +1360,7 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_FCU(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveHeadBlockRoot(ctx, parentRoot), "Could not save genesis state")

 	for i := 1; i < 6; i++ {
-		driftGenesisTime(service, int64(i), 0)
+		driftGenesisTime(service, primitives.Slot(i), 0)
 		st, err := service.HeadState(ctx)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		b, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), primitives.Slot(i))
@@ -1378,7 +1381,7 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_FCU(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for i := 6; i < 12; i++ {
-		driftGenesisTime(service, int64(i), 0)
+		driftGenesisTime(service, primitives.Slot(i), 0)
 		st, err := service.HeadState(ctx)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		b, err := util.GenerateFullBlockAltair(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), primitives.Slot(i))
@@ -1399,7 +1402,7 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_FCU(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for i := 12; i < 18; i++ {
-		driftGenesisTime(service, int64(i), 0)
+		driftGenesisTime(service, primitives.Slot(i), 0)
 		st, err := service.HeadState(ctx)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		b, err := util.GenerateFullBlockBellatrix(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), primitives.Slot(i))
@@ -1548,7 +1551,7 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_NewPayload(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveHeadBlockRoot(ctx, parentRoot), "Could not save genesis state")

 	for i := 1; i < 6; i++ {
-		driftGenesisTime(service, int64(i), 0)
+		driftGenesisTime(service, primitives.Slot(i), 0)
 		st, err := service.HeadState(ctx)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		b, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), primitives.Slot(i))
@@ -1568,7 +1571,7 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_NewPayload(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for i := 6; i < 12; i++ {
-		driftGenesisTime(service, int64(i), 0)
+		driftGenesisTime(service, primitives.Slot(i), 0)
 		st, err := service.HeadState(ctx)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		b, err := util.GenerateFullBlockAltair(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), primitives.Slot(i))
@@ -1589,7 +1592,7 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_NewPayload(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for i := 12; i < 18; i++ {
-		driftGenesisTime(service, int64(i), 0)
+		driftGenesisTime(service, primitives.Slot(i), 0)
 		st, err := service.HeadState(ctx)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		b, err := util.GenerateFullBlockBellatrix(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), primitives.Slot(i))
@@ -1740,7 +1743,7 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_Liveness(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveHeadBlockRoot(ctx, parentRoot), "Could not save genesis state")

 	for i := 1; i < 6; i++ {
-		driftGenesisTime(service, int64(i), 0)
+		driftGenesisTime(service, primitives.Slot(i), 0)
 		st, err := service.HeadState(ctx)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		b, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), primitives.Slot(i))
@@ -1761,7 +1764,7 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_Liveness(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for i := 6; i < 12; i++ {
-		driftGenesisTime(service, int64(i), 0)
+		driftGenesisTime(service, primitives.Slot(i), 0)
 		st, err := service.HeadState(ctx)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		b, err := util.GenerateFullBlockAltair(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), primitives.Slot(i))
@@ -1812,7 +1815,7 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_Liveness(t *testing.T) {
 	// import blocks 13 through 18 to justify 12
 	invalidRoots := make([][32]byte, 19-13)
 	for i := 13; i < 19; i++ {
-		driftGenesisTime(service, int64(i), 0)
+		driftGenesisTime(service, primitives.Slot(i), 0)
 		st, err := service.HeadState(ctx)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		b, err := util.GenerateFullBlockBellatrix(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), primitives.Slot(i))
@@ -1907,7 +1910,7 @@ func TestStore_NoViableHead_Liveness(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	// Import blocks 21--30 (Epoch 3 was not enough to justify 2)
 	for i := 21; i < 30; i++ {
-		driftGenesisTime(service, int64(i), 0)
+		driftGenesisTime(service, primitives.Slot(i), 0)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		b, err := util.GenerateFullBlockBellatrix(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), primitives.Slot(i))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1993,7 +1996,8 @@ func TestNoViableHead_Reboot(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, service.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, genesisRoot), "Could not save genesis state")

 	for i := 1; i < 6; i++ {
-		driftGenesisTime(service, int64(i), 0)
+		t.Log(i)
+		driftGenesisTime(service, primitives.Slot(i), 0)
 		st, err := service.HeadState(ctx)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		b, err := util.GenerateFullBlock(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), primitives.Slot(i))
@@ -2013,7 +2017,7 @@ func TestNoViableHead_Reboot(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for i := 6; i < 12; i++ {
-		driftGenesisTime(service, int64(i), 0)
+		driftGenesisTime(service, primitives.Slot(i), 0)
 		st, err := service.HeadState(ctx)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		b, err := util.GenerateFullBlockAltair(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), primitives.Slot(i))
@@ -2062,7 +2066,7 @@ func TestNoViableHead_Reboot(t *testing.T) {

 	// import blocks 13 through 18 to justify 12
 	for i := 13; i < 19; i++ {
-		driftGenesisTime(service, int64(i), 0)
+		driftGenesisTime(service, primitives.Slot(i), 0)
 		st, err := service.HeadState(ctx)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		b, err := util.GenerateFullBlockBellatrix(st, keys, util.DefaultBlockGenConfig(), primitives.Slot(i))
@@ -2305,10 +2309,12 @@ func TestOnBlock_HandleBlockAttestations(t *testing.T) {
 func TestFillMissingBlockPayloadId_DiffSlotExitEarly(t *testing.T) {
 	logHook := logTest.NewGlobal()
 	service, tr := minimalTestService(t)
+	service.SetGenesisTime(time.Now())
 	service.lateBlockTasks(tr.ctx)
 	require.LogsDoNotContain(t, logHook, "could not perform late block tasks")
 }

+// TODO(Preston): This test does nothing at all. It simply returns when the current slot == head slot.
 func TestFillMissingBlockPayloadId_PrepareAllPayloads(t *testing.T) {
 	logHook := logTest.NewGlobal()
 	resetCfg := features.InitWithReset(&features.Flags{
@@ -2317,26 +2323,29 @@ func TestFillMissingBlockPayloadId_PrepareAllPayloads(t *testing.T) {
 	defer resetCfg()

 	service, tr := minimalTestService(t)
+	service.SetGenesisTime(time.Now())
+	service.SetForkChoiceGenesisTime(time.Now())
 	service.lateBlockTasks(tr.ctx)
 	require.LogsDoNotContain(t, logHook, "could not perform late block tasks")
 }

 // Helper function to simulate the block being on time or delayed for proposer
 // boost. It alters the genesisTime tracked by the store.
-func driftGenesisTime(s *Service, slot, delay int64) {
-	offset := slot*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot) + delay
-	newTime := time.Unix(time.Now().Unix()-offset, 0)
-	s.SetGenesisTime(newTime)
-	s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.SetGenesisTime(uint64(newTime.Unix()))
+func driftGenesisTime(s *Service, slot primitives.Slot, delay time.Duration) {
+	now := time.Now()
+	offset := now.Sub(slots.BeginsAt(slot, now)).Abs() + delay
+	genesis := now.Add(-offset)
+	s.SetGenesisTime(genesis)
+	s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.SetGenesisTime(genesis)
 }

-func TestMissingIndices(t *testing.T) {
+func TestMissingBlobIndices(t *testing.T) {
 	cases := []struct {
 		name     string
 		expected [][]byte
 		present  []uint64
 		result   map[uint64]struct{}
-		root     [32]byte
+		root     [fieldparams.RootLength]byte
 		err      error
 	}{
 		{
@@ -2394,7 +2403,7 @@ func TestMissingIndices(t *testing.T) {
 		bm, bs := filesystem.NewEphemeralBlobStorageWithMocker(t)
 		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, bm.CreateFakeIndices(c.root, 0, c.present...))
-			missing, err := missingIndices(bs, c.root, c.expected, 0)
+			missing, err := missingBlobIndices(bs, c.root, c.expected, 0)
 			if c.err != nil {
 				require.ErrorIs(t, err, c.err)
 				return
@@ -2402,9 +2411,70 @@ func TestMissingIndices(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			require.Equal(t, len(c.result), len(missing))
 			for key := range c.result {
-				m, ok := missing[key]
-				require.Equal(t, true, ok)
-				require.Equal(t, c.result[key], m)
+				require.Equal(t, true, missing[key])
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMissingDataColumnIndices(t *testing.T) {
+	countPlusOne := params.BeaconConfig().NumberOfColumns + 1
+	tooManyColumns := make(map[uint64]bool, countPlusOne)
+	for i := range countPlusOne {
+		tooManyColumns[uint64(i)] = true
+	}
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name          string
+		storedIndices []uint64
+		input         map[uint64]bool
+		expected      map[uint64]bool
+		err           error
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "zero len expected",
+			input: map[uint64]bool{},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "expected exceeds max",
+			input: tooManyColumns,
+			err:   errMaxDataColumnsExceeded,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "all missing",
+			storedIndices: []uint64{},
+			input:         map[uint64]bool{0: true, 1: true, 2: true},
+			expected:      map[uint64]bool{0: true, 1: true, 2: true},
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "none missing",
+			input:         map[uint64]bool{0: true, 1: true, 2: true},
+			expected:      map[uint64]bool{},
+			storedIndices: []uint64{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}, // Extra columns stored but not expected
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "some missing",
+			storedIndices: []uint64{0, 20},
+			input:         map[uint64]bool{0: true, 10: true, 20: true, 30: true},
+			expected:      map[uint64]bool{10: true, 30: true},
+		},
+	}
+
+	var emptyRoot [fieldparams.RootLength]byte
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			dcm, dcs := filesystem.NewEphemeralDataColumnStorageWithMocker(t)
+			err := dcm.CreateFakeIndices(emptyRoot, 0, tc.storedIndices...)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Test the function
+			actual, err := missingDataColumnIndices(dcs, emptyRoot, tc.input)
+			require.ErrorIs(t, err, tc.err)
+
+			require.Equal(t, len(tc.expected), len(actual))
+			for key := range tc.expected {
+				require.Equal(t, true, actual[key])
 			}
 		})
 	}
@@ -2604,7 +2674,7 @@ func TestRollbackBlock_ContextDeadline(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, true, hasState)

 	// Set deadlined context when processing the block
-	cancCtx, canc := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancCtx, canc := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
 	canc()
 	roblock, err = consensusblocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(wsb, root)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -2643,7 +2713,7 @@ func fakeResult(missing []uint64) map[uint64]struct{} {
 	return r
 }

-func TestSaveLightClientUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+func TestProcessLightClientUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	featCfg := &features.Flags{}
 	featCfg.EnableLightClient = true
 	reset := features.InitWithReset(featCfg)
@@ -2684,7 +2754,7 @@ func TestSaveLightClientUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 				isValidPayload: true,
 			}

-			s.saveLightClientUpdate(cfg)
+			require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientUpdate(cfg))

 			// Check that the light client update is saved
 			period := slots.SyncCommitteePeriod(slots.ToEpoch(l.AttestedState.Slot()))
@@ -2739,7 +2809,7 @@ func TestSaveLightClientUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 			err = s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, period, oldUpdate)
 			require.NoError(t, err)

-			s.saveLightClientUpdate(cfg)
+			require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientUpdate(cfg))

 			u, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -2800,7 +2870,7 @@ func TestSaveLightClientUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 			err = s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, period, oldUpdate)
 			require.NoError(t, err)

-			s.saveLightClientUpdate(cfg)
+			require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientUpdate(cfg))

 			u, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -2843,7 +2913,7 @@ func TestSaveLightClientUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 				isValidPayload: true,
 			}

-			s.saveLightClientUpdate(cfg)
+			require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientUpdate(cfg))

 			// Check that the light client update is saved
 			period := slots.SyncCommitteePeriod(slots.ToEpoch(l.AttestedState.Slot()))
@@ -2897,7 +2967,7 @@ func TestSaveLightClientUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 			err = s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, period, oldUpdate)
 			require.NoError(t, err)

-			s.saveLightClientUpdate(cfg)
+			require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientUpdate(cfg))

 			u, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -2958,7 +3028,7 @@ func TestSaveLightClientUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 			err = s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, period, oldUpdate)
 			require.NoError(t, err)

-			s.saveLightClientUpdate(cfg)
+			require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientUpdate(cfg))

 			u, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -3001,7 +3071,7 @@ func TestSaveLightClientUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 				isValidPayload: true,
 			}

-			s.saveLightClientUpdate(cfg)
+			require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientUpdate(cfg))

 			// Check that the light client update is saved
 			period := slots.SyncCommitteePeriod(slots.ToEpoch(l.AttestedState.Slot()))
@@ -3055,7 +3125,7 @@ func TestSaveLightClientUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 			err = s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, period, oldUpdate)
 			require.NoError(t, err)

-			s.saveLightClientUpdate(cfg)
+			require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientUpdate(cfg))

 			u, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -3116,7 +3186,7 @@ func TestSaveLightClientUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 			err = s.cfg.BeaconDB.SaveLightClientUpdate(ctx, period, oldUpdate)
 			require.NoError(t, err)

-			s.saveLightClientUpdate(cfg)
+			require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientUpdate(cfg))

 			u, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.LightClientUpdate(ctx, period)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -3129,7 +3199,7 @@ func TestSaveLightClientUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	reset()
 }

-func TestSaveLightClientBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
+func TestProcessLightClientBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
 	featCfg := &features.Flags{}
 	featCfg.EnableLightClient = true
 	reset := features.InitWithReset(featCfg)
@@ -3159,7 +3229,7 @@ func TestSaveLightClientBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
 			isValidPayload: true,
 		}

-		s.saveLightClientBootstrap(cfg)
+		require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientBootstrap(cfg))

 		// Check that the light client bootstrap is saved
 		b, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.LightClientBootstrap(ctx, currentBlockRoot[:])
@@ -3194,7 +3264,7 @@ func TestSaveLightClientBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
 			isValidPayload: true,
 		}

-		s.saveLightClientBootstrap(cfg)
+		require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientBootstrap(cfg))

 		// Check that the light client bootstrap is saved
 		b, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.LightClientBootstrap(ctx, currentBlockRoot[:])
@@ -3229,7 +3299,7 @@ func TestSaveLightClientBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
 			isValidPayload: true,
 		}

-		s.saveLightClientBootstrap(cfg)
+		require.NoError(t, s.processLightClientBootstrap(cfg))

 		// Check that the light client bootstrap is saved
 		b, err := s.cfg.BeaconDB.LightClientBootstrap(ctx, currentBlockRoot[:])
@@ -3245,6 +3315,193 @@ func TestSaveLightClientBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
 	reset()
 }

+type testIsAvailableParams struct {
+	options                 []Option
+	blobKzgCommitmentsCount uint64
+	columnsToSave           []uint64
+}
+
+func testIsAvailableSetup(t *testing.T, params testIsAvailableParams) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc, *Service, [fieldparams.RootLength]byte, interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+	dataColumnStorage := filesystem.NewEphemeralDataColumnStorage(t)
+
+	options := append(params.options, WithDataColumnStorage(dataColumnStorage))
+	service, _ := minimalTestService(t, options...)
+
+	genesisState, secretKeys := util.DeterministicGenesisStateElectra(t, 32 /*validator count*/)
+
+	err := service.saveGenesisData(ctx, genesisState)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	conf := util.DefaultBlockGenConfig()
+	conf.NumBlobKzgCommitments = params.blobKzgCommitmentsCount
+
+	signedBeaconBlock, err := util.GenerateFullBlockFulu(genesisState, secretKeys, conf, 10 /*block slot*/)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	root, err := signedBeaconBlock.Block.HashTreeRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	dataColumnsParams := make([]util.DataColumnParams, 0, len(params.columnsToSave))
+	for _, i := range params.columnsToSave {
+		dataColumnParam := util.DataColumnParams{ColumnIndex: i}
+		dataColumnsParams = append(dataColumnsParams, dataColumnParam)
+	}
+
+	dataColumnParamsByBlockRoot := util.DataColumnsParamsByRoot{root: dataColumnsParams}
+	_, verifiedRODataColumns := util.CreateTestVerifiedRoDataColumnSidecars(t, dataColumnParamsByBlockRoot)
+
+	err = dataColumnStorage.Save(verifiedRODataColumns)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	signed, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(signedBeaconBlock)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return ctx, cancel, service, root, signed
+}
+
+func TestIsDataAvailable(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Fulu - out of retention window", func(t *testing.T) {
+		params := testIsAvailableParams{options: []Option{WithGenesisTime(time.Unix(0, 0))}}
+		ctx, _, service, root, signed := testIsAvailableSetup(t, params)
+
+		err := service.isDataAvailable(ctx, root, signed)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Fulu - no commitment in blocks", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ctx, _, service, root, signed := testIsAvailableSetup(t, testIsAvailableParams{})
+
+		err := service.isDataAvailable(ctx, root, signed)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Fulu - more than half of the columns in custody", func(t *testing.T) {
+		minimumColumnsCountToReconstruct := peerdas.MinimumColumnsCountToReconstruct()
+		indices := make([]uint64, 0, minimumColumnsCountToReconstruct)
+		for i := range minimumColumnsCountToReconstruct {
+			indices = append(indices, i)
+		}
+
+		params := testIsAvailableParams{
+			options:                 []Option{WithCustodyInfo(&peerdas.CustodyInfo{})},
+			columnsToSave:           indices,
+			blobKzgCommitmentsCount: 3,
+		}
+
+		ctx, _, service, root, signed := testIsAvailableSetup(t, params)
+
+		err := service.isDataAvailable(ctx, root, signed)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Fulu - no missing data columns", func(t *testing.T) {
+		params := testIsAvailableParams{
+			options:                 []Option{WithCustodyInfo(&peerdas.CustodyInfo{})},
+			columnsToSave:           []uint64{1, 17, 19, 42, 75, 87, 102, 117, 119}, // 119 is not needed
+			blobKzgCommitmentsCount: 3,
+		}
+
+		ctx, _, service, root, signed := testIsAvailableSetup(t, params)
+
+		err := service.isDataAvailable(ctx, root, signed)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Fulu - some initially missing data columns (no reconstruction)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		testParams := testIsAvailableParams{
+			options:       []Option{WithCustodyInfo(&peerdas.CustodyInfo{})},
+			columnsToSave: []uint64{1, 17, 19, 75, 102, 117, 119}, // 119 is not needed, 42 and 87 are missing
+
+			blobKzgCommitmentsCount: 3,
+		}
+
+		ctx, _, service, root, signed := testIsAvailableSetup(t, testParams)
+
+		var wrongRoot [fieldparams.RootLength]byte
+		copy(wrongRoot[:], root[:])
+		wrongRoot[0]++ // change the root to simulate a wrong root
+
+		_, verifiedSidecarsWrongRoot := util.CreateTestVerifiedRoDataColumnSidecars(t, util.DataColumnsParamsByRoot{wrongRoot: {
+			{ColumnIndex: 42}, // needed
+		}})
+
+		_, verifiedSidecars := util.CreateTestVerifiedRoDataColumnSidecars(t, util.DataColumnsParamsByRoot{root: {
+			{ColumnIndex: 87}, // needed
+			{ColumnIndex: 1},  // not needed
+			{ColumnIndex: 42}, // needed
+		}})
+
+		time.AfterFunc(10*time.Millisecond, func() {
+			err := service.dataColumnStorage.Save(verifiedSidecarsWrongRoot)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			err = service.dataColumnStorage.Save(verifiedSidecars)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+
+		err := service.isDataAvailable(ctx, root, signed)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Fulu - some initially missing data columns (reconstruction)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		const (
+			missingColumns = uint64(2)
+			cgc            = 128
+		)
+		var custodyInfo peerdas.CustodyInfo
+		custodyInfo.TargetGroupCount.SetValidatorsCustodyRequirement(cgc)
+		custodyInfo.ToAdvertiseGroupCount.Set(cgc)
+
+		minimumColumnsCountToReconstruct := peerdas.MinimumColumnsCountToReconstruct()
+		indices := make([]uint64, 0, minimumColumnsCountToReconstruct-missingColumns)
+
+		for i := range minimumColumnsCountToReconstruct - missingColumns {
+			indices = append(indices, i)
+		}
+
+		testParams := testIsAvailableParams{
+			options:                 []Option{WithCustodyInfo(&custodyInfo)},
+			columnsToSave:           indices,
+			blobKzgCommitmentsCount: 3,
+		}
+
+		ctx, _, service, root, signed := testIsAvailableSetup(t, testParams)
+
+		dataColumnParams := make([]util.DataColumnParams, 0, missingColumns)
+		for i := minimumColumnsCountToReconstruct - missingColumns; i < minimumColumnsCountToReconstruct; i++ {
+			dataColumnParam := util.DataColumnParams{ColumnIndex: i}
+			dataColumnParams = append(dataColumnParams, dataColumnParam)
+		}
+
+		_, verifiedSidecars := util.CreateTestVerifiedRoDataColumnSidecars(t, util.DataColumnsParamsByRoot{root: dataColumnParams})
+
+		time.AfterFunc(10*time.Millisecond, func() {
+			err := service.dataColumnStorage.Save(verifiedSidecars)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+
+		err := service.isDataAvailable(ctx, root, signed)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Fulu - some columns are definitively missing", func(t *testing.T) {
+		params := testIsAvailableParams{
+			options:                 []Option{WithCustodyInfo(&peerdas.CustodyInfo{})},
+			blobKzgCommitmentsCount: 3,
+		}
+
+		ctx, cancel, service, root, signed := testIsAvailableSetup(t, params)
+
+		time.AfterFunc(10*time.Millisecond, func() {
+			cancel()
+		})
+
+		err := service.isDataAvailable(ctx, root, signed)
+		require.NotNil(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
 func setupLightClientTestRequirements(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, s *Service, v int, options ...util.LightClientOption) (*util.TestLightClient, *postBlockProcessConfig) {
 	var l *util.TestLightClient
 	switch v {
@@ -3309,6 +3566,7 @@ func TestProcessLightClientOptimisticUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(beaconCfg)

