Fix: Remove remaining subscription-related mock handlers

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Engel Nyst <engel.nyst@gmail.com>

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_template.yml

@@ -5,52 +5,113 @@ labels: ['bug']
 body:
   - type: markdown
     attributes:
-      value: Thank you for taking the time to fill out this bug report. Please provide as much information as possible
-       to help us understand and address the issue effectively.
+      value: |
+        ## Thank you for reporting a bug! 🐛
+
+        **Please fill out all required fields.** Issues missing critical information (version, installation method, reproduction steps, etc.) will be delayed or closed until complete details are provided.
+
+        Clear, detailed reports help us resolve issues faster.
 
   - type: checkboxes
     attributes:
-      label: Is there an existing issue for the same bug? (If one exists, thumbs up or comment on the issue instead).
-      description: Please check if an issue already exists for the bug you encountered.
+      label: Is there an existing issue for the same bug?
+      description: Please search existing issues before creating a new one. If found, react or comment to the duplicate issue instead of making a new one.
       options:
-      - label: I have checked the existing issues.
+      - label: I have searched existing issues and this is not a duplicate.
         required: true
 
   - type: textarea
     id: bug-description
     attributes:
-      label: Describe the bug and reproduction steps
-      description: Provide a description of the issue along with any reproduction steps.
+      label: Bug Description
+      description: Clearly describe what went wrong. Be specific and concise.
+      placeholder: Example - "When I run a Python task, OpenHands crashes after 30 seconds with a connection timeout error."
     validations:
       required: true
 
+  - type: textarea
+    id: expected-behavior
+    attributes:
+      label: Expected Behavior
+      description: What did you expect to happen?
+      placeholder: Example - "OpenHands should execute the Python script and return results."
+    validations:
+      required: false
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: actual-behavior
+    attributes:
+      label: Actual Behavior
+      description: What actually happened?
+      placeholder: Example - "Connection timed out after 30 seconds, task failed with error code 500."
+    validations:
+      required: false
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: reproduction-steps
+    attributes:
+      label: Steps to Reproduce
+      description: Provide clear, step-by-step instructions to reproduce the bug.
+      placeholder: |
+        1. Install OpenHands using Docker
+        2. Configure with Claude 3.5 Sonnet
+        3. Run command: `openhands run "write a python script"`
+        4. Wait 30 seconds
+        5. Error appears
+    validations:
+      required: false
+
   - type: dropdown
     id: installation
     attributes:
-      label: OpenHands Installation
+      label: OpenHands Installation Method
       description: How are you running OpenHands?
       options:
-        - Docker command in README
-        - GitHub resolver
+        - CLI (uv tool install)
+        - CLI (executable binary)
+        - CLI (Docker)
+        - Local GUI (Docker web interface)
+        - OpenHands Cloud (app.all-hands.dev)
+        - SDK (Python library)
         - Development workflow
-        - CLI
-        - app.all-hands.dev
         - Other
       default: 0
+    validations:
+      required: false
+
+  - type: input
+    id: installation-other
+    attributes:
+      label: If you selected "Other", please specify
+      description: Describe your installation method
+      placeholder: ex. Custom Kubernetes deployment, pip install from source, etc.
 
   - type: input
     id: openhands-version
     attributes:
       label: OpenHands Version
-      description: What version of OpenHands are you using?
-      placeholder: ex. 0.9.8, main, etc.
+      description: What version are you using? Find this in settings or by running `openhands --version`
+      placeholder: ex. 0.9.8, main, commit hash, etc.
+    validations:
+      required: false
+
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: version-confirmation
+    attributes:
+      label: Version Confirmation
+      description: Bugs on older versions may already be fixed. Please upgrade before submitting.
+      options:
+        - label: "I have confirmed this bug exists on the LATEST version of OpenHands"
+          required: false
 
   - type: input
     id: model-name
     attributes:
       label: Model Name
-      description: What model are you using?
-      placeholder: ex. gpt-4o, claude-3-5-sonnet, openrouter/deepseek-r1, etc.
+      description: Which LLM model are you using?
+      placeholder: ex. gpt-4o, claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022, openrouter/deepseek-r1, etc.
+    validations:
+      required: false
 
   - type: dropdown
     id: os
@@ -60,12 +121,46 @@ body:
         - MacOS
         - Linux
         - WSL on Windows
+        - Windows (Docker Desktop)
+        - Other
+    validations:
+      required: false
+
+  - type: input
+    id: browser
+    attributes:
+      label: Browser (if using web UI)
+      description: |
+        If applicable, which browser and version?
+
+      placeholder: ex. Chrome 131, Firefox 133, Safari 17.2
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: logs
+    attributes:
+      label: Logs and Error Messages
+      description: |
+        **Paste relevant logs, error messages, or stack traces.** Use code blocks (```) for formatting.
+
+        LLM logs are in `logs/llm/default/`. Include timestamps if errors occurred at a specific time.
+      placeholder: |
+        ```
+        Paste error logs here
+        ```
 
   - type: textarea
     id: additional-context
     attributes:
-      label: Logs, Errors, Screenshots, and Additional Context
-      description: Please provide any additional information you think might help. If you want to share the chat history
-        you can click the thumbs-down (👎) button above the input field and you will get a shareable link
-        (you can also click thumbs up when things are going well of course!). LLM logs will be stored in the
-        `logs/llm/default` folder. Please add any additional context about the problem here.
+      label: Screenshots and Additional Context
+      description: |
+        Add screenshots, videos, runtime environment, or other context that helps explain the issue.
+
+        💡 **Share conversation history:** In the OpenHands chat UI, click the 👎 or 👍 button (above the message input) to generate a shareable link to your conversation.
+
+      placeholder: Drag and drop screenshots here, paste links, or add additional context.
+
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        ---
+        **Note:** Issues with incomplete information may be closed or deprioritized. Maintainers and community members have limited bandwidth and prioritize well-documented bugs that are easier to reproduce and fix. Thank you for your understanding!

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# disable blank issue creation
+blank_issues_enabled: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Feature Request or Enhancement
-about: Suggest an idea for an OpenHands feature or enhancement
-title: ''
-labels: 'enhancement'
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-**What problem or use case are you trying to solve?**
-
-**Describe the UX or technical implementation you have in mind**
-
-**Additional context**
-
-
-### If you find this feature request or enhancement useful, make sure to add a 👍 to the issue

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+name: Feature Request or Enhancement
+description: Suggest a new feature or improvement for OpenHands
+title: '[Feature]: '
+labels: ['enhancement']
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        ## Thank you for suggesting a feature! 💡
+
+        **Please provide detailed information.** Vague or low-effort requests may be closed. Well-documented feature requests with strong community support are more likely to be added to the roadmap.
+
+  - type: checkboxes
+    attributes:
+      label: Is there an existing feature request for this?
+      description: Please search existing issues and feature requests before creating a new one. If found, react or comment to the duplicate issue instead of making a new one.
+      options:
+      - label: I have searched existing issues and feature requests, and this is not a duplicate.
+        required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: problem-statement
+    attributes:
+      label: Problem or Use Case
+      description: What problem are you trying to solve? What use case would this feature enable?
+      placeholder: |
+        Example - "As a developer working on large codebases, I need to search across multiple files simultaneously. Currently, I have to search file-by-file which is time-consuming and inefficient."
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: proposed-solution
+    attributes:
+      label: Proposed Solution
+      description: Describe your ideal solution. What should this feature do? How should it work?
+      placeholder: |
+        Example - "Add a global search feature that allows searching across all files in the workspace. Results should show file name, line number, and context around matches. Include regex support and filtering options."
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: alternatives
+    attributes:
+      label: Alternatives Considered
+      description: Have you considered any alternative solutions or workarounds? What are their limitations?
+      placeholder: Example - "I tried using grep in the terminal, but it's not integrated with the UI and doesn't provide click-to-navigate functionality."
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: priority
+    attributes:
+      label: Priority / Severity
+      description: How important is this feature to your workflow?
+      options:
+        - "Critical - Blocking my work, no workaround available"
+        - "High - Significant impact on productivity"
+        - "Medium - Would improve experience"
+        - "Low - Nice to have"
+      default: 2
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: scope
+    attributes:
+      label: Estimated Scope
+      description: To the best of your knowledge, how complex do you think this feature would be to implement?
+      options:
+        - "Small - UI tweak, config option, or minor change"
+        - "Medium - New feature with moderate complexity"
+        - "Large - Significant feature requiring architecture changes"
+        - "Unknown - Not sure about the technical complexity"
+      default: 3
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: feature-area
+    attributes:
+      label: Feature Area
+      description: Which part of OpenHands does this feature relate to? If you select "Other", please specify the area in the Additional Context section below.
+      options:
+        - "Agent / AI behavior"
+        - "User Interface / UX"
+        - "CLI / Command-line interface"
+        - "File system / Workspace management"
+        - "Configuration / Settings"
+        - "Integrations (GitHub, GitLab, etc.)"
+        - "Performance / Optimization"
+        - "Documentation"
+        - "Other"
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: technical-details
+    attributes:
+      label: Technical Implementation Ideas (Optional)
+      description: If you have technical expertise, share implementation ideas, API suggestions, or relevant technical details.
+      placeholder: |
+        Example - "Could use ripgrep library for fast search. Expose results via /api/search endpoint. Frontend can use virtualized list for rendering large result sets."
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: additional-context
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional Context
+      description: Add any other context, screenshots, mockups, or examples that help illustrate this feature request.
+      placeholder: Drag and drop screenshots, mockups, or links here.

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!-- Ideally you should open a PR when it is ready for review. Draft PRs will not be reviewed -->
+<!-- If you are still working on the PR, please mark it as draft. Maintainers will review PRs marked ready for review, which leads to lost time if your PR is actually not ready yet. Keep the PR marked as draft until it is finally ready for review -->
 
 ## Summary of PR
 

.github/workflows/enterprise-preview.yml

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-# Feature branch preview for enterprise code
-name: Enterprise Preview
-
-# Run on PRs labeled
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    types: [labeled]
-
-# Match ghcr-build.yml, but don't interrupt it.
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ (github.head_ref && github.ref) || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: false
-
-jobs:
-  # This must happen for the PR Docker workflow when the label is present,
-  # and also if it's added after the fact. Thus, it exists in both places.
-  enterprise-preview:
-    name: Enterprise preview
-    if: github.event.label.name == 'deploy'
-    runs-on: blacksmith-4vcpu-ubuntu-2204
-    steps:
-      # This should match the version in ghcr-build.yml
-      - name: Trigger remote job
-        run: |
-          curl --fail-with-body -sS -X POST \
-            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.ALLHANDS_BOT_GITHUB_PAT }}" \
-            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
-            -d "{\"ref\": \"main\", \"inputs\": {\"openhandsPrNumber\": \"${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}\", \"deployEnvironment\": \"feature\", \"enterpriseImageTag\": \"pr-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}\" }}" \
-            https://api.github.com/repos/OpenHands/deploy/actions/workflows/deploy.yaml/dispatches

.github/workflows/ghcr-build.yml

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - main
+      - "saas-rel-*"
     tags:
       - "*"
   pull_request:
@@ -239,21 +240,6 @@ jobs:
           # Add build attestations for better security
           sbom: true
 
-  enterprise-preview:
-    name: Enterprise preview
-    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'deploy')
-    runs-on: blacksmith-4vcpu-ubuntu-2204
-    needs: [ghcr_build_enterprise]
-    steps:
-      # This should match the version in enterprise-preview.yml
-      - name: Trigger remote job
-        run: |
-          curl --fail-with-body -sS -X POST \
-            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.ALLHANDS_BOT_GITHUB_PAT }}" \
-            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
-            -d "{\"ref\": \"main\", \"inputs\": {\"openhandsPrNumber\": \"${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}\", \"deployEnvironment\": \"feature\", \"enterpriseImageTag\": \"pr-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}\" }}" \
-            https://api.github.com/repos/OpenHands/deploy/actions/workflows/deploy.yaml/dispatches
-
   # "All Runtime Tests Passed" is a required job for PRs to merge
   # We can remove this once the config changes
   runtime_tests_check_success:

.github/workflows/pr-review-by-openhands.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+---
+name: PR Review by OpenHands
+
+on:
+    # TEMPORARY MITIGATION (Clinejection hardening)
+    #
+    # We temporarily avoid `pull_request_target` here. We'll restore it after the PR review
+    # workflow is fully hardened for untrusted execution.
+    pull_request:
+        types: [opened, ready_for_review, labeled, review_requested]
+
+permissions:
+    contents: read
+    pull-requests: write
+    issues: write
+
+jobs:
+    pr-review:
+        # Note: fork PRs will not have access to repository secrets under `pull_request`.
+        # Skip forks to avoid noisy failures until we restore a hardened `pull_request_target` flow.
+        if: |
+            github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository &&
+            (
+                (github.event.action == 'opened' && github.event.pull_request.draft == false) ||
+                github.event.action == 'ready_for_review' ||
+                (github.event.action == 'labeled' && github.event.label.name == 'review-this') ||
+                (
+                    github.event.action == 'review_requested' &&
+                    (
+                        github.event.requested_reviewer.login == 'openhands-agent' ||
+                        github.event.requested_reviewer.login == 'all-hands-bot'
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+        concurrency:
+            group: pr-review-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+            cancel-in-progress: true
+        runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+        steps:
+            - name: Run PR Review
+              uses: OpenHands/extensions/plugins/pr-review@main
+              with:
+                  llm-model: litellm_proxy/claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929
+                  llm-base-url: https://llm-proxy.app.all-hands.dev
+                  review-style: roasted
+                  llm-api-key: ${{ secrets.LLM_API_KEY }}
+                  github-token: ${{ secrets.ALLHANDS_BOT_GITHUB_PAT }}
+                  lmnr-api-key: ${{ secrets.LMNR_SKILLS_API_KEY }}

.github/workflows/pr-review-evaluation.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+---
+name: PR Review Evaluation
+
+# This workflow evaluates how well PR review comments were addressed.
+# It runs when a PR is closed to assess review effectiveness.
+#
+# Security note: pull_request_target is safe here because:
+# 1. Only triggers on PR close (not on code changes)
+# 2. Does not checkout PR code - only downloads artifacts from trusted workflow runs
+# 3. Runs evaluation scripts from the extensions repo, not from the PR
+
+on:
+    pull_request_target:
+        types: [closed]
+
+permissions:
+    contents: read
+    pull-requests: read
+
+jobs:
+    evaluate:
+        runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+        env:
+            PR_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+            REPO_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
+            PR_MERGED: ${{ github.event.pull_request.merged }}
+
+        steps:
+            - name: Download review trace artifact
+              id: download-trace
+              uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v6
+              continue-on-error: true
+              with:
+                  workflow: pr-review-by-openhands.yml
+                  name: pr-review-trace-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+                  path: trace-info
+                  search_artifacts: true
+                  if_no_artifact_found: warn
+
+            - name: Check if trace file exists
+              id: check-trace
+              run: |
+                  if [ -f "trace-info/laminar_trace_info.json" ]; then
+                    echo "trace_exists=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+                    echo "Found trace file for PR #$PR_NUMBER"
+                  else
+                    echo "trace_exists=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+                    echo "No trace file found for PR #$PR_NUMBER - skipping evaluation"
+                  fi
+
+            # Always checkout main branch for security - cannot test script changes in PRs
+            - name: Checkout extensions repository
+              if: steps.check-trace.outputs.trace_exists == 'true'
+              uses: actions/checkout@v5
+              with:
+                  repository: OpenHands/extensions
+                  path: extensions
+
+            - name: Set up Python
+              if: steps.check-trace.outputs.trace_exists == 'true'
+              uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+              with:
+                  python-version: '3.12'
+
+            - name: Install dependencies
+              if: steps.check-trace.outputs.trace_exists == 'true'
+              run: pip install lmnr
+
+            - name: Run evaluation
+              if: steps.check-trace.outputs.trace_exists == 'true'
+              env:
+                  # Script expects LMNR_PROJECT_API_KEY; org secret is named LMNR_SKILLS_API_KEY
+                  LMNR_PROJECT_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.LMNR_SKILLS_API_KEY }}
+                  GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+              run: |
+                  python extensions/plugins/pr-review/scripts/evaluate_review.py \
+                      --trace-file trace-info/laminar_trace_info.json
+
+            - name: Upload evaluation logs
+              uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+              if: always() && steps.check-trace.outputs.trace_exists == 'true'
+              with:
+                  name: pr-review-evaluation-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+                  path: '*.log'
+                  retention-days: 30

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -6,11 +6,12 @@ Thanks for your interest in contributing to OpenHands! We welcome and appreciate
 
 To understand the codebase, please refer to the README in each module:
 - [frontend](./frontend/README.md)
-- [evaluation](./evaluation/README.md)
 - [openhands](./openhands/README.md)
    - [agenthub](./openhands/agenthub/README.md)
    - [server](./openhands/server/README.md)
 
+For benchmarks and evaluation, see the [OpenHands/benchmarks](https://github.com/OpenHands/benchmarks) repository.
+
 ## Setting up Your Development Environment
 
 We have a separate doc [Development.md](https://github.com/OpenHands/OpenHands/blob/main/Development.md) that tells

Development.md

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ Here's a guide to the important documentation files in the repository:
 - [/frontend/README.md](./frontend/README.md): Frontend React application setup and development guide
 - [/containers/README.md](./containers/README.md): Information about Docker containers and deployment
 - [/tests/unit/README.md](./tests/unit/README.md): Guide to writing and running unit tests
-- [/evaluation/README.md](./evaluation/README.md): Documentation for the evaluation framework and benchmarks
+- [OpenHands/benchmarks](https://github.com/OpenHands/benchmarks): Documentation for the evaluation framework and benchmarks
 - [/skills/README.md](./skills/README.md): Information about the skills architecture and implementation
 - [/openhands/server/README.md](./openhands/server/README.md): Server implementation details and API documentation
 - [/openhands/runtime/README.md](./openhands/runtime/README.md): Documentation for the runtime environment and execution model

README.md

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ The experience will be familiar to anyone who has used Devin or Jules.
 ### OpenHands Cloud
 This is a deployment of OpenHands GUI, running on hosted infrastructure.
 
-You can try it with a free $10 credit by [signing in with your GitHub or GitLab account](https://app.all-hands.dev).
+You can try it for free using the Minimax model by [signing in with your GitHub or GitLab account](https://app.all-hands.dev).
 
 OpenHands Cloud comes with source-available features and integrations:
 - Integrations with Slack, Jira, and Linear

config.template.toml

@@ -440,12 +440,6 @@ type = "noop"
 #temperature = 0.1
 #max_input_tokens = 1024
 
-#################################### Eval ####################################
-# Configuration for the evaluation, please refer to the specific evaluation
-# plugin for the available options
-##############################################################################
-
-
 ########################### Kubernetes #######################################
 # Kubernetes configuration when using the Kubernetes runtime
 ##############################################################################

enterprise/Dockerfile

@@ -23,12 +23,23 @@ RUN apt-get update && \
     apt-get clean && \
     rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-# Install Python packages with security fixes
-RUN /app/.venv/bin/pip install alembic psycopg2-binary cloud-sql-python-connector pg8000 gspread stripe python-keycloak asyncpg sqlalchemy[asyncio] resend tenacity slack-sdk ddtrace "posthog>=6.0.0" "limits==5.2.0" coredis prometheus-client shap scikit-learn pandas numpy google-cloud-recaptcha-enterprise && \
-    # Update packages with known CVE fixes
-    /app/.venv/bin/pip install --upgrade \
-        "mcp>=1.10.0" \
-        "pillow>=11.3.0"
+# Install poetry and export before importing current code.
+RUN /app/.venv/bin/pip install poetry poetry-plugin-export
+
+# Install Python dependencies from poetry.lock for reproducible builds
+# Copy lock files first for better Docker layer caching
+COPY --chown=openhands:openhands enterprise/pyproject.toml enterprise/poetry.lock /tmp/enterprise/
+RUN cd /tmp/enterprise && \
+    # Export only main dependencies with hashes for supply chain security
+    /app/.venv/bin/poetry export --only main -o requirements.txt && \
+    # Remove the local path dependency (openhands-ai is already in base image)
+    sed -i '/^-e /d; /openhands-ai/d' requirements.txt && \
+    # Install pinned dependencies from lock file
+    /app/.venv/bin/pip install -r requirements.txt && \
+    # Cleanup - return to /app before removing /tmp/enterprise
+    cd /app && \
+    rm -rf /tmp/enterprise && \
+    /app/.venv/bin/pip uninstall -y poetry poetry-plugin-export
 
 WORKDIR /app
 COPY --chown=openhands:openhands --chmod=770 enterprise .

enterprise/doc/design-doc/plugin-launch-flow.md

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+# Plugin Launch Flow
+
+This document describes how plugins are launched in OpenHands Saas / Enterprise, from the plugin directory through to agent execution.
+
+## Architecture Overview
+
+```
+Plugin Directory ──▶ Frontend /launch ──▶ App Server ──▶ Agent Server ──▶ SDK
+    (external)           (modal)           (API)        (in sandbox)    (plugin loading)
+```
+
+| Component | Responsibility |
+|-----------|---------------|
+| **Plugin Directory** | Index plugins, present to user, construct launch URLs |
+| **Frontend** | Display confirmation modal, collect parameters, call API |
+| **App Server** | Validate request, pass plugin specs to agent server |
+| **Agent Server** | Run inside sandbox, delegate plugin loading to SDK |
+| **SDK** | Fetch plugins, load contents, merge skills/hooks/MCP into agent |
+
+## User Experience
+
+### Plugin Directory
+
+The plugin directory presents users with a catalog of available plugins. For each plugin, users see:
+- Plugin name and description (from `plugin.json`)
+- Author and version information
+- A "Launch" button
+
+When a user clicks "Launch", the plugin directory:
+1. Reads the plugin's `entry_command` to know which slash command to invoke
+2. Determines what parameters the plugin accepts (if any)
+3. Redirects to OpenHands with this information encoded in the URL
+
+### Parameter Collection
+
+If a plugin requires user input (API keys, configuration values, etc.), the frontend displays a form modal before starting the conversation. Parameters are passed in the launch URL and rendered as form fields based on their type:
+
+- **String values** → Text input
+- **Number values** → Number input
+- **Boolean values** → Checkbox
+
+Only primitive types are supported. Complex types (arrays, objects) are not currently supported for parameter input.
+
+The user fills in required values, then clicks "Start Conversation" to proceed.
+
+## Launch Flow
+
+1. **Plugin Directory** (external) constructs a launch URL to the OpenHands app server when user clicks "Launch":
+   ```
+   /launch?plugins=BASE64_JSON&message=/city-weather:now%20Tokyo
+   ```
+
+   The `plugins` parameter includes any parameter definitions with default values:
+   ```json
+   [{
+     "source": "github:owner/repo",
+     "repo_path": "plugins/my-plugin",
+     "parameters": {"api_key": "", "timeout": 30, "debug": false}
+   }]
+   ```
+
+2. **OpenHands Frontend** (`/launch` route, [PR #12699](https://github.com/OpenHands/OpenHands/pull/12699)) displays modal with parameter form, collects user input
+
+3. **OpenHands App Server** ([PR #12338](https://github.com/OpenHands/OpenHands/pull/12338)) receives the API call:
+   ```
+   POST /api/v1/app-conversations
+   {
+     "plugins": [{"source": "github:owner/repo", "repo_path": "plugins/city-weather"}],
+     "initial_message": {"content": [{"type": "text", "text": "/city-weather:now Tokyo"}]}
+   }
+   ```
+
+   Call stack:
+   - `AppConversationRouter` receives request with `PluginSpec` list
+   - `LiveStatusAppConversationService._finalize_conversation_request()` converts `PluginSpec` → `PluginSource`
+   - Creates `StartConversationRequest(plugins=sdk_plugins, ...)` and sends to agent server
+
+4. **Agent Server** (inside sandbox, [SDK PR #1651](https://github.com/OpenHands/software-agent-sdk/pull/1651)) stores specs, defers loading:
+
+   Call stack:
+   - `ConversationService.start_conversation()` receives `StartConversationRequest`
+   - Creates `StoredConversation` with plugin specs
+   - Creates `LocalConversation(plugins=request.plugins, ...)`
+   - Plugin loading deferred until first `run()` or `send_message()`
+
+5. **SDK** fetches and loads plugins on first use:
+
+   Call stack:
+   - `LocalConversation._ensure_plugins_loaded()` triggered by first message
+   - For each plugin spec:
+     - `Plugin.fetch(source, ref, repo_path)` → clones/caches git repo
+     - `Plugin.load(path)` → parses `plugin.json`, loads commands/skills/hooks
+     - `plugin.add_skills_to(context)` → merges skills into agent
+     - `plugin.add_mcp_config_to(config)` → merges MCP servers
+
+6. **Agent** receives message, `/city-weather:now` triggers the skill
+
+## Key Design Decisions
+
+### Plugin Loading in Sandbox
+
+Plugins load **inside the sandbox** because:
+- Plugin hooks and scripts need isolated execution
+- MCP servers run inside the sandbox
+- Skills may reference sandbox filesystem
+
+### Entry Command Handling
+
+The `entry_command` field in `plugin.json` allows plugin authors to declare a default command:
+
+```json
+{
+  "name": "city-weather",
+  "entry_command": "now"
+}
+```
+
+This flows through the system:
+1. Plugin author declares `entry_command` in plugin.json
+2. Plugin directory reads it when indexing
+3. Plugin directory includes `/city-weather:now` in the launch URL's `message` parameter
+4. Message passes through to agent as `initial_message`
+
+The SDK exposes this field but does not auto-invoke it—callers control the initial message.
+
+## Related
+
+- [OpenHands PR #12338](https://github.com/OpenHands/OpenHands/pull/12338) - App server plugin support
+- [OpenHands PR #12699](https://github.com/OpenHands/OpenHands/pull/12699) - Frontend `/launch` route
+- [SDK PR #1651](https://github.com/OpenHands/software-agent-sdk/pull/1651) - Agent server plugin loading
+- [SDK PR #1647](https://github.com/OpenHands/software-agent-sdk/pull/1647) - Plugin.fetch() for remote plugin fetching

enterprise/downgrade_migrated_users.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 """
+This script can be removed once orgs is established - probably after Feb 15 2026
+
 Downgrade script for migrated users.
 
 This script identifies users who have been migrated (already_migrated=True)

enterprise/experiments/experiment_manager.py

@@ -28,9 +28,11 @@ class SaaSExperimentManager(ExperimentManager):
             return agent
 
         if EXPERIMENT_SYSTEM_PROMPT_EXPERIMENT:
-            agent = agent.model_copy(
-                update={'system_prompt_filename': 'system_prompt_long_horizon.j2'}
-            )
+            # Skip experiment for planning agents which require their specialized prompt
+            if agent.system_prompt_filename != 'system_prompt_planning.j2':
+                agent = agent.model_copy(
+                    update={'system_prompt_filename': 'system_prompt_long_horizon.j2'}
+                )
 
         return agent
 

enterprise/integrations/github/github_manager.py

@@ -145,11 +145,7 @@ class GithubManager(Manager):
         ).get('body', ''):
             return False
 
-        if GithubFactory.is_eligible_for_conversation_starter(
-            message
-        ) and self._user_has_write_access_to_repo(installation_id, repo_name, username):
-            await GithubFactory.trigger_conversation_starter(message)
-
+        # Check event types before making expensive API calls (e.g., _user_has_write_access_to_repo)
         if not (
             GithubFactory.is_labeled_issue(message)
             or GithubFactory.is_issue_comment(message)
@@ -159,8 +155,17 @@ class GithubManager(Manager):
             return False
 
         logger.info(f'[GitHub] Checking permissions for {username} in {repo_name}')
+        user_has_write_access = self._user_has_write_access_to_repo(
+            installation_id, repo_name, username
+        )
 
-        return self._user_has_write_access_to_repo(installation_id, repo_name, username)
+        if (
+            GithubFactory.is_eligible_for_conversation_starter(message)
+            and user_has_write_access
+        ):
+            await GithubFactory.trigger_conversation_starter(message)
+
+        return user_has_write_access
 
     async def receive_message(self, message: Message):
         self._confirm_incoming_source_type(message)

enterprise/integrations/gitlab/webhook_installation.py

@@ -167,17 +167,15 @@ async def install_webhook_on_resource(
         scopes=SCOPES,
     )
 
-    logger.info(
-        'Creating new webhook',
-        extra={
-            'webhook_id': webhook_id,
-            'status': status,
-            'resource_id': resource_id,
-            'resource_type': resource_type,
-        },
-    )
+    log_extra = {
+        'webhook_id': webhook_id,
+        'status': status,
+        'resource_id': resource_id,
+        'resource_type': resource_type,
+    }
 
     if status == WebhookStatus.RATE_LIMITED:
+        logger.warning('Rate limited while creating webhook', extra=log_extra)
         raise BreakLoopException()
 
     if webhook_id:
@@ -191,9 +189,8 @@ async def install_webhook_on_resource(
                 'webhook_uuid': webhook_uuid,  # required to identify which webhook installation is sending payload
             },
         )
-
-        logger.info(
-            f'Installed webhook for {webhook.user_id} on {resource_type}:{resource_id}'
-        )
+        logger.info('Created new webhook', extra=log_extra)
+    else:
+        logger.error('Failed to create webhook', extra=log_extra)
 
     return webhook_id, status

enterprise/integrations/resolver_context.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from openhands.app_server.user.user_context import UserContext
 from openhands.app_server.user.user_models import UserInfo
-from openhands.integrations.provider import PROVIDER_TOKEN_TYPE
+from openhands.integrations.provider import PROVIDER_TOKEN_TYPE, ProviderHandler
 from openhands.integrations.service_types import ProviderType
 from openhands.sdk.secret import SecretSource, StaticSecret
 from openhands.server.user_auth.user_auth import UserAuth
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ class ResolverUserContext(UserContext):
         saas_user_auth: UserAuth,
     ):
         self.saas_user_auth = saas_user_auth
+        self._provider_handler: ProviderHandler | None = None
 
     async def get_user_id(self) -> str | None:
         return await self.saas_user_auth.get_user_id()
@@ -29,12 +30,26 @@ class ResolverUserContext(UserContext):
 
         return UserInfo(id=user_id)
 
+    async def _get_provider_handler(self) -> ProviderHandler:
+        """Get or create a ProviderHandler for git operations."""
+        if self._provider_handler is None:
+            provider_tokens = await self.saas_user_auth.get_provider_tokens()
+            if provider_tokens is None:
+                raise ValueError('No provider tokens available')
+            user_id = await self.saas_user_auth.get_user_id()
+            self._provider_handler = ProviderHandler(
+                provider_tokens=provider_tokens, external_auth_id=user_id
+            )
+        return self._provider_handler
+
     async def get_authenticated_git_url(
         self, repository: str, is_optional: bool = False
     ) -> str:
-        # This would need to be implemented based on the git provider tokens
-        # For now, return a basic HTTPS URL
-        return f'https://github.com/{repository}.git'
+        provider_handler = await self._get_provider_handler()
+        url = await provider_handler.get_authenticated_git_url(
+            repository, is_optional=is_optional
+        )
+        return url
 
     async def get_latest_token(self, provider_type: ProviderType) -> str | None:
         # Return the appropriate token string from git_provider_tokens

enterprise/migrations/env.py

@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
+import logging
 import os
 from logging.config import fileConfig
 
-from alembic import context
-from google.cloud.sql.connector import Connector
-from sqlalchemy import create_engine
-from storage.base import Base
+# Suppress alembic.runtime.plugins INFO logs during import to prevent non-JSON logs in production
+# These plugin setup messages would otherwise appear before logging is configured
+logging.getLogger('alembic.runtime.plugins').setLevel(logging.WARNING)
+
+from alembic import context  # noqa: E402
+from google.cloud.sql.connector import Connector  # noqa: E402
+from sqlalchemy import create_engine  # noqa: E402
+from storage.base import Base  # noqa: E402
 
 target_metadata = Base.metadata
 

enterprise/migrations/versions/091_add_byor_export_enabled_flag.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""Add byor_export_enabled flag to org table.
+
+Revision ID: 091
+Revises: 090
+Create Date: 2025-01-15 00:00:00.000000
+
+"""
+
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = '091'
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = '090'
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    # Add byor_export_enabled column to org table with default false
+    op.add_column(
+        'org',
+        sa.Column(
+            'byor_export_enabled',
+            sa.Boolean,
+            nullable=False,
+            server_default=sa.text('false'),
+        ),
+    )
+
+    # Set byor_export_enabled to true for orgs that have completed billing sessions
+    op.execute(
+        sa.text("""
+            UPDATE org SET byor_export_enabled = TRUE
+            WHERE id IN (
+                SELECT DISTINCT org_id FROM billing_sessions
+                WHERE status = 'completed' AND org_id IS NOT NULL
+            )
+        """)
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_column('org', 'byor_export_enabled')

enterprise/migrations/versions/092_rename_user_role_to_member.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+"""Rename 'user' role to 'member' in role table.
+
+Revision ID: 092
+Revises: 091
+Create Date: 2025-02-12 00:00:00.000000
+
+"""
+
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = '092'
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = '091'
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    # Rename 'user' role to 'member' for clarity
+    # This avoids confusion between the 'user' role and the 'user' entity/account
+    op.execute(sa.text("UPDATE role SET name = 'member' WHERE name = 'user'"))
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    # Revert 'member' role back to 'user'
+    op.execute(sa.text("UPDATE role SET name = 'user' WHERE name = 'member'"))

enterprise/migrations/versions/093_add_pending_free_credits.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+"""Add pending_free_credits flag to org table.
+
+Revision ID: 093
+Revises: 092
+Create Date: 2025-02-17 00:00:00.000000
+
+"""
+
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = '093'
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = '092'
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    # Add pending_free_credits column to org table with default false.
+    # New orgs will have this set to TRUE at creation time.
+    # Existing orgs default to FALSE (not eligible - they already got $10 at signup).
+    op.add_column(
+        'org',
+        sa.Column(
+            'pending_free_credits',
+            sa.Boolean,
+            nullable=False,
+            server_default=sa.text('false'),
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_column('org', 'pending_free_credits')

enterprise/migrations/versions/094_create_org_invitation_table.py

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+"""create org_invitation table
+
+Revision ID: 094
+Revises: 093
+Create Date: 2026-02-18 00:00:00.000000
+
+"""
+
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+from sqlalchemy.dialects import postgresql
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = '094'
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = '093'
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    # Create org_invitation table
+    op.create_table(
+        'org_invitation',
+        sa.Column('id', sa.Integer, sa.Identity(), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column('token', sa.String(64), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column('org_id', postgresql.UUID(as_uuid=True), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column('email', sa.String(255), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column('role_id', sa.Integer, nullable=False),
+        sa.Column('inviter_id', postgresql.UUID(as_uuid=True), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column(
+            'status',
+            sa.String(20),
+            nullable=False,
+            server_default=sa.text("'pending'"),
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            'created_at',
+            sa.DateTime,
+            nullable=False,
+            server_default=sa.text('CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'),
+        ),
+        sa.Column('expires_at', sa.DateTime, nullable=False),
+        sa.Column('accepted_at', sa.DateTime, nullable=True),
+        sa.Column('accepted_by_user_id', postgresql.UUID(as_uuid=True), nullable=True),
+        # Foreign key constraints
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
+            ['org_id'],
+            ['org.id'],
+            name='org_invitation_org_fkey',
+            ondelete='CASCADE',
+        ),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
+            ['role_id'],
+            ['role.id'],
+            name='org_invitation_role_fkey',
+        ),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
+            ['inviter_id'],
+            ['user.id'],
+            name='org_invitation_inviter_fkey',
+        ),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
+            ['accepted_by_user_id'],
+            ['user.id'],
+            name='org_invitation_accepter_fkey',
+        ),
+    )
+
+    # Create indexes
+    op.create_index(
+        'ix_org_invitation_token',
+        'org_invitation',
+        ['token'],
+        unique=True,
+    )
+    op.create_index(
+        'ix_org_invitation_org_id',
+        'org_invitation',
+        ['org_id'],
+    )
+    op.create_index(
+        'ix_org_invitation_email',
+        'org_invitation',
+        ['email'],
+    )
+    op.create_index(
+        'ix_org_invitation_status',
+        'org_invitation',
+        ['status'],
+    )
+    # Composite index for checking pending invitations
+    op.create_index(
+        'ix_org_invitation_org_email_status',
+        'org_invitation',
+        ['org_id', 'email', 'status'],
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    # Drop indexes
+    op.drop_index('ix_org_invitation_org_email_status', table_name='org_invitation')
+    op.drop_index('ix_org_invitation_status', table_name='org_invitation')
+    op.drop_index('ix_org_invitation_email', table_name='org_invitation')
+    op.drop_index('ix_org_invitation_org_id', table_name='org_invitation')
+    op.drop_index('ix_org_invitation_token', table_name='org_invitation')
+
+    # Drop table
+    op.drop_table('org_invitation')

enterprise/migrations/versions/095_drop_pending_free_credits.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+"""Drop pending_free_credits column from org table.
+
+Revision ID: 095
+Revises: 094
+Create Date: 2025-02-18 00:00:00.000000
+
+"""
+
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = '095'
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = '094'
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    # Drop the pending_free_credits column from org table.
+    # This column was used for tracking free credit eligibility but is no longer needed.
+    op.drop_column('org', 'pending_free_credits')
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    # Re-add pending_free_credits column with default false.
+    op.add_column(
+        'org',
+        sa.Column(
+            'pending_free_credits',
+            sa.Boolean,
+            nullable=False,
+            server_default=sa.text('false'),
+        ),
+    )

enterprise/migrations/versions/096_create_resend_synced_users_table.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+"""Create resend_synced_users table.
+
+Revision ID: 096
+Revises: 095
+Create Date: 2025-02-17 00:00:00.000000
+
+"""
+
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = '096'
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = '095'
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    """Create resend_synced_users table for tracking users synced to Resend audiences."""
+    op.create_table(
+        'resend_synced_users',
+        sa.Column(
+            'id',
+            sa.UUID(as_uuid=True),
+            nullable=False,
+            primary_key=True,
+        ),
+        sa.Column('email', sa.String(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column('audience_id', sa.String(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column(
+            'synced_at',
+            sa.DateTime(timezone=True),
+            nullable=False,
+            server_default=sa.text('CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'),
+        ),
+        sa.Column('keycloak_user_id', sa.String(), nullable=True),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('id'),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint(
+            'email', 'audience_id', name='uq_resend_synced_email_audience'
+        ),
+    )
+
+    # Create index on email for fast lookups
+    op.create_index(
+        'ix_resend_synced_users_email',
+        'resend_synced_users',
+        ['email'],
+    )
+
+    # Create index on audience_id for filtering by audience
+    op.create_index(
+        'ix_resend_synced_users_audience_id',
+        'resend_synced_users',
+        ['audience_id'],
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    """Drop resend_synced_users table."""
+    op.drop_index(
+        'ix_resend_synced_users_audience_id', table_name='resend_synced_users'
+    )
+    op.drop_index('ix_resend_synced_users_email', table_name='resend_synced_users')
+    op.drop_table('resend_synced_users')

enterprise/migrations/versions/097_add_session_api_key_hash_to_v1_remote_sandbox.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""Add session_api_key_hash to v1_remote_sandbox table
+
+Revision ID: 097
+Revises: 096
+Create Date: 2025-02-24 00:00:00.000000
+
+"""
+
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = '097'
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = '096'
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    """Add session_api_key_hash column to v1_remote_sandbox table."""
+    op.add_column(
+        'v1_remote_sandbox',
+        sa.Column('session_api_key_hash', sa.String(), nullable=True),
+    )
+    op.create_index(
+        op.f('ix_v1_remote_sandbox_session_api_key_hash'),
+        'v1_remote_sandbox',
+        ['session_api_key_hash'],
+        unique=False,
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    """Remove session_api_key_hash column from v1_remote_sandbox table."""
+    op.drop_index(
+        op.f('ix_v1_remote_sandbox_session_api_key_hash'),
+        table_name='v1_remote_sandbox',
+    )
+    op.drop_column('v1_remote_sandbox', 'session_api_key_hash')

enterprise/migrations/versions/098_create_verified_models_table.py

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""Create verified_models table.
+
+Revision ID: 098
+Revises: 097
+Create Date: 2026-02-26 00:00:00.000000
+
+"""
+
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = '098'
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = '097'
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    """Create verified_models table and seed with current model list."""
+    op.create_table(
+        'verified_models',
+        sa.Column('id', sa.Integer, sa.Identity(), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column('model_name', sa.String(255), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column('provider', sa.String(100), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column(
+            'is_enabled',
+            sa.Boolean(),
+            nullable=False,
+            server_default=sa.text('true'),
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            'created_at',
+            sa.DateTime(),
+            nullable=False,
+            server_default=sa.text('CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'),
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            'updated_at',
+            sa.DateTime(),
+            nullable=False,
+            server_default=sa.text('CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'),
+        ),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint(
+            'model_name', 'provider', name='uq_verified_model_provider'
+        ),
+    )
+
+    op.create_index(
+        'ix_verified_models_provider',
+        'verified_models',
+        ['provider'],
+    )
+    op.create_index(
+        'ix_verified_models_is_enabled',
+        'verified_models',
+        ['is_enabled'],
+    )
+
+    # Seed with current openhands provider models
+    models = [
+        ('claude-opus-4-5-20251101', 'openhands'),
+        ('claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929', 'openhands'),
+        ('gpt-5.2-codex', 'openhands'),
+        ('gpt-5.2', 'openhands'),
+        ('minimax-m2.5', 'openhands'),
+        ('gemini-3-pro-preview', 'openhands'),
+        ('gemini-3-flash-preview', 'openhands'),
+        ('deepseek-chat', 'openhands'),
+        ('devstral-medium-2512', 'openhands'),
+        ('kimi-k2-0711-preview', 'openhands'),
+        ('qwen3-coder-480b', 'openhands'),
+    ]
+
+    for model_name, provider in models:
+        op.execute(
+            sa.text(
+                """
+                INSERT INTO verified_models (model_name, provider)
+                VALUES (:model_name, :provider)
+                """
+            ).bindparams(model_name=model_name, provider=provider)
+        )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    """Drop verified_models table."""
+    op.drop_index('ix_verified_models_is_enabled', table_name='verified_models')
+    op.drop_index('ix_verified_models_provider', table_name='verified_models')
+    op.drop_table('verified_models')

enterprise/poetry.lock

@@ -1540,66 +1540,58 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cryptography"
-version = "46.0.3"
+version = "46.0.5"
 description = "cryptography is a package which provides cryptographic recipes and primitives to Python developers."
 optional = false
 python-versions = "!=3.9.0,!=3.9.1,>=3.8"
 groups = ["main"]
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 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -1612,7 +1604,7 @@ nox = ["nox[uv] (>=2024.4.15)"]
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 sdist = ["build (>=1.0.0)"]
 ssh = ["bcrypt (>=3.1.5)"]
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+test = ["certifi (>=2024)", "cryptography-vectors (==46.0.5)", "pretend (>=0.7)", "pytest (>=7.4.0)", "pytest-benchmark (>=4.0)", "pytest-cov (>=2.10.1)", "pytest-xdist (>=3.5.0)"]
 test-randomorder = ["pytest-randomly"]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5754,14 +5746,14 @@ test = ["flaky", "ipykernel (>=6.19.3)", "ipython", "ipywidgets", "nbconvert (>=
 
