CoffeeScript 0.2.4, with pattern matching and heredocs

coffee compiles CoffeeScript source files into JavaScript.

Usage:
  coffee path/to/script.coffee
    -i, --interactive                run a CoffeeScript REPL (requires Narwhal)
    -r, --run                        compile and run a script (requires Narwhal)
    -o, --output [DIR]               set the directory for compiled JavaScript
    -w, --watch                      watch scripts for changes, and recompile
    -p, --print                      print the compiled JavaScript to stdout
    -l, --lint                       pipe the compiled JavaScript through JSLint
    -e, --eval                       compile a cli scriptlet or read from stdin
    -t, --tokens                     print the tokens that the lexer produces
    -v, --verbose                    print at every step of code generation
    -n, --no-wrap                    raw output, no safety wrapper or vars
        --install-bundle             install the CoffeeScript TextMate bundle
        --version                    display CoffeeScript version
    -h, --help                       display this help message outside of the coffee-script directory

.gitignore

@@ -1,2 +1,6 @@
+presentation
+test.coffee
 parser.output
+lib/coffee_script/parser.rb
+test/fixtures/underscore
 *.gem

LICENSE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2009 Jeremy Ashkenas
+Copyright (c) 2010 Jeremy Ashkenas
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
 obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation

README

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
   gem install coffee-script
   
   Compile a script:
-  coffee-script /path/to/script.cs
+  coffee /path/to/script.coffee
   
   For documentation, usage, and examples, see:
   http://jashkenas.github.com/coffee-script/
@@ -36,3 +36,6 @@
 
   The source repository:
   git://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script.git
+  
+  To build CoffeeScript from source, install the "racc" gem and
+  run "rake build:parser". Then bin/coffee will work.

Rakefile

@@ -10,17 +10,39 @@ task :test do
   Dir['test/*/**/test_*.rb'].each {|test| require test }
 end
 
-desc "Recompile the Racc parser (pass -v and -g for verbose debugging)"
-task :build, :extra_args do |t, args|
-  sh "racc #{args[:extra_args]} -o lib/coffee_script/parser.rb lib/coffee_script/grammar.y"
+namespace :build do
+
+  desc "Recompile the Racc parser (pass -v and -g for verbose debugging)"
+  task :parser, :racc_args do |t, args|
+    sh "racc #{args[:racc_args]} -o lib/coffee_script/parser.rb lib/coffee_script/grammar.y"
+  end
+
+  desc "Compile the Narwhal interface for --interactive and --run"
+  task :narwhal do
+    sh "bin/coffee lib/coffee_script/narwhal/*.coffee -o lib/coffee_script/narwhal/lib/coffee-script"
+    sh "mv lib/coffee_script/narwhal/lib/coffee-script/coffee-script.js lib/coffee_script/narwhal/lib/coffee-script.js"
+  end
+
+  desc "Compile and install the Ultraviolet syntax highlighter"
+  task :ultraviolet do
+    sh "plist2syntax lib/coffee_script/CoffeeScript.tmbundle/Syntaxes/CoffeeScript.tmLanguage"
+    sh "sudo mv coffeescript.yaml /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/ultraviolet-0.10.2/syntax/coffeescript.syntax"
+  end
+
+  desc "Rebuild the Underscore.coffee documentation page"
+  task :underscore do
+    sh "uv -s coffeescript -t idle -h examples/underscore.coffee > documentation/underscore.html"
+  end
+
 end
 
 desc "Build the documentation page"
 task :doc do
   source = 'documentation/index.html.erb'
-  child = fork { exec "bin/coffee-script documentation/cs/*.cs -o documentation/js -w" }
+  child = fork { exec "bin/coffee documentation/coffee/*.coffee -o documentation/js -w" }
   at_exit { Process.kill("INT", child) }
   Signal.trap("INT") { exit }
+  # `uv -t idle -s coffeescript -h examples/underscore.coffee > documentation/underscore.html`
   loop do
     mtime = File.stat(source).mtime
     if !@mtime || mtime > @mtime

bin/cs

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env narwhal
-
-require("coffee-script").run(system.args);

coffee-script.gemspec

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.name      = 'coffee-script'
-  s.version   = '0.1.2'         # Keep version in sync with coffee-script.rb
-  s.date      = '2009-12-24'
+  s.version   = '0.2.4'         # Keep version in sync with coffee-script.rb
+  s.date      = '2010-1-12'
 
   s.homepage    = "http://jashkenas.github.com/coffee-script/"
   s.summary     = "The CoffeeScript Compiler"
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.has_rdoc          = false
 
   s.require_paths     = ['lib']
-  s.executables       = ['coffee-script']
+  s.executables       = ['coffee']
 
-  s.files = Dir['bin/*', 'examples/*', 'lib/**/*', 'coffee-script.gemspec', 'LICENSE', 'README']
+  s.files = Dir['bin/*', 'examples/*', 'lib/**/*', 'coffee-script.gemspec', 'LICENSE', 'README', 'package.json']
 end

documentation/coffee/aliases.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+launch() if ignition is on
+
+volume: 10 if band isnt spinal_tap
+
+let_the_wild_rumpus_begin() unless answer is no
+
+if car.speed < speed_limit then accelerate()

documentation/coffee/arguments.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+backwards: =>
+  alert(arguments.reverse())
+
+backwards("stairway", "to", "heaven")

documentation/coffee/array_comprehensions.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Eat lunch.
+lunch: eat(food) for food in ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine']
+
+# Naive collision detection.
+for roid in asteroids
+  for roid2 in asteroids when roid isnt roid2
+    roid.explode() if roid.overlaps(roid2)

documentation/coffee/blocks.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+$('table.list').each() table =>
+  $('tr.account', table).each() row =>
+    row.show()
+    row.highlight()

documentation/coffee/conditionals.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+mood: greatly_improved if singing
+
+if happy and knows_it
+  claps_hands()
+  cha_cha_cha()
+
+date: if friday then sue else jill
+
+expensive ||= do_the_math()

documentation/coffee/embedded.coffee

@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ hi: `function() {
   return [document.title, "Hello JavaScript"].join(": ");
 }`
 
+

documentation/coffee/existence.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+solipsism: true if mind? and not world?

documentation/coffee/expressions.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+grade: student =>
+  if student.excellent_work
+    "A+"
+  else if student.okay_stuff
+    if student.tried_hard then "B" else "B-"
+  else
+    "C"
+
+eldest: if 24 > 21 then "Liz" else "Ike"

documentation/coffee/expressions_assignment.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+six: (one: 1) + (two: 2) + (three: 3)

documentation/coffee/expressions_comprehension.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# The first ten global properties.
+
+globals: (name for name of window)[0...10]

documentation/coffee/expressions_try.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+alert(
+  try
+    nonexistent / undefined
+  catch error
+    "Caught an error: " + error
+)

documentation/coffee/functions.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+square: x => x * x
+cube:   x => square(x) * x

documentation/coffee/heredocs.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+html: '''
+      <strong>
+        cup of coffeescript
+      </strong>
+      '''

documentation/coffee/multiple_return_values.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+weather_report: location =>
+  # Make an Ajax request to fetch the weather...
+  [location, 72, "Mostly Sunny"]
+
+[city, temp, forecast]: weather_report("Berkeley, CA")

documentation/coffee/object_comprehensions.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+years_old: {max: 10, ida: 9, tim: 11}
+
+ages: for child, age of years_old
+  child + " is " + age

documentation/coffee/object_extraction.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+futurists: {
+  sculptor: "Umberto Boccioni"
+  painter:  "Vladimir Burliuk"
+  poet: {
+    name:   "F.T. Marinetti"
+    address: [
+      "Via Roma 42R"
+      "Bellagio, Italy 22021"
+    ]
+  }
+}
+
+{poet: {name: poet, address: [street, city]}}: futurists

documentation/coffee/objects_and_arrays.coffee

@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
 song: ["do", "re", "mi", "fa", "so"]
+
 ages: {
   max: 10
   ida: 9
   tim: 11
-}
+}
+
+matrix: [
+  1, 0, 1
+  0, 0, 1
+  1, 1, 0
+]

documentation/coffee/overview.coffee

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ opposite_day: true
 number: -42 if opposite_day
 
 # Functions:
-square: x => x * x.
+square: x => x * x
 
 # Arrays:
 list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
@@ -15,8 +15,15 @@ list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
 math: {
   root:   Math.sqrt
   square: square
-  cube:   x => x * square(x).
+  cube:   x => x * square(x)
 }
 
+# Splats:
+race: winner, runners... =>
+  print(winner, runners)
+
+# Existence:
+alert("I knew it!") if elvis?
+
 # Array comprehensions:
-cubed_list: math.cube(num) for num in list.
+cubed_list: math.cube(num) for num in list

documentation/coffee/parallel_assignment.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+bait: 1000
+and_switch: 0
+
+[bait, and_switch]: [and_switch, bait]

documentation/coffee/range_comprehensions.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+countdown: num for num in [10..1]
+
+egg_delivery: =>
+  for i in [0...eggs.length] by 12
+    dozen_eggs: eggs[i...i+12]
+    deliver(new egg_carton(dozen))

documentation/coffee/scope.coffee

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 num: 1
 change_numbers: =>
-  num: 2
-  new_num: 3.
+  new_num: -1
+  num: 10
 new_num: change_numbers()

documentation/coffee/slices.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+numbers: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+
+three_to_six: numbers[3..6]
+
+numbers_copy: numbers[0...numbers.length]
+

documentation/coffee/splats.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+gold: silver: the_field: "unknown"
+
+medalists: first, second, rest... =>
+  gold:       first
+  silver:     second
+  the_field:  rest
+
+contenders: [
+  "Michael Phelps"
+  "Liu Xiang"
+  "Yao Ming"
+  "Allyson Felix"
+  "Shawn Johnson"
+  "Roman Sebrle"
+  "Guo Jingjing"
+  "Tyson Gay"
+  "Asafa Powell"
+  "Usain Bolt"
+]
+
+medalists(contenders...)
+
+alert("Gold: " + gold)
+alert("Silver: " + silver)
+alert("The Field: " + the_field)

documentation/coffee/splices.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+numbers: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+
+numbers[3..6]: [-3, -4, -5, -6]
+
+

documentation/coffee/strings.coffee

@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail
 about a little and see the watery part of the
 world..."
 
+

documentation/coffee/super.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+Animal: =>
+Animal::move: meters =>
+  alert(this.name + " moved " + meters + "m.")
+
+Snake: name => this.name: name
+Snake extends Animal
+Snake::move: =>
+  alert("Slithering...")
+  super(5)
+
+Horse: name => this.name: name
+Horse extends Animal
+Horse::move: =>
+  alert("Galloping...")
+  super(45)
+
+sam: new Snake("Sammy the Python")
+tom: new Horse("Tommy the Palomino")
+
+sam.move()
+tom.move()
+
+
+
+

documentation/coffee/switch.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+switch day
+  when "Tuesday"   then eat_breakfast()
+  when "Wednesday" then go_to_the_park()
+  when "Saturday"
+    if day is bingo_day
+      go_to_bingo()
+      go_dancing()
+  when "Sunday"    then go_to_church()
+  else go_to_work()

documentation/coffee/try.coffee

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ try
 catch error
   print(error)
 finally
-  clean_up().
+  clean_up()

documentation/coffee/while.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+while demand > supply
+  sell()
+  restock()
+
+while supply > demand then buy()

documentation/cs/aliases.cs

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-launch() if ignition is on
-
-volume: 10 if band aint spinal_tap
-
-let_the_wild_rumpus_begin() unless answer is no
-
-if car.speed < speed_limit then accelerate().

documentation/cs/array_comprehensions.cs

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-# Eat lunch.
-lunch: food.eat() for food in ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine'].
-
-# Zebra-stripe a table.
-highlight(row) for row, i in table if i % 2 is 0.

documentation/cs/conditionals.cs

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-mood: greatly_improved if singing
-
-if happy and knows_it
-  claps_hands()
-  cha_cha_cha().
-
-date: if friday then sue else jill.
-
-expensive ||: do_the_math()

documentation/cs/expressions.cs

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-grade: student =>
-  if student.excellent_work
-    "A+"
-  else if student.okay_stuff
-    if student.tried_hard then "B" else "B-".
-  else
-    "C"..
-
-eldest: if 24 > 21 then "Liz" else "Ike".

documentation/cs/functions.cs

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-square: x => x * x.
-cube:   x => square(x) * x.

documentation/cs/intro.cs

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# CoffeeScript on the left, JS on the right.
-
-square: x => x * x.

documentation/cs/punctuation.cs

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-# Comments start with hash marks.
-
-# Periods mark the end of a block.
-left_hand: if raining then umbrella else parasol.
-
-# To signal the beginning of the next expression,
-# use "then", or a newline.
-left_hand: if raining
-  umbrella
-else
-  parasol.

documentation/cs/slices.cs

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-nums: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
-three_to_six: nums[3, 6]

documentation/cs/super.cs

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-Animal: => .
-Animal.prototype.move: meters =>
-  alert(this.name + " moved " + meters + "m.").
-
-Snake: name => this.name: name.
-Snake extends new Animal()
-Snake.prototype.move: =>
-  alert("Slithering...")
-  super(5).
-
-Horse: name => this.name: name.
-Horse extends new Animal()
-Horse.prototype.move: =>
-  alert("Galloping...")
-  super(45).
-
-sam: new Snake("Sammy the Python")
-tom: new Horse("Tommy the Palomino")
-
-sam.move()
-tom.move()
-
-
-
-

documentation/cs/switch.cs

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-switch day
-when "Tuesday"   then eat_breakfast()
-when "Wednesday" then go_to_the_park()
-when "Saturday"
-  if day is bingo_day
-    go_to_bingo()
-    go_dancing().
-when "Sunday"    then go_to_church()
-else go_to_work().

documentation/cs/while.cs

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-while demand > supply
-  sell()
-  restock().
-
-while supply > demand then buy().

documentation/css/docs.css

@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ code, pre, tt {
   font-size: 12px;
   line-height: 18px;
   color: #191955;
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  word-wrap: break-word;
 }
   tt {
     background: #f8f8ff;

documentation/index.html.erb

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   def code_for(file, executable=false)
     @stripper ||= /(\A\(function\(\)\{\n|\}\)\(\);\Z|^  )/
     return '' unless File.exists?("documentation/js/#{file}.js")
-    cs = File.read("documentation/cs/#{file}.cs")
+    cs = File.read("documentation/coffee/#{file}.coffee")
     js = File.read("documentation/js/#{file}.js").gsub(@stripper, '')
     cshtml = Uv.parse(cs, 'xhtml', 'coffeescript', false, 'idle', false)
     jshtml = Uv.parse(js, 'xhtml', 'javascript', false, 'idle', false)
@@ -37,13 +37,11 @@
       equivalent in JavaScript, it's just another way of saying it.
     </p>
 
-    <!-- <%# code_for('intro') %>-->
-
     <p>
       <b>Disclaimer:</b>
       CoffeeScript is just for fun and seriously alpha. I'm sure that there are still
-      plenty of holes in the lexer and leaks in the syntax. <i>There is no guarantee,
-      explicit or implied, of its suitability for any purpose.</i> That said,
+      plenty of holes in the walls and leaks in the roof. <i>There are no guarantees
+      that the syntax won't change between versions.</i> That said,
       it compiles into clean JavaScript (the good parts) that can use existing
       JavaScript libraries seamlessly, and passes through
       <a href="http://www.jslint.com/">JSLint</a> without warnings. The compiled
@@ -51,27 +49,38 @@
       preserved intact.
     </p>
 
+    <p>
+      <b>Latest Version:</b>
+      <a href="http://gemcutter.org/gems/coffee-script">0.2.4</a>
+    </p>
+
     <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
 
     <p>
       <a href="#overview">Mini Overview</a><br />
       <a href="#installation">Installation and Usage</a><br />
-      <a href="#punctuation">Punctuation Primer</a><br />
+      <a href="#whitespace">Significant Whitespace</a><br />
       <a href="#functions">Functions and Invocation</a><br />
       <a href="#assignment">Assignment</a><br />
       <a href="#objects_and_arrays">Objects and Arrays</a><br />
       <a href="#lexical_scope">Lexical Scoping and Variable Safety</a><br />
       <a href="#conditionals">Conditionals, Ternaries, and Conditional Assignment</a><br />
-      <a href="#expressions">Everything is an Expression</a><br />
+      <a href="#existence">The Existence Operator</a><br />
       <a href="#aliases">Aliases</a><br />
+      <a href="#splats">Splats...</a><br />
+      <a href="#arguments">Arguments are Arrays</a><br />
       <a href="#while">While Loops</a><br />
-      <a href="#array_comprehensions">Array Comprehensions</a><br />
-      <a href="#slice">Array Slice Literals</a><br />
+      <a href="#comprehensions">Comprehensions (Arrays, Objects, and Ranges)</a><br />
+      <a href="#slice_splice">Array Slicing and Splicing with Ranges</a><br />
+      <a href="#expressions">Everything is an Expression</a><br />
       <a href="#inheritance">Inheritance, and Calling Super from a Subclass</a><br />
+      <a href="#blocks">Blocks</a><br />
+      <a href="#pattern_matching">Pattern Matching</a><br />
       <a href="#embedded">Embedded JavaScript</a><br />
       <a href="#switch">Switch/When/Else</a><br />
       <a href="#try">Try/Catch/Finally</a><br />
-      <a href="#strings">Multiline Strings</a><br />
+      <a href="#strings">Multiline Strings and Heredocs</a><br />
+      <a href="#resources">Resources</a><br />
       <a href="#contributing">Contributing</a><br />
       <a href="#change_log">Change Log</a><br />
     </p>
@@ -82,8 +91,21 @@
 
     <%= code_for('overview', 'cubed_list') %>
 
+    <p>
+      For a longer CoffeeScript example, check out
+      <a href="documentation/underscore.html">Underscore.coffee</a>, a port
+      of the <a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/">Underscore.js</a>
+      library of helper functions. Underscore.coffee can pass the entire Underscore.js
+      test suite. The CoffeeScript version is faster than the original for a number
+      of methods (in general, due to the speed of CoffeeScript's array comprehensions), and
+      after being minified and gzipped, is only 241 bytes larger than the original
+      JavaScript version.
+      Additional examples are included in the source repository, inside the
+      <a href="http://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script/tree/master/examples/">examples</a> folder.
+    </p>
+
     <h2 id="installation">Installation and Usage</h2>
-    
+
     <p>
       The CoffeeScript compiler is written in pure Ruby, and is available
       as a Ruby Gem.
@@ -93,16 +115,33 @@
 gem install coffee-script</pre>
 
     <p>
-      Installing the gem provides the <tt>coffee-script</tt> command, which can
-      be used to compile CoffeeScript <tt>.cs</tt> files into JavaScript, as
-      well as debug them. By default, <tt>coffee-script</tt> writes out the
-      JavaScript as <tt>.js</tt> files in the same directory, but output
+      Installing the gem provides the <tt>coffee</tt> command, which can
+      be used to compile CoffeeScript <tt>.coffee</tt> files into JavaScript, as
+      well as debug them. In conjunction with
+      <a href="http://narwhaljs.org/">Narwhal</a>, the <tt>coffee</tt>
+      command also provides direct evaluation and an interactive REPL.
+      When compiling to JavaScript, <tt>coffee</tt> writes the output
+      as <tt>.js</tt> files in the same directory by default, but output
       can be customized with the following options:
     </p>
 
     <table>
       <tr>
-        <td width="25%"><code>-o, --output [DIR]</code></td>
+        <td width="25%"><code>-i, --interactive</code></td>
+        <td>
+          Launch an interactive CoffeeScript session.
+          Requires <a href="http://narwhaljs.org/">Narwhal</a>.
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td><code>-r, --run</code></td>
+        <td>
+          Compile and execute scripts without saving the intermediate
+          JavaScript. Requires <a href="http://narwhaljs.org/">Narwhal</a>.
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td><code>-o, --output [DIR]</code></td>
         <td>
           Write out all compiled JavaScript files into the specified directory.
         </td>
@@ -125,7 +164,7 @@ gem install coffee-script</pre>
         <td><code>-l, --lint</code></td>
         <td>
           If the <tt>jsl</tt> (JavaScript Lint) command is installed, use it
-          to check the compilation of a CoffeeScript file. (Handy in 
+          to check the compilation of a CoffeeScript file. (Handy in
           conjunction with <tt>--watch</tt>)
         </td>
       </tr>
@@ -133,7 +172,7 @@ gem install coffee-script</pre>
         <td><code>-e, --eval</code></td>
         <td>
           Compile and print a little snippet of CoffeeScript directly from the
-          command line (or from <b>stdin</b>). For example:<br /><tt>coffee-script -e "square: x => x * x."</tt>
+          command line (or from <b>stdin</b>). For example:<br /><tt>coffee -e "square: x => x * x"</tt>
         </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
@@ -151,6 +190,20 @@ gem install coffee-script</pre>
           AST.
         </td>
       </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td><code>-n, --no-wrap</code></td>
+        <td>
+          Compile the JavaScript without the top-level function safety wrapper.
+          (Used for CoffeeScript as a Narwhal module.)
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td><code>-g, --globals</code></td>
+        <td>
+          Suppress all variable declarations at the top-level, effectively adding
+          those variables to the global scope. (Used by the REPL.)
+        </td>
+      </tr>
       <tr>
         <td><code>--install-bundle</code></td>
         <td>
@@ -164,9 +217,10 @@ gem install coffee-script</pre>
     </p>
 
     <pre>
-coffee-script path/to/script.cs
-coffee-script --watch --lint experimental.cs
-coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.cs > concatenation.js</pre>
+coffee path/to/script.coffee
+coffee --interactive
+coffee --watch --lint experimental.coffee
+coffee --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
 
     <h2>Language Reference</h2>
 
@@ -180,22 +234,30 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.cs > concatenation.js</pre>
       </i>
     </p>
 
-    <p id="punctuation">
-      <b class="header">Punctuation Primer</b>
-      You don't need to use semicolons <tt>;</tt> to terminate expressions, ending
-      the line will do just as well. All other whitespace is
-      not significant. Instead of using curly braces <tt>{ }</tt>
-      to delimit a block of code, use a period <tt>.</tt> to mark the end of a
-      block, for 
-      <a href="#functions">functions</a>, 
-      <a href="#conditionals">if-statements</a>, 
-      <a href="#switch">switch</a>, and <a href="#try">try/catch</a>.
+    <p id="whitespace">
+      <b class="header">Significant Whitespace</b>
+      CoffeeScript uses Python-style significant whitespace: You don't need to
+      use semicolons <tt>;</tt> to terminate expressions, ending
+      the line will do just as well. Semicolons can still be used to fit
+      multiple expressions onto a single line. Instead of using curly braces
+      <tt>{ }</tt> to delimit blocks of code (like <a href="#functions">functions</a>,
+      <a href="#conditionals">if-statements</a>,
+      <a href="#switch">switch</a>, and <a href="#try">try/catch</a>),
+      use indentation.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      You can use newlines to break up your expression into smaller pieces,
+      as long as CoffeeScript can tell that the line hasn't finished
+      (similar to how Ruby handles it). For example,
+      if the line ends in an operator, dot, or keyword.
     </p>
 
     <p id="functions">
       <b class="header">Functions and Invocation</b>
-      Functions are defined by a list of parameters, an arrow, and the 
-      function body. The empty function looks like this: <tt>=>.</tt>
+      Functions are defined by a list of parameters, an arrow, and the
+      function body. The empty function looks like this: <tt>=></tt>. All
+      functions in CoffeeScript are named, for the benefit of debug messages.
     </p>
     <%= code_for('functions', 'cube(5)') %>
 
@@ -206,13 +268,18 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.cs > concatenation.js</pre>
       mathy things.
     </p>
     <%= code_for('assignment', 'greeting') %>
+    <p>
+      Declarations of new variables are pushed up to the top of the nearest
+      lexical scope, so that assignment may always be performed within expressions.
+    </p>
 
     <p id="objects_and_arrays">
       <b class="header">Objects and Arrays</b>
       Object and Array literals look very similar to their JavaScript cousins.
       When you spread out each assignment on a separate line, the commas are
       optional. In this way, assigning object properties looks the same as
-      assigning local variables.
+      assigning local variables, and can be moved around freely. You can mix
+      and match the two styles.
     </p>
     <%= code_for('objects_and_arrays', 'song.join(",")') %>
 
@@ -224,25 +291,29 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.cs > concatenation.js</pre>
     </p>
     <%= code_for('scope', 'new_num') %>
     <p>
-      Notice how the variables are declared with <tt>var</tt> the first time
-      they appear. The second reference of <b>num</b>, within the function,
-      is not redeclared because <b>num</b> is still in scope. As opposed
-      to the second occurrence of <b>new_num</b>, in the last line.
+      Notice how the all of the variable declarations have been pushed up to
+      the top of the closest scope, the first time they appear.
+      <b>num</b> is not redeclared within the inner function, because it's
+      already in scope; the <b>new_num</b> within the function, on the other hand,
+      should not be able to change the value of the external variable of the same name, and
+      therefore has a declaration of its own.
     </p>
     <p>
       Although suppressed within this documentation for clarity, all
       CoffeeScript output is wrapped in an anonymous function:
       <tt>(function(){ ... })();</tt> This safety wrapper, combined with the
       automatic generation of the <tt>var</tt> keyword, make it exceedingly difficult
-      to pollute the global namespace by accident.
+      to pollute the global namespace by accident. If you'd like to create
+      global variables, attach them as properties on <b>window</b>,
+      or on the <b>exports</b> object in CommonJS.
     </p>
 
