CoffeeScript 0.3.2, just in time for the Github feature

- also added a VIM-SYNTAX-HOWTO.md readme file

.gitignore

@@ -1,2 +1,6 @@
+presentation
+test.coffee
 parser.output
+test/fixtures/underscore
+examples/beautiful_code/parse.coffee
 *.gem

LICENSE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2009 Jeremy Ashkenas
+Copyright (c) 2010 Jeremy Ashkenas
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
 obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation

README

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
   gem install coffee-script
   
   Compile a script:
-  coffee-script /path/to/script.coffee
+  coffee /path/to/script.coffee
   
   For documentation, usage, and examples, see:
   http://jashkenas.github.com/coffee-script/
@@ -36,3 +36,6 @@
 
   The source repository:
   git://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script.git
+  
+  To build CoffeeScript from source, install the "racc" gem and
+  run "rake build:parser". Then bin/coffee will work.

Rakefile

@@ -17,9 +17,25 @@ namespace :build do
     sh "racc #{args[:racc_args]} -o lib/coffee_script/parser.rb lib/coffee_script/grammar.y"
   end
 
-  desc "Compile the Narwhal interface for --interactive and --run"
+  desc "Compile the Narwhal interface"
   task :narwhal do
-    sh "bin/coffee-script lib/coffee_script/narwhal/*.coffee -o lib/coffee_script/narwhal/js"
+    sh "bin/coffee src/narwhal/*.coffee -o lib/coffee_script/narwhal"
+  end
+
+  desc "Continually compile the CoffeeScript/Node.js components with --watch"
+  task :node do
+    sh "bin/coffee -w src/*.coffee -o lib/coffee_script/"
+  end
+
+  desc "Compile and install the Ultraviolet syntax highlighter"
+  task :ultraviolet do
+    sh "plist2syntax extras/CoffeeScript.tmbundle/Syntaxes/CoffeeScript.tmLanguage"
+    sh "sudo mv coffeescript.yaml /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/ultraviolet-0.10.2/syntax/coffeescript.syntax"
+  end
+
+  desc "Rebuild the Underscore.coffee documentation page"
+  task :underscore do
+    sh "uv -s coffeescript -t idle -h examples/underscore.coffee > documentation/underscore.html"
   end
 
 end
@@ -27,9 +43,10 @@ end
 desc "Build the documentation page"
 task :doc do
   source = 'documentation/index.html.erb'
-  child = fork { exec "bin/coffee-script documentation/coffee/*.coffee -o documentation/js -w" }
+  child = fork { exec "bin/coffee documentation/coffee/*.coffee -o documentation/js -w" }
   at_exit { Process.kill("INT", child) }
   Signal.trap("INT") { exit }
+  # `uv -t idle -s coffeescript -h examples/underscore.coffee > documentation/underscore.html`
   loop do
     mtime = File.stat(source).mtime
     if !@mtime || mtime > @mtime
@@ -45,6 +62,8 @@ namespace :gem do
 
   desc 'Build and install the coffee-script gem'
   task :install do
+    verbose = "lib/coffee_script/parser.output"
+    FileUtils.rm(verbose) if File.exists?(verbose)
     sh "gem build coffee-script.gemspec"
     sh "sudo gem install #{Dir['*.gem'].join(' ')} --local --no-ri --no-rdoc"
   end

coffee-script.gemspec

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.name      = 'coffee-script'
-  s.version   = '0.1.4'         # Keep version in sync with coffee-script.rb
-  s.date      = '2009-12-25'
+  s.version   = '0.3.2'         # Keep version in sync with coffee-script.rb
+  s.date      = '2010-2-8'
 
   s.homepage    = "http://jashkenas.github.com/coffee-script/"
   s.summary     = "The CoffeeScript Compiler"
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.has_rdoc          = false
 
   s.require_paths     = ['lib']
-  s.executables       = ['coffee-script']
+  s.executables       = ['coffee']
 
-  s.files = Dir['bin/*', 'examples/*', 'lib/**/*', 'coffee-script.gemspec', 'LICENSE', 'README']
+  s.files = Dir['bin/*', 'examples/*', 'extras/**/*', 'lib/**/*',
+                'coffee-script.gemspec', 'LICENSE', 'README', 'package.json']
 end

documentation/coffee/aliases.coffee

@@ -4,4 +4,6 @@ volume: 10 if band isnt spinal_tap
 
 let_the_wild_rumpus_begin() unless answer is no
 
-if car.speed < speed_limit then accelerate().
+if car.speed < speed_limit then accelerate()
+
+print "My name is " + @name

documentation/coffee/arguments.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+backwards: ->
+  alert arguments.reverse()
+
+backwards "stairway", "to", "heaven"

documentation/coffee/array_comprehensions.coffee

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # Eat lunch.
-lunch: food.eat() for food in ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine'].
+lunch: eat(food) for food in ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine']
 
-# Zebra-stripe a table.
-highlight(row) for row, i in table if i % 2 is 0.
+# Naive collision detection.
+for roid in asteroids
+  for roid2 in asteroids when roid isnt roid2
+    roid.explode() if roid.overlaps roid2

documentation/coffee/comparisons.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+cholesterol: 127
+
+healthy: 200 > cholesterol > 60
+
+

documentation/coffee/conditionals.coffee

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ mood: greatly_improved if singing
 
 if happy and knows_it
   claps_hands()
-  cha_cha_cha().
+  cha_cha_cha()
 
-date: if friday then sue else jill.
+date: if friday then sue else jill
 
 expensive ||= do_the_math()

documentation/coffee/embedded.coffee

@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ hi: `function() {
   return [document.title, "Hello JavaScript"].join(": ");
 }`
 