 [[package]]
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+description = "Convert Jupyter Notebooks (.ipynb files) to other formats."
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
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 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -5781,8 +5773,8 @@ pygments = ">=2.4.1"
 traitlets = ">=5.1"
 
 [package.extras]
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 qtpdf = ["pyqtwebengine (>=5.15)"]
 qtpng = ["pyqtwebengine (>=5.15)"]
 serve = ["tornado (>=6.1)"]
@@ -6102,14 +6094,14 @@ llama = ["llama-index (>=0.12.29,<0.13.0)", "llama-index-core (>=0.12.29,<0.13.0
 
 [[package]]
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-version = "1.10.0"
+version = "1.11.5"
 description = "OpenHands Agent Server - REST/WebSocket interface for OpenHands AI Agent"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.12"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
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 [package.dependencies]
@@ -6126,7 +6118,7 @@ wsproto = ">=1.2.0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openhands-ai"
-version = "1.2.1"
+version = "1.4.0"
 description = "OpenHands: Code Less, Make More"
 optional = false
 python-versions = "^3.12,<3.14"
@@ -6168,9 +6160,9 @@ memory-profiler = ">=0.61"
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 openai = "2.8"
 openhands-aci = "0.3.2"
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-openhands-sdk = "1.10"
-openhands-tools = "1.10"
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+openhands-sdk = "1.11.5"
+openhands-tools = "1.11.5"
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 opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-grpc = ">=1.33.1"
 pathspec = ">=0.12.1"
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 python-json-logger = ">=3.2.1"
 python-multipart = "*"
 python-pptx = "*"
-python-socketio = "5.13"
+python-socketio = "5.14"
 pythonnet = "*"
 pyyaml = ">=6.0.2"
 qtconsole = ">=5.6.1"
@@ -6225,14 +6217,14 @@ url = ".."
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openhands-sdk"
-version = "1.10.0"
+version = "1.11.5"
 description = "OpenHands SDK - Core functionality for building AI agents"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.12"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
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 [package.dependencies]
@@ -6253,14 +6245,14 @@ boto3 = ["boto3 (>=1.35.0)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openhands-tools"
-version = "1.10.0"
+version = "1.11.5"
 description = "OpenHands Tools - Runtime tools for AI agents"
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 python-versions = ">=3.12"
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 [package.dependencies]
@@ -6851,103 +6843,103 @@ scramp = ">=1.4.5"
 
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+version = "12.1.1"
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 ]
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -7323,23 +7315,23 @@ testing = ["google-api-core (>=1.31.5)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "protobuf"
-version = "5.29.5"
+version = "5.29.6"
 description = ""
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
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 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -7562,14 +7554,14 @@ typing-extensions = ">=4.15.0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyasn1"
-version = "0.6.1"
+version = "0.6.2"
 description = "Pure-Python implementation of ASN.1 types and DER/BER/CER codecs (X.208)"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
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-    {file = "pyasn1-0.6.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:6f580d2bdd84365380830acf45550f2511469f673cb4a5ae3857a3170128b034"},
+    {file = "pyasn1-0.6.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:1eb26d860996a18e9b6ed05e7aae0e9fc21619fcee6af91cca9bad4fbea224bf"},
+    {file = "pyasn1-0.6.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9b59a2b25ba7e4f8197db7686c09fb33e658b98339fadb826e9512629017833b"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -11578,20 +11570,20 @@ diagrams = ["jinja2", "railroad-diagrams"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pypdf"
-version = "6.6.0"
+version = "6.7.3"
 description = "A pure-python PDF library capable of splitting, merging, cropping, and transforming PDF files"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
-    {file = "pypdf-6.6.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:bca9091ef6de36c7b1a81e09327c554b7ce51e88dad68f5890c2b4a4417f1fd7"},
-    {file = "pypdf-6.6.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:4c887ef2ea38d86faded61141995a3c7d068c9d6ae8477be7ae5de8a8e16592f"},
+    {file = "pypdf-6.7.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:cd25ac508f20b554a9fafd825186e3ba29591a69b78c156783c5d8a2d63a1c0a"},
+    {file = "pypdf-6.7.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:eca55c78d0ec7baa06f9288e2be5c4e8242d5cbb62c7a4b94f2716f8e50076d2"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
 crypto = ["cryptography"]
 cryptodome = ["PyCryptodome"]
-dev = ["black", "flit", "pip-tools", "pre-commit", "pytest-cov", "pytest-socket", "pytest-timeout", "pytest-xdist", "wheel"]
+dev = ["flit", "pip-tools", "pre-commit", "pytest-cov", "pytest-socket", "pytest-timeout", "pytest-xdist", "wheel"]
 docs = ["myst_parser", "sphinx", "sphinx_rtd_theme"]
 full = ["Pillow (>=8.0.0)", "cryptography"]
 image = ["Pillow (>=8.0.0)"]
@@ -11886,14 +11878,14 @@ requests-toolbelt = ">=0.6.0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "python-multipart"
-version = "0.0.21"
+version = "0.0.22"
 description = "A streaming multipart parser for Python"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.10"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
-    {file = "python_multipart-0.0.21-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:cf7a6713e01c87aa35387f4774e812c4361150938d20d232800f75ffcf266090"},
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+    {file = "python_multipart-0.0.22-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2b2cd894c83d21bf49d702499531c7bafd057d730c201782048f7945d82de155"},
+    {file = "python_multipart-0.0.22.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:7340bef99a7e0032613f56dc36027b959fd3b30a787ed62d310e951f7c3a3a58"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -11916,14 +11908,14 @@ XlsxWriter = ">=0.5.7"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "python-socketio"
-version = "5.13.0"
+version = "5.14.0"
 description = "Socket.IO server and client for Python"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
-    {file = "python_socketio-5.13.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:51f68d6499f2df8524668c24bcec13ba1414117cfb3a90115c559b601ab10caf"},
-    {file = "python_socketio-5.13.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ac4e19a0302ae812e23b712ec8b6427ca0521f7c582d6abb096e36e24a263029"},
+    {file = "python_socketio-5.14.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7de5ad8a55efc33e17897f6cf91d20168d3d259f98c38d38e2940af83136d6f8"},
+    {file = "python_socketio-5.14.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d057737f658b3948392ff452a5c865c5ccc969859c37cf095a73393ce755f98e"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -11969,7 +11961,7 @@ description = "Python for Window Extensions"
 optional = false
 python-versions = "*"
 groups = ["main"]
-markers = "sys_platform == \"win32\" or platform_system == \"Windows\""
+markers = "platform_system == \"Windows\" or sys_platform == \"win32\""
 files = [
     {file = "pywin32-311-cp310-cp310-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:d03ff496d2a0cd4a5893504789d4a15399133fe82517455e78bad62efbb7f0a3"},
     {file = "pywin32-311-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:797c2772017851984b97180b0bebe4b620bb86328e8a884bb626156295a63b3b"},
@@ -14917,4 +14909,4 @@ cffi = ["cffi (>=1.17,<2.0) ; platform_python_implementation != \"PyPy\" and pyt
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.1"
 python-versions = "^3.12,<3.14"
-content-hash = "b5cbb1e25176845ac9f95650a802667e2f8be1a536e3e55a9269b5af5a42e3fc"
+content-hash = "1cad6029269393af67155e930c72eae2c03da02e4b3a3699823f6168c14a4218"

enterprise/pyproject.toml

@@ -44,6 +44,12 @@ httpx = "*"
 scikit-learn = "^1.7.0"
 shap = "^0.48.0"
 google-cloud-recaptcha-enterprise = "^1.24.0"
+# Dependencies previously only in Dockerfile, now managed via poetry.lock
+prometheus-client = "^0.24.0"
+pandas = "^2.2.0"
+numpy = "^2.2.0"
+mcp = "^1.10.0"
+pillow = "^12.1.0"
 
 [tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
 ruff = "0.8.3"

enterprise/saas_server.py

@@ -38,9 +38,19 @@ from server.routes.integration.linear import linear_integration_router  # noqa:
 from server.routes.integration.slack import slack_router  # noqa: E402
 from server.routes.mcp_patch import patch_mcp_server  # noqa: E402
 from server.routes.oauth_device import oauth_device_router  # noqa: E402
+from server.routes.org_invitations import (  # noqa: E402
+    accept_router as invitation_accept_router,
+)
+from server.routes.org_invitations import (  # noqa: E402
+    invitation_router,
+)
 from server.routes.orgs import org_router  # noqa: E402
 from server.routes.readiness import readiness_router  # noqa: E402
 from server.routes.user import saas_user_router  # noqa: E402
+from server.routes.user_app_settings import user_app_settings_router  # noqa: E402
+from server.routes.verified_models import (  # noqa: E402
+    api_router as verified_models_router,
+)
 from server.sharing.shared_conversation_router import (  # noqa: E402
     router as shared_conversation_router,
 )
@@ -70,6 +80,7 @@ base_app.include_router(api_router)  # Add additional route for github auth
 base_app.include_router(oauth_router)  # Add additional route for oauth callback
 base_app.include_router(oauth_device_router)  # Add OAuth 2.0 Device Flow routes
 base_app.include_router(saas_user_router)  # Add additional route SAAS user calls
+base_app.include_router(user_app_settings_router)  # Add routes for user app settings
 base_app.include_router(
     billing_router
 )  # Add routes for credit management and Stripe payment integration
@@ -78,8 +89,15 @@ base_app.include_router(shared_event_router)
 
 # Add GitHub integration router only if GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID is set
 if GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID:
+    # Make sure that the callback processor is loaded here so we don't get an error when deserializing
+    from integrations.github.github_v1_callback_processor import (  # noqa: E402
+        GithubV1CallbackProcessor,
+    )
     from server.routes.integration.github import github_integration_router  # noqa: E402
 
+    # Bludgeon mypy into not deleting my import
+    logger.debug(f'Loaded {GithubV1CallbackProcessor.__name__}')
+
     base_app.include_router(
         github_integration_router
     )  # Add additional route for integration webhook events
@@ -92,6 +110,11 @@ if GITLAB_APP_CLIENT_ID:
 
 base_app.include_router(api_keys_router)  # Add routes for API key management
 base_app.include_router(org_router)  # Add routes for organization management
+base_app.include_router(
+    verified_models_router
+)  # Add routes for verified models management
+base_app.include_router(invitation_router)  # Add routes for org invitation management
+base_app.include_router(invitation_accept_router)  # Add route for accepting invitations
 add_github_proxy_routes(base_app)
 add_debugging_routes(
     base_app

enterprise/server/auth/auth_error.py

@@ -38,3 +38,9 @@ class ExpiredError(AuthError):
     """Error when a token has expired (Usually the refresh token)"""
 
     pass
+
+
+class TokenRefreshError(AuthError):
+    """Error when token refresh fails due to timeout or lock contention"""
+
+    pass

enterprise/server/auth/auth_utils.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import os
 
-from server.auth.sheets_client import GoogleSheetsClient
-
 from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
 
 
@@ -9,12 +7,9 @@ class UserVerifier:
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         logger.debug('Initializing UserVerifier')
         self.file_users: list[str] | None = None
-        self.sheets_client: GoogleSheetsClient | None = None
-        self.spreadsheet_id: str | None = None
 
         # Initialize from environment variables
         self._init_file_users()
-        self._init_sheets_client()
 
     def _init_file_users(self) -> None:
         """Load users from text file if configured."""
@@ -36,23 +31,11 @@ class UserVerifier:
         except Exception:
             logger.exception(f'Error reading user list file {waitlist}')
 
-    def _init_sheets_client(self) -> None:
-        """Initialize Google Sheets client if configured."""
-        sheet_id = os.getenv('GITHUB_USERS_SHEET_ID')
-
-        if not sheet_id:
-            logger.debug('GITHUB_USERS_SHEET_ID not configured')
-            return
-
-        logger.debug('Initializing Google Sheets integration')
-        self.sheets_client = GoogleSheetsClient()
-        self.spreadsheet_id = sheet_id
-
     def is_active(self) -> bool:
         if os.getenv('DISABLE_WAITLIST', '').lower() == 'true':
             logger.info('Waitlist disabled via DISABLE_WAITLIST env var')
             return False
-        return bool(self.file_users or (self.sheets_client and self.spreadsheet_id))
+        return bool(self.file_users)
 
     def is_user_allowed(self, username: str) -> bool:
         """Check if user is allowed based on file and/or sheet configuration."""
@@ -63,15 +46,6 @@ class UserVerifier:
                 return True
             logger.debug(f'User {username} not found in text file allowlist')
 
-        if self.sheets_client and self.spreadsheet_id:
-            sheet_users = [
-                u.lower() for u in self.sheets_client.get_usernames(self.spreadsheet_id)
-            ]
-            if username.lower() in sheet_users:
-                logger.debug(f'User {username} found in Google Sheets allowlist')
-                return True
-            logger.debug(f'User {username} not found in Google Sheets allowlist')
-
         logger.debug(f'User {username} not found in any allowlist')
         return False
 

enterprise/server/auth/authorization.py

@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+"""
+Permission-based authorization dependencies for API endpoints.
+
+This module provides FastAPI dependencies for checking user permissions
+within organizations. It uses a permission-based authorization model where
+roles (owner, admin, member) are mapped to specific permissions.
+
+Permissions are defined in the Permission enum and mapped to roles via
+ROLE_PERMISSIONS. This allows fine-grained access control while maintaining
+the familiar role-based hierarchy.
+
+Usage:
+    from server.auth.authorization import (
+        Permission,
+        require_permission,
+    )
+
+    @router.get('/{org_id}/settings')
+    async def get_settings(
+        org_id: UUID,
+        user_id: str = Depends(require_permission(Permission.VIEW_LLM_SETTINGS)),
+    ):
+        # Only users with VIEW_LLM_SETTINGS permission can access
+        ...
+
+    @router.patch('/{org_id}/settings')
+    async def update_settings(
+        org_id: UUID,
+        user_id: str = Depends(require_permission(Permission.EDIT_LLM_SETTINGS)),
+    ):
+        # Only users with EDIT_LLM_SETTINGS permission can access
+        ...
+"""
+
+from enum import Enum
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from fastapi import Depends, HTTPException, status
+from storage.org_member_store import OrgMemberStore
+from storage.role import Role
+from storage.role_store import RoleStore
+
+from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
+from openhands.server.user_auth import get_user_id
+
+
+class Permission(str, Enum):
+    """Permissions that can be assigned to roles."""
+
+    # Secrets
+    MANAGE_SECRETS = 'manage_secrets'
+
+    # MCP
+    MANAGE_MCP = 'manage_mcp'
+
+    # Integrations
+    MANAGE_INTEGRATIONS = 'manage_integrations'
+
+    # Application Settings
+    MANAGE_APPLICATION_SETTINGS = 'manage_application_settings'
+
+    # API Keys
+    MANAGE_API_KEYS = 'manage_api_keys'
+
+    # LLM Settings
+    VIEW_LLM_SETTINGS = 'view_llm_settings'
+    EDIT_LLM_SETTINGS = 'edit_llm_settings'
+
+    # Billing
+    VIEW_BILLING = 'view_billing'
+    ADD_CREDITS = 'add_credits'
+
+    # Organization Members
+    INVITE_USER_TO_ORGANIZATION = 'invite_user_to_organization'
+    CHANGE_USER_ROLE_MEMBER = 'change_user_role:member'
+    CHANGE_USER_ROLE_ADMIN = 'change_user_role:admin'
+    CHANGE_USER_ROLE_OWNER = 'change_user_role:owner'
+
+    # Organization Management
+    VIEW_ORG_SETTINGS = 'view_org_settings'
+    CHANGE_ORGANIZATION_NAME = 'change_organization_name'
+    DELETE_ORGANIZATION = 'delete_organization'
+
+    # Temporary permissions until we finish the API updates.
+    EDIT_ORG_SETTINGS = 'edit_org_settings'
+
+
+class RoleName(str, Enum):
+    """Role names used in the system."""
+
+    OWNER = 'owner'
+    ADMIN = 'admin'
+    MEMBER = 'member'
+
+
+# Permission mappings for each role
+ROLE_PERMISSIONS: dict[RoleName, frozenset[Permission]] = {
+    RoleName.OWNER: frozenset(
+        [
+            # Settings (Full access)
+            Permission.MANAGE_SECRETS,
+            Permission.MANAGE_MCP,
+            Permission.MANAGE_INTEGRATIONS,
+            Permission.MANAGE_APPLICATION_SETTINGS,
+            Permission.MANAGE_API_KEYS,
+            Permission.VIEW_LLM_SETTINGS,
+            Permission.EDIT_LLM_SETTINGS,
+            Permission.VIEW_BILLING,
+            Permission.ADD_CREDITS,
+            # Organization Members
+            Permission.INVITE_USER_TO_ORGANIZATION,
+            Permission.CHANGE_USER_ROLE_MEMBER,
+            Permission.CHANGE_USER_ROLE_ADMIN,
+            Permission.CHANGE_USER_ROLE_OWNER,
+            # Organization Management
+            Permission.VIEW_ORG_SETTINGS,
+            Permission.EDIT_ORG_SETTINGS,
+            # Organization Management (Owner only)
+            Permission.CHANGE_ORGANIZATION_NAME,
+            Permission.DELETE_ORGANIZATION,
+        ]
+    ),
+    RoleName.ADMIN: frozenset(
+        [
+            # Settings (Full access)
+            Permission.MANAGE_SECRETS,
+            Permission.MANAGE_MCP,
+            Permission.MANAGE_INTEGRATIONS,
+            Permission.MANAGE_APPLICATION_SETTINGS,
+            Permission.MANAGE_API_KEYS,
+            Permission.VIEW_LLM_SETTINGS,
+            Permission.EDIT_LLM_SETTINGS,
+            Permission.VIEW_BILLING,
+            Permission.ADD_CREDITS,
+            # Organization Members
+            Permission.INVITE_USER_TO_ORGANIZATION,
+            Permission.CHANGE_USER_ROLE_MEMBER,
+            Permission.CHANGE_USER_ROLE_ADMIN,
+            # Organization Management
+            Permission.VIEW_ORG_SETTINGS,
+            Permission.EDIT_ORG_SETTINGS,
+        ]
+    ),
+    RoleName.MEMBER: frozenset(
+        [
+            # Settings (Full access)
+            Permission.MANAGE_SECRETS,
+            Permission.MANAGE_MCP,
+            Permission.MANAGE_INTEGRATIONS,
+            Permission.MANAGE_APPLICATION_SETTINGS,
+            Permission.MANAGE_API_KEYS,
+            # Settings (View only)
+            Permission.VIEW_ORG_SETTINGS,
+            Permission.VIEW_LLM_SETTINGS,
+        ]
+    ),
+}
+
+
+def get_user_org_role(user_id: str, org_id: UUID | None) -> Role | None:
+    """
+    Get the user's role in an organization (synchronous version).
+
+    Args:
+        user_id: User ID (string that will be converted to UUID)
+        org_id: Organization ID, or None to use the user's current organization
+
+    Returns:
+        Role object if user is a member, None otherwise
+    """
+    from uuid import UUID as parse_uuid
+
+    if org_id is None:
+        org_member = OrgMemberStore.get_org_member_for_current_org(parse_uuid(user_id))
+    else:
+        org_member = OrgMemberStore.get_org_member(org_id, parse_uuid(user_id))
+    if not org_member:
+        return None
+
+    return RoleStore.get_role_by_id(org_member.role_id)
+
+
+async def get_user_org_role_async(user_id: str, org_id: UUID | None) -> Role | None:
+    """
+    Get the user's role in an organization (async version).
+
+    Args:
+        user_id: User ID (string that will be converted to UUID)
+        org_id: Organization ID, or None to use the user's current organization
+
+    Returns:
+        Role object if user is a member, None otherwise
+    """
+    from uuid import UUID as parse_uuid
+
+    if org_id is None:
+        org_member = await OrgMemberStore.get_org_member_for_current_org_async(
+            parse_uuid(user_id)
+        )
+    else:
+        org_member = await OrgMemberStore.get_org_member_async(
+            org_id, parse_uuid(user_id)
+        )
+    if not org_member:
+        return None
+
+    return await RoleStore.get_role_by_id_async(org_member.role_id)
+
+
+def get_role_permissions(role_name: str) -> frozenset[Permission]:
+    """
+    Get the permissions for a role.
+
+    Args:
+        role_name: Name of the role
+
+    Returns:
+        Set of permissions for the role
+    """
+    try:
+        role_enum = RoleName(role_name)
+        return ROLE_PERMISSIONS.get(role_enum, frozenset())
+    except ValueError:
+        return frozenset()
+
+
+def has_permission(user_role: Role, permission: Permission) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if a role has a specific permission.
+
+    Args:
+        user_role: User's Role object
+        permission: Permission to check
+
+    Returns:
+        True if the role has the permission
+    """
+    permissions = get_role_permissions(user_role.name)
+    return permission in permissions
+
+
+def require_permission(permission: Permission):
+    """
+    Factory function that creates a dependency to require a specific permission.
+
+    This creates a FastAPI dependency that:
+    1. Extracts org_id from the path parameter
+    2. Gets the authenticated user_id
+    3. Checks if the user has the required permission in the organization
+    4. Returns the user_id if authorized, raises HTTPException otherwise
+
+    Usage:
+        @router.get('/{org_id}/settings')
+        async def get_settings(
+            org_id: UUID,
+            user_id: str = Depends(require_permission(Permission.VIEW_LLM_SETTINGS)),
+        ):
+            ...
+
+    Args:
+        permission: The permission required to access the endpoint
+
+    Returns:
+        Dependency function that validates permission and returns user_id
+    """
+
+    async def permission_checker(
+        org_id: UUID | None = None,
+        user_id: str | None = Depends(get_user_id),
+    ) -> str:
+        if not user_id:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+                detail='User not authenticated',
+            )
+
+        user_role = await get_user_org_role_async(user_id, org_id)
+
+        if not user_role:
+            logger.warning(
+                'User not a member of organization',
+                extra={'user_id': user_id, 'org_id': str(org_id)},
+            )
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+                detail='User is not a member of this organization',
+            )
+
+        if not has_permission(user_role, permission):
+            logger.warning(
+                'Insufficient permissions',
+                extra={
+                    'user_id': user_id,
+                    'org_id': str(org_id),
+                    'user_role': user_role.name,
+                    'required_permission': permission.value,
+                },
+            )
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+                detail=f'Requires {permission.value} permission',
+            )
+
+        return user_id
+
+    return permission_checker

enterprise/server/auth/github_utils.py

@@ -1,87 +1,11 @@
-import os
-
 from integrations.github.github_service import SaaSGitHubService
 from pydantic import SecretStr
-from server.auth.sheets_client import GoogleSheetsClient
 
+from enterprise.server.auth.auth_utils import user_verifier
 from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
 from openhands.integrations.github.github_types import GitHubUser
 
 
-class UserVerifier:
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        logger.debug('Initializing UserVerifier')
-        self.file_users: list[str] | None = None
-        self.sheets_client: GoogleSheetsClient | None = None
-        self.spreadsheet_id: str | None = None
-
-        # Initialize from environment variables
-        self._init_file_users()
-        self._init_sheets_client()
-
-    def _init_file_users(self) -> None:
-        """Load users from text file if configured"""
-        waitlist = os.getenv('GITHUB_USER_LIST_FILE')
-        if not waitlist:
-            logger.debug('GITHUB_USER_LIST_FILE not configured')
-            return
-
-        if not os.path.exists(waitlist):
-            logger.error(f'User list file not found: {waitlist}')
-            raise FileNotFoundError(f'User list file not found: {waitlist}')
-
-        try:
-            with open(waitlist, 'r') as f:
-                self.file_users = [line.strip().lower() for line in f if line.strip()]
-            logger.info(
-                f'Successfully loaded {len(self.file_users)} users from {waitlist}'
-            )
-        except Exception:
-            logger.error(f'Error reading user list file {waitlist}', exc_info=True)
-
-    def _init_sheets_client(self) -> None:
-        """Initialize Google Sheets client if configured"""
-        sheet_id = os.getenv('GITHUB_USERS_SHEET_ID')
-
-        if not sheet_id:
-            logger.debug('GITHUB_USERS_SHEET_ID not configured')
-            return
-
-        logger.debug('Initializing Google Sheets integration')
-        self.sheets_client = GoogleSheetsClient()
-        self.spreadsheet_id = sheet_id
-
-    def is_active(self) -> bool:
-        if os.getenv('DISABLE_WAITLIST', '').lower() == 'true':
-            logger.info('Waitlist disabled via DISABLE_WAITLIST env var')
-            return False
-        return bool(self.file_users or (self.sheets_client and self.spreadsheet_id))
-
-    def is_user_allowed(self, username: str) -> bool:
-        """Check if user is allowed based on file and/or sheet configuration"""
-        logger.debug(f'Checking if GitHub user {username} is allowed')
-        if self.file_users:
-            if username.lower() in self.file_users:
-                logger.debug(f'User {username} found in text file allowlist')
-                return True
-            logger.debug(f'User {username} not found in text file allowlist')
-
-        if self.sheets_client and self.spreadsheet_id:
-            sheet_users = [
-                u.lower() for u in self.sheets_client.get_usernames(self.spreadsheet_id)
-            ]
-            if username.lower() in sheet_users:
-                logger.debug(f'User {username} found in Google Sheets allowlist')
-                return True
-            logger.debug(f'User {username} not found in Google Sheets allowlist')
-
-        logger.debug(f'User {username} not found in any allowlist')
-        return False
-
-
-user_verifier = UserVerifier()
-
-
 def is_user_allowed(user_login: str):
     if user_verifier.is_active() and not user_verifier.is_user_allowed(user_login):
         logger.warning(f'GitHub user {user_login} not in allow list')

enterprise/server/auth/gitlab_sync.py

@@ -1,11 +1,36 @@
 import asyncio
 
 from pydantic import SecretStr
+from sqlalchemy import select
 
 from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
+from openhands.integrations.service_types import ProviderType
 from openhands.server.types import AppMode
 
 
+async def _user_has_gitlab_provider(user_id: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if the user has authenticated with GitLab.
+
+    Args:
+        user_id: The Keycloak user ID
+
+    Returns:
+        True if the user has a GitLab provider token, False otherwise
+    """
+    # Lazy import to avoid circular dependency issues at module load time
+    from storage.auth_tokens import AuthTokens
+    from storage.database import a_session_maker
+
+    async with a_session_maker() as session:
+        result = await session.execute(
+            select(AuthTokens).where(
+                AuthTokens.keycloak_user_id == user_id,
+                AuthTokens.identity_provider == ProviderType.GITLAB.value,
+            )
+        )
+        return result.scalars().first() is not None
+
+
 def schedule_gitlab_repo_sync(
     user_id: str, keycloak_access_token: SecretStr | None = None
 ) -> None:
@@ -14,10 +39,20 @@ def schedule_gitlab_repo_sync(
     Because the outer call is already a background task, we instruct the service
     to store repository data synchronously (store_in_background=False) to avoid
     nested background tasks while still keeping the overall operation async.
+
+    The sync is only performed if the user has authenticated with GitLab.
     """
 
     async def _run():
         try:
+            # Check if the user has a GitLab provider token before syncing
+            if not await _user_has_gitlab_provider(user_id):
+                logger.debug(
+                    'gitlab_repo_sync_skipped: user has no GitLab provider',
+                    extra={'user_id': user_id},
+                )
+                return
+
             # Lazy import to avoid circular dependency:
             # middleware -> gitlab_sync -> integrations.gitlab.gitlab_service
             # -> openhands.integrations.gitlab.gitlab_service -> get_impl

enterprise/server/auth/recaptcha_service.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
 class AssessmentResult:
     """Result of a reCAPTCHA Enterprise assessment."""
 
+    name: str
     score: float
     valid: bool
     action_valid: bool
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ class RecaptchaService:
         user_ip: str,
         user_agent: str,
         email: str | None = None,
+        user_id: str | None = None,
     ) -> AssessmentResult:
         """Create a reCAPTCHA Enterprise assessment.
 
@@ -72,6 +74,7 @@ class RecaptchaService:
             user_ip: The user's IP address.
             user_agent: The user's browser user agent.
             email: Optional email for Account Defender hashing.
+            user_id: Optional Keycloak user ID for logging correlation.
 
         Returns:
             AssessmentResult with score, validity, and allowed status.
@@ -100,6 +103,10 @@ class RecaptchaService:
 
         response = self.client.create_assessment(request)
 
+        # Capture assessment name for potential annotation later
+        # Format: projects/{project_id}/assessments/{assessment_id}
+        assessment_name = response.name
+
         token_properties = response.token_properties
         risk_analysis = response.risk_analysis
 
@@ -129,6 +136,7 @@ class RecaptchaService:
         logger.info(
             'recaptcha_assessment',
             extra={
+                'assessment_name': assessment_name,
                 'score': score,
                 'valid': valid,
                 'action_valid': action_valid,
@@ -137,10 +145,13 @@ class RecaptchaService:
                 'has_suspicious_labels': has_suspicious_labels,
                 'allowed': allowed,
                 'user_ip': user_ip,
+                'user_id': user_id,
+                'email': email,
             },
         )
 
         return AssessmentResult(
+            name=assessment_name,
             score=score,
             valid=valid,
             action_valid=action_valid,

enterprise/server/auth/saas_user_auth.py

@@ -216,9 +216,9 @@ class SaasUserAuth(UserAuth):
 
     async def get_mcp_api_key(self) -> str:
         api_key_store = ApiKeyStore.get_instance()
-        mcp_api_key = api_key_store.retrieve_mcp_api_key(self.user_id)
+        mcp_api_key = await api_key_store.retrieve_mcp_api_key(self.user_id)
         if not mcp_api_key:
-            mcp_api_key = api_key_store.create_api_key(
+            mcp_api_key = await api_key_store.create_api_key(
                 self.user_id, 'MCP_API_KEY', None
             )
         return mcp_api_key

enterprise/server/auth/token_manager.py

@@ -49,6 +49,10 @@ from openhands.integrations.service_types import ProviderType
 from openhands.server.types import SessionExpiredError
 from openhands.utils.http_session import httpx_verify_option
 
+# HTTP timeout for external IDP calls (in seconds)
+# This prevents indefinite blocking if an IDP is slow or unresponsive
+IDP_HTTP_TIMEOUT = 15.0
+
 
 def _before_sleep_callback(retry_state: RetryCallState) -> None:
     logger.info(f'Retry attempt {retry_state.attempt_number} for Keycloak operation')
@@ -202,7 +206,9 @@ class TokenManager:
         access_token: str,
         idp: ProviderType,
     ) -> dict[str, str | int]:
-        async with httpx.AsyncClient(verify=httpx_verify_option()) as client:
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            verify=httpx_verify_option(), timeout=IDP_HTTP_TIMEOUT
+        ) as client:
             base_url = KEYCLOAK_SERVER_URL_EXT if self.external else KEYCLOAK_SERVER_URL
             url = f'{base_url}/realms/{KEYCLOAK_REALM_NAME}/broker/{idp.value}/token'
             headers = {
@@ -361,7 +367,9 @@ class TokenManager:
             'refresh_token': refresh_token,
             'grant_type': 'refresh_token',
         }
-        async with httpx.AsyncClient(verify=httpx_verify_option()) as client:
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            verify=httpx_verify_option(), timeout=IDP_HTTP_TIMEOUT
+        ) as client:
             response = await client.post(url, data=payload)
             response.raise_for_status()
             logger.info('Successfully refreshed GitHub token')
@@ -387,7 +395,9 @@ class TokenManager:
             'refresh_token': refresh_token,
             'grant_type': 'refresh_token',
         }
-        async with httpx.AsyncClient(verify=httpx_verify_option()) as client:
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            verify=httpx_verify_option(), timeout=IDP_HTTP_TIMEOUT
+        ) as client:
             response = await client.post(url, data=payload)
             response.raise_for_status()
             logger.info('Successfully refreshed GitLab token')
@@ -415,7 +425,9 @@ class TokenManager:
             'refresh_token': refresh_token,
         }
 
-        async with httpx.AsyncClient(verify=httpx_verify_option()) as client:
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            verify=httpx_verify_option(), timeout=IDP_HTTP_TIMEOUT
+        ) as client:
             response = await client.post(url, data=data, headers=headers)
             response.raise_for_status()
             logger.info('Successfully refreshed Bitbucket token')

enterprise/server/constants.py

@@ -15,6 +15,11 @@ IS_FEATURE_ENV = (
 )  # Does not include the staging deployment
 IS_LOCAL_ENV = bool(HOST == 'localhost')
 
+# Role name constants
+ROLE_OWNER = 'owner'
+ROLE_ADMIN = 'admin'
+ROLE_MEMBER = 'member'
+
 # Deprecated - billing margins are now handled internally in litellm
 DEFAULT_BILLING_MARGIN = float(os.environ.get('DEFAULT_BILLING_MARGIN', '1.0'))
 
@@ -25,7 +30,9 @@ PERSONAL_WORKSPACE_VERSION_TO_MODEL = {
     2: 'claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219',
     3: 'claude-sonnet-4-20250514',
     4: 'claude-sonnet-4-20250514',
-    5: 'claude-opus-4-5-20251101',
+    # Minimax is now the default as it gives results close to claude in terms of quality
+    # but at a much lower price
+    5: 'minimax-m2.5',
 }
 
 LITELLM_DEFAULT_MODEL = os.getenv('LITELLM_DEFAULT_MODEL')
@@ -54,7 +61,6 @@ SUBSCRIPTION_PRICE_DATA = {
     },
 }
 
-DEFAULT_INITIAL_BUDGET = float(os.environ.get('DEFAULT_INITIAL_BUDGET', '10'))
 STRIPE_API_KEY = os.environ.get('STRIPE_API_KEY', None)
 REQUIRE_PAYMENT = os.environ.get('REQUIRE_PAYMENT', '0') in ('1', 'true')
 

enterprise/server/logger.py

@@ -51,6 +51,14 @@ def custom_json_serializer(obj, **kwargs):
                 obj['stack_info'] = format_stack(stack_info)
 
     result = json.dumps(obj, **kwargs)
+
+    # Swap out newlines to make things easier to read. This will produce
+    # invalid json but means we can have similar logs in local development
+    # to production, making things easier to correlate. Obviously,
+    # LOG_JSON_FOR_CONSOLE should not be used in production environments.
+    if LOG_JSON_FOR_CONSOLE:
+        result = result.replace('\\n', '\n')
+
     return result
 
 

enterprise/server/mcp/mcp_config.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
 # NOTE: these details are specific to the MCP protocol
 class SaaSOpenHandsMCPConfig(OpenHandsMCPConfig):
     @staticmethod
-    def create_default_mcp_server_config(
+    async def create_default_mcp_server_config(
         host: str, config: 'OpenHandsConfig', user_id: str | None = None
     ) -> tuple[MCPSHTTPServerConfig | None, list[MCPStdioServerConfig]]:
         """
@@ -38,10 +38,12 @@ class SaaSOpenHandsMCPConfig(OpenHandsMCPConfig):
 
         api_key_store = ApiKeyStore.get_instance()
         if user_id:
-            api_key = api_key_store.retrieve_mcp_api_key(user_id)
+            api_key = await api_key_store.retrieve_mcp_api_key(user_id)
 
             if not api_key:
-                api_key = api_key_store.create_api_key(user_id, 'MCP_API_KEY', None)
+                api_key = await api_key_store.create_api_key(
+                    user_id, 'MCP_API_KEY', None
+                )
 
             if not api_key:
                 logger.error(f'Could not provision MCP API Key for user: {user_id}')

enterprise/server/middleware.py

@@ -103,11 +103,13 @@ class SetAuthCookieMiddleware:
         keycloak_auth_cookie = request.cookies.get('keycloak_auth')
         auth_header = request.headers.get('Authorization')
         mcp_auth_header = request.headers.get('X-Session-API-Key')
-        accepted_tos = False
+        api_auth_header = request.headers.get('X-Access-Token')
+        accepted_tos: bool | None = False
         if (
             keycloak_auth_cookie is None
             and (auth_header is None or not auth_header.startswith('Bearer '))
             and mcp_auth_header is None
+            and api_auth_header is None
         ):
             raise NoCredentialsError
 
@@ -160,10 +162,10 @@ class SetAuthCookieMiddleware:
             '/api/billing/customer-setup-success',
             '/api/billing/stripe-webhook',
             '/api/email/resend',
+            '/api/organizations/members/invite/accept',
             '/oauth/device/authorize',
             '/oauth/device/token',
             '/api/v1/web-client/config',
-            '/api/v1/webhooks/secrets',
         )
         if path in ignore_paths:
             return False
@@ -174,6 +176,10 @@ class SetAuthCookieMiddleware:
         ):
             return False
 
+        # Webhooks access is controlled using separate API keys
+        if path.startswith('/api/v1/webhooks/'):
+            return False
+
         is_mcp = path.startswith('/mcp')
         is_api_route = path.startswith('/api')
         return is_api_route or is_mcp

enterprise/server/routes/api_keys.py

@@ -2,66 +2,58 @@ from datetime import UTC, datetime
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, status
 from pydantic import BaseModel, field_validator
+from storage.api_key import ApiKey
 from storage.api_key_store import ApiKeyStore
 from storage.lite_llm_manager import LiteLlmManager
 from storage.org_member import OrgMember
 from storage.org_member_store import OrgMemberStore
+from storage.org_service import OrgService
 from storage.user_store import UserStore
 
 from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
 from openhands.server.user_auth import get_user_id
-from openhands.utils.async_utils import call_sync_from_async
 
 
 # Helper functions for BYOR API key management
 async def get_byor_key_from_db(user_id: str) -> str | None:
     """Get the BYOR key from the database for a user."""
-
-    def _get_byor_key():
-        user = UserStore.get_user_by_id(user_id)
-        if not user:
-            return None
-
-        current_org_id = user.current_org_id
-        current_org_member: OrgMember = None
-        for org_member in user.org_members:
-            if org_member.org_id == current_org_id:
-                current_org_member = org_member
-                break
-        if not current_org_member:
-            return None
-        if current_org_member.llm_api_key_for_byor:
-            return current_org_member.llm_api_key_for_byor.get_secret_value()
+    user = await UserStore.get_user_by_id_async(user_id)
+    if not user:
         return None
 
-    return await call_sync_from_async(_get_byor_key)
+    current_org_id = user.current_org_id
+    current_org_member: OrgMember = None
+    for org_member in user.org_members:
+        if org_member.org_id == current_org_id:
+            current_org_member = org_member
+            break
+    if not current_org_member:
+        return None
+    if current_org_member.llm_api_key_for_byor:
+        return current_org_member.llm_api_key_for_byor.get_secret_value()
+    return None
 
 
 async def store_byor_key_in_db(user_id: str, key: str) -> None:
     """Store the BYOR key in the database for a user."""
+    user = await UserStore.get_user_by_id_async(user_id)
+    if not user:
+        return None
 
-    def _update_user_settings():
-        user = UserStore.get_user_by_id(user_id)
-        if not user:
-            return None
-
-        current_org_id = user.current_org_id
-        current_org_member: OrgMember = None
-        for org_member in user.org_members:
-            if org_member.org_id == current_org_id:
-                current_org_member = org_member
-                break
-        if not current_org_member:
-            return None
-        current_org_member.llm_api_key_for_byor = key
-        OrgMemberStore.update_org_member(current_org_member)
-
-    await call_sync_from_async(_update_user_settings)
+    current_org_id = user.current_org_id
+    current_org_member: OrgMember = None
+    for org_member in user.org_members:
+        if org_member.org_id == current_org_id:
+            current_org_member = org_member
+            break
+    if not current_org_member:
+        return None
+    current_org_member.llm_api_key_for_byor = key
+    OrgMemberStore.update_org_member(current_org_member)
 
 
 async def generate_byor_key(user_id: str) -> str | None:
     """Generate a new BYOR key for a user."""
-
     try:
         user = await UserStore.get_user_by_id_async(user_id)
         if not user:
@@ -144,9 +136,9 @@ class ApiKeyCreate(BaseModel):
 class ApiKeyResponse(BaseModel):
     id: int
     name: str | None = None
-    created_at: str
-    last_used_at: str | None = None
-    expires_at: str | None = None
+    created_at: datetime
+    last_used_at: datetime | None = None
+    expires_at: datetime | None = None
 
 
 class ApiKeyCreateResponse(ApiKeyResponse):
@@ -157,58 +149,78 @@ class LlmApiKeyResponse(BaseModel):
     key: str | None
 
 
-@api_router.post('', response_model=ApiKeyCreateResponse)
-async def create_api_key(key_data: ApiKeyCreate, user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id)):
+class ByorPermittedResponse(BaseModel):
+    permitted: bool
+
+
+class MessageResponse(BaseModel):
+    message: str
+
+
+def api_key_to_response(key: ApiKey) -> ApiKeyResponse:
+    """Convert an ApiKey model to an ApiKeyResponse."""
+    return ApiKeyResponse(
+        id=key.id,
+        name=key.name,
+        created_at=key.created_at,
+        last_used_at=key.last_used_at,
+        expires_at=key.expires_at,
+    )
+
+
+@api_router.get('/llm/byor/permitted', tags=['Keys'])
+async def check_byor_permitted(
+    user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id),
+) -> ByorPermittedResponse:
+    """Check if BYOR key export is permitted for the user's current org."""
+    try:
+        permitted = await OrgService.check_byor_export_enabled(user_id)
+        return ByorPermittedResponse(permitted=permitted)
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.exception(
+            'Error checking BYOR export permission', extra={'error': str(e)}
+        )
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='Failed to check BYOR export permission',
+        )
+
+
+@api_router.post('', tags=['Keys'])
+async def create_api_key(
+    key_data: ApiKeyCreate, user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id)
+) -> ApiKeyCreateResponse:
     """Create a new API key for the authenticated user."""
     try:
-        api_key = api_key_store.create_api_key(
+        api_key = await api_key_store.create_api_key(
             user_id, key_data.name, key_data.expires_at
         )
         # Get the created key details
-        keys = api_key_store.list_api_keys(user_id)
+        keys = await api_key_store.list_api_keys(user_id)
         for key in keys:
-            if key['name'] == key_data.name:
-                return {
-                    **key,
-                    'key': api_key,
-                    'created_at': (
-                        key['created_at'].isoformat() if key['created_at'] else None
-                    ),
-                    'last_used_at': (
-                        key['last_used_at'].isoformat() if key['last_used_at'] else None
-                    ),
-                    'expires_at': (
-                        key['expires_at'].isoformat() if key['expires_at'] else None
-                    ),
-                }
+            if key.name == key_data.name:
+                return ApiKeyCreateResponse(
+                    id=key.id,
+                    name=key.name,
+                    key=api_key,
+                    created_at=key.created_at,
+                    last_used_at=key.last_used_at,
+                    expires_at=key.expires_at,
+                )
     except Exception:
         logger.exception('Error creating API key')
-        raise HTTPException(
-            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-            detail='Failed to create API key',
-        )
+    raise HTTPException(
+        status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+        detail='Failed to create API key',
+    )
 
 
-@api_router.get('', response_model=list[ApiKeyResponse])
-async def list_api_keys(user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id)):
+@api_router.get('', tags=['Keys'])
+async def list_api_keys(user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id)) -> list[ApiKeyResponse]:
     """List all API keys for the authenticated user."""
     try:
-        keys = api_key_store.list_api_keys(user_id)
-        return [
-            {
-                **key,
-                'created_at': (
-                    key['created_at'].isoformat() if key['created_at'] else None
-                ),
-                'last_used_at': (
-                    key['last_used_at'].isoformat() if key['last_used_at'] else None
-                ),
-                'expires_at': (
-                    key['expires_at'].isoformat() if key['expires_at'] else None
-                ),
-            }
-            for key in keys
-        ]
+        keys = await api_key_store.list_api_keys(user_id)
+        return [api_key_to_response(key) for key in keys]
     except Exception:
         logger.exception('Error listing API keys')
         raise HTTPException(
@@ -217,16 +229,18 @@ async def list_api_keys(user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id)):
         )
 
 
-@api_router.delete('/{key_id}')
-async def delete_api_key(key_id: int, user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id)):
+@api_router.delete('/{key_id}', tags=['Keys'])
+async def delete_api_key(
+    key_id: int, user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id)
+) -> MessageResponse:
     """Delete an API key."""
     try:
         # First, verify the key belongs to the user
-        keys = api_key_store.list_api_keys(user_id)
+        keys = await api_key_store.list_api_keys(user_id)
         key_to_delete = None
 
         for key in keys:
-            if key['id'] == key_id:
+            if key.id == key_id:
                 key_to_delete = key
                 break
 
@@ -244,7 +258,7 @@ async def delete_api_key(key_id: int, user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id)):
                 status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
                 detail='Failed to delete API key',
             )
-        return {'message': 'API key deleted successfully'}
+        return MessageResponse(message='API key deleted successfully')
     except HTTPException:
         raise
     except Exception:
@@ -255,22 +269,33 @@ async def delete_api_key(key_id: int, user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id)):
         )
 
 
-@api_router.get('/llm/byor', response_model=LlmApiKeyResponse)
-async def get_llm_api_key_for_byor(user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id)):
+@api_router.get('/llm/byor', tags=['Keys'])
+async def get_llm_api_key_for_byor(
+    user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id),
+) -> LlmApiKeyResponse:
     """Get the LLM API key for BYOR (Bring Your Own Runtime) for the authenticated user.
 