     <p id="conditionals">
       <b class="header">Conditionals, Ternaries, and Conditional Assignment</b>
-      <b>If/else</b> statements can be written without the use of parenthesis and
-      curly brackets. As with functions and other block expressions, conditionals
-      are closed with periods. No period is necessary when using the single-line
-      postfix form, with the <tt>if</tt> at the end.
+      <b>If/else</b> statements can be written without the use of parentheses and
+      curly brackets. As with functions and other block expressions,
+      multi-line conditionals are delimited by indentation. There's also a handy
+      postfix form, with the <tt>if</tt> or <tt>unless</tt> at the end.
     </p>
     <p>
       CoffeeScript will compile <b>if</b> statements using the ternary operator
@@ -250,27 +321,22 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.cs > concatenation.js</pre>
     </p>
     <%= code_for('conditionals') %>
     <p>
-      The conditional assignment operators are available: <tt>||:</tt>,
+      The conditional assignment operators are included: <tt>||=</tt>,
       which only assigns a value to a variable if the variable's current value
-      is falsy, and <tt>&amp;&amp;:</tt>, which only replaces the value of
+      is falsy, and <tt>&amp;&amp;=</tt>, which only replaces the value of
       truthy variables.
     </p>
 
-    <p id="expressions">
-      <b class="header">Everything is an Expression (at least, as much as possible)</b>
-      You might have noticed how even though we don't add return statements
-      to CoffeeScript functions, they nonetheless return their final value.
-      The CoffeeScript compiler tries to make sure that all statements in the
-      language can be used as expressions. Watch how the <tt>return</tt> gets
-      pushed down into each possible branch of execution, in the function
-      below.
+    <p id="existence">
+      <b class="header">The Existence Operator</b>
+      It's a little difficult to check for the existence of a variable in
+      JavaScript. <tt>if (variable) ...</tt> comes close, but fails for zero,
+      the empty string, and false. The existence operator <tt>?</tt> returns true unless
+      a variable is <b>null</b> or <b>undefined</b>, which makes it analogous
+      to Ruby's <tt>nil?</tt>
     </p>
-    <%= code_for('expressions', 'eldest') %>
-    <p>
-      The same mechanism is used to push down assignment through <b>switch</b>
-      statements, and <b>if-elses</b> (although the ternary operator is preferred).
-    </p>
-    
+    <%= code_for('existence') %>
+
     <p id="aliases">
       <b class="header">Aliases</b>
       Because the <tt>==</tt> operator frequently causes undesirable coercion,
@@ -278,7 +344,7 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.cs > concatenation.js</pre>
       CoffeeScript compiles <tt>==</tt> into <tt>===</tt>, and <tt>!=</tt> into
       <tt>!==</tt>.
       In addition, <tt>is</tt> compiles into <tt>===</tt>,
-      and <tt>aint</tt> into <tt>!==</tt>.
+      and <tt>isnt</tt> into <tt>!==</tt>.
     </p>
     <p>
       You can use <tt>not</tt> as an alias for <tt>!</tt>.
@@ -289,7 +355,7 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.cs > concatenation.js</pre>
     </p>
     <p>
       Instead of a newline or semicolon, <tt>then</tt> can be used to separate
-      conditions from expressions, in <b>while</b>, 
+      conditions from expressions, in <b>while</b>,
       <b>if</b>/<b>else</b>, and <b>switch</b>/<b>when</b> statements.
     </p>
     <p>
@@ -301,6 +367,24 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.cs > concatenation.js</pre>
     </p>
     <%= code_for('aliases') %>
 
+    <p id="splats">
+      <b class="header">Splats...</b>
+      The JavaScript <b>arguments object</b> is a useful way to work with
+      functions that accept variable numbers of arguments. CoffeeScript provides
+      splats <tt>...</tt>, both for function definition as well as invocation,
+      making variable arguments a little bit more palatable.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('splats', true) %>
+
+    <p id="arguments">
+      <b class="header">Arguments are Arrays</b>
+      If you reference the <b>arguments object</b> directly, it will be converted
+      into a real Array, making all of the
+      <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Core_JavaScript_1.5_Reference/Objects/Array">Array methods</a>
+      available.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('arguments', true) %>
+
     <p id="while">
       <b class="header">While Loops</b>
       The only low-level loop that CoffeeScript provides is the while loop.
@@ -313,8 +397,8 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.cs > concatenation.js</pre>
       <b>each</b> (<b>forEach</b>) style iterators, or...
     </p>
 
-    <p id="array_comprehensions">
-      <b class="header">Array Comprehensions</b>
+    <p id="comprehensions">
+      <b class="header">Comprehensions (Arrays, Objects, and Ranges)</b>
       For your looping needs, CoffeeScript provides array comprehensions
       similar to Python's. They replace (and compile into) <b>for</b> loops, with
       optional guard clauses and the value of the current array index.
@@ -323,14 +407,68 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.cs > concatenation.js</pre>
       would use a loop, <b>each</b>/<b>forEach</b>, <b>map</b>, or <b>select</b>/<b>filter</b>.
     </p>
     <%= code_for('array_comprehensions') %>
-
-    <p id="slice">
-      <b class="header">Array Slice Literals</b>
-      CoffeeScript includes syntax for extracting slices of arrays.
-      The first argument is the index of the first element in the slice, and
-      the second is the index of the last one.
+    <p>
+      If you know the start and end of your loop, or would like to step through
+      in fixed-size increments, you can use a range to specify the start and
+      end of your comprehension. (The long line-breaking "for" definitions in
+      the compiled JS below allow ranges to count downwards, as well as upwards).
     </p>
-    <%= code_for('slices', 'three_to_six') %>
+    <%= code_for('range_comprehensions', 'countdown') %>
+    <p>
+      Comprehensions can also be used to iterate over the keys and values in
+      an object. Use <tt>of</tt> to signal comprehension over the properties of
+      an object instead of the values in an array.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('object_comprehensions', 'ages.join(", ")') %>
+
+    <p id="slice_splice">
+      <b class="header">Array Slicing and Splicing with Ranges</b>
+      CoffeeScript borrows Ruby's
+      <a href="http://ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Range.html">range syntax</a>
+      for extracting slices of arrays. With two dots (<tt>3..5</tt>), the range
+      is inclusive: the first argument is the index of the first element in
+      the slice, and the second is the index of the last one. Three dots signify
+      a range that excludes the end.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('slices', 'numbers_copy') %>
+    <p>
+      The same syntax can be used with assignment to replace a segment of an
+      array with new values (to splice it).
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('splices', 'numbers') %>
+
+    <p id="expressions">
+      <b class="header">Everything is an Expression (at least, as much as possible)</b>
+      You might have noticed how even though we don't add return statements
+      to CoffeeScript functions, they nonetheless return their final value.
+      The CoffeeScript compiler tries to make sure that all statements in the
+      language can be used as expressions. Watch how the <tt>return</tt> gets
+      pushed down into each possible branch of execution, in the function
+      below.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('expressions', 'eldest') %>
+    <p>
+      Even though functions will always return their final value, it's both possible
+      and encouraged to return early from a function body writing out the explicit
+      return (<tt>return value</tt>), when you know that you're done.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Because variable declarations occur at the top of scope, assignment can
+      be used within expressions, even for variables that haven't been seen before:
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('expressions_assignment', 'six') %>
+    <p>
+      Things that would otherwise be statements in JavaScript, when used
+      as part of an expression in CoffeeScript, are converted into expressions
+      by wrapping them in a closure. This lets you do useful things, like assign
+      the result of a comprehension to a variable:
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('expressions_comprehension', 'globals') %>
+    <p>
+      As well as silly things, like passing a <b>try/catch</b> statement directly
+      into a function call:
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('expressions_try', true) %>
 
     <p id="inheritance">
       <b class="header">Inheritance, and Calling Super from a Subclass</b>
@@ -344,17 +482,57 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.cs > concatenation.js</pre>
       be completely usable if it weren't for a couple of small exceptions:
       it's awkward to call <b>super</b> (the prototype object's
       implementation of the current function), and it's awkward to correctly
-      set the prototype chain. CoffeeScript provides <tt>extends</tt>
-      to help with prototype setup, and converts
-      <tt>super()</tt> calls into calls against the immediate ancestor's
-      method of the same name.
+      set the prototype chain.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      CoffeeScript provides <tt>extends</tt>
+      to help with prototype setup, <tt>::</tt> for quick access to an
+      object's prototype, and converts <tt>super()</tt> into a call against
+      the immediate ancestor's method of the same name.
     </p>
     <%= code_for('super', true) %>
 
+    <p id="blocks">
+      <b class="header">Blocks</b>
+      Many common looping functions (in Prototype, jQuery, and Underscore,
+      for example) take a single function as their final argument. To make
+      final functions easier to pass, CoffeeScript includes block syntax,
+      so you don't have to close the parentheses on the other side.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('blocks') %>
+    <p>
+      If you prefer not to use blocks, you'll need to add a pair of parentheses
+      to help distinguish the arguments from the definition of the function:
+      <tt>_.map(array, (num => num * 2))</tt>
+    </p>
+
+    <p id="pattern_matching">
+      <b class="header">Pattern Matching (Destructuring Assignment)</b>
+      To make extracting values from complex arrays and objects more convenient,
+      CoffeeScript implements ECMAScript Harmony's proposed
+      <a href="http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:destructuring">destructuring assignment</a>
+      syntax. When you assign an array or object literal to a value, CoffeeScript
+      breaks up and matches both sides against each other, assigning the values
+      on the right to the variables on the left. In the simplest case, it can be
+      used for parallel assignment:
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('parallel_assignment', 'bait') %>
+    <p>
+      But it's also helpful for dealing with functions that return multiple
+      values.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('multiple_return_values', 'forecast') %>
+    <p>
+      Pattern matching can be used with any depth of array and object nesting,
+      to help pull out deeply nested properties.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('object_extraction', 'poet + " — " + street') %>
+
     <p id="embedded">
       <b class="header">Embedded JavaScript</b>
-      If you ever need to interpolate literal JavaScript snippets, you can
-      use backticks to pass JavaScript straight through.
+      Hopefully, you'll never need to use it, but if you ever need to intersperse
+      snippets of JavaScript within your CoffeeScript, you can
+      use backticks to pass it straight through.
     </p>
     <%= code_for('embedded', 'hi()') %>
 
@@ -377,34 +555,61 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.cs > concatenation.js</pre>
     </p>
     <%= code_for('try') %>
 
-    <p id="try">
-      <b class="header">Multiline Strings</b>
+    <p id="strings">
+      <b class="header">Multiline Strings and Heredocs</b>
       Multiline strings are allowed in CoffeeScript.
     </p>
     <%= code_for('strings', 'moby_dick') %>
-    
-    <h2 id="contributing">Contributing</h2>
-    
     <p>
-      Here's a wish list of things that would be wonderful to have in
-      CoffeeScript:
+      Heredocs can be used to hold formatted or indentation-sensitive text
+      (or, if you just don't feel like escaping quotes and apostrophes). The
+      indentation level that begins the heredoc is maintained throughout, so
+      you can keep it all aligned with the body of your code.
     </p>
-    
+    <%= code_for('heredocs') %>
+
+    <h2 id="resources">Resources</h2>
+
     <ul>
       <li>
-        A JavaScript version of the compiler, perhaps using Alessandro Warth's
-        <a href="http://tinlizzie.org/ometa/">OMeta</a>.
+        <a href="http://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script/">Source Code</a><br />
+        After checking out the source, make sure to run <tt>rake build:parser</tt>
+        to generate an up-to-date version of the Racc parser.
+        Use <tt>bin/coffee</tt> to test your changes,
+        <tt>rake test</tt> to run the test suite,
+        and <tt>rake gem:install</tt> to
+        create and install a custom version of the gem.
       </li>
       <li>
-        Ideas for alternate syntax to end blocks of expressions &mdash; the periods
-        can look a little weird with deeply nested structure.
+        <a href="http://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script/issues">Bugs, Feature Requests, and General Discussion</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="http://github.com/jnicklas/bistro_car">BistroCar</a><br />
+        A Rails plugin by
+        <a href="http://github.com/jnicklas">Jonas Nicklas</a>
+        that includes CoffeeScript helpers,
+        bundling and minification.
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <h2 id="contributing">Contributing</h2>
+
+    <p>
+      Here's a wish list of things that would be wonderful to have contributed:
+    </p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        <a href="http://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script/issues#issue/8">
+          A CoffeeScript version of the compiler.
+        </a>
       </li>
       <li>
         Test cases for any syntax errors you encounter that you think CoffeeScript
         should be able to compile properly.
       </li>
       <li>
-        A tutorial that introduces CoffeeScript from the ground up for folks 
+        A tutorial that introduces CoffeeScript from the ground up for folks
         without knowledge of JavaScript.
       </li>
       <li>
@@ -412,31 +617,122 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.cs > concatenation.js</pre>
         having a JavaScript version of the compiler).
       </li>
       <li>
-        A lot of the code generation in <tt>nodes.rb</tt> gets into messy 
+        A lot of the code generation in <tt>nodes.rb</tt> gets into messy
         string manipulation. Techniques for cleaning this up across the board
         would be appreciated.
       </li>
     </ul>
-    
+
     <h2 id="change_log">Change Log</h2>
     
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.4</b>
+      Added ECMAScript Harmony style destructuring assignment, for dealing with
+      extracting values from nested arrays and objects. Added indentation-sensitive
+      heredocs for nicely formatted strings or chunks of code.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.3</b>
+      Axed the unsatisfactory <tt>ino</tt> keyword, replacing it with <tt>of</tt> for
+      object comprehensions. They now look like: <tt>for prop, value of object</tt>.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.2</b>
+      When performing a comprehension over an object, use <tt>ino</tt>, instead
+      of <tt>in</tt>, which helps us generate smaller, more efficient code at
+      compile time.
+      <br />
+      Added <tt>::</tt> as a shorthand for saying <tt>.prototype.</tt>
+      <br />
+      The "splat" symbol has been changed from a prefix asterisk <tt>*</tt>, to
+      a postfix ellipsis <tt>...</tt>
+      <br />
+      Added JavaScript's <tt>in</tt> operator,
+      empty <tt>return</tt> statements, and empty <tt>while</tt> loops.
+      <br />
+      Constructor functions that start with capital letters now include a
+      safety check to make sure that the new instance of the object is returned.
+      <br />
+      The <tt>extends</tt> keyword now functions identically to <tt>goog.inherits</tt>
+      in Google's Closure Library.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.1</b>
+      Arguments objects are now converted into real arrays when referenced.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.0</b>
+      Major release. Significant whitespace. Better statement-to-expression
+      conversion. Splats. Splice literals. Object comprehensions. Blocks.
+      The existence operator. Many thanks to all the folks who posted issues,
+      with special thanks to
+      <a href="http://github.com/kamatsu">Liam O'Connor-Davis</a> for whitespace
+      and expression help.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.1.6</b>
+      Bugfix for running <tt>coffee --interactive</tt> and <tt>--run</tt>
+      from outside of the CoffeeScript directory. Bugfix for nested
+      function/if-statements.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.1.5</b>
+      Array slice literals and array comprehensions can now both take Ruby-style
+      ranges to specify the start and end. JavaScript variable declaration is
+      now pushed up to the top of the scope, making all assignment statements into
+      expressions. You can use <tt>\</tt> to escape newlines.
+      The <tt>coffee-script</tt> command is now called <tt>coffee</tt>.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.1.4</b>
+      The official CoffeeScript extension is now <tt>.coffee</tt> instead of
+      <tt>.cs</tt>, which properly belongs to
+      <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)">C#</a>.
+      Due to popular demand, you can now also use <tt>=</tt> to assign. Unlike
+      JavaScript, <tt>=</tt> can also be used within object literals, interchangeably
+      with <tt>:</tt>. Made a grammatical fix for chained function calls
+      like <tt>func(1)(2)(3)(4)</tt>. Inheritance and super no longer use
+      <tt>__proto__</tt>, so they should be IE-compatible now.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.1.3</b>
+      The <tt>coffee</tt> command now includes <tt>--interactive</tt>,
+      which launches an interactive CoffeeScript session, and <tt>--run</tt>,
+      which directly compiles and executes a script. Both options depend on a
+      working installation of Narwhal.
+      The <tt>aint</tt> keyword has been replaced by <tt>isnt</tt>, which goes
+      together a little smoother with <tt>is</tt>.
+      Quoted strings are now allowed as identifiers within object literals: eg.
+      <tt>{"5+5": 10}</tt>.
+      All assignment operators now use a colon: <tt>+:</tt>, <tt>-:</tt>,
+      <tt>*:</tt>, etc.
+    </p>
+
     <p>
       <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.1.2</b>
-      Fixed a bug with calling <tt>super()</tt> through more than one level of 
+      Fixed a bug with calling <tt>super()</tt> through more than one level of
       inheritance, with the re-addition of the <tt>extends</tt> keyword.
-      Added experimental <a href="http://narwhaljs.org/">Narwhal</a> 
-      support (as a Tusk package), contributed by 
+      Added experimental <a href="http://narwhaljs.org/">Narwhal</a>
+      support (as a Tusk package), contributed by
       <a href="http://tlrobinson.net/">Tom Robinson</a>, including
       <b>bin/cs</b> as a CoffeeScript REPL and interpreter.
       New <tt>--no-wrap</tt> option to suppress the safety function
       wrapper.
     </p>
-    
+
     <p>
       <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.1.1</b>
       Added <tt>instanceof</tt> and <tt>typeof</tt> as operators.
     </p>
-    
+
     <p>
       <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.1.0</b>
       Initial CoffeeScript release.

documentation/js/aliases.js

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 (function(){
+  var volume;
   if (ignition === true) {
     launch();
   }
-  var volume;
   if (band !== spinal_tap) {
     volume = 10;
   }

documentation/js/arguments.js

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(function(){
+  var backwards;
+  backwards = function backwards() {
+    return alert(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0).reverse());
+  };
+  backwards("stairway", "to", "heaven");
+})();

documentation/js/array_comprehensions.js

@@ -1,19 +1,26 @@
 (function(){
-
+  var __a, __b, __c, __d, __e, __f, __g, food, lunch, roid, roid2;
   // Eat lunch.
-  var lunch;
-  var a = ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine'];
-  var d = [];
-  for (var b=0, c=a.length; b<c; b++) {
-    var food = a[b];
-    d[b] = food.eat();
-  }
-  lunch = d;
-  // Zebra-stripe a table.
-  var e = table;
-  for (var f=0, g=e.length; f<g; f++) {
-    var row = e[f];
-    var i = f;
-    i % 2 === 0 ? highlight(row) : null;
+  lunch = (function() {
+    __a = []; __b = ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine'];
+    for (__c=0; __c<__b.length; __c++) {
+      food = __b[__c];
+      __a.push(eat(food));
+    }
+    return __a;
+  })();
+  // Naive collision detection.
+  __d = asteroids;
+  for (__e=0; __e<__d.length; __e++) {
+    roid = __d[__e];
+    __f = asteroids;
+    for (__g=0; __g<__f.length; __g++) {
+      roid2 = __f[__g];
+      if (roid !== roid2) {
+        if (roid.overlaps(roid2)) {
+          roid.explode();
+        }
+      }
+    }
   }
 })();

documentation/js/assignment.js

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 (function(){
-  var greeting = "Hello CoffeeScript";
-  var difficulty = 0.5;
+  var difficulty, greeting;
+  greeting = "Hello CoffeeScript";
+  difficulty = 0.5;
 })();

documentation/js/blocks.js

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+(function(){
+  $('table.list').each(function(table) {
+    return $('tr.account', table).each(function(row) {
+      row.show();
+      return row.highlight();
+    });
+  });
+})();

documentation/js/conditionals.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 (function(){
-  var mood;
+  var date, mood;
   if (singing) {
     mood = greatly_improved;
   }
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
     claps_hands();
     cha_cha_cha();
   }
-  var date = friday ? sue : jill;
+  date = friday ? sue : jill;
   expensive = expensive || do_the_math();
 })();

documentation/js/embedded.js

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 (function(){
-  var hi = function() {
+  var hi;
+  hi = function() {
   return [document.title, "Hello JavaScript"].join(": ");
 };
 })();

documentation/js/existence.js

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+(function(){
+  var solipsism;
+  if ((typeof mind !== "undefined" && mind !== null) && !(typeof world !== "undefined" && world !== null)) {
+    solipsism = true;
+  }
+})();

documentation/js/expressions.js

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 (function(){
-  var grade = function(student) {
+  var eldest, grade;
+  grade = function grade(student) {
     if (student.excellent_work) {
       return "A+";
     } else if (student.okay_stuff) {
@@ -8,5 +9,5 @@
       return "C";
     }
   };
-  var eldest = 24 > 21 ? "Liz" : "Ike";
+  eldest = 24 > 21 ? "Liz" : "Ike";
 })();

documentation/js/expressions_assignment.js

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+(function(){
+  var one, six, three, two;
+  six = (one = 1) + (two = 2) + (three = 3);
+})();

documentation/js/expressions_comprehension.js

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+(function(){
+  var __a, __b, globals, name;
+  // The first ten global properties.
+  globals = ((function() {
+    __a = []; __b = window;
+    for (name in __b) {
+      if (__b.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        __a.push(name);
+      }
+    }
+    return __a;
+  })()).slice(0, 10);
+})();

documentation/js/expressions_try.js

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+(function(){
+  alert((function() {
+    try {
+      return nonexistent / undefined;
+    } catch (error) {
+      return "Caught an error: " + error;
+    }
+  })());
+})();

documentation/js/functions.js

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 (function(){
-  var square = function(x) {
+  var cube, square;
+  square = function square(x) {
     return x * x;
   };
-  var cube = function(x) {
+  cube = function cube(x) {
     return square(x) * x;
   };
 })();

documentation/js/heredocs.js

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+(function(){
+  var html;
+  html = "<strong>\n  cup of coffeescript\n</strong>";
+})();

documentation/js/multiple_return_values.js

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+(function(){
+  var __a, city, forecast, temp, weather_report;
+  weather_report = function weather_report(location) {
+    // Make an Ajax request to fetch the weather...
+    return [location, 72, "Mostly Sunny"];
+  };
+  __a = weather_report("Berkeley, CA");
+  city = __a[0];
+  temp = __a[1];
+  forecast = __a[2];
+})();

documentation/js/object_comprehensions.js

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+(function(){
+  var __a, __b, age, ages, child, years_old;
+  years_old = {
+    max: 10,
+    ida: 9,
+    tim: 11
+  };
+  ages = (function() {
+    __a = []; __b = years_old;
+    for (child in __b) {
+      age = __b[child];
+      if (__b.hasOwnProperty(child)) {
+        __a.push(child + " is " + age);
+      }
+    }
+    return __a;
+  })();
+})();

documentation/js/object_extraction.js

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+(function(){
+  var __a, __b, __c, city, futurists, poet, street;
+  futurists = {
+    sculptor: "Umberto Boccioni",
+    painter: "Vladimir Burliuk",
+    poet: {
+      name: "F.T. Marinetti",
+      address: ["Via Roma 42R", "Bellagio, Italy 22021"]
+    }
+  };
+  __a = futurists;
+  __b = __a.poet;
+  poet = __b.name;
+  __c = __b.address;
+  street = __c[0];
+  city = __c[1];
+})();

documentation/js/objects_and_arrays.js

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 (function(){
-  var song = ["do", "re", "mi", "fa", "so"];
-  var ages = {
+  var ages, matrix, song;
+  song = ["do", "re", "mi", "fa", "so"];
+  ages = {
     max: 10,
     ida: 9,
     tim: 11
   };
+  matrix = [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0];
 })();

documentation/js/overview.js

@@ -1,33 +1,43 @@
 (function(){
-
+  var __a, __b, __c, cubed_list, list, math, num, number, opposite_day, race, square;
   // Assignment:
-  var number = 42;
-  var opposite_day = true;
+  number = 42;
+  opposite_day = true;
   // Conditions:
   if (opposite_day) {
     number = -42;
   }
   // Functions:
-  var square = function(x) {
+  square = function square(x) {
     return x * x;
   };
   // Arrays:
-  var list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+  list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
   // Objects:
-  var math = {
+  math = {
     root: Math.sqrt,
     square: square,
-    cube: function(x) {
+    cube: function cube(x) {
       return x * square(x);
     }
   };
-  // Array comprehensions:
-  var cubed_list;
-  var a = list;
-  var d = [];
-  for (var b=0, c=a.length; b<c; b++) {
-    var num = a[b];
-    d[b] = math.cube(num);
+  // Splats:
+  race = function race(winner) {
+    var runners;
+    runners = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+    return print(winner, runners);
+  };
+  // Existence:
+  if ((typeof elvis !== "undefined" && elvis !== null)) {
+    alert("I knew it!");
   }
-  cubed_list = d;
+  // Array comprehensions:
+  cubed_list = (function() {
+    __a = []; __b = list;
+    for (__c=0; __c<__b.length; __c++) {
+      num = __b[__c];
+      __a.push(math.cube(num));
+    }
+    return __a;
+  })();
 })();

documentation/js/parallel_assignment.js

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+(function(){
+  var __a, and_switch, bait;
+  bait = 1000;
+  and_switch = 0;
+  __a = [and_switch, bait];
+  bait = __a[0];
+  and_switch = __a[1];
+})();

documentation/js/range_comprehensions.js

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+(function(){
+  var __a, __b, __c, __d, __e, countdown, egg_delivery, num;
+  countdown = (function() {
+    __a = []; __d = 10; __e = 1;
+    for (__c=0, num=__d; (__d <= __e ? num <= __e : num >= __e); (__d <= __e ? num += 1 : num -= 1), __c++) {
+      __a.push(num);
+    }
+    return __a;
+  })();
+  egg_delivery = function egg_delivery() {
+    var __f, __g, __h, __i, __j, dozen_eggs, i;
+    __f = []; __i = 0; __j = eggs.length;
+    for (__h=0, i=__i; (__i <= __j ? i < __j : i > __j); (__i <= __j ? i += 12 : i -= 12), __h++) {
+      __f.push((function() {
+        dozen_eggs = eggs.slice(i, i + 12);
+        return deliver(new egg_carton(dozen));
+      })());
+    }
+    return __f;
+  };
+})();