 	s, tr := minimalTestService(t)
+	s.cfg.P2P = &mockp2p.FakeP2P{}
 	ctx := tr.ctx

 	testCases := []struct {
@@ -3444,6 +3702,7 @@ func TestProcessLightClientFinalityUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	params.OverrideBeaconConfig(beaconCfg)

 	s, tr := minimalTestService(t)
+	s.cfg.P2P = &mockp2p.FakeP2P{}
 	ctx := tr.ctx

 	testCases := []struct {
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_attestation.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_attestation.go
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func (s *Service) AttestationTargetState(ctx context.Context, target *ethpb.Chec
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if err := slots.ValidateClock(ss, uint64(s.genesisTime.Unix())); err != nil {
+	if err := slots.ValidateClock(ss, s.genesisTime); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	// We acquire the lock here instead than on gettAttPreState because that function gets called from UpdateHead that holds a write lock
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ func (s *Service) processAttestations(ctx context.Context, disparity time.Durati
 		// This delays consideration in the fork choice until their slot is in the past.
 		// https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/specs/phase0/fork-choice.md#validate_on_attestation
 		nextSlot := a.GetData().Slot + 1
-		if err := slots.VerifyTime(uint64(s.genesisTime.Unix()), nextSlot, disparity); err != nil {
+		if err := slots.VerifyTime(s.genesisTime, nextSlot, disparity); err != nil {
 			continue
 		}

--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_attestation_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_attestation_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blockchain

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ func TestAttestationCheckPtState_FarFutureSlot(t *testing.T) {
 	service.genesisTime = time.Now()

 	e := primitives.Epoch(slots.MaxSlotBuffer/uint64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch) + 1)
-	_, err := service.AttestationTargetState(context.Background(), &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: e})
+	_, err := service.AttestationTargetState(t.Context(), &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: e})
 	require.ErrorContains(t, "exceeds max allowed value relative to the local clock", err)
 }

@@ -56,11 +55,11 @@ func TestVerifyLMDFFGConsistent(t *testing.T) {
 	a.Data.Target.Root = []byte{'c'}
 	r33Root := r33.Root()
 	a.Data.BeaconBlockRoot = r33Root[:]
-	require.ErrorContains(t, wanted, service.VerifyLmdFfgConsistency(context.Background(), a))
+	require.ErrorContains(t, wanted, service.VerifyLmdFfgConsistency(t.Context(), a))

 	r32Root := r32.Root()
 	a.Data.Target.Root = r32Root[:]
-	err = service.VerifyLmdFfgConsistency(context.Background(), a)
+	err = service.VerifyLmdFfgConsistency(t.Context(), a)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Could not verify LMD and FFG votes to be consistent")
 }

@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ func TestProcessAttestations_Ok(t *testing.T) {

 	service.genesisTime = prysmTime.Now().Add(-1 * time.Duration(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot) * time.Second)
 	genesisState, pks := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 64)
-	require.NoError(t, genesisState.SetGenesisTime(uint64(prysmTime.Now().Unix())-params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot))
+	require.NoError(t, genesisState.SetGenesisTime(time.Now().Add(-1*time.Duration(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)*time.Second)))
 	require.NoError(t, service.saveGenesisData(ctx, genesisState))
 	atts, err := util.GenerateAttestations(genesisState, pks, 1, 0, false)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_block.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_block.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/slasher/types"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/state"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/features"
+	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/interfaces"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
@@ -52,6 +53,13 @@ type BlobReceiver interface {
 	ReceiveBlob(context.Context, blocks.VerifiedROBlob) error
 }

+// DataColumnReceiver interface defines the methods of chain service for receiving new
+// data columns
+type DataColumnReceiver interface {
+	ReceiveDataColumn(blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) error
+	ReceiveDataColumns([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) error
+}
+
 // SlashingReceiver interface defines the methods of chain service for receiving validated slashing over the wire.
 type SlashingReceiver interface {
 	ReceiveAttesterSlashing(ctx context.Context, slashing ethpb.AttSlashing)
@@ -74,6 +82,7 @@ func (s *Service) ReceiveBlock(ctx context.Context, block interfaces.ReadOnlySig
 		log.WithField("blockRoot", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", blockRoot)).Debug("Ignoring already synced block")
 		return nil
 	}
+
 	receivedTime := time.Now()
 	s.blockBeingSynced.set(blockRoot)
 	defer s.blockBeingSynced.unset(blockRoot)
@@ -82,6 +91,7 @@ func (s *Service) ReceiveBlock(ctx context.Context, block interfaces.ReadOnlySig
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	preState, err := s.getBlockPreState(ctx, blockCopy.Block())
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get block's prestate")
@@ -97,10 +107,12 @@ func (s *Service) ReceiveBlock(ctx context.Context, block interfaces.ReadOnlySig
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	daWaitedTime, err := s.handleDA(ctx, blockCopy, blockRoot, avs)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	// Defragment the state before continuing block processing.
 	s.defragmentState(postState)

@@ -227,26 +239,34 @@ func (s *Service) validateExecutionAndConsensus(
 func (s *Service) handleDA(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	block interfaces.SignedBeaconBlock,
-	blockRoot [32]byte,
+	blockRoot [fieldparams.RootLength]byte,
 	avs das.AvailabilityStore,
-) (time.Duration, error) {
-	daStartTime := time.Now()
-	if avs != nil {
-		rob, err := blocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(block, blockRoot)
-		if err != nil {
-			return 0, err
+) (elapsed time.Duration, err error) {
+	defer func(start time.Time) {
+		elapsed = time.Since(start)
+
+		if err == nil {
+			dataAvailWaitedTime.Observe(float64(elapsed.Milliseconds()))
 		}
-		if err := avs.IsDataAvailable(ctx, s.CurrentSlot(), rob); err != nil {
-			return 0, errors.Wrap(err, "could not validate blob data availability (AvailabilityStore.IsDataAvailable)")
-		}
-	} else {
-		if err := s.isDataAvailable(ctx, blockRoot, block); err != nil {
-			return 0, errors.Wrap(err, "could not validate blob data availability")
+	}(time.Now())
+
+	if avs == nil {
+		if err = s.isDataAvailable(ctx, blockRoot, block); err != nil {
+			return
 		}
+
+		return
 	}
-	daWaitedTime := time.Since(daStartTime)
-	dataAvailWaitedTime.Observe(float64(daWaitedTime.Milliseconds()))
-	return daWaitedTime, nil
+
+	var rob blocks.ROBlock
+	rob, err = blocks.NewROBlockWithRoot(block, blockRoot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	err = avs.IsDataAvailable(ctx, s.CurrentSlot(), rob)
+
+	return
 }

 func (s *Service) reportPostBlockProcessing(
@@ -263,7 +283,7 @@ func (s *Service) reportPostBlockProcessing(
 	// Log block sync status.
 	cp = s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.JustifiedCheckpoint()
 	justified := &ethpb.Checkpoint{Epoch: cp.Epoch, Root: bytesutil.SafeCopyBytes(cp.Root[:])}
-	if err := logBlockSyncStatus(block.Block(), blockRoot, justified, finalized, receivedTime, uint64(s.genesisTime.Unix()), daWaitedTime); err != nil {
+	if err := logBlockSyncStatus(block.Block(), blockRoot, justified, finalized, receivedTime, s.genesisTime, daWaitedTime); err != nil {
 		log.WithError(err).Error("Unable to log block sync status")
 	}
 	// Log payload data
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_block_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_block_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blockchain

 import (
-	"context"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -9,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	blockchainTesting "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/blockchain/testing"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/cache"
 	statefeed "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/das"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/voluntaryexits"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/features"
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import (
 )

 func TestService_ReceiveBlock(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()

 	genesis, keys := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 64)
 	copiedGen := genesis.Copy()
@@ -180,6 +180,19 @@ func TestService_ReceiveBlock(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	wg.Wait()
 }
+func TestHandleDA(t *testing.T) {
+	signedBeaconBlock, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(&ethpb.SignedBeaconBlock{
+		Block: &ethpb.BeaconBlock{
+			Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	s, _ := minimalTestService(t)
+	elapsed, err := s.handleDA(t.Context(), signedBeaconBlock, [fieldparams.RootLength]byte{}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, true, elapsed > 0, "Elapsed time should be greater than 0")
+}

 func TestService_ReceiveBlockUpdateHead(t *testing.T) {
 	s, tr := minimalTestService(t,
@@ -215,7 +228,7 @@ func TestService_ReceiveBlockUpdateHead(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestService_ReceiveBlockBatch(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()

 	genesis, keys := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 64)
 	genFullBlock := func(t *testing.T, conf *util.BlockGenConfig, slot primitives.Slot) *ethpb.SignedBeaconBlock {
@@ -280,23 +293,23 @@ func TestService_ReceiveBlockBatch(t *testing.T) {
 func TestService_HasBlock(t *testing.T) {
 	s, _ := minimalTestService(t)
 	r := [32]byte{'a'}
-	if s.HasBlock(context.Background(), r) {
+	if s.HasBlock(t.Context(), r) {
 		t.Error("Should not have block")
 	}
 	wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(util.NewBeaconBlock())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, s.saveInitSyncBlock(context.Background(), r, wsb))
-	if !s.HasBlock(context.Background(), r) {
+	require.NoError(t, s.saveInitSyncBlock(t.Context(), r, wsb))
+	if !s.HasBlock(t.Context(), r) {
 		t.Error("Should have block")
 	}
 	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b.Block.Slot = 1
-	util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), s.cfg.BeaconDB, b)
+	util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), s.cfg.BeaconDB, b)
 	r, err = b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, true, s.HasBlock(context.Background(), r))
+	require.Equal(t, true, s.HasBlock(t.Context(), r))
 	s.blockBeingSynced.set(r)
-	require.Equal(t, false, s.HasBlock(context.Background(), r))
+	require.Equal(t, false, s.HasBlock(t.Context(), r))
 }

 func TestCheckSaveHotStateDB_Enabling(t *testing.T) {
@@ -305,7 +318,7 @@ func TestCheckSaveHotStateDB_Enabling(t *testing.T) {
 	st := params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch.Mul(uint64(epochsSinceFinalitySaveHotStateDB))
 	s.genesisTime = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(-1*int64(st)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)) * time.Second)

-	require.NoError(t, s.checkSaveHotStateDB(context.Background()))
+	require.NoError(t, s.checkSaveHotStateDB(t.Context()))
 	assert.LogsContain(t, hook, "Entering mode to save hot states in DB")
 }

@@ -316,19 +329,19 @@ func TestCheckSaveHotStateDB_Disabling(t *testing.T) {

 	st := params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch.Mul(uint64(epochsSinceFinalitySaveHotStateDB))
 	s.genesisTime = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(-1*int64(st)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)) * time.Second)
-	require.NoError(t, s.checkSaveHotStateDB(context.Background()))
+	require.NoError(t, s.checkSaveHotStateDB(t.Context()))
 	s.genesisTime = time.Now()

-	require.NoError(t, s.checkSaveHotStateDB(context.Background()))
+	require.NoError(t, s.checkSaveHotStateDB(t.Context()))
 	assert.LogsContain(t, hook, "Exiting mode to save hot states in DB")
 }

 func TestCheckSaveHotStateDB_Overflow(t *testing.T) {
 	hook := logTest.NewGlobal()
 	s, _ := minimalTestService(t)
-	s.genesisTime = time.Now()
+	s.SetGenesisTime(time.Now())

-	require.NoError(t, s.checkSaveHotStateDB(context.Background()))
+	require.NoError(t, s.checkSaveHotStateDB(t.Context()))
 	assert.LogsDoNotContain(t, hook, "Entering mode to save hot states in DB")
 }

@@ -336,8 +349,9 @@ func TestHandleCaches_EnablingLargeSize(t *testing.T) {
 	hook := logTest.NewGlobal()
 	s, _ := minimalTestService(t)
 	st := params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch.Mul(uint64(epochsSinceFinalitySaveHotStateDB))
-	s.genesisTime = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(-1*int64(st)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)) * time.Second)
+	s.SetGenesisTime(time.Now().Add(time.Duration(-1*int64(st)*int64(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)) * time.Second))

+	helpers.ClearCache()
 	require.NoError(t, s.handleCaches())
 	assert.LogsContain(t, hook, "Expanding committee cache size")
 }
@@ -443,7 +457,7 @@ func Test_executePostFinalizationTasks(t *testing.T) {

 	headState, err := util.NewBeaconStateElectra()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	finalizedStRoot, err := headState.HashTreeRoot(context.Background())
+	finalizedStRoot, err := headState.HashTreeRoot(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	genesis := util.NewBeaconBlock()
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_data_column.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/receive_data_column.go
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package blockchain
+
+import (
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+)
+
+// ReceiveDataColumns receives a batch of data columns.
+func (s *Service) ReceiveDataColumns(dataColumnSidecars []blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) error {
+	if err := s.dataColumnStorage.Save(dataColumnSidecars); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "save data column sidecars")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ReceiveDataColumn receives a single data column.
+// (It is only a wrapper around ReceiveDataColumns.)
+func (s *Service) ReceiveDataColumn(dataColumnSidecar blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) error {
+	if err := s.dataColumnStorage.Save([]blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn{dataColumnSidecar}); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "save data column sidecars")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/service.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/service.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	statefeed "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/feed/state"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
 	lightClient "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/light-client"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/peerdas"
 	coreTime "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/time"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/transition"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db"
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ type Service struct {
 	blobNotifiers        *blobNotifierMap
 	blockBeingSynced     *currentlySyncingBlock
 	blobStorage          *filesystem.BlobStorage
+	dataColumnStorage    *filesystem.DataColumnStorage
 	slasherEnabled       bool
 	lcStore              *lightClient.Store
 }
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ type config struct {
 	ExitPool                voluntaryexits.PoolManager
 	SlashingPool            slashings.PoolManager
 	BLSToExecPool           blstoexec.PoolManager
-	P2p                     p2p.Broadcaster
+	P2P                     p2p.Accessor
 	MaxRoutines             int
 	StateNotifier           statefeed.Notifier
 	ForkChoiceStore         f.ForkChoicer
@@ -93,6 +95,7 @@ type config struct {
 	FinalizedStateAtStartUp state.BeaconState
 	ExecutionEngineCaller   execution.EngineCaller
 	SyncChecker             Checker
+	CustodyInfo             *peerdas.CustodyInfo
 }

 // Checker is an interface used to determine if a node is in initial sync
@@ -262,7 +265,7 @@ func (s *Service) Status() error {
 // StartFromSavedState initializes the blockchain using a previously saved finalized checkpoint.
 func (s *Service) StartFromSavedState(saved state.BeaconState) error {
 	log.Info("Blockchain data already exists in DB, initializing...")
-	s.genesisTime = time.Unix(int64(saved.GenesisTime()), 0) // lint:ignore uintcast -- Genesis time will not exceed int64 in your lifetime.
+	s.genesisTime = saved.GenesisTime()
 	s.cfg.AttService.SetGenesisTime(saved.GenesisTime())

 	originRoot, err := s.originRootFromSavedState(s.ctx)
@@ -418,7 +421,7 @@ func (s *Service) initializeBeaconChain(
 	eth1data *ethpb.Eth1Data) (state.BeaconState, error) {
 	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "beacon-chain.Service.initializeBeaconChain")
 	defer span.End()
-	s.genesisTime = genesisTime
+	s.genesisTime = genesisTime.Truncate(time.Second) // Genesis time has a precision of 1 second.
 	unixTime := uint64(genesisTime.Unix())

 	genesisState, err := transition.OptimizedGenesisBeaconState(unixTime, preGenesisState, eth1data)
@@ -479,7 +482,7 @@ func (s *Service) saveGenesisData(ctx context.Context, genesisState state.Beacon
 	if err := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.SetOptimisticToValid(ctx, genesisBlkRoot); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "Could not set optimistic status of genesis block to false")
 	}
-	s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.SetGenesisTime(uint64(s.genesisTime.Unix()))
+	s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.SetGenesisTime(s.genesisTime)

 	if err := s.setHead(&head{
 		genesisBlkRoot,
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/service_norace_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/service_norace_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blockchain

 import (
-	"context"
 	"io"
 	"testing"