     This endpoint validates that the key exists in LiteLLM before returning it.
     If validation fails, it automatically generates a new key to ensure users
     always receive a working key.
+
+    Returns 402 Payment Required if BYOR export is not enabled for the user's org.
     """
     try:
+        # Check if BYOR export is enabled for the user's org
+        if not await OrgService.check_byor_export_enabled(user_id):
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_402_PAYMENT_REQUIRED,
+                detail='BYOR key export is not enabled. Purchase credits to enable this feature.',
+            )
+
         # Check if the BYOR key exists in the database
         byor_key = await get_byor_key_from_db(user_id)
         if byor_key:
             # Validate that the key is actually registered in LiteLLM
             is_valid = await LiteLlmManager.verify_key(byor_key, user_id)
             if is_valid:
-                return {'key': byor_key}
+                return LlmApiKeyResponse(key=byor_key)
             else:
                 # Key exists in DB but is invalid in LiteLLM - regenerate it
                 logger.warning(
@@ -295,7 +320,7 @@ async def get_llm_api_key_for_byor(user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id)):
                 'Successfully generated and stored new BYOR key',
                 extra={'user_id': user_id},
             )
-            return {'key': key}
+            return LlmApiKeyResponse(key=key)
         else:
             logger.error(
                 'Failed to generate new BYOR LLM API key',
@@ -317,12 +342,24 @@ async def get_llm_api_key_for_byor(user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id)):
         )
 
 
-@api_router.post('/llm/byor/refresh', response_model=LlmApiKeyResponse)
-async def refresh_llm_api_key_for_byor(user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id)):
-    """Refresh the LLM API key for BYOR (Bring Your Own Runtime) for the authenticated user."""
+@api_router.post('/llm/byor/refresh', tags=['Keys'])
+async def refresh_llm_api_key_for_byor(
+    user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id),
+) -> LlmApiKeyResponse:
+    """Refresh the LLM API key for BYOR (Bring Your Own Runtime) for the authenticated user.
+
+    Returns 402 Payment Required if BYOR export is not enabled for the user's org.
+    """
     logger.info('Starting BYOR LLM API key refresh', extra={'user_id': user_id})
 
     try:
+        # Check if BYOR export is enabled for the user's org
+        if not await OrgService.check_byor_export_enabled(user_id):
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_402_PAYMENT_REQUIRED,
+                detail='BYOR key export is not enabled. Purchase credits to enable this feature.',
+            )
+
         # Get the existing BYOR key from the database
         existing_byor_key = await get_byor_key_from_db(user_id)
 
@@ -361,7 +398,7 @@ async def refresh_llm_api_key_for_byor(user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id)):
             'BYOR LLM API key refresh completed successfully',
             extra={'user_id': user_id},
         )
-        return {'key': key}
+        return LlmApiKeyResponse(key=key)
     except HTTPException as he:
         logger.error(
             'HTTP exception during BYOR LLM API key refresh',

enterprise/server/routes/auth.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import warnings
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from typing import Annotated, Literal, Optional
 from urllib.parse import quote
+from uuid import UUID as parse_uuid
 
 import posthog
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Header, HTTPException, Request, Response, status
@@ -26,6 +27,13 @@ from server.auth.token_manager import TokenManager
 from server.config import sign_token
 from server.constants import IS_FEATURE_ENV
 from server.routes.event_webhook import _get_session_api_key, _get_user_id
+from server.services.org_invitation_service import (
+    EmailMismatchError,
+    InvitationExpiredError,
+    InvitationInvalidError,
+    OrgInvitationService,
+    UserAlreadyMemberError,
+)
 from storage.database import session_maker
 from storage.user import User
 from storage.user_store import UserStore
@@ -104,22 +112,40 @@ def get_cookie_samesite(request: Request) -> Literal['lax', 'strict']:
     )
 
 
+def _extract_oauth_state(state: str | None) -> tuple[str, str | None, str | None]:
+    """Extract redirect URL, reCAPTCHA token, and invitation token from OAuth state.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (redirect_url, recaptcha_token, invitation_token).
+        Tokens may be None.
+    """
+    if not state:
+        return '', None, None
+
+    try:
+        # Try to decode as JSON (new format with reCAPTCHA and/or invitation)
+        state_data = json.loads(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(state.encode()).decode())
+        return (
+            state_data.get('redirect_url', ''),
+            state_data.get('recaptcha_token'),
+            state_data.get('invitation_token'),
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        # Old format - state is just the redirect URL
+        return state, None, None
+
+
+# Keep alias for backward compatibility
 def _extract_recaptcha_state(state: str | None) -> tuple[str, str | None]:
     """Extract redirect URL and reCAPTCHA token from OAuth state.
 
+    Deprecated: Use _extract_oauth_state instead.
+
     Returns:
         Tuple of (redirect_url, recaptcha_token). Token may be None.
     """
-    if not state:
-        return '', None
-
-    try:
-        # Try to decode as JSON (new format with reCAPTCHA)
-        state_data = json.loads(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(state.encode()).decode())
-        return state_data.get('redirect_url', ''), state_data.get('recaptcha_token')
-    except Exception:
-        # Old format - state is just the redirect URL
-        return state, None
+    redirect_url, recaptcha_token, _ = _extract_oauth_state(state)
+    return redirect_url, recaptcha_token
 
 
 @oauth_router.get('/keycloak/callback')
@@ -130,8 +156,8 @@ async def keycloak_callback(
     error: Optional[str] = None,
     error_description: Optional[str] = None,
 ):
-    # Extract redirect URL and reCAPTCHA token from state
-    redirect_url, recaptcha_token = _extract_recaptcha_state(state)
+    # Extract redirect URL, reCAPTCHA token, and invitation token from state
+    redirect_url, recaptcha_token, invitation_token = _extract_oauth_state(state)
     if not redirect_url:
         redirect_url = str(request.base_url)
 
@@ -179,6 +205,10 @@ async def keycloak_callback(
     user = await UserStore.get_user_by_id_async(user_id)
     if not user:
         user = await UserStore.create_user(user_id, user_info)
+    else:
+        # Existing user — gradually backfill contact_name if it still has a username-style value
+        await UserStore.backfill_contact_name(user_id, user_info)
+        await UserStore.backfill_user_email(user_id, user_info)
 
     if not user:
         logger.error(f'Failed to authenticate user {user_info["preferred_username"]}')
@@ -219,6 +249,7 @@ async def keycloak_callback(
                 user_ip=user_ip,
                 user_agent=user_agent,
                 email=email,
+                user_id=user_id,
             )
 
             if not result.allowed:
@@ -298,8 +329,13 @@ async def keycloak_callback(
         from server.routes.email import verify_email
 
         await verify_email(request=request, user_id=user_id, is_auth_flow=True)
-        redirect_url = f'{request.base_url}login?email_verification_required=true&user_id={user_id}'
-        response = RedirectResponse(redirect_url, status_code=302)
+        verification_redirect_url = f'{request.base_url}login?email_verification_required=true&user_id={user_id}'
+        # Preserve invitation token so it can be included in OAuth state after verification
+        if invitation_token:
+            verification_redirect_url = (
+                f'{verification_redirect_url}&invitation_token={invitation_token}'
+            )
+        response = RedirectResponse(verification_redirect_url, status_code=302)
         return response
 
     # default to github IDP for now.
@@ -377,14 +413,90 @@ async def keycloak_callback(
         )
 
     has_accepted_tos = user.accepted_tos is not None
+
+    # Process invitation token if present (after email verification but before TOS)
+    if invitation_token:
+        try:
+            logger.info(
+                'Processing invitation token during auth callback',
+                extra={
+                    'user_id': user_id,
+                    'invitation_token_prefix': invitation_token[:10] + '...',
+                },
+            )
+
+            await OrgInvitationService.accept_invitation(
+                invitation_token, parse_uuid(user_id)
+            )
+            logger.info(
+                'Invitation accepted during auth callback',
+                extra={'user_id': user_id},
+            )
+
+        except InvitationExpiredError:
+            logger.warning(
+                'Invitation expired during auth callback',
+                extra={'user_id': user_id},
+            )
+            # Add query param to redirect URL
+            if '?' in redirect_url:
+                redirect_url = f'{redirect_url}&invitation_expired=true'
+            else:
+                redirect_url = f'{redirect_url}?invitation_expired=true'
+
+        except InvitationInvalidError as e:
+            logger.warning(
+                'Invalid invitation during auth callback',
+                extra={'user_id': user_id, 'error': str(e)},
+            )
+            if '?' in redirect_url:
+                redirect_url = f'{redirect_url}&invitation_invalid=true'
+            else:
+                redirect_url = f'{redirect_url}?invitation_invalid=true'
+
+        except UserAlreadyMemberError:
+            logger.info(
+                'User already member during invitation acceptance',
+                extra={'user_id': user_id},
+            )
+            if '?' in redirect_url:
+                redirect_url = f'{redirect_url}&already_member=true'
+            else:
+                redirect_url = f'{redirect_url}?already_member=true'
+
+        except EmailMismatchError as e:
+            logger.warning(
+                'Email mismatch during auth callback invitation acceptance',
+                extra={'user_id': user_id, 'error': str(e)},
+            )
+            if '?' in redirect_url:
+                redirect_url = f'{redirect_url}&email_mismatch=true'
+            else:
+                redirect_url = f'{redirect_url}?email_mismatch=true'
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.exception(
+                'Unexpected error processing invitation during auth callback',
+                extra={'user_id': user_id, 'error': str(e)},
+            )
+            # Don't fail the login if invitation processing fails
+            if '?' in redirect_url:
+                redirect_url = f'{redirect_url}&invitation_error=true'
+            else:
+                redirect_url = f'{redirect_url}?invitation_error=true'
+
     # If the user hasn't accepted the TOS, redirect to the TOS page
     if not has_accepted_tos:
         encoded_redirect_url = quote(redirect_url, safe='')
         tos_redirect_url = (
             f'{request.base_url}accept-tos?redirect_url={encoded_redirect_url}'
         )
+        if invitation_token:
+            tos_redirect_url = f'{tos_redirect_url}&invitation_success=true'
         response = RedirectResponse(tos_redirect_url, status_code=302)
     else:
+        if invitation_token:
+            redirect_url = f'{redirect_url}&invitation_success=true'
         response = RedirectResponse(redirect_url, status_code=302)
 
     set_response_cookie(
@@ -438,7 +550,10 @@ async def keycloak_offline_callback(code: str, state: str, request: Request):
         user_id=user_info['sub'], offline_token=keycloak_refresh_token
     )
 
-    return RedirectResponse(state if state else request.base_url, status_code=302)
+    redirect_url, _, _ = _extract_oauth_state(state)
+    return RedirectResponse(
+        redirect_url if redirect_url else request.base_url, status_code=302
+    )
 
 
 @oauth_router.get('/github/callback')

enterprise/server/routes/billing.py

@@ -9,14 +9,13 @@ from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Request, status
 from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse
 from integrations import stripe_service
 from pydantic import BaseModel
-from server.constants import (
-    STRIPE_API_KEY,
-)
+from server.constants import STRIPE_API_KEY
 from server.logger import logger
 from starlette.datastructures import URL
 from storage.billing_session import BillingSession
 from storage.database import session_maker
 from storage.lite_llm_manager import LiteLlmManager
+from storage.org import Org
 from storage.subscription_access import SubscriptionAccess
 from storage.user_store import UserStore
 
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ from openhands.app_server.config import get_global_config
 from openhands.server.user_auth import get_user_id
 
 stripe.api_key = STRIPE_API_KEY
-billing_router = APIRouter(prefix='/api/billing')
+billing_router = APIRouter(prefix='/api/billing', tags=['Billing'])
 
 
 async def validate_billing_enabled() -> None:
@@ -94,9 +93,9 @@ async def get_credits(user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id)) -> GetCreditsResponse
     user_team_info = await LiteLlmManager.get_user_team_info(
         user_id, str(user.current_org_id)
     )
-    # Update to use calculate_credits
-    spend = user_team_info.get('spend', 0)
-    max_budget = (user_team_info.get('litellm_budget_table') or {}).get('max_budget', 0)
+    max_budget, spend = LiteLlmManager.get_budget_from_team_info(
+        user_team_info, user_id, str(user.current_org_id)
+    )
     credits = max(max_budget - spend, 0)
     return GetCreditsResponse(credits=Decimal('{:.2f}'.format(credits)))
 
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ async def create_customer_setup_session(
         customer=customer_info['customer_id'],
         mode='setup',
         payment_method_types=['card'],
-        success_url=f'{base_url}?free_credits=success',
+        success_url=f'{base_url}?setup=success',
         cancel_url=f'{base_url}',
     )
     return CreateBillingSessionResponse(redirect_url=checkout_session.url)
@@ -250,15 +249,21 @@ async def success_callback(session_id: str, request: Request):
         )
         amount_subtotal = stripe_session.amount_subtotal or 0
         add_credits = amount_subtotal / 100
-        max_budget = (user_team_info.get('litellm_budget_table') or {}).get(
-            'max_budget', 0
+        max_budget, _ = LiteLlmManager.get_budget_from_team_info(
+            user_team_info, billing_session.user_id, str(user.current_org_id)
         )
+
+        org = session.query(Org).filter(Org.id == user.current_org_id).first()
         new_max_budget = max_budget + add_credits
 
         await LiteLlmManager.update_team_and_users_budget(
             str(user.current_org_id), new_max_budget
         )
 
+        # Enable BYOR export for the org now that they've purchased credits
+        if org:
+            org.byor_export_enabled = True
+
         # Store transaction status
         billing_session.status = 'completed'
         billing_session.price = add_credits

enterprise/server/routes/email.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from server.auth.keycloak_manager import get_keycloak_admin
 from server.auth.saas_user_auth import SaasUserAuth
 from server.routes.auth import set_response_cookie
 from server.utils.rate_limit_utils import check_rate_limit_by_user_id
+from storage.user_store import UserStore
 
 from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
 from openhands.server.user_auth import get_user_id
@@ -62,6 +63,10 @@ async def update_email(
             },
         )
 
+        await UserStore.update_user_email(
+            user_id=user_id, email=email, email_verified=False
+        )
+
         user_auth: SaasUserAuth = await get_user_auth(request)
         await user_auth.refresh()  # refresh so access token has updated email
         user_auth.email = email
@@ -144,6 +149,7 @@ async def verified_email(request: Request):
     user_auth: SaasUserAuth = await get_user_auth(request)
     await user_auth.refresh()  # refresh so access token has updated email
     user_auth.email_verified = True
+    await UserStore.update_user_email(user_id=user_auth.user_id, email_verified=True)
     scheme = 'http' if request.url.hostname == 'localhost' else 'https'
     redirect_uri = f'{scheme}://{request.url.netloc}/settings/user'
     response = RedirectResponse(redirect_uri, status_code=302)

enterprise/server/routes/feedback.py

@@ -8,11 +8,18 @@ from storage.feedback import ConversationFeedback
 from storage.stored_conversation_metadata_saas import StoredConversationMetadataSaas
 
 from openhands.events.event_store import EventStore
+from openhands.server.dependencies import get_dependencies
 from openhands.server.shared import file_store
 from openhands.server.user_auth import get_user_id
 from openhands.utils.async_utils import call_sync_from_async
 
-router = APIRouter(prefix='/feedback', tags=['feedback'])
+# We use the get_dependencies method here to signal to the OpenAPI docs that this endpoint
+# is protected. The actual protection is provided by SetAuthCookieMiddleware
+# TODO: It may be an error by you can actually post feedback to a conversation you don't
+# own right now - maybe this is useful in the context of public shared conversations?
+router = APIRouter(
+    prefix='/feedback', tags=['feedback'], dependencies=get_dependencies()
+)
 
 
 async def get_event_ids(conversation_id: str, user_id: str) -> List[int]:

enterprise/server/routes/integration/jira.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import json
 import os
 import re
 import uuid
-from urllib.parse import urlparse
+from urllib.parse import urlencode, urlparse
 
 import requests
 from fastapi import APIRouter, BackgroundTasks, Header, HTTPException, Request, status
@@ -371,9 +371,7 @@ async def create_jira_workspace(request: Request, workspace_data: JiraWorkspaceC
             'prompt': 'consent',
         }
 
-        auth_url = (
-            f"{JIRA_AUTH_URL}?{'&'.join([f'{k}={v}' for k, v in auth_params.items()])}"
-        )
+        auth_url = f'{JIRA_AUTH_URL}?{urlencode(auth_params)}'
 
         return JSONResponse(
             content={
@@ -432,9 +430,7 @@ async def create_workspace_link(request: Request, link_data: JiraLinkCreate):
             'response_type': 'code',
             'prompt': 'consent',
         }
-        auth_url = (
-            f"{JIRA_AUTH_URL}?{'&'.join([f'{k}={v}' for k, v in auth_params.items()])}"
-        )
+        auth_url = f'{JIRA_AUTH_URL}?{urlencode(auth_params)}'
 
         return JSONResponse(
             content={

enterprise/server/routes/integration/jira_dc.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import json
 import os
 import re
 import uuid
-from urllib.parse import urlparse
+from urllib.parse import urlencode, urlparse
 
 import requests
 from fastapi import (
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ async def create_jira_dc_workspace(
                 'response_type': 'code',
             }
 
-            auth_url = f"{JIRA_DC_AUTH_URL}?{'&'.join([f'{k}={v}' for k, v in auth_params.items()])}"
+            auth_url = f'{JIRA_DC_AUTH_URL}?{urlencode(auth_params)}'
 
             return JSONResponse(
                 content={
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ async def create_workspace_link(request: Request, link_data: JiraDcLinkCreate):
                 'state': state,
                 'response_type': 'code',
             }
-            auth_url = f"{JIRA_DC_AUTH_URL}?{'&'.join([f'{k}={v}' for k, v in auth_params.items()])}"
+            auth_url = f'{JIRA_DC_AUTH_URL}?{urlencode(auth_params)}'
 
             return JSONResponse(
                 content={

enterprise/server/routes/oauth_device.py

@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ async def device_verification_authenticated(
         try:
             # Create a unique API key for this device using user_code in the name
             device_key_name = f'{API_KEY_NAME} ({user_code})'
-            api_key_store.create_api_key(
+            await api_key_store.create_api_key(
                 user_id,
                 name=device_key_name,
                 expires_at=datetime.now(UTC) + KEY_EXPIRATION_TIME,

enterprise/server/routes/org_invitation_models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+"""
+Pydantic models and custom exceptions for organization invitations.
+"""
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr
+from storage.org_invitation import OrgInvitation
+from storage.role_store import RoleStore
+
+
+class InvitationError(Exception):
+    """Base exception for invitation errors."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class InvitationAlreadyExistsError(InvitationError):
+    """Raised when a pending invitation already exists for the email."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, message: str = 'A pending invitation already exists for this email'
+    ):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class UserAlreadyMemberError(InvitationError):
+    """Raised when the user is already a member of the organization."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = 'User is already a member of this organization'):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class InvitationExpiredError(InvitationError):
+    """Raised when the invitation has expired."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = 'Invitation has expired'):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class InvitationInvalidError(InvitationError):
+    """Raised when the invitation is invalid or revoked."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = 'Invitation is no longer valid'):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class InsufficientPermissionError(InvitationError):
+    """Raised when the user lacks permission to perform the action."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = 'Insufficient permission'):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class EmailMismatchError(InvitationError):
+    """Raised when the accepting user's email doesn't match the invitation email."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = 'Your email does not match the invitation'):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class InvitationCreate(BaseModel):
+    """Request model for creating invitation(s)."""
+
+    emails: list[EmailStr]
+    role: str = 'member'  # Default to member role
+
+
+class InvitationResponse(BaseModel):
+    """Response model for invitation details."""
+
+    id: int
+    email: str
+    role: str
+    status: str
+    created_at: str
+    expires_at: str
+    inviter_email: str | None = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_invitation(
+        cls,
+        invitation: OrgInvitation,
+        inviter_email: str | None = None,
+    ) -> 'InvitationResponse':
+        """Create an InvitationResponse from an OrgInvitation entity.
+
+        Args:
+            invitation: The invitation entity to convert
+            inviter_email: Optional email of the inviter
+
+        Returns:
+            InvitationResponse: The response model instance
+        """
+        role_name = ''
+        if invitation.role:
+            role_name = invitation.role.name
+        elif invitation.role_id:
+            role = RoleStore.get_role_by_id(invitation.role_id)
+            role_name = role.name if role else ''
+
+        return cls(
+            id=invitation.id,
+            email=invitation.email,
+            role=role_name,
+            status=invitation.status,
+            created_at=invitation.created_at.isoformat(),
+            expires_at=invitation.expires_at.isoformat(),
+            inviter_email=inviter_email,
+        )
+
+
+class InvitationFailure(BaseModel):
+    """Response model for a failed invitation."""
+
+    email: str
+    error: str
+
+
+class BatchInvitationResponse(BaseModel):
+    """Response model for batch invitation creation."""
+
+    successful: list[InvitationResponse]
+    failed: list[InvitationFailure]

enterprise/server/routes/org_invitations.py

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+"""API routes for organization invitations."""
+
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Request, status
+from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse
+from server.routes.org_invitation_models import (
+    BatchInvitationResponse,
+    EmailMismatchError,
+    InsufficientPermissionError,
+    InvitationCreate,
+    InvitationExpiredError,
+    InvitationFailure,
+    InvitationInvalidError,
+    InvitationResponse,
+    UserAlreadyMemberError,
+)
+from server.services.org_invitation_service import OrgInvitationService
+from server.utils.rate_limit_utils import check_rate_limit_by_user_id
+
+from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
+from openhands.server.user_auth import get_user_id
+from openhands.server.user_auth.user_auth import get_user_auth
+
+# Router for invitation operations on an organization (requires org_id)
+invitation_router = APIRouter(prefix='/api/organizations/{org_id}/members')
+
+# Router for accepting invitations (no org_id required)
+accept_router = APIRouter(prefix='/api/organizations/members/invite')
+
+
+@invitation_router.post(
+    '/invite',
+    response_model=BatchInvitationResponse,
+    status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED,
+)
+async def create_invitation(
+    org_id: UUID,
+    invitation_data: InvitationCreate,
+    request: Request,
+    user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id),
+):
+    """Create organization invitations for multiple email addresses.
+
+    Sends emails to invitees with secure links to join the organization.
+    Supports batch invitations - some may succeed while others fail.
+
+    Permission rules:
+    - Only owners and admins can create invitations
+    - Admins can only invite with 'member' or 'admin' role (not 'owner')
+    - Owners can invite with any role
+
+    Args:
+        org_id: Organization UUID
+        invitation_data: Invitation details (emails array, role)
+        request: FastAPI request
+        user_id: Authenticated user ID (from dependency)
+
+    Returns:
+        BatchInvitationResponse: Lists of successful and failed invitations
+
+    Raises:
+        HTTPException 400: Invalid role or organization not found
+        HTTPException 403: User lacks permission to invite
+        HTTPException 429: Rate limit exceeded
+    """
+    # Rate limit: 10 invitations per minute per user (6 seconds between requests)
+    await check_rate_limit_by_user_id(
+        request=request,
+        key_prefix='org_invitation_create',
+        user_id=user_id,
+        user_rate_limit_seconds=6,
+    )
+
+    try:
+        successful, failed = await OrgInvitationService.create_invitations_batch(
+            org_id=org_id,
+            emails=[str(email) for email in invitation_data.emails],
+            role_name=invitation_data.role,
+            inviter_id=UUID(user_id),
+        )
+
+        logger.info(
+            'Batch organization invitations created',
+            extra={
+                'org_id': str(org_id),
+                'total_emails': len(invitation_data.emails),
+                'successful': len(successful),
+                'failed': len(failed),
+                'inviter_id': user_id,
+            },
+        )
+
+        return BatchInvitationResponse(
+            successful=[InvitationResponse.from_invitation(inv) for inv in successful],
+            failed=[
+                InvitationFailure(email=email, error=error) for email, error in failed
+            ],
+        )
+
+    except InsufficientPermissionError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+            detail=str(e),
+        )
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+            detail=str(e),
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.exception(
+            'Unexpected error creating batch invitations',
+            extra={'org_id': str(org_id), 'error': str(e)},
+        )
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='An unexpected error occurred',
+        )
+
+
+@accept_router.get('/accept')
+async def accept_invitation(
+    token: str,
+    request: Request,
+):
+    """Accept an organization invitation via token.
+
+    This endpoint is accessed via the link in the invitation email.
+
+    Flow:
+    1. If user is authenticated: Accept invitation directly and redirect to home
+    2. If user is not authenticated: Redirect to login page with invitation token
+       - Frontend stores token and includes it in OAuth state during login
+       - After authentication, keycloak_callback processes the invitation
+
+    Args:
+        token: The invitation token from the email link
+        request: FastAPI request
+
+    Returns:
+        RedirectResponse: Redirect to home page on success, or login page if not authenticated,
+                         or home page with error query params on failure
+    """
+    base_url = str(request.base_url).rstrip('/')
+
+    # Try to get user_id from auth (may not be authenticated)
+    user_id = None
+    try:
+        user_auth = await get_user_auth(request)
+        if user_auth:
+            user_id = await user_auth.get_user_id()
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+    if not user_id:
+        # User not authenticated - redirect to login page with invitation token
+        # Frontend will store the token and include it in OAuth state during login
+        logger.info(
+            'Invitation accept: redirecting unauthenticated user to login',
+            extra={'token_prefix': token[:10] + '...'},
+        )
+        login_url = f'{base_url}/login?invitation_token={token}'
+        return RedirectResponse(login_url, status_code=302)
+
+    # User is authenticated - process the invitation directly
+    try:
+        await OrgInvitationService.accept_invitation(token, UUID(user_id))
+
+        logger.info(
+            'Invitation accepted successfully',
+            extra={
+                'token_prefix': token[:10] + '...',
+                'user_id': user_id,
+            },
+        )
+
+        # Redirect to home page on success
+        return RedirectResponse(f'{base_url}/', status_code=302)
+
+    except InvitationExpiredError:
+        logger.warning(
+            'Invitation accept failed: expired',
+            extra={'token_prefix': token[:10] + '...', 'user_id': user_id},
+        )
+        return RedirectResponse(f'{base_url}/?invitation_expired=true', status_code=302)
+
+    except InvitationInvalidError as e:
+        logger.warning(
+            'Invitation accept failed: invalid',
+            extra={
+                'token_prefix': token[:10] + '...',
+                'user_id': user_id,
+                'error': str(e),
+            },
+        )
+        return RedirectResponse(f'{base_url}/?invitation_invalid=true', status_code=302)
+
+    except UserAlreadyMemberError:
+        logger.info(
+            'Invitation accept: user already member',
+            extra={'token_prefix': token[:10] + '...', 'user_id': user_id},
+        )
+        return RedirectResponse(f'{base_url}/?already_member=true', status_code=302)
+
+    except EmailMismatchError as e:
+        logger.warning(
+            'Invitation accept failed: email mismatch',
+            extra={
+                'token_prefix': token[:10] + '...',
+                'user_id': user_id,
+                'error': str(e),
+            },
+        )
+        return RedirectResponse(f'{base_url}/?email_mismatch=true', status_code=302)
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.exception(
+            'Unexpected error accepting invitation',
+            extra={
+                'token_prefix': token[:10] + '...',
+                'user_id': user_id,
+                'error': str(e),
+            },
+        )
+        return RedirectResponse(f'{base_url}/?invitation_error=true', status_code=302)

enterprise/server/routes/org_models.py

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr, Field
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr, Field, SecretStr, StringConstraints
 from storage.org import Org
+from storage.org_member import OrgMember
+from storage.role import Role
 
 
 class OrgCreationError(Exception):
@@ -41,6 +45,16 @@ class OrgAuthorizationError(OrgDeletionError):
         super().__init__(message)
 
 
+class OrphanedUserError(OrgDeletionError):
+    """Raised when deleting an org would leave users without any organization."""
+
+    def __init__(self, user_ids: list[str]):
+        self.user_ids = user_ids
+        super().__init__(
+            f'Cannot delete organization: {len(user_ids)} user(s) would have no remaining organization'
+        )
+
+
 class OrgNotFoundError(Exception):
     """Raised when organization is not found or user doesn't have access."""
 
@@ -49,13 +63,70 @@ class OrgNotFoundError(Exception):
         super().__init__(f'Organization with id "{org_id}" not found')
 
 
+class OrgMemberNotFoundError(Exception):
+    """Raised when a member is not found in an organization."""
+
+    def __init__(self, org_id: str, user_id: str):
+        self.org_id = org_id
+        self.user_id = user_id
+        super().__init__(f'Member "{user_id}" not found in organization "{org_id}"')
+
+
+class RoleNotFoundError(Exception):
+    """Raised when a role is not found."""
+
+    def __init__(self, role_id: int):
+        self.role_id = role_id
+        super().__init__(f'Role with id "{role_id}" not found')
+
+
+class InvalidRoleError(Exception):
+    """Raised when an invalid role name is specified."""
+
+    def __init__(self, role_name: str):
+        self.role_name = role_name
+        super().__init__(f'Invalid role: "{role_name}"')
+
+
+class InsufficientPermissionError(Exception):
+    """Raised when user lacks permission to perform an operation."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = 'Insufficient permission'):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class CannotModifySelfError(Exception):
+    """Raised when user attempts to modify their own membership."""
+
+    def __init__(self, action: str = 'modify'):
+        self.action = action
+        super().__init__(f'Cannot {action} your own membership')
+
+
+class LastOwnerError(Exception):
+    """Raised when attempting to remove or demote the last owner."""
+
+    def __init__(self, action: str = 'remove'):
+        self.action = action
+        super().__init__(f'Cannot {action} the last owner of an organization')
+
+
+class MemberUpdateError(Exception):
+    """Raised when member update operation fails."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = 'Failed to update member'):
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
 class OrgCreate(BaseModel):
     """Request model for creating a new organization."""
 
     # Required fields
-    name: str = Field(min_length=1, max_length=255, strip_whitespace=True)
+    name: Annotated[
+        str, StringConstraints(strip_whitespace=True, min_length=1, max_length=255)
+    ]
     contact_name: str
-    contact_email: EmailStr = Field(strip_whitespace=True)
+    contact_email: EmailStr
 
 
 class OrgResponse(BaseModel):
@@ -87,14 +158,18 @@ class OrgResponse(BaseModel):
     enable_solvability_analysis: bool | None = None
     v1_enabled: bool | None = None
     credits: float | None = None
+    is_personal: bool = False
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_org(cls, org: Org, credits: float | None = None) -> 'OrgResponse':
+    def from_org(
+        cls, org: Org, credits: float | None = None, user_id: str | None = None
+    ) -> 'OrgResponse':
         """Create an OrgResponse from an Org entity.
 
         Args:
             org: The organization entity to convert
             credits: Optional credits value (defaults to None)
+            user_id: Optional user ID to determine if org is personal (defaults to None)
 
         Returns:
             OrgResponse: The response model instance
@@ -130,6 +205,7 @@ class OrgResponse(BaseModel):
             enable_solvability_analysis=org.enable_solvability_analysis,
             v1_enabled=org.v1_enabled,
             credits=credits,
+            is_personal=str(org.id) == user_id if user_id else False,
         )
 
 
@@ -138,14 +214,19 @@ class OrgPage(BaseModel):
 
     items: list[OrgResponse]
     next_page_id: str | None = None
+    current_org_id: str | None = None
 
 
 class OrgUpdate(BaseModel):
     """Request model for updating an organization."""
 
     # Basic organization information (any authenticated user can update)
+    name: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        StringConstraints(strip_whitespace=True, min_length=1, max_length=255),
+    ] = None
     contact_name: str | None = None
-    contact_email: EmailStr | None = Field(default=None, strip_whitespace=True)
+    contact_email: EmailStr | None = None
     conversation_expiration: int | None = None
     default_max_iterations: int | None = Field(default=None, gt=0)
     remote_runtime_resource_factor: int | None = Field(default=None, gt=0)
@@ -169,3 +250,80 @@ class OrgUpdate(BaseModel):
     confirmation_mode: bool | None = None
     enable_default_condenser: bool | None = None
     condenser_max_size: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=20)
+
+
+class OrgMemberResponse(BaseModel):
+    """Response model for a single organization member."""
+
+    user_id: str
+    email: str | None
+    role_id: int
+    role: str
+    role_rank: int
+    status: str | None
+
+
+class OrgMemberPage(BaseModel):
+    """Paginated response for organization members."""
+
+    items: list[OrgMemberResponse]
+    current_page: int = 1
+    per_page: int = 10
+
+
+class OrgMemberUpdate(BaseModel):
+    """Request model for updating an organization member."""
+
+    role: str | None = None  # Role name: 'owner', 'admin', or 'member'
+
+
+class MeResponse(BaseModel):
+    """Response model for the current user's membership in an organization."""
+
+    org_id: str
+    user_id: str
+    email: str
+    role: str
+    llm_api_key: str
+    max_iterations: int | None = None
+    llm_model: str | None = None
+    llm_api_key_for_byor: str | None = None
+    llm_base_url: str | None = None
+    status: str | None = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _mask_key(secret: SecretStr | None) -> str:
+        """Mask an API key, showing only last 4 characters."""
+        if secret is None:
+            return ''
+        raw = secret.get_secret_value()
+        if not raw:
+            return ''
+        if len(raw) <= 4:
+            return '****'
+        return '****' + raw[-4:]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_org_member(cls, member: OrgMember, role: Role, email: str) -> 'MeResponse':
+        """Create a MeResponse from an OrgMember, Role, and user email.
+
+        Args:
+            member: The OrgMember entity
+            role: The Role entity (provides role name)
+            email: The user's email address
+
+        Returns:
+            MeResponse with masked API keys
+        """
+        return cls(
+            org_id=str(member.org_id),
+            user_id=str(member.user_id),
+            email=email,
+            role=role.name,
+            llm_api_key=cls._mask_key(member.llm_api_key),
+            max_iterations=member.max_iterations,
+            llm_model=member.llm_model,
+            llm_api_key_for_byor=cls._mask_key(member.llm_api_key_for_byor) or None,
+            llm_base_url=member.llm_base_url,
+            status=member.status,
+        )

enterprise/server/routes/orgs.py

@@ -2,25 +2,43 @@ from typing import Annotated
 from uuid import UUID
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Query, status
+from server.auth.authorization import (
+    Permission,
+    require_permission,
+)
 from server.email_validation import get_admin_user_id
 from server.routes.org_models import (
+    CannotModifySelfError,
+    InsufficientPermissionError,
+    InvalidRoleError,
+    LastOwnerError,
     LiteLLMIntegrationError,
+    MemberUpdateError,
+    MeResponse,
     OrgAuthorizationError,
     OrgCreate,
     OrgDatabaseError,
+    OrgMemberNotFoundError,
+    OrgMemberPage,
+    OrgMemberResponse,
+    OrgMemberUpdate,
     OrgNameExistsError,
     OrgNotFoundError,
     OrgPage,
     OrgResponse,
     OrgUpdate,
+    OrphanedUserError,
+    RoleNotFoundError,
 )
+from server.services.org_member_service import OrgMemberService
 from storage.org_service import OrgService
+from storage.user_store import UserStore
 
 from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
 from openhands.server.user_auth import get_user_id
 
 # Initialize API router
-org_router = APIRouter(prefix='/api/organizations')
+org_router = APIRouter(prefix='/api/organizations', tags=['Orgs'])
 
 
 @org_router.get('', response_model=OrgPage)
@@ -61,6 +79,12 @@ async def list_user_orgs(
     )
 
     try:
+        # Fetch user to get current_org_id
+        user = await UserStore.get_user_by_id_async(user_id)
+        current_org_id = (
+            str(user.current_org_id) if user and user.current_org_id else None
+        )
+
         # Fetch organizations from service layer
         orgs, next_page_id = OrgService.get_user_orgs_paginated(
             user_id=user_id,
@@ -69,7 +93,9 @@ async def list_user_orgs(
         )
 
         # Convert Org entities to OrgResponse objects
-        org_responses = [OrgResponse.from_org(org, credits=None) for org in orgs]
+        org_responses = [
+            OrgResponse.from_org(org, credits=None, user_id=user_id) for org in orgs
+        ]
 
         logger.info(
             'Successfully retrieved organizations',
@@ -80,7 +106,11 @@ async def list_user_orgs(
             },
         )
 
-        return OrgPage(items=org_responses, next_page_id=next_page_id)
+        return OrgPage(
+            items=org_responses,
+            next_page_id=next_page_id,
+            current_org_id=current_org_id,
+        )
 
     except Exception as e:
         logger.exception(
@@ -136,7 +166,7 @@ async def create_org(
         # Retrieve credits from LiteLLM
         credits = await OrgService.get_org_credits(user_id, org.id)
 
-        return OrgResponse.from_org(org, credits=credits)
+        return OrgResponse.from_org(org, credits=credits, user_id=user_id)
     except OrgNameExistsError as e:
         raise HTTPException(
             status_code=status.HTTP_409_CONFLICT,
@@ -174,23 +204,26 @@ async def create_org(
 @org_router.get('/{org_id}', response_model=OrgResponse, status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK)
 async def get_org(
     org_id: UUID,
-    user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id),
+    user_id: str = Depends(require_permission(Permission.VIEW_ORG_SETTINGS)),
 ) -> OrgResponse:
     """Get organization details by ID.
 