documentation/js/scope.js

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 (function(){
-  var num = 1;
-  var change_numbers = function() {
-    num = 2;
-    var new_num = 3;
-    return new_num;
+  var change_numbers, new_num, num;
+  num = 1;
+  change_numbers = function change_numbers() {
+    var new_num;
+    new_num = -1;
+    return num = 10;
   };
-  var new_num = change_numbers();
+  new_num = change_numbers();
 })();

documentation/js/slices.js

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 (function(){
-  var nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
-  var three_to_six = nums.slice(3, 6 + 1);
+  var numbers, numbers_copy, three_to_six;
+  numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
+  three_to_six = numbers.slice(3, 6 + 1);
+  numbers_copy = numbers.slice(0, numbers.length);
 })();

documentation/js/splats.js

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+(function(){
+  var contenders, gold, medalists, silver, the_field;
+  gold = silver = the_field = "unknown";
+  medalists = function medalists(first, second) {
+    var rest;
+    rest = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
+    gold = first;
+    silver = second;
+    return the_field = rest;
+  };
+  contenders = ["Michael Phelps", "Liu Xiang", "Yao Ming", "Allyson Felix", "Shawn Johnson", "Roman Sebrle", "Guo Jingjing", "Tyson Gay", "Asafa Powell", "Usain Bolt"];
+  medalists.apply(this, contenders);
+  alert("Gold: " + gold);
+  alert("Silver: " + silver);
+  alert("The Field: " + the_field);
+})();

documentation/js/splices.js

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+(function(){
+  var numbers;
+  numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
+  numbers.splice.apply(numbers, [3, 6 - 3 + 1].concat([-3, -4, -5, -6]));
+})();

documentation/js/strings.js

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 (function(){
-  var moby_dick = "Call me Ishmael. Some years ago -- \
+  var moby_dick;
+  moby_dick = "Call me Ishmael. Some years ago -- \
 never mind how long precisely -- having little \
 or no money in my purse, and nothing particular \
 to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail \

documentation/js/super.js

@@ -1,29 +1,40 @@
 (function(){
-  var Animal = function() {
+  var Animal, Horse, Snake, __a, __b, sam, tom;
+  Animal = function Animal() {
   };
-  Animal.prototype.move = function(meters) {
+  Animal.prototype.move = function move(meters) {
     return alert(this.name + " moved " + meters + "m.");
   };
-  var Snake = function(name) {
-    this.name = name;
-    return this.name;
+  Snake = function Snake(name) {
+    var __a;
+    __a = this.name = name;
+    return Snake === this.constructor ? this : __a;
   };
-  Snake.prototype.__proto__ = new Animal();
-  Snake.prototype.move = function() {
+  __a = function(){};
+  __a.prototype = Animal.prototype;
+  Snake.__superClass__ = Animal.prototype;
+  Snake.prototype = new __a();
+  Snake.prototype.constructor = Snake;
+  Snake.prototype.move = function move() {
     alert("Slithering...");
-    return Snake.prototype.__proto__.move.call(this, 5);
+    return Snake.__superClass__.move.call(this, 5);
   };
-  var Horse = function(name) {
-    this.name = name;
-    return this.name;
+  Horse = function Horse(name) {
+    var __b;
+    __b = this.name = name;
+    return Horse === this.constructor ? this : __b;
   };
-  Horse.prototype.__proto__ = new Animal();
-  Horse.prototype.move = function() {
+  __b = function(){};
+  __b.prototype = Animal.prototype;
+  Horse.__superClass__ = Animal.prototype;
+  Horse.prototype = new __b();
+  Horse.prototype.constructor = Horse;
+  Horse.prototype.move = function move() {
     alert("Galloping...");
-    return Horse.prototype.__proto__.move.call(this, 45);
+    return Horse.__superClass__.move.call(this, 45);
   };
-  var sam = new Snake("Sammy the Python");
-  var tom = new Horse("Tommy the Palomino");
+  sam = new Snake("Sammy the Python");
+  tom = new Horse("Tommy the Palomino");
   sam.move();
   tom.move();
 })();

documentation/speed.html

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
+  <title>Quickie CoffeeScript Speed Tests</title>
+  <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.broofa.com/Tools/JSLitmus/JSLitmus.js"></script>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+  <h1>Quickie CoffeeScript Speed Tests</h1>
+
+  <script type="text/javascript">
+    var num = 1000;
+    var arr = [];
+    while (num--) arr.push(num);
+
+    JSLitmus.test('current comprehensions', function() {
+      __a = arr;
+      __c = [];
+      for (__b in __a) {
+        if (__a.hasOwnProperty(__b)) {
+          num = __a[__b];
+          __d = num;
+          __c.push(num);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    JSLitmus.test('raw for loop (best we can do)', function() {
+      __a = arr;
+      __c = new Array(__a.length);
+      for (__b=0; __b < __a.length; __b++) {
+        __c[__b] = __a[__b];
+      }
+    });
+
+    JSLitmus.test('current without hasOwnProperty check', function() {
+      __a = arr;
+      __c = [];
+      for (__b in __a) {
+        num = __a[__b];
+        __d = num;
+        __c.push(num);
+      }
+    });
+
+    JSLitmus.test('raw for..in loop', function() {
+      __a = arr;
+      __c = new Array(__a.length);
+      for (__b in __a) {
+        __c[__b] = __a[__b];
+      }
+    });
+
+    JSLitmus.test('weepy\'s comprehensions', function() {
+      __c = []; __a = arr;
+      __d = function(num, __b) {
+        __c.push(num);
+      };
+      if (__a instanceof Array) {
+        for (__b=0; __b<__a.length; __b++) __d(__a[__b], __b);
+      } else {
+        for (__b in __a) { if (__a.hasOwnProperty(__b)) __d(__a[__b], __b); }
+      }
+    });
+
+    JSLitmus.test('CoffeeScript 0.2.2 comprehensions', function() {
+      __c = []; __a = arr;
+      for (__b=0; __b<__a.length; __b++) {
+        num = __a[__b];
+        __c.push(num);
+      }
+    });
+  </script>
+
+</body>
+</html>

documentation/underscore.html

@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
+
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen,projection,print" href="css/idle.css" />
+  <title>Underscore.coffee</title>
+  <style type="text/css">
+    body {
+      margin: 0; padding: 0;
+    }
+    pre.idle {
+      font-family: "Monaco", "Consolas", monospace;
+      font-size: 12px;
+    }
+  </style>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+<pre class="idle"><span class="line-numbers">   1 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">   2 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Underscore.coffee</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">   3 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> (c) 2009 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">   4 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Underscore is freely distributable under the terms of the MIT license.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">   5 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Portions of Underscore are inspired by or borrowed from Prototype.js,</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">   6 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Oliver Steele's Functional, and John Resig's Micro-Templating.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">   7 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> For all details and documentation:</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">   8 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">   9 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  10 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  11 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> ------------------------- Baseline setup ---------------------------------</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  12 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  13 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Establish the root object, &quot;window&quot; in the browser, or &quot;global&quot; on the server.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  14 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">root</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Variable">this</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  15 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  16 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  17 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Save the previous value of the &quot;_&quot; variable.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  18 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">previousUnderscore</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> root._
+<span class="line-numbers">  19 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  20 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  21 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> If Underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  22 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> can be used OO-style. This wrapper holds altered versions of all the</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  23 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> underscore functions. Wrapped objects may be chained.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  24 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  wrapper: obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  25 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">this._wrapped</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> obj
+<span class="line-numbers">  26 </span>     <span class="Variable">this</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  27 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  28 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  29 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Establish the object that gets thrown to break out of a loop iteration.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  30 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">breaker</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="Keyword">typeof</span>(StopIteration) <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>undefined<span class="String">'</span></span> <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>__break__<span class="String">'</span></span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> StopIteration
+<span class="line-numbers">  31 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  32 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  33 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Create a safe reference to the Underscore object forreference below.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  34 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _: root._: obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">new</span> <span class="TypeName">wrapper</span>(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers">  35 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  36 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  37 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Export the Underscore object for CommonJS.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  38 </span>   <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="Keyword">typeof</span>(exports) <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">=</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>undefined<span class="String">'</span></span> <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="FunctionName">exports._</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _
+<span class="line-numbers">  39 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  40 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  41 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  42 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">slice</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>                Array<span class="Keyword">:</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>slice
+<span class="line-numbers">  43 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">unshift</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>              Array<span class="Keyword">:</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>unshift
+<span class="line-numbers">  44 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">toString</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>             Object<span class="Keyword">:</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>toString
+<span class="line-numbers">  45 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">hasOwnProperty</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>       Object<span class="Keyword">:</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>hasOwnProperty
+<span class="line-numbers">  46 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">propertyIsEnumerable</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> Object<span class="Keyword">:</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>propertyIsEnumerable
+<span class="line-numbers">  47 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  48 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  49 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Current version.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  50 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.VERSION</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>0.5.5<span class="String">'</span></span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  51 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  52 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  53 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> ------------------------ Collection Functions: ---------------------------</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  54 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  55 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> The cornerstone, an each implementation.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  56 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Handles objects implementing forEach, arrays, and raw objects.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  57 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.each: obj, iterator, context </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  58 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">index</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  59 </span>     <span class="Keyword">try</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  60 </span>       <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.forEach(iterator, context) <span class="Keyword">if</span> obj.forEach
+<span class="line-numbers">  61 </span>       <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isArray(obj) <span class="Keyword">or</span> _.isArguments(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers">  62 </span>         <span class="Keyword">return</span> iterator.call(context, obj[i], i, obj) <span class="Keyword">for</span> i <span class="Keyword">in</span> [<span class="Number">0</span>...obj.length]
+<span class="line-numbers">  63 </span>       iterator.call(context, val, key, obj) <span class="Keyword">for</span> key, val <span class="Keyword">of</span> obj
+<span class="line-numbers">  64 </span>     <span class="Keyword">catch</span> e
+<span class="line-numbers">  65 </span>       <span class="Keyword">throw</span> e <span class="Keyword">if</span> e <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> breaker
+<span class="line-numbers">  66 </span>     obj
+<span class="line-numbers">  67 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  68 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  69 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return the results of applying the iterator to each element. Use JavaScript</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  70 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> 1.6's version of map, if possible.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  71 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.map: obj, iterator, context </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  72 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.map(iterator, context) <span class="Keyword">if</span> (obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.map))
+<span class="line-numbers">  73 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">results</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> []
+<span class="line-numbers">  74 </span>     _.each(obj)<span class="FunctionArgument"> value, index, list </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  75 </span>       results.push(iterator.call(context, value, index, list))
+<span class="line-numbers">  76 </span>     results
+<span class="line-numbers">  77 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  78 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  79 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Reduce builds up a single result from a list of values. Also known as</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  80 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> inject, or foldl. Uses JavaScript 1.8's version of reduce, if possible.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  81 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.reduce: obj, memo, iterator, context </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  82 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.reduce(_.bind(iterator, context), memo) <span class="Keyword">if</span> (obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.reduce))
+<span class="line-numbers">  83 </span>     _.each(obj)<span class="FunctionArgument"> value, index, list </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  84 </span>       <span class="FunctionName">memo</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> iterator.call(context, memo, value, index, list)
+<span class="line-numbers">  85 </span>     memo
+<span class="line-numbers">  86 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  87 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  88 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> The right-associative version of reduce, also known as foldr. Uses</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  89 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> JavaScript 1.8's version of reduceRight, if available.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  90 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.reduceRight: obj, memo, iterator, context </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  91 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.reduceRight(_.bind(iterator, context), memo) <span class="Keyword">if</span> (obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.reduceRight))
+<span class="line-numbers">  92 </span>     _.each(_.clone(_.toArray(obj)).reverse())<span class="FunctionArgument"> value, index </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  93 </span>       <span class="FunctionName">memo</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> iterator.call(context, memo, value, index, obj)
+<span class="line-numbers">  94 </span>     memo
+<span class="line-numbers">  95 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  96 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  97 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return the first value which passes a truth test.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  98 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.detect: obj, iterator, context </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  99 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">null</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 100 </span>     _.each(obj)<span class="FunctionArgument"> value, index, list </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 101 </span>       <span class="Keyword">if</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 102 </span>         <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> value
+<span class="line-numbers"> 103 </span>         _.breakLoop()
+<span class="line-numbers"> 104 </span>     result
+<span class="line-numbers"> 105 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 106 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 107 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return all the elements that pass a truth test. Use JavaScript 1.6's</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 108 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> filter(), if it exists.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 109 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.select: obj, iterator, context </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 110 </span>     <span class="Keyword">if</span> obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.filter) <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.filter(iterator, context)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 111 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">results</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> []
+<span class="line-numbers"> 112 </span>     _.each(obj)<span class="FunctionArgument"> value, index, list </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 113 </span>       results.push(value) <span class="Keyword">if</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 114 </span>     results
+<span class="line-numbers"> 115 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 116 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 117 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return all the elements for which a truth test fails.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 118 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.reject: obj, iterator, context </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 119 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">results</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> []
+<span class="line-numbers"> 120 </span>     _.each(obj)<span class="FunctionArgument"> value, index, list </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 121 </span>       results.push(value) <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 122 </span>     results
+<span class="line-numbers"> 123 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 124 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 125 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Determine whether all of the elements match a truth test. Delegate to</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 126 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> JavaScript 1.6's every(), if it is present.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 127 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.all: obj, iterator, context </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 128 </span>     iterator <span class="Keyword">||</span><span class="Keyword">=</span> _.identity
+<span class="line-numbers"> 129 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.every(iterator, context) <span class="Keyword">if</span> obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.every)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 130 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 131 </span>     _.each(obj)<span class="FunctionArgument"> value, index, list </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 132 </span>       _.breakLoop() <span class="Keyword">unless</span> (<span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> result <span class="Keyword">and</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 133 </span>     result
+<span class="line-numbers"> 134 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 135 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 136 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Determine if at least one element in the object matches a truth test. Use</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 137 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> JavaScript 1.6's some(), if it exists.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 138 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.any: obj, iterator, context </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 139 </span>     iterator <span class="Keyword">||</span><span class="Keyword">=</span> _.identity
+<span class="line-numbers"> 140 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.some(iterator, context) <span class="Keyword">if</span> obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.some)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 141 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 142 </span>     _.each(obj)<span class="FunctionArgument"> value, index, list </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 143 </span>       _.breakLoop() <span class="Keyword">if</span> (<span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 144 </span>     result
+<span class="line-numbers"> 145 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 146 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 147 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Determine if a given value is included in the array or object,</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 148 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> based on '==='.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 149 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.include: obj, target </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 150 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> _.indexOf(obj, target) <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> <span class="Keyword">-</span><span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isArray(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 151 </span>     <span class="Keyword">for</span> key, val <span class="Keyword">of</span> obj
+<span class="line-numbers"> 152 </span>       <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> val <span class="Keyword">is</span> target
+<span class="line-numbers"> 153 </span>     <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 154 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 155 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 156 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Invoke a method with arguments on every item in a collection.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 157 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.invoke: obj, method </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 158 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">args</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.rest(arguments, <span class="Number">2</span>)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 159 </span>     (<span class="Keyword">if</span> method <span class="Keyword">then</span> val[method] <span class="Keyword">else</span> val).apply(val, args) <span class="Keyword">for</span> val <span class="Keyword">in</span> obj
+<span class="line-numbers"> 160 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 161 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 162 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Convenience version of a common use case of map: fetching a property.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 163 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.pluck: obj, key </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 164 </span>     _.map(obj, (<span class="FunctionArgument">val </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> val[key]))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 165 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 166 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 167 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return the maximum item or (item-based computation).</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 168 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.max: obj, iterator, context </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 169 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> Math.max.apply(Math, obj) <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> iterator <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isArray(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 170 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> {<span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">-</span><span class="BuiltInConstant">Infinity</span>}
+<span class="line-numbers"> 171 </span>     _.each(obj)<span class="FunctionArgument"> value, index, list </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 172 </span>       <span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> iterator <span class="Keyword">then</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list) <span class="Keyword">else</span> value
+<span class="line-numbers"> 173 </span>       computed <span class="Keyword">&gt;=</span> result.computed <span class="Keyword">and</span> (<span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> {<span class="FunctionName">value</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> value, <span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> computed})
+<span class="line-numbers"> 174 </span>     result.value
+<span class="line-numbers"> 175 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 176 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 177 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return the minimum element (or element-based computation).</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 178 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.min: obj, iterator, context </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 179 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> Math.min.apply(Math, obj) <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> iterator <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isArray(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 180 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> {<span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">Infinity</span>}
+<span class="line-numbers"> 181 </span>     _.each(obj)<span class="FunctionArgument"> value, index, list </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 182 </span>       <span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> iterator <span class="Keyword">then</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list) <span class="Keyword">else</span> value
+<span class="line-numbers"> 183 </span>       computed <span class="Keyword">&lt;</span> result.computed <span class="Keyword">and</span> (<span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> {<span class="FunctionName">value</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> value, <span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> computed})
+<span class="line-numbers"> 184 </span>     result.value
+<span class="line-numbers"> 185 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 186 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 187 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Sort the object's values by a criteria produced by an iterator.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 188 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.sortBy: obj, iterator, context </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 189 </span>     _.pluck(((_.map(obj)<span class="FunctionArgument"> value, index, list </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 190 </span>       {<span class="FunctionName">value</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> value, <span class="FunctionName">criteria</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list)}
+<span class="line-numbers"> 191 </span>     ).sort()<span class="FunctionArgument"> left, right </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 192 </span>       <span class="FunctionName">a</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> left.criteria; <span class="FunctionName">b</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> right.criteria
+<span class="line-numbers"> 193 </span>       <span class="Keyword">if</span> a <span class="Keyword">&lt;</span> b <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Keyword">-</span><span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> a <span class="Keyword">&gt;</span> b <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 194 </span>     ), <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>value<span class="String">'</span></span>)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 195 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 196 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 197 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Use a comparator function to figure out at what index an object should</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 198 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> be inserted so as to maintain order. Uses binary search.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 199 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.sortedIndex: array, obj, iterator </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 200 </span>     iterator <span class="Keyword">||</span><span class="Keyword">=</span> _.identity
+<span class="line-numbers"> 201 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">low</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Number">0</span>; <span class="FunctionName">high</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> array.length
+<span class="line-numbers"> 202 </span>     <span class="Keyword">while</span> low <span class="Keyword">&lt;</span> high
+<span class="line-numbers"> 203 </span>       <span class="FunctionName">mid</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> (low <span class="Keyword">+</span> high) <span class="Keyword">&gt;</span><span class="Keyword">&gt;</span> <span class="Number">1</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 204 </span>       <span class="Keyword">if</span> iterator(array[mid]) <span class="Keyword">&lt;</span> iterator(obj) <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="FunctionName">low</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> mid <span class="Keyword">+</span> <span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> <span class="FunctionName">high</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> mid
+<span class="line-numbers"> 205 </span>     low
+<span class="line-numbers"> 206 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 207 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 208 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Convert anything iterable into a real, live array.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 209 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.toArray: iterable </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 210 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> []                   <span class="Keyword">if</span> (<span class="Keyword">!</span>iterable)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 211 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> iterable.toArray()   <span class="Keyword">if</span> (iterable.toArray)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 212 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> iterable             <span class="Keyword">if</span> (_.isArray(iterable))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 213 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> slice.call(iterable) <span class="Keyword">if</span> (_.isArguments(iterable))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 214 </span>     _.values(iterable)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 215 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 216 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 217 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return the number of elements in an object.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 218 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.size: obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> _.toArray(obj).length
+<span class="line-numbers"> 219 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 220 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 221 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> -------------------------- Array Functions: ------------------------------</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 222 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 223 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Get the first element of an array. Passing &quot;n&quot; will return the first N</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 224 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> values in the array. Aliased as &quot;head&quot;. The &quot;guard&quot; check allows it to work</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 225 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> with _.map.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 226 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.first: array, n, guard </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 227 </span>     <span class="Keyword">if</span> n <span class="Keyword">and</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> guard <span class="Keyword">then</span> slice.call(array, <span class="Number">0</span>, n) <span class="Keyword">else</span> array[<span class="Number">0</span>]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 228 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 229 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 230 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Returns everything but the first entry of the array. Aliased as &quot;tail&quot;.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 231 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Especially useful on the arguments object. Passing an &quot;index&quot; will return</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 232 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> the rest of the values in the array from that index onward. The &quot;guard&quot;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 233 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> check allows it to work with _.map.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 234 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.rest: array, index, guard </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 235 </span>     slice.call(array, <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isUndefined(index) <span class="Keyword">or</span> guard <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> index)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 236 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 237 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 238 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Get the last element of an array.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 239 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.last: array </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> array[array.length <span class="Keyword">-</span> <span class="Number">1</span>]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 240 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 241 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 242 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Trim out all falsy values from an array.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 243 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.compact: array </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> array[i] <span class="Keyword">for</span> i <span class="Keyword">in</span> [<span class="Number">0</span>...array.length] <span class="Keyword">when</span> array[i]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 244 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 245 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 246 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return a completely flattened version of an array.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 247 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.flatten: array </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 248 </span>     _.reduce(array, [])<span class="FunctionArgument"> memo, value </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 249 </span>       <span class="Keyword">return</span> memo.concat(_.flatten(value)) <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isArray(value)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 250 </span>       memo.push(value)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 251 </span>       memo
+<span class="line-numbers"> 252 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 253 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 254 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s).</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 255 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.without: array </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 256 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">values</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.rest(arguments)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 257 </span>     val <span class="Keyword">for</span> val <span class="Keyword">in</span> _.toArray(array) <span class="Keyword">when</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> _.include(values, val)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 258 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 259 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 260 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 261 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 262 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.uniq: array, isSorted </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 263 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">memo</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> []
+<span class="line-numbers"> 264 </span>     <span class="Keyword">for</span> el, i <span class="Keyword">in</span> _.toArray(array)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 265 </span>       memo.push(el) <span class="Keyword">if</span> i <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="Number">0</span> <span class="Keyword">||</span> (<span class="Keyword">if</span> isSorted <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span> <span class="Keyword">then</span> _.last(memo) <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> el <span class="Keyword">else</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> _.include(memo, el))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 266 </span>     memo
+<span class="line-numbers"> 267 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 268 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 269 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Produce an array that contains every item shared between all the</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 270 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> passed-in arrays.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 271 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.intersect: array </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 272 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">rest</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.rest(arguments)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 273 </span>     _.select(_.uniq(array))<span class="FunctionArgument"> item </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 274 </span>       _.all(rest)<span class="FunctionArgument"> other </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 275 </span>         _.indexOf(other, item) <span class="Keyword">&gt;=</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 276 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 277 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 278 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Zip together multiple lists into a single array -- elements that share</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 279 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> an index go together.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 280 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.zip: </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 281 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">args</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>       _.toArray(arguments)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 282 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">length</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>     _.max(_.pluck(args, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>length<span class="String">'</span></span>))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 283 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">results</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>    <span class="Keyword">new</span> <span class="TypeName">Array</span>(length)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 284 </span>     <span class="Keyword">for</span> i <span class="Keyword">in</span> [<span class="Number">0</span>...length]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 285 </span>       results[i]<span class="Keyword">:</span> _.pluck(args, String(i))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 286 </span>     results
+<span class="line-numbers"> 287 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 288 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 289 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> If the browser doesn't supply us with indexOf (I'm looking at you, MSIE),</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 290 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> we need this function. Return the position of the first occurence of an</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 291 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> item in an array, or -1 if the item is not included in the array.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 292 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.indexOf: array, item </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 293 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> array.indexOf(item) <span class="Keyword">if</span> array.indexOf
+<span class="line-numbers"> 294 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">i</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Number">0</span>; <span class="FunctionName">l</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> array.length
+<span class="line-numbers"> 295 </span>     <span class="Keyword">while</span> l <span class="Keyword">-</span> i
+<span class="line-numbers"> 296 </span>       <span class="Keyword">if</span> array[i] <span class="Keyword">is</span> item <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> i <span class="Keyword">else</span> i<span class="Keyword">++</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 297 </span>     <span class="Keyword">-</span><span class="Number">1</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 298 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 299 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 300 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Provide JavaScript 1.6's lastIndexOf, delegating to the native function,</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 301 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> if possible.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 302 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.lastIndexOf: array, item </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 303 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> array.lastIndexOf(item) <span class="Keyword">if</span> array.lastIndexOf
+<span class="line-numbers"> 304 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">i</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> array.length
+<span class="line-numbers"> 305 </span>     <span class="Keyword">while</span> i
+<span class="line-numbers"> 306 </span>       <span class="Keyword">if</span> array[i] <span class="Keyword">is</span> item <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> i <span class="Keyword">else</span> i<span class="Keyword">--</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 307 </span>     <span class="Keyword">-</span><span class="Number">1</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 308 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 309 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 310 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Generate an integer Array containing an arithmetic progression. A port of</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 311 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> the native Python range() function. See:</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 312 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 313 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.range: start, stop, step </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 314 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">a</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>        _.toArray(arguments)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 315 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">solo</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>     a.length <span class="Keyword">&lt;=</span> <span class="Number">1</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 316 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">i</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionName">start</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> solo <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Number">0</span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> a[<span class="Number">0</span>];
+<span class="line-numbers"> 317 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">stop</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>     <span class="Keyword">if</span> solo <span class="Keyword">then</span> a[<span class="Number">0</span>] <span class="Keyword">else</span> a[<span class="Number">1</span>];
+<span class="line-numbers"> 318 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">step</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>     a[<span class="Number">2</span>] <span class="Keyword">or</span> <span class="Number">1</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 319 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">len</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>      Math.ceil((stop <span class="Keyword">-</span> start) <span class="Keyword">/</span> step)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 320 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> [] <span class="Keyword">if</span> len <span class="Keyword">&lt;=</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 321 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">range</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>    <span class="Keyword">new</span> <span class="TypeName">Array</span>(len)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 322 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">idx</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>      <span class="Number">0</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 323 </span>     <span class="Keyword">while</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 324 </span>       <span class="Keyword">return</span> range <span class="Keyword">if</span> (<span class="Keyword">if</span> step <span class="Keyword">&gt;</span> <span class="Number">0</span> <span class="Keyword">then</span> i <span class="Keyword">-</span> stop <span class="Keyword">else</span> stop <span class="Keyword">-</span> i) <span class="Keyword">&gt;=</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 325 </span>       range[idx]<span class="Keyword">:</span> i
+<span class="line-numbers"> 326 </span>       idx<span class="Keyword">++</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 327 </span>       i<span class="Keyword">+</span><span class="Keyword">=</span> step
+<span class="line-numbers"> 328 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 329 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 330 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> ----------------------- Function Functions: -----------------------------</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 331 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 332 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Create a function bound to a given object (assigning 'this', and arguments,</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 333 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> optionally). Binding with arguments is also known as 'curry'.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 334 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.bind: func, obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 335 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">args</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.rest(arguments, <span class="Number">2</span>)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 336 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">    </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> func.apply(obj <span class="Keyword">or</span> root, args.concat(_.toArray(arguments)))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 337 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 338 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 339 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Bind all of an object's methods to that object. Useful for ensuring that</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 340 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> all callbacks defined on an object belong to it.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 341 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.bindAll: obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 342 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">funcs</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> arguments.length <span class="Keyword">&gt;</span> <span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">then</span> _.rest(arguments) <span class="Keyword">else</span> _.functions(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 343 </span>     _.each(funcs, (<span class="FunctionArgument">f </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> obj[f]<span class="Keyword">:</span> _.bind(obj[f], obj)))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 344 </span>     obj
+<span class="line-numbers"> 345 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 346 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 347 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 348 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> it with the arguments supplied.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 349 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.delay: func, wait </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 350 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">args</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.rest(arguments, <span class="Number">2</span>)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 351 </span>     setTimeout((<span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> func.apply(func, args)), wait)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 352 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 353 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 354 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 355 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> cleared.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 356 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.defer: func </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 357 </span>     _.delay.apply(_, [func, <span class="Number">1</span>].concat(_.rest(arguments)))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 358 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 359 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 360 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Returns the first function passed as an argument to the second,</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 361 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 362 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> conditionally execute the original function.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 363 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.wrap: func, wrapper </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 364 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">    </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> wrapper.apply(wrapper, [func].concat(_.toArray(arguments)))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 365 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 366 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 367 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 368 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> consuming the return value of the function that follows.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 369 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.compose: </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 370 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">funcs</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.toArray(arguments)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 371 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">    </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 372 </span>       <span class="FunctionName">args</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.toArray(arguments)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 373 </span>       <span class="Keyword">for</span> i <span class="Keyword">in</span> [(funcs.length <span class="Keyword">-</span> <span class="Number">1</span>)..<span class="Number">0</span>]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 374 </span>         <span class="FunctionName">args</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> [funcs[i].apply(<span class="Variable">this</span>, args)]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 375 </span>       args[<span class="Number">0</span>]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 376 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 377 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 378 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> ------------------------- Object Functions: ----------------------------</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 379 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 380 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Retrieve the names of an object's properties.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 381 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.keys: obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 382 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> _.range(<span class="Number">0</span>, obj.length) <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isArray(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 383 </span>     key <span class="Keyword">for</span> key, val <span class="Keyword">of</span> obj
+<span class="line-numbers"> 384 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 385 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 386 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Retrieve the values of an object's properties.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 387 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.values: obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 388 </span>     _.map(obj, _.identity)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 389 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 390 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 391 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return a sorted list of the function names available in Underscore.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 392 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.functions: obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 393 </span>     _.select(_.keys(obj)<span class="FunctionArgument">, key </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> _.isFunction(obj[key])).sort()
+<span class="line-numbers"> 394 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 395 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 396 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Extend a given object with all of the properties in a source object.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 397 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.extend: destination, source </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 398 </span>     <span class="Keyword">for</span> key, val <span class="Keyword">of</span> source
+<span class="line-numbers"> 399 </span>       destination[key]<span class="Keyword">:</span> val
+<span class="line-numbers"> 400 </span>     destination
+<span class="line-numbers"> 401 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 402 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 403 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 404 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.clone: obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 405 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.slice(<span class="Number">0</span>) <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isArray(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 406 </span>     _.extend({}, obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 407 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 408 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 409 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Invokes interceptor with the obj, and then returns obj.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 410 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> The primary purpose of this method is to &quot;tap into&quot; a method chain, in order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 411 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.tap: obj, interceptor </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 412 </span>     interceptor(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 413 </span>     obj
+<span class="line-numbers"> 414 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 415 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 416 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 417 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.isEqual: a, b </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 418 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Check object identity.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 419 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> a <span class="Keyword">is</span> b
+<span class="line-numbers"> 420 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Different types?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 421 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">atype</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">typeof</span>(a); <span class="FunctionName">btype</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">typeof</span>(b)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 422 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> atype <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> btype
+<span class="line-numbers"> 423 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Basic equality test (watch out for coercions).</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 424 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">`</span>a == b<span class="String">`</span></span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 425 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> One is falsy and the other truthy.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 426 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> (<span class="Keyword">!</span>a <span class="Keyword">and</span> b) <span class="Keyword">or</span> (a <span class="Keyword">and</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span>b)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 427 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> One of them implements an isEqual()?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 428 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> a.isEqual(b) <span class="Keyword">if</span> a.isEqual
+<span class="line-numbers"> 429 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Check dates' integer values.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 430 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> a.getTime() <span class="Keyword">is</span> b.getTime() <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isDate(a) <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isDate(b)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 431 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Both are NaN?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 432 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isNaN(a) <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isNaN(b)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 433 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Compare regular expressions.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 434 </span>     <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isRegExp(a) <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isRegExp(b)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 435 </span>       <span class="Keyword">return</span> a.source     <span class="Keyword">is</span> b.source <span class="Keyword">and</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 436 </span>              a.global     <span class="Keyword">is</span> b.global <span class="Keyword">and</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 437 </span>              a.ignoreCase <span class="Keyword">is</span> b.ignoreCase <span class="Keyword">and</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 438 </span>              a.multiline  <span class="Keyword">is</span> b.multiline
+<span class="line-numbers"> 439 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> If a is not an object by this point, we can't handle it.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 440 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> atype <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>object<span class="String">'</span></span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 441 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Check for different array lengths before comparing contents.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 442 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> a.length <span class="Keyword">and</span> (a.length <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> b.length)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 443 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Nothing else worked, deep compare the contents.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 444 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">aKeys</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.keys(a); <span class="FunctionName">bKeys</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.keys(b)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 445 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Different object sizes?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 446 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> aKeys.length <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> bKeys.length
+<span class="line-numbers"> 447 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Recursive comparison of contents.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 448 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> for (var key in a) if (!_.isEqual(a[key], b[key])) return false;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 449 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 450 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 451 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 452 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given array or object empty?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 453 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.isEmpty:      obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> _.keys(obj).length <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 454 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 455 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 456 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given value a DOM element?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 457 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.isElement:    obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.nodeType <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="Number">1</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 458 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 459 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 460 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given value an array?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 461 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.isArray:      obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">!</span>(obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.concat <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.unshift)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 462 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 463 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 464 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given variable an arguments object?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 465 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.isArguments:  obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isNumber(obj.length) <span class="Keyword">and</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span>_.isArray(obj) <span class="Keyword">and</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span>propertyIsEnumerable.call(obj, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>length<span class="String">'</span></span>)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 466 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 467 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 468 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is the given value a function?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 469 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.isFunction:   obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">!</span>(obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.constructor <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.call <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.apply)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 470 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 471 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 472 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is the given value a string?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 473 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.isString:     obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">!</span>(obj <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span><span class="String">'</span></span> <span class="Keyword">or</span> (obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.charCodeAt <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.substr))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 474 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 475 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 476 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given value a number?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 477 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.isNumber:     obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> toString.call(obj) <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>[object Number]<span class="String">'</span></span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 478 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 479 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 480 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given value a Date?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 481 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.isDate:       obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">!</span>(obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.getTimezoneOffset <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.setUTCFullYear)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 482 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 483 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 484 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is the given value a regular expression?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 485 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.isRegExp:     obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">!</span>(obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.exec <span class="Keyword">and</span> (obj.ignoreCase <span class="Keyword">or</span> obj.ignoreCase <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span>))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 486 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 487 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 488 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is the given value NaN -- this one is interesting. NaN != NaN, and</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 489 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> isNaN(undefined) == true, so we make sure it's a number first.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 490 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.isNaN:        obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> _.isNumber(obj) <span class="Keyword">and</span> window.isNaN(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 491 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 492 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 493 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given value equal to null?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 494 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.isNull:       obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> obj <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">null</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 495 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 496 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 497 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given variable undefined?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 498 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.isUndefined:  obj </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">typeof</span> obj <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>undefined<span class="String">'</span></span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 499 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 500 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 501 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> -------------------------- Utility Functions: --------------------------</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 502 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 503 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Run Underscore.js in noConflict mode, returning the '_' variable to its</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 504 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> previous owner. Returns a reference to the Underscore object.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 505 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.noConflict: </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 506 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">root._</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> previousUnderscore
+<span class="line-numbers"> 507 </span>     <span class="Variable">this</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 508 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 509 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 510 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Keep the identity function around for default iterators.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 511 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.identity: value </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> value
+<span class="line-numbers"> 512 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 513 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 514 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Break out of the middle of an iteration.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 515 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.breakLoop: </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">throw</span> breaker
+<span class="line-numbers"> 516 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 517 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 518 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session).</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 519 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Useful for temporary DOM ids.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 520 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">idCounter</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 521 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.uniqueId: prefix </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 522 </span>     (prefix <span class="Keyword">or</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span><span class="String">'</span></span>) <span class="Keyword">+</span> idCounter<span class="Keyword">++</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 523 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 524 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 525 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> JavaScript templating a-la ERB, pilfered from John Resig's</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 526 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> &quot;Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja&quot;, page 83.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 527 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  _.template: str, data </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 528 </span>     <span class="String"><span class="String">`</span>var fn = new Function('obj',</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 529 </span> <span class="String">      'var p=[],print=function(){p.push.apply(p,arguments);};' +</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 530 </span> <span class="String">      'with(obj){p.push(<span class="UserDefinedConstant">\'</span>' +</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 531 </span> <span class="String">      str.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 532 </span> <span class="String">        replace(/[<span class="UserDefinedConstant">\r</span><span class="UserDefinedConstant">\t</span><span class="UserDefinedConstant">\n</span>]/g, &quot; &quot;).</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 533 </span> <span class="String">        split(&quot;&lt;%&quot;).join(&quot;<span class="UserDefinedConstant">\t</span>&quot;).</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 534 </span> <span class="String">        replace(/((^|%&gt;)[^<span class="UserDefinedConstant">\t</span>]*)'/g, &quot;$1<span class="UserDefinedConstant">\r</span>&quot;).</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 535 </span> <span class="String">        replace(/<span class="UserDefinedConstant">\t</span>=(.*?)%&gt;/g, &quot;',$1,'&quot;).</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 536 </span> <span class="String">        split(&quot;<span class="UserDefinedConstant">\t</span>&quot;).join(&quot;');&quot;).</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 537 </span> <span class="String">        split(&quot;%&gt;&quot;).join(&quot;p.push('&quot;).</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 538 </span> <span class="String">        split(&quot;<span class="UserDefinedConstant">\r</span>&quot;).join(&quot;<span class="UserDefinedConstant">\\</span>'&quot;) +</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 539 </span> <span class="String">      &quot;');}return p.join('');&quot;)<span class="String">`</span></span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 540 </span>     <span class="Keyword">if</span> data <span class="Keyword">then</span> fn(data) <span class="Keyword">else</span> fn
+<span class="line-numbers"> 541 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 542 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 543 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> ------------------------------- Aliases ----------------------------------</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 544 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 545 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.forEach</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.each
+<span class="line-numbers"> 546 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.foldl</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.inject</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>      _.reduce
+<span class="line-numbers"> 547 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.foldr</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>   _.reduceRight
+<span class="line-numbers"> 548 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.filter</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>  _.select
+<span class="line-numbers"> 549 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.every</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>   _.all
+<span class="line-numbers"> 550 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.some</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>    _.any
+<span class="line-numbers"> 551 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.head</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>    _.first
+<span class="line-numbers"> 552 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.tail</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>    _.rest
+<span class="line-numbers"> 553 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.methods</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.functions
+<span class="line-numbers"> 554 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 555 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 556 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span>   /*------------------------ Setup the OOP Wrapper: --------------------------*/</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 557 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 558 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Helper function to continue chaining intermediate results.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 559 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  result: obj, chain </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 560 </span>     <span class="Keyword">if</span> chain <span class="Keyword">then</span> _(obj).chain() <span class="Keyword">else</span> obj
+<span class="line-numbers"> 561 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 562 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 563 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Add all of the Underscore functions to the wrapper object.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 564 </span>   _.each(_.functions(_))<span class="FunctionArgument"> name </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 565 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">method</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _[name]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 566 </span>     wrapper.prototype[name]<span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 567 </span>       <span class="FunctionName">args</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.toArray(arguments)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 568 </span>       unshift.call(args, <span class="Variable">this</span>._wrapped)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 569 </span>       result(method.apply(_, args), <span class="Variable">this</span>._chain)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 570 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 571 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 572 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Add all mutator Array functions to the wrapper.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 573 </span>   _.each([<span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>pop<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>push<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>reverse<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>shift<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>sort<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>splice<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>unshift<span class="String">'</span></span>])<span class="FunctionArgument"> name </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 574 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">method</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> Array.prototype[name]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 575 </span>     wrapper.prototype[name]<span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 576 </span>       method.apply(<span class="Variable">this</span>._wrapped, arguments)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 577 </span>       result(<span class="Variable">this</span>._wrapped, <span class="Variable">this</span>._chain)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 578 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 579 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 580 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Add all accessor Array functions to the wrapper.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 581 </span>   _.each([<span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>concat<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>join<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>slice<span class="String">'</span></span>])<span class="FunctionArgument"> name </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 582 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">method</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> Array.prototype[name]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 583 </span>     wrapper.prototype[name]<span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 584 </span>       result(method.apply(<span class="Variable">this</span>._wrapped, arguments), <span class="Variable">this</span>._chain)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 585 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 586 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 587 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Start chaining a wrapped Underscore object.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 588 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  wrapper::chain: </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 589 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">this._chain</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 590 </span>     <span class="Variable">this</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 591 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 592 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 593 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 594 </span> <span class="FunctionArgument">  wrapper::value: </span><span class="Storage">=&gt;</span> <span class="Variable">this</span>._wrapped
+</pre>  <p>
+    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer">
+      <img style="border:0"
+           src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml10"
+           alt="Valid XHTML 1.0 Strict" height="31" width="88" />
+    </a>
+    <a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/check?uri=referer">
+      <img style="border:0;width:88px;height:31px"
+           src="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/images/vcss"
+           alt="Valid CSS!" />
+    </a>
+  </p>
+</body>
+</html>