@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ func TestChainService_SaveHead_DataRace(t *testing.T) {
 	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 1)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	go func() {
-		require.NoError(t, s.saveHead(context.Background(), [32]byte{}, b, st))
+		require.NoError(t, s.saveHead(t.Context(), [32]byte{}, b, st))
 	}()
-	require.NoError(t, s.saveHead(context.Background(), [32]byte{}, b, st))
+	require.NoError(t, s.saveHead(t.Context(), [32]byte{}, b, st))
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/service_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/service_test.go
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ import (
 )

 func setupBeaconChain(t *testing.T, beaconDB db.Database) *Service {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	var web3Service *execution.Service
 	var err error
 	srv, endpoint, err := mockExecution.SetupRPCServer()
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ func setupBeaconChain(t *testing.T, beaconDB db.Database) *Service {
 		WithAttestationPool(attestations.NewPool()),
 		WithSlashingPool(slashings.NewPool()),
 		WithExitPool(voluntaryexits.NewPool()),
-		WithP2PBroadcaster(&mockBroadcaster{}),
+		WithP2PBroadcaster(&mockAccessor{}),
 		WithStateNotifier(&mockBeaconNode{}),
 		WithForkChoiceStore(fc),
 		WithAttestationService(attService),
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func setupBeaconChain(t *testing.T, beaconDB db.Database) *Service {

 func TestChainStartStop_Initialized(t *testing.T) {
 	hook := logTest.NewGlobal()
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)

 	chainService := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ func TestChainStartStop_Initialized(t *testing.T) {
 	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, genesisBlk)
 	s, err := util.NewBeaconState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, s.SetGenesisTime(uint64(gt.Unix())))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SetGenesisTime(gt))
 	require.NoError(t, s.SetSlot(1))
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, s, blkRoot))
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveHeadBlockRoot(ctx, blkRoot))
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ func TestChainStartStop_Initialized(t *testing.T) {

 func TestChainStartStop_GenesisZeroHashes(t *testing.T) {
 	hook := logTest.NewGlobal()
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)

 	chainService := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func TestChainStartStop_GenesisZeroHashes(t *testing.T) {
 	wsb := util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, genesisBlk)
 	s, err := util.NewBeaconState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, s.SetGenesisTime(uint64(gt.Unix())))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SetGenesisTime(gt))
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, s, blkRoot))
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveGenesisBlockRoot(ctx, blkRoot))
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveBlock(ctx, wsb))
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ func TestChainStartStop_GenesisZeroHashes(t *testing.T) {
 func TestChainService_InitializeBeaconChain(t *testing.T) {
 	helpers.ClearCache()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()

 	bc := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
 	var err error
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ func TestChainService_InitializeBeaconChain(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestChainService_CorrectGenesisRoots(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)

 	chainService := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ func TestChainService_CorrectGenesisRoots(t *testing.T) {
 	util.SaveBlock(t, ctx, beaconDB, genesisBlk)
 	s, err := util.NewBeaconState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, s.SetGenesisTime(uint64(gt.Unix())))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SetGenesisTime(gt))
 	require.NoError(t, s.SetSlot(0))
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveState(ctx, s, blkRoot))
 	require.NoError(t, beaconDB.SaveHeadBlockRoot(ctx, blkRoot))
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ func TestChainService_InitializeChainInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.DeepSSZEqual(t, headState.ToProtoUnsafe(), s.ToProtoUnsafe(), "Head state incorrect")
 	assert.Equal(t, c.HeadSlot(), headBlock.Block.Slot, "Head slot incorrect")
-	r, err := c.HeadRoot(context.Background())
+	r, err := c.HeadRoot(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	if !bytes.Equal(headRoot[:], r) {
 		t.Error("head slot incorrect")
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ func TestChainService_InitializeChainInfo_SetHeadAtGenesis(t *testing.T) {

 func TestChainService_SaveHeadNoDB(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	fc := doublylinkedtree.New()
 	s := &Service{
 		cfg: &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, StateGen: stategen.New(beaconDB, fc), ForkChoiceStore: fc},
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ func TestChainService_SaveHeadNoDB(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestHasBlock_ForkChoiceAndDB_DoublyLinkedTree(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	s := &Service{
 		cfg: &config{ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New(), BeaconDB: beaconDB},
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ func TestHasBlock_ForkChoiceAndDB_DoublyLinkedTree(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestServiceStop_SaveCachedBlocks(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	s := &Service{
 		cfg:            &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB, StateGen: stategen.New(beaconDB, doublylinkedtree.New())},
@@ -410,13 +410,13 @@ func TestServiceStop_SaveCachedBlocks(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestProcessChainStartTime_ReceivedFeed(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	service := setupBeaconChain(t, beaconDB)
 	mgs := &MockClockSetter{}
 	service.clockSetter = mgs
 	gt := time.Now()
-	service.onExecutionChainStart(context.Background(), gt)
+	service.onExecutionChainStart(t.Context(), gt)
 	gs, err := beaconDB.GenesisState(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotEqual(t, nil, gs)
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ func TestProcessChainStartTime_ReceivedFeed(t *testing.T) {

 func BenchmarkHasBlockDB(b *testing.B) {
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(b)
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := b.Context()
 	s := &Service{
 		cfg: &config{BeaconDB: beaconDB},
 	}
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ func BenchmarkHasBlockDB(b *testing.B) {
 }

 func BenchmarkHasBlockForkChoiceStore_DoublyLinkedTree(b *testing.B) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := b.Context()
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(b)
 	s := &Service{
 		cfg: &config{ForkChoiceStore: doublylinkedtree.New(), BeaconDB: beaconDB},
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/setup_forchoice.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/setup_forchoice.go
@@ -170,6 +170,6 @@ func (s *Service) setupForkchoiceCheckpoints() error {
 		Root: fRoot}); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not update forkchoice's finalized checkpoint")
 	}
-	s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.SetGenesisTime(uint64(s.genesisTime.Unix()))
+	s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.SetGenesisTime(s.genesisTime)
 	return nil
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/setup_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/setup_test.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/async/event"
 	mock "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/blockchain/testing"
@@ -20,8 +21,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/attestations"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/operations/blstoexec"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/p2p"
+	p2pTesting "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/p2p/testing"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/startup"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
+	fieldparams "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/fieldparams"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/config/params"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/interfaces"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/require"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
@@ -46,6 +52,11 @@ type mockBroadcaster struct {
 	broadcastCalled bool
 }

+type mockAccessor struct {
+	mockBroadcaster
+	p2pTesting.MockPeerManager
+}
+
 func (mb *mockBroadcaster) Broadcast(_ context.Context, _ proto.Message) error {
 	mb.broadcastCalled = true
 	return nil
@@ -66,6 +77,21 @@ func (mb *mockBroadcaster) BroadcastBlob(_ context.Context, _ uint64, _ *ethpb.B
 	return nil
 }

+func (mb *mockBroadcaster) BroadcastLightClientOptimisticUpdate(_ context.Context, _ interfaces.LightClientOptimisticUpdate) error {
+	mb.broadcastCalled = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (mb *mockBroadcaster) BroadcastLightClientFinalityUpdate(_ context.Context, _ interfaces.LightClientFinalityUpdate) error {
+	mb.broadcastCalled = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (mb *mockBroadcaster) BroadcastDataColumn(_ [fieldparams.RootLength]byte, _ uint64, _ *ethpb.DataColumnSidecar, _ ...chan<- bool) error {
+	mb.broadcastCalled = true
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (mb *mockBroadcaster) BroadcastBLSChanges(_ context.Context, _ []*ethpb.SignedBLSToExecutionChange) {
 }

@@ -85,9 +111,11 @@ type testServiceRequirements struct {
 }

 func minimalTestService(t *testing.T, opts ...Option) (*Service, *testServiceRequirements) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	genesis := time.Now().Add(-1 * 4 * time.Duration(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch*primitives.Slot(params.BeaconConfig().SecondsPerSlot)) * time.Second) // Genesis was 4 epochs ago.
 	beaconDB := testDB.SetupDB(t)
 	fcs := doublylinkedtree.New()
+	fcs.SetGenesisTime(genesis)
 	sg := stategen.New(beaconDB, fcs)
 	notif := &mockBeaconNode{}
 	fcs.SetBalancesByRooter(sg.ActiveNonSlashedBalancesByRoot)
@@ -121,9 +149,12 @@ func minimalTestService(t *testing.T, opts ...Option) (*Service, *testServiceReq
 		WithDepositCache(dc),
 		WithTrackedValidatorsCache(cache.NewTrackedValidatorsCache()),
 		WithBlobStorage(filesystem.NewEphemeralBlobStorage(t)),
+		WithDataColumnStorage(filesystem.NewEphemeralDataColumnStorage(t)),
 		WithSyncChecker(mock.MockChecker{}),
 		WithExecutionEngineCaller(&mockExecution.EngineClient{}),
+		WithP2PBroadcaster(&mockAccessor{}),
 		WithLightClientStore(&lightclient.Store{}),
+		WithGenesisTime(genesis),
 	}
 	// append the variadic opts so they override the defaults by being processed afterwards
 	opts = append(defOpts, opts...)
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/testing/mock.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/testing/mock.go
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ type ChainService struct {
 	BlockSlot                   primitives.Slot
 	SyncingRoot                 [32]byte
 	Blobs                       []blocks.VerifiedROBlob
+	DataColumns                 []blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn
 	TargetRoot                  [32]byte
 	MockHeadSlot                *primitives.Slot
 }
@@ -640,7 +641,7 @@ func (s *ChainService) GetProposerHead() [32]byte {
 }

 // SetForkChoiceGenesisTime mocks the same method in the chain service
-func (s *ChainService) SetForkChoiceGenesisTime(timestamp uint64) {
+func (s *ChainService) SetForkChoiceGenesisTime(timestamp time.Time) {
 	if s.ForkChoiceStore != nil {
 		s.ForkChoiceStore.SetGenesisTime(timestamp)
 	}
@@ -715,6 +716,17 @@ func (c *ChainService) ReceiveBlob(_ context.Context, b blocks.VerifiedROBlob) e
 	return nil
 }

+// ReceiveDataColumn implements the same method in chain service
+func (c *ChainService) ReceiveDataColumn(dc blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) error {
+	c.DataColumns = append(c.DataColumns, dc)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ReceiveDataColumns implements the same method in chain service
+func (*ChainService) ReceiveDataColumns(_ []blocks.VerifiedRODataColumn) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 // TargetRootForEpoch mocks the same method in the chain service
 func (c *ChainService) TargetRootForEpoch(_ [32]byte, _ primitives.Epoch) ([32]byte, error) {
 	return c.TargetRoot, nil
--- a/beacon-chain/blockchain/weak_subjectivity_checks_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/blockchain/weak_subjectivity_checks_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blockchain

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"

 	testDB "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/db/testing"
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ func TestService_VerifyWeakSubjectivityRoot(t *testing.T) {

 	b := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	b.Block.Slot = 1792480
-	util.SaveBlock(t, context.Background(), beaconDB, b)
+	util.SaveBlock(t, t.Context(), beaconDB, b)
 	r, err := b.Block.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ func TestService_VerifyWeakSubjectivityRoot(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			require.NoError(t, fcs.UpdateFinalizedCheckpoint(&forkchoicetypes.Checkpoint{Epoch: tt.finalizedEpoch}))
 			cp := s.cfg.ForkChoiceStore.FinalizedCheckpoint()
-			err = s.wsVerifier.VerifyWeakSubjectivity(context.Background(), cp.Epoch)
+			err = s.wsVerifier.VerifyWeakSubjectivity(t.Context(), cp.Epoch)
 			if tt.wantErr == nil {
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			} else {
--- a/beacon-chain/builder/service_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/builder/service_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package builder

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

@@ -15,19 +14,19 @@ import (
 )

 func Test_NewServiceWithBuilder(t *testing.T) {
-	s, err := NewService(context.Background(), WithBuilderClient(&buildertesting.MockClient{}))
+	s, err := NewService(t.Context(), WithBuilderClient(&buildertesting.MockClient{}))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, true, s.Configured())
 }

 func Test_NewServiceWithoutBuilder(t *testing.T) {
-	s, err := NewService(context.Background())
+	s, err := NewService(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, false, s.Configured())
 }

 func Test_RegisterValidator(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	db := dbtesting.SetupDB(t)
 	headFetcher := &blockchainTesting.ChainService{}
 	builder := buildertesting.NewClient()
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ func Test_RegisterValidator(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func Test_RegisterValidator_WithCache(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	headFetcher := &blockchainTesting.ChainService{}
 	builder := buildertesting.NewClient()
 	s, err := NewService(ctx, WithRegistrationCache(), WithHeadFetcher(headFetcher), WithBuilderClient(&builder))
@@ -55,16 +54,16 @@ func Test_RegisterValidator_WithCache(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func Test_BuilderMethodsWithouClient(t *testing.T) {
-	s, err := NewService(context.Background())
+	s, err := NewService(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, false, s.Configured())

-	_, err = s.GetHeader(context.Background(), 0, [32]byte{}, [48]byte{})
+	_, err = s.GetHeader(t.Context(), 0, [32]byte{}, [48]byte{})
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, ErrNoBuilder.Error(), err)

-	_, _, err = s.SubmitBlindedBlock(context.Background(), nil)
+	_, _, err = s.SubmitBlindedBlock(t.Context(), nil)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, ErrNoBuilder.Error(), err)

-	err = s.RegisterValidator(context.Background(), nil)
+	err = s.RegisterValidator(t.Context(), nil)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, ErrNoBuilder.Error(), err)
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/cache/committee.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/cache/committee.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/container/slice"
 	mathutil "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/math"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/monitoring/tracing/trace"
 	lru "github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promauto"
@@ -104,11 +105,16 @@ func (c *CommitteeCache) CompressCommitteeCache() {
 // Committee fetches the shuffled indices by slot and committee index. Every list of indices
 // represent one committee. Returns true if the list exists with slot and committee index. Otherwise returns false, nil.
 func (c *CommitteeCache) Committee(ctx context.Context, slot primitives.Slot, seed [32]byte, index primitives.CommitteeIndex) ([]primitives.ValidatorIndex, error) {
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "committeeCache.Committee")
+	defer span.End()
+	span.SetAttributes(trace.Int64Attribute("slot", int64(slot)), trace.Int64Attribute("index", int64(index))) // lint:ignore uintcast -- OK for tracing.
+
 	if err := c.checkInProgress(ctx, seed); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

 	obj, exists := c.CommitteeCache.Get(key(seed))
+	span.SetAttributes(trace.BoolAttribute("cache_hit", exists))
 	if exists {
 		CommitteeCacheHit.Inc()
 	} else {
@@ -157,11 +163,14 @@ func (c *CommitteeCache) AddCommitteeShuffledList(ctx context.Context, committee

 // ActiveIndices returns the active indices of a given seed stored in cache.
 func (c *CommitteeCache) ActiveIndices(ctx context.Context, seed [32]byte) ([]primitives.ValidatorIndex, error) {
+	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "committeeCache.ActiveIndices")
+	defer span.End()
+
 	if err := c.checkInProgress(ctx, seed); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	obj, exists := c.CommitteeCache.Get(key(seed))
-
+	span.SetAttributes(trace.BoolAttribute("cache_hit", exists))
 	if exists {
 		CommitteeCacheHit.Inc()
 	} else {
--- a/beacon-chain/cache/committee_fuzz_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/cache/committee_fuzz_test.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 package cache

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/assert"
@@ -30,8 +29,8 @@ func TestCommitteeCache_FuzzCommitteesByEpoch(t *testing.T) {

 	for i := 0; i < 100000; i++ {
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(c)
-		require.NoError(t, cache.AddCommitteeShuffledList(context.Background(), c))
-		_, err := cache.Committee(context.Background(), 0, c.Seed, 0)
+		require.NoError(t, cache.AddCommitteeShuffledList(t.Context(), c))
+		_, err := cache.Committee(t.Context(), 0, c.Seed, 0)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	}

@@ -45,9 +44,9 @@ func TestCommitteeCache_FuzzActiveIndices(t *testing.T) {

 	for i := 0; i < 100000; i++ {
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(c)
-		require.NoError(t, cache.AddCommitteeShuffledList(context.Background(), c))
+		require.NoError(t, cache.AddCommitteeShuffledList(t.Context(), c))

-		indices, err := cache.ActiveIndices(context.Background(), c.Seed)
+		indices, err := cache.ActiveIndices(t.Context(), c.Seed)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.DeepEqual(t, c.SortedIndices, indices)
 	}
--- a/beacon-chain/cache/committee_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/cache/committee_test.go
@@ -44,15 +44,15 @@ func TestCommitteeCache_CommitteesByEpoch(t *testing.T) {

 	slot := params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch
 	committeeIndex := primitives.CommitteeIndex(1)
-	indices, err := cache.Committee(context.Background(), slot, item.Seed, committeeIndex)
+	indices, err := cache.Committee(t.Context(), slot, item.Seed, committeeIndex)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	if indices != nil {
 		t.Error("Expected committee not to exist in empty cache")
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, cache.AddCommitteeShuffledList(context.Background(), item))
+	require.NoError(t, cache.AddCommitteeShuffledList(t.Context(), item))

 	wantedIndex := primitives.CommitteeIndex(0)
-	indices, err = cache.Committee(context.Background(), slot, item.Seed, wantedIndex)
+	indices, err = cache.Committee(t.Context(), slot, item.Seed, wantedIndex)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	start, end := startEndIndices(item, uint64(wantedIndex))
@@ -63,15 +63,15 @@ func TestCommitteeCache_ActiveIndices(t *testing.T) {
 	cache := NewCommitteesCache()

 	item := &Committees{Seed: [32]byte{'A'}, SortedIndices: []primitives.ValidatorIndex{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}}
-	indices, err := cache.ActiveIndices(context.Background(), item.Seed)
+	indices, err := cache.ActiveIndices(t.Context(), item.Seed)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	if indices != nil {
 		t.Error("Expected committee not to exist in empty cache")
 	}

-	require.NoError(t, cache.AddCommitteeShuffledList(context.Background(), item))
+	require.NoError(t, cache.AddCommitteeShuffledList(t.Context(), item))

-	indices, err = cache.ActiveIndices(context.Background(), item.Seed)
+	indices, err = cache.ActiveIndices(t.Context(), item.Seed)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.DeepEqual(t, item.SortedIndices, indices)
 }
@@ -80,13 +80,13 @@ func TestCommitteeCache_ActiveCount(t *testing.T) {
 	cache := NewCommitteesCache()

 	item := &Committees{Seed: [32]byte{'A'}, SortedIndices: []primitives.ValidatorIndex{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}}
-	count, err := cache.ActiveIndicesCount(context.Background(), item.Seed)
+	count, err := cache.ActiveIndicesCount(t.Context(), item.Seed)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, count, "Expected active count not to exist in empty cache")

-	require.NoError(t, cache.AddCommitteeShuffledList(context.Background(), item))
+	require.NoError(t, cache.AddCommitteeShuffledList(t.Context(), item))

-	count, err = cache.ActiveIndicesCount(context.Background(), item.Seed)
+	count, err = cache.ActiveIndicesCount(t.Context(), item.Seed)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, len(item.SortedIndices), count)
 }
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func TestCommitteeCache_CanRotate(t *testing.T) {
 	for i := start; i < end; i++ {
 		s := []byte(strconv.Itoa(i))
 		item := &Committees{Seed: bytesutil.ToBytes32(s)}
-		require.NoError(t, cache.AddCommitteeShuffledList(context.Background(), item))
+		require.NoError(t, cache.AddCommitteeShuffledList(t.Context(), item))
 	}

 	k := cache.CommitteeCache.Keys()
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ func TestCommitteeCacheOutOfRange(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	_ = cache.CommitteeCache.Add(key, comms)