-    This endpoint allows authenticated users who are members of an organization
-    to retrieve its details. Only members of the organization can access this endpoint.
+    This endpoint retrieves details for a specific organization. Access requires
+    the VIEW_ORG_SETTINGS permission, which is granted to all organization members
+    (member, admin, and owner roles).
 
     Args:
         org_id: Organization ID (UUID)
-        user_id: Authenticated user ID (injected by dependency)
+        user_id: Authenticated user ID (injected by require_permission dependency)
 
     Returns:
         OrgResponse: The organization details
 
     Raises:
+        HTTPException: 401 if user is not authenticated
+        HTTPException: 403 if user lacks VIEW_ORG_SETTINGS permission
+        HTTPException: 404 if organization not found
         HTTPException: 422 if org_id is not a valid UUID (handled by FastAPI)
-        HTTPException: 404 if organization not found or user is not a member
         HTTPException: 500 if retrieval fails
     """
     logger.info(
@@ -211,7 +244,7 @@ async def get_org(
         # Retrieve credits from LiteLLM
         credits = await OrgService.get_org_credits(user_id, org.id)
 
-        return OrgResponse.from_org(org, credits=credits)
+        return OrgResponse.from_org(org, credits=credits, user_id=user_id)
     except OrgNotFoundError as e:
         raise HTTPException(
             status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
@@ -228,26 +261,86 @@ async def get_org(
         )
 
 
+@org_router.get('/{org_id}/me', response_model=MeResponse)
+async def get_me(
+    org_id: UUID,
+    user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id),
+) -> MeResponse:
+    """Get the current user's membership record for an organization.
+
+    Returns the authenticated user's role, status, email, and LLM override
+    fields (with masked API keys) within the specified organization.
+
+    Args:
+        org_id: Organization ID (UUID)
+        user_id: Authenticated user ID (injected by dependency)
+
+    Returns:
+        MeResponse: The user's membership data
+
+    Raises:
+        HTTPException: 404 if user is not a member or org doesn't exist
+        HTTPException: 500 if retrieval fails
+    """
+    logger.info(
+        'Retrieving current member details',
+        extra={'user_id': user_id, 'org_id': str(org_id)},
+    )
+
+    try:
+        user_uuid = UUID(user_id)
+        return OrgMemberService.get_me(org_id, user_uuid)
+
+    except OrgMemberNotFoundError:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
+            detail=f'Organization with id "{org_id}" not found',
+        )
+    except RoleNotFoundError as e:
+        logger.exception(
+            'Role not found for org member',
+            extra={
+                'user_id': user_id,
+                'org_id': str(org_id),
+                'role_id': e.role_id,
+            },
+        )
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='An unexpected error occurred',
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.exception(
+            'Unexpected error retrieving member details',
+            extra={'user_id': user_id, 'org_id': str(org_id), 'error': str(e)},
+        )
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='An unexpected error occurred',
+        )
+
+
 @org_router.delete('/{org_id}', status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK)
 async def delete_org(
     org_id: UUID,
-    user_id: str = Depends(get_admin_user_id),
+    user_id: str = Depends(require_permission(Permission.DELETE_ORGANIZATION)),
 ) -> dict:
     """Delete an organization.
 
-    This endpoint allows authenticated organization owners to delete their organization.
-    All associated data including organization members, conversations, billing data,
-    and external LiteLLM team resources will be permanently removed.
+    This endpoint permanently deletes an organization and all associated data including
+    organization members, conversations, billing data, and external LiteLLM team resources.
+    Access requires the DELETE_ORGANIZATION permission, which is granted only to owners.
 
     Args:
-        org_id: Organization ID to delete
-        user_id: Authenticated user ID (injected by dependency)
+        org_id: Organization ID to delete (UUID)
+        user_id: Authenticated user ID (injected by require_permission dependency)
 
     Returns:
         dict: Confirmation message with deleted organization details
 
     Raises:
-        HTTPException: 403 if user is not the organization owner
+        HTTPException: 401 if user is not authenticated
+        HTTPException: 403 if user lacks DELETE_ORGANIZATION permission
         HTTPException: 404 if organization not found
         HTTPException: 500 if deletion fails
     """
@@ -303,6 +396,19 @@ async def delete_org(
             status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
             detail=str(e),
         )
+    except OrphanedUserError as e:
+        logger.warning(
+            'Cannot delete organization: users would be orphaned',
+            extra={
+                'user_id': user_id,
+                'org_id': str(org_id),
+                'orphaned_users': e.user_ids,
+            },
+        )
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+            detail=str(e),
+        )
     except OrgDatabaseError as e:
         logger.error(
             'Database error during organization deletion',
@@ -327,25 +433,26 @@ async def delete_org(
 async def update_org(
     org_id: UUID,
     update_data: OrgUpdate,
-    user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id),
+    user_id: str = Depends(require_permission(Permission.EDIT_ORG_SETTINGS)),
 ) -> OrgResponse:
     """Update an existing organization.
 
-    This endpoint allows authenticated users to update organization settings.
-    LLM-related settings require admin or owner role in the organization.
+    This endpoint updates organization settings. Access requires the EDIT_ORG_SETTINGS
+    permission, which is granted to admin and owner roles.
 
     Args:
-        org_id: Organization ID to update (UUID validated by FastAPI)
+        org_id: Organization ID to update (UUID)
         update_data: Organization update data
-        user_id: Authenticated user ID (injected by dependency)
+        user_id: Authenticated user ID (injected by require_permission dependency)
 
     Returns:
         OrgResponse: The updated organization details
 
     Raises:
-        HTTPException: 400 if org_id is invalid UUID format (handled by FastAPI)
-        HTTPException: 403 if user lacks permission for LLM settings
+        HTTPException: 401 if user is not authenticated
+        HTTPException: 403 if user lacks EDIT_ORG_SETTINGS permission
         HTTPException: 404 if organization not found
+        HTTPException: 409 if organization name already exists
         HTTPException: 422 if validation errors occur (handled by FastAPI)
         HTTPException: 500 if update fails
     """
@@ -368,7 +475,7 @@ async def update_org(
         # Retrieve credits from LiteLLM (following same pattern as create endpoint)
         credits = await OrgService.get_org_credits(user_id, updated_org.id)
 
-        return OrgResponse.from_org(updated_org, credits=credits)
+        return OrgResponse.from_org(updated_org, credits=credits, user_id=user_id)
 
     except ValueError as e:
         # Organization not found
@@ -376,6 +483,11 @@ async def update_org(
             status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
             detail=str(e),
         )
+    except OrgNameExistsError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_409_CONFLICT,
+            detail=str(e),
+        )
     except PermissionError as e:
         # User lacks permission for LLM settings
         raise HTTPException(
@@ -400,3 +512,384 @@ async def update_org(
             status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
             detail='An unexpected error occurred',
         )
+
+
+@org_router.get('/{org_id}/members')
+async def get_org_members(
+    org_id: UUID,
+    page_id: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Query(title='Optional page offset for pagination'),
+    ] = None,
+    limit: Annotated[
+        int,
+        Query(
+            title='The max number of results in the page',
+            gt=0,
+            lte=100,
+        ),
+    ] = 10,
+    email: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Query(
+            title='Filter members by email (case-insensitive partial match)',
+            min_length=1,
+            max_length=255,
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    user_id: str = Depends(require_permission(Permission.VIEW_ORG_SETTINGS)),
+) -> OrgMemberPage:
+    """Get all members of an organization with pagination and optional email filter.
+
+    This endpoint retrieves a paginated list of organization members. Access requires
+    the VIEW_ORG_SETTINGS permission, which is granted to all organization members
+    (member, admin, and owner roles).
+
+    Args:
+        org_id: Organization ID (UUID)
+        page_id: Optional page offset for pagination
+        limit: Maximum number of members to return (1-100, default 10)
+        email: Optional email filter (case-insensitive partial match)
+        user_id: Authenticated user ID (injected by require_permission dependency)
+
+    Returns:
+        OrgMemberPage: Paginated list of organization members with
+            current_page and per_page metadata. Use the /count endpoint
+            to get the total count separately.
+
+    Raises:
+        HTTPException: 401 if user is not authenticated
+        HTTPException: 403 if user lacks VIEW_ORG_SETTINGS permission
+        HTTPException: 400 if org_id or page_id format is invalid
+        HTTPException: 500 if retrieval fails
+    """
+    try:
+        success, error_code, data = await OrgMemberService.get_org_members(
+            org_id=org_id,
+            current_user_id=UUID(user_id),
+            page_id=page_id,
+            limit=limit,
+            email_filter=email,
+        )
+
+        if not success:
+            error_map = {
+                'not_a_member': (
+                    status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+                    'You are not a member of this organization',
+                ),
+                'invalid_page_id': (
+                    status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+                    'Invalid page_id format',
+                ),
+            }
+            status_code, detail = error_map.get(
+                error_code, (status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, 'An error occurred')
+            )
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=status_code, detail=detail)
+
+        if data is None:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                detail='Failed to retrieve members',
+            )
+
+        return data
+
+    except HTTPException:
+        raise
+    except ValueError:
+        logger.exception('Invalid UUID format')
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+            detail='Invalid organization ID format',
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        logger.exception('Error retrieving organization members')
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='Failed to retrieve members',
+        )
+
+
+@org_router.get('/{org_id}/members/count')
+async def get_org_members_count(
+    org_id: UUID,
+    email: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Query(
+            title='Filter members by email (case-insensitive partial match)',
+            min_length=1,
+            max_length=255,
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    user_id: str = Depends(require_permission(Permission.VIEW_ORG_SETTINGS)),
+) -> int:
+    """Get count of organization members with optional email filter.
+
+    This endpoint returns the total count of organization members matching
+    the filter criteria. Access requires the VIEW_ORG_SETTINGS permission,
+    which is granted to all organization members (member, admin, and owner roles).
+
+    Args:
+        org_id: Organization ID (UUID)
+        email: Optional email filter (case-insensitive partial match)
+        user_id: Authenticated user ID (injected by require_permission dependency)
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Total count of organization members matching the filter
+
+    Raises:
+        HTTPException: 401 if user is not authenticated
+        HTTPException: 403 if user lacks VIEW_ORG_SETTINGS permission or is not a member
+        HTTPException: 400 if org_id format is invalid
+        HTTPException: 500 if retrieval fails
+    """
+    try:
+        return await OrgMemberService.get_org_members_count(
+            org_id=org_id,
+            current_user_id=UUID(user_id),
+            email_filter=email,
+        )
+    except OrgMemberNotFoundError:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+            detail='You are not a member of this organization',
+        )
+    except ValueError:
+        logger.exception('Invalid UUID format')
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+            detail='Invalid organization ID format',
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        logger.exception('Error retrieving organization member count')
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='Failed to retrieve member count',
+        )
+
+
+@org_router.delete('/{org_id}/members/{user_id}')
+async def remove_org_member(
+    org_id: UUID,
+    user_id: str,
+    current_user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id),
+):
+    """Remove a member from an organization.
+
+    Only owners and admins can remove members:
+    - Owners can remove admins and regular users
+    - Admins can only remove regular users
+
+    Users cannot remove themselves. The last owner cannot be removed.
+    """
+    try:
+        success, error = await OrgMemberService.remove_org_member(
+            org_id=org_id,
+            target_user_id=UUID(user_id),
+            current_user_id=UUID(current_user_id),
+        )
+
+        if not success:
+            error_map = {
+                'not_a_member': (
+                    status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+                    'You are not a member of this organization',
+                ),
+                'cannot_remove_self': (
+                    status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+                    'Cannot remove yourself from an organization',
+                ),
+                'member_not_found': (
+                    status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
+                    'Member not found in this organization',
+                ),
+                'insufficient_permission': (
+                    status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+                    'You do not have permission to remove this member',
+                ),
+                'cannot_remove_last_owner': (
+                    status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+                    'Cannot remove the last owner of an organization',
+                ),
+                'removal_failed': (
+                    status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                    'Failed to remove member',
+                ),
+            }
+            status_code, detail = error_map.get(
+                error, (status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, 'An error occurred')
+            )
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=status_code, detail=detail)
+
+        return {'message': 'Member removed successfully'}
+
+    except HTTPException:
+        raise
+    except ValueError:
+        logger.exception('Invalid UUID format')
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+            detail='Invalid organization or user ID format',
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        logger.exception('Error removing organization member')
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='Failed to remove member',
+        )
+
+
+@org_router.post(
+    '/{org_id}/switch', response_model=OrgResponse, status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK
+)
+async def switch_org(
+    org_id: UUID,
+    user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id),
+) -> OrgResponse:
+    """Switch to a different organization.
+
+    This endpoint allows authenticated users to switch their current active
+    organization. The user must be a member of the target organization.
+
+    Args:
+        org_id: Organization ID to switch to (UUID)
+        user_id: Authenticated user ID (injected by dependency)
+
+    Returns:
+        OrgResponse: The organization details that was switched to
+
+    Raises:
+        HTTPException: 422 if org_id is not a valid UUID (handled by FastAPI)
+        HTTPException: 403 if user is not a member of the organization
+        HTTPException: 404 if organization not found
+        HTTPException: 500 if switch fails
+    """
+    logger.info(
+        'Switching organization',
+        extra={
+            'user_id': user_id,
+            'org_id': str(org_id),
+        },
+    )
+
+    try:
+        # Use service layer to switch organization with membership validation
+        org = await OrgService.switch_org(
+            user_id=user_id,
+            org_id=org_id,
+        )
+
+        # Retrieve credits from LiteLLM for the new current org
+        credits = await OrgService.get_org_credits(user_id, org.id)
+
+        return OrgResponse.from_org(org, credits=credits, user_id=user_id)
+
+    except OrgNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
+            detail=str(e),
+        )
+    except OrgAuthorizationError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+            detail=str(e),
+        )
+    except OrgDatabaseError as e:
+        logger.error(
+            'Database operation failed during organization switch',
+            extra={'user_id': user_id, 'org_id': str(org_id), 'error': str(e)},
+        )
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='Failed to switch organization',
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.exception(
+            'Unexpected error switching organization',
+            extra={'user_id': user_id, 'org_id': str(org_id), 'error': str(e)},
+        )
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='An unexpected error occurred',
+        )
+
+
+@org_router.patch('/{org_id}/members/{user_id}', response_model=OrgMemberResponse)
+async def update_org_member(
+    org_id: UUID,
+    user_id: str,
+    update_data: OrgMemberUpdate,
+    current_user_id: str = Depends(get_user_id),
+) -> OrgMemberResponse:
+    """Update a member's role in an organization.
+
+    Permission rules:
+    - Admins can change roles of regular members to Admin or Member
+    - Admins cannot modify other Admins or Owners
+    - Owners can change roles of Admins and Members to any role (Owner, Admin, Member)
+    - Owners cannot modify other Owners
+
+    Members cannot modify their own role. The last owner cannot be demoted.
+    """
+    try:
+        return await OrgMemberService.update_org_member(
+            org_id=org_id,
+            target_user_id=UUID(user_id),
+            current_user_id=UUID(current_user_id),
+            update_data=update_data,
+        )
+    except OrgMemberNotFoundError as e:
+        # Distinguish between requester not being a member vs target not found
+        if str(current_user_id) in str(e):
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+                detail='You are not a member of this organization',
+            )
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
+            detail='Member not found in this organization',
+        )
+    except CannotModifySelfError:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+            detail='Cannot modify your own role',
+        )
+    except RoleNotFoundError:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='Role configuration error',
+        )
+    except InvalidRoleError:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+            detail='Invalid role specified',
+        )
+    except InsufficientPermissionError:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+            detail='You do not have permission to modify this member',
+        )
+    except LastOwnerError:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+            detail='Cannot demote the last owner of an organization',
+        )
+    except MemberUpdateError:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='Failed to update member',
+        )
+    except ValueError:
+        logger.exception('Invalid UUID format')
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+            detail='Invalid organization or user ID format',
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        logger.exception('Error updating organization member')
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='Failed to update member',
+        )

enterprise/server/routes/user.py

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Query, status
 from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
 from pydantic import SecretStr
 from server.auth.token_manager import TokenManager
+from storage.user_store import UserStore
+from utils.identity import resolve_display_name
 
 from openhands.integrations.provider import (
     PROVIDER_TOKEN_TYPE,
@@ -114,13 +116,23 @@ async def saas_get_user(
                 content='Failed to retrieve user_info.',
                 status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
             )
+        # Prefer email from DB; fall back to Keycloak if not yet persisted
+        email = user_info.get('email') if user_info else None
+        sub = user_info.get('sub') if user_info else ''
+        if sub:
+            db_user = await UserStore.get_user_by_id_async(sub)
+            if db_user and db_user.email is not None:
+                email = db_user.email
+
         retval = await _check_idp(
             access_token=access_token,
             default_value=User(
-                id=(user_info.get('sub') if user_info else '') or '',
+                id=sub,
                 login=(user_info.get('preferred_username') if user_info else '') or '',
                 avatar_url='',
-                email=user_info.get('email') if user_info else None,
+                email=email,
+                name=resolve_display_name(user_info) if user_info else None,
+                company=user_info.get('company') if user_info else None,
             ),
             user_info=user_info,
         )

enterprise/server/routes/user_app_settings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+"""Routes for user app settings API.
+
+Provides endpoints for managing user-level app preferences:
+- GET /api/users/app - Retrieve current user's app settings
+- POST /api/users/app - Update current user's app settings
+"""
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, status
+from server.routes.user_app_settings_models import (
+    UserAppSettingsResponse,
+    UserAppSettingsUpdate,
+    UserNotFoundError,
+)
+from server.services.user_app_settings_service import (
+    UserAppSettingsService,
+    UserAppSettingsServiceInjector,
+)
+
+from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
+
+user_app_settings_router = APIRouter(prefix='/api/users')
+
+# Create injector instance and dependency at module level
+_injector = UserAppSettingsServiceInjector()
+user_app_settings_service_dependency = Depends(_injector.depends)
+
+
+@user_app_settings_router.get('/app', response_model=UserAppSettingsResponse)
+async def get_user_app_settings(
+    service: UserAppSettingsService = user_app_settings_service_dependency,
+) -> UserAppSettingsResponse:
+    """Get the current user's app settings.
+
+    Returns language, analytics consent, sound notifications, and git config.
+
+    Args:
+        service: UserAppSettingsService (injected by dependency)
+
+    Returns:
+        UserAppSettingsResponse: The user's app settings
+
+    Raises:
+        HTTPException: 401 if user is not authenticated
+        HTTPException: 404 if user not found
+        HTTPException: 500 if retrieval fails
+    """
+    try:
+        return await service.get_user_app_settings()
+
+    except ValueError as e:
+        # User not authenticated
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail=str(e),
+        )
+    except UserNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
+            detail=str(e),
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.exception(
+            'Unexpected error retrieving user app settings',
+            extra={'error': str(e)},
+        )
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='Failed to retrieve user app settings',
+        )
+
+
+@user_app_settings_router.post('/app', response_model=UserAppSettingsResponse)
+async def update_user_app_settings(
+    update_data: UserAppSettingsUpdate,
+    service: UserAppSettingsService = user_app_settings_service_dependency,
+) -> UserAppSettingsResponse:
+    """Update the current user's app settings (partial update).
+
+    Only provided fields will be updated. Pass null to clear a field.
+
+    Args:
+        update_data: Fields to update
+        service: UserAppSettingsService (injected by dependency)
+
+    Returns:
+        UserAppSettingsResponse: The updated user's app settings
+
+    Raises:
+        HTTPException: 401 if user is not authenticated
+        HTTPException: 404 if user not found
+        HTTPException: 500 if update fails
+    """
+    try:
+        return await service.update_user_app_settings(update_data)
+
+    except ValueError as e:
+        # User not authenticated
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail=str(e),
+        )
+    except UserNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
+            detail=str(e),
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.exception(
+            'Failed to update user app settings',
+            extra={'error': str(e)},
+        )
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='Failed to update user app settings',
+        )

enterprise/server/routes/user_app_settings_models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+"""
+Pydantic models for user app settings API.
+"""
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr
+from storage.user import User
+
+
+class UserAppSettingsError(Exception):
+    """Base exception for user app settings errors."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class UserNotFoundError(UserAppSettingsError):
+    """Raised when user is not found."""
+
+    def __init__(self, user_id: str):
+        self.user_id = user_id
+        super().__init__(f'User with id "{user_id}" not found')
+
+
+class UserAppSettingsUpdateError(UserAppSettingsError):
+    """Raised when user app settings update fails."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class UserAppSettingsResponse(BaseModel):
+    """Response model for user app settings."""
+
+    language: str | None = None
+    user_consents_to_analytics: bool | None = None
+    enable_sound_notifications: bool | None = None
+    git_user_name: str | None = None
+    git_user_email: EmailStr | None = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_user(cls, user: User) -> 'UserAppSettingsResponse':
+        """Create response from User entity."""
+        return cls(
+            language=user.language,
+            user_consents_to_analytics=user.user_consents_to_analytics,
+            enable_sound_notifications=user.enable_sound_notifications,
+            git_user_name=user.git_user_name,
+            git_user_email=user.git_user_email,
+        )
+
+
+class UserAppSettingsUpdate(BaseModel):
+    """Request model for updating user app settings (partial update)."""
+
+    language: str | None = None
+    user_consents_to_analytics: bool | None = None
+    enable_sound_notifications: bool | None = None
+    git_user_name: str | None = None
+    git_user_email: EmailStr | None = None

enterprise/server/routes/verified_models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+"""API routes for managing verified LLM models (admin only)."""
+
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Query, status
+from pydantic import BaseModel, field_validator
+from server.email_validation import get_admin_user_id
+from storage.verified_model_store import VerifiedModelStore
+
+from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
+
+api_router = APIRouter(prefix='/api/admin/verified-models', tags=['Verified Models'])
+
+
+class VerifiedModelCreate(BaseModel):
+    model_name: str
+    provider: str
+    is_enabled: bool = True
+
+    @field_validator('model_name')
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_model_name(cls, v: str) -> str:
+        v = v.strip()
+        if not v or len(v) > 255:
+            raise ValueError('model_name must be 1-255 characters')
+        return v
+
+    @field_validator('provider')
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_provider(cls, v: str) -> str:
+        v = v.strip()
+        if not v or len(v) > 100:
+            raise ValueError('provider must be 1-100 characters')
+        return v
+
+
+class VerifiedModelUpdate(BaseModel):
+    is_enabled: bool | None = None
+
+
+class VerifiedModelResponse(BaseModel):
+    id: int
+    model_name: str
+    provider: str
+    is_enabled: bool
+
+
+class VerifiedModelPage(BaseModel):
+    """Paginated response model for verified model list."""
+
+    items: list[VerifiedModelResponse]
+    next_page_id: str | None = None
+
+
+def _to_response(model) -> VerifiedModelResponse:
+    return VerifiedModelResponse(
+        id=model.id,
+        model_name=model.model_name,
+        provider=model.provider,
+        is_enabled=model.is_enabled,
+    )
+
+
+@api_router.get('', response_model=VerifiedModelPage)
+async def list_verified_models(
+    provider: str | None = None,
+    page_id: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Query(title='Optional next_page_id from the previously returned page'),
+    ] = None,
+    limit: Annotated[
+        int, Query(title='The max number of results in the page', gt=0, le=100)
+    ] = 100,
+    user_id: str = Depends(get_admin_user_id),
+):
+    """List all verified models, optionally filtered by provider."""
+    try:
+        if provider:
+            all_models = VerifiedModelStore.get_models_by_provider(provider)
+        else:
+            all_models = VerifiedModelStore.get_all_models()
+
+        try:
+            offset = int(page_id) if page_id else 0
+        except ValueError:
+            offset = 0
+        page = all_models[offset : offset + limit + 1]
+        has_more = len(page) > limit
+        if has_more:
+            page = page[:limit]
+
+        return VerifiedModelPage(
+            items=[_to_response(m) for m in page],
+            next_page_id=str(offset + limit) if has_more else None,
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        logger.exception('Error listing verified models')
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='Failed to list verified models',
+        )
+
+
+@api_router.post('', response_model=VerifiedModelResponse, status_code=201)
+async def create_verified_model(
+    data: VerifiedModelCreate,
+    user_id: str = Depends(get_admin_user_id),
+):
+    """Create a new verified model."""
+    try:
+        model = VerifiedModelStore.create_model(
+            model_name=data.model_name,
+            provider=data.provider,
+            is_enabled=data.is_enabled,
+        )
+        return _to_response(model)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_409_CONFLICT,
+            detail=str(e),
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        logger.exception('Error creating verified model')
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='Failed to create verified model',
+        )
+
+
+@api_router.put('/{provider}/{model_name:path}', response_model=VerifiedModelResponse)
+async def update_verified_model(
+    provider: str,
+    model_name: str,
+    data: VerifiedModelUpdate,
+    user_id: str = Depends(get_admin_user_id),
+):
+    """Update a verified model by provider and model name."""
+    try:
+        model = VerifiedModelStore.update_model(
+            model_name=model_name,
+            provider=provider,
+            is_enabled=data.is_enabled,
+        )
+        if not model:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
+                detail=f'Model {provider}/{model_name} not found',
+            )
+        return _to_response(model)
+    except HTTPException:
+        raise
+    except Exception:
+        logger.exception(f'Error updating verified model: {provider}/{model_name}')
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='Failed to update verified model',
+        )
+
+
+@api_router.delete('/{provider}/{model_name:path}')
+async def delete_verified_model(
+    provider: str,
+    model_name: str,
+    user_id: str = Depends(get_admin_user_id),
+):
+    """Delete a verified model by provider and model name."""
+    try:
+        success = VerifiedModelStore.delete_model(
+            model_name=model_name, provider=provider
+        )
+        if not success:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
+                detail=f'Model {provider}/{model_name} not found',
+            )
+        return {'message': f'Model {provider}/{model_name} deleted'}
+    except HTTPException:
+        raise
+    except Exception:
+        logger.exception(f'Error deleting verified model: {provider}/{model_name}')
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail='Failed to delete verified model',
+        )

enterprise/server/saas_nested_conversation_manager.py

@@ -516,11 +516,13 @@ class SaasNestedConversationManager(ConversationManager):
                     )
                     raise
 
-    def _get_mcp_config(self, user_id: str) -> MCPConfig | None:
+    async def _get_mcp_config(self, user_id: str) -> MCPConfig | None:
         api_key_store = ApiKeyStore.get_instance()
-        mcp_api_key = api_key_store.retrieve_mcp_api_key(user_id)
+        mcp_api_key = await api_key_store.retrieve_mcp_api_key(user_id)
         if not mcp_api_key:
-            mcp_api_key = api_key_store.create_api_key(user_id, 'MCP_API_KEY', None)
+            mcp_api_key = await api_key_store.create_api_key(
+                user_id, 'MCP_API_KEY', None
+            )
         if not mcp_api_key:
             return None
         web_host = os.environ.get('WEB_HOST', 'app.all-hands.dev')
@@ -547,7 +549,7 @@ class SaasNestedConversationManager(ConversationManager):
             'conversation_id': sid,
         }
 
-        mcp_config = self._get_mcp_config(user_id)
+        mcp_config = await self._get_mcp_config(user_id)
         if mcp_config:
             # Merge with any MCP config from settings
             if settings.mcp_config:
@@ -1137,6 +1139,71 @@ class SaasNestedConversationManager(ConversationManager):
         }
         update_conversation_metadata(conversation_id, metadata_content)
 
+    async def list_files(self, sid: str, path: str | None = None) -> list[str]:
+        """List files in the workspace for a conversation.
+
+        Delegates to the nested container's list-files endpoint.
+
+        Args:
+            sid: The session/conversation ID.
+            path: Optional path to list files from. If None, lists from workspace root.
+
+        Returns:
+            A list of file paths.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If the conversation is not running.
+            httpx.HTTPError: If there's an error communicating with the nested runtime.
+        """
+        runtime = await self._get_runtime(sid)
+        if runtime is None or runtime.get('status') != 'running':
+            raise ValueError(f'Conversation {sid} is not running')
+
+        nested_url = self._get_nested_url_for_runtime(runtime['runtime_id'], sid)
+        session_api_key = runtime.get('session_api_key')
+
+        return await self._fetch_list_files_from_nested(
+            sid, nested_url, session_api_key, path
+        )
+
+    async def select_file(self, sid: str, file: str) -> tuple[str | None, str | None]:
+        """Read a file from the workspace via nested container.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If the conversation is not running.
+            httpx.HTTPError: If there's an error communicating with the nested runtime.
+        """
+        runtime = await self._get_runtime(sid)
+        if runtime is None or runtime.get('status') != 'running':
+            raise ValueError(f'Conversation {sid} is not running')
+
+        nested_url = self._get_nested_url_for_runtime(runtime['runtime_id'], sid)
+        session_api_key = runtime.get('session_api_key')
+
+        return await self._fetch_select_file_from_nested(
+            sid, nested_url, session_api_key, file
+        )
+
+    async def upload_files(
+        self, sid: str, files: list[tuple[str, bytes]]
+    ) -> tuple[list[str], list[dict[str, str]]]:
+        """Upload files to the workspace via nested container.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If the conversation is not running.
+            httpx.HTTPError: If there's an error communicating with the nested runtime.
+        """
+        runtime = await self._get_runtime(sid)
+        if runtime is None or runtime.get('status') != 'running':
+            raise ValueError(f'Conversation {sid} is not running')
+
+        nested_url = self._get_nested_url_for_runtime(runtime['runtime_id'], sid)
+        session_api_key = runtime.get('session_api_key')
+
+        return await self._fetch_upload_files_to_nested(
+            sid, nested_url, session_api_key, files
+        )
+
 
 def _last_updated_at_key(conversation: ConversationMetadata) -> float:
     last_updated_at = conversation.last_updated_at

enterprise/server/services/email_service.py

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+"""Email service for sending transactional emails via Resend."""
+
+import os
+
+try:
+    import resend
+
+    RESEND_AVAILABLE = True
+except ImportError:
+    RESEND_AVAILABLE = False
+
+from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
+
+DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = 'OpenHands <no-reply@openhands.dev>'
+DEFAULT_WEB_HOST = 'https://app.all-hands.dev'
+
+
+class EmailService:
+    """Service for sending transactional emails."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_resend_client() -> bool:
+        """Initialize and return the Resend client.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if client is ready, False otherwise
+        """
+        if not RESEND_AVAILABLE:
+            logger.warning('Resend library not installed, skipping email')
+            return False
+
+        resend_api_key = os.environ.get('RESEND_API_KEY')
+        if not resend_api_key:
+            logger.warning('RESEND_API_KEY not configured, skipping email')
+            return False
+
+        resend.api_key = resend_api_key
+        return True
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def send_invitation_email(
+        to_email: str,
+        org_name: str,
+        inviter_name: str,
+        role_name: str,
+        invitation_token: str,
+        invitation_id: int,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Send an organization invitation email.
+
+        Args:
+            to_email: Recipient's email address
+            org_name: Name of the organization
+            inviter_name: Display name of the person who sent the invite
+            role_name: Role being offered (e.g., 'member', 'admin')
+            invitation_token: The secure invitation token
+            invitation_id: The invitation ID for logging
+        """
+        if not EmailService._get_resend_client():
+            return
+
+        # Build invitation URL
+        web_host = os.environ.get('WEB_HOST', DEFAULT_WEB_HOST)
+        invitation_url = f'{web_host}/api/organizations/members/invite/accept?token={invitation_token}'
+
+        from_email = os.environ.get('RESEND_FROM_EMAIL', DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL)
+
+        params = {
+            'from': from_email,
+            'to': [to_email],
+            'subject': f"You're invited to join {org_name} on OpenHands",
+            'html': f"""
+            <div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;">
+                <p>Hi,</p>
+
+                <p><strong>{inviter_name}</strong> has invited you to join <strong>{org_name}</strong> on OpenHands as a <strong>{role_name}</strong>.</p>
+
+                <p>Click the button below to accept the invitation:</p>
+
+                <p style="margin: 30px 0;">
+                    <a href="{invitation_url}"
+                       style="background-color: #c9b974; color: #0D0F11; padding: 8px 16px;
+                              text-decoration: none; border-radius: 8px; display: inline-block;
+                              font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600;">
+                        Accept Invitation
+                    </a>
+                </p>
+
+                <p style="color: #666; font-size: 14px;">
+                    Or copy and paste this link into your browser:<br>
+                    <a href="{invitation_url}" style="color: #c9b974; font-weight: 600;">{invitation_url}</a>
+                </p>
+
+                <p style="color: #666; font-size: 14px;">
+                    This invitation will expire in 7 days.
+                </p>
+
+                <p style="color: #666; font-size: 14px;">
+                    If you weren't expecting this invitation, you can safely ignore this email.
+                </p>
+
+                <hr style="border: none; border-top: 1px solid #eee; margin: 30px 0;">
+
+                <p style="color: #999; font-size: 12px;">
+                    Best,<br>
+                    The OpenHands Team
+                </p>
+            </div>
+            """,
+        }
+
+        try:
+            response = resend.Emails.send(params)
+            logger.info(
+                'Invitation email sent',
+                extra={
+                    'invitation_id': invitation_id,
+                    'email': to_email,
+                    'response_id': response.get('id') if response else None,
+                },
+            )
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(
+                'Failed to send invitation email',
+                extra={
+                    'invitation_id': invitation_id,
+                    'email': to_email,
+                    'error': str(e),
+                },
+            )
+            raise

enterprise/server/services/org_invitation_service.py

@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+"""Service for managing organization invitations."""
+
+import asyncio
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from server.auth.token_manager import TokenManager
+from server.constants import ROLE_ADMIN, ROLE_OWNER
+from server.routes.org_invitation_models import (
+    EmailMismatchError,
+    InsufficientPermissionError,
+    InvitationExpiredError,
+    InvitationInvalidError,
+    UserAlreadyMemberError,
+)
+from server.services.email_service import EmailService
+from storage.org_invitation import OrgInvitation
+from storage.org_invitation_store import OrgInvitationStore
+from storage.org_member_store import OrgMemberStore
+from storage.org_service import OrgService
+from storage.org_store import OrgStore
+from storage.role_store import RoleStore
+from storage.user_store import UserStore
+
+from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
+
+
+class OrgInvitationService:
+    """Service for organization invitation operations."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def create_invitation(
+        org_id: UUID,
+        email: str,
+        role_name: str,
+        inviter_id: UUID,
+    ) -> OrgInvitation:
+        """Create a new organization invitation.
+
+        This method:
+        1. Validates the organization exists
+        2. Validates this is not a personal workspace
+        3. Checks inviter has owner/admin role
+        4. Validates role assignment permissions
+        5. Checks if user is already a member
+        6. Creates the invitation
+        7. Sends the invitation email
+
+        Args:
+            org_id: Organization UUID
+            email: Invitee's email address
+            role_name: Role to assign on acceptance (owner, admin, member)
+            inviter_id: User ID of the person creating the invitation
+
+        Returns:
+            OrgInvitation: The created invitation
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If organization or role not found
+            InsufficientPermissionError: If inviter lacks permission
+            UserAlreadyMemberError: If email is already a member
+            InvitationAlreadyExistsError: If pending invitation exists
+        """
+        email = email.lower().strip()
+
+        logger.info(
+            'Creating organization invitation',
+            extra={
+                'org_id': str(org_id),
+                'email': email,
+                'role_name': role_name,
+                'inviter_id': str(inviter_id),
+            },
+        )
+
+        # Step 1: Validate organization exists
+        org = OrgStore.get_org_by_id(org_id)
+        if not org:
+            raise ValueError(f'Organization {org_id} not found')
+
+        # Step 2: Check this is not a personal workspace
+        # A personal workspace has org_id matching the user's id
+        if str(org_id) == str(inviter_id):
+            raise InsufficientPermissionError(
+                'Cannot invite users to a personal workspace'
+            )
+
+        # Step 3: Check inviter is a member and has permission
+        inviter_member = OrgMemberStore.get_org_member(org_id, inviter_id)
+        if not inviter_member:
+            raise InsufficientPermissionError(
+                'You are not a member of this organization'
+            )
+
+        inviter_role = RoleStore.get_role_by_id(inviter_member.role_id)
+        if not inviter_role or inviter_role.name not in [ROLE_OWNER, ROLE_ADMIN]:
+            raise InsufficientPermissionError('Only owners and admins can invite users')
+
+        # Step 4: Validate role assignment permissions
+        role_name_lower = role_name.lower()
+        if role_name_lower == ROLE_OWNER and inviter_role.name != ROLE_OWNER:
+            raise InsufficientPermissionError('Only owners can invite with owner role')
+
+        # Get the target role
+        target_role = RoleStore.get_role_by_name(role_name_lower)
+        if not target_role:
+            raise ValueError(f'Invalid role: {role_name}')
+
+        # Step 5: Check if user is already a member (by email)
+        existing_user = await UserStore.get_user_by_email_async(email)
+        if existing_user:
+            existing_member = OrgMemberStore.get_org_member(org_id, existing_user.id)
+            if existing_member:
+                raise UserAlreadyMemberError(
+                    'User is already a member of this organization'
+                )
+
+        # Step 6: Create the invitation
+        invitation = await OrgInvitationStore.create_invitation(
+            org_id=org_id,
+            email=email,
+            role_id=target_role.id,
+            inviter_id=inviter_id,
+        )
+
+        # Step 7: Send invitation email
+        try:
+            # Get inviter info for the email
+            inviter_user = UserStore.get_user_by_id(str(inviter_member.user_id))
+            inviter_name = 'A team member'
+            if inviter_user and inviter_user.email:
+                inviter_name = inviter_user.email.split('@')[0]
+
+            EmailService.send_invitation_email(
+                to_email=email,
+                org_name=org.name,
+                inviter_name=inviter_name,
+                role_name=target_role.name,
+                invitation_token=invitation.token,
+                invitation_id=invitation.id,
+            )
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(
+                'Failed to send invitation email',
+                extra={
+                    'invitation_id': invitation.id,
+                    'email': email,
+                    'error': str(e),
+                },
+            )
+            # Don't fail the invitation creation if email fails
+            # The user can still access via direct link
+
+        return invitation
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def create_invitations_batch(
+        org_id: UUID,
+        emails: list[str],
+        role_name: str,
+        inviter_id: UUID,
+    ) -> tuple[list[OrgInvitation], list[tuple[str, str]]]:
+        """Create multiple organization invitations concurrently.
+
+        Validates permissions once upfront, then creates invitations in parallel.
+
+        Args:
+            org_id: Organization UUID
+            emails: List of invitee email addresses
+            role_name: Role to assign on acceptance (owner, admin, member)
+            inviter_id: User ID of the person creating the invitations
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (successful_invitations, failed_emails_with_errors)
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If organization or role not found
+            InsufficientPermissionError: If inviter lacks permission
+        """
+        logger.info(
+            'Creating batch organization invitations',
+            extra={
+                'org_id': str(org_id),
+                'email_count': len(emails),
+                'role_name': role_name,
+                'inviter_id': str(inviter_id),
+            },
+        )
+
+        # Step 1: Validate permissions upfront (shared for all emails)
+        org = OrgStore.get_org_by_id(org_id)
+        if not org:
+            raise ValueError(f'Organization {org_id} not found')
+
+        if str(org_id) == str(inviter_id):
+            raise InsufficientPermissionError(
+                'Cannot invite users to a personal workspace'
+            )
+
+        inviter_member = OrgMemberStore.get_org_member(org_id, inviter_id)
+        if not inviter_member:
+            raise InsufficientPermissionError(
+                'You are not a member of this organization'
+            )
+
+        inviter_role = RoleStore.get_role_by_id(inviter_member.role_id)
+        if not inviter_role or inviter_role.name not in [ROLE_OWNER, ROLE_ADMIN]:
+            raise InsufficientPermissionError('Only owners and admins can invite users')
+
+        role_name_lower = role_name.lower()
+        if role_name_lower == ROLE_OWNER and inviter_role.name != ROLE_OWNER:
+            raise InsufficientPermissionError('Only owners can invite with owner role')
+
+        target_role = RoleStore.get_role_by_name(role_name_lower)
+        if not target_role:
+            raise ValueError(f'Invalid role: {role_name}')
+
+        # Step 2: Create invitations concurrently
+        async def create_single(
+            email: str,
+        ) -> tuple[str, OrgInvitation | None, str | None]:
+            """Create single invitation, return (email, invitation, error)."""
+            try:
+                invitation = await OrgInvitationService.create_invitation(
+                    org_id=org_id,
+                    email=email,
+                    role_name=role_name,
+                    inviter_id=inviter_id,
+                )
+                return (email, invitation, None)
+            except (UserAlreadyMemberError, ValueError) as e:
+                return (email, None, str(e))
+
+        results = await asyncio.gather(*[create_single(email) for email in emails])
+
+        # Step 3: Separate successes and failures
+        successful: list[OrgInvitation] = []
+        failed: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+        for email, invitation, error in results:
+            if invitation:
+                successful.append(invitation)
+            elif error:
+                failed.append((email, error))
+
+        logger.info(
+            'Batch invitation creation completed',
+            extra={
+                'org_id': str(org_id),
+                'successful': len(successful),
+                'failed': len(failed),
+            },
+        )
+
+        return successful, failed
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def accept_invitation(token: str, user_id: UUID) -> OrgInvitation:
+        """Accept an organization invitation.
+
+        This method:
+        1. Validates the token and invitation status
+        2. Checks expiration
+        3. Verifies user is not already a member
+        4. Creates LiteLLM integration
+        5. Adds user to the organization
+        6. Marks invitation as accepted
+
+        Args:
+            token: The invitation token
+            user_id: The user accepting the invitation
+
+        Returns:
+            OrgInvitation: The accepted invitation
+
+        Raises:
+            InvitationInvalidError: If token is invalid or invitation not pending
+            InvitationExpiredError: If invitation has expired
+            UserAlreadyMemberError: If user is already a member
+        """
+        logger.info(
+            'Accepting organization invitation',
+            extra={
+                'token_prefix': token[:10] + '...' if len(token) > 10 else token,
+                'user_id': str(user_id),
+            },
+        )
+
+        # Step 1: Get and validate invitation
+        invitation = await OrgInvitationStore.get_invitation_by_token(token)
+
+        if not invitation:
+            raise InvitationInvalidError('Invalid invitation token')
+
+        if invitation.status != OrgInvitation.STATUS_PENDING:
+            if invitation.status == OrgInvitation.STATUS_ACCEPTED:
+                raise InvitationInvalidError('Invitation has already been accepted')
+            elif invitation.status == OrgInvitation.STATUS_REVOKED:
+                raise InvitationInvalidError('Invitation has been revoked')
+            else:
+                raise InvitationInvalidError('Invitation is no longer valid')
+
+        # Step 2: Check expiration
+        if OrgInvitationStore.is_token_expired(invitation):
+            await OrgInvitationStore.update_invitation_status(
+                invitation.id, OrgInvitation.STATUS_EXPIRED
+            )
+            raise InvitationExpiredError('Invitation has expired')
+
+        # Step 2.5: Verify user email matches invitation email
+        user = await UserStore.get_user_by_id_async(str(user_id))
+        if not user:
+            raise InvitationInvalidError('User not found')
+
+        user_email = user.email
+        # Fallback: fetch email from Keycloak if not in database (for existing users)
+        if not user_email:
+            token_manager = TokenManager()
+            user_info = await token_manager.get_user_info_from_user_id(str(user_id))
+            user_email = user_info.get('email') if user_info else None
+
+        if not user_email:
+            raise EmailMismatchError('Your account does not have an email address')
+
+        user_email = user_email.lower().strip()
+        invitation_email = invitation.email.lower().strip()
+
+        if user_email != invitation_email:
+            logger.warning(
+                'Email mismatch during invitation acceptance',
+                extra={
+                    'user_id': str(user_id),
+                    'user_email': user_email,
+                    'invitation_email': invitation_email,
+                    'invitation_id': invitation.id,
+                },
+            )
+            raise EmailMismatchError()
+
+        # Step 3: Check if user is already a member
+        existing_member = OrgMemberStore.get_org_member(invitation.org_id, user_id)
+        if existing_member:
+            raise UserAlreadyMemberError(
+                'You are already a member of this organization'
+            )
+
+        # Step 4: Create LiteLLM integration for the user in the new org
+        try:
+            settings = await OrgService.create_litellm_integration(
+                invitation.org_id, str(user_id)
+            )
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(
+                'Failed to create LiteLLM integration for invitation acceptance',
+                extra={
+                    'invitation_id': invitation.id,
+                    'user_id': str(user_id),
+                    'org_id': str(invitation.org_id),
+                    'error': str(e),
+                },
+            )
+            raise InvitationInvalidError(
+                'Failed to set up organization access. Please try again.'
+            )
+
+        # Step 5: Add user to organization
+        from storage.org_member_store import OrgMemberStore as OMS
+
+        org_member_kwargs = OMS.get_kwargs_from_settings(settings)
+        # Don't override with org defaults - use invitation-specified role
+        org_member_kwargs.pop('llm_model', None)
+        org_member_kwargs.pop('llm_base_url', None)
+
+        OrgMemberStore.add_user_to_org(
+            org_id=invitation.org_id,
+            user_id=user_id,
+            role_id=invitation.role_id,
+            llm_api_key=settings.llm_api_key,
+            status='active',
+        )
+
+        # Step 6: Mark invitation as accepted
+        updated_invitation = await OrgInvitationStore.update_invitation_status(
+            invitation.id,
+            OrgInvitation.STATUS_ACCEPTED,
+            accepted_by_user_id=user_id,
+        )
+
+        logger.info(
+            'Organization invitation accepted',
+            extra={
+                'invitation_id': invitation.id,
+                'user_id': str(user_id),
+                'org_id': str(invitation.org_id),
+                'role_id': invitation.role_id,
+            },
+        )
+
+        return updated_invitation