examples/code.coffee

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 # Functions:
-square: x => x * x.
+square: x => x * x
 
-sum: x, y => x + y.
+sum: x, y => x + y
 
-odd: x => x % 2 is 0.
+odd: x => x % 2 is 0
 
-even: x => x % 2 aint 0.
+even: x => x % 2 isnt 0
 
 run_loop: =>
-  fire_events( e => e.stopPropagation(). )
+  fire_events(e => e.stopPropagation())
   listen()
-  wait().
+  wait()
 
 # Objects:
 dense_object_literal: {one: 1, two: 2, three: 3}
@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@ spaced_out_multiline_object: {
   three: new Idea()
 
   inner_obj: {
-    freedom: => _.freedom().
+    freedom: => _.freedom()
   }
 }
 
 # Arrays:
-stooges : [{moe: 45}, {curly: 43}, {larry: 46}]
+stooges: [{moe: 45}, {curly: 43}, {larry: 46}]
 
-exponents : [x => x., x => x * x., x => x * x * x.]
+exponents: [(x => x), (x => x * x), (x => x * x * x)]
 
 empty: []
 
@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ if submarine.shields_up
 else if submarine.sinking
   abandon_ship()
 else
-  run_away().
+  run_away()
 
-eldest: if 25 > 21 then liz else marge.
+eldest: if 25 > 21 then liz else marge
 
 decoration: medal_of_honor if war_hero
 
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@ race: =>
   run()
   walk()
   crawl()
-  if tired then return sleep().
-  race().
+  if tired then return sleep()
+  race()
 
 # Conditional assignment:
-good ||: evil
-wine &&: cheese
+good ||= evil
+wine &&= cheese
 
 # Nested property access and calls.
 ((moon.turn(360))).shapes[3].move({x: 45, y: 30}).position['top'].offset('x')
@@ -81,58 +81,58 @@ try
   dogs_and_cats_living_together()
   throw "up"
 catch error
-  print( error )
+  print(error)
 finally
-  clean_up().
+  clean_up()
 
-try all_hell_breaks_loose() catch error print(error) finally clean_up().
+try all_hell_breaks_loose() catch error then print(error) finally clean_up()
 
 # While loops, break and continue.
 while demand > supply
   sell()
-  restock().
+  restock()
 
-while supply > demand then buy().
+while supply > demand then buy()
 
 while true
   break if broken
-  continue if continuing.
+  continue if continuing
 
 # Unary operators.
 !!true
 
 # Lexical scoping.
-a: 5
+v_1: 5
 change_a_and_set_b: =>
-  a: 10
-  b: 15.
-b: 20
+  v_1: 10
+  v_2: 15
+v_2: 20
 
 # Array comprehensions.
-supper: food.capitalize() for food in ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine'].
+supper: food.capitalize() for food in ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine']
 
-drink(bottle) for bottle, i in ['soda', 'wine', 'lemonade'] if even(i).
+drink(bottle) for bottle, i in ['soda', 'wine', 'lemonade'] when even(i)
 
 # Switch statements ("else" serves as a default).
 activity: switch day
-when "Tuesday"   then eat_breakfast()
-when "Sunday"    then go_to_church()
-when "Saturday"  then go_to_the_park()
-when "Wednesday"
-  if day is bingo_day
-    go_to_bingo()
-  else
-    eat_breakfast()
-    go_to_work()
-    eat_dinner().
-else go_to_work().
+  when "Tuesday"   then eat_breakfast()
+  when "Sunday"    then go_to_church()
+  when "Saturday"  then go_to_the_park()
+  when "Wednesday"
+    if day is bingo_day
+      go_to_bingo()
+    else
+      eat_breakfast()
+      go_to_work()
+      eat_dinner()
+  else go_to_work()
 
 # Semicolons can optionally be used instead of newlines.
-wednesday: => eat_breakfast(); go_to_work(); eat_dinner(); .
+wednesday: => eat_breakfast(); go_to_work(); eat_dinner()
 
 # Array slice literals.
 zero_to_nine: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
-three_to_six: zero_to_nine[3, 6]
+three_to_six: zero_to_nine[3..6]
 
 # Multiline strings with inner quotes.
 story: "Lorem ipsum dolor \"sit\" amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit,
@@ -140,21 +140,21 @@ sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna
 aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad."
 
 # Inheritance and calling super.
-Animal: => .
-Animal.prototype.move: meters =>
-  alert(this.name + " moved " + meters + "m.").
+Animal: =>
+Animal::move: meters =>
+  alert(this.name + " moved " + meters + "m.")
 
-Snake: name => this.name: name.
-Snake extends new Animal()
-Snake.prototype.move: =>
+Snake: name => this.name: name
+Snake extends Animal
+Snake::move: =>
   alert('Slithering...')
-  super(5).
+  super(5)
 
-Horse: name => this.name: name.
-Horse extends new Animal()
-Horse.prototype.move: =>
+Horse: name => this.name: name
+Horse extends Animal
+Horse::move: =>
   alert('Galloping...')
-  super(45).
+  super(45)
 
 sam: new Snake("Sammy the Snake")
 tom: new Horse("Tommy the Horse")

examples/documents.coffee

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Document Model
 dc.model.Document: dc.Model.extend({
 
-  constructor: attributes => this.base(attributes).
+  constructor: attributes => this.base(attributes)
 
   # For display, show either the highlighted search results, or the summary,
   # if no highlights are available.
@@ -9,22 +9,22 @@ dc.model.Document: dc.Model.extend({
   # version of the summary has all runs of whitespace squeezed out.
   displaySummary: =>
     text: this.get('highlight') or this.get('summary') or ''
-    text and text.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').
+    text and text.replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
 
   # Return a list of the document's metadata. Think about caching this on the
   # document by binding to Metadata, instead of on-the-fly.
   metadata: =>
     docId: this.id
-    _.select(Metadata.models()
-      meta => _.any(meta.get('instances')
-        instance => instance.document_id is docId.).).
+    _.select(Metadata.models(), (meta => 
+      _.any(meta.get('instances'), instance => 
+        instance.document_id is docId)))
 
   bookmark: pageNumber =>
     bookmark: new dc.model.Bookmark({title: this.get('title'), page_number: pageNumber, document_id: this.id})
-    Bookmarks.create(bookmark).
+    Bookmarks.create(bookmark)
 
   # Inspect.
-  toString: => 'Document ' + this.id + ' "' + this.get('title') + '"'.
+  toString: => 'Document ' + this.id + ' "' + this.get('title') + '"'
 
 })
 
@@ -37,31 +37,31 @@ dc.model.DocumentSet: dc.model.RESTfulSet.extend({
 
   constructor: options =>
     this.base(options)
-    _.bindAll(this, 'downloadSelectedViewers', 'downloadSelectedPDF', 'downloadSelectedFullText').
+    _.bindAll(this, 'downloadSelectedViewers', 'downloadSelectedPDF', 'downloadSelectedFullText')
 
-  selected: => _.select(this.models(), m => m.get('selected').).
+  selected: => _.select(this.models(), m => m.get('selected'))
 
-  selectedIds: => _.pluck(this.selected(), 'id').
+  selectedIds: => _.pluck(this.selected(), 'id')
 
-  countSelected: => this.selected().length.
+  countSelected: => this.selected().length
 
   downloadSelectedViewers: =>
-    dc.app.download('/download/' + this.selectedIds().join('/') + '/document_viewer.zip').
+    dc.app.download('/download/' + this.selectedIds().join('/') + '/document_viewer.zip')
 
   downloadSelectedPDF: =>
-    if this.countSelected() <= 1 then return window.open(this.selected()[0].get('pdf_url')).
-    dc.app.download('/download/' + this.selectedIds().join('/') + '/document_pdfs.zip').
+    if this.countSelected() <= 1 then return window.open(this.selected()[0].get('pdf_url'))
+    dc.app.download('/download/' + this.selectedIds().join('/') + '/document_pdfs.zip')
 
   downloadSelectedFullText: =>
-    if this.countSelected() <= 1 then return window.open(this.selected()[0].get('full_text_url')).
-    dc.app.download('/download/' + this.selectedIds().join('/') + '/document_text.zip').
+    if this.countSelected() <= 1 then return window.open(this.selected()[0].get('full_text_url'))
+    dc.app.download('/download/' + this.selectedIds().join('/') + '/document_text.zip')
 
   # We override "_onModelEvent" to fire selection changed events when documents
   # change their selected state.
   _onModelEvent: e, model =>
     this.base(e, model)
     fire: e == dc.Model.CHANGED and model.hasChanged('selected')
-    if fire then _.defer(_(this.fire).bind(this, this.SELECTION_CHANGED, this))..
+    if fire then _.defer(_(this.fire).bind(this, this.SELECTION_CHANGED, this))
 
 })
 

examples/poignant.coffee

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 # ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine'].each { |food| print food.capitalize }
 
-['toast', 'wine', 'cheese'].each( food => print(food.capitalize()). )
+['toast', 'wine', 'cheese'].each(food => print(food.capitalize()))
 
 
 
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
 # end
 
 LotteryTicket: {
-  get_picks:    => this.picks.
-  set_picks:    nums => this.picks: nums.
-  get_purchase: => this.purchase.
-  set_purchase: amount => this.purchase: amount.
+  get_picks:           => this.picks
+  set_picks:      nums => this.picks: nums
+  get_purchase:        => this.purchase
+  set_purchase: amount => this.purchase: amount
 }
 
 
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ LotteryTicket: {
 
 WishScanner: {
   scan_for_a_wish: =>
-    wish: this.read().detect( thought => thought.index('wish: ') is 0. )
-    wish.replace('wish: ', '').
+    wish: this.read().detect(thought => thought.index('wish: ') is 0)
+    wish.replace('wish: ', '')
 }
 
 
@@ -79,28 +79,28 @@ Creature : {
 
   # This method applies a hit taken during a fight.
   hit: damage =>
-    p_up: Math.rand( this.charisma )
+    p_up: Math.rand(this.charisma)
     if p_up % 9 is 7
       this.life += p_up / 4
-      puts( "[" + this.name + " magick powers up " + p_up + "!]" ).
+      puts("[" + this.name + " magick powers up " + p_up + "!]")
     this.life -= damage
-    if this.life <= 0 then puts( "[" + this.name + " has died.]" )..
+    if this.life <= 0 then puts("[" + this.name + " has died.]")
 