-	_, err = cache.Committee(context.Background(), 0, seed, math.MaxUint64) // Overflow!
+	_, err = cache.Committee(t.Context(), 0, seed, math.MaxUint64) // Overflow!
 	require.NotNil(t, err, "Did not fail as expected")
 }

@@ -138,15 +138,15 @@ func TestCommitteeCache_DoesNothingWhenCancelledContext(t *testing.T) {
 	cache := NewCommitteesCache()

 	item := &Committees{Seed: [32]byte{'A'}, SortedIndices: []primitives.ValidatorIndex{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}}
-	count, err := cache.ActiveIndicesCount(context.Background(), item.Seed)
+	count, err := cache.ActiveIndicesCount(t.Context(), item.Seed)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, count, "Expected active count not to exist in empty cache")

-	cancelled, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancelled, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
 	cancel()
 	require.ErrorIs(t, cache.AddCommitteeShuffledList(cancelled, item), context.Canceled)

-	count, err = cache.ActiveIndicesCount(context.Background(), item.Seed)
+	count, err = cache.ActiveIndicesCount(t.Context(), item.Seed)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, count)
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/cache/depositsnapshot/deposit_cache_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/cache/depositsnapshot/deposit_cache_test.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package depositsnapshot

 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 	"testing"
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ func TestAllDeposits_ReturnsAllDeposits(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	dc.deposits = deposits

-	d := dc.AllDeposits(context.Background(), nil)
+	d := dc.AllDeposits(t.Context(), nil)
 	assert.Equal(t, len(deposits), len(d))
 }

@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ func TestAllDeposits_FiltersDepositUpToAndIncludingBlockNumber(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	dc.deposits = deposits

-	d := dc.AllDeposits(context.Background(), big.NewInt(11))
+	d := dc.AllDeposits(t.Context(), big.NewInt(11))
 	assert.Equal(t, 5, len(d))
 }

@@ -127,7 +126,7 @@ func TestDepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(t *testing.T) {
 				DepositRoot:     wantedRoot,
 			},
 		}
-		n, root := dc.DepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(context.Background(), big.NewInt(13))
+		n, root := dc.DepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(t.Context(), big.NewInt(13))
 		assert.Equal(t, 4, int(n))
 		require.DeepEqual(t, wantedRoot, root[:])
 	})
@@ -143,7 +142,7 @@ func TestDepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(t *testing.T) {
 				DepositRoot:     wantedRoot,
 			},
 		}
-		n, root := dc.DepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(context.Background(), big.NewInt(10))
+		n, root := dc.DepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(t.Context(), big.NewInt(10))
 		assert.Equal(t, 1, int(n))
 		require.DeepEqual(t, wantedRoot, root[:])
 	})
@@ -169,7 +168,7 @@ func TestDepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(t *testing.T) {
 				Deposit:         &ethpb.Deposit{},
 			},
 		}
-		n, root := dc.DepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(context.Background(), big.NewInt(10))
+		n, root := dc.DepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(t.Context(), big.NewInt(10))
 		assert.Equal(t, 2, int(n))
 		require.DeepEqual(t, wantedRoot, root[:])
 	})
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ func TestDepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(t *testing.T) {
 				DepositRoot:     wantedRoot,
 			},
 		}
-		n, root := dc.DepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(context.Background(), big.NewInt(7))
+		n, root := dc.DepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(t.Context(), big.NewInt(7))
 		assert.Equal(t, 0, int(n))
 		require.DeepEqual(t, params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash, root)
 	})
@@ -201,7 +200,7 @@ func TestDepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(t *testing.T) {
 				DepositRoot:     wantedRoot,
 			},
 		}
-		n, root := dc.DepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(context.Background(), big.NewInt(10))
+		n, root := dc.DepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(t.Context(), big.NewInt(10))
 		assert.Equal(t, 1, int(n))
 		require.DeepEqual(t, wantedRoot, root[:])
 	})
@@ -237,7 +236,7 @@ func TestDepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(t *testing.T) {
 				Deposit:         &ethpb.Deposit{},
 			},
 		}
-		n, root := dc.DepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(context.Background(), big.NewInt(9))
+		n, root := dc.DepositsNumberAndRootAtHeight(t.Context(), big.NewInt(9))
 		assert.Equal(t, 3, int(n))
 		require.DeepEqual(t, wantedRoot, root[:])
 	})
@@ -288,10 +287,10 @@ func TestDepositByPubkey_ReturnsFirstMatchingDeposit(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	dc.InsertDepositContainers(context.Background(), ctrs)
+	dc.InsertDepositContainers(t.Context(), ctrs)

 	pk1 := bytesutil.PadTo([]byte("pk1"), 48)
-	dep, blkNum := dc.DepositByPubkey(context.Background(), pk1)
+	dep, blkNum := dc.DepositByPubkey(t.Context(), pk1)

 	if dep == nil || !bytes.Equal(dep.Data.PublicKey, pk1) {
 		t.Error("Returned wrong deposit")
@@ -303,7 +302,7 @@ func TestDepositByPubkey_ReturnsFirstMatchingDeposit(t *testing.T) {
 func TestInsertDepositContainers_NotNil(t *testing.T) {
 	dc, err := New()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	dc.InsertDepositContainers(context.Background(), nil)
+	dc.InsertDepositContainers(t.Context(), nil)
 	assert.DeepEqual(t, []*ethpb.DepositContainer{}, dc.deposits)
 }

@@ -359,10 +358,10 @@ func TestFinalizedDeposits_DepositsCachedCorrectly(t *testing.T) {
 		err = dc.finalizedDeposits.depositTree.pushLeaf(root)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	}
-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 2, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 2, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	cachedDeposits, err := dc.FinalizedDeposits(context.Background())
+	cachedDeposits, err := dc.FinalizedDeposits(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, cachedDeposits, "Deposits not cached")
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(2), cachedDeposits.MerkleTrieIndex())
@@ -425,15 +424,15 @@ func TestFinalizedDeposits_UtilizesPreviouslyCachedDeposits(t *testing.T) {
 		err = dc.finalizedDeposits.Deposits().Insert(root[:], 0)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	}
-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 1, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 1, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 2, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 2, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	dc.deposits = append(dc.deposits, []*ethpb.DepositContainer{newFinalizedDeposit}...)

-	cachedDeposits, err := dc.FinalizedDeposits(context.Background())
+	cachedDeposits, err := dc.FinalizedDeposits(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, cachedDeposits, "Deposits not cached")
 	require.Equal(t, int64(1), cachedDeposits.MerkleTrieIndex())
@@ -459,10 +458,10 @@ func TestFinalizedDeposits_HandleZeroDeposits(t *testing.T) {
 	dc, err := New()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 2, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 2, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	cachedDeposits, err := dc.FinalizedDeposits(context.Background())
+	cachedDeposits, err := dc.FinalizedDeposits(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, cachedDeposits, "Deposits not cached")
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(-1), cachedDeposits.MerkleTrieIndex())
@@ -509,10 +508,10 @@ func TestFinalizedDeposits_HandleSmallerThanExpectedDeposits(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	dc.deposits = finalizedDeposits

-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 5, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 5, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	cachedDeposits, err := dc.FinalizedDeposits(context.Background())
+	cachedDeposits, err := dc.FinalizedDeposits(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, cachedDeposits, "Deposits not cached")
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(2), cachedDeposits.MerkleTrieIndex())
@@ -592,14 +591,14 @@ func TestFinalizedDeposits_HandleLowerEth1DepositIndex(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	dc.deposits = finalizedDeposits

-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 5, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 5, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	// Reinsert finalized deposits with a lower index.
-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 2, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 2, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	cachedDeposits, err := dc.FinalizedDeposits(context.Background())
+	cachedDeposits, err := dc.FinalizedDeposits(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, cachedDeposits, "Deposits not cached")
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(5), cachedDeposits.MerkleTrieIndex())
@@ -670,10 +669,10 @@ func TestNonFinalizedDeposits_ReturnsAllNonFinalizedDeposits(t *testing.T) {
 			Index:       3,
 			DepositRoot: rootCreator('D'),
 		})
-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 1, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 1, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	deps := dc.NonFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 1, nil)
+	deps := dc.NonFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 1, nil)
 	assert.Equal(t, 2, len(deps))
 }

@@ -681,7 +680,7 @@ func TestNonFinalizedDeposits_ReturnsAllNonFinalizedDeposits_Nil(t *testing.T) {
 	dc, err := New()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	deps := dc.NonFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 0, nil)
+	deps := dc.NonFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 0, nil)
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, len(deps))
 }

@@ -740,10 +739,10 @@ func TestNonFinalizedDeposits_ReturnsNonFinalizedDepositsUpToBlockNumber(t *test
 			Index:       3,
 			DepositRoot: rootCreator('D'),
 		})
-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 1, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 1, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	deps := dc.NonFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 1, big.NewInt(10))
+	deps := dc.NonFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 1, big.NewInt(10))
 	assert.Equal(t, 1, len(deps))
 }

@@ -785,21 +784,21 @@ func TestFinalizedDeposits_ReturnsTrieCorrectly(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	// Perform this in a nonsensical ordering
-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 1, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 1, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 2, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 2, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 3, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 3, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 4, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 4, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 4, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 4, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	// Mimic finalized deposit trie fetch.
-	fd, err := dc.FinalizedDeposits(context.Background())
+	fd, err := dc.FinalizedDeposits(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	deps := dc.NonFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), fd.MerkleTrieIndex(), nil)
+	deps := dc.NonFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), fd.MerkleTrieIndex(), nil)
 	insertIndex := fd.MerkleTrieIndex() + 1

 	for _, dep := range deps {
@@ -810,24 +809,24 @@ func TestFinalizedDeposits_ReturnsTrieCorrectly(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		insertIndex++
 	}
-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 5, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 5, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 6, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 6, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 9, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 9, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 12, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 12, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 15, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 15, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 15, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 15, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), 14, [32]byte{}, 0)
+	err = dc.InsertFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), 14, [32]byte{}, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	fd, err = dc.FinalizedDeposits(context.Background())
+	fd, err = dc.FinalizedDeposits(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	deps = dc.NonFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), fd.MerkleTrieIndex(), nil)
+	deps = dc.NonFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), fd.MerkleTrieIndex(), nil)
 	insertIndex = fd.MerkleTrieIndex() + 1

 	for _, dep := range dc.deposits {
@@ -888,9 +887,9 @@ func TestMin(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	dc.deposits = finalizedDeposits

-	fd, err := dc.FinalizedDeposits(context.Background())
+	fd, err := dc.FinalizedDeposits(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	deps := dc.NonFinalizedDeposits(context.Background(), fd.MerkleTrieIndex(), big.NewInt(16))
+	deps := dc.NonFinalizedDeposits(t.Context(), fd.MerkleTrieIndex(), big.NewInt(16))
 	insertIndex := fd.MerkleTrieIndex() + 1
 	for _, dep := range deps {
 		depHash, err := dep.Data.HashTreeRoot()
@@ -908,28 +907,28 @@ func TestDepositMap_WorksCorrectly(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	pk0 := bytesutil.PadTo([]byte("pk0"), 48)
-	dep, _ := dc.DepositByPubkey(context.Background(), pk0)
+	dep, _ := dc.DepositByPubkey(t.Context(), pk0)
 	var nilDep *ethpb.Deposit
 	assert.DeepEqual(t, nilDep, dep)

 	dep = &ethpb.Deposit{Proof: makeDepositProof(), Data: &ethpb.Deposit_Data{PublicKey: pk0, Amount: 1000}}
-	assert.NoError(t, dc.InsertDeposit(context.Background(), dep, 1000, 0, [32]byte{}))
+	assert.NoError(t, dc.InsertDeposit(t.Context(), dep, 1000, 0, [32]byte{}))

-	dep, _ = dc.DepositByPubkey(context.Background(), pk0)
+	dep, _ = dc.DepositByPubkey(t.Context(), pk0)
 	assert.NotEqual(t, nilDep, dep)
 	assert.Equal(t, uint64(1000), dep.Data.Amount)

 	dep = &ethpb.Deposit{Proof: makeDepositProof(), Data: &ethpb.Deposit_Data{PublicKey: pk0, Amount: 10000}}
-	assert.NoError(t, dc.InsertDeposit(context.Background(), dep, 1000, 1, [32]byte{}))
+	assert.NoError(t, dc.InsertDeposit(t.Context(), dep, 1000, 1, [32]byte{}))

 	// Make sure we have the same deposit returned over here.
-	dep, _ = dc.DepositByPubkey(context.Background(), pk0)
+	dep, _ = dc.DepositByPubkey(t.Context(), pk0)
 	assert.NotEqual(t, nilDep, dep)
 	assert.Equal(t, uint64(1000), dep.Data.Amount)

 	// Make sure another key doesn't work.
 	pk1 := bytesutil.PadTo([]byte("pk1"), 48)
-	dep, _ = dc.DepositByPubkey(context.Background(), pk1)
+	dep, _ = dc.DepositByPubkey(t.Context(), pk1)
 	assert.DeepEqual(t, nilDep, dep)
 }

--- a/beacon-chain/cache/depositsnapshot/deposit_fetcher_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/cache/depositsnapshot/deposit_fetcher_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package depositsnapshot

 import (
-	"context"
 	"math/big"
 	"testing"

@@ -13,14 +12,14 @@ var _ PendingDepositsFetcher = (*Cache)(nil)

 func TestInsertPendingDeposit_OK(t *testing.T) {
 	dc := Cache{}
-	dc.InsertPendingDeposit(context.Background(), &ethpb.Deposit{}, 111, 100, [32]byte{})
+	dc.InsertPendingDeposit(t.Context(), &ethpb.Deposit{}, 111, 100, [32]byte{})

 	assert.Equal(t, 1, len(dc.pendingDeposits), "deposit not inserted")
 }

 func TestInsertPendingDeposit_ignoresNilDeposit(t *testing.T) {
 	dc := Cache{}
-	dc.InsertPendingDeposit(context.Background(), nil /*deposit*/, 0 /*blockNum*/, 0, [32]byte{})
+	dc.InsertPendingDeposit(t.Context(), nil /*deposit*/, 0 /*blockNum*/, 0, [32]byte{})

 	assert.Equal(t, 0, len(dc.pendingDeposits))
 }
@@ -34,13 +33,13 @@ func TestPendingDeposits_OK(t *testing.T) {
 		{Eth1BlockHeight: 6, Deposit: &ethpb.Deposit{Proof: [][]byte{[]byte("c")}}},
 	}

-	deposits := dc.PendingDeposits(context.Background(), big.NewInt(4))
+	deposits := dc.PendingDeposits(t.Context(), big.NewInt(4))
 	expected := []*ethpb.Deposit{
 		{Proof: [][]byte{[]byte("A")}},
 		{Proof: [][]byte{[]byte("B")}},
 	}
 	assert.DeepSSZEqual(t, expected, deposits)

-	all := dc.PendingDeposits(context.Background(), nil)
+	all := dc.PendingDeposits(t.Context(), nil)
 	assert.Equal(t, len(dc.pendingDeposits), len(all), "PendingDeposits(ctx, nil) did not return all deposits")
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/cache/depositsnapshot/deposit_pruner_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/cache/depositsnapshot/deposit_pruner_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package depositsnapshot

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/encoding/bytesutil"
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ func TestPrunePendingDeposits_ZeroMerkleIndex(t *testing.T) {
 		{Eth1BlockHeight: 12, Index: 12},
 	}

-	dc.PrunePendingDeposits(context.Background(), 0)
+	dc.PrunePendingDeposits(t.Context(), 0)
 	expected := []*ethpb.DepositContainer{
 		{Eth1BlockHeight: 2, Index: 2},
 		{Eth1BlockHeight: 4, Index: 4},
@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ func TestPrunePendingDeposits_OK(t *testing.T) {
 		{Eth1BlockHeight: 12, Index: 12},
 	}

-	dc.PrunePendingDeposits(context.Background(), 6)
+	dc.PrunePendingDeposits(t.Context(), 6)
 	expected := []*ethpb.DepositContainer{
 		{Eth1BlockHeight: 6, Index: 6},
 		{Eth1BlockHeight: 8, Index: 8},
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ func TestPrunePendingDeposits_OK(t *testing.T) {
 		{Eth1BlockHeight: 12, Index: 12},
 	}

-	dc.PrunePendingDeposits(context.Background(), 10)
+	dc.PrunePendingDeposits(t.Context(), 10)
 	expected = []*ethpb.DepositContainer{
 		{Eth1BlockHeight: 10, Index: 10},
 		{Eth1BlockHeight: 12, Index: 12},
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ func TestPruneAllPendingDeposits(t *testing.T) {
 		{Eth1BlockHeight: 12, Index: 12},
 	}

-	dc.PruneAllPendingDeposits(context.Background())
+	dc.PruneAllPendingDeposits(t.Context())
 	expected := []*ethpb.DepositContainer{}

 	assert.DeepEqual(t, expected, dc.pendingDeposits)
@@ -128,10 +127,10 @@ func TestPruneProofs_Ok(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for _, ins := range deposits {
-		assert.NoError(t, dc.InsertDeposit(context.Background(), ins.deposit, ins.blkNum, ins.index, [32]byte{}))
+		assert.NoError(t, dc.InsertDeposit(t.Context(), ins.deposit, ins.blkNum, ins.index, [32]byte{}))
 	}

-	require.NoError(t, dc.PruneProofs(context.Background(), 1))
+	require.NoError(t, dc.PruneProofs(t.Context(), 1))

 	assert.DeepEqual(t, [][]byte(nil), dc.deposits[0].Deposit.Proof)
 	assert.DeepEqual(t, [][]byte(nil), dc.deposits[1].Deposit.Proof)
@@ -173,10 +172,10 @@ func TestPruneProofs_SomeAlreadyPruned(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for _, ins := range deposits {
-		assert.NoError(t, dc.InsertDeposit(context.Background(), ins.deposit, ins.blkNum, ins.index, [32]byte{}))
+		assert.NoError(t, dc.InsertDeposit(t.Context(), ins.deposit, ins.blkNum, ins.index, [32]byte{}))
 	}

-	require.NoError(t, dc.PruneProofs(context.Background(), 2))
+	require.NoError(t, dc.PruneProofs(t.Context(), 2))

 	assert.DeepEqual(t, [][]byte(nil), dc.deposits[2].Deposit.Proof)
 }
@@ -217,10 +216,10 @@ func TestPruneProofs_PruneAllWhenDepositIndexTooBig(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for _, ins := range deposits {
-		assert.NoError(t, dc.InsertDeposit(context.Background(), ins.deposit, ins.blkNum, ins.index, [32]byte{}))
+		assert.NoError(t, dc.InsertDeposit(t.Context(), ins.deposit, ins.blkNum, ins.index, [32]byte{}))
 	}