enterprise/server/services/org_member_service.py

@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+"""Service for managing organization members."""
+
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from server.constants import ROLE_ADMIN, ROLE_OWNER
+from server.routes.org_models import (
+    CannotModifySelfError,
+    InsufficientPermissionError,
+    InvalidRoleError,
+    LastOwnerError,
+    MemberUpdateError,
+    MeResponse,
+    OrgMemberNotFoundError,
+    OrgMemberPage,
+    OrgMemberResponse,
+    OrgMemberUpdate,
+    RoleNotFoundError,
+)
+from storage.lite_llm_manager import LiteLlmManager
+from storage.org_member_store import OrgMemberStore
+from storage.role_store import RoleStore
+from storage.user_store import UserStore
+
+from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
+from openhands.utils.async_utils import call_sync_from_async
+
+
+class OrgMemberService:
+    """Service for organization member operations."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_me(org_id: UUID, user_id: UUID) -> MeResponse:
+        """Get the current user's membership record for an organization.
+
+        Retrieves the authenticated user's role, status, email, and LLM override
+        fields (with masked API keys) within the specified organization.
+
+        Args:
+            org_id: Organization ID (UUID)
+            user_id: User ID (UUID)
+
+        Returns:
+            MeResponse: The user's membership data with masked API keys
+
+        Raises:
+            OrgMemberNotFoundError: If user is not a member of the organization
+            RoleNotFoundError: If the role associated with the member is not found
+        """
+        # Look up the user's membership in this org
+        org_member = OrgMemberStore.get_org_member(org_id, user_id)
+        if org_member is None:
+            raise OrgMemberNotFoundError(str(org_id), str(user_id))
+
+        # Resolve role name from role_id
+        role = RoleStore.get_role_by_id(org_member.role_id)
+        if role is None:
+            raise RoleNotFoundError(org_member.role_id)
+
+        # Get user email
+        user = UserStore.get_user_by_id(str(user_id))
+        email = user.email if user and user.email else ''
+
+        return MeResponse.from_org_member(org_member, role, email)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get_org_members(
+        org_id: UUID,
+        current_user_id: UUID,
+        page_id: str | None = None,
+        limit: int = 10,
+        email_filter: str | None = None,
+    ) -> tuple[bool, str | None, OrgMemberPage | None]:
+        """Get organization members with authorization check.
+
+        Args:
+            org_id: Organization UUID.
+            current_user_id: Requesting user's UUID.
+            page_id: Offset encoded as string (e.g., "0", "10", "20").
+            limit: Items per page (default 10).
+            email_filter: Optional case-insensitive partial email match.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (success, error_code, data). If success is True, error_code is None.
+        """
+        # Verify current user is a member of the organization
+        requester_membership = OrgMemberStore.get_org_member(org_id, current_user_id)
+        if not requester_membership:
+            return False, 'not_a_member', None
+
+        # Parse page_id to get offset (page_id is offset encoded as string)
+        offset = 0
+        if page_id is not None:
+            try:
+                offset = int(page_id)
+                if offset < 0:
+                    return False, 'invalid_page_id', None
+            except ValueError:
+                return False, 'invalid_page_id', None
+
+        # Call store to get paginated members
+        members, _ = await OrgMemberStore.get_org_members_paginated(
+            org_id=org_id,
+            offset=offset,
+            limit=limit,
+            email_filter=email_filter,
+        )
+
+        # Transform data to response format
+        items = []
+        for member in members:
+            # Access user and role relationships (eagerly loaded)
+            user = member.user
+            role = member.role
+
+            items.append(
+                OrgMemberResponse(
+                    user_id=str(member.user_id),
+                    email=user.email if user else None,
+                    role_id=member.role_id,
+                    role=role.name if role else '',
+                    role_rank=role.rank if role else 0,
+                    status=member.status,
+                )
+            )
+
+        # Calculate current page (1-indexed)
+        current_page = (offset // limit) + 1
+
+        return (
+            True,
+            None,
+            OrgMemberPage(
+                items=items,
+                current_page=current_page,
+                per_page=limit,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get_org_members_count(
+        org_id: UUID,
+        current_user_id: UUID,
+        email_filter: str | None = None,
+    ) -> int:
+        """Get count of organization members with authorization check.
+
+        Args:
+            org_id: Organization UUID.
+            current_user_id: Requesting user's UUID.
+            email_filter: Optional case-insensitive partial email match.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Count of organization members matching the filter.
+
+        Raises:
+            OrgMemberNotFoundError: If requesting user is not a member of the organization.
+        """
+        # Verify current user is a member of the organization
+        requester_membership = OrgMemberStore.get_org_member(org_id, current_user_id)
+        if not requester_membership:
+            raise OrgMemberNotFoundError(str(org_id), str(current_user_id))
+
+        return await OrgMemberStore.get_org_members_count(
+            org_id=org_id,
+            email_filter=email_filter,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def remove_org_member(
+        org_id: UUID,
+        target_user_id: UUID,
+        current_user_id: UUID,
+    ) -> tuple[bool, str | None]:
+        """Remove a member from an organization.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (success, error_message). If success is True, error_message is None.
+        """
+
+        def _remove_member():
+            # Get current user's membership in the org
+            requester_membership = OrgMemberStore.get_org_member(
+                org_id, current_user_id
+            )
+            if not requester_membership:
+                return False, 'not_a_member'
+
+            # Check if trying to remove self
+            if str(current_user_id) == str(target_user_id):
+                return False, 'cannot_remove_self'
+
+            # Get target user's membership
+            target_membership = OrgMemberStore.get_org_member(org_id, target_user_id)
+            if not target_membership:
+                return False, 'member_not_found'
+
+            requester_role = RoleStore.get_role_by_id(requester_membership.role_id)
+            target_role = RoleStore.get_role_by_id(target_membership.role_id)
+
+            if not requester_role or not target_role:
+                return False, 'role_not_found'
+
+            # Check permission based on roles
+            if not OrgMemberService._can_remove_member(
+                requester_role.name, target_role.name
+            ):
+                return False, 'insufficient_permission'
+
+            # Check if removing the last owner
+            if target_role.name == ROLE_OWNER:
+                if OrgMemberService._is_last_owner(org_id, target_user_id):
+                    return False, 'cannot_remove_last_owner'
+
+            # Perform the removal
+            success = OrgMemberStore.remove_user_from_org(org_id, target_user_id)
+            if not success:
+                return False, 'removal_failed'
+
+            # Update user's current_org_id if it points to the org they were removed from
+            user = UserStore.get_user_by_id(str(target_user_id))
+            if user and user.current_org_id == org_id:
+                # Set current_org_id to personal workspace (org.id == user.id)
+                UserStore.update_current_org(str(target_user_id), target_user_id)
+
+            return True, None
+
+        success, error = await call_sync_from_async(_remove_member)
+
+        # If database removal succeeded, also remove from LiteLLM team
+        if success:
+            try:
+                await LiteLlmManager.remove_user_from_team(
+                    str(target_user_id), str(org_id)
+                )
+                logger.info(
+                    'Successfully removed user from LiteLLM team',
+                    extra={
+                        'user_id': str(target_user_id),
+                        'org_id': str(org_id),
+                    },
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                # Log but don't fail the operation - database removal already succeeded
+                # LiteLLM state will be eventually consistent
+                logger.warning(
+                    'Failed to remove user from LiteLLM team',
+                    extra={
+                        'user_id': str(target_user_id),
+                        'org_id': str(org_id),
+                        'error': str(e),
+                    },
+                )
+
+        return success, error
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def update_org_member(
+        org_id: UUID,
+        target_user_id: UUID,
+        current_user_id: UUID,
+        update_data: OrgMemberUpdate,
+    ) -> OrgMemberResponse:
+        """Update a member's role in an organization.
+
+        Permission rules:
+        - Owners can modify anyone (including other owners), can set any role
+        - Admins can modify other admins and users
+        - Admins can only set admin or user roles (not owner)
+
+        Args:
+            org_id: Organization ID
+            target_user_id: User ID of the member to update
+            current_user_id: User ID of the requester
+            update_data: Update data containing fields to modify
+
+        Returns:
+            OrgMemberResponse: The updated member data
+
+        Raises:
+            OrgMemberNotFoundError: If requester or target is not a member
+            CannotModifySelfError: If trying to modify self
+            RoleNotFoundError: If role configuration is invalid
+            InvalidRoleError: If new_role_name is not a valid role
+            InsufficientPermissionError: If requester lacks permission
+            LastOwnerError: If trying to demote the last owner
+            MemberUpdateError: If update operation fails
+        """
+        new_role_name = update_data.role
+
+        def _update_member():
+            # Get current user's membership in the org
+            requester_membership = OrgMemberStore.get_org_member(
+                org_id, current_user_id
+            )
+            if not requester_membership:
+                raise OrgMemberNotFoundError(str(org_id), str(current_user_id))
+
+            # Check if trying to modify self
+            if str(current_user_id) == str(target_user_id):
+                raise CannotModifySelfError('modify')
+
+            # Get target user's membership
+            target_membership = OrgMemberStore.get_org_member(org_id, target_user_id)
+            if not target_membership:
+                raise OrgMemberNotFoundError(str(org_id), str(target_user_id))
+
+            # Get roles
+            requester_role = RoleStore.get_role_by_id(requester_membership.role_id)
+            target_role = RoleStore.get_role_by_id(target_membership.role_id)
+
+            if not requester_role:
+                raise RoleNotFoundError(requester_membership.role_id)
+            if not target_role:
+                raise RoleNotFoundError(target_membership.role_id)
+
+            # If no role change requested, return current state
+            if new_role_name is None:
+                user = UserStore.get_user_by_id(str(target_user_id))
+                return OrgMemberResponse(
+                    user_id=str(target_membership.user_id),
+                    email=user.email if user else None,
+                    role_id=target_membership.role_id,
+                    role=target_role.name,
+                    role_rank=target_role.rank,
+                    status=target_membership.status,
+                )
+
+            # Validate new role exists
+            new_role = RoleStore.get_role_by_name(new_role_name.lower())
+            if not new_role:
+                raise InvalidRoleError(new_role_name)
+
+            # Check permission to modify target
+            if not OrgMemberService._can_update_member_role(
+                requester_role.name, target_role.name, new_role.name
+            ):
+                raise InsufficientPermissionError(
+                    'You do not have permission to modify this member'
+                )
+
+            # Check if demoting the last owner
+            if (
+                target_role.name == ROLE_OWNER
+                and new_role.name != ROLE_OWNER
+                and OrgMemberService._is_last_owner(org_id, target_user_id)
+            ):
+                raise LastOwnerError('demote')
+
+            # Perform the update
+            updated_member = OrgMemberStore.update_user_role_in_org(
+                org_id, target_user_id, new_role.id
+            )
+            if not updated_member:
+                raise MemberUpdateError('Failed to update member')
+
+            # Get user email for response
+            user = UserStore.get_user_by_id(str(target_user_id))
+
+            return OrgMemberResponse(
+                user_id=str(updated_member.user_id),
+                email=user.email if user else None,
+                role_id=updated_member.role_id,
+                role=new_role.name,
+                role_rank=new_role.rank,
+                status=updated_member.status,
+            )
+
+        return await call_sync_from_async(_update_member)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _can_update_member_role(
+        requester_role_name: str, target_role_name: str, new_role_name: str
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Check if requester can change target's role to new_role.
+
+        Permission rules:
+        - Owners can modify anyone (including other owners), can set any role
+        - Admins can modify other admins and users
+        - Admins can only set admin or user roles (not owner)
+        """
+        is_requester_owner = requester_role_name == ROLE_OWNER
+        is_requester_admin = requester_role_name == ROLE_ADMIN
+        is_target_owner = target_role_name == ROLE_OWNER
+        is_new_role_owner = new_role_name == ROLE_OWNER
+
+        if is_requester_owner:
+            # Owners can modify anyone (including other owners)
+            return True
+        elif is_requester_admin:
+            # Admins cannot modify owners
+            if is_target_owner:
+                return False
+            # Admins can only set admin or user roles (not owner)
+            return not is_new_role_owner
+        return False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _can_remove_member(requester_role_name: str, target_role_name: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if requester can remove target based on roles."""
+        if requester_role_name == ROLE_OWNER:
+            return True
+        elif requester_role_name == ROLE_ADMIN:
+            # Admins can remove admins and members (not owners)
+            return target_role_name != ROLE_OWNER
+        return False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_last_owner(org_id: UUID, user_id: UUID) -> bool:
+        """Check if user is the last owner of the organization."""
+        members = OrgMemberStore.get_org_members(org_id)
+        owners = []
+        for m in members:
+            # Use role_id (column) instead of role (relationship) to avoid DetachedInstanceError
+            role = RoleStore.get_role_by_id(m.role_id)
+            if role and role.name == ROLE_OWNER:
+                owners.append(m)
+        return len(owners) == 1 and str(owners[0].user_id) == str(user_id)

enterprise/server/services/user_app_settings_service.py

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+"""Service class for managing user app settings.
+
+Separates business logic from route handlers.
+Uses dependency injection for db_session and user_context.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import AsyncGenerator
+
+from fastapi import Request
+from server.routes.user_app_settings_models import (
+    UserAppSettingsResponse,
+    UserAppSettingsUpdate,
+    UserNotFoundError,
+)
+from storage.user_app_settings_store import UserAppSettingsStore
+
+from openhands.app_server.services.injector import Injector, InjectorState
+from openhands.app_server.user.user_context import UserContext
+from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
+
+
+@dataclass
+class UserAppSettingsService:
+    """Service for user app settings with injected dependencies."""
+
+    store: UserAppSettingsStore
+    user_context: UserContext
+
+    async def get_user_app_settings(self) -> UserAppSettingsResponse:
+        """Get user app settings.
+
+        User ID is obtained from the injected user_context.
+
+        Returns:
+            UserAppSettingsResponse: The user's app settings
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If user is not authenticated
+            UserNotFoundError: If user is not found
+        """
+        user_id = await self.user_context.get_user_id()
+        if not user_id:
+            raise ValueError('User is not authenticated')
+
+        logger.info(
+            'Getting user app settings',
+            extra={'user_id': user_id},
+        )
+
+        user = await self.store.get_user_by_id(user_id)
+
+        if not user:
+            raise UserNotFoundError(user_id)
+
+        return UserAppSettingsResponse.from_user(user)
+
+    async def update_user_app_settings(
+        self,
+        update_data: UserAppSettingsUpdate,
+    ) -> UserAppSettingsResponse:
+        """Update user app settings.
+
+        Only updates fields that are explicitly provided in update_data.
+        User ID is obtained from the injected user_context.
+        Session auto-commits at request end via DbSessionInjector.
+
+        Args:
+            update_data: The update data from the request
+
+        Returns:
+            UserAppSettingsResponse: The updated user's app settings
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If user is not authenticated
+            UserNotFoundError: If user is not found
+        """
+        user_id = await self.user_context.get_user_id()
+        if not user_id:
+            raise ValueError('User is not authenticated')
+
+        logger.info(
+            'Updating user app settings',
+            extra={'user_id': user_id},
+        )
+
+        # Check if any fields are provided
+        update_dict = update_data.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
+
+        if not update_dict:
+            # No fields to update, just return current settings
+            return await self.get_user_app_settings()
+
+        user = await self.store.update_user_app_settings(
+            user_id=user_id,
+            update_data=update_data,
+        )
+
+        if not user:
+            raise UserNotFoundError(user_id)
+
+        logger.info(
+            'User app settings updated successfully',
+            extra={'user_id': user_id, 'updated_fields': list(update_dict.keys())},
+        )
+
+        return UserAppSettingsResponse.from_user(user)
+
+
+class UserAppSettingsServiceInjector(Injector[UserAppSettingsService]):
+    """Injector that composes store and user_context for UserAppSettingsService."""
+
+    async def inject(
+        self, state: InjectorState, request: Request | None = None
+    ) -> AsyncGenerator[UserAppSettingsService, None]:
+        # Local imports to avoid circular dependencies
+        from openhands.app_server.config import get_db_session, get_user_context
+
+        async with (
+            get_user_context(state, request) as user_context,
+            get_db_session(state, request) as db_session,
+        ):
+            store = UserAppSettingsStore(db_session=db_session)
+            yield UserAppSettingsService(store=store, user_context=user_context)

enterprise/server/utils/saas_app_conversation_info_injector.py

@@ -22,11 +22,70 @@ from openhands.app_server.app_conversation.app_conversation_models import (
 from openhands.app_server.app_conversation.sql_app_conversation_info_service import (
     SQLAppConversationInfoService,
 )
+from openhands.app_server.errors import AuthError
 from openhands.app_server.services.injector import InjectorState
+from openhands.app_server.user.specifiy_user_context import ADMIN
 
 
 class SaasSQLAppConversationInfoService(SQLAppConversationInfoService):
-    """Extended SQLAppConversationInfoService with user-based filtering and SAAS metadata handling."""
+    """Extended SQLAppConversationInfoService with user and organization-based filtering and SAAS metadata handling."""
+
+    async def _get_current_user(self) -> User | None:
+        """Get the current user using the existing db_session.
+
+        Uses self.db_session to avoid opening a separate database session.
+
+        Returns:
+            User object or None if no user_id is available
+        """
+        user_id_str = await self.user_context.get_user_id()
+        if not user_id_str:
+            return None
+
+        user_id_uuid = UUID(user_id_str)
+        result = await self.db_session.execute(
+            select(User).where(User.id == user_id_uuid)
+        )
+        return result.scalars().first()
+
+    async def _apply_user_and_org_filter(self, query):
+        """Apply user_id and org_id filters to ensure conversation isolation.
+
+        Filters conversations by:
+        - user_id: Only show conversations belonging to the current user
+        - org_id: Only show conversations belonging to the user's current organization
+
+        Args:
+            query: SQLAlchemy query to apply filters to
+
+        Returns:
+            Query with user and organization filters applied
+
+        Raises:
+            AuthError: If no user_id is available (secure default: deny access)
+        """
+        # For internal operations such as getting a conversation by session_api_key
+        # we need a mode that does not have filtering. The dependency `as_admin()`
+        # is used to enable it
+        if self.user_context == ADMIN:
+            return query
+
+        user_id_str = await self.user_context.get_user_id()
+        if not user_id_str:
+            # Secure default: no user means no access, not "show everything"
+            raise AuthError('User authentication required')
+
+        user_id_uuid = UUID(user_id_str)
+        query = query.where(StoredConversationMetadataSaas.user_id == user_id_uuid)
+
+        # Filter by organization ID to ensure conversations are isolated per organization
+        user = await self._get_current_user()
+        if user and user.current_org_id is not None:
+            query = query.where(
+                StoredConversationMetadataSaas.org_id == user.current_org_id
+            )
+
+        return query
 
     async def _secure_select(self):
         query = (
@@ -38,13 +97,7 @@ class SaasSQLAppConversationInfoService(SQLAppConversationInfoService):
             )
             .where(StoredConversationMetadata.conversation_version == 'V1')
         )
-
-        user_id_str = await self.user_context.get_user_id()
-        if user_id_str:
-            user_id_uuid = UUID(user_id_str)
-            query = query.where(StoredConversationMetadataSaas.user_id == user_id_uuid)
-
-        return query
+        return await self._apply_user_and_org_filter(query)
 
     async def _secure_select_with_saas_metadata(self):
         """Select query that includes SAAS metadata for retrieving user_id."""
@@ -57,13 +110,7 @@ class SaasSQLAppConversationInfoService(SQLAppConversationInfoService):
             )
             .where(StoredConversationMetadata.conversation_version == 'V1')
         )
-
-        user_id_str = await self.user_context.get_user_id()
-        if user_id_str:
-            user_id_uuid = UUID(user_id_str)
-            query = query.where(StoredConversationMetadataSaas.user_id == user_id_uuid)
-
-        return query
+        return await self._apply_user_and_org_filter(query)
 
     async def search_app_conversation_info(
         self,
@@ -155,21 +202,16 @@ class SaasSQLAppConversationInfoService(SQLAppConversationInfoService):
         """Count conversations matching the given filters with SAAS metadata."""
         query = (
             select(func.count(StoredConversationMetadata.conversation_id))
-            .select_from(
-                StoredConversationMetadata.join(
-                    StoredConversationMetadataSaas,
-                    StoredConversationMetadata.conversation_id
-                    == StoredConversationMetadataSaas.conversation_id,
-                )
+            .join(
+                StoredConversationMetadataSaas,
+                StoredConversationMetadata.conversation_id
+                == StoredConversationMetadataSaas.conversation_id,
             )
             .where(StoredConversationMetadata.conversation_version == 'V1')
         )
 
-        # Apply user filtering
-        user_id_str = await self.user_context.get_user_id()
-        if user_id_str:
-            user_id_uuid = UUID(user_id_str)
-            query = query.where(StoredConversationMetadataSaas.user_id == user_id_uuid)
+        # Apply user and organization filtering
+        query = await self._apply_user_and_org_filter(query)
 
         query = self._apply_filters_with_saas_metadata(
             query=query,
@@ -233,7 +275,13 @@ class SaasSQLAppConversationInfoService(SQLAppConversationInfoService):
         result = result_set.first()
         if result:
             stored_metadata, saas_metadata = result
-            return self._to_info_with_user_id(stored_metadata, saas_metadata)
+            # Fetch sub-conversation IDs
+            sub_conversation_ids = await self.get_sub_conversation_ids(conversation_id)
+            return self._to_info_with_user_id(
+                stored_metadata,
+                saas_metadata,
+                sub_conversation_ids=sub_conversation_ids,
+            )
         return None
 
     async def batch_get_app_conversation_info(
@@ -262,8 +310,16 @@ class SaasSQLAppConversationInfoService(SQLAppConversationInfoService):
         for conversation_id in conversation_id_strs:
             if conversation_id in info_by_id:
                 stored_metadata, saas_metadata = info_by_id[conversation_id]
+                # Fetch sub-conversation IDs for each conversation
+                sub_conversation_ids = await self.get_sub_conversation_ids(
+                    UUID(conversation_id)
+                )
                 results.append(
-                    self._to_info_with_user_id(stored_metadata, saas_metadata)
+                    self._to_info_with_user_id(
+                        stored_metadata,
+                        saas_metadata,
+                        sub_conversation_ids=sub_conversation_ids,
+                    )
                 )
             else:
                 results.append(None)
@@ -316,10 +372,11 @@ class SaasSQLAppConversationInfoService(SQLAppConversationInfoService):
         self,
         stored: StoredConversationMetadata,
         saas_metadata: StoredConversationMetadataSaas,
+        sub_conversation_ids: list[UUID] | None = None,
     ) -> AppConversationInfo:
         """Convert stored metadata to AppConversationInfo with user_id from SAAS metadata."""
         # Use the base _to_info method to get the basic info
-        info = self._to_info(stored)
+        info = self._to_info(stored, sub_conversation_ids=sub_conversation_ids)
 
         # Override the created_by_user_id with the user_id from SAAS metadata
         info.created_by_user_id = (

enterprise/storage/__init__.py

@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ from storage.linear_workspace import LinearWorkspace
 from storage.maintenance_task import MaintenanceTask, MaintenanceTaskStatus
 from storage.openhands_pr import OpenhandsPR
 from storage.org import Org
+from storage.org_invitation import OrgInvitation
 from storage.org_member import OrgMember
 from storage.proactive_convos import ProactiveConversation
+from storage.resend_synced_user import ResendSyncedUser
 from storage.role import Role
 from storage.slack_conversation import SlackConversation
 from storage.slack_team import SlackTeam
@@ -65,8 +67,10 @@ __all__ = [
     'MaintenanceTaskStatus',
     'OpenhandsPR',
     'Org',
+    'OrgInvitation',
     'OrgMember',
     'ProactiveConversation',
+    'ResendSyncedUser',
     'Role',
     'SlackConversation',
     'SlackTeam',

enterprise/storage/api_key_store.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from storage.database import session_maker
 from storage.user_store import UserStore
 
 from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
+from openhands.utils.async_utils import call_sync_from_async
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ class ApiKeyStore:
         random_part = ''.join(secrets.choice(alphabet) for _ in range(length))
         return f'{self.API_KEY_PREFIX}{random_part}'
 
-    def create_api_key(
+    async def create_api_key(
         self, user_id: str, name: str | None = None, expires_at: datetime | None = None
     ) -> str:
         """Create a new API key for a user.
@@ -40,8 +41,23 @@ class ApiKeyStore:
             The generated API key
         """
         api_key = self.generate_api_key()
-        user = UserStore.get_user_by_id(user_id)
+        user = await UserStore.get_user_by_id_async(user_id)
         org_id = user.current_org_id
+        await call_sync_from_async(
+            self._store_api_key, user_id, org_id, api_key, name, expires_at
+        )
+
+        return api_key
+
+    def _store_api_key(
+        self,
+        user_id: str,
+        org_id: str,
+        api_key: str,
+        name: str | None,
+        expires_at: datetime | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Store an existing API key in the database."""
         with self.session_maker() as session:
             key_record = ApiKey(
                 key=api_key,
@@ -53,8 +69,6 @@ class ApiKeyStore:
             session.add(key_record)
             session.commit()
 
-        return api_key
-
     def validate_api_key(self, api_key: str) -> str | None:
         """Validate an API key and return the associated user_id if valid."""
         now = datetime.now(UTC)
@@ -112,33 +126,31 @@ class ApiKeyStore:
 
             return True
 
-    def list_api_keys(self, user_id: str) -> list[dict]:
+    async def list_api_keys(self, user_id: str) -> list[ApiKey]:
         """List all API keys for a user."""
-        user = UserStore.get_user_by_id(user_id)
+        user = await UserStore.get_user_by_id_async(user_id)
         org_id = user.current_org_id
+        return await call_sync_from_async(self._list_api_keys_from_db, user_id, org_id)
+
+    def _list_api_keys_from_db(self, user_id: str, org_id: str) -> list[ApiKey]:
         with self.session_maker() as session:
-            keys = (
+            keys: list[ApiKey] = (
                 session.query(ApiKey)
                 .filter(ApiKey.user_id == user_id)
                 .filter(ApiKey.org_id == org_id)
                 .all()
             )
 
-            return [
-                {
-                    'id': key.id,
-                    'name': key.name,
-                    'created_at': key.created_at,
-                    'last_used_at': key.last_used_at,
-                    'expires_at': key.expires_at,
-                }
-                for key in keys
-                if 'MCP_API_KEY' != key.name
-            ]
+            return [key for key in keys if key.name != 'MCP_API_KEY']
 
-    def retrieve_mcp_api_key(self, user_id: str) -> str | None:
-        user = UserStore.get_user_by_id(user_id)
+    async def retrieve_mcp_api_key(self, user_id: str) -> str | None:
+        user = await UserStore.get_user_by_id_async(user_id)
         org_id = user.current_org_id
+        return await call_sync_from_async(
+            self._retrieve_mcp_api_key_from_db, user_id, org_id
+        )
+
+    def _retrieve_mcp_api_key_from_db(self, user_id: str, org_id: str) -> str | None:
         with self.session_maker() as session:
             keys: list[ApiKey] = (
                 session.query(ApiKey)

enterprise/storage/auth_token_store.py

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ import time
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Awaitable, Callable, Dict
 
-from sqlalchemy import select, update
+from server.auth.auth_error import TokenRefreshError
+from sqlalchemy import select, text, update
+from sqlalchemy.exc import OperationalError
 from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
 from storage.auth_tokens import AuthTokens
 from storage.database import a_session_maker
@@ -12,6 +14,14 @@ from storage.database import a_session_maker
 from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
 from openhands.integrations.service_types import ProviderType
 
+# Time buffer (in seconds) before actual expiration to consider token expired
+# This ensures tokens are refreshed before they actually expire. The
+# github default is 8 hours, so 15 minutes leeway is ~3% of this.
+ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRY_BUFFER = 900  # 15 minutes
+
+# Database lock timeout to prevent indefinite blocking
+LOCK_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 5
+
 
 @dataclass
 class AuthTokenStore:
@@ -23,6 +33,31 @@ class AuthTokenStore:
     def identity_provider_value(self) -> str:
         return self.idp.value
 
+    def _is_token_expired(
+        self, access_token_expires_at: int, refresh_token_expires_at: int
+    ) -> tuple[bool, bool]:
+        """Check if access and refresh tokens are expired.
+
+        Args:
+            access_token_expires_at: Expiration time for access token (seconds since epoch)
+            refresh_token_expires_at: Expiration time for refresh token (seconds since epoch)
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (access_expired, refresh_expired)
+        """
+        current_time = int(time.time())
+        access_expired = (
+            False
+            if access_token_expires_at == 0
+            else access_token_expires_at < current_time + ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRY_BUFFER
+        )
+        refresh_expired = (
+            False
+            if refresh_token_expires_at == 0
+            else refresh_token_expires_at < current_time
+        )
+        return access_expired, refresh_expired
+
     async def store_tokens(
         self,
         access_token: str,
@@ -73,87 +108,149 @@ class AuthTokenStore:
         ]
         | None = None,
     ) -> Dict[str, str | int] | None:
-        """
-        Load authentication tokens from the database and refresh them if necessary.
+        """Load authentication tokens from the database and refresh them if necessary.
 
-        This method retrieves the current authentication tokens for the user and checks if they have expired.
-        It uses the provided `check_expiration_and_refresh` function to determine if the tokens need
-        to be refreshed and to refresh the tokens if needed.
+        This method uses a double-checked locking pattern to minimize lock contention:
+        1. First, check if the token is valid WITHOUT acquiring a lock (fast path)
+        2. If refresh is needed, acquire a lock with a timeout
+        3. Double-check if refresh is still needed (another request may have refreshed)
+        4. Perform the refresh if still needed
 
-        The method ensures that only one refresh operation is performed per refresh token by using a
-        row-level lock on the token record.
-
-        The method is designed to handle race conditions where multiple requests might attempt to refresh
-        the same token simultaneously, ensuring that only one refresh call occurs per refresh token.
+        The row-level lock ensures that only one refresh operation is performed per
+        refresh token, which is important because most IDPs invalidate the old refresh
+        token after it's used once.
 
         Args:
-            check_expiration_and_refresh (Callable, optional): A function that checks if the tokens have expired
-                and attempts to refresh them. It should return a dictionary containing the new access_token, refresh_token,
-                and their respective expiration timestamps. If no refresh is needed, it should return `None`.
+            check_expiration_and_refresh: A function that checks if the tokens have
+                expired and attempts to refresh them. It should return a dictionary
+                containing the new access_token, refresh_token, and their respective
+                expiration timestamps. If no refresh is needed, it should return None.
 
         Returns:
-            Dict[str, str | int] | None:
-                A dictionary containing the access_token, refresh_token, access_token_expires_at,
-                and refresh_token_expires_at. If no token record is found, returns `None`.
+            A dictionary containing the access_token, refresh_token,
+            access_token_expires_at, and refresh_token_expires_at.
+            If no token record is found, returns None.
+
+        Raises:
+            TokenRefreshError: If the lock cannot be acquired within the timeout
+                period. This typically means another request is holding the lock
+                for an extended period. Callers should handle this by returning
+                a 401 response to prompt the user to re-authenticate.
         """
+        # FAST PATH: Check without lock first to avoid unnecessary lock contention
         async with self.a_session_maker() as session:
-            async with session.begin():  # Ensures transaction management
-                # Lock the row while we check if we need to refresh the tokens.
-                # There is a race condition where 2 or more calls can load tokens simultaneously.
-                # If it turns out the loaded tokens are expired, then there will be multiple
-                # refresh token calls with the same refresh token. Most IDPs only allow one refresh
-                # per refresh token. This lock ensure that only one refresh call occurs per refresh token
-                result = await session.execute(
-                    select(AuthTokens)
-                    .filter(
-                        AuthTokens.keycloak_user_id == self.keycloak_user_id,
-                        AuthTokens.identity_provider == self.identity_provider_value,
-                    )
-                    .with_for_update()
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(AuthTokens).filter(
+                    AuthTokens.keycloak_user_id == self.keycloak_user_id,
+                    AuthTokens.identity_provider == self.identity_provider_value,
                 )
-                token_record = result.scalars().one_or_none()
+            )
+            token_record = result.scalars().one_or_none()
 
-                if not token_record:
-                    return None
+            if not token_record:
+                return None
 
-                token_refresh = (
-                    await check_expiration_and_refresh(
+            # Check if token needs refresh
+            access_expired, _ = self._is_token_expired(
+                token_record.access_token_expires_at,
+                token_record.refresh_token_expires_at,
+            )
+
+            # If token is still valid, return it without acquiring a lock
+            if not access_expired or check_expiration_and_refresh is None:
+                return {
+                    'access_token': token_record.access_token,
+                    'refresh_token': token_record.refresh_token,
+                    'access_token_expires_at': token_record.access_token_expires_at,
+                    'refresh_token_expires_at': token_record.refresh_token_expires_at,
+                }
+
+        # SLOW PATH: Token needs refresh, acquire lock
+        try:
+            async with self.a_session_maker() as session:
+                async with session.begin():
+                    # Set a lock timeout to prevent indefinite blocking
+                    # This ensures we don't hold connections forever if something goes wrong
+                    await session.execute(
+                        text(f"SET LOCAL lock_timeout = '{LOCK_TIMEOUT_SECONDS}s'")
+                    )
+
+                    # Acquire row-level lock to prevent concurrent refresh attempts
+                    result = await session.execute(
+                        select(AuthTokens)
+                        .filter(
+                            AuthTokens.keycloak_user_id == self.keycloak_user_id,
+                            AuthTokens.identity_provider
+                            == self.identity_provider_value,
+                        )
+                        .with_for_update()
+                    )
+                    token_record = result.scalars().one_or_none()
+
+                    if not token_record:
+                        return None
+
+                    # Double-check: another request may have refreshed while we waited for the lock
+                    access_expired, _ = self._is_token_expired(
+                        token_record.access_token_expires_at,
+                        token_record.refresh_token_expires_at,
+                    )
+
+                    if not access_expired:
+                        # Token was refreshed by another request while we waited
+                        logger.debug(
+                            'Token was refreshed by another request while waiting for lock'
+                        )
+                        return {
+                            'access_token': token_record.access_token,
+                            'refresh_token': token_record.refresh_token,
+                            'access_token_expires_at': token_record.access_token_expires_at,
+                            'refresh_token_expires_at': token_record.refresh_token_expires_at,
+                        }
+
+                    # We're the one doing the refresh
+                    token_refresh = await check_expiration_and_refresh(
                         self.idp,
                         token_record.refresh_token,
                         token_record.access_token_expires_at,
                         token_record.refresh_token_expires_at,
                     )
-                    if check_expiration_and_refresh
-                    else None
-                )
 
-                if token_refresh:
-                    await session.execute(
-                        update(AuthTokens)
-                        .where(AuthTokens.id == token_record.id)
-                        .values(
-                            access_token=token_refresh['access_token'],
-                            refresh_token=token_refresh['refresh_token'],
-                            access_token_expires_at=token_refresh[
-                                'access_token_expires_at'
-                            ],
-                            refresh_token_expires_at=token_refresh[
-                                'refresh_token_expires_at'
-                            ],
+                    if token_refresh:
+                        await session.execute(
+                            update(AuthTokens)
+                            .where(AuthTokens.id == token_record.id)
+                            .values(
+                                access_token=token_refresh['access_token'],
+                                refresh_token=token_refresh['refresh_token'],
+                                access_token_expires_at=token_refresh[
+                                    'access_token_expires_at'
+                                ],
+                                refresh_token_expires_at=token_refresh[
+                                    'refresh_token_expires_at'
+                                ],
+                            )
                         )
-                    )
-                    await session.commit()
+                        await session.commit()
 
-                return (
-                    token_refresh
-                    if token_refresh
-                    else {
-                        'access_token': token_record.access_token,
-                        'refresh_token': token_record.refresh_token,
-                        'access_token_expires_at': token_record.access_token_expires_at,
-                        'refresh_token_expires_at': token_record.refresh_token_expires_at,
-                    }
-                )
+                    return (
+                        token_refresh
+                        if token_refresh
+                        else {
+                            'access_token': token_record.access_token,
+                            'refresh_token': token_record.refresh_token,
+                            'access_token_expires_at': token_record.access_token_expires_at,
+                            'refresh_token_expires_at': token_record.refresh_token_expires_at,
+                        }
+                    )
+        except OperationalError as e:
+            # Lock timeout - another request is holding the lock for too long
+            logger.warning(
+                f'Token refresh lock timeout for user {self.keycloak_user_id}: {e}'
+            )
+            raise TokenRefreshError(
+                'Unable to refresh token due to lock timeout. Please try again.'
+            ) from e
 
     async def is_access_token_valid(self) -> bool:
         """Check if the access token is still valid.
@@ -194,8 +291,8 @@ class AuthTokenStore:
         """Get an instance of the AuthTokenStore.
 