   # This method takes one turn in a fight.
   fight: enemy, weapon =>
-    if this.life <= 0 then return puts( "[" + this.name + "is too dead to fight!]" ).
+    if this.life <= 0 then return puts("[" + this.name + "is too dead to fight!]")
 
     # Attack the opponent.
-    your_hit: Math.rand( this.strength + weapon )
-    puts( "[You hit with " + your_hit + "points of damage!]" )
-    enemy.hit( your_hit )
+    your_hit: Math.rand(this.strength + weapon)
+    puts("[You hit with " + your_hit + "points of damage!]")
+    enemy.hit(your_hit)
 
     # Retaliation.
-    puts( enemy )
+    puts(enemy)
     if enemy.life > 0
-      enemy_hit: Math.rand( enemy.strength + enemy.weapon )
-      puts( "[Your enemy hit with " + enemy_hit + "points of damage!]" )
-      this.hit( enemy_hit )..
+      enemy_hit: Math.rand(enemy.strength + enemy.weapon)
+      puts("[Your enemy hit with " + enemy_hit + "points of damage!]")
+      this.hit(enemy_hit)
 
 }
 
@@ -123,12 +123,12 @@ Creature : {
 # Get evil idea and swap in code words
 print("Enter your new idea: ")
 idea: gets()
-code_words.each( real, code => idea.replace(real, code). )
+code_words.each(real, code => idea.replace(real, code))
 
 # Save the jibberish to a new file
 print("File encoded. Please enter a name for this idea: ")
 idea_name: gets().strip()
-File.open("idea-" + idea_name + '.txt', 'w', file => file.write(idea). )
+File.open("idea-" + idea_name + '.txt', 'w', file => file.write(idea))
 
 
 
@@ -149,5 +149,5 @@ wipe_mutterings_from: sentence =>
   while sentence.indexOf('(') >= 0
     open:     sentence.indexOf('(') - 1
     close:    sentence.indexOf(')') + 1
-    sentence: sentence[0, open] + sentence[close, sentence.length].
-    sentence.
+    sentence: sentence[0..open] + sentence[close..sentence.length]
+    sentence

examples/potion.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+# Examples from _why's Potion, the Readme and "Potion: A Short Pamphlet".
+
+# 5 times: "Odelay!" print.
+
+print("Odelay!") for i in [1..5]
+
+
+# add = (x, y): x + y.
+# add(2, 4) string print
+
+add: x, y => x + y
+print(add(2, 4))
+
+
+# loop: 'quaff' print.
+
+while true
+  print('quaff')
+
+
+# ('cheese', 'bread', 'mayo') at (1) print
+
+print(['cheese', 'bread', 'mayo'][1])
+
+
+# (language='Potion', pointless=true) at (key='language') print
+
+print({language: 'Potion', pointless: true}['language'])
+
+
+# minus = (x, y): x - y.
+# minus (y=10, x=6)
+
+minus: x, y => x - y
+minus(6, 10)
+
+
+# foods = ('cheese', 'bread', 'mayo')
+# foods (2)
+
+foods: ['cheese', 'bread', 'mayo']
+foods[2]
+
+
+# (dog='canine', cat='feline', fox='vulpine') each (key, val):
+#   (key, ' is a ', val) join print.
+
+for key, val of {dog: 'canine', cat: 'feline', fox: 'vulpine'}
+  print(key + ' is a ' + val)
+
+
+# Person = class: /name, /age, /sex.
+# Person print = ():
+#   ('My name is ', /name, '.') join print.
+
+Person: =>
+Person::print: =>
+  print('My name is ' + this.name + '.')
+
+
+# p = Person ()
+# p /name string print
+
+p: new Person()
+print(p.name)
+
+
+# Policeman = Person class (rank): /rank = rank.
+# Policeman print = ():
+#   ('My name is ', /name, ' and I'm a ', /rank, '.') join print.
+#
+# Policeman ('Constable') print
+
+Policeman: rank => this.rank: rank
+Policeman extends Person
+Policeman::print: =>
+  print('My name is ' + this.name + " and I'm a " + this.rank + '.')
+
+print(new Policeman('Constable'))
+
+
+# app = [window (width=200, height=400)
+#         [para 'Welcome.', button 'OK']]
+# app first name
+
+app = {
+  window:  {width: 200, height: 200}
+  para:    'Welcome.'
+  button:  'OK'
+}
+app.window
+
+
+# x = 1
+# y = 2
+#
+# x = 1, y = 2
+
+x: 1
+y: 2
+
+x: 1; y: 2
+
+
+# table = (language='Potion'
+#           pointless=true)
+
+table: {
+  language: 'Potion'
+  pointless: yes
+}
+
+
+# # this foul business...
+# String length = (): 10.
+
+# this foul business...
+String::length: => 10
+
+
+# block = :
+#   'potion' print.
+
+block: =>
+  print('potion')
+
+
+# if (age > 100): 'ancient'.
+
+if age > 100 then 'ancient'
+
+
+# author =
+#   if (title == 'Jonathan Strange & Mr. Norrell'):
+#     'Susanna Clarke'.
+#   elsif (title == 'The Star Diaries'):
+#     'Stanislaw Lem'.
+#   elsif (title == 'The Slynx'):
+#     'Tatyana Tolstaya'.
+#   else:
+#     '... probably Philip K. Dick'.
+
+switch author
+  when 'Jonathan Strange & Mr. Norrell'
+    'Susanna Clarke'
+  when 'The Star Diaries'
+    'Stanislaw Lem'
+  when 'The Slynx'
+    'Tatyana Tolstaya'
+  else
+    '... probably Philip K. Dick'
+
+
+# count = 8
+# while (count > 0):
+#   'quaff' print
+#   count--.
+
+count: 8
+while count > 0
+  print('quaff')
+  count--
+
+
+# 1 to 5 (a):
+#   a string print.
+
+print(a) for a in [1..5]
+
+
+# if (3 ?gender):
+#   "Huh? Numbers are sexed? That's amazing." print.
+
+if (3).gender?
+  print("Huh? Numbers are sexed? That's amazing.")
+
+
+# HomePage get = (url):
+#   session = url query ? at ('session').
+
+HomePage::get: url =>
+  session: url.query.session if url.query?
+
+
+# BTree = class: /left, /right.
+# b = BTree ()
+# b /left = BTree ()
+# b /right = BTree ()
+
+BTree:    =>
+b:        new BTree()
+b.left:   new BTree()
+b.right:  new BTree()
+
+
+# BTree = class: /left, /right.
+# b = BTree ()
+#
+# if (b ? /left):
+#   'left path found!' print.
+
+BTree: =>
+b: new BTree()
+
+print('left path found!') if b.left?

examples/underscore.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,594 @@
+
+  # Underscore.coffee
+  # (c) 2009 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
+  # Underscore is freely distributable under the terms of the MIT license.
+  # Portions of Underscore are inspired by or borrowed from Prototype.js,
+  # Oliver Steele's Functional, and John Resig's Micro-Templating.
+  # For all details and documentation:
+  # http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/
+
+
+  # ------------------------- Baseline setup ---------------------------------
+
+  # Establish the root object, "window" in the browser, or "global" on the server.
+  root: this
+
+
+  # Save the previous value of the "_" variable.
+  previousUnderscore: root._
+
+
+  # If Underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that
+  # can be used OO-style. This wrapper holds altered versions of all the
+  # underscore functions. Wrapped objects may be chained.
+  wrapper: obj =>
+    this._wrapped: obj
+    this
+
+
+  # Establish the object that gets thrown to break out of a loop iteration.
+  breaker: if typeof(StopIteration) is 'undefined' then '__break__' else StopIteration
+
+
+  # Create a safe reference to the Underscore object forreference below.
+  _: root._: obj => new wrapper(obj)
+
+
+  # Export the Underscore object for CommonJS.
+  if typeof(exports) != 'undefined' then exports._: _
+
+
+  # Create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes.
+  slice:                Array::slice
+  unshift:              Array::unshift
+  toString:             Object::toString
+  hasOwnProperty:       Object::hasOwnProperty
+  propertyIsEnumerable: Object::propertyIsEnumerable
+
+
+  # Current version.
+  _.VERSION: '0.5.5'
+
+
+  # ------------------------ Collection Functions: ---------------------------
+
+  # The cornerstone, an each implementation.
+  # Handles objects implementing forEach, arrays, and raw objects.
+  _.each: obj, iterator, context =>
+    index: 0
+    try
+      return obj.forEach(iterator, context) if obj.forEach
+      if _.isArray(obj) or _.isArguments(obj)
+        return iterator.call(context, obj[i], i, obj) for i in [0...obj.length]
+      iterator.call(context, val, key, obj) for key, val of obj
+    catch e
+      throw e if e isnt breaker
+    obj
+
+
+  # Return the results of applying the iterator to each element. Use JavaScript
+  # 1.6's version of map, if possible.
+  _.map: obj, iterator, context =>
+    return obj.map(iterator, context) if (obj and _.isFunction(obj.map))
+    results: []
+    _.each(obj) value, index, list =>
+      results.push(iterator.call(context, value, index, list))
+    results
+
+
+  # Reduce builds up a single result from a list of values. Also known as
+  # inject, or foldl. Uses JavaScript 1.8's version of reduce, if possible.
+  _.reduce: obj, memo, iterator, context =>
+    return obj.reduce(_.bind(iterator, context), memo) if (obj and _.isFunction(obj.reduce))
+    _.each(obj) value, index, list =>
+      memo: iterator.call(context, memo, value, index, list)
+    memo
+
+
+  # The right-associative version of reduce, also known as foldr. Uses
+  # JavaScript 1.8's version of reduceRight, if available.
+  _.reduceRight: obj, memo, iterator, context =>
+    return obj.reduceRight(_.bind(iterator, context), memo) if (obj and _.isFunction(obj.reduceRight))
+    _.each(_.clone(_.toArray(obj)).reverse()) value, index =>
+      memo: iterator.call(context, memo, value, index, obj)
+    memo
+
+
+  # Return the first value which passes a truth test.
+  _.detect: obj, iterator, context =>
+    result: null
+    _.each(obj) value, index, list =>
+      if iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
+        result: value
+        _.breakLoop()
+    result
+
+
+  # Return all the elements that pass a truth test. Use JavaScript 1.6's
+  # filter(), if it exists.
+  _.select: obj, iterator, context =>
+    if obj and _.isFunction(obj.filter) then return obj.filter(iterator, context)
+    results: []
+    _.each(obj) value, index, list =>
+      results.push(value) if iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
+    results
+
+
+  # Return all the elements for which a truth test fails.
+  _.reject: obj, iterator, context =>
+    results: []
+    _.each(obj) value, index, list =>
+      results.push(value) if not iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
+    results
+
+
+  # Determine whether all of the elements match a truth test. Delegate to
+  # JavaScript 1.6's every(), if it is present.
+  _.all: obj, iterator, context =>
+    iterator ||= _.identity
+    return obj.every(iterator, context) if obj and _.isFunction(obj.every)
+    result: true
+    _.each(obj) value, index, list =>
+      _.breakLoop() unless (result: result and iterator.call(context, value, index, list))
+    result
+
+
+  # Determine if at least one element in the object matches a truth test. Use
+  # JavaScript 1.6's some(), if it exists.
+  _.any: obj, iterator, context =>
+    iterator ||= _.identity
+    return obj.some(iterator, context) if obj and _.isFunction(obj.some)
+    result: false
+    _.each(obj) value, index, list =>
+      _.breakLoop() if (result: iterator.call(context, value, index, list))
+    result
+
+
+  # Determine if a given value is included in the array or object,
+  # based on '==='.
+  _.include: obj, target =>
+    return _.indexOf(obj, target) isnt -1 if _.isArray(obj)
+    for key, val of obj
+      return true if val is target
+    false
+
+
+  # Invoke a method with arguments on every item in a collection.
+  _.invoke: obj, method =>
+    args: _.rest(arguments, 2)
+    (if method then val[method] else val).apply(val, args) for val in obj
+
+
+  # Convenience version of a common use case of map: fetching a property.
+  _.pluck: obj, key =>
+    _.map(obj, (val => val[key]))
+
+
+  # Return the maximum item or (item-based computation).
+  _.max: obj, iterator, context =>
+    return Math.max.apply(Math, obj) if not iterator and _.isArray(obj)
+    result: {computed: -Infinity}
+    _.each(obj) value, index, list =>
+      computed: if iterator then iterator.call(context, value, index, list) else value
+      computed >= result.computed and (result: {value: value, computed: computed})
+    result.value
+
+
+  # Return the minimum element (or element-based computation).
+  _.min: obj, iterator, context =>
+    return Math.min.apply(Math, obj) if not iterator and _.isArray(obj)
+    result: {computed: Infinity}
+    _.each(obj) value, index, list =>
+      computed: if iterator then iterator.call(context, value, index, list) else value
+      computed < result.computed and (result: {value: value, computed: computed})
+    result.value
+
+
+  # Sort the object's values by a criteria produced by an iterator.
+  _.sortBy: obj, iterator, context =>
+    _.pluck(((_.map(obj) value, index, list =>
+      {value: value, criteria: iterator.call(context, value, index, list)}
+    ).sort() left, right =>
+      a: left.criteria; b: right.criteria
+      if a < b then -1 else if a > b then 1 else 0
+    ), 'value')
+
+
+  # Use a comparator function to figure out at what index an object should
+  # be inserted so as to maintain order. Uses binary search.
+  _.sortedIndex: array, obj, iterator =>
+    iterator ||= _.identity
+    low: 0; high: array.length
+    while low < high
+      mid: (low + high) >> 1
+      if iterator(array[mid]) < iterator(obj) then low: mid + 1 else high: mid
+    low
+
+
+  # Convert anything iterable into a real, live array.
+  _.toArray: iterable =>
+    return []                   if (!iterable)
+    return iterable.toArray()   if (iterable.toArray)
+    return iterable             if (_.isArray(iterable))
+    return slice.call(iterable) if (_.isArguments(iterable))
+    _.values(iterable)
+
+
+  # Return the number of elements in an object.
+  _.size: obj => _.toArray(obj).length
+
+
+  # -------------------------- Array Functions: ------------------------------
+
+  # Get the first element of an array. Passing "n" will return the first N
+  # values in the array. Aliased as "head". The "guard" check allows it to work
+  # with _.map.
+  _.first: array, n, guard =>
+    if n and not guard then slice.call(array, 0, n) else array[0]
+
+
+  # Returns everything but the first entry of the array. Aliased as "tail".
+  # Especially useful on the arguments object. Passing an "index" will return
+  # the rest of the values in the array from that index onward. The "guard"
+  # check allows it to work with _.map.
+  _.rest: array, index, guard =>
+    slice.call(array, if _.isUndefined(index) or guard then 1 else index)
+
+
+  # Get the last element of an array.
+  _.last: array => array[array.length - 1]
+
+
+  # Trim out all falsy values from an array.
+  _.compact: array => array[i] for i in [0...array.length] when array[i]
+
+
+  # Return a completely flattened version of an array.
+  _.flatten: array =>
+    _.reduce(array, []) memo, value =>
+      return memo.concat(_.flatten(value)) if _.isArray(value)
+      memo.push(value)
+      memo
+
+
+  # Return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s).
+  _.without: array =>
+    values: _.rest(arguments)
+    val for val in _.toArray(array) when not _.include(values, val)
+
+
+  # Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already
+  # been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm.
+  _.uniq: array, isSorted =>
+    memo: []
+    for el, i in _.toArray(array)
+      memo.push(el) if i is 0 || (if isSorted is true then _.last(memo) isnt el else not _.include(memo, el))
+    memo
+
+
+  # Produce an array that contains every item shared between all the
+  # passed-in arrays.
+  _.intersect: array =>
+    rest: _.rest(arguments)
+    _.select(_.uniq(array)) item =>
+      _.all(rest) other =>
+        _.indexOf(other, item) >= 0
+
+
+  # Zip together multiple lists into a single array -- elements that share
+  # an index go together.
+  _.zip: =>
+    args:       _.toArray(arguments)
+    length:     _.max(_.pluck(args, 'length'))
+    results:    new Array(length)
+    for i in [0...length]
+      results[i]: _.pluck(args, String(i))
+    results
+
+
+  # If the browser doesn't supply us with indexOf (I'm looking at you, MSIE),
+  # we need this function. Return the position of the first occurence of an
+  # item in an array, or -1 if the item is not included in the array.
+  _.indexOf: array, item =>
+    return array.indexOf(item) if array.indexOf
+    i: 0; l: array.length
+    while l - i
+      if array[i] is item then return i else i++
+    -1
+
+
+  # Provide JavaScript 1.6's lastIndexOf, delegating to the native function,
+  # if possible.
+  _.lastIndexOf: array, item =>
+    return array.lastIndexOf(item) if array.lastIndexOf
+    i: array.length
+    while i
+      if array[i] is item then return i else i--
+    -1
+
+
+  # Generate an integer Array containing an arithmetic progression. A port of
+  # the native Python range() function. See:
+  # http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range
+  _.range: start, stop, step =>
+    a:        _.toArray(arguments)
+    solo:     a.length <= 1
+    i: start: if solo then 0 else a[0];
+    stop:     if solo then a[0] else a[1];
+    step:     a[2] or 1
+    len:      Math.ceil((stop - start) / step)
+    return [] if len <= 0
+    range:    new Array(len)
+    idx:      0
+    while true
+      return range if (if step > 0 then i - stop else stop - i) >= 0
+      range[idx]: i
+      idx++
+      i+= step
+
+
+  # ----------------------- Function Functions: -----------------------------
+
+  # Create a function bound to a given object (assigning 'this', and arguments,
+  # optionally). Binding with arguments is also known as 'curry'.
+  _.bind: func, obj =>
+    args: _.rest(arguments, 2)
+    => func.apply(obj or root, args.concat(_.toArray(arguments)))
+
+
+  # Bind all of an object's methods to that object. Useful for ensuring that
+  # all callbacks defined on an object belong to it.
+  _.bindAll: obj =>
+    funcs: if arguments.length > 1 then _.rest(arguments) else _.functions(obj)
+    _.each(funcs, (f => obj[f]: _.bind(obj[f], obj)))
+    obj
+
+
+  # Delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls
+  # it with the arguments supplied.
+  _.delay: func, wait =>
+    args: _.rest(arguments, 2)
+    setTimeout((=> func.apply(func, args)), wait)
+
+
+  # Defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has
+  # cleared.
+  _.defer: func =>
+    _.delay.apply(_, [func, 1].concat(_.rest(arguments)))
+
+
+  # Returns the first function passed as an argument to the second,
+  # allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and
+  # conditionally execute the original function.
+  _.wrap: func, wrapper =>
+    => wrapper.apply(wrapper, [func].concat(_.toArray(arguments)))
+
+
+  # Returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each
+  # consuming the return value of the function that follows.
+  _.compose: =>
+    funcs: _.toArray(arguments)
+    =>
+      args: _.toArray(arguments)
+      for i in [(funcs.length - 1)..0]
+        args: [funcs[i].apply(this, args)]
+      args[0]
+
+
+  # ------------------------- Object Functions: ----------------------------
+
+  # Retrieve the names of an object's properties.
+  _.keys: obj =>
+    return _.range(0, obj.length) if _.isArray(obj)
+    key for key, val of obj
+
+
+  # Retrieve the values of an object's properties.
+  _.values: obj =>
+    _.map(obj, _.identity)
+
+
+  # Return a sorted list of the function names available in Underscore.
+  _.functions: obj =>
+    _.select(_.keys(obj), key => _.isFunction(obj[key])).sort()
+
+
+  # Extend a given object with all of the properties in a source object.
+  _.extend: destination, source =>
+    for key, val of source
+      destination[key]: val
+    destination
+
+
+  # Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object.
+  _.clone: obj =>
+    return obj.slice(0) if _.isArray(obj)
+    _.extend({}, obj)
+
+
+  # Invokes interceptor with the obj, and then returns obj.
+  # The primary purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain, in order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.
+  _.tap: obj, interceptor =>
+    interceptor(obj)
+    obj
+
+
+  # Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.
+  _.isEqual: a, b =>
+    # Check object identity.
+    return true if a is b
+    # Different types?
+    atype: typeof(a); btype: typeof(b)
+    return false if atype isnt btype
+    # Basic equality test (watch out for coercions).
+    return true if `a == b`
+    # One is falsy and the other truthy.
+    return false if (!a and b) or (a and !b)
+    # One of them implements an isEqual()?
+    return a.isEqual(b) if a.isEqual
+    # Check dates' integer values.
+    return a.getTime() is b.getTime() if _.isDate(a) and _.isDate(b)
+    # Both are NaN?
+    return true if _.isNaN(a) and _.isNaN(b)
+    # Compare regular expressions.
+    if _.isRegExp(a) and _.isRegExp(b)
+      return a.source     is b.source and
+             a.global     is b.global and
+             a.ignoreCase is b.ignoreCase and
+             a.multiline  is b.multiline
+    # If a is not an object by this point, we can't handle it.
+    return false if atype isnt 'object'
+    # Check for different array lengths before comparing contents.
+    return false if a.length and (a.length isnt b.length)
+    # Nothing else worked, deep compare the contents.
+    aKeys: _.keys(a); bKeys: _.keys(b)
+    # Different object sizes?
+    return false if aKeys.length isnt bKeys.length
+    # Recursive comparison of contents.
+    # for (var key in a) if (!_.isEqual(a[key], b[key])) return false;
+    return true
+
+
+  # Is a given array or object empty?
+  _.isEmpty:      obj => _.keys(obj).length is 0
+
+
+  # Is a given value a DOM element?
+  _.isElement:    obj => obj and obj.nodeType is 1
+
+
+  # Is a given value an array?
+  _.isArray:      obj => !!(obj and obj.concat and obj.unshift)
+
+
+  # Is a given variable an arguments object?
+  _.isArguments:  obj => obj and _.isNumber(obj.length) and !_.isArray(obj) and !propertyIsEnumerable.call(obj, 'length')
+
+
+  # Is the given value a function?
+  _.isFunction:   obj => !!(obj and obj.constructor and obj.call and obj.apply)
+
+
+  # Is the given value a string?
+  _.isString:     obj => !!(obj is '' or (obj and obj.charCodeAt and obj.substr))
+
+
+  # Is a given value a number?
+  _.isNumber:     obj => toString.call(obj) is '[object Number]'
+
+
+  # Is a given value a Date?
+  _.isDate:       obj => !!(obj and obj.getTimezoneOffset and obj.setUTCFullYear)
+
+
+  # Is the given value a regular expression?
+  _.isRegExp:     obj => !!(obj and obj.exec and (obj.ignoreCase or obj.ignoreCase is false))
+
+
+  # Is the given value NaN -- this one is interesting. NaN != NaN, and
+  # isNaN(undefined) == true, so we make sure it's a number first.
+  _.isNaN:        obj => _.isNumber(obj) and window.isNaN(obj)
+
+
+  # Is a given value equal to null?
+  _.isNull:       obj => obj is null
+
+
+  # Is a given variable undefined?
+  _.isUndefined:  obj => typeof obj is 'undefined'
+
+
+  # -------------------------- Utility Functions: --------------------------
+
+  # Run Underscore.js in noConflict mode, returning the '_' variable to its
+  # previous owner. Returns a reference to the Underscore object.
+  _.noConflict: =>
+    root._: previousUnderscore
+    this
+
+
+  # Keep the identity function around for default iterators.
+  _.identity: value => value
+
+
+  # Break out of the middle of an iteration.
+  _.breakLoop: => throw breaker
+
+
+  # Generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session).
+  # Useful for temporary DOM ids.
+  idCounter: 0
+  _.uniqueId: prefix =>
+    (prefix or '') + idCounter++
+
+
+  # JavaScript templating a-la ERB, pilfered from John Resig's
+  # "Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja", page 83.
+  _.template: str, data =>
+    `var fn = new Function('obj',
+      'var p=[],print=function(){p.push.apply(p,arguments);};' +
+      'with(obj){p.push(\'' +
+      str.
+        replace(/[\r\t\n]/g, " ").
+        split("<%").join("\t").
+        replace(/((^|%>)[^\t]*)'/g, "$1\r").
+        replace(/\t=(.*?)%>/g, "',$1,'").
+        split("\t").join("');").
+        split("%>").join("p.push('").
+        split("\r").join("\\'") +
+      "');}return p.join('');")`
+    if data then fn(data) else fn
+
+
+  # ------------------------------- Aliases ----------------------------------
+
+  _.forEach: _.each
+  _.foldl:   _.inject:      _.reduce
+  _.foldr:   _.reduceRight
+  _.filter:  _.select
+  _.every:   _.all
+  _.some:    _.any
+  _.head:    _.first
+  _.tail:    _.rest
+  _.methods: _.functions
+
+
+  #   /*------------------------ Setup the OOP Wrapper: --------------------------*/
+
+  # Helper function to continue chaining intermediate results.
+  result: obj, chain =>
+    if chain then _(obj).chain() else obj
+
+
+  # Add all of the Underscore functions to the wrapper object.
+  _.each(_.functions(_)) name =>
+    method: _[name]
+    wrapper.prototype[name]: =>
+      args: _.toArray(arguments)
+      unshift.call(args, this._wrapped)
+      result(method.apply(_, args), this._chain)
+
+
+  # Add all mutator Array functions to the wrapper.
+  _.each(['pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift']) name =>
+    method: Array.prototype[name]
+    wrapper.prototype[name]: =>
+      method.apply(this._wrapped, arguments)
+      result(this._wrapped, this._chain)
+
+
+  # Add all accessor Array functions to the wrapper.
+  _.each(['concat', 'join', 'slice']) name =>
+    method: Array.prototype[name]
+    wrapper.prototype[name]: =>
+      result(method.apply(this._wrapped, arguments), this._chain)
+
+
+  # Start chaining a wrapped Underscore object.
+  wrapper::chain: =>
+    this._chain: true
+    this
+
+
+  # Extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object.
+  wrapper::value: => this._wrapped