-	require.NoError(t, dc.PruneProofs(context.Background(), 99))
+	require.NoError(t, dc.PruneProofs(t.Context(), 99))

 	assert.DeepEqual(t, [][]byte(nil), dc.deposits[0].Deposit.Proof)
 	assert.DeepEqual(t, [][]byte(nil), dc.deposits[1].Deposit.Proof)
@@ -264,10 +263,10 @@ func TestPruneProofs_CorrectlyHandleLastIndex(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for _, ins := range deposits {
-		assert.NoError(t, dc.InsertDeposit(context.Background(), ins.deposit, ins.blkNum, ins.index, [32]byte{}))
+		assert.NoError(t, dc.InsertDeposit(t.Context(), ins.deposit, ins.blkNum, ins.index, [32]byte{}))
 	}

-	require.NoError(t, dc.PruneProofs(context.Background(), 4))
+	require.NoError(t, dc.PruneProofs(t.Context(), 4))

 	assert.DeepEqual(t, [][]byte(nil), dc.deposits[0].Deposit.Proof)
 	assert.DeepEqual(t, [][]byte(nil), dc.deposits[1].Deposit.Proof)
@@ -311,10 +310,10 @@ func TestPruneAllProofs(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for _, ins := range deposits {
-		assert.NoError(t, dc.InsertDeposit(context.Background(), ins.deposit, ins.blkNum, ins.index, [32]byte{}))
+		assert.NoError(t, dc.InsertDeposit(t.Context(), ins.deposit, ins.blkNum, ins.index, [32]byte{}))
 	}

-	dc.PruneAllProofs(context.Background())
+	dc.PruneAllProofs(t.Context())

 	assert.DeepEqual(t, [][]byte(nil), dc.deposits[0].Deposit.Proof)
 	assert.DeepEqual(t, [][]byte(nil), dc.deposits[1].Deposit.Proof)
--- a/beacon-chain/cache/registration_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/cache/registration_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package cache

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ func TestRegistrationCache(t *testing.T) {
 		Timestamp:    uint64(time.Now().Unix()),
 		Pubkey:       pubkey,
 	}
-	cache.UpdateIndexToRegisteredMap(context.Background(), m)
+	cache.UpdateIndexToRegisteredMap(t.Context(), m)
 	reg, err := cache.RegistrationByIndex(validatorIndex)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, string(reg.Pubkey), string(pubkey))
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ func TestRegistrationCache(t *testing.T) {
 			Timestamp:    uint64(time.Now().Unix()),
 			Pubkey:       pubkey,
 		}
-		cache.UpdateIndexToRegisteredMap(context.Background(), m)
+		cache.UpdateIndexToRegisteredMap(t.Context(), m)
 		reg, err := cache.RegistrationByIndex(validatorIndex2)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.Equal(t, string(reg.Pubkey), string(pubkey))
--- a/beacon-chain/cache/skip_slot_cache_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/cache/skip_slot_cache_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package cache_test

 import (
-	"context"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"

@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 )

 func TestSkipSlotCache_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	c := cache.NewSkipSlotCache()

 	r := [32]byte{'a'}
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ func TestSkipSlotCache_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestSkipSlotCache_DisabledAndEnabled(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	c := cache.NewSkipSlotCache()

 	r := [32]byte{'a'}
--- a/beacon-chain/core/altair/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/altair/BUILD.bazel
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ go_test(
        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1/attestation:go_default_library",
        "//runtime/version:go_default_library",
        "//testing/assert:go_default_library",
+        "//testing/fuzz:go_default_library",
        "//testing/require:go_default_library",
        "//testing/util:go_default_library",
        "//time:go_default_library",
--- a/beacon-chain/core/altair/attestation_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/altair/attestation_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package altair_test

 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"

@@ -19,9 +18,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/math"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1/attestation"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/fuzz"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/require"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/util"
-	fuzz "github.com/google/gofuzz"
+	gofuzz "github.com/google/gofuzz"
 	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/go-bitfield"
 )

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func TestProcessAttestations_InclusionDelayFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 	wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(context.Background(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
+	_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(t.Context(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
 	require.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 }

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func TestProcessAttestations_NeitherCurrentNorPrevEpoch(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 	wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(context.Background(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
+	_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(t.Context(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
 	require.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 }

@@ -110,13 +110,13 @@ func TestProcessAttestations_CurrentEpochFFGDataMismatches(t *testing.T) {
 	want := "source check point not equal to current justified checkpoint"
 	wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(context.Background(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
+	_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(t.Context(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
 	require.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 	b.Block.Body.Attestations[0].Data.Source.Epoch = time.CurrentEpoch(beaconState)
 	b.Block.Body.Attestations[0].Data.Source.Root = []byte{}
 	wsb, err = blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(context.Background(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
+	_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(t.Context(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
 	require.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 }

@@ -151,14 +151,14 @@ func TestProcessAttestations_PrevEpochFFGDataMismatches(t *testing.T) {
 	want := "source check point not equal to previous justified checkpoint"
 	wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(context.Background(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
+	_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(t.Context(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
 	require.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 	b.Block.Body.Attestations[0].Data.Source.Epoch = time.PrevEpoch(beaconState)
 	b.Block.Body.Attestations[0].Data.Target.Epoch = time.PrevEpoch(beaconState)
 	b.Block.Body.Attestations[0].Data.Source.Root = []byte{}
 	wsb, err = blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(context.Background(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
+	_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(t.Context(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
 	require.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 }

@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ func TestProcessAttestations_InvalidAggregationBitsLength(t *testing.T) {
 	expected := "failed to verify aggregation bitfield: wanted participants bitfield length 3, got: 4"
 	wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(context.Background(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
+	_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(t.Context(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
 	require.ErrorContains(t, expected, err)
 }

@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ func TestProcessAttestations_OK(t *testing.T) {
 		cfc.Root = mockRoot[:]
 		require.NoError(t, beaconState.SetCurrentJustifiedCheckpoint(cfc))

-		committee, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(context.Background(), beaconState, att.Data.Slot, 0)
+		committee, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(t.Context(), beaconState, att.Data.Slot, 0)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		attestingIndices, err := attestation.AttestingIndices(att, committee)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ func TestProcessAttestations_OK(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(block)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(context.Background(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
+		_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(t.Context(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	})
 	t.Run("post-Electra", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ func TestProcessAttestations_OK(t *testing.T) {
 		cfc.Root = mockRoot[:]
 		require.NoError(t, beaconState.SetCurrentJustifiedCheckpoint(cfc))

-		committee, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(context.Background(), beaconState, att.Data.Slot, 0)
+		committee, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(t.Context(), beaconState, att.Data.Slot, 0)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		attestingIndices, err := attestation.AttestingIndices(att, committee)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ func TestProcessAttestations_OK(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(block)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(context.Background(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
+		_, err = altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(t.Context(), beaconState, wsb.Block())
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	})
 }
@@ -313,13 +313,13 @@ func TestProcessAttestationNoVerify_SourceTargetHead(t *testing.T) {

 	b, err := helpers.TotalActiveBalance(beaconState)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	beaconState, err = altair.ProcessAttestationNoVerifySignature(context.Background(), beaconState, att, b)
+	beaconState, err = altair.ProcessAttestationNoVerifySignature(t.Context(), beaconState, att, b)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	p, err := beaconState.CurrentEpochParticipation()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	committee, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(context.Background(), beaconState, att.Data.Slot, att.Data.CommitteeIndex)
+	committee, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(t.Context(), beaconState, att.Data.Slot, att.Data.CommitteeIndex)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	indices, err := attestation.AttestingIndices(att, committee)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ func TestValidatorFlag_Add_ExceedsLength(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestFuzzProcessAttestationsNoVerify_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	st := &ethpb.BeaconStateAltair{}
 	b := &ethpb.SignedBeaconBlockAltair{Block: &ethpb.BeaconBlockAltair{}}
 	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
@@ -474,10 +474,11 @@ func TestFuzzProcessAttestationsNoVerify_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		r, err := altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(context.Background(), s, wsb.Block())
+		r, err := altair.ProcessAttestationsNoVerifySignature(t.Context(), s, wsb.Block())
 		if err != nil && r != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("return value should be nil on err. found: %v on error: %v for state: %v and block: %v", r, err, s, b)
 		}
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

@@ -555,10 +556,10 @@ func TestSetParticipationAndRewardProposer(t *testing.T) {

 			b, err := helpers.TotalActiveBalance(beaconState)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			st, err := altair.SetParticipationAndRewardProposer(context.Background(), beaconState, test.epoch, test.indices, test.participatedFlags, b)
+			st, err := altair.SetParticipationAndRewardProposer(t.Context(), beaconState, test.epoch, test.indices, test.participatedFlags, b)
 			require.NoError(t, err)

-			i, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(context.Background(), st)
+			i, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(t.Context(), st)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			b, err = beaconState.BalanceAtIndex(i)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -661,8 +662,8 @@ func TestRewardProposer(t *testing.T) {
 		{rewardNumerator: 1000000000000, want: 34234377253},
 	}
 	for _, test := range tests {
-		require.NoError(t, altair.RewardProposer(context.Background(), beaconState, test.rewardNumerator))
-		i, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(context.Background(), beaconState)
+		require.NoError(t, altair.RewardProposer(t.Context(), beaconState, test.rewardNumerator))
+		i, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(t.Context(), beaconState)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		b, err := beaconState.BalanceAtIndex(i)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
--- a/beacon-chain/core/altair/block_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/altair/block_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package altair_test

 import (
-	"context"
 	"math"
 	"testing"

@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ import (
 func TestProcessSyncCommittee_PerfectParticipation(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconState, privKeys := util.DeterministicGenesisStateAltair(t, params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerCommittee)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconState.SetSlot(1))
-	committee, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(context.Background(), beaconState)
+	committee, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(t.Context(), beaconState)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconState.SetCurrentSyncCommittee(committee))

@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommittee_PerfectParticipation(t *testing.T) {
 	for i := range syncBits {
 		syncBits[i] = 0xff
 	}
-	indices, err := altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(context.Background(), beaconState)
+	indices, err := altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(t.Context(), beaconState)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	ps := slots.PrevSlot(beaconState.Slot())
 	pbr, err := helpers.BlockRootAtSlot(beaconState, ps)
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommittee_PerfectParticipation(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	var reward uint64
-	beaconState, reward, err = altair.ProcessSyncAggregate(context.Background(), beaconState, syncAggregate)
+	beaconState, reward, err = altair.ProcessSyncAggregate(t.Context(), beaconState, syncAggregate)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, uint64(72192), reward)

@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommittee_PerfectParticipation(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, true, balances[indices[0]] > balances[nonSyncIndex])

 	// Proposer should be more profitable than rest of the sync committee
-	proposerIndex, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(context.Background(), beaconState)
+	proposerIndex, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(t.Context(), beaconState)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, true, balances[proposerIndex] > balances[indices[0]])

@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommittee_PerfectParticipation(t *testing.T) {
 func TestProcessSyncCommittee_MixParticipation_BadSignature(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconState, privKeys := util.DeterministicGenesisStateAltair(t, params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerCommittee)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconState.SetSlot(1))
-	committee, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(context.Background(), beaconState)
+	committee, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(t.Context(), beaconState)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconState.SetCurrentSyncCommittee(committee))

@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommittee_MixParticipation_BadSignature(t *testing.T) {
 	for i := range syncBits {
 		syncBits[i] = 0xAA
 	}
-	indices, err := altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(context.Background(), beaconState)
+	indices, err := altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(t.Context(), beaconState)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	ps := slots.PrevSlot(beaconState.Slot())
 	pbr, err := helpers.BlockRootAtSlot(beaconState, ps)
@@ -130,14 +129,14 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommittee_MixParticipation_BadSignature(t *testing.T) {
 		SyncCommitteeSignature: aggregatedSig,
 	}

-	_, _, err = altair.ProcessSyncAggregate(context.Background(), beaconState, syncAggregate)
+	_, _, err = altair.ProcessSyncAggregate(t.Context(), beaconState, syncAggregate)
 	require.ErrorContains(t, "invalid sync committee signature", err)
 }

 func TestProcessSyncCommittee_MixParticipation_GoodSignature(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconState, privKeys := util.DeterministicGenesisStateAltair(t, params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerCommittee)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconState.SetSlot(1))
-	committee, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(context.Background(), beaconState)
+	committee, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(t.Context(), beaconState)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconState.SetCurrentSyncCommittee(committee))

@@ -145,7 +144,7 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommittee_MixParticipation_GoodSignature(t *testing.T) {
 	for i := range syncBits {
 		syncBits[i] = 0xAA
 	}
-	indices, err := altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(context.Background(), beaconState)
+	indices, err := altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(t.Context(), beaconState)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	ps := slots.PrevSlot(beaconState.Slot())
 	pbr, err := helpers.BlockRootAtSlot(beaconState, ps)
@@ -167,7 +166,7 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommittee_MixParticipation_GoodSignature(t *testing.T) {
 		SyncCommitteeSignature: aggregatedSig,
 	}

-	_, _, err = altair.ProcessSyncAggregate(context.Background(), beaconState, syncAggregate)
+	_, _, err = altair.ProcessSyncAggregate(t.Context(), beaconState, syncAggregate)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 }

@@ -175,7 +174,7 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommittee_MixParticipation_GoodSignature(t *testing.T) {
 func TestProcessSyncCommittee_DontPrecompute(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconState, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisStateAltair(t, params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerCommittee)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconState.SetSlot(1))
-	committee, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(context.Background(), beaconState)
+	committee, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(t.Context(), beaconState)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	committeeKeys := committee.Pubkeys
 	committeeKeys[1] = committeeKeys[0]
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommittee_DontPrecompute(t *testing.T) {
 		SyncCommitteeBits: syncBits,
 	}
 	require.NoError(t, beaconState.UpdateBalancesAtIndex(idx, 0))
-	st, votedKeys, _, err := altair.ProcessSyncAggregateEported(context.Background(), beaconState, syncAggregate)
+	st, votedKeys, _, err := altair.ProcessSyncAggregateEported(t.Context(), beaconState, syncAggregate)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 511, len(votedKeys))
 	require.DeepEqual(t, committeeKeys[0], votedKeys[0].Marshal())
@@ -203,7 +202,7 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommittee_DontPrecompute(t *testing.T) {
 func TestProcessSyncCommittee_processSyncAggregate(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconState, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisStateAltair(t, params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerCommittee)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconState.SetSlot(1))
-	committee, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(context.Background(), beaconState)
+	committee, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(t.Context(), beaconState)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconState.SetCurrentSyncCommittee(committee))

@@ -215,7 +214,7 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommittee_processSyncAggregate(t *testing.T) {
 		SyncCommitteeBits: syncBits,
 	}

-	st, votedKeys, _, err := altair.ProcessSyncAggregateEported(context.Background(), beaconState, syncAggregate)
+	st, votedKeys, _, err := altair.ProcessSyncAggregateEported(t.Context(), beaconState, syncAggregate)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	votedMap := make(map[[fieldparams.BLSPubkeyLength]byte]bool)
 	for _, key := range votedKeys {
@@ -228,7 +227,7 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommittee_processSyncAggregate(t *testing.T) {
 	committeeKeys := currentSyncCommittee.Pubkeys
 	balances := st.Balances()

-	proposerIndex, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(context.Background(), beaconState)
+	proposerIndex, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(t.Context(), beaconState)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	for i := 0; i < len(syncBits); i++ {
@@ -254,7 +253,7 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommittee_processSyncAggregate(t *testing.T) {
 func Test_VerifySyncCommitteeSig(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconState, privKeys := util.DeterministicGenesisStateAltair(t, params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerCommittee)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconState.SetSlot(1))
-	committee, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(context.Background(), beaconState)
+	committee, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(t.Context(), beaconState)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, beaconState.SetCurrentSyncCommittee(committee))

@@ -262,7 +261,7 @@ func Test_VerifySyncCommitteeSig(t *testing.T) {
 	for i := range syncBits {
 		syncBits[i] = 0xff
 	}
-	indices, err := altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(context.Background(), beaconState)
+	indices, err := altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(t.Context(), beaconState)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	ps := slots.PrevSlot(beaconState.Slot())
 	pbr, err := helpers.BlockRootAtSlot(beaconState, ps)
--- a/beacon-chain/core/altair/deposit_fuzz_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/altair/deposit_fuzz_test.go
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 package altair_test

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/altair"
 	state_native "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/state/state-native"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/fuzz"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/require"
-	fuzz "github.com/google/gofuzz"
+	gofuzz "github.com/google/gofuzz"
 )

 func TestFuzzProcessDeposits_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconStateAltair{}
 	deposits := make([]*ethpb.Deposit, 100)
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(state)
 		for i := range deposits {
@@ -27,14 +27,15 @@ func TestFuzzProcessDeposits_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil && r != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("return value should be nil on err. found: %v on error: %v for state: %v and block: %v", r, err, state, deposits)
 		}
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

 func TestFuzzProcessPreGenesisDeposit_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconStateAltair{}
 	deposit := &ethpb.Deposit{}
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()

 	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(state)
@@ -45,14 +46,15 @@ func TestFuzzProcessPreGenesisDeposit_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil && r != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("return value should be nil on err. found: %v on error: %v for state: %v and block: %v", r, err, state, deposit)
 		}
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

 func TestFuzzProcessPreGenesisDeposit_Phase0_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconState{}
 	deposit := &ethpb.Deposit{}
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()

 	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(state)
@@ -63,11 +65,12 @@ func TestFuzzProcessPreGenesisDeposit_Phase0_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil && r != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("return value should be nil on err. found: %v on error: %v for state: %v and block: %v", r, err, state, deposit)
 		}
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

 func TestFuzzProcessDeposit_Phase0_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconState{}
 	deposit := &ethpb.Deposit{}

@@ -80,11 +83,12 @@ func TestFuzzProcessDeposit_Phase0_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil && r != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("return value should be nil on err. found: %v on error: %v for state: %v and block: %v", r, err, state, deposit)
 		}
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

 func TestFuzzProcessDeposit_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconStateAltair{}
 	deposit := &ethpb.Deposit{}

@@ -97,5 +101,6 @@ func TestFuzzProcessDeposit_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil && r != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("return value should be nil on err. found: %v on error: %v for state: %v and block: %v", r, err, state, deposit)
 		}
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/core/altair/deposit_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/altair/deposit_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package altair_test

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/altair"
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ func TestProcessDeposits_SameValidatorMultipleDepositsSameBlock(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	newState, err := altair.ProcessDeposits(context.Background(), beaconState, []*ethpb.Deposit{dep[0], dep[1], dep[2]})
+	newState, err := altair.ProcessDeposits(t.Context(), beaconState, []*ethpb.Deposit{dep[0], dep[1], dep[2]})
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Expected block deposits to process correctly")
 	require.Equal(t, 2, len(newState.Validators()), "Incorrect validator count")
 }
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ func TestProcessDeposits_AddsNewValidatorDeposit(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	newState, err := altair.ProcessDeposits(context.Background(), beaconState, []*ethpb.Deposit{dep[0]})
+	newState, err := altair.ProcessDeposits(t.Context(), beaconState, []*ethpb.Deposit{dep[0]})
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Expected block deposits to process correctly")
 	if newState.Balances()[1] != dep[0].Data.Amount {
 		t.Errorf(
@@ -127,7 +126,7 @@ func TestProcessDeposits_RepeatedDeposit_IncreasesValidatorBalance(t *testing.T)
 		},
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	newState, err := altair.ProcessDeposits(context.Background(), beaconState, []*ethpb.Deposit{deposit})
+	newState, err := altair.ProcessDeposits(t.Context(), beaconState, []*ethpb.Deposit{deposit})
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Process deposit failed")
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1000+50), newState.Balances()[1], "Expected balance at index 1 to be 1050")
 }
@@ -256,7 +255,7 @@ func TestPreGenesisDeposits_SkipInvalidDeposit(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	newState, err := altair.ProcessPreGenesisDeposits(context.Background(), beaconState, dep)
+	newState, err := altair.ProcessPreGenesisDeposits(t.Context(), beaconState, dep)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Expected invalid block deposit to be ignored without error")