         Args:
-            config: The application configuration
             keycloak_user_id: The Keycloak user ID
+            idp: The identity provider type
 
         Returns:
             An instance of AuthTokenStore

enterprise/storage/database.py

@@ -18,17 +18,17 @@ def _get_db_session_injector():
     return _config.db_session
 
 
-def session_maker():
+def session_maker(**kwargs):
     db_session_injector = _get_db_session_injector()
-    session_maker = db_session_injector.get_session_maker()
-    return session_maker()
+    factory = db_session_injector.get_session_maker()
+    return factory(**kwargs)
 
 
 @contextlib.asynccontextmanager
-async def a_session_maker():
+async def a_session_maker(**kwargs):
     db_session_injector = _get_db_session_injector()
-    a_session_maker = await db_session_injector.get_async_session_maker()
-    async with a_session_maker() as session:
+    factory = await db_session_injector.get_async_session_maker()
+    async with factory(**kwargs) as session:
         yield session
 
 

enterprise/storage/lite_llm_manager.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import httpx
 from pydantic import SecretStr
 from server.auth.token_manager import TokenManager
 from server.constants import (
-    DEFAULT_INITIAL_BUDGET,
     LITE_LLM_API_KEY,
     LITE_LLM_API_URL,
     LITE_LLM_TEAM_ID,
@@ -18,21 +17,60 @@ from server.constants import (
     get_default_litellm_model,
 )
 from server.logger import logger
+from storage.encrypt_utils import decrypt_legacy_value
 from storage.user_settings import UserSettings
 
 from openhands.server.settings import Settings
 from openhands.utils.http_session import httpx_verify_option
 
-# Timeout in seconds for BYOR key verification requests to LiteLLM
-BYOR_KEY_VERIFICATION_TIMEOUT = 5.0
+# Timeout in seconds for key verification requests to LiteLLM
+KEY_VERIFICATION_TIMEOUT = 5.0
 
 # A very large number to represent "unlimited" until LiteLLM fixes their unlimited update bug.
 UNLIMITED_BUDGET_SETTING = 1000000000.0
 
 
+def get_openhands_cloud_key_alias(keycloak_user_id: str, org_id: str) -> str:
+    """Generate the key alias for OpenHands Cloud managed keys."""
+    return f'OpenHands Cloud - user {keycloak_user_id} - org {org_id}'
+
+
+def get_byor_key_alias(keycloak_user_id: str, org_id: str) -> str:
+    """Generate the key alias for BYOR (Bring Your Own Runtime) keys."""
+    return f'BYOR Key - user {keycloak_user_id}, org {org_id}'
+
+
 class LiteLlmManager:
     """Manage LiteLLM interactions."""
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_budget_from_team_info(
+        user_team_info: dict | None, user_id: str, org_id: str
+    ) -> tuple[float, float]:
+        """Extract max_budget and spend from user team info.
+
+        For personal orgs (user_id == org_id), uses litellm_budget_table.max_budget.
+        For team orgs, uses max_budget_in_team (populated by get_user_team_info).
+
+        Args:
+            user_team_info: The response from get_user_team_info
+            user_id: The user's ID
+            org_id: The organization's ID
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (max_budget, spend)
+        """
+        if not user_team_info:
+            return 0, 0
+        spend = user_team_info.get('spend', 0)
+        if user_id == org_id:
+            max_budget = (user_team_info.get('litellm_budget_table') or {}).get(
+                'max_budget', 0
+            )
+        else:
+            max_budget = user_team_info.get('max_budget_in_team') or 0
+        return max_budget, spend
+
     @staticmethod
     async def create_entries(
         org_id: str,
@@ -61,8 +99,33 @@ class LiteLlmManager:
                     'x-goog-api-key': LITE_LLM_API_KEY,
                 }
             ) as client:
+                # Check if team already exists and get its budget
+                # New users joining existing orgs should inherit the team's budget
+                team_budget = 0.0
+                try:
+                    existing_team = await LiteLlmManager._get_team(client, org_id)
+                    if existing_team:
+                        team_info = existing_team.get('team_info', {})
+                        team_budget = team_info.get('max_budget', 0.0) or 0.0
+                        logger.info(
+                            'LiteLlmManager:create_entries:existing_team_budget',
+                            extra={
+                                'org_id': org_id,
+                                'user_id': keycloak_user_id,
+                                'team_budget': team_budget,
+                            },
+                        )
+                except httpx.HTTPStatusError as e:
+                    # Team doesn't exist yet (404) - this is expected for first user
+                    if e.response.status_code != 404:
+                        raise
+                    logger.info(
+                        'LiteLlmManager:create_entries:no_existing_team',
+                        extra={'org_id': org_id, 'user_id': keycloak_user_id},
+                    )
+
                 await LiteLlmManager._create_team(
-                    client, keycloak_user_id, org_id, DEFAULT_INITIAL_BUDGET
+                    client, keycloak_user_id, org_id, team_budget
                 )
 
                 if create_user:
@@ -71,14 +134,14 @@ class LiteLlmManager:
                     )
 
                 await LiteLlmManager._add_user_to_team(
-                    client, keycloak_user_id, org_id, DEFAULT_INITIAL_BUDGET
+                    client, keycloak_user_id, org_id, team_budget
                 )
 
                 key = await LiteLlmManager._generate_key(
                     client,
                     keycloak_user_id,
                     org_id,
-                    f'OpenHands Cloud - user {keycloak_user_id} - org {org_id}',
+                    get_openhands_cloud_key_alias(keycloak_user_id, org_id),
                     None,
                 )
 
@@ -114,8 +177,24 @@ class LiteLlmManager:
                 if not user_json:
                     return None
                 user_info = user_json['user_info']
-                max_budget = user_info.get('max_budget', 0.0)
-                spend = user_info.get('spend', 0.0)
+
+                # Log original user values before any modifications for debugging
+                original_max_budget = user_info.get('max_budget')
+                original_spend = user_info.get('spend')
+                logger.info(
+                    'LiteLlmManager:migrate_lite_llm_entries:original_user_values',
+                    extra={
+                        'org_id': org_id,
+                        'user_id': keycloak_user_id,
+                        'original_max_budget': original_max_budget,
+                        'original_spend': original_spend,
+                    },
+                )
+
+                max_budget = (
+                    original_max_budget if original_max_budget is not None else 0.0
+                )
+                spend = original_spend if original_spend is not None else 0.0
                 # In upgrade to V4, we no longer use billing margin, but instead apply this directly
                 # in litellm. The default billing marign was 2 before this (hence the magic numbers below)
                 if (
@@ -136,11 +215,37 @@ class LiteLlmManager:
                     max_budget *= billing_margin
                     spend *= billing_margin
 
-                if not max_budget:
-                    # if max_budget is None, then we've already migrated the User
+                # Check if max_budget is None (not 0.0) or set to unlimited to determine if already migrated
+                # A user with max_budget=0.0 is different from max_budget=None
+                if (
+                    original_max_budget is None
+                    or original_max_budget == UNLIMITED_BUDGET_SETTING
+                ):
+                    # if max_budget is None or UNLIMITED, then we've already migrated the User
+                    logger.info(
+                        'LiteLlmManager:migrate_lite_llm_entries:already_migrated',
+                        extra={
+                            'org_id': org_id,
+                            'user_id': keycloak_user_id,
+                            'original_max_budget': original_max_budget,
+                        },
+                    )
                     return None
                 credits = max(max_budget - spend, 0.0)
 
+                # Log calculated migration values before performing updates
+                logger.info(
+                    'LiteLlmManager:migrate_lite_llm_entries:calculated_values',
+                    extra={
+                        'org_id': org_id,
+                        'user_id': keycloak_user_id,
+                        'adjusted_max_budget': max_budget,
+                        'adjusted_spend': spend,
+                        'calculated_credits': credits,
+                        'new_user_max_budget': UNLIMITED_BUDGET_SETTING,
+                    },
+                )
+
                 logger.debug(
                     'LiteLlmManager:migrate_lite_llm_entries:create_team',
                     extra={'org_id': org_id, 'user_id': keycloak_user_id},
@@ -165,29 +270,60 @@ class LiteLlmManager:
                     client, keycloak_user_id, org_id, credits
                 )
 
-                if user_settings.llm_api_key:
-                    logger.debug(
-                        'LiteLlmManager:migrate_lite_llm_entries:update_key',
-                        extra={'org_id': org_id, 'user_id': keycloak_user_id},
-                    )
-                    await LiteLlmManager._update_key(
-                        client,
-                        keycloak_user_id,
-                        user_settings.llm_api_key,
-                        team_id=org_id,
-                    )
+                logger.debug(
+                    'LiteLlmManager:migrate_lite_llm_entries:update_user_keys',
+                    extra={'org_id': org_id, 'user_id': keycloak_user_id},
+                )
+                await LiteLlmManager._update_user_keys(
+                    client,
+                    keycloak_user_id,
+                    team_id=org_id,
+                )
 
-                if user_settings.llm_api_key_for_byor:
-                    logger.debug(
-                        'LiteLlmManager:migrate_lite_llm_entries:update_byor_key',
-                        extra={'org_id': org_id, 'user_id': keycloak_user_id},
-                    )
-                    await LiteLlmManager._update_key(
-                        client,
-                        keycloak_user_id,
-                        user_settings.llm_api_key_for_byor,
-                        team_id=org_id,
+                # Check if the database key exists in LiteLLM
+                # If not, generate a new key to prevent verification failures later
+                db_key = None
+                if (
+                    user_settings
+                    and user_settings.llm_api_key
+                    and user_settings.llm_base_url == LITE_LLM_API_URL
+                ):
+                    db_key = user_settings.llm_api_key
+                    if hasattr(db_key, 'get_secret_value'):
+                        db_key = db_key.get_secret_value()
+
+                if db_key:
+                    # Verify the database key exists in LiteLLM
+                    key_valid = await LiteLlmManager.verify_key(
+                        db_key, keycloak_user_id
                     )
+                    if not key_valid:
+                        logger.warning(
+                            'LiteLlmManager:migrate_lite_llm_entries:db_key_not_in_litellm',
+                            extra={
+                                'org_id': org_id,
+                                'user_id': keycloak_user_id,
+                                'key_prefix': db_key[:10] + '...'
+                                if len(db_key) > 10
+                                else db_key,
+                            },
+                        )
+                        # Generate a new key for the user
+                        new_key = await LiteLlmManager._generate_key(
+                            client,
+                            keycloak_user_id,
+                            org_id,
+                            get_openhands_cloud_key_alias(keycloak_user_id, org_id),
+                            None,
+                        )
+                        if new_key:
+                            logger.info(
+                                'LiteLlmManager:migrate_lite_llm_entries:generated_new_key',
+                                extra={'org_id': org_id, 'user_id': keycloak_user_id},
+                            )
+                            # Update user_settings with the new key so it gets stored in org_member
+                            user_settings.llm_api_key = SecretStr(new_key)
+                            user_settings.llm_api_key_for_byor = SecretStr(new_key)
 
         logger.info(
             'LiteLlmManager:migrate_lite_llm_entries:complete',
@@ -305,30 +441,16 @@ class LiteLlmManager:
                         client, keycloak_user_id, LITE_LLM_TEAM_ID, restored_budget
                     )
 
-                # Step 4: Update keys to remove org team association (set team_id to default)
-                if user_settings.llm_api_key:
-                    logger.debug(
-                        'LiteLlmManager:downgrade_entries:update_key',
-                        extra={'org_id': org_id, 'user_id': keycloak_user_id},
-                    )
-                    await LiteLlmManager._update_key(
-                        client,
-                        keycloak_user_id,
-                        user_settings.llm_api_key,
-                        team_id=LITE_LLM_TEAM_ID,
-                    )
-
-                if user_settings.llm_api_key_for_byor:
-                    logger.debug(
-                        'LiteLlmManager:downgrade_entries:update_byor_key',
-                        extra={'org_id': org_id, 'user_id': keycloak_user_id},
-                    )
-                    await LiteLlmManager._update_key(
-                        client,
-                        keycloak_user_id,
-                        user_settings.llm_api_key_for_byor,
-                        team_id=LITE_LLM_TEAM_ID,
-                    )
+                # Step 4: Update all user keys to remove org team association (set team_id to default)
+                logger.debug(
+                    'LiteLlmManager:downgrade_entries:update_user_keys',
+                    extra={'org_id': org_id, 'user_id': keycloak_user_id},
+                )
+                await LiteLlmManager._update_user_keys(
+                    client,
+                    keycloak_user_id,
+                    team_id=LITE_LLM_TEAM_ID,
+                )
 
                 # Step 5: Remove user from their org team
                 logger.debug(
@@ -605,6 +727,13 @@ class LiteLlmManager:
             logger.warning('LiteLLM API configuration not found')
             return
 
+        try:
+            # Sometimes the key we get is encrypted - attempt to decrypt.
+            key = decrypt_legacy_value(key)
+        except Exception:
+            # The key was not encrypted
+            pass
+
         payload = {
             'key': key,
         }
@@ -621,6 +750,7 @@ class LiteLlmManager:
                     'invalid_litellm_key_during_update',
                     extra={
                         'user_id': keycloak_user_id,
+                        'text': response.text,
                     },
                 )
                 return
@@ -634,6 +764,77 @@ class LiteLlmManager:
             )
         response.raise_for_status()
 
+    @staticmethod
+    async def _get_user_keys(
+        client: httpx.AsyncClient,
+        keycloak_user_id: str,
+    ) -> list[str]:
+        """Get all keys for a user from LiteLLM.
+
+        Args:
+            client: The HTTP client to use for the request
+            keycloak_user_id: The user's Keycloak ID
+
+        Returns:
+            A list of key strings belonging to the user
+        """
+        if LITE_LLM_API_KEY is None or LITE_LLM_API_URL is None:
+            logger.warning('LiteLLM API configuration not found')
+            return []
+
+        response = await client.get(
+            f'{LITE_LLM_API_URL}/key/list',
+            params={'user_id': keycloak_user_id},
+        )
+
+        if not response.is_success:
+            logger.error(
+                'error_getting_user_keys',
+                extra={
+                    'status_code': response.status_code,
+                    'text': response.text,
+                    'user_id': keycloak_user_id,
+                },
+            )
+            return []
+
+        response_json = response.json()
+        keys = response_json.get('keys', [])
+        logger.debug(
+            'LiteLlmManager:_get_user_keys:keys_retrieved',
+            extra={
+                'user_id': keycloak_user_id,
+                'key_count': len(keys),
+            },
+        )
+        return keys
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def _update_user_keys(
+        client: httpx.AsyncClient,
+        keycloak_user_id: str,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Update all keys belonging to a user with the given parameters.
+
+        Args:
+            client: The HTTP client to use for the request
+            keycloak_user_id: The user's Keycloak ID
+            **kwargs: Parameters to update on each key (e.g., team_id)
+        """
+        keys = await LiteLlmManager._get_user_keys(client, keycloak_user_id)
+
+        logger.debug(
+            'LiteLlmManager:_update_user_keys:updating_keys',
+            extra={
+                'user_id': keycloak_user_id,
+                'key_count': len(keys),
+            },
+        )
+
+        for key in keys:
+            await LiteLlmManager._update_key(client, keycloak_user_id, key, **kwargs)
+
     @staticmethod
     async def _delete_user(
         client: httpx.AsyncClient,
@@ -745,21 +946,31 @@ class LiteLlmManager:
         if LITE_LLM_API_KEY is None or LITE_LLM_API_URL is None:
             logger.warning('LiteLLM API configuration not found')
             return None
-        team_info = await LiteLlmManager._get_team(client, team_id)
-        if not team_info:
+        team_response = await LiteLlmManager._get_team(client, team_id)
+        if not team_response:
             return None
 
         # Filter team_memberships based on team_id and keycloak_user_id
         user_membership = next(
             (
                 membership
-                for membership in team_info.get('team_memberships', [])
+                for membership in team_response.get('team_memberships', [])
                 if membership.get('user_id') == keycloak_user_id
                 and membership.get('team_id') == team_id
             ),
             None,
         )
 
+        if not user_membership:
+            return None
+
+        # For team orgs (user_id != team_id), include team-level budget info
+        # The team's max_budget and spend are shared across all members
+        if keycloak_user_id != team_id:
+            team_info = team_response.get('team_info', {})
+            user_membership['max_budget_in_team'] = team_info.get('max_budget')
+            user_membership['spend'] = team_info.get('spend', 0)
+
         return user_membership
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -905,7 +1116,7 @@ class LiteLlmManager:
         try:
             async with httpx.AsyncClient(
                 verify=httpx_verify_option(),
-                timeout=BYOR_KEY_VERIFICATION_TIMEOUT,
+                timeout=KEY_VERIFICATION_TIMEOUT,
             ) as client:
                 # Make a lightweight request to verify the key
                 # Using /v1/models endpoint as it's lightweight and requires authentication
@@ -919,7 +1130,7 @@ class LiteLlmManager:
                 # Only 200 status code indicates valid key
                 if response.status_code == 200:
                     logger.debug(
-                        'BYOR key verification successful',
+                        'Key verification successful',
                         extra={'user_id': user_id},
                     )
                     return True
@@ -927,7 +1138,7 @@ class LiteLlmManager:
                 # All other status codes (401, 403, 500, etc.) are treated as invalid
                 # This includes authentication errors and server errors
                 logger.warning(
-                    'BYOR key verification failed - treating as invalid',
+                    'Key verification failed - treating as invalid',
                     extra={
                         'user_id': user_id,
                         'status_code': response.status_code,
@@ -940,7 +1151,7 @@ class LiteLlmManager:
             # Any exception (timeout, network error, etc.) means we can't verify
             # Return False to trigger regeneration rather than returning potentially invalid key
             logger.warning(
-                'BYOR key verification error - treating as invalid to ensure key validity',
+                'Key verification error - treating as invalid to ensure key validity',
                 extra={
                     'user_id': user_id,
                     'error': str(e),
@@ -984,6 +1195,103 @@ class LiteLlmManager:
             'key_spend': key_info.get('spend'),
         }
 
+    @staticmethod
+    async def _get_all_keys_for_user(
+        client: httpx.AsyncClient,
+        keycloak_user_id: str,
+    ) -> list[dict]:
+        """Get all keys for a user from LiteLLM.
+
+        Returns a list of key info dictionaries containing:
+        - token: the key value (hashed or partial)
+        - key_alias: the alias for the key
+        - key_name: the name of the key
+        - spend: the amount spent on this key
+        - max_budget: the max budget for this key
+        - team_id: the team the key belongs to
+        - metadata: any metadata associated with the key
+
+        Returns an empty list if no keys found or on error.
+        """
+        if LITE_LLM_API_KEY is None or LITE_LLM_API_URL is None:
+            logger.warning('LiteLLM API configuration not found')
+            return []
+
+        try:
+            response = await client.get(
+                f'{LITE_LLM_API_URL}/user/info?user_id={keycloak_user_id}',
+                headers={'x-goog-api-key': LITE_LLM_API_KEY},
+            )
+            response.raise_for_status()
+            user_json = response.json()
+            # The user/info endpoint returns keys in the 'keys' field
+            return user_json.get('keys', [])
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warning(
+                'LiteLlmManager:_get_all_keys_for_user:error',
+                extra={
+                    'user_id': keycloak_user_id,
+                    'error': str(e),
+                },
+            )
+            return []
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def _verify_existing_key(
+        client: httpx.AsyncClient,
+        key_value: str,
+        keycloak_user_id: str,
+        org_id: str,
+        openhands_type: bool = False,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Check if an existing key exists for the user/org in LiteLLM.
+
+        Verifies the provided key_value matches a key registered in LiteLLM for
+        the given user and organization. For openhands_type=True, looks for keys
+        with metadata type='openhands' and matching team_id. For openhands_type=False,
+        looks for keys with matching alias and team_id.
+
+        Returns True if the key is found and valid, False otherwise.
+        """
+        found = False
+        keys = await LiteLlmManager._get_all_keys_for_user(client, keycloak_user_id)
+        for key_info in keys:
+            metadata = key_info.get('metadata') or {}
+            team_id = key_info.get('team_id')
+            key_alias = key_info.get('key_alias')
+            token = None
+            if (
+                openhands_type
+                and metadata.get('type') == 'openhands'
+                and team_id == org_id
+            ):
+                # Found an existing OpenHands key for this org
+                key_name = key_info.get('key_name')
+                token = key_name[-4:] if key_name else None  # last 4 digits of key
+                if token and key_value.endswith(
+                    token
+                ):  # check if this is our current key
+                    found = True
+                    break
+            if (
+                not openhands_type
+                and team_id == org_id
+                and (
+                    key_alias == get_openhands_cloud_key_alias(keycloak_user_id, org_id)
+                    or key_alias == get_byor_key_alias(keycloak_user_id, org_id)
+                )
+            ):
+                # Found an existing key for this org (regardless of type)
+                key_name = key_info.get('key_name')
+                token = key_name[-4:] if key_name else None  # last 4 digits of key
+                if token and key_value.endswith(
+                    token
+                ):  # check if this is our current key
+                    found = True
+                    break
+
+        return found
+
     @staticmethod
     async def _delete_key_by_alias(
         client: httpx.AsyncClient,
@@ -1081,4 +1389,8 @@ class LiteLlmManager:
     update_user_in_team = staticmethod(with_http_client(_update_user_in_team))
     generate_key = staticmethod(with_http_client(_generate_key))
     get_key_info = staticmethod(with_http_client(_get_key_info))
+    verify_existing_key = staticmethod(with_http_client(_verify_existing_key))
     delete_key = staticmethod(with_http_client(_delete_key))
+    get_user_keys = staticmethod(with_http_client(_get_user_keys))
+    delete_key_by_alias = staticmethod(with_http_client(_delete_key_by_alias))
+    update_user_keys = staticmethod(with_http_client(_update_user_keys))

enterprise/storage/org.py

@@ -46,10 +46,14 @@ class Org(Base):  # type: ignore
     v1_enabled = Column(Boolean, nullable=True)
     conversation_expiration = Column(Integer, nullable=True)
     condenser_max_size = Column(Integer, nullable=True)
+    byor_export_enabled = Column(Boolean, nullable=False, default=False)
 
     # Relationships
     org_members = relationship('OrgMember', back_populates='org')
     current_users = relationship('User', back_populates='current_org')
+    invitations = relationship(
+        'OrgInvitation', back_populates='org', passive_deletes=True
+    )
     billing_sessions = relationship('BillingSession', back_populates='org')
     stored_conversation_metadata_saas = relationship(
         'StoredConversationMetadataSaas', back_populates='org'

enterprise/storage/org_invitation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+"""
+SQLAlchemy model for Organization Invitation.
+"""
+
+from sqlalchemy import UUID, Column, DateTime, ForeignKey, Integer, String, text
+from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
+from storage.base import Base
+
+
+class OrgInvitation(Base):  # type: ignore
+    """Organization invitation model.
+
+    Represents an invitation for a user to join an organization.
+    Invitations are created by organization owners/admins and contain
+    a secure token that can be used to accept the invitation.
+    """
+
+    __tablename__ = 'org_invitation'
+
+    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    token = Column(String(64), nullable=False, unique=True, index=True)
+    org_id = Column(
+        UUID(as_uuid=True),
+        ForeignKey('org.id', ondelete='CASCADE'),
+        nullable=False,
+        index=True,
+    )
+    email = Column(String(255), nullable=False, index=True)
+    role_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('role.id'), nullable=False)
+    inviter_id = Column(UUID(as_uuid=True), ForeignKey('user.id'), nullable=False)
+    status = Column(
+        String(20),
+        nullable=False,
+        server_default=text("'pending'"),
+    )
+    created_at = Column(
+        DateTime,
+        nullable=False,
+        server_default=text('CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'),
+    )
+    expires_at = Column(DateTime, nullable=False)
+    accepted_at = Column(DateTime, nullable=True)
+    accepted_by_user_id = Column(
+        UUID(as_uuid=True),
+        ForeignKey('user.id'),
+        nullable=True,
+    )
+
+    # Relationships
+    org = relationship('Org', back_populates='invitations')
+    role = relationship('Role')
+    inviter = relationship('User', foreign_keys=[inviter_id])
+    accepted_by_user = relationship('User', foreign_keys=[accepted_by_user_id])
+
+    # Status constants
+    STATUS_PENDING = 'pending'
+    STATUS_ACCEPTED = 'accepted'
+    STATUS_REVOKED = 'revoked'
+    STATUS_EXPIRED = 'expired'

enterprise/storage/org_invitation_store.py

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+"""
+Store class for managing organization invitations.
+"""
+
+import secrets
+import string
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from typing import Optional
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from sqlalchemy import and_, select
+from sqlalchemy.orm import joinedload
+from storage.database import a_session_maker
+from storage.org_invitation import OrgInvitation
+
+from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
+
+# Invitation token configuration
+INVITATION_TOKEN_PREFIX = 'inv-'
+INVITATION_TOKEN_LENGTH = 48  # Total length will be 52 with prefix
+DEFAULT_EXPIRATION_DAYS = 7
+
+
+class OrgInvitationStore:
+    """Store for managing organization invitations."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def generate_token(length: int = INVITATION_TOKEN_LENGTH) -> str:
+        """Generate a secure invitation token.
+
+        Uses cryptographically secure random generation for tokens.
+        Pattern from api_key_store.py.
+
+        Args:
+            length: Length of the random part of the token
+
+        Returns:
+            str: Token with prefix (e.g., 'inv-aBcDeF123...')
+        """
+        alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
+        random_part = ''.join(secrets.choice(alphabet) for _ in range(length))
+        return f'{INVITATION_TOKEN_PREFIX}{random_part}'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def create_invitation(
+        org_id: UUID,
+        email: str,
+        role_id: int,
+        inviter_id: UUID,
+        expiration_days: int = DEFAULT_EXPIRATION_DAYS,
+    ) -> OrgInvitation:
+        """Create a new organization invitation.
+
+        Args:
+            org_id: Organization UUID
+            email: Invitee's email address
+            role_id: Role ID to assign on acceptance
+            inviter_id: User ID of the person creating the invitation
+            expiration_days: Days until the invitation expires
+
+        Returns:
+            OrgInvitation: The created invitation record
+        """
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            token = OrgInvitationStore.generate_token()
+            # Use timezone-naive datetime for database compatibility
+            expires_at = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(days=expiration_days)
+
+            invitation = OrgInvitation(
+                token=token,
+                org_id=org_id,
+                email=email.lower().strip(),
+                role_id=role_id,
+                inviter_id=inviter_id,
+                status=OrgInvitation.STATUS_PENDING,
+                expires_at=expires_at,
+            )
+            session.add(invitation)
+            await session.commit()
+
+            # Re-fetch with eagerly loaded relationships to avoid DetachedInstanceError
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(OrgInvitation)
+                .options(joinedload(OrgInvitation.role))
+                .filter(OrgInvitation.id == invitation.id)
+            )
+            invitation = result.scalars().first()
+
+            logger.info(
+                'Created organization invitation',
+                extra={
+                    'invitation_id': invitation.id,
+                    'org_id': str(org_id),
+                    'email': email,
+                    'inviter_id': str(inviter_id),
+                    'expires_at': expires_at.isoformat(),
+                },
+            )
+
+            return invitation
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get_invitation_by_token(token: str) -> Optional[OrgInvitation]:
+        """Get an invitation by its token.
+
+        Args:
+            token: The invitation token
+
+        Returns:
+            OrgInvitation or None if not found
+        """
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(OrgInvitation)
+                .options(joinedload(OrgInvitation.org), joinedload(OrgInvitation.role))
+                .filter(OrgInvitation.token == token)
+            )
+            return result.scalars().first()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get_pending_invitation(
+        org_id: UUID, email: str
+    ) -> Optional[OrgInvitation]:
+        """Get a pending invitation for an email in an organization.
+
+        Args:
+            org_id: Organization UUID
+            email: Email address to check
+
+        Returns:
+            OrgInvitation or None if no pending invitation exists
+        """
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(OrgInvitation).filter(
+                    and_(
+                        OrgInvitation.org_id == org_id,
+                        OrgInvitation.email == email.lower().strip(),
+                        OrgInvitation.status == OrgInvitation.STATUS_PENDING,
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+            return result.scalars().first()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def update_invitation_status(
+        invitation_id: int,
+        status: str,
+        accepted_by_user_id: Optional[UUID] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[OrgInvitation]:
+        """Update an invitation's status.
+
+        Args:
+            invitation_id: The invitation ID
+            status: New status (pending, accepted, revoked, expired)
+            accepted_by_user_id: User ID who accepted (only for 'accepted' status)
+
+        Returns:
+            Updated OrgInvitation or None if not found
+        """
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(OrgInvitation).filter(OrgInvitation.id == invitation_id)
+            )
+            invitation = result.scalars().first()
+
+            if not invitation:
+                return None
+
+            old_status = invitation.status
+            invitation.status = status
+
+            if status == OrgInvitation.STATUS_ACCEPTED and accepted_by_user_id:
+                # Use timezone-naive datetime for database compatibility
+                invitation.accepted_at = datetime.utcnow()
+                invitation.accepted_by_user_id = accepted_by_user_id
+
+            await session.commit()
+            await session.refresh(invitation)
+
+            logger.info(
+                'Updated invitation status',
+                extra={
+                    'invitation_id': invitation_id,
+                    'old_status': old_status,
+                    'new_status': status,
+                    'accepted_by_user_id': (
+                        str(accepted_by_user_id) if accepted_by_user_id else None
+                    ),
+                },
+            )
+
+            return invitation
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_token_expired(invitation: OrgInvitation) -> bool:
+        """Check if an invitation token has expired.
+
+        Args:
+            invitation: The invitation to check
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if expired, False otherwise
+        """
+        # Use timezone-naive datetime for comparison (database stores without timezone)
+        now = datetime.utcnow()
+        return invitation.expires_at < now
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def mark_expired_if_needed(invitation: OrgInvitation) -> bool:
+        """Check if invitation is expired and update status if needed.
+
+        Args:
+            invitation: The invitation to check
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if invitation was marked as expired, False otherwise
+        """
+        if (
+            invitation.status == OrgInvitation.STATUS_PENDING
+            and OrgInvitationStore.is_token_expired(invitation)
+        ):
+            await OrgInvitationStore.update_invitation_status(
+                invitation.id, OrgInvitation.STATUS_EXPIRED
+            )
+            return True
+        return False

enterprise/storage/org_member_store.py

@@ -5,8 +5,11 @@ Store class for managing organization-member relationships.
 from typing import Optional
 from uuid import UUID
 
-from storage.database import session_maker
+from sqlalchemy import func, select
+from sqlalchemy.orm import joinedload
+from storage.database import a_session_maker, session_maker
 from storage.org_member import OrgMember
+from storage.user import User
 from storage.user_settings import UserSettings
 
 from openhands.storage.data_models.settings import Settings
@@ -38,7 +41,7 @@ class OrgMemberStore:
             return org_member
 
     @staticmethod
-    def get_org_member(org_id: UUID, user_id: int) -> Optional[OrgMember]:
+    def get_org_member(org_id: UUID, user_id: UUID) -> Optional[OrgMember]:
         """Get organization-user relationship."""
         with session_maker() as session:
             return (
@@ -48,7 +51,63 @@ class OrgMemberStore:
             )
 
     @staticmethod
-    def get_user_orgs(user_id: int) -> list[OrgMember]:
+    async def get_org_member_async(org_id: UUID, user_id: UUID) -> Optional[OrgMember]:
+        """Get organization-user relationship."""
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(OrgMember).filter(
+                    OrgMember.org_id == org_id, OrgMember.user_id == user_id
+                )
+            )
+            return result.scalars().first()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_org_member_for_current_org(user_id: UUID) -> Optional[OrgMember]:
+        """Get the org member for a user's current organization.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id: The user's UUID.
+
+        Returns:
+            The OrgMember for the user's current organization, or None if not found.
+        """
+        with session_maker() as session:
+            result = (
+                session.query(OrgMember)
+                .join(User, User.id == OrgMember.user_id)
+                .filter(
+                    User.id == user_id,
+                    OrgMember.org_id == User.current_org_id,
+                )
+                .first()
+            )
+            return result
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get_org_member_for_current_org_async(
+        user_id: UUID,
+    ) -> Optional[OrgMember]:
+        """Get the org member for a user's current organization (async version).
+
+        Args:
+            user_id: The user's UUID.
+
+        Returns:
+            The OrgMember for the user's current organization, or None if not found.
+        """
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(OrgMember)
+                .join(User, User.id == OrgMember.user_id)
+                .filter(
+                    User.id == user_id,
+                    OrgMember.org_id == User.current_org_id,
+                )
+            )
+            return result.scalars().first()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_user_orgs(user_id: UUID) -> list[OrgMember]:
         """Get all organizations for a user."""
         with session_maker() as session:
             return session.query(OrgMember).filter(OrgMember.user_id == user_id).all()
@@ -68,7 +127,7 @@ class OrgMemberStore:
 
     @staticmethod
     def update_user_role_in_org(
-        org_id: UUID, user_id: int, role_id: int, status: Optional[str] = None
+        org_id: UUID, user_id: UUID, role_id: int, status: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> Optional[OrgMember]:
         """Update user's role in an organization."""
         with session_maker() as session:
@@ -90,7 +149,7 @@ class OrgMemberStore:
             return org_member
 
     @staticmethod
-    def remove_user_from_org(org_id: UUID, user_id: int) -> bool:
+    def remove_user_from_org(org_id: UUID, user_id: UUID) -> bool:
         """Remove a user from an organization."""
         with session_maker() as session:
             org_member = (
@@ -123,3 +182,75 @@ class OrgMemberStore:
             if (normalized := c.name.lstrip('_')) and hasattr(user_settings, normalized)
         }
         return kwargs
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get_org_members_count(
+        org_id: UUID,
+        email_filter: str | None = None,
+    ) -> int:
+        """Get total count of organization members, optionally filtered by email.
+
+        Args:
+            org_id: Organization UUID.
+            email_filter: Optional case-insensitive partial email match.
+
+        Returns:
+            Total count of matching members.
+        """
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            query = select(func.count(OrgMember.user_id)).filter(
+                OrgMember.org_id == org_id
+            )
+
+            if email_filter:
+                query = query.join(User, User.id == OrgMember.user_id).filter(
+                    User.email.ilike(f'%{email_filter}%')
+                )
+
+            result = await session.execute(query)
+            return result.scalar() or 0
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get_org_members_paginated(
+        org_id: UUID,
+        offset: int = 0,
+        limit: int = 100,
+        email_filter: str | None = None,
+    ) -> tuple[list[OrgMember], bool]:
+        """Get paginated list of organization members with user and role info.
+
+        Args:
+            org_id: Organization UUID.
+            offset: Number of records to skip.
+            limit: Maximum number of records to return.
+            email_filter: Optional case-insensitive partial email match.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (members_list, has_more) where has_more indicates if there are more results.
+        """
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            # Query for limit + 1 items to determine if there are more results
+            # Order by user_id for consistent pagination
+            query = (
+                select(OrgMember)
+                .options(joinedload(OrgMember.user), joinedload(OrgMember.role))
+                .join(User, User.id == OrgMember.user_id)
+                .filter(OrgMember.org_id == org_id)
+            )
+
+            # Apply email filter if provided
+            if email_filter:
+                query = query.filter(User.email.ilike(f'%{email_filter}%'))
+
+            query = query.order_by(OrgMember.user_id).offset(offset).limit(limit + 1)
+
+            result = await session.execute(query)
+            members = list(result.unique().scalars().all())
+
+            # Check if there are more results
+            has_more = len(members) > limit
+            if has_more:
+                # Remove the extra item
+                members = members[:limit]
+
+            return members, has_more

enterprise/storage/org_service.py

@@ -521,6 +521,7 @@ class OrgService:
         Raises:
             ValueError: If organization not found
             PermissionError: If user is not a member, or lacks admin/owner role for LLM settings
+            OrgNameExistsError: If new name already exists for another organization
             OrgDatabaseError: If database update fails
         """
         logger.info(
@@ -550,6 +551,24 @@ class OrgService:
                 'User must be a member of the organization to update it'
             )
 
+        # Check if name is being updated and validate uniqueness
+        if update_data.name is not None:
+            # Check if new name conflicts with another org
+            existing_org_with_name = OrgStore.get_org_by_name(update_data.name)
+            if (
+                existing_org_with_name is not None
+                and existing_org_with_name.id != org_id
+            ):
+                logger.warning(
+                    'Attempted to update organization with duplicate name',
+                    extra={
+                        'user_id': user_id,
+                        'org_id': str(org_id),
+                        'attempted_name': update_data.name,
+                    },
+                )
+                raise OrgNameExistsError(update_data.name)
+
         # Check if update contains any LLM settings
         llm_fields_being_updated = OrgService._has_llm_settings_updates(update_data)
         if llm_fields_being_updated:
@@ -637,10 +656,9 @@ class OrgService:
                 )
                 return None
 
-            max_budget = (user_team_info.get('litellm_budget_table') or {}).get(
-                'max_budget', 0
+            max_budget, spend = LiteLlmManager.get_budget_from_team_info(
+                user_team_info, user_id, str(org_id)
             )
-            spend = user_team_info.get('spend', 0)
             credits = max(max_budget - spend, 0)
 
             logger.debug(
@@ -842,3 +860,94 @@ class OrgService:
                 extra={'user_id': user_id, 'org_id': str(org_id), 'error': str(e)},
             )
             raise OrgDatabaseError(f'Failed to delete organization: {str(e)}')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def check_byor_export_enabled(user_id: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if BYOR export is enabled for the user's current org.
+
+        Returns True if the user's current org has byor_export_enabled set to True.
+        Returns False if the user is not found, has no current org, or the flag is False.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id: User ID to check
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if BYOR export is enabled, False otherwise
+        """
+        user = await UserStore.get_user_by_id_async(user_id)
+        if not user or not user.current_org_id:
+            return False
+
+        org = OrgStore.get_org_by_id(user.current_org_id)
+        if not org:
+            return False
+
+        return org.byor_export_enabled
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def switch_org(user_id: str, org_id: UUID) -> Org:
+        """
+        Switch user's current organization to the specified organization.
+
+        This method:
+        1. Validates that the organization exists
+        2. Validates that the user is a member of the organization
+        3. Updates the user's current_org_id
+
+        Args:
+            user_id: User ID (string that will be converted to UUID)
+            org_id: Organization ID to switch to
+
+        Returns:
+            Org: The organization that was switched to
+
+        Raises:
+            OrgNotFoundError: If organization doesn't exist
+            OrgAuthorizationError: If user is not a member of the organization
+            OrgDatabaseError: If database update fails
+        """
+        logger.info(
+            'Switching user organization',
+            extra={'user_id': user_id, 'org_id': str(org_id)},
+        )
+
+        # Step 1: Check if organization exists
+        org = OrgStore.get_org_by_id(org_id)
+        if not org:
+            raise OrgNotFoundError(str(org_id))
+
+        # Step 2: Validate user is a member of the organization
+        if not OrgService.is_org_member(user_id, org_id):
+            logger.warning(
+                'User attempted to switch to organization they are not a member of',
+                extra={'user_id': user_id, 'org_id': str(org_id)},
+            )
+            raise OrgAuthorizationError(
+                'User must be a member of the organization to switch to it'
+            )
+
+        # Step 3: Update user's current_org_id
+        try:
+            updated_user = UserStore.update_current_org(user_id, org_id)
+            if not updated_user:
+                raise OrgDatabaseError('User not found')
+
+            logger.info(
+                'Successfully switched user organization',
+                extra={
+                    'user_id': user_id,
+                    'org_id': str(org_id),
+                    'org_name': org.name,
+                },
+            )
+
+            return org
+
+        except OrgDatabaseError:
+            raise
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(
+                'Failed to switch user organization',
+                extra={'user_id': user_id, 'org_id': str(org_id), 'error': str(e)},
+            )
+            raise OrgDatabaseError(f'Failed to switch organization: {str(e)}')

enterprise/storage/org_store.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from server.constants import (
     ORG_SETTINGS_VERSION,
     get_default_litellm_model,
 )
+from server.routes.org_models import OrphanedUserError
 from sqlalchemy import text
 from sqlalchemy.orm import joinedload
 from storage.database import session_maker
@@ -320,17 +321,41 @@ class OrgStore:
                     {'org_id': str(org_id)},
                 )
 
-                # 3. Delete organization memberships
+                # 3. Handle users with this as current_org_id BEFORE deleting memberships
+                # Single query to find orphaned users (those with no alternative org)
+                orphaned_users = session.execute(
+                    text("""
+                        SELECT u.id
+                        FROM "user" u
+                        WHERE u.current_org_id = :org_id
+                        AND NOT EXISTS (
+                            SELECT 1 FROM org_member om
+                            WHERE om.user_id = u.id AND om.org_id != :org_id
+                        )
+                    """),
+                    {'org_id': str(org_id)},
+                ).fetchall()
+
+                if orphaned_users:
+                    raise OrphanedUserError([str(row[0]) for row in orphaned_users])
+
+                # Batch update: reassign current_org_id to an alternative org for all affected users
                 session.execute(
-                    text('DELETE FROM org_member WHERE org_id = :org_id'),
+                    text("""
+                        UPDATE "user" u
+                        SET current_org_id = (
+                            SELECT om.org_id FROM org_member om
+                            WHERE om.user_id = u.id AND om.org_id != :org_id
+                            LIMIT 1
+                        )
+                        WHERE u.current_org_id = :org_id
+                    """),
                     {'org_id': str(org_id)},
                 )
 