examples/underscore.cs

@@ -1,597 +0,0 @@
-# Underscore.js
-# (c) 2009 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
-# Underscore is freely distributable under the terms of the MIT license.
-# Portions of Underscore are inspired by or borrowed from Prototype.js,
-# Oliver Steele's Functional, and John Resig's Micro-Templating.
-# For all details and documentation:
-# http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/
-
-# ------------------------- Baseline setup ---------------------------------
-
-# Establish the root object, "window" in the browser, or "global" on the server.
-root: this
-
-# Save the previous value of the "_" variable.
-previousUnderscore: root._
-
-# If Underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that
-# can be used OO-style. This wrapper holds altered versions of all the
-# underscore functions. Wrapped objects may be chained.
-wrapper: obj => this._wrapped: obj.
-
-# Establish the object that gets thrown to break out of a loop iteration.
-breaker: if typeof(StopIteration) is 'undefined' then '__break__' else StopIteration.
-
-# Create a safe reference to the Underscore object for reference below.
-_: root._: obj => new wrapper(obj).
-
-# Export the Underscore object for CommonJS.
-if typeof(exports) != 'undefined' then exports._: _.
-
-# Create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes.
-slice:                Array.prototype.slice
-unshift:              Array.prototype.unshift
-toString:             Object.prototype.toString
-hasOwnProperty:       Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty
-propertyIsEnumerable: Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable
-
-# Current version.
-_.VERSION: '0.5.1'
-
-# ------------------------ Collection Functions: ---------------------------
-
-# The cornerstone, an each implementation.
-# Handles objects implementing forEach, arrays, and raw objects.
-_.each: obj, iterator, context =>
-  index: 0
-  try
-    return obj.forEach(iterator, context) if obj.forEach
-    return iterator.call(context, item, i, obj) for item, i in obj. if _.isArray(obj) or _.isArguments(obj)
-    iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj) for key in _.keys(obj).
-  catch e
-    throw e if e aint breaker.
-  obj.
-
-# Return the results of applying the iterator to each element. Use JavaScript
-# 1.6's version of map, if possible.
-_.map: obj, iterator, context =>
-  return obj.map(iterator, context) if (obj and _.isFunction(obj.map))
-  results: []
-  mapper: value, index, list => results.push(iterator.call(context, value, index, list)).
-  _.each(obj, mapper)
-  results.
-
-# Reduce builds up a single result from a list of values. Also known as
-# inject, or foldl. Uses JavaScript 1.8's version of reduce, if possible.
-_.reduce: obj, memo, iterator, context =>
-  return obj.reduce(_.bind(iterator, context), memo) if (obj and _.isFunction(obj.reduce))
-  reducer: value, index, list => memo: iterator.call(context, memo, value, index, list).
-  _.each(obj, reducer)
-  memo.
-
-# The right-associative version of reduce, also known as foldr. Uses
-# JavaScript 1.8's version of reduceRight, if available.
-_.reduceRight: obj, memo, iterator, context =>
-  return obj.reduceRight(_.bind(iterator, context), memo) if (obj and _.isFunction(obj.reduceRight))
-  reversed: _.clone(_.toArray(obj)).reverse()
-  reverser: value, index => memo: iterator.call(context, memo, value, index, obj).
-  _.each(reversed, reverser)
-  memo.
-
-  # Return the first value which passes a truth test.
-  _.detect: obj, iterator, context =>
-    result: null
-    _.each(obj, (value, index, list =>
-      if iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
-        result: value
-        _.breakLoop()..))
-    result.
-
-  # Return all the elements that pass a truth test. Use JavaScript 1.6's
-  # filter(), if it exists.
-  _.select: obj, iterator, context =>
-    if obj and _.isFunction(obj.filter) then return obj.filter(iterator, context).
-    results: []
-    _.each(obj, (value, index, list =>
-      iterator.call(context, value, index, list) and results.push(value).))
-    results.
-
-#
-#   # Return all the elements for which a truth test fails.
-#   _.reject = function(obj, iterator, context) {
-#     var results = [];
-#     _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-#       !iterator.call(context, value, index, list) && results.push(value);
-#     });
-#     return results;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Determine whether all of the elements match a truth test. Delegate to
-#   # JavaScript 1.6's every(), if it is present.
-#   _.all = function(obj, iterator, context) {
-#     iterator = iterator || _.identity;
-#     if (obj && _.isFunction(obj.every)) return obj.every(iterator, context);
-#     var result = true;
-#     _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-#       if (!(result = result && iterator.call(context, value, index, list))) _.breakLoop();
-#     });
-#     return result;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Determine if at least one element in the object matches a truth test. Use
-#   # JavaScript 1.6's some(), if it exists.
-#   _.any = function(obj, iterator, context) {
-#     iterator = iterator || _.identity;
-#     if (obj && _.isFunction(obj.some)) return obj.some(iterator, context);
-#     var result = false;
-#     _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-#       if (result = iterator.call(context, value, index, list)) _.breakLoop();
-#     });
-#     return result;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Determine if a given value is included in the array or object,
-#   # based on '==='.
-#   _.include = function(obj, target) {
-#     if (_.isArray(obj)) return _.indexOf(obj, target) != -1;
-#     var found = false;
-#     _.each(obj, function(value) {
-#       if (found = value === target) _.breakLoop();
-#     });
-#     return found;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Invoke a method with arguments on every item in a collection.
-#   _.invoke = function(obj, method) {
-#     var args = _.rest(arguments, 2);
-#     return _.map(obj, function(value) {
-#       return (method ? value[method] : value).apply(value, args);
-#     });
-#   };
-#
-#   # Convenience version of a common use case of map: fetching a property.
-#   _.pluck = function(obj, key) {
-#     return _.map(obj, function(value){ return value[key]; });
-#   };
-#
-#   # Return the maximum item or (item-based computation).
-#   _.max = function(obj, iterator, context) {
-#     if (!iterator && _.isArray(obj)) return Math.max.apply(Math, obj);
-#     var result = {computed : -Infinity};
-#     _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-#       var computed = iterator ? iterator.call(context, value, index, list) : value;
-#       computed >= result.computed && (result = {value : value, computed : computed});
-#     });
-#     return result.value;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Return the minimum element (or element-based computation).
-#   _.min = function(obj, iterator, context) {
-#     if (!iterator && _.isArray(obj)) return Math.min.apply(Math, obj);
-#     var result = {computed : Infinity};
-#     _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-#       var computed = iterator ? iterator.call(context, value, index, list) : value;
-#       computed < result.computed && (result = {value : value, computed : computed});
-#     });
-#     return result.value;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Sort the object's values by a criteria produced by an iterator.
-#   _.sortBy = function(obj, iterator, context) {
-#     return _.pluck(_.map(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-#       return {
-#         value : value,
-#         criteria : iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
-#       };
-#     }).sort(function(left, right) {
-#       var a = left.criteria, b = right.criteria;
-#       return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;
-#     }), 'value');
-#   };
-#
-#   # Use a comparator function to figure out at what index an object should
-#   # be inserted so as to maintain order. Uses binary search.
-#   _.sortedIndex = function(array, obj, iterator) {
-#     iterator = iterator || _.identity;
-#     var low = 0, high = array.length;
-#     while (low < high) {
-#       var mid = (low + high) >> 1;
-#       iterator(array[mid]) < iterator(obj) ? low = mid + 1 : high = mid;
-#     }
-#     return low;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Convert anything iterable into a real, live array.
-#   _.toArray = function(iterable) {
-#     if (!iterable)                return [];
-#     if (iterable.toArray)         return iterable.toArray();
-#     if (_.isArray(iterable))      return iterable;
-#     if (_.isArguments(iterable))  return slice.call(iterable);
-#     return _.map(iterable, function(val){ return val; });
-#   };
-#
-#   # Return the number of elements in an object.
-#   _.size = function(obj) {
-#     return _.toArray(obj).length;
-#   };
-#
-#   /*-------------------------- Array Functions: ------------------------------*/
-#
-#   # Get the first element of an array. Passing "n" will return the first N
-#   # values in the array. Aliased as "head". The "guard" check allows it to work
-#   # with _.map.
-#   _.first = function(array, n, guard) {
-#     return n && !guard ? slice.call(array, 0, n) : array[0];
-#   };
-#
-#   # Returns everything but the first entry of the array. Aliased as "tail".
-#   # Especially useful on the arguments object. Passing an "index" will return
-#   # the rest of the values in the array from that index onward. The "guard"
-#    //check allows it to work with _.map.
-#   _.rest = function(array, index, guard) {
-#     return slice.call(array, _.isUndefined(index) || guard ? 1 : index);
-#   };
-#
-#   # Get the last element of an array.
-#   _.last = function(array) {
-#     return array[array.length - 1];
-#   };
-#
-#   # Trim out all falsy values from an array.
-#   _.compact = function(array) {
-#     return _.select(array, function(value){ return !!value; });
-#   };
-#
-#   # Return a completely flattened version of an array.
-#   _.flatten = function(array) {
-#     return _.reduce(array, [], function(memo, value) {
-#       if (_.isArray(value)) return memo.concat(_.flatten(value));
-#       memo.push(value);
-#       return memo;
-#     });
-#   };
-#
-#   # Return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s).
-#   _.without = function(array) {
-#     var values = _.rest(arguments);
-#     return _.select(array, function(value){ return !_.include(values, value); });
-#   };
-#
-#   # Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already
-#   # been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm.
-#   _.uniq = function(array, isSorted) {
-#     return _.reduce(array, [], function(memo, el, i) {
-#       if (0 == i || (isSorted === true ? _.last(memo) != el : !_.include(memo, el))) memo.push(el);
-#       return memo;
-#     });
-#   };
-#
-#   # Produce an array that contains every item shared between all the
-#   # passed-in arrays.
-#   _.intersect = function(array) {
-#     var rest = _.rest(arguments);
-#     return _.select(_.uniq(array), function(item) {
-#       return _.all(rest, function(other) {
-#         return _.indexOf(other, item) >= 0;
-#       });
-#     });
-#   };
-#
-#   # Zip together multiple lists into a single array -- elements that share
-#   # an index go together.
-#   _.zip = function() {
-#     var args = _.toArray(arguments);
-#     var length = _.max(_.pluck(args, 'length'));
-#     var results = new Array(length);
-#     for (var i=0; i<length; i++) results[i] = _.pluck(args, String(i));
-#     return results;
-#   };
-#
-#   # If the browser doesn't supply us with indexOf (I'm looking at you, MSIE),
-#   # we need this function. Return the position of the first occurence of an
-#   # item in an array, or -1 if the item is not included in the array.
-#   _.indexOf = function(array, item) {
-#     if (array.indexOf) return array.indexOf(item);
-#     for (var i=0, l=array.length; i<l; i++) if (array[i] === item) return i;
-#     return -1;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Provide JavaScript 1.6's lastIndexOf, delegating to the native function,
-#   # if possible.
-#   _.lastIndexOf = function(array, item) {
-#     if (array.lastIndexOf) return array.lastIndexOf(item);
-#     var i = array.length;
-#     while (i--) if (array[i] === item) return i;
-#     return -1;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Generate an integer Array containing an arithmetic progression. A port of
-#   # the native Python range() function. See:
-#   # http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range
-#   _.range = function(start, stop, step) {
-#     var a     = _.toArray(arguments);
-#     var solo  = a.length <= 1;
-#     var start = solo ? 0 : a[0], stop = solo ? a[0] : a[1], step = a[2] || 1;
-#     var len   = Math.ceil((stop - start) / step);
-#     if (len <= 0) return [];
-#     var range = new Array(len);
-#     for (var i = start, idx = 0; true; i += step) {
-#       if ((step > 0 ? i - stop : stop - i) >= 0) return range;
-#       range[idx++] = i;
-#     }
-#   };
-#
-#   /* ----------------------- Function Functions: -----------------------------*/
-#
-#   # Create a function bound to a given object (assigning 'this', and arguments,
-#   # optionally). Binding with arguments is also known as 'curry'.
-#   _.bind = function(func, obj) {
-#     var args = _.rest(arguments, 2);
-#     return function() {
-#       return func.apply(obj || root, args.concat(_.toArray(arguments)));
-#     };
-#   };
-#
-#   # Bind all of an object's methods to that object. Useful for ensuring that
-#   # all callbacks defined on an object belong to it.
-#   _.bindAll = function(obj) {
-#     var funcs = _.rest(arguments);
-#     if (funcs.length == 0) funcs = _.functions(obj);
-#     _.each(funcs, function(f) { obj[f] = _.bind(obj[f], obj); });
-#     return obj;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls
-#   # it with the arguments supplied.
-#   _.delay = function(func, wait) {
-#     var args = _.rest(arguments, 2);
-#     return setTimeout(function(){ return func.apply(func, args); }, wait);
-#   };
-#
-#   # Defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has
-#   # cleared.
-#   _.defer = function(func) {
-#     return _.delay.apply(_, [func, 1].concat(_.rest(arguments)));
-#   };
-#
-#   # Returns the first function passed as an argument to the second,
-#   # allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and
-#   # conditionally execute the original function.
-#   _.wrap = function(func, wrapper) {
-#     return function() {
-#       var args = [func].concat(_.toArray(arguments));
-#       return wrapper.apply(wrapper, args);
-#     };
-#   };
-#
-#   # Returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each
-#   # consuming the return value of the function that follows.
-#   _.compose = function() {
-#     var funcs = _.toArray(arguments);
-#     return function() {
-#       var args = _.toArray(arguments);
-#       for (var i=funcs.length-1; i >= 0; i--) {
-#         args = [funcs[i].apply(this, args)];
-#       }
-#       return args[0];
-#     };
-#   };
-#
-#   /* ------------------------- Object Functions: ---------------------------- */
-#
-#   # Retrieve the names of an object's properties.
-#   _.keys = function(obj) {
-#     if(_.isArray(obj)) return _.range(0, obj.length);
-#     var keys = [];
-#     for (var key in obj) if (hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) keys.push(key);
-#     return keys;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Retrieve the values of an object's properties.
-#   _.values = function(obj) {
-#     return _.map(obj, _.identity);
-#   };
-#
-#   # Return a sorted list of the function names available in Underscore.
-#   _.functions = function(obj) {
-#     return _.select(_.keys(obj), function(key){ return _.isFunction(obj[key]); }).sort();
-#   };
-#
-#   # Extend a given object with all of the properties in a source object.
-#   _.extend = function(destination, source) {
-#     for (var property in source) destination[property] = source[property];
-#     return destination;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object.
-#   _.clone = function(obj) {
-#     if (_.isArray(obj)) return obj.slice(0);
-#     return _.extend({}, obj);
-#   };
-#
-#   # Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.
-#   _.isEqual = function(a, b) {
-#     # Check object identity.
-#     if (a === b) return true;
-#     # Different types?
-#     var atype = typeof(a), btype = typeof(b);
-#     if (atype != btype) return false;
-#     # Basic equality test (watch out for coercions).
-#     if (a == b) return true;
-#     # One is falsy and the other truthy.
-#     if ((!a && b) || (a && !b)) return false;
-#     # One of them implements an isEqual()?
-#     if (a.isEqual) return a.isEqual(b);
-#     # Check dates' integer values.
-#     if (_.isDate(a) && _.isDate(b)) return a.getTime() === b.getTime();
-#     # Both are NaN?
-#     if (_.isNaN(a) && _.isNaN(b)) return true;
-#     # Compare regular expressions.
-#     if (_.isRegExp(a) && _.isRegExp(b))
-#       return a.source     === b.source &&
-#              a.global     === b.global &&
-#              a.ignoreCase === b.ignoreCase &&
-#              a.multiline  === b.multiline;
-#     # If a is not an object by this point, we can't handle it.
-#     if (atype !== 'object') return false;
-#     # Check for different array lengths before comparing contents.
-#     if (a.length && (a.length !== b.length)) return false;
-#     # Nothing else worked, deep compare the contents.
-#     var aKeys = _.keys(a), bKeys = _.keys(b);
-#     # Different object sizes?
-#     if (aKeys.length != bKeys.length) return false;
-#     # Recursive comparison of contents.
-#     for (var key in a) if (!_.isEqual(a[key], b[key])) return false;
-#     return true;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Is a given array or object empty?
-#   _.isEmpty = function(obj) {
-#     return _.keys(obj).length == 0;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Is a given value a DOM element?
-#   _.isElement = function(obj) {
-#     return !!(obj && obj.nodeType == 1);
-#   };
-#
-#   # Is a given variable an arguments object?
-#   _.isArguments = function(obj) {
-#     return obj && _.isNumber(obj.length) && !_.isArray(obj) && !propertyIsEnumerable.call(obj, 'length');
-#   };
-#
-#   # Is the given value NaN -- this one is interesting. NaN != NaN, and
-#   # isNaN(undefined) == true, so we make sure it's a number first.
-#   _.isNaN = function(obj) {
-#     return _.isNumber(obj) && isNaN(obj);
-#   };
-#
-#   # Is a given value equal to null?
-#   _.isNull = function(obj) {
-#     return obj === null;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Is a given variable undefined?
-#   _.isUndefined = function(obj) {
-#     return typeof obj == 'undefined';
-#   };
-#
-#   # Invokes interceptor with the obj, and then returns obj.
-#   # The primary purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain, in order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.
-#   _.tap = function(obj, interceptor) {
-#     interceptor(obj);
-#     return obj;
-#   }
-#
-#   # Define the isArray, isDate, isFunction, isNumber, isRegExp, and isString
-#   # functions based on their toString identifiers.
-#   var types = ['Array', 'Date', 'Function', 'Number', 'RegExp', 'String'];
-#   for (var i=0, l=types.length; i<l; i++) {
-#     (function() {
-#       var identifier = '[object ' + types[i] + ']';
-#       _['is' + types[i]] = function(obj) { return toString.call(obj) == identifier; };
-#     })();
-#   }
-#
-#   /* -------------------------- Utility Functions: -------------------------- */
-#
-#   # Run Underscore.js in noConflict mode, returning the '_' variable to its
-#   # previous owner. Returns a reference to the Underscore object.
-#   _.noConflict = function() {
-#     root._ = previousUnderscore;
-#     return this;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Keep the identity function around for default iterators.
-#   _.identity = function(value) {
-#     return value;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Break out of the middle of an iteration.
-#   _.breakLoop = function() {
-#     throw breaker;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session).
-#   # Useful for temporary DOM ids.
-#   var idCounter = 0;
-#   _.uniqueId = function(prefix) {
-#     var id = idCounter++;
-#     return prefix ? prefix + id : id;
-#   };
-#
-#   # JavaScript templating a-la ERB, pilfered from John Resig's
-#   # "Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja", page 83.
-#   _.template = function(str, data) {
-#     var fn = new Function('obj',
-#       'var p=[],print=function(){p.push.apply(p,arguments);};' +
-#       'with(obj){p.push(\'' +
-#       str
-#         .replace(/[\r\t\n]/g, " ")
-#         .split("<%").join("\t")
-#         .replace(/((^|%>)[^\t]*)'/g, "$1\r")
-#         .replace(/\t=(.*?)%>/g, "',$1,'")
-#         .split("\t").join("');")
-#         .split("%>").join("p.push('")
-#         .split("\r").join("\\'")
-#     + "');}return p.join('');");
-#     return data ? fn(data) : fn;
-#   };
-#
-#   /*------------------------------- Aliases ----------------------------------*/
-#
-#   _.forEach  = _.each;
-#   _.foldl    = _.inject       = _.reduce;
-#   _.foldr    = _.reduceRight;
-#   _.filter   = _.select;
-#   _.every    = _.all;
-#   _.some     = _.any;
-#   _.head     = _.first;
-#   _.tail     = _.rest;
-#   _.methods  = _.functions;
-#
-#   /*------------------------ Setup the OOP Wrapper: --------------------------*/
-#
-#   # Helper function to continue chaining intermediate results.
-#   var result = function(obj, chain) {
-#     return chain ? _(obj).chain() : obj;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Add all of the Underscore functions to the wrapper object.
-#   _.each(_.functions(_), function(name) {
-#     var method = _[name];
-#     wrapper.prototype[name] = function() {
-#       unshift.call(arguments, this._wrapped);
-#       return result(method.apply(_, arguments), this._chain);
-#     };
-#   });
-#
-#   # Add all mutator Array functions to the wrapper.
-#   _.each(['pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift'], function(name) {
-#     var method = Array.prototype[name];
-#     wrapper.prototype[name] = function() {
-#       method.apply(this._wrapped, arguments);
-#       return result(this._wrapped, this._chain);
-#     };
-#   });
-#
-#   # Add all accessor Array functions to the wrapper.
-#   _.each(['concat', 'join', 'slice'], function(name) {
-#     var method = Array.prototype[name];
-#     wrapper.prototype[name] = function() {
-#       return result(method.apply(this._wrapped, arguments), this._chain);
-#     };
-#   });
-#
-#   # Start chaining a wrapped Underscore object.
-#   wrapper.prototype.chain = function() {
-#     this._chain = true;
-#     return this;
-#   };
-#
-#   # Extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object.
-#   wrapper.prototype.value = function() {
-#     return this._wrapped;
-#   };
-#
-# ()

lib-js/coffee-script.js

@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-var FILE = require("file");
-var OS = require("os");
-
-exports.run = function(args) {
-    // TODO: non-REPL
-
-    args.shift();
-
-    if (args.length) {
-        require(FILE.absolute(args[0]));
-        return;
-    }
-
-    while (true)
-    {
-        try {
-            system.stdout.write("cs> ").flush();
-
-            var result = exports.cs_eval(require("readline").readline());
-
-            if (result !== undefined)
-                print(result);
-
-        } catch (e) {
-            print(e);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// executes the coffee-script Ruby program to convert from CoffeeScript to Objective-J.
-// eventually this will hopefully be replaced by a JavaScript program.
-var coffeePath = FILE.path(module.path).dirname().dirname().join("bin", "coffee-script");
-
-exports.compileFile = function(path) {
-    var coffee = OS.popen([coffeePath, "--print", path]);
-
-    if (coffee.wait() !== 0)
-        throw new Error("coffee compiler error");
-
-    return coffee.stdout.read();
-}
-
-exports.compile = function(source) {
-    var coffee = OS.popen([coffeePath, "-e"]);
-
-    coffee.stdin.write(source).flush().close();
-
-    if (coffee.wait() !== 0)
-        throw new Error("coffee compiler error");
-
-    return coffee.stdout.read();
-}
-
-// these two functions are equivalent to objective-j's objj_eval/make_narwhal_factory.
-// implemented as a call to coffee and objj_eval/make_narwhal_factory
-exports.cs_eval = function(source) {
-    init();
-
-    var code = exports.compile(source);
-
-    // strip the function wrapper, we add our own.
-    // TODO: this is very fragile
-    code = code.split("\n").slice(1,-2).join("\n");
-
-    return eval(code);
-}
-
-exports.make_narwhal_factory = function(path) {
-    init();
-
-    var code = exports.compileFile(path);
-
-    // strip the function wrapper, we add our own.
-    // TODO: this is very fragile
-    code = code.split("\n").slice(1,-2).join("\n");
-
-    var factoryText = "function(require,exports,module,system,print){" + code + "/**/\n}";
-
-    if (system.engine === "rhino")
-        return Packages.org.mozilla.javascript.Context.getCurrentContext().compileFunction(global, factoryText, path, 0, null);
-
-    // eval requires parenthesis, but parenthesis break compileFunction.
-    else
-        return eval("(" + factoryText + ")");
-}
-
-
-var init = function() {
-    // make sure it's only done once
-    init = function(){}
-}

lib-js/coffee-script/loader.js

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-var coffeescript = null;
-
-function CoffeeScriptLoader() {
-    var loader = {};
-    var factories = {};
-    
-    loader.reload = function(topId, path) {
-        if (!coffeescript) coffeescript = require("coffee-script");
-        
-        //print("loading objective-j: " + topId + " (" + path + ")");
-        factories[topId] = coffeescript.make_narwhal_factory(path);
-    }
-    
-    loader.load = function(topId, path) {
-        if (!factories.hasOwnProperty(topId))
-            loader.reload(topId, path);
-        return factories[topId];
-    }
-    
-    return loader;
-};
-
-require.loader.loaders.unshift([".cs", CoffeeScriptLoader()]);

lib/coffee-script.rb

@@ -4,12 +4,13 @@ require "coffee_script/parser"
 require "coffee_script/nodes"
 require "coffee_script/value"
 require "coffee_script/scope"
+require "coffee_script/rewriter"
 require "coffee_script/parse_error"
 
 # Namespace for all CoffeeScript internal classes.
 module CoffeeScript
 
-  VERSION = '0.1.2'   # Keep in sync with the gemspec.
+  VERSION = '0.2.4'   # Keep in sync with the gemspec.
 