 	_, ok := newState.ValidatorIndexByPubkey(bytesutil.ToBytes48(dep[0].Data.PublicKey))
@@ -370,6 +369,6 @@ func TestProcessDeposits_MerkleBranchFailsVerification(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	want := "deposit root did not verify"
-	_, err = altair.ProcessDeposits(context.Background(), beaconState, b.Block.Body.Deposits)
+	_, err = altair.ProcessDeposits(t.Context(), beaconState, b.Block.Body.Deposits)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/core/altair/epoch_precompute_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/altair/epoch_precompute_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package altair

 import (
-	"context"
 	"math"
 	"testing"

@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ func TestInitializeEpochValidators_Ok(t *testing.T) {
 		InactivityScores: []uint64{0, 1, 2, 3},
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	v, b, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(context.Background(), s)
+	v, b, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(t.Context(), s)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.DeepEqual(t, &precompute.Validator{
 		IsSlashed:                    true,
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ func TestInitializeEpochValidators_Overflow(t *testing.T) {
 		InactivityScores: []uint64{0, 1},
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, _, err = InitializePrecomputeValidators(context.Background(), s)
+	_, _, err = InitializePrecomputeValidators(t.Context(), s)
 	require.ErrorContains(t, "could not read every validator: addition overflows", err)
 }

@@ -84,16 +83,16 @@ func TestInitializeEpochValidators_BadState(t *testing.T) {
 		InactivityScores: []uint64{},
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, _, err = InitializePrecomputeValidators(context.Background(), s)
+	_, _, err = InitializePrecomputeValidators(t.Context(), s)
 	require.ErrorContains(t, "num of validators is different than num of inactivity scores", err)
 }

 func TestProcessEpochParticipation(t *testing.T) {
 	s, err := testState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(context.Background(), s)
+	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(t.Context(), s)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, balance, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(context.Background(), s, balance, validators)
+	validators, balance, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(t.Context(), s, balance, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.DeepEqual(t, &precompute.Validator{
 		IsActiveCurrentEpoch:         true,
@@ -169,9 +168,9 @@ func TestProcessEpochParticipation_InactiveValidator(t *testing.T) {
 		InactivityScores: []uint64{0, 0, 0},
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(context.Background(), st)
+	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(t.Context(), st)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, balance, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(context.Background(), st, balance, validators)
+	validators, balance, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(t.Context(), st, balance, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.DeepEqual(t, &precompute.Validator{
 		IsActiveCurrentEpoch:         false,
@@ -209,9 +208,9 @@ func TestProcessEpochParticipation_InactiveValidator(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAttestationsDelta(t *testing.T) {
 	s, err := testState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(context.Background(), s)
+	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(t.Context(), s)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, balance, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(context.Background(), s, balance, validators)
+	validators, balance, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(t.Context(), s, balance, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	deltas, err := AttestationsDelta(s, balance, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -247,9 +246,9 @@ func TestAttestationsDelta(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAttestationsDeltaBellatrix(t *testing.T) {
 	s, err := testStateBellatrix()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(context.Background(), s)
+	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(t.Context(), s)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, balance, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(context.Background(), s, balance, validators)
+	validators, balance, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(t.Context(), s, balance, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	deltas, err := AttestationsDelta(s, balance, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -285,9 +284,9 @@ func TestAttestationsDeltaBellatrix(t *testing.T) {
 func TestProcessRewardsAndPenaltiesPrecompute_Ok(t *testing.T) {
 	s, err := testState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(context.Background(), s)
+	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(t.Context(), s)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, balance, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(context.Background(), s, balance, validators)
+	validators, balance, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(t.Context(), s, balance, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	s, err = ProcessRewardsAndPenaltiesPrecompute(s, balance, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -324,9 +323,9 @@ func TestProcessRewardsAndPenaltiesPrecompute_Ok(t *testing.T) {
 func TestProcessRewardsAndPenaltiesPrecompute_InactivityLeak(t *testing.T) {
 	s, err := testState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(context.Background(), s)
+	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(t.Context(), s)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, balance, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(context.Background(), s, balance, validators)
+	validators, balance, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(t.Context(), s, balance, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	sCopy := s.Copy()
 	s, err = ProcessRewardsAndPenaltiesPrecompute(s, balance, validators)
@@ -352,11 +351,11 @@ func TestProcessInactivityScores_CanProcessInactivityLeak(t *testing.T) {
 	defaultScore := uint64(5)
 	require.NoError(t, s.SetInactivityScores([]uint64{defaultScore, defaultScore, defaultScore, defaultScore}))
 	require.NoError(t, s.SetSlot(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch*primitives.Slot(params.BeaconConfig().MinEpochsToInactivityPenalty+2)))
-	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(context.Background(), s)
+	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(t.Context(), s)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, _, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(context.Background(), s, balance, validators)
+	validators, _, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(t.Context(), s, balance, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	s, _, err = ProcessInactivityScores(context.Background(), s, validators)
+	s, _, err = ProcessInactivityScores(t.Context(), s, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	inactivityScores, err := s.InactivityScores()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -373,11 +372,11 @@ func TestProcessInactivityScores_GenesisEpoch(t *testing.T) {
 	defaultScore := uint64(10)
 	require.NoError(t, s.SetInactivityScores([]uint64{defaultScore, defaultScore, defaultScore, defaultScore}))
 	require.NoError(t, s.SetSlot(params.BeaconConfig().GenesisSlot))
-	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(context.Background(), s)
+	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(t.Context(), s)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, _, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(context.Background(), s, balance, validators)
+	validators, _, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(t.Context(), s, balance, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	s, _, err = ProcessInactivityScores(context.Background(), s, validators)
+	s, _, err = ProcessInactivityScores(t.Context(), s, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	inactivityScores, err := s.InactivityScores()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -392,11 +391,11 @@ func TestProcessInactivityScores_CanProcessNonInactivityLeak(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defaultScore := uint64(5)
 	require.NoError(t, s.SetInactivityScores([]uint64{defaultScore, defaultScore, defaultScore, defaultScore}))
-	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(context.Background(), s)
+	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(t.Context(), s)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, _, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(context.Background(), s, balance, validators)
+	validators, _, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(t.Context(), s, balance, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	s, _, err = ProcessInactivityScores(context.Background(), s, validators)
+	s, _, err = ProcessInactivityScores(t.Context(), s, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	inactivityScores, err := s.InactivityScores()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -410,9 +409,9 @@ func TestProcessInactivityScores_CanProcessNonInactivityLeak(t *testing.T) {
 func TestProcessRewardsAndPenaltiesPrecompute_GenesisEpoch(t *testing.T) {
 	s, err := testState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(context.Background(), s)
+	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(t.Context(), s)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, balance, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(context.Background(), s, balance, validators)
+	validators, balance, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(t.Context(), s, balance, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, s.SetSlot(0))
 	s, err = ProcessRewardsAndPenaltiesPrecompute(s, balance, validators)
@@ -429,9 +428,9 @@ func TestProcessRewardsAndPenaltiesPrecompute_GenesisEpoch(t *testing.T) {
 func TestProcessRewardsAndPenaltiesPrecompute_BadState(t *testing.T) {
 	s, err := testState()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(context.Background(), s)
+	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(t.Context(), s)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, balance, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(context.Background(), s, balance, validators)
+	_, balance, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(t.Context(), s, balance, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	_, err = ProcessRewardsAndPenaltiesPrecompute(s, balance, []*precompute.Validator{})
 	require.ErrorContains(t, "validator registries not the same length as state's validator registries", err)
@@ -442,7 +441,7 @@ func TestProcessInactivityScores_NonEligibleValidator(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defaultScore := uint64(5)
 	require.NoError(t, s.SetInactivityScores([]uint64{defaultScore, defaultScore, defaultScore, defaultScore}))
-	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(context.Background(), s)
+	validators, balance, err := InitializePrecomputeValidators(t.Context(), s)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	// v0 is eligible (not active previous epoch, slashed and not withdrawable)
@@ -463,9 +462,9 @@ func TestProcessInactivityScores_NonEligibleValidator(t *testing.T) {
 	// v3 is eligible (active previous epoch)
 	validators[3].IsActivePrevEpoch = true

-	validators, _, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(context.Background(), s, balance, validators)
+	validators, _, err = ProcessEpochParticipation(t.Context(), s, balance, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	s, _, err = ProcessInactivityScores(context.Background(), s, validators)
+	s, _, err = ProcessInactivityScores(t.Context(), s, validators)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	inactivityScores, err := s.InactivityScores()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
--- a/beacon-chain/core/altair/epoch_spec_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/altair/epoch_spec_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package altair_test

 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"testing"
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommitteeUpdates_CanRotate(t *testing.T) {
 		BodyRoot:   bytesutil.PadTo([]byte{'c'}, 32),
 	}
 	require.NoError(t, s.SetLatestBlockHeader(h))
-	postState, err := altair.ProcessSyncCommitteeUpdates(context.Background(), s)
+	postState, err := altair.ProcessSyncCommitteeUpdates(t.Context(), s)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	current, err := postState.CurrentSyncCommittee()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommitteeUpdates_CanRotate(t *testing.T) {
 	require.DeepEqual(t, current, next)

 	require.NoError(t, s.SetSlot(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch))
-	postState, err = altair.ProcessSyncCommitteeUpdates(context.Background(), s)
+	postState, err = altair.ProcessSyncCommitteeUpdates(t.Context(), s)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	c, err := postState.CurrentSyncCommittee()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommitteeUpdates_CanRotate(t *testing.T) {
 	require.DeepEqual(t, next, n)

 	require.NoError(t, s.SetSlot(primitives.Slot(params.BeaconConfig().EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod)*params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch-1))
-	postState, err = altair.ProcessSyncCommitteeUpdates(context.Background(), s)
+	postState, err = altair.ProcessSyncCommitteeUpdates(t.Context(), s)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	c, err = postState.CurrentSyncCommittee()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ func TestProcessSyncCommitteeUpdates_CanRotate(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test boundary condition.
 	slot := params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch * primitives.Slot(time.CurrentEpoch(s)+params.BeaconConfig().EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod)
 	require.NoError(t, s.SetSlot(slot))
-	boundaryCommittee, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(context.Background(), s)
+	boundaryCommittee, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(t.Context(), s)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.DeepNotEqual(t, boundaryCommittee, n)
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/core/altair/sync_committee.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/altair/sync_committee.go
@@ -217,15 +217,15 @@ func IsSyncCommitteeAggregator(sig []byte) (bool, error) {
 // ValidateSyncMessageTime validates sync message to ensure that the provided slot is valid.
 // Spec: [IGNORE] The message's slot is for the current slot (with a MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY allowance), i.e. sync_committee_message.slot == current_slot
 func ValidateSyncMessageTime(slot primitives.Slot, genesisTime time.Time, clockDisparity time.Duration) error {
-	if err := slots.ValidateClock(slot, uint64(genesisTime.Unix())); err != nil {
+	if err := slots.ValidateClock(slot, genesisTime); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	messageTime, err := slots.ToTime(uint64(genesisTime.Unix()), slot)
+	messageTime, err := slots.ToTime(genesisTime, slot)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	currentSlot := slots.Since(genesisTime)
-	slotStartTime, err := slots.ToTime(uint64(genesisTime.Unix()), currentSlot)
+	slotStartTime, err := slots.ToTime(genesisTime, currentSlot)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/beacon-chain/core/altair/sync_committee_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/altair/sync_committee_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package altair_test

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ func TestSyncCommitteeIndices_CanGet(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Run(version.String(v), func(t *testing.T) {
 					helpers.ClearCache()
 					st := getState(t, tt.args.validatorCount, v)
-					got, err := altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(context.Background(), st)
+					got, err := altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(t.Context(), st)
 					if tt.wantErr {
 						require.ErrorContains(t, tt.errString, err)
 					} else {
@@ -129,18 +128,18 @@ func TestSyncCommitteeIndices_DifferentPeriods(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	st := getState(t, params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerCommittee)
-	got1, err := altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(context.Background(), st)
+	got1, err := altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(t.Context(), st)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, st.SetSlot(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch))
-	got2, err := altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(context.Background(), st)
+	got2, err := altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(t.Context(), st)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.DeepNotEqual(t, got1, got2)
 	require.NoError(t, st.SetSlot(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch*primitives.Slot(params.BeaconConfig().EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod)))
-	got2, err = altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(context.Background(), st)
+	got2, err = altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(t.Context(), st)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.DeepNotEqual(t, got1, got2)
 	require.NoError(t, st.SetSlot(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch*primitives.Slot(2*params.BeaconConfig().EpochsPerSyncCommitteePeriod)))
-	got2, err = altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(context.Background(), st)
+	got2, err = altair.NextSyncCommitteeIndices(t.Context(), st)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.DeepNotEqual(t, got1, got2)
 }
@@ -206,7 +205,7 @@ func TestSyncCommittee_CanGet(t *testing.T) {
 			if !tt.wantErr {
 				require.NoError(t, tt.args.state.SetSlot(primitives.Slot(tt.args.epoch)*params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch))
 			}
-			got, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(context.Background(), tt.args.state)
+			got, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(t.Context(), tt.args.state)
 			if tt.wantErr {
 				require.ErrorContains(t, tt.errString, err)
 			} else {
@@ -270,7 +269,7 @@ func TestValidateNilSyncContribution(t *testing.T) {
 func TestSyncSubCommitteePubkeys_CanGet(t *testing.T) {
 	helpers.ClearCache()
 	st := getState(t, params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerCommittee)
-	com, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(context.Background(), st)
+	com, err := altair.NextSyncCommittee(t.Context(), st)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	sub, err := altair.SyncSubCommitteePubkeys(com, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
--- a/beacon-chain/core/altair/transition_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/altair/transition_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package altair_test

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/altair"
@@ -13,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 func TestProcessEpoch_CanProcess(t *testing.T) {
 	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisStateAltair(t, params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerCommittee)
 	require.NoError(t, st.SetSlot(10*params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch))
-	err := altair.ProcessEpoch(context.Background(), st)
+	err := altair.ProcessEpoch(t.Context(), st)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(0), st.Slashings()[2], "Unexpected slashed balance")

@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ func TestProcessEpoch_CanProcess(t *testing.T) {
 func TestProcessEpoch_CanProcessBellatrix(t *testing.T) {
 	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisStateBellatrix(t, params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerCommittee)
 	require.NoError(t, st.SetSlot(10*params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch))
-	err := altair.ProcessEpoch(context.Background(), st)
+	err := altair.ProcessEpoch(t.Context(), st)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(0), st.Slashings()[2], "Unexpected slashed balance")

--- a/beacon-chain/core/altair/upgrade.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/altair/upgrade.go
@@ -67,12 +67,8 @@ func UpgradeToAltair(ctx context.Context, state state.BeaconState) (state.Beacon
 	epoch := time.CurrentEpoch(state)

 	numValidators := state.NumValidators()
-	hrs, err := state.HistoricalRoots()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
 	s := &ethpb.BeaconStateAltair{
-		GenesisTime:           state.GenesisTime(),
+		GenesisTime:           uint64(state.GenesisTime().Unix()),
 		GenesisValidatorsRoot: state.GenesisValidatorsRoot(),
 		Slot:                  state.Slot(),
 		Fork: &ethpb.Fork{
@@ -83,7 +79,7 @@ func UpgradeToAltair(ctx context.Context, state state.BeaconState) (state.Beacon
 		LatestBlockHeader:           state.LatestBlockHeader(),
 		BlockRoots:                  state.BlockRoots(),
 		StateRoots:                  state.StateRoots(),
-		HistoricalRoots:             hrs,
+		HistoricalRoots:             state.HistoricalRoots(),
 		Eth1Data:                    state.Eth1Data(),
 		Eth1DataVotes:               state.Eth1DataVotes(),
 		Eth1DepositIndex:            state.Eth1DepositIndex(),
--- a/beacon-chain/core/altair/upgrade_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/altair/upgrade_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package altair_test

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/altair"
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 )

 func TestTranslateParticipation(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	s, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisStateAltair(t, 64)
 	require.NoError(t, s.SetSlot(s.Slot()+params.BeaconConfig().MinAttestationInclusionDelay))

@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ func TestTranslateParticipation(t *testing.T) {
 func TestUpgradeToAltair(t *testing.T) {
 	st, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerCommittee)
 	preForkState := st.Copy()
-	aState, err := altair.UpgradeToAltair(context.Background(), st)
+	aState, err := altair.UpgradeToAltair(t.Context(), st)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	require.Equal(t, preForkState.GenesisTime(), aState.GenesisTime())
@@ -82,10 +81,8 @@ func TestUpgradeToAltair(t *testing.T) {
 	require.DeepSSZEqual(t, preForkState.LatestBlockHeader(), aState.LatestBlockHeader())
 	require.DeepSSZEqual(t, preForkState.BlockRoots(), aState.BlockRoots())
 	require.DeepSSZEqual(t, preForkState.StateRoots(), aState.StateRoots())
-	r1, err := preForkState.HistoricalRoots()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	r2, err := aState.HistoricalRoots()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	r1 := preForkState.HistoricalRoots()
+	r2 := aState.HistoricalRoots()
 	require.DeepSSZEqual(t, r1, r2)
 	require.DeepSSZEqual(t, preForkState.Eth1Data(), aState.Eth1Data())
 	require.DeepSSZEqual(t, preForkState.Eth1DataVotes(), aState.Eth1DataVotes())
--- a/beacon-chain/core/blocks/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/blocks/BUILD.bazel
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ go_test(
        "//proto/prysm/v1alpha1/attestation/aggregation/attestations:go_default_library",
        "//runtime/version:go_default_library",
        "//testing/assert:go_default_library",
+        "//testing/fuzz:go_default_library",
        "//testing/require:go_default_library",
        "//testing/util:go_default_library",
        "//time/slots:go_default_library",
--- a/beacon-chain/core/blocks/attestation.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/blocks/attestation.go
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ func VerifyAttestationNoVerifySignature(
 		}
 	}

-	return attestation.IsValidAttestationIndices(ctx, indexedAtt)
+	return attestation.IsValidAttestationIndices(ctx, indexedAtt, params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerCommittee, params.BeaconConfig().MaxCommitteesPerSlot)
 }

 // ProcessAttestationNoVerifySignature processes the attestation without verifying the attestation signature. This
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ func VerifyIndexedAttestation(ctx context.Context, beaconState state.ReadOnlyBea
 	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "core.VerifyIndexedAttestation")
 	defer span.End()