-                # 4. Handle users with this as current_org_id
+                # 4. Delete organization memberships (now safe)
                 session.execute(
-                    text(
-                        'UPDATE "user" SET current_org_id = NULL WHERE current_org_id = :org_id'
-                    ),
+                    text('DELETE FROM org_member WHERE org_id = :org_id'),
                     {'org_id': str(org_id)},
                 )
 

enterprise/storage/resend_synced_user.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""SQLAlchemy model for tracking users synced to Resend audiences."""
+
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+from sqlalchemy import Column, DateTime, String, UniqueConstraint
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import UUID
+from storage.base import Base
+
+
+class ResendSyncedUser(Base):  # type: ignore
+    """Tracks users that have been synced to a Resend audience.
+
+    This table ensures that once a user is synced to a Resend audience,
+    they won't be re-added even if they are later deleted from the
+    Resend UI. This respects manual deletions/unsubscribes.
+    """
+
+    __tablename__ = 'resend_synced_users'
+
+    id = Column(UUID(as_uuid=True), primary_key=True, default=uuid4)
+    email = Column(String, nullable=False, index=True)
+    audience_id = Column(String, nullable=False, index=True)
+    synced_at = Column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True),
+        default=lambda: datetime.now(UTC),
+        nullable=False,
+    )
+    keycloak_user_id = Column(String, nullable=True)
+
+    __table_args__ = (
+        UniqueConstraint(
+            'email', 'audience_id', name='uq_resend_synced_email_audience'
+        ),
+    )

enterprise/storage/resend_synced_user_store.py

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+"""Store class for managing Resend synced users."""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
+from typing import Optional, Set
+
+from sqlalchemy import delete, select
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import insert
+from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
+from storage.resend_synced_user import ResendSyncedUser
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ResendSyncedUserStore:
+    """Store for tracking users synced to Resend audiences."""
+
+    session_maker: sessionmaker
+
+    def is_user_synced(self, email: str, audience_id: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if a user has been synced to a specific audience.
+
+        Args:
+            email: The email address to check.
+            audience_id: The Resend audience ID.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if the user has been synced, False otherwise.
+        """
+        with self.session_maker() as session:
+            stmt = select(ResendSyncedUser).where(
+                ResendSyncedUser.email == email.lower(),
+                ResendSyncedUser.audience_id == audience_id,
+            )
+            result = session.execute(stmt).first()
+            return result is not None
+
+    def get_synced_emails_for_audience(self, audience_id: str) -> Set[str]:
+        """Get all synced email addresses for a specific audience.
+
+        Args:
+            audience_id: The Resend audience ID.
+
+        Returns:
+            A set of lowercase email addresses that have been synced.
+        """
+        with self.session_maker() as session:
+            stmt = select(ResendSyncedUser.email).where(
+                ResendSyncedUser.audience_id == audience_id,
+            )
+            result = session.execute(stmt).scalars().all()
+            return set(result)
+
+    def mark_user_synced(
+        self,
+        email: str,
+        audience_id: str,
+        keycloak_user_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> ResendSyncedUser:
+        """Mark a user as synced to a specific audience.
+
+        Uses upsert to handle race conditions - if the user is already
+        marked as synced, this is a no-op.
+
+        Args:
+            email: The email address of the user.
+            audience_id: The Resend audience ID.
+            keycloak_user_id: Optional Keycloak user ID.
+
+        Returns:
+            The ResendSyncedUser record.
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError: If the record could not be created or retrieved.
+        """
+        with self.session_maker() as session:
+            stmt = (
+                insert(ResendSyncedUser)
+                .values(
+                    email=email.lower(),
+                    audience_id=audience_id,
+                    keycloak_user_id=keycloak_user_id,
+                    synced_at=datetime.now(UTC),
+                )
+                .on_conflict_do_nothing(constraint='uq_resend_synced_email_audience')
+                .returning(ResendSyncedUser)
+            )
+            result = session.execute(stmt)
+            session.commit()
+
+            row = result.first()
+            if row:
+                return row[0]
+
+            # on_conflict_do_nothing triggered, fetch the existing record
+            existing = session.execute(
+                select(ResendSyncedUser).where(
+                    ResendSyncedUser.email == email.lower(),
+                    ResendSyncedUser.audience_id == audience_id,
+                )
+            ).first()
+            if existing:
+                return existing[0]
+
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f'Failed to create or retrieve synced user record for {email}'
+            )
+
+    def remove_synced_user(self, email: str, audience_id: str) -> bool:
+        """Remove a user's synced status for a specific audience.
+
+        Args:
+            email: The email address of the user.
+            audience_id: The Resend audience ID.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if a record was deleted, False if no record existed.
+        """
+        with self.session_maker() as session:
+            stmt = delete(ResendSyncedUser).where(
+                ResendSyncedUser.email == email.lower(),
+                ResendSyncedUser.audience_id == audience_id,
+            )
+            result = session.execute(stmt)
+            session.commit()
+            return result.rowcount > 0

enterprise/storage/role_store.py

@@ -29,6 +29,20 @@ class RoleStore:
         with session_maker() as session:
             return session.query(Role).filter(Role.id == role_id).first()
 
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get_role_by_id_async(
+        role_id: int,
+        session: Optional[AsyncSession] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[Role]:
+        """Get role by ID (async version)."""
+        if session is not None:
+            result = await session.execute(select(Role).where(Role.id == role_id))
+            return result.scalars().first()
+
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            result = await session.execute(select(Role).where(Role.id == role_id))
+            return result.scalars().first()
+
     @staticmethod
     def get_role_by_name(name: str) -> Optional[Role]:
         """Get role by name."""

enterprise/storage/saas_conversation_store.py

@@ -34,11 +34,10 @@ class SaasConversationStore(ConversationStore):
     session_maker: sessionmaker
     org_id: UUID | None = None  # will be fetched automatically
 
-    def __init__(self, user_id: str, session_maker: sessionmaker):
+    def __init__(self, user_id: str, org_id: UUID, session_maker: sessionmaker):
         self.user_id = user_id
+        self.org_id = org_id
         self.session_maker = session_maker
-        user = UserStore.get_user_by_id(user_id)
-        self.org_id = user.current_org_id if user else None
 
     def _select_by_id(self, session, conversation_id: str):
         # Join StoredConversationMetadata with ConversationMetadataSaas to filter by user/org
@@ -235,4 +234,6 @@ class SaasConversationStore(ConversationStore):
         cls, config: OpenHandsConfig, user_id: str | None
     ) -> ConversationStore:
         # user_id should not be None in SaaS, should we raise?
-        return SaasConversationStore(str(user_id), session_maker)
+        user = await UserStore.get_user_by_id_async(user_id)
+        org_id = user.current_org_id if user else None
+        return SaasConversationStore(str(user_id), org_id, session_maker)

enterprise/storage/saas_settings_store.py

@@ -8,10 +8,11 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 
 from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
 from pydantic import SecretStr
+from server.constants import LITE_LLM_API_URL
 from server.logger import logger
 from sqlalchemy.orm import joinedload, sessionmaker
 from storage.database import session_maker
-from storage.lite_llm_manager import LiteLlmManager
+from storage.lite_llm_manager import LiteLlmManager, get_openhands_cloud_key_alias
 from storage.org import Org
 from storage.org_member import OrgMember
 from storage.org_store import OrgStore
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ from openhands.core.config.openhands_config import OpenHandsConfig
 from openhands.server.settings import Settings
 from openhands.storage.settings.settings_store import SettingsStore
 from openhands.utils.async_utils import call_sync_from_async
+from openhands.utils.llm import is_openhands_model
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -123,7 +125,6 @@ class SaasSettingsStore(SettingsStore):
         with self.session_maker() as session:
             if not item:
                 return None
-            kwargs = item.model_dump(context={'expose_secrets': True})
             user = (
                 session.query(User)
                 .options(joinedload(User.org_members))
@@ -144,23 +145,29 @@ class SaasSettingsStore(SettingsStore):
                     return None
 
             org_id = user.current_org_id
-            # Check if provider is OpenHands and generate API key if needed
-            if self._is_openhands_provider(item):
-                await self._ensure_openhands_api_key(item, str(org_id))
-            org_member = None
+
+            org_member: OrgMember = None
             for om in user.org_members:
                 if om.org_id == org_id:
                     org_member = om
                     break
             if not org_member or not org_member.llm_api_key:
                 return None
-            org = session.query(Org).filter(Org.id == org_id).first()
+
+            org: Org = session.query(Org).filter(Org.id == org_id).first()
             if not org:
                 logger.error(
                     f'Org not found for ID {org_id} as the current org for user {self.user_id}'
                 )
                 return None
 
+            # Check if we need to generate an LLM key.
+            if item.llm_base_url == LITE_LLM_API_URL:
+                await self._ensure_api_key(
+                    item, str(org_id), openhands_type=is_openhands_model(item.llm_model)
+                )
+
+            kwargs = item.model_dump(context={'expose_secrets': True})
             for model in (user, org, org_member):
                 for key, value in kwargs.items():
                     if hasattr(model, key):
@@ -223,32 +230,49 @@ class SaasSettingsStore(SettingsStore):
         fernet_key = b64encode(hashlib.sha256(jwt_secret.encode()).digest())
         return Fernet(fernet_key)
 
-    def _is_openhands_provider(self, item: Settings) -> bool:
-        """Check if the settings use the OpenHands provider."""
-        return bool(item.llm_model and item.llm_model.startswith('openhands/'))
-
-    async def _ensure_openhands_api_key(self, item: Settings, org_id: str) -> None:
+    async def _ensure_api_key(
+        self, item: Settings, org_id: str, openhands_type: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
         """Generate and set the OpenHands API key for the given settings.
 
-        First checks if an existing key with the OpenHands alias exists,
-        and reuses it if found. Otherwise, generates a new key.
+        First checks if an existing key exists for the user and verifies it
+        is valid in LiteLLM. If valid, reuses it. Otherwise, generates a new key.
         """
-        # Generate new key if none exists
-        generated_key = await LiteLlmManager.generate_key(
+
+        # First, check if our current key is valid
+        if item.llm_api_key and not await LiteLlmManager.verify_existing_key(
+            item.llm_api_key.get_secret_value(),
             self.user_id,
             org_id,
-            None,
-            {'type': 'openhands'},
-        )
+            openhands_type=openhands_type,
+        ):
+            generated_key = None
+            if openhands_type:
+                generated_key = await LiteLlmManager.generate_key(
+                    self.user_id,
+                    org_id,
+                    None,
+                    {'type': 'openhands'},
+                )
+            else:
+                # Must delete any existing key with the same alias first
+                key_alias = get_openhands_cloud_key_alias(self.user_id, org_id)
+                await LiteLlmManager.delete_key_by_alias(key_alias=key_alias)
+                generated_key = await LiteLlmManager.generate_key(
+                    self.user_id,
+                    org_id,
+                    key_alias,
+                    None,
+                )
 
-        if generated_key:
-            item.llm_api_key = SecretStr(generated_key)
-            logger.info(
-                'saas_settings_store:store:generated_openhands_key',
-                extra={'user_id': self.user_id},
-            )
-        else:
-            logger.warning(
-                'saas_settings_store:store:failed_to_generate_openhands_key',
-                extra={'user_id': self.user_id},
-            )
+            if generated_key:
+                item.llm_api_key = SecretStr(generated_key)
+                logger.info(
+                    'saas_settings_store:store:generated_openhands_key',
+                    extra={'user_id': self.user_id},
+                )
+            else:
+                logger.warning(
+                    'saas_settings_store:store:failed_to_generate_openhands_key',
+                    extra={'user_id': self.user_id},
+                )

enterprise/storage/user_app_settings_store.py

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+"""Store class for managing user app settings."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import uuid
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from server.routes.user_app_settings_models import UserAppSettingsUpdate
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+from storage.user import User
+
+
+@dataclass
+class UserAppSettingsStore:
+    """Store for user app settings with injected db_session."""
+
+    db_session: AsyncSession
+
+    async def get_user_by_id(self, user_id: str) -> User | None:
+        """Get user by ID.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id: The user's ID (Keycloak user ID)
+
+        Returns:
+            User: The user object, or None if not found
+        """
+        result = await self.db_session.execute(
+            select(User).filter(User.id == uuid.UUID(user_id))
+        )
+        return result.scalars().first()
+
+    async def update_user_app_settings(
+        self, user_id: str, update_data: UserAppSettingsUpdate
+    ) -> User | None:
+        """Update user app settings.
+
+        Only updates fields that are explicitly provided in update_data.
+        Uses flush() - commit happens at request end via DbSessionInjector.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id: The user's ID (Keycloak user ID)
+            update_data: Pydantic model with fields to update
+
+        Returns:
+            User: The updated user object, or None if user not found
+        """
+        result = await self.db_session.execute(
+            select(User).filter(User.id == uuid.UUID(user_id)).with_for_update()
+        )
+        user = result.scalars().first()
+
+        if not user:
+            return None
+
+        # Update only explicitly provided fields
+        for field, value in update_data.model_dump(exclude_unset=True).items():
+            setattr(user, field, value)
+
+        # flush instead of commit - DbSessionInjector auto-commits at request end
+        await self.db_session.flush()
+        await self.db_session.refresh(user)
+        return user

enterprise/storage/user_store.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Store class for managing users.
 import asyncio
 import uuid
 from typing import Optional
+from uuid import UUID
 
 from server.auth.token_manager import TokenManager
 from server.constants import (
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ from sqlalchemy.orm import joinedload
 from storage.database import a_session_maker, session_maker
 from storage.encrypt_utils import (
     decrypt_legacy_model,
+    decrypt_legacy_value,
     encrypt_legacy_value,
 )
 from storage.org import Org
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ from storage.org_member import OrgMember
 from storage.role_store import RoleStore
 from storage.user import User
 from storage.user_settings import UserSettings
+from utils.identity import resolve_display_name
 
 from openhands.utils.async_utils import GENERAL_TIMEOUT, call_async_from_sync
 
@@ -52,7 +55,8 @@ class UserStore:
             org = Org(
                 id=uuid.UUID(user_id),
                 name=f'user_{user_id}_org',
-                contact_name=user_info['preferred_username'],
+                contact_name=resolve_display_name(user_info)
+                or user_info.get('preferred_username', ''),
                 contact_email=user_info['email'],
                 v1_enabled=True,
             )
@@ -79,6 +83,8 @@ class UserStore:
                 role_id=role_id,
                 **user_kwargs,
             )
+            user.email = user_info.get('email')
+            user.email_verified = user_info.get('email_verified')
             session.add(user)
 
             role = RoleStore.get_role_by_name('owner')
@@ -130,6 +136,25 @@ class UserStore:
         )
         return bool(lock_acquired)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    async def _release_user_creation_lock(user_id: str) -> bool:
+        """Release the distributed lock for user creation.
+
+        Returns True if the lock was released or if Redis is unavailable.
+        Returns False if the lock could not be released.
+        """
+        redis_client = UserStore._get_redis_client()
+        if redis_client is None:
+            logger.warning(
+                'user_store:_release_user_creation_lock:no_redis_client',
+                extra={'user_id': user_id},
+            )
+            return True  # Nothing to release if Redis is unavailable
+
+        user_key = f'{_REDIS_USER_CREATION_KEY_PREFIX}{user_id}'
+        deleted = await redis_client.delete(user_key)
+        return bool(deleted)
+
     @staticmethod
     async def migrate_user(
         user_id: str,
@@ -150,13 +175,28 @@ class UserStore:
         )
         decrypted_user_settings = UserSettings(**kwargs)
         with session_maker() as session:
+            # Check if user has completed billing sessions to enable BYOR export
+            from storage.billing_session import BillingSession
+
+            has_completed_billing = (
+                session.query(BillingSession)
+                .filter(
+                    BillingSession.user_id == user_id,
+                    BillingSession.status == 'completed',
+                )
+                .first()
+                is not None
+            )
+
             # create personal org
             org = Org(
                 id=uuid.UUID(user_id),
                 name=f'user_{user_id}_org',
                 org_version=user_settings.user_version,
-                contact_name=user_info['username'],
+                contact_name=resolve_display_name(user_info)
+                or user_info.get('username', ''),
                 contact_email=user_info['email'],
+                byor_export_enabled=has_completed_billing,
             )
             session.add(org)
 
@@ -334,7 +374,9 @@ class UserStore:
 
     @staticmethod
     async def downgrade_user(user_id: str) -> UserSettings | None:
-        """Downgrade a migrated user back to the pre-migration state.
+        """
+        This method can be removed once orgs is established - probably after Feb 15 2026
+        Downgrade a migrated user back to the pre-migration state.
 
         This reverses the migrate_user operation:
         1. Get the user's settings from user_settings table (migrated users) or
@@ -388,6 +430,24 @@ class UserStore:
                 )
                 return None
 
+            # Get org_members for this org - should only be one for personal orgs
+            org_members = (
+                session.query(OrgMember).filter(OrgMember.org_id == org.id).all()
+            )
+
+            if len(org_members) != 1:
+                logger.error(
+                    'user_store:downgrade_user:unexpected_org_members_count',
+                    extra={
+                        'user_id': user_id,
+                        'org_id': str(org.id),
+                        'org_members_count': len(org_members),
+                    },
+                )
+                return None
+
+            org_member = org_members[0]
+
             # Get the user_settings (for migrated users)
             user_settings = (
                 session.query(UserSettings)
@@ -400,42 +460,34 @@ class UserStore:
 
             # For new sign-ups after migration, user_settings won't exist
             # Fall back to getting data from org_members
-            is_new_signup = False
-            if not user_settings:
+            if user_settings:
+                if org_member.llm_api_key and org_member.llm_api_key.get_secret_value():
+                    user_settings.llm_api_key = encrypt_legacy_value(
+                        org_member.llm_api_key.get_secret_value()
+                    )
+                if (
+                    org_member.llm_api_key_for_byor
+                    and org_member.llm_api_key_for_byor.get_secret_value()
+                ):
+                    user_settings.llm_api_key_for_byor = encrypt_legacy_value(
+                        org_member.llm_api_key_for_byor.get_secret_value()
+                    )
                 logger.info(
-                    'user_store:downgrade_user:user_settings_not_found_checking_org_members',
+                    'user_store:downgrade_user:updated_user_settings_from_org_member',
                     extra={'user_id': user_id},
                 )
-                # Get org_members for this org - should only be one for personal orgs
-                org_members = (
-                    session.query(OrgMember).filter(OrgMember.org_id == org.id).all()
-                )
-
-                if len(org_members) != 1:
-                    logger.error(
-                        'user_store:downgrade_user:unexpected_org_members_count',
-                        extra={
-                            'user_id': user_id,
-                            'org_id': str(org.id),
-                            'org_members_count': len(org_members),
-                        },
-                    )
-                    return None
-
-                org_member = org_members[0]
-                is_new_signup = True
-
+            else:
                 # Create a new user_settings entry from OrgMember, User, and Org data
                 # This is needed for new sign-ups who don't have user_settings
                 user_settings = UserStore._create_user_settings_from_entities(
                     user_id, org_member, user, org
                 )
                 session.add(user_settings)
-                session.flush()
                 logger.info(
                     'user_store:downgrade_user:created_user_settings_from_org_member',
                     extra={'user_id': user_id},
                 )
+            session.flush()
 
             # Call LiteLLM downgrade
             from storage.lite_llm_manager import LiteLlmManager
@@ -445,27 +497,25 @@ class UserStore:
                 extra={'user_id': user_id},
             )
 
-            # Get the API keys for LiteLLM downgrade
-            if is_new_signup:
-                # For new signups, we already have decrypted values in user_settings
-                decrypted_user_settings = user_settings
-            else:
-                # For migrated users, decrypt the legacy model
-                kwargs = decrypt_legacy_model(
-                    [
-                        'llm_api_key',
-                        'llm_api_key_for_byor',
-                        'search_api_key',
-                        'sandbox_api_key',
-                    ],
-                    user_settings,
-                )
-                decrypted_user_settings = UserSettings(**kwargs)
+            encrypted_fields = [
+                'llm_api_key',
+                'llm_api_key_for_byor',
+                'search_api_key',
+                'sandbox_api_key',
+            ]
+            for field in encrypted_fields:
+                value = getattr(user_settings, field, None)
+                if value:
+                    try:
+                        value = decrypt_legacy_value(value)
+                        setattr(user_settings, field, value)
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
 
             await LiteLlmManager.downgrade_entries(
                 str(org.id),
                 user_id,
-                decrypted_user_settings,
+                user_settings,
             )
             logger.debug(
                 'user_store:downgrade_user:done_litellm_downgrade_entries',
@@ -569,7 +619,7 @@ class UserStore:
             ]
             for key in encrypt_keys:
                 value = getattr(user_settings, key, None)
-                if value is not None:
+                if value is not None and not _is_legacy_value_encrypted(value):
                     setattr(user_settings, key, encrypt_legacy_value(value))
 
             session.merge(user_settings)
@@ -613,41 +663,46 @@ class UserStore:
                     asyncio.sleep, GENERAL_TIMEOUT, _RETRY_LOAD_DELAY_SECONDS
                 )
 
-            # Check for user again as migration could have happened while trying to get the lock.
-            user = (
-                session.query(User)
-                .options(joinedload(User.org_members))
-                .filter(User.id == uuid.UUID(user_id))
-                .first()
-            )
-            if user:
-                return user
+            try:
+                # Check for user again as migration could have happened while trying to get the lock.
+                user = (
+                    session.query(User)
+                    .options(joinedload(User.org_members))
+                    .filter(User.id == uuid.UUID(user_id))
+                    .first()
+                )
+                if user:
+                    return user
 
-            user_settings = (
-                session.query(UserSettings)
-                .filter(
-                    UserSettings.keycloak_user_id == user_id,
-                    UserSettings.already_migrated.is_(False),
+                user_settings = (
+                    session.query(UserSettings)
+                    .filter(
+                        UserSettings.keycloak_user_id == user_id,
+                        UserSettings.already_migrated.is_(False),
+                    )
+                    .first()
                 )
-                .first()
-            )
-            if user_settings:
-                token_manager = TokenManager()
-                user_info = call_async_from_sync(
-                    token_manager.get_user_info_from_user_id,
-                    GENERAL_TIMEOUT,
-                    user_id,
+                if user_settings:
+                    token_manager = TokenManager()
+                    user_info = call_async_from_sync(
+                        token_manager.get_user_info_from_user_id,
+                        GENERAL_TIMEOUT,
+                        user_id,
+                    )
+                    user = call_async_from_sync(
+                        UserStore.migrate_user,
+                        GENERAL_TIMEOUT,
+                        user_id,
+                        user_settings,
+                        user_info,
+                    )
+                    return user
+                else:
+                    return None
+            finally:
+                call_async_from_sync(
+                    UserStore._release_user_creation_lock, GENERAL_TIMEOUT, user_id
                 )
-                user = call_async_from_sync(
-                    UserStore.migrate_user,
-                    GENERAL_TIMEOUT,
-                    user_id,
-                    user_settings,
-                    user_info,
-                )
-                return user
-            else:
-                return None
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_user_by_id_async(user_id: str) -> Optional[User]:
@@ -675,42 +730,69 @@ class UserStore:
                 )
                 await asyncio.sleep(_RETRY_LOAD_DELAY_SECONDS)
 
-            # Check for user again as migration could have happened while trying to get the lock.
+            try:
+                # Check for user again as migration could have happened while trying to get the lock.
+                result = await session.execute(
+                    select(User)
+                    .options(joinedload(User.org_members))
+                    .filter(User.id == uuid.UUID(user_id))
+                )
+                user = result.scalars().first()
+                if user:
+                    return user
+
+                logger.info(
+                    'user_store:get_user_by_id_async:start_migration',
+                    extra={'user_id': user_id},
+                )
+                result = await session.execute(
+                    select(UserSettings).filter(
+                        UserSettings.keycloak_user_id == user_id,
+                        UserSettings.already_migrated.is_(False),
+                    )
+                )
+                user_settings = result.scalars().first()
+                if user_settings:
+                    token_manager = TokenManager()
+                    user_info = await token_manager.get_user_info_from_user_id(user_id)
+                    logger.info(
+                        'user_store:get_user_by_id_async:calling_migrate_user',
+                        extra={'user_id': user_id},
+                    )
+                    user = await UserStore.migrate_user(
+                        user_id,
+                        user_settings,
+                        user_info,
+                    )
+                    return user
+                else:
+                    return None
+            finally:
+                await UserStore._release_user_creation_lock(user_id)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get_user_by_email_async(email: str) -> Optional[User]:
+        """Get user by email address (async version).
+
+        This method looks up a user by their email address. Note that email
+        addresses may not be unique across all users in rare cases.
+
+        Args:
+            email: The email address to search for
+
+        Returns:
+            User: The user with the matching email, or None if not found
+        """
+        if not email:
+            return None
+
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
             result = await session.execute(
                 select(User)
                 .options(joinedload(User.org_members))
-                .filter(User.id == uuid.UUID(user_id))
+                .filter(User.email == email.lower().strip())
             )
-            user = result.scalars().first()
-            if user:
-                return user
-
-            logger.info(
-                'user_store:get_user_by_id_async:start_migration',
-                extra={'user_id': user_id},
-            )
-            result = await session.execute(
-                select(UserSettings).filter(
-                    UserSettings.keycloak_user_id == user_id,
-                    UserSettings.already_migrated.is_(False),
-                )
-            )
-            user_settings = result.scalars().first()
-            if user_settings:
-                token_manager = TokenManager()
-                user_info = await token_manager.get_user_info_from_user_id(user_id)
-                logger.info(
-                    'user_store:get_user_by_id_async:calling_migrate_user',
-                    extra={'user_id': user_id},
-                )
-                user = await UserStore.migrate_user(
-                    user_id,
-                    user_settings,
-                    user_info,
-                )
-                return user
-            else:
-                return None
+            return result.scalars().first()
 
     @staticmethod
     def list_users() -> list[User]:
@@ -718,6 +800,157 @@ class UserStore:
         with session_maker() as session:
             return session.query(User).all()
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def update_current_org(user_id: str, org_id: UUID) -> Optional[User]:
+        """Update the user's current organization.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id: The user's ID (Keycloak user ID)
+            org_id: The organization ID to set as current
+
+        Returns:
+            User: The updated user object, or None if user not found
+        """
+        with session_maker() as session:
+            user = (
+                session.query(User)
+                .filter(User.id == uuid.UUID(user_id))
+                .with_for_update()
+                .first()
+            )
+            if not user:
+                return None
+
+            user.current_org_id = org_id
+            session.commit()
+            session.refresh(user)
+            return user
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def backfill_contact_name(user_id: str, user_info: dict) -> None:
+        """Update contact_name on the personal org if it still has a username-style value.
+
+        Called during login to gradually fix existing users whose contact_name
+        was stored as their username (before the resolve_display_name fix).
+        Preserves custom values that were set via the PATCH endpoint.
+        """
+        real_name = resolve_display_name(user_info)
+        if not real_name:
+            logger.debug(
+                'backfill_contact_name:no_real_name',
+                extra={'user_id': user_id},
+            )
+            return
+
+        preferred_username = user_info.get('preferred_username', '')
+        username = user_info.get('username', '')
+
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(Org).filter(Org.id == uuid.UUID(user_id))
+            )
+            org = result.scalars().first()
+            if not org:
+                logger.debug(
+                    'backfill_contact_name:org_not_found',
+                    extra={'user_id': user_id},
+                )
+                return
+
+            if org.contact_name in (preferred_username, username):
+                logger.info(
+                    'backfill_contact_name:updated',
+                    extra={
+                        'user_id': user_id,
+                        'old': org.contact_name,
+                        'new': real_name,
+                    },
+                )
+                org.contact_name = real_name
+                await session.commit()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def update_user_email(
+        user_id: str,
+        email: str | None = None,
+        email_verified: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Unconditionally update User.email and/or email_verified.
+
+        Unlike backfill_user_email(), this overwrites existing values.
+        No-op when both arguments are None.
+        Missing user is logged as a warning and ignored.
+        """
+        if email is None and email_verified is None:
+            return
+
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(User).filter(User.id == uuid.UUID(user_id))
+            )
+            user = result.scalars().first()
+            if not user:
+                logger.warning(
+                    'update_user_email:user_not_found',
+                    extra={'user_id': user_id},
+                )
+                return
+
+            if email is not None:
+                user.email = email
+            if email_verified is not None:
+                user.email_verified = email_verified
+
+            logger.info(
+                'update_user_email:updated',
+                extra={
+                    'user_id': user_id,
+                    'email_set': email is not None,
+                    'email_verified_set': email_verified is not None,
+                },
+            )
+            await session.commit()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def backfill_user_email(user_id: str, user_info: dict) -> None:
+        """Set User.email and email_verified from IDP if they are still NULL.
+
+        Called during login to gradually fix existing users whose email
+        was never persisted on the User record. Preserves non-NULL values
+        (e.g. if a user manually changed their email).
+        """
+        async with a_session_maker() as session:
+            result = await session.execute(
+                select(User).filter(User.id == uuid.UUID(user_id))
+            )
+            user = result.scalars().first()
+            if not user:
+                logger.debug(
+                    'backfill_user_email:user_not_found',
+                    extra={'user_id': user_id},
+                )
+                return
+
+            updated = False
+            if user.email is None:
+                user.email = user_info.get('email')
+                updated = True
+
+            if user.email_verified is None:
+                user.email_verified = user_info.get('email_verified', False)
+                updated = True
+
+            if updated:
+                logger.info(
+                    'backfill_user_email:updated',
+                    extra={
+                        'user_id': user_id,
+                        'email_set': user.email is not None,
+                        'email_verified_set': user.email_verified is not None,
+                    },
+                )
+                await session.commit()
+
     # Prevent circular imports
     from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
@@ -907,3 +1140,12 @@ class UserStore:
                 return False  # Matches old default
 
         return True  # Custom model
+
+
+def _is_legacy_value_encrypted(value: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if a legacy value is encrypted by trying to decrypt it"""
+    try:
+        decrypt_legacy_value(value)
+        return True
+    except Exception:
+        return False

enterprise/storage/verified_model.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""SQLAlchemy model for verified LLM models."""
+
+from sqlalchemy import (
+    Boolean,
+    Column,
+    DateTime,
+    Identity,
+    Integer,
+    String,
+    UniqueConstraint,
+    func,
+    text,
+)
+from storage.base import Base
+
+
+class VerifiedModel(Base):  # type: ignore
+    """A verified LLM model available in the model selector.
+
+    The composite unique constraint on (model_name, provider) allows the same
+    model name to exist under different providers (e.g. 'claude-sonnet' under
+    both 'openhands' and 'anthropic').
+    """
+
+    __tablename__ = 'verified_models'
+    __table_args__ = (
+        UniqueConstraint('model_name', 'provider', name='uq_verified_model_provider'),
+    )
+
+    id = Column(Integer, Identity(), primary_key=True)
+    model_name = Column(String(255), nullable=False)
+    provider = Column(String(100), nullable=False, index=True)
+    is_enabled = Column(
+        Boolean, nullable=False, default=True, server_default=text('true')
+    )
+    created_at = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.now())
+    updated_at = Column(
+        DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now()
+    )

enterprise/storage/verified_model_store.py

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+"""Store for managing verified LLM models in the database."""
+
+from sqlalchemy import and_
+from storage.database import session_maker
+from storage.verified_model import VerifiedModel
+
+from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger as logger
+
+
+class VerifiedModelStore:
+    """Store for CRUD operations on verified models.
+
+    Follows the project convention of static methods with session_maker()
+    (see UserStore, OrgMemberStore for reference).
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_enabled_models() -> list[VerifiedModel]:
+        """Get all enabled models.
+
+        Returns:
+            list[VerifiedModel]: All models where is_enabled is True
+        """
+        with session_maker() as session:
+            return (
+                session.query(VerifiedModel)
+                .filter(VerifiedModel.is_enabled.is_(True))
+                .order_by(VerifiedModel.provider, VerifiedModel.model_name)
+                .all()
+            )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_models_by_provider(provider: str) -> list[VerifiedModel]:
+        """Get all enabled models for a specific provider.
+
+        Args:
+            provider: The provider name (e.g., 'openhands', 'anthropic')
+        """
+        with session_maker() as session:
+            return (
+                session.query(VerifiedModel)
+                .filter(
+                    and_(
+                        VerifiedModel.provider == provider,
+                        VerifiedModel.is_enabled.is_(True),
+                    )
+                )
+                .order_by(VerifiedModel.model_name)
+                .all()
+            )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_all_models() -> list[VerifiedModel]:
+        """Get all models (including disabled)."""
+        with session_maker() as session:
+            return (
+                session.query(VerifiedModel)
+                .order_by(VerifiedModel.provider, VerifiedModel.model_name)
+                .all()
+            )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_model(model_name: str, provider: str) -> VerifiedModel | None:
+        """Get a model by its composite key (model_name, provider).
+
+        Args:
+            model_name: The model identifier
+            provider: The provider name
+        """
+        with session_maker() as session:
+            return (
+                session.query(VerifiedModel)
+                .filter(
+                    and_(
+                        VerifiedModel.model_name == model_name,
+                        VerifiedModel.provider == provider,
+                    )
+                )
+                .first()
+            )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def create_model(
+        model_name: str, provider: str, is_enabled: bool = True
+    ) -> VerifiedModel:
+        """Create a new verified model.
+
+        Args:
+            model_name: The model identifier
+            provider: The provider name
+            is_enabled: Whether the model is enabled (default True)
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If a model with the same (model_name, provider) already exists
+        """
+        with session_maker() as session:
+            existing = (
+                session.query(VerifiedModel)
+                .filter(
+                    and_(
+                        VerifiedModel.model_name == model_name,
+                        VerifiedModel.provider == provider,
+                    )
+                )
+                .first()
+            )
+            if existing:
+                raise ValueError(f'Model {provider}/{model_name} already exists')
+
+            model = VerifiedModel(
+                model_name=model_name,
+                provider=provider,
+                is_enabled=is_enabled,
+            )
+            session.add(model)
+            session.commit()
+            session.refresh(model)
+            logger.info(f'Created verified model: {provider}/{model_name}')
+            return model
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def update_model(
+        model_name: str,
+        provider: str,
+        is_enabled: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> VerifiedModel | None:
+        """Update an existing verified model.
+
+        Args:
+            model_name: The model name to update
+            provider: The provider name
+            is_enabled: New enabled state (optional)
+
+        Returns:
+            The updated model if found, None otherwise
+        """
+        with session_maker() as session:
+            model = (
+                session.query(VerifiedModel)
+                .filter(
+                    and_(
+                        VerifiedModel.model_name == model_name,
+                        VerifiedModel.provider == provider,
+                    )
+                )
+                .first()
+            )
+            if not model:
+                return None
+
+            if is_enabled is not None:
+                model.is_enabled = is_enabled
+
+            session.commit()
+            session.refresh(model)
+            logger.info(f'Updated verified model: {provider}/{model_name}')
+            return model
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def delete_model(model_name: str, provider: str) -> bool:
+        """Delete a verified model.
+
+        Args:
+            model_name: The model name to delete
+            provider: The provider name
+
+        Returns:
+            True if deleted, False if not found
+        """
+        with session_maker() as session:
+            model = (
+                session.query(VerifiedModel)
+                .filter(
+                    and_(
+                        VerifiedModel.model_name == model_name,
+                        VerifiedModel.provider == provider,
+                    )
+                )
+                .first()
+            )
+            if not model:
+                return False
+
+            session.delete(model)
+            session.commit()
+            logger.info(f'Deleted verified model: {provider}/{model_name}')
+            return True

enterprise/sync/clean_proactive_convo_table.py

@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
-import asyncio
+import asyncio  # noqa: I001
 
-from storage.proactive_conversation_store import ProactiveConversationStore
+# This must be before the import of storage
+# to set up logging and prevent alembic from
+# running its mouth.
+from openhands.core.logger import openhands_logger
+
+from storage.proactive_conversation_store import (
+    ProactiveConversationStore,
+)
 
 OLDER_THAN = 30  # 30 minutes
 
 
 async def main():
+    openhands_logger.info('clean_proactive_convo_table')
     convo_store = ProactiveConversationStore()
     await convo_store.clean_old_convos(older_than_minutes=OLDER_THAN)
 

enterprise/sync/resend_keycloak.py

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ Optional environment variables:
 """
 
 import os
+import re
 import sys
 import time
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ import resend
 from keycloak.exceptions import KeycloakError
 from resend.exceptions import ResendError
 from server.auth.token_manager import get_keycloak_admin
+from storage.resend_synced_user_store import ResendSyncedUserStore
 from tenacity import (
     retry,
     retry_if_exception_type,
@@ -68,9 +70,6 @@ RATE_LIMIT = float(os.environ.get('RATE_LIMIT', '2'))  # Requests per second
 # Set up Resend API
 resend.api_key = RESEND_API_KEY
 
-print('resend module', resend)
-print('has contacts', hasattr(resend, 'Contacts'))
-
 
 class ResendSyncError(Exception):
     """Base exception for Resend sync errors."""
@@ -90,6 +89,31 @@ class ResendAPIError(ResendSyncError):
     pass
 
 
+# Email validation regex pattern - matches standard email format
+# This pattern is intentionally strict to avoid Resend API validation errors
+# It rejects special characters like ! that some email providers technically allow
+# but Resend's API does not accept
+EMAIL_REGEX = re.compile(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$')
+
+
+def is_valid_email(email: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+    """Validate an email address format.
+
+    This uses a regex pattern that matches most valid email addresses
+    while rejecting addresses with special characters that Resend's API
+    does not accept (e.g., exclamation marks).
+
+    Args:
+        email: The email address to validate, or None.
+
+    Returns:
+        True if the email is valid, False otherwise (including for None).
+    """
+    if not email:
+        return False
+    return bool(EMAIL_REGEX.match(email))
+
+
 def get_keycloak_users(offset: int = 0, limit: int = 100) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
     """Get users from Keycloak using the admin client.
 
@@ -173,8 +197,6 @@ def get_resend_contacts(audience_id: str) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]:
     Raises:
         ResendAPIError: If the API call fails.
     """
-    print('getting resend contacts')
-    print('has resend contacts', hasattr(resend, 'Contacts'))
     try:
         contacts = resend.Contacts.list(audience_id).get('data', [])
         # Create a dictionary mapping email addresses to contact data for
@@ -229,6 +251,15 @@ def add_contact_to_resend(
         raise
 
 
+@retry(
+    stop=stop_after_attempt(MAX_RETRIES),
+    wait=wait_exponential(
+        multiplier=INITIAL_BACKOFF_SECONDS,
+        max=MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS,
+        exp_base=BACKOFF_FACTOR,
+    ),
+    retry=retry_if_exception_type(ResendError),
+)
 def send_welcome_email(
     email: str,
     first_name: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -245,7 +276,7 @@ def send_welcome_email(
         The API response.
 