   # Compile a script (String or IO) to JavaScript.
   def self.compile(script, options={})

lib/coffee_script/CoffeeScript.tmbundle/Preferences/CoffeeScript.tmPreferences

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 	<key>name</key>
 	<string>comments</string>
 	<key>scope</key>
-	<string>source.cs</string>
+	<string>source.coffee</string>
 	<key>settings</key>
 	<dict>
 		<key>shellVariables</key>

lib/coffee_script/CoffeeScript.tmbundle/Syntaxes/CoffeeScript.tmLanguage

@@ -6,11 +6,14 @@
 	<string>CoffeeScript Syntax: version 1</string>
 	<key>fileTypes</key>
 	<array>
-		<string>cs</string>
-		<string>coffeescript</string>
+		<string>coffee</string>
 	</array>
 	<key>name</key>
 	<string>CoffeeScript</string>
+	<key>foldingStartMarker</key>
+	<string>^.*[:=] \{[^\}]*$</string>
+	<key>foldingStopMarker</key>
+	<string>\s*\}</string>
 	<key>patterns</key>
 	<array>
 		<dict>
@@ -19,30 +22,30 @@
 				<key>1</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>entity.name.function.cs</string>
+					<string>entity.name.function.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 				<key>2</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>keyword.operator.cs</string>
+					<string>keyword.operator.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 				<key>3</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>variable.parameter.function.cs</string>
+					<string>variable.parameter.function.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 				<key>4</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>storage.type.function.cs</string>
+					<string>storage.type.function.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 			</dict>
 			<key>comment</key>
 			<string>match stuff like: funcName: =&gt; … </string>
 			<key>match</key>
-			<string>([a-zA-Z_?.$]*)\s*(=|:)\s*([\w,\s]*?)\s*(=&gt;)</string>
+			<string>([a-zA-Z0-9_?.$:*]*)\s*(=|:)\s*([\w,\s]*?)\s*(=&gt;)</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>meta.function.cs</string>
+			<string>meta.function.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>captures</key>
@@ -50,20 +53,20 @@
 				<key>1</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>variable.parameter.function.cs</string>
+					<string>variable.parameter.function.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 				<key>2</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>storage.type.function.cs</string>
+					<string>storage.type.function.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 			</dict>
 			<key>comment</key>
 			<string>match stuff like: a =&gt; … </string>
 			<key>match</key>
-			<string>([a-zA-Z_?., $]*)\s*(=&gt;)</string>
+			<string>([a-zA-Z0-9_?., $:*]*)\s*(=&gt;)</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>meta.inline.function.cs</string>
+			<string>meta.inline.function.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>captures</key>
@@ -71,12 +74,12 @@
 				<key>1</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>keyword.operator.new.cs</string>
+					<string>keyword.operator.new.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 				<key>2</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>entity.name.type.instance.cs</string>
+					<string>entity.name.type.instance.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 			</dict>
 			<key>match</key>
@@ -88,8 +91,32 @@
 			<key>match</key>
 			<string>\b((0(x|X)[0-9a-fA-F]+)|([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?(e[+\-]?[0-9]+)?))\b</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>constant.numeric.cs</string>
+			<string>constant.numeric.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
+    <dict>
+      <key>name</key>
+      <string>string.quoted.heredoc.coffee</string>
+      <key>begin</key>
+      <string>("""|''')</string>
+      <key>end</key>
+      <string>("""|''')</string>
+      <key>beginCaptures</key>
+      <dict>
+				<key>0</key>
+				<dict>
+					<key>name</key>
+					<string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.coffee</string>
+				</dict>
+			</dict>
+      <key>endCaptures</key>
+      <dict>
+				<key>0</key>
+				<dict>
+					<key>name</key>
+					<string>punctuation.definition.string.end.coffee</string>
+				</dict>
+			</dict>
+    </dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>begin</key>
 			<string>'</string>
@@ -98,7 +125,7 @@
 				<key>0</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.cs</string>
+					<string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 			</dict>
 			<key>end</key>
@@ -108,18 +135,18 @@
 				<key>0</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>punctuation.definition.string.end.cs</string>
+					<string>punctuation.definition.string.end.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 			</dict>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>string.quoted.single.cs</string>
+			<string>string.quoted.single.coffee</string>
 			<key>patterns</key>
 			<array>
 				<dict>
 					<key>match</key>
 					<string>\\(x\h{2}|[0-2][0-7]{,2}|3[0-6][0-7]?|37[0-7]?|[4-7][0-7]?|.)</string>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>constant.character.escape.cs</string>
+					<string>constant.character.escape.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 			</array>
 		</dict>
@@ -131,7 +158,7 @@
 				<key>0</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.cs</string>
+					<string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 			</dict>
 			<key>end</key>
@@ -141,18 +168,18 @@
 				<key>0</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>punctuation.definition.string.end.cs</string>
+					<string>punctuation.definition.string.end.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 			</dict>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>string.quoted.double.cs</string>
+			<string>string.quoted.double.coffee</string>
 			<key>patterns</key>
 			<array>
 				<dict>
 					<key>match</key>
 					<string>\\(x\h{2}|[0-2][0-7]{,2}|3[0-6][0-7]|37[0-7]?|[4-7][0-7]?|.)</string>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>constant.character.escape.cs</string>
+					<string>constant.character.escape.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 			</array>
 		</dict>
@@ -164,7 +191,7 @@
 				<key>0</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.cs</string>
+					<string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 			</dict>
 			<key>end</key>
@@ -174,18 +201,18 @@
 				<key>0</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>punctuation.definition.string.end.cs</string>
+					<string>punctuation.definition.string.end.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 			</dict>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>string.quoted.script.cs</string>
+			<string>string.quoted.script.coffee</string>
 			<key>patterns</key>
 			<array>
 				<dict>
 					<key>match</key>
 					<string>\\(x\h{2}|[0-2][0-7]{,2}|3[0-6][0-7]|37[0-7]?|[4-7][0-7]?|.)</string>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>constant.character.escape.cs</string>
+					<string>constant.character.escape.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 			</array>
 		</dict>
@@ -195,61 +222,80 @@
 				<key>1</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>punctuation.definition.comment.cs</string>
+					<string>punctuation.definition.comment.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 			</dict>
 			<key>match</key>
 			<string>(#).*$\n?</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>comment.line.cs</string>
+			<string>comment.line.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>match</key>
-			<string>\b(break|when|catch|continue|else|finally|for|if|return|switch|then|throw|try|unless|while)\b</string>
+			<string>\b(break|by|catch|continue|else|finally|for|in|of|if|return|switch|then|throw|try|unless|when|while)\b</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>keyword.control.cs</string>
+			<string>keyword.control.coffee</string>
+		</dict>
+		<dict>
+			<key>match</key>
+			<string>\b([a-zA-Z$_](\w|\$|:|\.)*)(\:)\s</string>
+			<key>name</key>
+			<string>variable.assignment.coffee</string>
+			<key>captures</key>
+			<dict>
+				<key>1</key>
+				<dict>
+					<key>name</key>
+					<string>entity.name.function.coffee</string>
+				</dict>
+				<key>3</key>
+				<dict>
+					<key>name</key>
+					<string>keyword.operator.coffee</string>
+				</dict>
+			</dict>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>match</key>
 			<string>\b(true|on|yes)\b</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>constant.language.boolean.true.cs</string>
+			<string>constant.language.boolean.true.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>match</key>
 			<string>\b(false|off|no)\b</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>constant.language.boolean.false.cs</string>
+			<string>constant.language.boolean.false.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>match</key>
 			<string>\bnull\b</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>constant.language.null.cs</string>
+			<string>constant.language.null.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>match</key>
 			<string>\b(super|this|extends)\b</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>variable.language.cs</string>
+			<string>variable.language.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>match</key>
-			<string>\b(debugger)\b</string>
+			<string>\b(debugger|\\)\b</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>keyword.other.cs</string>
+			<string>keyword.other.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>match</key>
-			<string>!|\$|%|&amp;|\*|\-\-|\-|\+\+|\+|~|===|==|=|!=|!==|&lt;=|&gt;=|&lt;&lt;=|&gt;&gt;=|&gt;&gt;&gt;=|&lt;&gt;|&lt;|&gt;|!|&amp;&amp;|\?|\|\||\:|\*=|(?&lt;!\()/=|%=|\+=|\-=|&amp;=|\^=|\b(in|instanceof|new|delete|typeof|and|or|is|aint|not)\b</string>
+			<string>!|%|&amp;|\*|\/|\-\-|\-|\+\+|\+|~|===|==|=|!=|!==|&lt;=|&gt;=|&lt;&lt;=|&gt;&gt;=|&gt;&gt;&gt;=|&lt;&gt;|&lt;|&gt;|!|&amp;&amp;|\?|\|\||\:|\*=|(?&lt;!\()/=|%=|\+=|\-=|&amp;=|\^=|\b(instanceof|new|delete|typeof|and|or|is|isnt|not)\b</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>keyword.operator.cs</string>
+			<string>keyword.operator.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>match</key>
 			<string>\b(Infinity|NaN|undefined)\b</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>constant.language.cs</string>
+			<string>constant.language.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>begin</key>
@@ -259,7 +305,7 @@
 				<key>1</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.cs</string>
+					<string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 			</dict>
 			<key>end</key>
@@ -269,18 +315,18 @@
 				<key>1</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>punctuation.definition.string.end.cs</string>
+					<string>punctuation.definition.string.end.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 			</dict>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>string.regexp.cs</string>
+			<string>string.regexp.coffee</string>
 			<key>patterns</key>
 			<array>
 				<dict>
 					<key>match</key>
 					<string>\\.</string>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>constant.character.escape.cs</string>
+					<string>constant.character.escape.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 			</array>
 		</dict>
@@ -288,41 +334,41 @@
 			<key>match</key>
 			<string>\;</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>punctuation.terminator.statement.cs</string>
+			<string>punctuation.terminator.statement.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>match</key>
 			<string>,[ |\t]*</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>meta.delimiter.object.comma.cs</string>
+			<string>meta.delimiter.object.comma.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>match</key>
 			<string>\.</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>meta.delimiter.method.period.cs</string>
+			<string>meta.delimiter.method.period.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>match</key>
 			<string>\{|\}</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>meta.brace.curly.cs</string>
+			<string>meta.brace.curly.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>match</key>
 			<string>\(|\)</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>meta.brace.round.cs</string>
+			<string>meta.brace.round.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>match</key>
 			<string>\[|\]</string>
 			<key>name</key>
-			<string>meta.brace.square.cs</string>
+			<string>meta.brace.square.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
 	</array>
 	<key>scopeName</key>
-	<string>source.cs</string>
+	<string>source.coffee</string>
 	<key>uuid</key>
 	<string>5B520980-A7D5-4E10-8582-1A4C889A8DE5</string>
 </dict>

lib/coffee_script/command_line.rb

@@ -1,30 +1,42 @@
 require 'optparse'
 require 'fileutils'
 require 'open3'
-require File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../coffee-script')
+begin
+  require File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../coffee-script')
+rescue LoadError => e
+  puts(e.message)
+  puts("use \"rake build:parser\" to regenerate parser.rb")
+  exit(1)
+end
 
 module CoffeeScript
 
-  # The CommandLine handles all of the functionality of the `coffee-script`
+  # The CommandLine handles all of the functionality of the `coffee`
   # utility.
   class CommandLine
 
     BANNER = <<-EOS
-coffee-script compiles CoffeeScript source files into JavaScript.
+coffee compiles CoffeeScript source files into JavaScript.
 
 Usage:
-  coffee-script path/to/script.cs
+  coffee path/to/script.coffee
     EOS
 
     # Seconds to pause between checks for changed source files.
     WATCH_INTERVAL = 0.5
 
+    # Command to execute in Narwhal
+    PACKAGE = File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../..')
+    LAUNCHER = "narwhal -p #{PACKAGE} -e 'require(\"coffee-script\").run(system.args);'"
+
     # Run the CommandLine off the contents of ARGV.
     def initialize
       @mtimes = {}
       parse_options
+      return launch_repl if @options[:interactive]
       return eval_scriptlet if @options[:eval]
       check_sources
+      return run_scripts if @options[:run]
       @sources.each {|source| compile_javascript(source) }
       watch_coffee_scripts if @options[:watch]
     end
@@ -100,17 +112,37 @@ Usage:
       puts js
     end
 
+    # Use Narwhal to run an interactive CoffeeScript session.
+    def launch_repl
+      exec "#{LAUNCHER}"
+    rescue Errno::ENOENT
+      puts "Error: Narwhal must be installed to use the interactive REPL."
+      exit(1)
+    end
+
+    # Use Narwhal to compile and execute CoffeeScripts.
+    def run_scripts
+      sources = @sources.join(' ')
+      exec "#{LAUNCHER} #{sources}"
+    rescue Errno::ENOENT
+      puts "Error: Narwhal must be installed in order to execute CoffeeScripts."
+      exit(1)
+    end
+
     # Print the tokens that the lexer generates from a source script.
     def tokens(script)
       puts Lexer.new.tokenize(script).inspect
     end
 
     # Compile a single source file to JavaScript.
-    def compile(script, source='')
+    def compile(script, source='error')
       begin
-        CoffeeScript.compile(script, :no_wrap => @options[:no_wrap])
-      rescue CoffeeScript::ParseError => e
-        STDERR.puts e.message(source)
+        options = {}
+        options[:no_wrap] = true if @options[:no_wrap]
+        options[:globals] = true if @options[:globals]
+        CoffeeScript.compile(script, options)
+      rescue CoffeeScript::ParseError, SyntaxError => e
+        STDERR.puts "#{source}: #{e.message}"
         exit(1) unless @options[:watch]
         nil
       end
@@ -134,6 +166,12 @@ Usage:
     def parse_options
       @options = {}
       @option_parser = OptionParser.new do |opts|
+        opts.on('-i', '--interactive', 'run a CoffeeScript REPL (requires Narwhal)') do |i|
+          @options[:interactive] = true
+        end
+        opts.on('-r', '--run', 'compile and run a script (requires Narwhal)') do |r|
+          @options[:run] = true
+        end
         opts.on('-o', '--output [DIR]', 'set the directory for compiled JavaScript') do |d|
           @options[:output] = d
           FileUtils.mkdir_p(d) unless File.exists?(d)
@@ -147,7 +185,7 @@ Usage:
         opts.on('-l', '--lint', 'pipe the compiled JavaScript through JSLint') do |l|
           @options[:lint] = true
         end
-        opts.on('-e', '--eval', 'eval a little scriptlet or read from stdin') do |e|
+        opts.on('-e', '--eval', 'compile a cli scriptlet or read from stdin') do |e|
           @options[:eval] = true
         end
         opts.on('-t', '--tokens', 'print the tokens that the lexer produces') do |t|
@@ -156,15 +194,18 @@ Usage:
         opts.on('-v', '--verbose', 'print at every step of code generation') do |v|
           ENV['VERBOSE'] = 'true'
         end
-        opts.on('-n', '--no-wrap', 'suppress the top-level safety function wrapper') do |n|
+        opts.on('-n', '--no-wrap', 'raw output, no function safety wrapper') do |n|
           @options[:no_wrap] = true
         end
+        opts.on('-g', '--globals', 'attach all top-level variable as globals') do |n|
+          @options[:globals] = true
+        end
         opts.on_tail('--install-bundle', 'install the CoffeeScript TextMate bundle') do |i|
           install_bundle
           exit
         end
-        opts.on_tail('--version', 'display coffee-script version') do
-          puts "coffee-script version #{CoffeeScript::VERSION}"
+        opts.on_tail('--version', 'display CoffeeScript version') do
+          puts "CoffeeScript version #{CoffeeScript::VERSION}"
           exit
         end
         opts.on_tail('-h', '--help', 'display this help message') do

lib/coffee_script/grammar.y

@@ -1,79 +1,72 @@
 class Parser
 
-# Declare tokens produced by the lexer
-token IF ELSE THEN UNLESS
+# Declare terminal tokens produced by the lexer.
+token IF ELSE UNLESS
 token NUMBER STRING REGEX
 token TRUE FALSE YES NO ON OFF
-token IDENTIFIER PROPERTY_ACCESS
+token IDENTIFIER PROPERTY_ACCESS PROTOTYPE_ACCESS
 token CODE PARAM NEW RETURN
 token TRY CATCH FINALLY THROW
 token BREAK CONTINUE
-token FOR IN WHILE
-token SWITCH WHEN
+token FOR IN OF BY WHEN WHILE
+token SWITCH LEADING_WHEN
 token DELETE INSTANCEOF TYPEOF
 token SUPER EXTENDS
+token ARGUMENTS
 token NEWLINE
 token COMMENT
 token JS
+token INDENT OUTDENT
 
 # Declare order of operations.
 prechigh
+  left     '?'
   nonassoc UMINUS NOT '!' '!!' '~' '++' '--'
   left     '*' '/' '%'
   left     '+' '-'
   left     '<<' '>>' '>>>'
   left     '&' '|' '^'
   left     '<=' '<' '>' '>='
-  right    '==' '!=' IS AINT
+  right    '==' '!=' IS ISNT
   left     '&&' '||' AND OR
-  right    '-=' '+=' '/=' '*='
+  right    '-=' '+=' '/=' '*=' '%='
   right    DELETE INSTANCEOF TYPEOF
-  left     "."
-  right    THROW FOR IN WHILE NEW SUPER
-  left     UNLESS IF ELSE EXTENDS
-  left     ":" '||:' '&&:'
+  left     '.'
+  right    INDENT
+  left     OUTDENT
+  right    WHEN LEADING_WHEN IN OF BY
+  right    THROW FOR NEW SUPER
+  left     EXTENDS
+  left     ASSIGN '||=' '&&='
   right    RETURN
+  right    '=>' UNLESS IF ELSE WHILE
 preclow
 
-# We expect 4 shift/reduce errors for optional syntax.
-# There used to be 252 -- greatly improved.
-expect 4
-
 rule
 
   # All parsing will end in this rule, being the trunk of the AST.
   Root:
-    /* nothing */                     { result = Expressions.new([]) }
-  | Terminator                        { result = Expressions.new([]) }
+    /* nothing */                     { result = Expressions.new }
+  | Terminator                        { result = Expressions.new }
   | Expressions                       { result = val[0] }
+  | Block Terminator                  { result = val[0] }
   ;
 
   # Any list of expressions or method body, seperated by line breaks or semis.
   Expressions:
-    Expression                        { result = Expressions.new(val) }
+    Expression                        { result = Expressions.wrap(val) }
   | Expressions Terminator Expression { result = val[0] << val[2] }
   | Expressions Terminator            { result = val[0] }
-  | Terminator Expressions            { result = val[1] }
   ;
 
-  # All types of expressions in our language.
+  # All types of expressions in our language. The basic unit of CoffeeScript
+  # is the expression.
   Expression:
-    PureExpression
-  | Statement
-  ;
-
-  # The parts that are natural JavaScript expressions.
-  PureExpression:
-    Literal
-  | Value
+    Value
   | Call
   | Code
   | Operation
-  ;
-
-  # We have to take extra care to convert these statements into expressions.
-  Statement:
-    Assign
+  | Assign
   | If
   | Try
   | Throw
@@ -82,22 +75,25 @@ rule
   | For
   | Switch
   | Extends
+  | Splat
+  | Existence
   | Comment
   ;
 
-  # All tokens that can terminate an expression.
+  # A block of expressions. Note that the Rewriter will convert some postfix
+  # forms into blocks for us, by altering the token stream.
+  Block:
+    INDENT Expressions OUTDENT        { result = val[1] }
+  | INDENT OUTDENT                    { result = Expressions.new }
+  ;
+
+  # Tokens that can terminate an expression.
   Terminator:
     "\n"
   | ";"
   ;
 
-  # All tokens that can serve to begin the second block of a multi-part expression.
-  Then:
-    THEN
-  | Terminator
-  ;
-
-  # All hard-coded values.
+  # All hard-coded values. These can be printed straight to JavaScript.
   Literal:
     NUMBER                            { result = LiteralNode.new(val[0]) }
   | STRING                            { result = LiteralNode.new(val[0]) }
@@ -105,6 +101,7 @@ rule
   | REGEX                             { result = LiteralNode.new(val[0]) }
   | BREAK                             { result = LiteralNode.new(val[0]) }
   | CONTINUE                          { result = LiteralNode.new(val[0]) }
+  | ARGUMENTS                         { result = LiteralNode.new(val[0]) }
   | TRUE                              { result = LiteralNode.new(true) }
   | FALSE                             { result = LiteralNode.new(false) }
   | YES                               { result = LiteralNode.new(true) }
@@ -113,20 +110,22 @@ rule
   | OFF                               { result = LiteralNode.new(false) }
   ;
 
-  # Assignment to a variable.
+  # Assignment to a variable (or index).
   Assign:
-    Value ":" Expression              { result = AssignNode.new(val[0], val[2]) }
+    Value ASSIGN Expression           { result = AssignNode.new(val[0], val[2]) }
   ;
 
-  # Assignment within an object literal.
+  # Assignment within an object literal (can be quoted).
   AssignObj:
-    IDENTIFIER ":" Expression         { result = AssignNode.new(val[0], val[2], :object) }
+    IDENTIFIER ASSIGN Expression      { result = AssignNode.new(ValueNode.new(val[0]), val[2], :object) }
+  | STRING ASSIGN Expression          { result = AssignNode.new(ValueNode.new(LiteralNode.new(val[0])), val[2], :object) }
   | Comment                           { result = val[0] }
   ;
 
   # A return statement.
   Return:
     RETURN Expression                 { result = ReturnNode.new(val[1]) }
+  | RETURN                            { result = ReturnNode.new(ValueNode.new(Value.new('null'))) }
   ;
 
   # A comment.
@@ -143,10 +142,12 @@ rule
   | '-' Expression = UMINUS           { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
   | NOT Expression                    { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
   | '~' Expression                    { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
-  | '--' Expression                    { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
-  | '++' Expression                    { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
-  | Expression '--'                    { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], nil, true) }
-  | Expression '++'                    { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], nil, true) }
+  | '--' Expression                   { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
+  | '++' Expression                   { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
+  | DELETE Expression                 { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
+  | TYPEOF Expression                 { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
+  | Expression '--'                   { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], nil, true) }
+  | Expression '++'                   { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], nil, true) }
 
   | Expression '*' Expression         { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
   | Expression '/' Expression         { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ rule
   | Expression '==' Expression        { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
   | Expression '!=' Expression        { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
   | Expression IS Expression          { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
-  | Expression AINT Expression        { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
+  | Expression ISNT Expression        { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
 
   | Expression '&&' Expression        { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
   | Expression '||' Expression        { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
@@ -182,38 +183,50 @@ rule
   | Expression '+=' Expression        { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
   | Expression '/=' Expression        { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
   | Expression '*=' Expression        { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
-  | Expression '||:' Expression       { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
-  | Expression '&&:' Expression       { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
+  | Expression '%=' Expression        { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
+  | Expression '||=' Expression       { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
+  | Expression '&&=' Expression       { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
 
-  | DELETE Expression                 { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
-  | TYPEOF Expression                 { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
   | Expression INSTANCEOF Expression  { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
+  | Expression IN Expression          { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
+  ;
+
+  # The existence operator.
+  Existence:
+    Expression '?'                    { result = ExistenceNode.new(val[0]) }
   ;
 
   # Function definition.
   Code:
-    ParamList "=>" CodeBody "."       { result = CodeNode.new(val[0], val[2]) }
-  | "=>" CodeBody "."                 { result = CodeNode.new([], val[1]) }
-  ;
-
-  # The body of a function.
-  CodeBody:
-    /* nothing */                     { result = Expressions.new([]) }
-  | Expressions                       { result = val[0] }
+    ParamList "=>" Block              { result = CodeNode.new(val[0], val[2]) }
+  | "=>" Block                        { result = CodeNode.new([], val[1]) }
   ;
 
   # The parameters to a function definition.
   ParamList:
-    PARAM                             { result = val }
-  | ParamList "," PARAM               { result = val[0] << val[2] }
+    Param                             { result = val }
+  | ParamList "," Param               { result = val[0] << val[2] }
+  ;
+
+  # A Parameter (or ParamSplat) in a function definition.
+  Param:
+    PARAM
+  | PARAM "." "." "."                 { result = ParamSplatNode.new(val[0]) }
+  ;
+
+  # A regular splat.
+  Splat:
+    Expression "." "." "."            { result = ArgSplatNode.new(val[0])}
   ;
 
   # Expressions that can be treated as values.
   Value:
     IDENTIFIER                        { result = ValueNode.new(val[0]) }
+  | Literal                           { result = ValueNode.new(val[0]) }
   | Array                             { result = ValueNode.new(val[0]) }
   | Object                            { result = ValueNode.new(val[0]) }
   | Parenthetical                     { result = ValueNode.new(val[0]) }
+  | Range                             { result = ValueNode.new(val[0]) }
   | Value Accessor                    { result = val[0] << val[1] }
   | Invocation Accessor               { result = ValueNode.new(val[0], [val[1]]) }
   ;
@@ -221,8 +234,9 @@ rule
   # Accessing into an object or array, through dot or index notation.
   Accessor:
     PROPERTY_ACCESS IDENTIFIER        { result = AccessorNode.new(val[1]) }
+  | PROTOTYPE_ACCESS IDENTIFIER       { result = AccessorNode.new(val[1], true) }
   | Index                             { result = val[0] }
-  | Slice                             { result = val[0] }
+  | Range                             { result = SliceNode.new(val[0]) }
   ;
 
   # Indexing into an object or array.
@@ -230,11 +244,6 @@ rule
     "[" Expression "]"                { result = IndexNode.new(val[1]) }
   ;
 
-  # Array slice literal.
-  Slice:
-    "[" Expression "," Expression "]" { result = SliceNode.new(val[1], val[3]) }
-  ;
-
   # An object literal.
   Object:
     "{" AssignList "}"                { result = ObjectNode.new(val[1]) }
@@ -242,10 +251,13 @@ rule
 
   # Assignment within an object literal (comma or newline separated).
   AssignList:
-    /* nothing */                     { result = []}
+    /* nothing */                     { result = [] }
   | AssignObj                         { result = val }
   | AssignList "," AssignObj          { result = val[0] << val[2] }
   | AssignList Terminator AssignObj   { result = val[0] << val[2] }
+  | AssignList ","
+      Terminator AssignObj            { result = val[0] << val[3] }
+  | INDENT AssignList OUTDENT         { result = val[1] }
   ;
 
   # All flavors of function call (instantiation, super, and regular).
@@ -257,12 +269,20 @@ rule
 
   # Extending an object's prototype.
   Extends:
-    Value EXTENDS Expression      { result = ExtendsNode.new(val[0], val[2]) }
+    Value EXTENDS Value               { result = ExtendsNode.new(val[0], val[2]) }
   ;
 