-	if err := attestation.IsValidAttestationIndices(ctx, indexedAtt); err != nil {
+	if err := attestation.IsValidAttestationIndices(ctx, indexedAtt, params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerCommittee, params.BeaconConfig().MaxCommitteesPerSlot); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	domain, err := signing.Domain(
--- a/beacon-chain/core/blocks/attestation_regression_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/blocks/attestation_regression_test.go
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ func TestProcessAttestationNoVerifySignature_BeaconFuzzIssue78(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	_, err = blocks.ProcessAttestationNoVerifySignature(ctx, st, att)
 	require.ErrorContains(t, "committee index 1 >= committee count 1", err)
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/core/blocks/attestation_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/blocks/attestation_test.go
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func TestProcessAggregatedAttestation_OverlappingBits(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, beaconState.SetCurrentJustifiedCheckpoint(cfc))
 	require.NoError(t, beaconState.AppendCurrentEpochAttestations(&ethpb.PendingAttestation{}))

-	committee, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(context.Background(), beaconState, att1.Data.Slot, att1.Data.CommitteeIndex)
+	committee, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(t.Context(), beaconState, att1.Data.Slot, att1.Data.CommitteeIndex)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	attestingIndices1, err := attestation.AttestingIndices(att1, committee)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func TestProcessAggregatedAttestation_OverlappingBits(t *testing.T) {
 		AggregationBits: aggBits2,
 	}

-	committee, err = helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(context.Background(), beaconState, att2.Data.Slot, att2.Data.CommitteeIndex)
+	committee, err = helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(t.Context(), beaconState, att2.Data.Slot, att2.Data.CommitteeIndex)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	attestingIndices2, err := attestation.AttestingIndices(att2, committee)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ func TestProcessAttestationsNoVerify_OlderThanSlotsPerEpoch(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		AggregationBits: aggBits,
 	}
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()

 	t.Run("attestation older than slots per epoch", func(t *testing.T) {
 		beaconState, _ := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 100)
@@ -360,9 +360,9 @@ func TestConvertToIndexed_OK(t *testing.T) {
 			Signature:        att.Signature,
 		}

-		committee, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(context.Background(), state, att.Data.Slot, att.Data.CommitteeIndex)
+		committee, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(t.Context(), state, att.Data.Slot, att.Data.CommitteeIndex)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		ia, err := attestation.ConvertToIndexed(context.Background(), att, committee)
+		ia, err := attestation.ConvertToIndexed(t.Context(), att, committee)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.DeepEqual(t, wanted, ia, "Convert attestation to indexed attestation didn't result as wanted")
 	}
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ func TestVerifyIndexedAttestation_OK(t *testing.T) {

 		tt.attestation.Signature = marshalledSig

-		err = blocks.VerifyIndexedAttestation(context.Background(), state, tt.attestation)
+		err = blocks.VerifyIndexedAttestation(t.Context(), state, tt.attestation)
 		assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to verify indexed attestation")
 	}
 }
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ func TestValidateIndexedAttestation_AboveMaxLength(t *testing.T) {
 	want := "validator indices count exceeds MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE"
 	st, err := state_native.InitializeFromProtoUnsafePhase0(&ethpb.BeaconState{})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = blocks.VerifyIndexedAttestation(context.Background(), st, indexedAtt1)
+	err = blocks.VerifyIndexedAttestation(t.Context(), st, indexedAtt1)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 }

@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ func TestValidateIndexedAttestation_BadAttestationsSignatureSet(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	want := "nil or missing indexed attestation data"
-	_, err := blocks.AttestationSignatureBatch(context.Background(), beaconState, atts)
+	_, err := blocks.AttestationSignatureBatch(t.Context(), beaconState, atts)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, want, err)

 	atts = []ethpb.Att{}
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ func TestValidateIndexedAttestation_BadAttestationsSignatureSet(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	want = "expected non-empty attesting indices"
-	_, err = blocks.AttestationSignatureBatch(context.Background(), beaconState, atts)
+	_, err = blocks.AttestationSignatureBatch(t.Context(), beaconState, atts)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 }

@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ func TestVerifyAttestations_HandlesPlannedFork(t *testing.T) {
 		PreviousVersion: params.BeaconConfig().GenesisForkVersion,
 	}))

-	comm1, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(context.Background(), st, 1 /*slot*/, 0 /*committeeIndex*/)
+	comm1, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(t.Context(), st, 1 /*slot*/, 0 /*committeeIndex*/)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	att1 := util.HydrateAttestation(&ethpb.Attestation{
 		AggregationBits: bitfield.NewBitlist(uint64(len(comm1))),
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ func TestVerifyAttestations_HandlesPlannedFork(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	att1.Signature = bls.AggregateSignatures(sigs).Marshal()

-	comm2, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(context.Background(), st, 1*params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch+1 /*slot*/, 1 /*committeeIndex*/)
+	comm2, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(t.Context(), st, 1*params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch+1 /*slot*/, 1 /*committeeIndex*/)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	att2 := util.HydrateAttestation(&ethpb.Attestation{
 		AggregationBits: bitfield.NewBitlist(uint64(len(comm2))),
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ func TestVerifyAttestations_HandlesPlannedFork(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestRetrieveAttestationSignatureSet_VerifiesMultipleAttestations(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	numOfValidators := uint64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch.Mul(4))
 	validators := make([]*ethpb.Validator, numOfValidators)
 	_, keys, err := util.DeterministicDepositsAndKeys(numOfValidators)
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ func TestRetrieveAttestationSignatureSet_VerifiesMultipleAttestations(t *testing
 		require.NoError(t, st.SetSlot(5))
 		require.NoError(t, st.SetValidators(validators))

-		comm1, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(context.Background(), st, 1 /*slot*/, 0 /*committeeIndex*/)
+		comm1, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(t.Context(), st, 1 /*slot*/, 0 /*committeeIndex*/)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		att1 := util.HydrateAttestation(&ethpb.Attestation{
 			AggregationBits: bitfield.NewBitlist(uint64(len(comm1))),
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ func TestRetrieveAttestationSignatureSet_VerifiesMultipleAttestations(t *testing
 		}
 		att1.Signature = bls.AggregateSignatures(sigs).Marshal()

-		comm2, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(context.Background(), st, 1 /*slot*/, 1 /*committeeIndex*/)
+		comm2, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(t.Context(), st, 1 /*slot*/, 1 /*committeeIndex*/)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		att2 := util.HydrateAttestation(&ethpb.Attestation{
 			AggregationBits: bitfield.NewBitlist(uint64(len(comm2))),
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ func TestRetrieveAttestationSignatureSet_VerifiesMultipleAttestations(t *testing
 		require.NoError(t, st.SetSlot(5))
 		require.NoError(t, st.SetValidators(validators))

-		comm1, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(context.Background(), st, 1 /*slot*/, 0 /*committeeIndex*/)
+		comm1, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(t.Context(), st, 1 /*slot*/, 0 /*committeeIndex*/)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		commBits1 := primitives.NewAttestationCommitteeBits()
 		commBits1.SetBitAt(0, true)
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ func TestRetrieveAttestationSignatureSet_VerifiesMultipleAttestations(t *testing
 		}
 		att1.Signature = bls.AggregateSignatures(sigs).Marshal()

-		comm2, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(context.Background(), st, 1 /*slot*/, 1 /*committeeIndex*/)
+		comm2, err := helpers.BeaconCommitteeFromState(t.Context(), st, 1 /*slot*/, 1 /*committeeIndex*/)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		commBits2 := primitives.NewAttestationCommitteeBits()
 		commBits2.SetBitAt(1, true)
@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ func TestRetrieveAttestationSignatureSet_VerifiesMultipleAttestations(t *testing
 }

 func TestRetrieveAttestationSignatureSet_AcrossFork(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	numOfValidators := uint64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch.Mul(4))
 	validators := make([]*ethpb.Validator, numOfValidators)
 	_, keys, err := util.DeterministicDepositsAndKeys(numOfValidators)
--- a/beacon-chain/core/blocks/attester_slashing_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/blocks/attester_slashing_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blocks_test

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ func TestProcessAttesterSlashings_DataNotSlashable(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, s := range b.Block.Body.AttesterSlashings {
 		ss[i] = s
 	}
-	_, err = blocks.ProcessAttesterSlashings(context.Background(), beaconState, ss, v.SlashValidator)
+	_, err = blocks.ProcessAttesterSlashings(t.Context(), beaconState, ss, v.SlashValidator)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, "attestations are not slashable", err)
 }

@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ func TestProcessAttesterSlashings_IndexedAttestationFailedToVerify(t *testing.T)
 	for i, s := range b.Block.Body.AttesterSlashings {
 		ss[i] = s
 	}
-	_, err = blocks.ProcessAttesterSlashings(context.Background(), beaconState, ss, v.SlashValidator)
+	_, err = blocks.ProcessAttesterSlashings(t.Context(), beaconState, ss, v.SlashValidator)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, "validator indices count exceeds MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE", err)
 }

@@ -244,7 +243,7 @@ func TestProcessAttesterSlashings_AppliesCorrectStatus(t *testing.T) {
 			currentSlot := 2 * params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch
 			require.NoError(t, tc.st.SetSlot(currentSlot))

-			newState, err := blocks.ProcessAttesterSlashings(context.Background(), tc.st, []ethpb.AttSlashing{tc.slashing}, v.SlashValidator)
+			newState, err := blocks.ProcessAttesterSlashings(t.Context(), tc.st, []ethpb.AttSlashing{tc.slashing}, v.SlashValidator)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			newRegistry := newState.Validators()

--- a/beacon-chain/core/blocks/block_operations_fuzz_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/blocks/block_operations_fuzz_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blocks

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"

 	v "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/validators"
@@ -11,13 +10,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
 	ethpb "github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/proto/prysm/v1alpha1"
+	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/fuzz"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/testing/require"
-	fuzz "github.com/google/gofuzz"
+	gofuzz "github.com/google/gofuzz"
 )

 func TestFuzzProcessAttestationNoVerify_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconState{}
 	att := &ethpb.Attestation{}

@@ -28,11 +28,12 @@ func TestFuzzProcessAttestationNoVerify_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		_, err = ProcessAttestationNoVerifySignature(ctx, s, att)
 		_ = err
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

 func TestFuzzProcessBlockHeader_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconState{}
 	block := &ethpb.SignedBeaconBlock{}

@@ -47,13 +48,14 @@ func TestFuzzProcessBlockHeader_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(block)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		_, err = ProcessBlockHeader(context.Background(), s, wsb)
+		_, err = ProcessBlockHeader(t.Context(), s, wsb)
 		_ = err
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

 func TestFuzzverifyDepositDataSigningRoot_10000(_ *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	var ba []byte
 	var pubkey [fieldparams.BLSPubkeyLength]byte
 	var sig [96]byte
@@ -77,14 +79,14 @@ func TestFuzzverifyDepositDataSigningRoot_10000(_ *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestFuzzProcessEth1DataInBlock_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	e := &ethpb.Eth1Data{}
 	state, err := state_native.InitializeFromProtoUnsafePhase0(&ethpb.BeaconState{})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(state)
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(e)
-		s, err := ProcessEth1DataInBlock(context.Background(), state, e)
+		s, err := ProcessEth1DataInBlock(t.Context(), state, e)
 		if err != nil && s != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("state should be nil on err. found: %v on error: %v for state: %v and eth1data: %v", s, err, state, e)
 		}
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ func TestFuzzProcessEth1DataInBlock_10000(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestFuzzareEth1DataEqual_10000(_ *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	eth1data := &ethpb.Eth1Data{}
 	eth1data2 := &ethpb.Eth1Data{}

@@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ func TestFuzzareEth1DataEqual_10000(_ *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestFuzzEth1DataHasEnoughSupport_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	eth1data := &ethpb.Eth1Data{}
 	var stateVotes []*ethpb.Eth1Data
 	for i := 0; i < 100000; i++ {
@@ -122,7 +124,7 @@ func TestFuzzEth1DataHasEnoughSupport_10000(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestFuzzProcessBlockHeaderNoVerify_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconState{}
 	block := &ethpb.BeaconBlock{}

@@ -131,13 +133,14 @@ func TestFuzzProcessBlockHeaderNoVerify_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(block)
 		s, err := state_native.InitializeFromProtoUnsafePhase0(state)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		_, err = ProcessBlockHeaderNoVerify(context.Background(), s, block.Slot, block.ProposerIndex, block.ParentRoot, []byte{})
+		_, err = ProcessBlockHeaderNoVerify(t.Context(), s, block.Slot, block.ProposerIndex, block.ParentRoot, []byte{})
 		_ = err
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

 func TestFuzzProcessRandao_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconState{}
 	b := &ethpb.SignedBeaconBlock{}

@@ -151,15 +154,16 @@ func TestFuzzProcessRandao_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		wsb, err := blocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		r, err := ProcessRandao(context.Background(), s, wsb)
+		r, err := ProcessRandao(t.Context(), s, wsb)
 		if err != nil && r != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("return value should be nil on err. found: %v on error: %v for state: %v and block: %v", r, err, state, b)
 		}
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

 func TestFuzzProcessRandaoNoVerify_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconState{}
 	blockBody := &ethpb.BeaconBlockBody{}

@@ -172,14 +176,15 @@ func TestFuzzProcessRandaoNoVerify_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil && r != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("return value should be nil on err. found: %v on error: %v for state: %v and block: %v", r, err, state, blockBody)
 		}
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

 func TestFuzzProcessProposerSlashings_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconState{}
 	p := &ethpb.ProposerSlashing{}
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(state)
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(p)
@@ -189,11 +194,12 @@ func TestFuzzProcessProposerSlashings_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil && r != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("return value should be nil on err. found: %v on error: %v for state: %v and slashing: %v", r, err, state, p)
 		}
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

 func TestFuzzVerifyProposerSlashing_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconState{}
 	proposerSlashing := &ethpb.ProposerSlashing{}
 	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
@@ -203,14 +209,15 @@ func TestFuzzVerifyProposerSlashing_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		err = VerifyProposerSlashing(s, proposerSlashing)
 		_ = err
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

 func TestFuzzProcessAttesterSlashings_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconState{}
 	a := &ethpb.AttesterSlashing{}
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(state)
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(a)
@@ -220,14 +227,15 @@ func TestFuzzProcessAttesterSlashings_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil && r != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("return value should be nil on err. found: %v on error: %v for state: %v and slashing: %v", r, err, state, a)
 		}
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

 func TestFuzzVerifyAttesterSlashing_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconState{}
 	attesterSlashing := &ethpb.AttesterSlashing{}
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(state)
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(attesterSlashing)
@@ -235,11 +243,12 @@ func TestFuzzVerifyAttesterSlashing_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		err = VerifyAttesterSlashing(ctx, s, attesterSlashing)
 		_ = err
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

 func TestFuzzIsSlashableAttestationData_10000(_ *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	attestationData := &ethpb.AttestationData{}
 	attestationData2 := &ethpb.AttestationData{}

@@ -251,7 +260,7 @@ func TestFuzzIsSlashableAttestationData_10000(_ *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestFuzzslashableAttesterIndices_10000(_ *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	attesterSlashing := &ethpb.AttesterSlashing{}

 	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
@@ -261,10 +270,10 @@ func TestFuzzslashableAttesterIndices_10000(_ *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestFuzzProcessAttestationsNoVerify_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconState{}
 	b := &ethpb.SignedBeaconBlock{}
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(state)
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(b)
@@ -279,14 +288,15 @@ func TestFuzzProcessAttestationsNoVerify_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil && r != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("return value should be nil on err. found: %v on error: %v for state: %v and block: %v", r, err, state, b)
 		}
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

 func TestFuzzVerifyIndexedAttestationn_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconState{}
 	idxAttestation := &ethpb.IndexedAttestation{}
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(state)
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(idxAttestation)
@@ -294,11 +304,12 @@ func TestFuzzVerifyIndexedAttestationn_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		err = VerifyIndexedAttestation(ctx, s, idxAttestation)
 		_ = err
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

 func TestFuzzverifyDeposit_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconState{}
 	deposit := &ethpb.Deposit{}
 	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
@@ -312,10 +323,10 @@ func TestFuzzverifyDeposit_10000(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestFuzzProcessVoluntaryExits_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconState{}
 	e := &ethpb.SignedVoluntaryExit{}
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(state)
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(e)
@@ -325,11 +336,12 @@ func TestFuzzProcessVoluntaryExits_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil && r != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("return value should be nil on err. found: %v on error: %v for state: %v and exit: %v", r, err, state, e)
 		}
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

 func TestFuzzProcessVoluntaryExitsNoVerify_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	state := &ethpb.BeaconState{}
 	e := &ethpb.SignedVoluntaryExit{}
 	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
@@ -337,15 +349,16 @@ func TestFuzzProcessVoluntaryExitsNoVerify_10000(t *testing.T) {
 		fuzzer.Fuzz(e)
 		s, err := state_native.InitializeFromProtoUnsafePhase0(state)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		r, err := ProcessVoluntaryExits(context.Background(), s, []*ethpb.SignedVoluntaryExit{e})
+		r, err := ProcessVoluntaryExits(t.Context(), s, []*ethpb.SignedVoluntaryExit{e})
 		if err != nil && r != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("return value should be nil on err. found: %v on error: %v for state: %v and block: %v", r, err, state, e)
 		}
+		fuzz.FreeMemory(i)
 	}
 }

 func TestFuzzVerifyExit_10000(t *testing.T) {
-	fuzzer := fuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
+	fuzzer := gofuzz.NewWithSeed(0)
 	ve := &ethpb.SignedVoluntaryExit{}
 	rawVal := &ethpb.Validator{}
 	fork := &ethpb.Fork{}
--- a/beacon-chain/core/blocks/block_regression_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/blocks/block_regression_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blocks_test

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ func TestProcessAttesterSlashings_RegressionSlashableIndices(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, s := range b.Block.Body.AttesterSlashings {
 		ss[i] = s
 	}
-	newState, err := blocks.ProcessAttesterSlashings(context.Background(), beaconState, ss, v.SlashValidator)
+	newState, err := blocks.ProcessAttesterSlashings(t.Context(), beaconState, ss, v.SlashValidator)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	newRegistry := newState.Validators()
 	if !newRegistry[expectedSlashedVal].Slashed {
--- a/beacon-chain/core/blocks/deposit_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/blocks/deposit_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blocks_test

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ func TestBatchVerifyDepositsSignatures_Ok(t *testing.T) {

 	deposit.Proof = proof
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	verified, err := blocks.BatchVerifyDepositsSignatures(context.Background(), []*ethpb.Deposit{deposit})
+	verified, err := blocks.BatchVerifyDepositsSignatures(t.Context(), []*ethpb.Deposit{deposit})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, true, verified)
 }
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ func TestBatchVerifyDepositsSignatures_InvalidSignature(t *testing.T) {

 	deposit.Proof = proof
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	verified, err := blocks.BatchVerifyDepositsSignatures(context.Background(), []*ethpb.Deposit{deposit})
+	verified, err := blocks.BatchVerifyDepositsSignatures(t.Context(), []*ethpb.Deposit{deposit})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, false, verified)
 }
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ func TestBatchVerifyPendingDepositsSignatures_Ok(t *testing.T) {
 	sig2 := sk2.Sign(sr2[:])
 	pendingDeposit2.Signature = sig2.Marshal()