     Raises:
-        ResendError: If the API call fails.
+        ResendError: If the API call fails after retries.
     """
     try:
         # Prepare the recipient name
@@ -291,8 +322,84 @@ def send_welcome_email(
         raise
 
 
+def _get_resend_synced_user_store() -> ResendSyncedUserStore:
+    """Get the ResendSyncedUserStore instance.
+
+    This is separated into a function to allow for easier testing/mocking.
+    """
+    from openhands.app_server.config import get_global_config
+
+    config = get_global_config()
+    db_session_injector = config.db_session
+    return ResendSyncedUserStore(session_maker=db_session_injector.get_session_maker())
+
+
+def _backfill_existing_resend_contacts(
+    synced_user_store: ResendSyncedUserStore,
+    audience_id: str,
+) -> int:
+    """Backfill the synced_users table with contacts already in Resend.
+
+    This ensures that users who were added to Resend before the tracking
+    table existed are properly recorded, preventing duplicate welcome emails.
+
+    Args:
+        synced_user_store: The store for tracking synced users.
+        audience_id: The Resend audience ID.
+
+    Returns:
+        The number of contacts backfilled.
+    """
+    logger.info('Starting backfill of existing Resend contacts...')
+
+    try:
+        resend_contacts = get_resend_contacts(audience_id)
+        logger.info(f'Found {len(resend_contacts)} contacts in Resend audience')
+
+        already_synced_emails = synced_user_store.get_synced_emails_for_audience(
+            audience_id
+        )
+        logger.info(
+            f'Found {len(already_synced_emails)} already synced emails in database'
+        )
+
+        backfilled_count = 0
+        for email in resend_contacts:
+            if email.lower() not in already_synced_emails:
+                synced_user_store.mark_user_synced(
+                    email=email,
+                    audience_id=audience_id,
+                    keycloak_user_id=None,  # We don't have this info during backfill
+                )
+                backfilled_count += 1
+                logger.debug(f'Backfilled existing Resend contact: {email}')
+
+        logger.info(
+            f'Backfill completed: {backfilled_count} contacts added to tracking'
+        )
+        return backfilled_count
+
+    except Exception:
+        logger.exception('Error during backfill of existing Resend contacts')
+        # Don't fail the entire sync if backfill fails - just log and continue
+        return 0
+
+
 def sync_users_to_resend():
-    """Sync users from Keycloak to Resend."""
+    """Sync users from Keycloak to Resend.
+
+    This function syncs users from Keycloak to a Resend audience. It tracks
+    which users have been synced in the database to ensure that:
+    1. Users are only added once (even across multiple sync runs)
+    2. Users who are manually deleted from Resend are not re-added
+
+    The tracking is done via the resend_synced_users table, which records
+    each email/audience_id combination that has been synced.
+
+    On first run (or when new contacts exist in Resend), it will backfill
+    the tracking table with existing Resend contacts to avoid sending
+    duplicate welcome emails.
+    """
     # Check required environment variables
     required_vars = {
         'RESEND_API_KEY': RESEND_API_KEY,
@@ -318,27 +425,36 @@ def sync_users_to_resend():
     )
 
     try:
+        # Get the store for tracking synced users
+        synced_user_store = _get_resend_synced_user_store()
+
+        # Backfill existing Resend contacts into our tracking table
+        # This ensures users already in Resend don't get duplicate welcome emails
+        backfilled_count = _backfill_existing_resend_contacts(
+            synced_user_store, RESEND_AUDIENCE_ID
+        )
+
         # Get the total number of users
         total_users = get_total_keycloak_users()
         logger.info(
             f'Found {total_users} users in Keycloak realm {KEYCLOAK_REALM_NAME}'
         )
 
-        # Get contacts from Resend
-        resend_contacts = get_resend_contacts(RESEND_AUDIENCE_ID)
-        logger.info(
-            f'Found {len(resend_contacts)} contacts in Resend audience '
-            f'{RESEND_AUDIENCE_ID}'
-        )
-
         # Stats
         stats = {
             'total_users': total_users,
-            'existing_contacts': len(resend_contacts),
+            'backfilled_contacts': backfilled_count,
+            'already_synced': 0,
             'added_contacts': 0,
+            'skipped_invalid_emails': 0,
             'errors': 0,
         }
 
+        synced_emails = synced_user_store.get_synced_emails_for_audience(
+            RESEND_AUDIENCE_ID
+        )
+        logger.info(f'Found {len(synced_emails)} already synced emails in database')
+
         # Process users in batches
         offset = 0
         while offset < total_users:
@@ -351,39 +467,65 @@ def sync_users_to_resend():
                     continue
 
                 email = email.lower()
-                if email in resend_contacts:
-                    logger.debug(f'User {email} already exists in Resend, skipping')
+
+                if email in synced_emails:
+                    logger.debug(
+                        f'User {email} was already synced to this audience, skipping'
+                    )
+                    stats['already_synced'] += 1
+                    continue
+
+                # Validate email format before attempting to add to Resend
+                if not is_valid_email(email):
+                    logger.warning(f'Skipping user with invalid email format: {email}')
+                    stats['skipped_invalid_emails'] += 1
+                    continue
+
+                first_name = user.get('first_name')
+                last_name = user.get('last_name')
+                keycloak_user_id = user.get('id')
+
+                # Mark as synced first (optimistic) to ensure consistency.
+                # If Resend API fails, we remove the record.
+                try:
+                    synced_user_store.mark_user_synced(
+                        email=email,
+                        audience_id=RESEND_AUDIENCE_ID,
+                        keycloak_user_id=keycloak_user_id,
+                    )
+                except Exception:
+                    logger.exception(f'Failed to mark user {email} as synced')
+                    stats['errors'] += 1
                     continue
 
                 try:
-                    first_name = user.get('first_name')
-                    last_name = user.get('last_name')
-
-                    # Add the contact to the Resend audience
                     add_contact_to_resend(
                         RESEND_AUDIENCE_ID, email, first_name, last_name
                     )
                     logger.info(f'Added user {email} to Resend')
-                    stats['added_contacts'] += 1
-
-                    # Sleep to respect rate limit after first API call
-                    time.sleep(1 / RATE_LIMIT)
-
-                    # Send a welcome email to the newly added contact
-                    try:
-                        send_welcome_email(email, first_name, last_name)
-                        logger.info(f'Sent welcome email to {email}')
-                    except Exception:
-                        logger.exception(
-                            f'Failed to send welcome email to {email}, but contact was added to audience'
-                        )
-                        # Continue with the sync process even if sending the welcome email fails
-
-                    # Sleep to respect rate limit after second API call
-                    time.sleep(1 / RATE_LIMIT)
                 except Exception:
                     logger.exception(f'Error adding user {email} to Resend')
+                    synced_user_store.remove_synced_user(email, RESEND_AUDIENCE_ID)
                     stats['errors'] += 1
+                    continue
+
+                synced_emails.add(email)
+                stats['added_contacts'] += 1
+
+                # Sleep to respect rate limit after first API call
+                time.sleep(1 / RATE_LIMIT)
+
+                # Send a welcome email to the newly added contact
+                try:
+                    send_welcome_email(email, first_name, last_name)
+                    logger.info(f'Sent welcome email to {email}')
+                except Exception:
+                    logger.exception(
+                        f'Failed to send welcome email to {email}, but contact was added to audience'
+                    )
+
+                # Sleep to respect rate limit after second API call
+                time.sleep(1 / RATE_LIMIT)
 
             offset += BATCH_SIZE
 

enterprise/tests/unit/conftest.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from storage.device_code import DeviceCode  # noqa: F401
 from storage.feedback import Feedback
 from storage.github_app_installation import GithubAppInstallation
 from storage.org import Org
+from storage.org_invitation import OrgInvitation  # noqa: F401
 from storage.org_member import OrgMember
 from storage.role import Role
 from storage.stored_conversation_metadata import StoredConversationMetadata
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ from storage.stored_conversation_metadata_saas import (
 from storage.stored_offline_token import StoredOfflineToken
 from storage.stripe_customer import StripeCustomer
 from storage.user import User
+from storage.verified_model import VerifiedModel  # noqa: F401
 
 
 @pytest.fixture

enterprise/tests/unit/experiments/test_saas_experiment_manager.py

@@ -126,3 +126,24 @@ def test_run_agent_variant_tests_v1_calls_handler_and_sets_system_prompt(monkeyp
     # Should be a different instance than the original (copied after handler runs)
     assert result is not agent
     assert result.system_prompt_filename == 'system_prompt_long_horizon.j2'
+
+
+@patch('experiments.experiment_manager.ENABLE_EXPERIMENT_MANAGER', True)
+@patch('experiments.experiment_manager.EXPERIMENT_SYSTEM_PROMPT_EXPERIMENT', True)
+def test_run_agent_variant_tests_v1_preserves_planning_agent_system_prompt():
+    """Planning agents should retain their specialized system prompt and not be overwritten by the experiment."""
+    # Arrange
+    planning_agent = make_agent().model_copy(
+        update={'system_prompt_filename': 'system_prompt_planning.j2'}
+    )
+    conv_id = uuid4()
+
+    # Act
+    result: Agent = SaaSExperimentManager.run_agent_variant_tests__v1(
+        user_id='user-planning',
+        conversation_id=conv_id,
+        agent=planning_agent,
+    )
+
+    # Assert
+    assert result.system_prompt_filename == 'system_prompt_planning.j2'

enterprise/tests/unit/integrations/test_resolver_context.py

@@ -141,12 +141,14 @@ def test_custom_to_static_conversion():
 
 def create_provider_tokens(
     tokens_dict: dict[ProviderType, str],
-) -> dict[ProviderType, ProviderToken]:
-    """Helper to create provider tokens dictionary."""
-    return {
-        provider_type: ProviderToken(token=SecretStr(token_value))
-        for provider_type, token_value in tokens_dict.items()
-    }
+) -> MappingProxyType:
+    """Helper to create provider tokens as MappingProxyType."""
+    return MappingProxyType(
+        {
+            provider_type: ProviderToken(token=SecretStr(token_value))
+            for provider_type, token_value in tokens_dict.items()
+        }
+    )
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -264,3 +266,63 @@ async def test_get_latest_token_can_be_used_with_static_secret(
     # Assert - this should NOT raise a ValidationError
     static_secret = StaticSecret(value=token, description='GITHUB authentication token')
     assert static_secret.get_value() == token_value
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Tests for get_authenticated_git_url - ensuring proper authenticated URLs
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_get_authenticated_git_url_raises_when_no_tokens(
+    resolver_context, mock_saas_user_auth
+):
+    """Test that get_authenticated_git_url raises error when no provider tokens available."""
+    # Arrange
+    mock_saas_user_auth.get_provider_tokens = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+
+    # Act & Assert
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='No provider tokens available'):
+        await resolver_context.get_authenticated_git_url('owner/repo')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_get_provider_handler_caches_instance(
+    resolver_context, mock_saas_user_auth
+):
+    """Test that _get_provider_handler caches the handler instance."""
+    # Arrange
+    token_value = 'ghp_test_token'
+    provider_tokens = create_provider_tokens({ProviderType.GITHUB: token_value})
+    mock_saas_user_auth.get_provider_tokens = AsyncMock(return_value=provider_tokens)
+    mock_saas_user_auth.get_user_id = AsyncMock(return_value='test-user-id')
+
+    # Act - call _get_provider_handler twice
+    handler1 = await resolver_context._get_provider_handler()
+    handler2 = await resolver_context._get_provider_handler()
+
+    # Assert - should be the same instance (cached)
+    assert handler1 is handler2
+    # get_provider_tokens should only be called once
+    assert mock_saas_user_auth.get_provider_tokens.call_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_get_provider_handler_creates_handler_with_correct_params(
+    resolver_context, mock_saas_user_auth
+):
+    """Test that _get_provider_handler creates ProviderHandler with correct parameters."""
+    # Arrange
+    token_value = 'ghp_test_token'
+    provider_tokens = create_provider_tokens({ProviderType.GITHUB: token_value})
+    mock_saas_user_auth.get_provider_tokens = AsyncMock(return_value=provider_tokens)
+    mock_saas_user_auth.get_user_id = AsyncMock(return_value='test-user-id')
+
+    # Act
+    handler = await resolver_context._get_provider_handler()
+
+    # Assert
+    from openhands.integrations.provider import ProviderHandler
+
+    assert isinstance(handler, ProviderHandler)
+    assert handler.provider_tokens == provider_tokens

enterprise/tests/unit/server/routes/test_api_keys.py

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ import httpx
 import pytest
 from fastapi import HTTPException
 from server.routes.api_keys import (
+    ByorPermittedResponse,
+    LlmApiKeyResponse,
+    check_byor_permitted,
     delete_byor_key_from_litellm,
     get_llm_api_key_for_byor,
 )
@@ -182,16 +185,18 @@ class TestGetLlmApiKeyForByor:
     """Test the get_llm_api_key_for_byor endpoint."""
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    @patch('storage.org_service.OrgService.check_byor_export_enabled')
     @patch('server.routes.api_keys.store_byor_key_in_db')
     @patch('server.routes.api_keys.generate_byor_key')
     @patch('server.routes.api_keys.get_byor_key_from_db')
     async def test_no_key_in_database_generates_new(
-        self, mock_get_key, mock_generate_key, mock_store_key
+        self, mock_get_key, mock_generate_key, mock_store_key, mock_check_enabled
     ):
         """Test that when no key exists in database, a new one is generated."""
         # Arrange
         user_id = 'user-123'
         new_key = 'sk-new-generated-key'
+        mock_check_enabled.return_value = True
         mock_get_key.return_value = None
         mock_generate_key.return_value = new_key
         mock_store_key.return_value = None
@@ -200,21 +205,24 @@ class TestGetLlmApiKeyForByor:
         result = await get_llm_api_key_for_byor(user_id=user_id)
 
         # Assert
-        assert result == {'key': new_key}
+        assert result == LlmApiKeyResponse(key=new_key)
+        mock_check_enabled.assert_called_once_with(user_id)
         mock_get_key.assert_called_once_with(user_id)
         mock_generate_key.assert_called_once_with(user_id)
         mock_store_key.assert_called_once_with(user_id, new_key)
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    @patch('storage.org_service.OrgService.check_byor_export_enabled')
     @patch('storage.lite_llm_manager.LiteLlmManager.verify_key')
     @patch('server.routes.api_keys.get_byor_key_from_db')
     async def test_valid_key_in_database_returns_key(
-        self, mock_get_key, mock_verify_key
+        self, mock_get_key, mock_verify_key, mock_check_enabled
     ):
         """Test that when a valid key exists in database, it is returned."""
         # Arrange
         user_id = 'user-123'
         existing_key = 'sk-existing-valid-key'
+        mock_check_enabled.return_value = True
         mock_get_key.return_value = existing_key
         mock_verify_key.return_value = True
 
@@ -222,11 +230,13 @@ class TestGetLlmApiKeyForByor:
         result = await get_llm_api_key_for_byor(user_id=user_id)
 
         # Assert
-        assert result == {'key': existing_key}
+        assert result == LlmApiKeyResponse(key=existing_key)
+        mock_check_enabled.assert_called_once_with(user_id)
         mock_get_key.assert_called_once_with(user_id)
         mock_verify_key.assert_called_once_with(existing_key, user_id)
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    @patch('storage.org_service.OrgService.check_byor_export_enabled')
     @patch('server.routes.api_keys.store_byor_key_in_db')
     @patch('server.routes.api_keys.generate_byor_key')
     @patch('server.routes.api_keys.delete_byor_key_from_litellm')
@@ -239,12 +249,14 @@ class TestGetLlmApiKeyForByor:
         mock_delete_key,
         mock_generate_key,
         mock_store_key,
+        mock_check_enabled,
     ):
         """Test that when an invalid key exists in database, it is regenerated."""
         # Arrange
         user_id = 'user-123'
         invalid_key = 'sk-invalid-key'
         new_key = 'sk-new-generated-key'
+        mock_check_enabled.return_value = True
         mock_get_key.return_value = invalid_key
         mock_verify_key.return_value = False
         mock_delete_key.return_value = True
@@ -255,7 +267,8 @@ class TestGetLlmApiKeyForByor:
         result = await get_llm_api_key_for_byor(user_id=user_id)
 
         # Assert
-        assert result == {'key': new_key}
+        assert result == LlmApiKeyResponse(key=new_key)
+        mock_check_enabled.assert_called_once_with(user_id)
         mock_get_key.assert_called_once_with(user_id)
         mock_verify_key.assert_called_once_with(invalid_key, user_id)
         mock_delete_key.assert_called_once_with(user_id, invalid_key)
@@ -263,6 +276,7 @@ class TestGetLlmApiKeyForByor:
         mock_store_key.assert_called_once_with(user_id, new_key)
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    @patch('storage.org_service.OrgService.check_byor_export_enabled')
     @patch('server.routes.api_keys.store_byor_key_in_db')
     @patch('server.routes.api_keys.generate_byor_key')
     @patch('server.routes.api_keys.delete_byor_key_from_litellm')
@@ -275,12 +289,14 @@ class TestGetLlmApiKeyForByor:
         mock_delete_key,
         mock_generate_key,
         mock_store_key,
+        mock_check_enabled,
     ):
         """Test that even if deletion fails, regeneration still proceeds."""
         # Arrange
         user_id = 'user-123'
         invalid_key = 'sk-invalid-key'
         new_key = 'sk-new-generated-key'
+        mock_check_enabled.return_value = True
         mock_get_key.return_value = invalid_key
         mock_verify_key.return_value = False
         mock_delete_key.return_value = False  # Deletion fails
@@ -291,20 +307,23 @@ class TestGetLlmApiKeyForByor:
         result = await get_llm_api_key_for_byor(user_id=user_id)
 
         # Assert
-        assert result == {'key': new_key}
+        assert result == LlmApiKeyResponse(key=new_key)
+        mock_check_enabled.assert_called_once_with(user_id)
         mock_delete_key.assert_called_once_with(user_id, invalid_key)
         mock_generate_key.assert_called_once_with(user_id)
         mock_store_key.assert_called_once_with(user_id, new_key)
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    @patch('storage.org_service.OrgService.check_byor_export_enabled')
     @patch('server.routes.api_keys.generate_byor_key')
     @patch('server.routes.api_keys.get_byor_key_from_db')
     async def test_key_generation_failure_raises_exception(
-        self, mock_get_key, mock_generate_key
+        self, mock_get_key, mock_generate_key, mock_check_enabled
     ):
         """Test that when key generation fails, an HTTPException is raised."""
         # Arrange
         user_id = 'user-123'
+        mock_check_enabled.return_value = True
         mock_get_key.return_value = None
         mock_generate_key.return_value = None
 
@@ -316,11 +335,15 @@ class TestGetLlmApiKeyForByor:
         assert 'Failed to generate new BYOR LLM API key' in exc_info.value.detail
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    @patch('storage.org_service.OrgService.check_byor_export_enabled')
     @patch('server.routes.api_keys.get_byor_key_from_db')
-    async def test_database_error_raises_exception(self, mock_get_key):
+    async def test_database_error_raises_exception(
+        self, mock_get_key, mock_check_enabled
+    ):
         """Test that database errors are properly handled."""
         # Arrange
         user_id = 'user-123'
+        mock_check_enabled.return_value = True
         mock_get_key.side_effect = Exception('Database connection error')
 
         # Act & Assert
@@ -330,6 +353,21 @@ class TestGetLlmApiKeyForByor:
         assert exc_info.value.status_code == 500
         assert 'Failed to retrieve BYOR LLM API key' in exc_info.value.detail
 
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    @patch('storage.org_service.OrgService.check_byor_export_enabled')
+    async def test_byor_export_disabled_returns_402(self, mock_check_enabled):
+        """Test that when BYOR export is disabled, 402 is returned."""
+        # Arrange
+        user_id = 'user-123'
+        mock_check_enabled.return_value = False
+
+        # Act & Assert
+        with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc_info:
+            await get_llm_api_key_for_byor(user_id=user_id)
+
+        assert exc_info.value.status_code == 402
+        assert 'BYOR key export is not enabled' in exc_info.value.detail
+
 
 class TestDeleteByorKeyFromLitellm:
     """Test the delete_byor_key_from_litellm function with alias cleanup."""
@@ -425,3 +463,52 @@ class TestDeleteByorKeyFromLitellm:
 
         # Assert
         assert result is False
+
+
+class TestCheckByorPermitted:
+    """Test the check_byor_permitted endpoint."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    @patch('storage.org_service.OrgService.check_byor_export_enabled')
+    async def test_permitted_when_enabled(self, mock_check_enabled):
+        """Test that permitted=True is returned when BYOR export is enabled."""
+        # Arrange
+        user_id = 'user-123'
+        mock_check_enabled.return_value = True
+
+        # Act
+        result = await check_byor_permitted(user_id=user_id)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert result == ByorPermittedResponse(permitted=True)
+        mock_check_enabled.assert_called_once_with(user_id)
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    @patch('storage.org_service.OrgService.check_byor_export_enabled')
+    async def test_not_permitted_when_disabled(self, mock_check_enabled):
+        """Test that permitted=False is returned when BYOR export is disabled."""
+        # Arrange
+        user_id = 'user-123'
+        mock_check_enabled.return_value = False
+
+        # Act
+        result = await check_byor_permitted(user_id=user_id)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert result == ByorPermittedResponse(permitted=False)
+        mock_check_enabled.assert_called_once_with(user_id)
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    @patch('storage.org_service.OrgService.check_byor_export_enabled')
+    async def test_error_raises_500(self, mock_check_enabled):
+        """Test that an exception raises 500 error."""
+        # Arrange
+        user_id = 'user-123'
+        mock_check_enabled.side_effect = Exception('Database error')
+
+        # Act & Assert
+        with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc_info:
+            await check_byor_permitted(user_id=user_id)
+
+        assert exc_info.value.status_code == 500
+        assert 'Failed to check BYOR export permission' in exc_info.value.detail

enterprise/tests/unit/server/routes/test_email_routes.py

@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse, RedirectResponse
 from pydantic import SecretStr
 from server.auth.saas_user_auth import SaasUserAuth
 from server.routes.email import (
+    EmailUpdate,
     ResendEmailVerificationRequest,
     resend_email_verification,
+    update_email,
     verified_email,
     verify_email,
 )
@@ -116,12 +118,15 @@ async def test_verified_email_default_redirect(mock_request, mock_user_auth):
     """Test verified_email redirects to /settings/user by default."""
     # Arrange
     mock_request.query_params.get.return_value = None
+    mock_user_auth.user_id = 'test-user-id'
 
     # Act
     with (
         patch('server.routes.email.get_user_auth', return_value=mock_user_auth),
         patch('server.routes.email.set_response_cookie') as mock_set_cookie,
+        patch('server.routes.email.UserStore') as mock_user_store,
     ):
+        mock_user_store.update_user_email = AsyncMock()
         result = await verified_email(mock_request)
 
     # Assert
@@ -140,12 +145,15 @@ async def test_verified_email_https_scheme(mock_request, mock_user_auth):
     mock_request.url.hostname = 'example.com'
     mock_request.url.netloc = 'example.com'
     mock_request.query_params.get.return_value = None
+    mock_user_auth.user_id = 'test-user-id'
 
     # Act
     with (
         patch('server.routes.email.get_user_auth', return_value=mock_user_auth),
         patch('server.routes.email.set_response_cookie') as mock_set_cookie,
+        patch('server.routes.email.UserStore') as mock_user_store,
     ):
+        mock_user_store.update_user_email = AsyncMock()
         result = await verified_email(mock_request)
 
     # Assert
@@ -327,6 +335,62 @@ async def test_resend_email_verification_with_is_auth_flow_false(mock_request):
         assert '/api/email/verified' in call_args.kwargs['redirect_uri']
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_update_email_calls_update_user_email(mock_request, mock_user_auth):
+    """POST /api/email should call UserStore.update_user_email with new email and email_verified=False."""
+    user_id = 'test-user-id'
+    new_email = 'new@example.com'
+    email_data = EmailUpdate(email=new_email)
+
+    mock_keycloak_admin = MagicMock()
+    mock_keycloak_admin.get_user.return_value = {
+        'enabled': True,
+        'username': 'testuser',
+    }
+    mock_keycloak_admin.a_update_user = AsyncMock()
+    mock_user_store = MagicMock()
+    mock_user_store.update_user_email = AsyncMock()
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            'server.routes.email.get_keycloak_admin', return_value=mock_keycloak_admin
+        ),
+        patch('server.routes.email.get_user_auth', return_value=mock_user_auth),
+        patch('server.routes.email.set_response_cookie'),
+        patch('server.routes.email.verify_email', new_callable=AsyncMock),
+        patch('server.routes.email.UserStore', mock_user_store),
+    ):
+        result = await update_email(
+            email_data=email_data, request=mock_request, user_id=user_id
+        )
+
+    assert result.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+    mock_user_store.update_user_email.assert_awaited_once_with(
+        user_id=user_id, email=new_email, email_verified=False
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_verified_email_calls_update_user_email(mock_request, mock_user_auth):
+    """GET /api/email/verified should call UserStore.update_user_email with email_verified=True."""
+    mock_user_auth.user_id = 'test-user-id'
+
+    mock_user_store = MagicMock()
+    mock_user_store.update_user_email = AsyncMock()
+
+    with (
+        patch('server.routes.email.get_user_auth', return_value=mock_user_auth),
+        patch('server.routes.email.set_response_cookie'),
+        patch('server.routes.email.UserStore', mock_user_store),
+    ):
+        result = await verified_email(mock_request)
+
+    assert result.status_code == 302
+    mock_user_store.update_user_email.assert_awaited_once_with(
+        user_id='test-user-id', email_verified=True
+    )
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_resend_email_verification_body_none_uses_auth(mock_request):
     """Test resend_email_verification uses auth when body is None."""

enterprise/tests/unit/server/routes/test_jira_dc_integration_routes.py

@@ -1220,3 +1220,60 @@ async def test_validate_workspace_update_permissions_no_current_link(mock_manage
 
     result = await _validate_workspace_update_permissions('user1', 'test-workspace')
     assert result == mock_workspace
+
+
+# Tests for OAuth URL encoding
+class TestJiraDcOAuthUrlEncoding:
+    """Tests to verify OAuth authorization URLs are properly URL-encoded."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    @patch('server.routes.integration.jira_dc.get_user_auth')
+    @patch('server.routes.integration.jira_dc.redis_client')
+    @patch('server.routes.integration.jira_dc.JIRA_DC_ENABLE_OAUTH', True)
+    async def test_create_jira_dc_workspace_url_encoding(
+        self, mock_redis, mock_get_auth, mock_request, mock_user_auth
+    ):
+        """Test that create_jira_dc_workspace properly URL-encodes the authorization URL."""
+        mock_get_auth.return_value = mock_user_auth
+        mock_redis.setex.return_value = True
+        workspace_data = JiraDcWorkspaceCreate(
+            workspace_name='test-workspace',
+            webhook_secret='secret',
+            svc_acc_email='svc@test.com',
+            svc_acc_api_key='key',
+            is_active=True,
+        )
+
+        response = await create_jira_dc_workspace(mock_request, workspace_data)
+        content = json.loads(response.body)
+
+        auth_url = content['authorizationUrl']
+        # Verify no raw spaces in the URL (spaces should be encoded as + or %20)
+        assert ' ' not in auth_url
+        # Verify scope parameter contains encoded scopes (+ is valid URL encoding for space)
+        assert 'scope=read%3Ame+read%3Ajira-user+read%3Ajira-work' in auth_url
+        # Verify redirect_uri is properly encoded
+        assert 'redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2F' in auth_url
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    @patch('server.routes.integration.jira_dc.get_user_auth')
+    @patch('server.routes.integration.jira_dc.redis_client')
+    @patch('server.routes.integration.jira_dc.JIRA_DC_ENABLE_OAUTH', True)
+    async def test_create_workspace_link_url_encoding(
+        self, mock_redis, mock_get_auth, mock_request, mock_user_auth
+    ):
+        """Test that create_workspace_link properly URL-encodes the authorization URL."""
+        mock_get_auth.return_value = mock_user_auth
+        mock_redis.setex.return_value = True
+        link_data = JiraDcLinkCreate(workspace_name='test-workspace')
+
+        response = await create_workspace_link(mock_request, link_data)
+        content = json.loads(response.body)
+
+        auth_url = content['authorizationUrl']
+        # Verify no raw spaces in the URL (spaces should be encoded as + or %20)
+        assert ' ' not in auth_url
+        # Verify scope parameter contains encoded scopes (+ is valid URL encoding for space)
+        assert 'scope=read%3Ame+read%3Ajira-user+read%3Ajira-work' in auth_url
+        # Verify redirect_uri is properly encoded
+        assert 'redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2F' in auth_url

enterprise/tests/unit/server/routes/test_jira_integration_routes.py

@@ -1323,3 +1323,58 @@ async def test_validate_workspace_update_permissions_no_current_link(mock_manage
 
     result = await _validate_workspace_update_permissions('user1', 'test-workspace')
     assert result == mock_workspace
+
+
+# Tests for OAuth URL encoding
+class TestJiraOAuthUrlEncoding:
+    """Tests to verify OAuth authorization URLs are properly URL-encoded."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    @patch('server.routes.integration.jira.get_user_auth')
+    @patch('server.routes.integration.jira.redis_client')
+    async def test_create_jira_workspace_url_encoding(
+        self, mock_redis, mock_get_auth, mock_request, mock_user_auth
+    ):
+        """Test that create_jira_workspace properly URL-encodes the authorization URL."""
+        mock_get_auth.return_value = mock_user_auth
+        mock_redis.setex.return_value = True
+        workspace_data = JiraWorkspaceCreate(
+            workspace_name='test-workspace',
+            webhook_secret='secret',
+            svc_acc_email='svc@test.com',
+            svc_acc_api_key='key',
+            is_active=True,
+        )
+
+        response = await create_jira_workspace(mock_request, workspace_data)
+        content = json.loads(response.body)
+
+        auth_url = content['authorizationUrl']
+        # Verify no raw spaces in the URL (spaces should be encoded as + or %20)
+        assert ' ' not in auth_url
+        # Verify scope parameter contains encoded scopes (+ is valid URL encoding for space)
+        assert 'scope=read%3Ame+read%3Ajira-user+read%3Ajira-work' in auth_url
+        # Verify redirect_uri is properly encoded
+        assert 'redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2F' in auth_url
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    @patch('server.routes.integration.jira.get_user_auth')
+    @patch('server.routes.integration.jira.redis_client')
+    async def test_create_workspace_link_url_encoding(
+        self, mock_redis, mock_get_auth, mock_request, mock_user_auth
+    ):
+        """Test that create_workspace_link properly URL-encodes the authorization URL."""
+        mock_get_auth.return_value = mock_user_auth
+        mock_redis.setex.return_value = True
+        link_data = JiraLinkCreate(workspace_name='test-workspace')
+
+        response = await create_workspace_link(mock_request, link_data)
+        content = json.loads(response.body)
+
+        auth_url = content['authorizationUrl']
+        # Verify no raw spaces in the URL (spaces should be encoded as + or %20)
+        assert ' ' not in auth_url
+        # Verify scope parameter contains encoded scopes (+ is valid URL encoding for space)
+        assert 'scope=read%3Ame+read%3Ajira-user+read%3Ajira-work' in auth_url
+        # Verify redirect_uri is properly encoded
+        assert 'redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2F' in auth_url

enterprise/tests/unit/server/routes/test_oauth_device.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """Unit tests for OAuth2 Device Flow endpoints."""
 
 from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
 from fastapi import HTTPException, Request
@@ -22,8 +22,10 @@ def mock_device_code_store():
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def mock_api_key_store():
-    """Mock API key store."""
-    return MagicMock()
+    """Mock API key store with async create_api_key."""
+    mock = MagicMock()
+    mock.create_api_key = AsyncMock()
+    return mock
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -204,8 +206,9 @@ class TestDeviceVerificationAuthenticated:
         mock_store.get_by_user_code.return_value = mock_device
         mock_store.authorize_device_code.return_value = True
 
-        # Mock API key store
+        # Mock API key store with async create_api_key
         mock_api_key_store = MagicMock()
+        mock_api_key_store.create_api_key = AsyncMock()
         mock_api_key_class.get_instance.return_value = mock_api_key_store
 
         result = await device_verification_authenticated(
@@ -228,8 +231,9 @@ class TestDeviceVerificationAuthenticated:
     @patch('server.routes.oauth_device.device_code_store')
     async def test_multiple_device_authentication(self, mock_store, mock_api_key_class):
         """Test that multiple devices can authenticate simultaneously."""
-        # Mock API key store
+        # Mock API key store with async create_api_key
         mock_api_key_store = MagicMock()
+        mock_api_key_store.create_api_key = AsyncMock()
         mock_api_key_class.get_instance.return_value = mock_api_key_store
 
         # Simulate two different devices
@@ -486,8 +490,9 @@ class TestDeviceVerificationTransactionIntegrity:
         mock_store.get_by_user_code.return_value = mock_device
         mock_store.authorize_device_code.return_value = False  # Authorization fails
 
-        # Mock API key store
+        # Mock API key store with async create_api_key
         mock_api_key_store = MagicMock()
+        mock_api_key_store.create_api_key = AsyncMock()
         mock_api_key_class.get_instance.return_value = mock_api_key_store
 
         # Should raise HTTPException due to authorization failure
@@ -518,9 +523,11 @@ class TestDeviceVerificationTransactionIntegrity:
         mock_store.authorize_device_code.return_value = True  # Authorization succeeds
         mock_store.deny_device_code.return_value = True  # Cleanup succeeds
 
-        # Mock API key store to fail on creation
+        # Mock API key store to fail on creation (async)
         mock_api_key_store = MagicMock()
-        mock_api_key_store.create_api_key.side_effect = Exception('Database error')
+        mock_api_key_store.create_api_key = AsyncMock(
+            side_effect=Exception('Database error')
+        )
         mock_api_key_class.get_instance.return_value = mock_api_key_store
 
         # Should raise HTTPException due to API key creation failure
@@ -558,9 +565,11 @@ class TestDeviceVerificationTransactionIntegrity:
             'Cleanup failed'
         )  # Cleanup fails
 
-        # Mock API key store to fail on creation
+        # Mock API key store to fail on creation (async)
         mock_api_key_store = MagicMock()
-        mock_api_key_store.create_api_key.side_effect = Exception('Database error')
+        mock_api_key_store.create_api_key = AsyncMock(
+            side_effect=Exception('Database error')
+        )
         mock_api_key_class.get_instance.return_value = mock_api_key_store
 
         # Should still raise HTTPException for the original API key creation failure
@@ -589,8 +598,9 @@ class TestDeviceVerificationTransactionIntegrity:
         mock_store.get_by_user_code.return_value = mock_device
         mock_store.authorize_device_code.return_value = True  # Authorization succeeds
 
-        # Mock API key store
+        # Mock API key store with async create_api_key
         mock_api_key_store = MagicMock()
+        mock_api_key_store.create_api_key = AsyncMock()
         mock_api_key_class.get_instance.return_value = mock_api_key_store
 
         result = await device_verification_authenticated(

enterprise/tests/unit/server/routes/test_user_app_settings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+"""
+Unit tests for user app settings API routes.
+
+Tests the GET and POST /api/users/app endpoints.
+"""
+
+import uuid
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI, status
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from server.routes.user_app_settings import user_app_settings_router
+from server.routes.user_app_settings_models import (
+    UserAppSettingsResponse,
+    UserNotFoundError,
+)
+
+from openhands.server.user_auth import get_user_id
+
+TEST_USER_ID = str(uuid.uuid4())
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_app():
+    """Create a test FastAPI app with user app settings routes and mocked auth."""
+    app = FastAPI()
+    app.include_router(user_app_settings_router)
+
+    def mock_get_user_id():
+        return TEST_USER_ID
+
+    app.dependency_overrides[get_user_id] = mock_get_user_id
+
+    return app
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_app_unauthenticated():
+    """Create a test FastAPI app with no authenticated user."""
+    app = FastAPI()
+    app.include_router(user_app_settings_router)
+
+    def mock_get_user_id():
+        return None
+
+    app.dependency_overrides[get_user_id] = mock_get_user_id
+
+    return app
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_settings_response():
+    """Create a mock user app settings response."""
+    return UserAppSettingsResponse(
+        language='en',
+        user_consents_to_analytics=True,
+        enable_sound_notifications=False,
+        git_user_name='testuser',
+        git_user_email='test@example.com',
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_get_user_app_settings_success(mock_app, mock_settings_response):
+    """
+    GIVEN: An authenticated user with app settings
+    WHEN: GET /api/users/app is called
+    THEN: User's app settings are returned with 200 status
+    """
+    # Arrange
+    with patch(
+        'server.routes.user_app_settings.UserAppSettingsService.get_user_app_settings',
+        AsyncMock(return_value=mock_settings_response),
+    ):
+        client = TestClient(mock_app)
+
+        # Act
+        response = client.get('/api/users/app')
+
+        # Assert
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+        data = response.json()
+        assert data['language'] == 'en'
+        assert data['user_consents_to_analytics'] is True
+        assert data['enable_sound_notifications'] is False
+        assert data['git_user_name'] == 'testuser'
+        assert data['git_user_email'] == 'test@example.com'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_get_user_app_settings_not_authenticated(mock_app_unauthenticated):
+    """
+    GIVEN: An unauthenticated request
+    WHEN: GET /api/users/app is called
+    THEN: 401 Unauthorized is returned
+    """
+    # Arrange
+    client = TestClient(mock_app_unauthenticated)
+
+    # Act
+    response = client.get('/api/users/app')
+
+    # Assert
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
+    assert 'not authenticated' in response.json()['detail'].lower()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_get_user_app_settings_user_not_found(mock_app):
+    """
+    GIVEN: An authenticated user that doesn't exist in the database
+    WHEN: GET /api/users/app is called
+    THEN: 404 Not Found is returned
+    """
+    # Arrange
+    with patch(
+        'server.routes.user_app_settings.UserAppSettingsService.get_user_app_settings',
+        AsyncMock(side_effect=UserNotFoundError(TEST_USER_ID)),
+    ):
+        client = TestClient(mock_app)
+
+        # Act
+        response = client.get('/api/users/app')
+
+        # Assert
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
+        assert 'not found' in response.json()['detail'].lower()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_update_user_app_settings_success(mock_app):
+    """
+    GIVEN: An authenticated user
+    WHEN: POST /api/users/app is called with update data
+    THEN: Updated settings are returned with 200 status
+    """
+    # Arrange
+    updated_response = UserAppSettingsResponse(
+        language='es',
+        user_consents_to_analytics=False,
+        enable_sound_notifications=True,
+        git_user_name='newuser',
+        git_user_email='new@example.com',
+    )
+    request_data = {
+        'language': 'es',
+        'user_consents_to_analytics': False,
+    }
+
+    with patch(
+        'server.routes.user_app_settings.UserAppSettingsService.update_user_app_settings',
+        AsyncMock(return_value=updated_response),
+    ):
+        client = TestClient(mock_app)
+
+        # Act
+        response = client.post('/api/users/app', json=request_data)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+        data = response.json()
+        assert data['language'] == 'es'
+        assert data['user_consents_to_analytics'] is False
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_update_user_app_settings_not_authenticated(mock_app_unauthenticated):
+    """
+    GIVEN: An unauthenticated request
+    WHEN: POST /api/users/app is called
+    THEN: 401 Unauthorized is returned
+    """
+    # Arrange
+    request_data = {'language': 'en'}
+    client = TestClient(mock_app_unauthenticated)
+
+    # Act
+    response = client.post('/api/users/app', json=request_data)
+
+    # Assert
+    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
+    assert 'not authenticated' in response.json()['detail'].lower()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_update_user_app_settings_user_not_found(mock_app):
+    """
+    GIVEN: An authenticated user that doesn't exist in the database
+    WHEN: POST /api/users/app is called
+    THEN: 404 Not Found is returned
+    """
+    # Arrange
+    request_data = {'language': 'en'}
+
+    with patch(
+        'server.routes.user_app_settings.UserAppSettingsService.update_user_app_settings',
+        AsyncMock(side_effect=UserNotFoundError(TEST_USER_ID)),
+    ):
+        client = TestClient(mock_app)
+
+        # Act
+        response = client.post('/api/users/app', json=request_data)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
+        assert 'not found' in response.json()['detail'].lower()

enterprise/tests/unit/server/services/test_user_app_settings_service.py

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+"""
+Unit tests for UserAppSettingsService.
+
+Tests the service layer for user app settings operations.
+"""
+
+import uuid
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+
+import pytest
+from server.routes.user_app_settings_models import (
+    UserAppSettingsResponse,
+    UserAppSettingsUpdate,
+    UserNotFoundError,
+)
+from server.services.user_app_settings_service import UserAppSettingsService
+from storage.user import User
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def user_id():
+    """Create a test user ID."""
+    return str(uuid.uuid4())
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_user(user_id):
+    """Create a mock user with app settings."""
+    user = MagicMock(spec=User)
+    user.id = uuid.UUID(user_id)
+    user.language = 'en'
+    user.user_consents_to_analytics = True
+    user.enable_sound_notifications = False
+    user.git_user_name = 'testuser'
+    user.git_user_email = 'test@example.com'
+    return user
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_store():
+    """Create a mock UserAppSettingsStore."""
+    return MagicMock()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_user_context(user_id):
+    """Create a mock UserContext that returns the user_id."""
+    context = MagicMock()
+    context.get_user_id = AsyncMock(return_value=user_id)
+    return context
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_get_user_app_settings_success(
+    user_id, mock_user, mock_store, mock_user_context
+):
+    """
+    GIVEN: A user exists in the database
+    WHEN: get_user_app_settings is called
+    THEN: UserAppSettingsResponse is returned with correct data
+    """
+    # Arrange
+    mock_store.get_user_by_id = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_user)
+    service = UserAppSettingsService(store=mock_store, user_context=mock_user_context)
+
+    # Act
+    result = await service.get_user_app_settings()
+
+    # Assert
+    assert isinstance(result, UserAppSettingsResponse)
+    assert result.language == 'en'
+    assert result.user_consents_to_analytics is True
+    assert result.enable_sound_notifications is False
+    assert result.git_user_name == 'testuser'
+    assert result.git_user_email == 'test@example.com'
+    mock_store.get_user_by_id.assert_called_once_with(user_id)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_get_user_app_settings_user_not_found(
+    user_id, mock_store, mock_user_context
+):
+    """
+    GIVEN: A user does not exist in the database
+    WHEN: get_user_app_settings is called
+    THEN: UserNotFoundError is raised
+    """
+    # Arrange
+    mock_store.get_user_by_id = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+    service = UserAppSettingsService(store=mock_store, user_context=mock_user_context)
+
+    # Act & Assert
+    with pytest.raises(UserNotFoundError) as exc_info:
+        await service.get_user_app_settings()
+
+    assert user_id in str(exc_info.value)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_update_user_app_settings_success(
+    user_id, mock_user, mock_store, mock_user_context
+):
+    """
+    GIVEN: A user exists in the database
+    WHEN: update_user_app_settings is called with new values
+    THEN: UserAppSettingsResponse is returned with updated data
+    """
+    # Arrange
+    mock_user.language = 'es'
+    mock_user.user_consents_to_analytics = False
+
+    update_data = UserAppSettingsUpdate(
+        language='es',
+        user_consents_to_analytics=False,
+    )
+
+    mock_store.update_user_app_settings = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_user)
+    service = UserAppSettingsService(store=mock_store, user_context=mock_user_context)
+
+    # Act
+    result = await service.update_user_app_settings(update_data)
+
+    # Assert
+    assert isinstance(result, UserAppSettingsResponse)
+    assert result.language == 'es'
+    assert result.user_consents_to_analytics is False
+    mock_store.update_user_app_settings.assert_called_once_with(
+        user_id=user_id, update_data=update_data
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_update_user_app_settings_no_changes(
+    user_id, mock_user, mock_store, mock_user_context
+):
+    """
+    GIVEN: A user exists in the database
+    WHEN: update_user_app_settings is called with no fields
+    THEN: Current settings are returned without calling update
+    """
+    # Arrange
+    update_data = UserAppSettingsUpdate()  # No fields set
+
+    mock_store.get_user_by_id = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_user)
+    mock_store.update_user_app_settings = AsyncMock()
+    service = UserAppSettingsService(store=mock_store, user_context=mock_user_context)
+
+    # Act
+    result = await service.update_user_app_settings(update_data)
+
+    # Assert
+    assert isinstance(result, UserAppSettingsResponse)
+    mock_store.get_user_by_id.assert_called_once_with(user_id)
+    mock_store.update_user_app_settings.assert_not_called()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_update_user_app_settings_user_not_found(
+    user_id, mock_store, mock_user_context
+):
+    """
+    GIVEN: A user does not exist in the database
+    WHEN: update_user_app_settings is called
+    THEN: UserNotFoundError is raised
+    """
+    # Arrange
+    update_data = UserAppSettingsUpdate(language='en')
+
+    mock_store.update_user_app_settings = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+    service = UserAppSettingsService(store=mock_store, user_context=mock_user_context)
+
+    # Act & Assert
+    with pytest.raises(UserNotFoundError) as exc_info:
+        await service.update_user_app_settings(update_data)
+
+    assert user_id in str(exc_info.value)