   # A generic function invocation.
   Invocation:
-    Value "(" ArgList ")"             { result = CallNode.new(val[0], val[2]) }
+    Value Arguments                   { result = CallNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
+  | Invocation Arguments              { result = CallNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
+  # | Invocation Code                   { result = val[0] << val[1] }
+  ;
+
+  # The list of arguments to a function invocation.
+  Arguments:
+    "(" ArgList ")"                   { result = val[1] }
+  | "(" ArgList ")" Code              { result = val[1] << val[3] }
   ;
 
   # Calling super.
@@ -270,6 +290,14 @@ rule
     SUPER "(" ArgList ")"             { result = CallNode.new(:super, val[2]) }
   ;
 
+  # The range literal.
+  Range:
+    "[" Expression
+      "." "." Expression "]"          { result = RangeNode.new(val[1], val[4]) }
+  | "[" Expression
+      "." "." "." Expression "]"      { result = RangeNode.new(val[1], val[5], true) }
+  ;
+
   # The array literal.
   Array:
     "[" ArgList "]"                   { result = ArrayNode.new(val[1]) }
@@ -279,21 +307,25 @@ rule
   ArgList:
     /* nothing */                     { result = [] }
   | Expression                        { result = val }
+  | INDENT Expression                 { result = [val[1]] }
   | ArgList "," Expression            { result = val[0] << val[2] }
   | ArgList Terminator Expression     { result = val[0] << val[2] }
+  | ArgList "," Terminator Expression { result = val[0] << val[3] }
+  | ArgList "," INDENT Expression     { result = val[0] << val[3] }
+  | ArgList OUTDENT                   { result = val[0] }
   ;
 
   # Try/catch/finally exception handling blocks.
   Try:
-    TRY Expressions Catch "."         { result = TryNode.new(val[1], val[2][0], val[2][1]) }
-  | TRY Expressions Catch
-    FINALLY Expressions "."           { result = TryNode.new(val[1], val[2][0], val[2][1], val[4]) }
+    TRY Block Catch                   { result = TryNode.new(val[1], val[2][0], val[2][1]) }
+  | TRY Block FINALLY Block           { result = TryNode.new(val[1], nil, nil, val[3]) }
+  | TRY Block Catch
+      FINALLY Block                   { result = TryNode.new(val[1], val[2][0], val[2][1], val[4]) }
   ;
 
   # A catch clause.
   Catch:
-    /* nothing */                     { result = [nil, nil] }
-  | CATCH IDENTIFIER Expressions      { result = [val[1], val[2]] }
+    CATCH IDENTIFIER Block            { result = [val[1], val[2]] }
   ;
 
   # Throw an exception.
@@ -303,37 +335,45 @@ rule
 
   # Parenthetical expressions.
   Parenthetical:
-    "(" Expressions ")"               { result = ParentheticalNode.new(val[1]) }
+    "(" Expression ")"                { result = ParentheticalNode.new(val[1], val[0].line) }
   ;
 
   # The while loop. (there is no do..while).
   While:
-    WHILE Expression Then
-      Expressions "."                 { result = WhileNode.new(val[1], val[3]) }
+    WHILE Expression Block            { result = WhileNode.new(val[1], val[2]) }
+  | WHILE Expression                  { result = WhileNode.new(val[1], nil) }
   ;
 
   # Array comprehensions, including guard and current index.
+  # Looks a little confusing, check nodes.rb for the arguments to ForNode.
   For:
-  Expression FOR IDENTIFIER
-    IN PureExpression "."             { result = ForNode.new(val[0], val[4], val[2], nil) }
-  | Expression FOR
-      IDENTIFIER "," IDENTIFIER
-      IN PureExpression "."           { result = ForNode.new(val[0], val[6], val[2], nil, val[4]) }
-  | Expression FOR IDENTIFIER
-      IN PureExpression
-      IF Expression "."               { result = ForNode.new(val[0], val[4], val[2], val[6]) }
-  | Expression FOR
-      IDENTIFIER "," IDENTIFIER
-      IN PureExpression
-      IF Expression "."               { result = ForNode.new(val[0], val[6], val[2], val[8], val[4]) }
+    Expression FOR
+      ForVariables ForSource          { result = ForNode.new(val[0], val[3], val[2][0], val[2][1]) }
+  | FOR ForVariables ForSource Block  { result = ForNode.new(val[3], val[2], val[1][0], val[1][1]) }
+  ;
+
+  # An array comprehension has variables for the current element and index.
+  ForVariables:
+    IDENTIFIER                        { result = val }
+  | IDENTIFIER "," IDENTIFIER         { result = [val[0], val[2]] }
+  ;
+
+  # The source of the array comprehension can optionally be filtered.
+  ForSource:
+    IN Expression                     { result = {:source => val[1]} }
+  | OF Expression                     { result = {:source => val[1], :object => true} }
+  | ForSource
+    WHEN Expression                   { result = val[0].merge(:filter => val[2]) }
+  | ForSource
+    BY Expression                     { result = val[0].merge(:step => val[2]) }
   ;
 
   # Switch/When blocks.
   Switch:
-    SWITCH Expression Then
-      Whens "."                       { result = val[3].rewrite_condition(val[1]) }
-  | SWITCH Expression Then
-      Whens ELSE Expressions "."      { result = val[3].rewrite_condition(val[1]).add_else(val[5]) }
+    SWITCH Expression INDENT
+      Whens OUTDENT                   { result = val[3].rewrite_condition(val[1]) }
+  | SWITCH Expression INDENT
+      Whens ELSE Block OUTDENT        { result = val[3].rewrite_condition(val[1]).add_else(val[5]) }
   ;
 
   # The inner list of whens.
@@ -344,16 +384,20 @@ rule
 
   # An individual when.
   When:
-    WHEN Expression Then Expressions  { result = IfNode.new(val[1], val[3]) }
+    LEADING_WHEN Expression Block     { result = IfNode.new(val[1], val[2], nil, {:statement => true}) }
+  | LEADING_WHEN Expression Block
+      Terminator                      { result = IfNode.new(val[1], val[2], nil, {:statement => true}) }
+  | Comment Terminator When           { result = val[2].add_comment(val[0]) }
   ;
 
-  # All of the following nutso if-else destructuring is to make the
-  # grammar expand unambiguously.
+  # The most basic form of "if".
+  IfBlock:
+    IF Expression Block               { result = IfNode.new(val[1], val[2]) }
+  ;
 
   # An elsif portion of an if-else block.
   ElsIf:
-    ELSE IF Expression
-      Then Expressions                { result = IfNode.new(val[2], val[4]) }
+    ELSE IfBlock                      { result = val[1].force_statement }
   ;
 
   # Multiple elsifs can be chained together.
@@ -364,8 +408,8 @@ rule
 
   # Terminating else bodies are strictly optional.
   ElseBody
-    "."                               { result = nil }
-  | ELSE Expressions "."              { result = val[1] }
+    /* nothing */                     { result = nil }
+  | ELSE Block                        { result = val[1] }
   ;
 
   # All the alternatives for ending an if-else block.
@@ -376,10 +420,9 @@ rule
 
   # The full complement of if blocks, including postfix one-liner ifs and unlesses.
   If:
-    IF Expression
-      Then Expressions IfEnd          { result = IfNode.new(val[1], val[3], val[4]) }
-  | Expression IF Expression          { result = IfNode.new(val[2], Expressions.new([val[0]]), nil, {:statement => true}) }
-  | Expression UNLESS Expression      { result = IfNode.new(val[2], Expressions.new([val[0]]), nil, {:statement => true, :invert => true}) }
+    IfBlock IfEnd                     { result = val[0].add_else(val[1]) }
+  | Expression IF Expression          { result = IfNode.new(val[2], Expressions.wrap(val[0]), nil, {:statement => true}) }
+  | Expression UNLESS Expression      { result = IfNode.new(val[2], Expressions.wrap(val[0]), nil, {:statement => true, :invert => true}) }
   ;
 
 end

lib/coffee_script/lexer.rb

@@ -8,71 +8,89 @@ module CoffeeScript
     # The list of keywords passed verbatim to the parser.
     KEYWORDS   = ["if", "else", "then", "unless",
                   "true", "false", "yes", "no", "on", "off",
-                  "and", "or", "is", "aint", "not",
+                  "and", "or", "is", "isnt", "not",
                   "new", "return",
                   "try", "catch", "finally", "throw",
                   "break", "continue",
-                  "for", "in", "while",
+                  "for", "in", "of", "by", "where", "while",
                   "switch", "when",
                   "super", "extends",
+                  "arguments",
                   "delete", "instanceof", "typeof"]
 
     # Token matching regexes.
-    IDENTIFIER = /\A([a-zA-Z$_]\w*)/
-    NUMBER     = /\A\b((0(x|X)[0-9a-fA-F]+)|([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?(e[+\-]?[0-9]+)?))\b/i
-    STRING     = /\A(""|''|"(.*?)[^\\]"|'(.*?)[^\\]')/m
-    JS         = /\A(``|`(.*?)[^\\]`)/m
+    IDENTIFIER = /\A([a-zA-Z$_](\w|\$)*)/
+    NUMBER     = /\A(\b((0(x|X)[0-9a-fA-F]+)|([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?(e[+\-]?[0-9]+)?)))\b/i
+    STRING     = /\A(""|''|"(.*?)([^\\]|\\\\)"|'(.*?)([^\\]|\\\\)')/m
+    HEREDOC    = /\A("{6}|'{6}|"{3}\n?(\s*)(.*?)\n?(\s*)"{3}|'{3}\n?(\s*)(.*?)\n?(\s*)'{3})/m
+    JS         = /\A(``|`(.*?)([^\\]|\\\\)`)/m
     OPERATOR   = /\A([+\*&|\/\-%=<>:!]+)/
-    WHITESPACE = /\A([ \t\r]+)/
-    NEWLINE    = /\A(\n+)/
-    COMMENT    = /\A((#[^\n]*\s*)+)/m
+    WHITESPACE = /\A([ \t]+)/
+    COMMENT    = /\A(((\n?[ \t]*)?#.*$)+)/
     CODE       = /\A(=>)/
-    REGEX      = /\A(\/(.*?)[^\\]\/[imgy]{0,4})/
+    REGEX      = /\A(\/(.*?)([^\\]|\\\\)\/[imgy]{0,4})/
+    MULTI_DENT = /\A((\n([ \t]*))+)(\.)?/
+    LAST_DENT  = /\n([ \t]*)/
+    ASSIGNMENT = /\A(:|=)\Z/
 
     # Token cleaning regexes.
     JS_CLEANER = /(\A`|`\Z)/
     MULTILINER = /\n/
     COMMENT_CLEANER = /(^\s*#|\n\s*$)/
+    NO_NEWLINE = /\A([+\*&|\/\-%=<>:!.\\][<>=&|]*|and|or|is|isnt|not|delete|typeof|instanceof)\Z/
 
-    # Tokens that always constitute the start of an expression.
-    EXP_START  = ['{', '(', '[']
-
-    # Tokens that always constitute the end of an expression.
-    EXP_END    = ['}', ')', ']']
+    # Tokens which a regular expression will never immediately follow, but which
+    # a division operator might.
+    # See: http://www.mozilla.org/js/language/js20-2002-04/rationale/syntax.html#regular-expressions
+    NOT_REGEX  = [
+      :IDENTIFIER, :NUMBER, :REGEX, :STRING,
+      ')', '++', '--', ']', '}',
+      :FALSE, :NULL, :THIS, :TRUE
+    ]
 
     # Scan by attempting to match tokens one character at a time. Slow and steady.
     def tokenize(code)
       @code = code.chomp  # Cleanup code by remove extra line breaks
       @i = 0              # Current character position we're parsing
       @line = 1           # The current line.
+      @indent = 0         # The current indent level.
+      @indents = []       # The stack of all indent levels we are currently within.
       @tokens = []        # Collection of all parsed tokens in the form [:TOKEN_TYPE, value]
       while @i < @code.length
         @chunk = @code[@i..-1]
         extract_next_token
       end
-      @tokens
+      puts "original stream: #{@tokens.inspect}" if ENV['VERBOSE']
+      close_indentation
+      Rewriter.new.rewrite(@tokens)
     end
 
-    # At every position, run this list of match attempts, short-circuiting if
-    # any of them succeed.
+    # At every position, run through this list of attempted matches,
+    # short-circuiting if any of them succeed.
     def extract_next_token
       return if identifier_token
       return if number_token
+      return if heredoc_token
       return if string_token
       return if js_token
       return if regex_token
+      return if indent_token
       return if comment_token
       return if whitespace_token
       return    literal_token
     end
 
+    # Tokenizers ==========================================================
+
     # Matches identifying literals: variables, keywords, method names, etc.
     def identifier_token
       return false unless identifier = @chunk[IDENTIFIER, 1]
-      # Keywords are special identifiers tagged with their own name, 'if' will result
-      # in an [:IF, "if"] token
+      # Keywords are special identifiers tagged with their own name,
+      # 'if' will result in an [:IF, "if"] token.
       tag = KEYWORDS.include?(identifier) ? identifier.upcase.to_sym : :IDENTIFIER
-      @tokens[-1][0] = :PROPERTY_ACCESS if tag == :IDENTIFIER && last_value == '.'
+      tag = :LEADING_WHEN if tag == :WHEN && [:OUTDENT, :INDENT, "\n"].include?(last_tag)
+      @tokens[-1][0] = :PROPERTY_ACCESS if tag == :IDENTIFIER && last_value == '.' && !(@tokens[-2] && @tokens[-2][1] == '.')
+      @tokens[-1][0] = :PROTOTYPE_ACCESS if tag == :IDENTIFIER && last_value == '::'
       token(tag, identifier)
       @i += identifier.length
     end
@@ -87,14 +105,24 @@ module CoffeeScript
     # Matches strings, including multi-line strings.
     def string_token
       return false unless string = @chunk[STRING, 1]
-      escaped = string.gsub(MULTILINER) do |match|
-        @line += 1
-        " \\\n"
-      end
+      escaped = string.gsub(MULTILINER, " \\\n")
       token(:STRING, escaped)
+      @line += string.count("\n")
       @i += string.length
     end
 
+    # Matches heredocs, adjusting indentation to the correct level.
+    def heredoc_token
+      return false unless match = @chunk.match(HEREDOC)
+      indent  = match[2] || match[5]
+      doc     = match[3] || match[6]
+      doc.gsub!(/\n#{indent}/, "\\n")
+      doc.gsub!('"', '\\"')
+      token(:STRING, "\"#{doc}\"")
+      @line += match[1].count("\n")
+      @i += match[1].length
+    end
+
     # Matches interpolated JavaScript.
     def js_token
       return false unless script = @chunk[JS, 1]
@@ -105,6 +133,7 @@ module CoffeeScript
     # Matches regular expression literals.
     def regex_token
       return false unless regex = @chunk[REGEX, 1]
+      return false if NOT_REGEX.include?(last_tag)
       token(:REGEX, regex)
       @i += regex.length
     end
@@ -118,70 +147,106 @@ module CoffeeScript
       @i += comment.length
     end
 
+    # Record tokens for indentation differing from the previous line.
+    def indent_token
+      return false unless indent = @chunk[MULTI_DENT, 1]
+      @line += indent.scan(MULTILINER).size
+      @i += indent.size
+      next_character = @chunk[MULTI_DENT, 4]
+      no_newlines = next_character == '.' || (last_value.to_s.match(NO_NEWLINE) && last_value != "=>")
+      return suppress_newlines(indent) if no_newlines
+      size = indent.scan(LAST_DENT).last.last.length
+      return newline_token(indent) if size == @indent
+      if size > @indent
+        token(:INDENT, size - @indent)
+        @indents << (size - @indent)
+      else
+        outdent_token(@indent - size)
+      end
+      @indent = size
+    end
+
+    # Record an oudent token or tokens, if we're moving back inwards past
+    # multiple recorded indents.
+    def outdent_token(move_out)
+      while move_out > 0 && !@indents.empty?
+        last_indent = @indents.pop
+        token(:OUTDENT, last_indent)
+        move_out -= last_indent
+      end
+      token("\n", "\n")
+    end
+
     # Matches and consumes non-meaningful whitespace.
     def whitespace_token
       return false unless whitespace = @chunk[WHITESPACE, 1]
       @i += whitespace.length
     end
 
+    # Multiple newlines get merged together.
+    # Use a trailing \ to escape newlines.
+    def newline_token(newlines)
+      token("\n", "\n") unless last_value == "\n"
+      true
+    end
+
+    # Tokens to explicitly escape newlines are removed once their job is done.
+    def suppress_newlines(newlines)
+      @tokens.pop if last_value == "\\"
+      true
+    end
+
     # We treat all other single characters as a token. Eg.: ( ) , . !
     # Multi-character operators are also literal tokens, so that Racc can assign
-    # the proper order of operations. Multiple newlines get merged together.
+    # the proper order of operations.
     def literal_token
-      value = @chunk[NEWLINE, 1]
-      if value
-        @line += value.length
-        token("\n", "\n") unless last_value == "\n"
-        return @i += value.length
-      end
       value = @chunk[OPERATOR, 1]
       tag_parameters if value && value.match(CODE)
       value ||= @chunk[0,1]
-      skip_following_newlines if EXP_START.include?(value)
-      remove_leading_newlines if EXP_END.include?(value)
-      token(value, value)
+      tag = value.match(ASSIGNMENT) ? :ASSIGN : value
+      token(tag, value)
       @i += value.length
     end
 
+    # Helpers ==========================================================
+
     # Add a token to the results, taking note of the line number, and
     # immediately-preceding comment.
     def token(tag, value)
       @tokens << [tag, Value.new(value, @line)]
     end
 
-    # Peek at the previous token.
+    # Peek at the previous token's value.
     def last_value
       @tokens.last && @tokens.last[1]
     end
 
+    # Peek at the previous token's tag.
+    def last_tag
+      @tokens.last && @tokens.last[0]
+    end
+
     # A source of ambiguity in our grammar was parameter lists in function
     # definitions (as opposed to argument lists in function calls). Tag
-    # parameter identifiers in order to avoid this.
+    # parameter identifiers in order to avoid this. Also, parameter lists can
+    # make use of splats.
     def tag_parameters
-      index = 0
+      i = 0
       loop do
-        tok = @tokens[index -= 1]
+        i -= 1
+        tok = @tokens[i]
         return if !tok
-        next if tok[0] == ','
+        next if ['.', ','].include?(tok[0])
         return if tok[0] != :IDENTIFIER
         tok[0] = :PARAM
       end
     end
 
-    # Consume and ignore newlines immediately after this point.
-    def skip_following_newlines
-      newlines = @code[(@i+1)..-1][NEWLINE, 1]
-      if newlines
-        @line += newlines.length
-        @i += newlines.length
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Discard newlines immediately before this point.
-    def remove_leading_newlines
-      @tokens.pop if last_value == "\n"
+    # Close up all remaining open blocks. IF the first token is an indent,
+    # axe it.
+    def close_indentation
+      outdent_token(@indent)
     end
 
   end
-
 end

lib/coffee_script/narwhal/coffee-script.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# This (javascript) file is generated from lib/coffee_script/narwhal/coffee-script.coffee
+
+# Executes the `coffee` Ruby program to convert from CoffeeScript
+# to Javascript. Eventually this will hopefully happen entirely within JS.
+
+# Require external dependencies.
+OS:       require('os')
+File:     require('file')
+Readline: require('readline')
+
+# The path to the CoffeeScript Compiler.
+coffeePath: File.path(module.path).dirname().dirname().dirname().dirname().dirname().join('bin', 'coffee')
+
+# Our general-purpose error handler.
+checkForErrors: coffeeProcess =>
+  return true if coffeeProcess.wait() is 0
+  system.stderr.print(coffeeProcess.stderr.read())
+  throw new Error("CoffeeScript compile error")
+
+# Run a simple REPL, round-tripping to the CoffeeScript compiler for every
+# command.
+exports.run: args =>
+  if args.length
+    for path, i in args
+      exports.evalCS(File.read(path))
+      delete args[i]
+    return true
+
+  while true
+    try
+      system.stdout.write('coffee> ').flush()
+      result: exports.evalCS(Readline.readline(), ['--globals'])
+      print(result) if result isnt undefined
+    catch e
+      print(e)
+
+# Compile a given CoffeeScript file into JavaScript.
+exports.compileFile: path =>
+  coffee: OS.popen([coffeePath, "--print", "--no-wrap", path])
+  checkForErrors(coffee)
+  coffee.stdout.read()
+
+# Compile a string of CoffeeScript into JavaScript.
+exports.compile: source, flags =>
+  coffee: OS.popen([coffeePath, "--eval", "--no-wrap"].concat(flags or []))
+  coffee.stdin.write(source).flush().close()
+  checkForErrors(coffee)
+  coffee.stdout.read()
+
+# Evaluating a string of CoffeeScript first compiles it externally.
+exports.evalCS: source, flags =>
+  eval(exports.compile(source, flags))
+
+# Make a factory for the CoffeeScript environment.
+exports.makeNarwhalFactory: path =>
+  code: exports.compileFile(path)
+  factoryText: "function(require,exports,module,system,print){" + code + "/**/\n}"
+  if system.engine is "rhino"
+    Packages.org.mozilla.javascript.Context.getCurrentContext().compileFunction(global, factoryText, path, 0, null)
+  else
+    # eval requires parentheses, but parentheses break compileFunction.
+    eval("(" + factoryText + ")")

lib/coffee_script/narwhal/lib/coffee-script.js

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+(function(){
+  var File, OS, Readline, checkForErrors, coffeePath;
+  // This (javascript) file is generated from lib/coffee_script/narwhal/coffee-script.coffee
+  // Executes the `coffee` Ruby program to convert from CoffeeScript
+  // to Javascript. Eventually this will hopefully happen entirely within JS.
+  // Require external dependencies.
+  OS = require('os');
+  File = require('file');
+  Readline = require('readline');
+  // The path to the CoffeeScript Compiler.
+  coffeePath = File.path(module.path).dirname().dirname().dirname().dirname().dirname().join('bin', 'coffee');
+  // Our general-purpose error handler.
+  checkForErrors = function checkForErrors(coffeeProcess) {
+    if (coffeeProcess.wait() === 0) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    system.stderr.print(coffeeProcess.stderr.read());
+    throw new Error("CoffeeScript compile error");
+  };
+  // Run a simple REPL, round-tripping to the CoffeeScript compiler for every
+  // command.
+  exports.run = function run(args) {
+    var __a, i, path, result;
+    if (args.length) {
+      __a = args;
+      for (i=0; i<__a.length; i++) {
+        path = __a[i];
+        exports.evalCS(File.read(path));
+        delete args[i];
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+    while (true) {
+      try {
+        system.stdout.write('coffee> ').flush();
+        result = exports.evalCS(Readline.readline(), ['--globals']);
+        if (result !== undefined) {
+          print(result);
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        print(e);
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  };
+  // Compile a given CoffeeScript file into JavaScript.
+  exports.compileFile = function compileFile(path) {
+    var coffee;
+    coffee = OS.popen([coffeePath, "--print", "--no-wrap", path]);
+    checkForErrors(coffee);
+    return coffee.stdout.read();
+  };
+  // Compile a string of CoffeeScript into JavaScript.
+  exports.compile = function compile(source, flags) {
+    var coffee;
+    coffee = OS.popen([coffeePath, "--eval", "--no-wrap"].concat(flags || []));
+    coffee.stdin.write(source).flush().close();
+    checkForErrors(coffee);
+    return coffee.stdout.read();
+  };
+  // Evaluating a string of CoffeeScript first compiles it externally.
+  exports.evalCS = function evalCS(source, flags) {
+    return eval(exports.compile(source, flags));
+  };
+  // Make a factory for the CoffeeScript environment.
+  exports.makeNarwhalFactory = function makeNarwhalFactory(path) {
+    var code, factoryText;
+    code = exports.compileFile(path);
+    factoryText = "function(require,exports,module,system,print){" + code + "/**/\n}";
+    if (system.engine === "rhino") {
+      return Packages.org.mozilla.javascript.Context.getCurrentContext().compileFunction(global, factoryText, path, 0, null);
+    } else {
+      // eval requires parentheses, but parentheses break compileFunction.
+      return eval("(" + factoryText + ")");
+    }
+  };
+})();

lib/coffee_script/narwhal/lib/coffee-script/loader.js

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+(function(){
+  var coffeescript, factories, loader;
+  // This (javascript) file is generated from lib/coffee_script/narwhal/loader.coffee
+  coffeescript = null;
+  factories = {
+  };
+  loader = {
+    // Reload the coffee-script environment from source.
+    reload: function reload(topId, path) {
+      coffeescript = coffeescript || require('coffee-script');
+      return factories[topId] = function() {
+        return coffeescript.makeNarwhalFactory(path);
+      };
+    },
+    // Ensure that the coffee-script environment is loaded.
+    load: function load(topId, path) {
+      return factories[topId] = factories[topId] || this.reload(topId, path);
+    }
+  };
+  require.loader.loaders.unshift([".coffee", loader]);
+})();

lib/coffee_script/narwhal/loader.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# This (javascript) file is generated from lib/coffee_script/narwhal/loader.coffee
+
+coffeescript: null
+factories: {}
+
+loader: {
+
+  # Reload the coffee-script environment from source.
+  reload: topId, path =>
+    coffeescript ||= require('coffee-script')
+    factories[topId]: => coffeescript.makeNarwhalFactory(path)
+
+  # Ensure that the coffee-script environment is loaded.
+  load: topId, path =>
+    factories[topId] ||= this.reload(topId, path)
+
+}
+
+require.loader.loaders.unshift([".coffee", loader])