-	verified, err := blocks.BatchVerifyPendingDepositsSignatures(context.Background(), []*ethpb.PendingDeposit{pendingDeposit, pendingDeposit2})
+	verified, err := blocks.BatchVerifyPendingDepositsSignatures(t.Context(), []*ethpb.PendingDeposit{pendingDeposit, pendingDeposit2})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, true, verified)
 }
@@ -175,7 +174,7 @@ func TestBatchVerifyPendingDepositsSignatures_InvalidSignature(t *testing.T) {
 		WithdrawalCredentials: make([]byte, 32),
 		Signature:             make([]byte, 96),
 	}
-	verified, err := blocks.BatchVerifyPendingDepositsSignatures(context.Background(), []*ethpb.PendingDeposit{pendingDeposit})
+	verified, err := blocks.BatchVerifyPendingDepositsSignatures(t.Context(), []*ethpb.PendingDeposit{pendingDeposit})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, false, verified)
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/core/blocks/eth1_data_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/blocks/eth1_data_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blocks_test

 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"

@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ func TestProcessEth1Data_SetsCorrectly(t *testing.T) {

 	period := uint64(params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch.Mul(uint64(params.BeaconConfig().EpochsPerEth1VotingPeriod)))
 	for i := uint64(0); i < period; i++ {
-		processedState, err := blocks.ProcessEth1DataInBlock(context.Background(), beaconState, b.Block.Body.Eth1Data)
+		processedState, err := blocks.ProcessEth1DataInBlock(t.Context(), beaconState, b.Block.Body.Eth1Data)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.Equal(t, true, processedState.Version() == version.Phase0)
 	}
--- a/beacon-chain/core/blocks/exit_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/blocks/exit_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blocks_test

 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/beacon-chain/core/blocks"
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ func TestProcessVoluntaryExits_NotActiveLongEnoughToExit(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	want := "validator has not been active long enough to exit"
-	_, err = blocks.ProcessVoluntaryExits(context.Background(), state, b.Block.Body.VoluntaryExits)
+	_, err = blocks.ProcessVoluntaryExits(t.Context(), state, b.Block.Body.VoluntaryExits)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 }

@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ func TestProcessVoluntaryExits_ExitAlreadySubmitted(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	want := "validator with index 0 has already submitted an exit, which will take place at epoch: 10"
-	_, err = blocks.ProcessVoluntaryExits(context.Background(), state, b.Block.Body.VoluntaryExits)
+	_, err = blocks.ProcessVoluntaryExits(t.Context(), state, b.Block.Body.VoluntaryExits)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 }

@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@ func TestProcessVoluntaryExits_AppliesCorrectStatus(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}

-	newState, err := blocks.ProcessVoluntaryExits(context.Background(), state, b.Block.Body.VoluntaryExits)
+	newState, err := blocks.ProcessVoluntaryExits(t.Context(), state, b.Block.Body.VoluntaryExits)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Could not process exits")
 	newRegistry := newState.Validators()
 	if newRegistry[0].ExitEpoch != helpers.ActivationExitEpoch(primitives.Epoch(state.Slot()/params.BeaconConfig().SlotsPerEpoch)) {
--- a/beacon-chain/core/blocks/header_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/blocks/header_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blocks_test

 import (
-	"context"
 	"io"
 	"testing"

@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ func TestProcessBlockHeader_ImproperBlockSlot(t *testing.T) {
 	currentEpoch := time.CurrentEpoch(state)
 	priv, err := bls.RandKey()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	pID, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(context.Background(), state)
+	pID, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(t.Context(), state)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	block := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	block.Block.ProposerIndex = pID
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ func TestProcessBlockHeader_ImproperBlockSlot(t *testing.T) {
 	block.Signature, err = signing.ComputeDomainAndSign(state, currentEpoch, block.Block, params.BeaconConfig().DomainBeaconProposer, priv)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	proposerIdx, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(context.Background(), state)
+	proposerIdx, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(t.Context(), state)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	validators[proposerIdx].Slashed = false
 	validators[proposerIdx].PublicKey = priv.PublicKey().Marshal()
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ func TestProcessBlockHeader_ImproperBlockSlot(t *testing.T) {

 	wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(block)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = blocks.ProcessBlockHeader(context.Background(), state, wsb)
+	_, err = blocks.ProcessBlockHeader(t.Context(), state, wsb)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, "block.Slot 10 must be greater than state.LatestBlockHeader.Slot 10", err)
 }

@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ func TestProcessBlockHeader_WrongProposerSig(t *testing.T) {
 	lbhdr, err := beaconState.LatestBlockHeader().HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	proposerIdx, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(context.Background(), beaconState)
+	proposerIdx, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(t.Context(), beaconState)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	block := util.NewBeaconBlock()
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ func TestProcessBlockHeader_WrongProposerSig(t *testing.T) {

 	wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(block)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = blocks.ProcessBlockHeader(context.Background(), beaconState, wsb)
+	_, err = blocks.ProcessBlockHeader(t.Context(), beaconState, wsb)
 	want := "signature did not verify"
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 }
@@ -142,7 +141,7 @@ func TestProcessBlockHeader_DifferentSlots(t *testing.T) {

 	wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(block)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = blocks.ProcessBlockHeader(context.Background(), state, wsb)
+	_, err = blocks.ProcessBlockHeader(t.Context(), state, wsb)
 	want := "is different than block slot"
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 }
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@ func TestProcessBlockHeader_PreviousBlockRootNotSignedRoot(t *testing.T) {
 	blockSig, err := signing.ComputeDomainAndSign(state, currentEpoch, &sszBytes, params.BeaconConfig().DomainBeaconProposer, priv)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	validators[5896].PublicKey = priv.PublicKey().Marshal()
-	pID, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(context.Background(), state)
+	pID, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(t.Context(), state)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	block := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	block.Block.Slot = 10
@@ -183,7 +182,7 @@ func TestProcessBlockHeader_PreviousBlockRootNotSignedRoot(t *testing.T) {

 	wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(block)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = blocks.ProcessBlockHeader(context.Background(), state, wsb)
+	_, err = blocks.ProcessBlockHeader(t.Context(), state, wsb)
 	want := "does not match"
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 }
@@ -216,7 +215,7 @@ func TestProcessBlockHeader_SlashedProposer(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	validators[12683].PublicKey = priv.PublicKey().Marshal()
-	pID, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(context.Background(), state)
+	pID, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(t.Context(), state)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	block := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	block.Block.Slot = 10
@@ -227,7 +226,7 @@ func TestProcessBlockHeader_SlashedProposer(t *testing.T) {

 	wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(block)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = blocks.ProcessBlockHeader(context.Background(), state, wsb)
+	_, err = blocks.ProcessBlockHeader(t.Context(), state, wsb)
 	want := "was previously slashed"
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 }
@@ -257,7 +256,7 @@ func TestProcessBlockHeader_OK(t *testing.T) {
 	currentEpoch := time.CurrentEpoch(state)
 	priv, err := bls.RandKey()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	pID, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(context.Background(), state)
+	pID, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(t.Context(), state)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	block := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	block.Block.ProposerIndex = pID
@@ -269,7 +268,7 @@ func TestProcessBlockHeader_OK(t *testing.T) {
 	bodyRoot, err := block.Block.Body.HashTreeRoot()
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to hash block bytes got")

-	proposerIdx, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(context.Background(), state)
+	proposerIdx, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(t.Context(), state)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	validators[proposerIdx].Slashed = false
 	validators[proposerIdx].PublicKey = priv.PublicKey().Marshal()
@@ -278,7 +277,7 @@ func TestProcessBlockHeader_OK(t *testing.T) {

 	wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(block)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	newState, err := blocks.ProcessBlockHeader(context.Background(), state, wsb)
+	newState, err := blocks.ProcessBlockHeader(t.Context(), state, wsb)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to process block header got")
 	var zeroHash [32]byte
 	nsh := newState.LatestBlockHeader()
@@ -318,7 +317,7 @@ func TestBlockSignatureSet_OK(t *testing.T) {
 	currentEpoch := time.CurrentEpoch(state)
 	priv, err := bls.RandKey()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	pID, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(context.Background(), state)
+	pID, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(t.Context(), state)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	block := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	block.Block.Slot = 10
@@ -327,7 +326,7 @@ func TestBlockSignatureSet_OK(t *testing.T) {
 	block.Block.ParentRoot = latestBlockSignedRoot[:]
 	block.Signature, err = signing.ComputeDomainAndSign(state, currentEpoch, block.Block, params.BeaconConfig().DomainBeaconProposer, priv)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	proposerIdx, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(context.Background(), state)
+	proposerIdx, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(t.Context(), state)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	validators[proposerIdx].Slashed = false
 	validators[proposerIdx].PublicKey = priv.PublicKey().Marshal()
--- a/beacon-chain/core/blocks/payload.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/blocks/payload.go
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/blocks"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/interfaces"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/consensus-types/primitives"
-	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/encoding/bytesutil"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/runtime/version"
 	"github.com/OffchainLabs/prysm/v6/time/slots"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
@@ -230,26 +229,16 @@ func verifyBlobCommitmentCount(slot primitives.Slot, body interfaces.ReadOnlyBea
 	if body.Version() < version.Deneb {
 		return nil
 	}
+
 	kzgs, err := body.BlobKzgCommitments()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	maxBlobsPerBlock := params.BeaconConfig().MaxBlobsPerBlock(slot)
-	if len(kzgs) > maxBlobsPerBlock {
-		return fmt.Errorf("too many kzg commitments in block: %d", len(kzgs))
+
+	commitmentCount, maxBlobsPerBlock := len(kzgs), params.BeaconConfig().MaxBlobsPerBlock(slot)
+	if commitmentCount > maxBlobsPerBlock {
+		return fmt.Errorf("too many kzg commitments in block: actual count %d - max allowed %d", commitmentCount, maxBlobsPerBlock)
 	}
+
 	return nil
 }
-
-// GetBlockPayloadHash returns the hash of the execution payload of the block
-func GetBlockPayloadHash(blk interfaces.ReadOnlyBeaconBlock) ([32]byte, error) {
-	var payloadHash [32]byte
-	if IsPreBellatrixVersion(blk.Version()) {
-		return payloadHash, nil
-	}
-	payload, err := blk.Body().Execution()
-	if err != nil {
-		return payloadHash, err
-	}
-	return bytesutil.ToBytes32(payload.BlockHash()), nil
-}
--- a/beacon-chain/core/blocks/payload_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/blocks/payload_test.go
@@ -926,8 +926,10 @@ func TestVerifyBlobCommitmentCount(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, blocks.VerifyBlobCommitmentCount(rb.Slot(), rb.Body()))

-	b = &ethpb.BeaconBlockDeneb{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBodyDeneb{BlobKzgCommitments: make([][]byte, params.BeaconConfig().MaxBlobsPerBlock(rb.Slot())+1)}}
+	maxCommitmentsPerBlock := params.BeaconConfig().MaxBlobsPerBlock(rb.Slot())
+
+	b = &ethpb.BeaconBlockDeneb{Body: &ethpb.BeaconBlockBodyDeneb{BlobKzgCommitments: make([][]byte, maxCommitmentsPerBlock+1)}}
 	rb, err = consensusblocks.NewBeaconBlock(b)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.ErrorContains(t, fmt.Sprintf("too many kzg commitments in block: %d", params.BeaconConfig().MaxBlobsPerBlock(rb.Slot())+1), blocks.VerifyBlobCommitmentCount(rb.Slot(), rb.Body()))
+	require.ErrorContains(t, fmt.Sprintf("too many kzg commitments in block: actual count %d - max allowed %d", maxCommitmentsPerBlock+1, maxCommitmentsPerBlock), blocks.VerifyBlobCommitmentCount(rb.Slot(), rb.Body()))
 }
--- a/beacon-chain/core/blocks/proposer_slashing_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/blocks/proposer_slashing_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blocks_test

 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"

@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ func TestProcessProposerSlashings_UnmatchedHeaderSlots(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	want := "mismatched header slots"
-	_, err := blocks.ProcessProposerSlashings(context.Background(), beaconState, b.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings, v.SlashValidator)
+	_, err := blocks.ProcessProposerSlashings(t.Context(), beaconState, b.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings, v.SlashValidator)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 }

@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ func TestProcessProposerSlashings_SameHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	want := "expected slashing headers to differ"
-	_, err := blocks.ProcessProposerSlashings(context.Background(), beaconState, b.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings, v.SlashValidator)
+	_, err := blocks.ProcessProposerSlashings(t.Context(), beaconState, b.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings, v.SlashValidator)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 }

@@ -134,7 +133,7 @@ func TestProcessProposerSlashings_ValidatorNotSlashable(t *testing.T) {
 		"validator with key %#x is not slashable",
 		bytesutil.ToBytes48(beaconState.Validators()[0].PublicKey),
 	)
-	_, err = blocks.ProcessProposerSlashings(context.Background(), beaconState, b.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings, v.SlashValidator)
+	_, err = blocks.ProcessProposerSlashings(t.Context(), beaconState, b.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings, v.SlashValidator)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 }

@@ -173,7 +172,7 @@ func TestProcessProposerSlashings_AppliesCorrectStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	block := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	block.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings = slashings

-	newState, err := blocks.ProcessProposerSlashings(context.Background(), beaconState, block.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings, v.SlashValidator)
+	newState, err := blocks.ProcessProposerSlashings(t.Context(), beaconState, block.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings, v.SlashValidator)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	newStateVals := newState.Validators()
@@ -221,7 +220,7 @@ func TestProcessProposerSlashings_AppliesCorrectStatusAltair(t *testing.T) {
 	block := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	block.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings = slashings

-	newState, err := blocks.ProcessProposerSlashings(context.Background(), beaconState, block.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings, v.SlashValidator)
+	newState, err := blocks.ProcessProposerSlashings(t.Context(), beaconState, block.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings, v.SlashValidator)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	newStateVals := newState.Validators()
@@ -269,7 +268,7 @@ func TestProcessProposerSlashings_AppliesCorrectStatusBellatrix(t *testing.T) {
 	block := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	block.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings = slashings

-	newState, err := blocks.ProcessProposerSlashings(context.Background(), beaconState, block.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings, v.SlashValidator)
+	newState, err := blocks.ProcessProposerSlashings(t.Context(), beaconState, block.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings, v.SlashValidator)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	newStateVals := newState.Validators()
@@ -317,7 +316,7 @@ func TestProcessProposerSlashings_AppliesCorrectStatusCapella(t *testing.T) {
 	block := util.NewBeaconBlock()
 	block.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings = slashings

-	newState, err := blocks.ProcessProposerSlashings(context.Background(), beaconState, block.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings, v.SlashValidator)
+	newState, err := blocks.ProcessProposerSlashings(t.Context(), beaconState, block.Block.Body.ProposerSlashings, v.SlashValidator)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	newStateVals := newState.Validators()
--- a/beacon-chain/core/blocks/randao_test.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/blocks/randao_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blocks_test

 import (
-	"context"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"testing"

@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 func TestProcessRandao_IncorrectProposerFailsVerification(t *testing.T) {
 	beaconState, privKeys := util.DeterministicGenesisState(t, 100)
 	// We fetch the proposer's index as that is whom the RANDAO will be verified against.
-	proposerIdx, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(context.Background(), beaconState)
+	proposerIdx, err := helpers.BeaconProposerIndex(t.Context(), beaconState)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	epoch := primitives.Epoch(0)
 	buf := make([]byte, 32)
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ func TestProcessRandao_IncorrectProposerFailsVerification(t *testing.T) {
 	want := "block randao: signature did not verify"
 	wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = blocks.ProcessRandao(context.Background(), beaconState, wsb)
+	_, err = blocks.ProcessRandao(t.Context(), beaconState, wsb)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, want, err)
 }

@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ func TestProcessRandao_SignatureVerifiesAndUpdatesLatestStateMixes(t *testing.T)
 	wsb, err := consensusblocks.NewSignedBeaconBlock(b)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	newState, err := blocks.ProcessRandao(
-		context.Background(),
+		t.Context(),
 		beaconState,
 		wsb,
 	)
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ func TestRandaoSignatureSet_OK(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}

-	set, err := blocks.RandaoSignatureBatch(context.Background(), beaconState, block.Body.RandaoReveal)
+	set, err := blocks.RandaoSignatureBatch(t.Context(), beaconState, block.Body.RandaoReveal)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	verified, err := set.Verify()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
--- a/beacon-chain/core/blocks/signature.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/blocks/signature.go
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ func createAttestationSignatureBatch(
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		if err := attestation.IsValidAttestationIndices(ctx, ia); err != nil {
+		if err := attestation.IsValidAttestationIndices(ctx, ia, params.BeaconConfig().MaxValidatorsPerCommittee, params.BeaconConfig().MaxCommitteesPerSlot); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		indices := ia.GetAttestingIndices()
--- a/beacon-chain/core/capella/upgrade.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/capella/upgrade.go
@@ -42,12 +42,8 @@ func UpgradeToCapella(state state.BeaconState) (state.BeaconState, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}

-	hrs, err := state.HistoricalRoots()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
 	s := &ethpb.BeaconStateCapella{
-		GenesisTime:           state.GenesisTime(),
+		GenesisTime:           uint64(state.GenesisTime().Unix()),
 		GenesisValidatorsRoot: state.GenesisValidatorsRoot(),
 		Slot:                  state.Slot(),
 		Fork: &ethpb.Fork{
@@ -58,7 +54,7 @@ func UpgradeToCapella(state state.BeaconState) (state.BeaconState, error) {
 		LatestBlockHeader:           state.LatestBlockHeader(),
 		BlockRoots:                  state.BlockRoots(),
 		StateRoots:                  state.StateRoots(),
-		HistoricalRoots:             hrs,
+		HistoricalRoots:             state.HistoricalRoots(),
 		Eth1Data:                    state.Eth1Data(),
 		Eth1DataVotes:               state.Eth1DataVotes(),
 		Eth1DepositIndex:            state.Eth1DepositIndex(),
--- a/beacon-chain/core/deneb/upgrade.go
+++ b/beacon-chain/core/deneb/upgrade.go
@@ -57,13 +57,9 @@ func UpgradeToDeneb(state state.BeaconState) (state.BeaconState, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	historicalRoots, err := state.HistoricalRoots()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}

 	s := &ethpb.BeaconStateDeneb{
-		GenesisTime:           state.GenesisTime(),
+		GenesisTime:           uint64(state.GenesisTime().Unix()),
 		GenesisValidatorsRoot: state.GenesisValidatorsRoot(),
 		Slot:                  state.Slot(),
 		Fork: &ethpb.Fork{
@@ -74,7 +70,7 @@ func UpgradeToDeneb(state state.BeaconState) (state.BeaconState, error) {
 		LatestBlockHeader:           state.LatestBlockHeader(),
 		BlockRoots:                  state.BlockRoots(),
 		StateRoots:                  state.StateRoots(),
-		HistoricalRoots:             historicalRoots,
+		HistoricalRoots:             state.HistoricalRoots(),
 		Eth1Data:                    state.Eth1Data(),
 		Eth1DataVotes:               state.Eth1DataVotes(),
 		Eth1DepositIndex:            state.Eth1DepositIndex(),
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More