+

documentation/coffee/existence.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+solipsism: true if mind? and not world?
+
+speed ?= 140
+
+
+
+
+

documentation/coffee/expressions.coffee

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-grade: student =>
+grade: (student) ->
   if student.excellent_work
     "A+"
   else if student.okay_stuff
-    if student.tried_hard then "B" else "B-".
+    if student.tried_hard then "B" else "B-"
   else
-    "C"..
+    "C"
 
-eldest: if 24 > 21 then "Liz" else "Ike".
+eldest: if 24 > 21 then "Liz" else "Ike"

documentation/coffee/expressions_assignment.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+six: (one: 1) + (two: 2) + (three: 3)

documentation/coffee/expressions_comprehension.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# The first ten global properties.
+
+globals: (name for name of window)[0...10]

documentation/coffee/expressions_try.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+alert(
+  try
+    nonexistent / undefined
+  catch error
+    "And the error is ... " + error
+)

documentation/coffee/fat_arrow.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Account: (customer, cart) ->
+  @customer: customer
+  @cart: cart
+
+  $('.shopping_cart').bind 'click', (event) =>
+    @customer.purchase @cart

documentation/coffee/functions.coffee

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-square: x => x * x.
-cube:   x => square(x) * x.
+square: (x) -> x * x
+cube:   (x) -> square(x) * x

documentation/coffee/heredocs.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+html: '''
+      <strong>
+        cup of coffeescript
+      </strong>
+      '''

documentation/coffee/multiple_return_values.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+weather_report: (location) ->
+  # Make an Ajax request to fetch the weather...
+  [location, 72, "Mostly Sunny"]
+
+[city, temp, forecast]: weather_report "Berkeley, CA"

documentation/coffee/object_comprehensions.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+years_old: {max: 10, ida: 9, tim: 11}
+
+ages: for child, age of years_old
+  child + " is " + age

documentation/coffee/object_extraction.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+futurists: {
+  sculptor: "Umberto Boccioni"
+  painter:  "Vladimir Burliuk"
+  poet: {
+    name:   "F.T. Marinetti"
+    address: [
+      "Via Roma 42R"
+      "Bellagio, Italy 22021"
+    ]
+  }
+}
+
+{poet: {name: poet, address: [street, city]}}: futurists

documentation/coffee/objects_and_arrays.coffee

@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
 song: ["do", "re", "mi", "fa", "so"]
+
 ages: {
   max: 10
   ida: 9
   tim: 11
-}
+}
+
+matrix: [
+  1, 0, 1
+  0, 0, 1
+  1, 1, 0
+]

documentation/coffee/overview.coffee

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ opposite_day: true
 number: -42 if opposite_day
 
 # Functions:
-square: x => x * x.
+square: (x) -> x * x
 
 # Arrays:
 list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
@@ -15,8 +15,15 @@ list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
 math: {
   root:   Math.sqrt
   square: square
-  cube:   x => x * square(x).
+  cube:   (x) -> x * square x
 }
 
+# Splats:
+race: (winner, runners...) ->
+  print winner, runners
+
+# Existence:
+alert "I knew it!" if elvis?
+
 # Array comprehensions:
-cubed_list: math.cube(num) for num in list.
+cubed_list: math.cube num for num in list

documentation/coffee/parallel_assignment.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+bait: 1000
+and_switch: 0
+
+[bait, and_switch]: [and_switch, bait]

documentation/coffee/range_comprehensions.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+countdown: num for num in [10..1]
+
+egg_delivery: ->
+  for i in [0...eggs.length] by 12
+    dozen_eggs: eggs[i...i+12]
+    deliver new egg_carton(dozen)

documentation/coffee/scope.coffee

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 num: 1
-change_numbers: =>
-  num: 2
-  new_num: 3.
+change_numbers: ->
+  new_num: -1
+  num: 10
 new_num: change_numbers()

documentation/coffee/slices.coffee

@@ -1,2 +1,6 @@
-nums: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
-three_to_six: nums[3, 6]
+numbers: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+
+three_to_six: numbers[3..6]
+
+numbers_copy: numbers[0...numbers.length]
+

documentation/coffee/soaks.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+lottery.draw_winner()?.address?.zipcode

documentation/coffee/splats.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+gold: silver: the_field: "unknown"
+
+award_medals: (first, second, rest...) ->
+  gold:       first
+  silver:     second
+  the_field:  rest
+
+contenders: [
+  "Michael Phelps"
+  "Liu Xiang"
+  "Yao Ming"
+  "Allyson Felix"
+  "Shawn Johnson"
+  "Roman Sebrle"
+  "Guo Jingjing"
+  "Tyson Gay"
+  "Asafa Powell"
+  "Usain Bolt"
+]
+
+award_medals contenders...
+
+alert "Gold: " + gold
+alert "Silver: " + silver
+alert "The Field: " + the_field

documentation/coffee/splices.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+numbers: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+
+numbers[3..6]: [-3, -4, -5, -6]
+
+

documentation/coffee/strings.coffee

@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail
 about a little and see the watery part of the
 world..."
 
+

documentation/coffee/super.coffee

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-Animal: => .
-Animal.prototype.move: meters =>
-  alert(this.name + " moved " + meters + "m.").
+Animal: ->
+Animal::move: (meters) ->
+  alert @name + " moved " + meters + "m."
 
-Snake: name => this.name: name.
+Snake: (name) -> @name: name
 Snake extends Animal
-Snake.prototype.move: =>
-  alert("Slithering...")
-  super(5).
+Snake::move: ->
+  alert "Slithering..."
+  super 5
 
-Horse: name => this.name: name.
+Horse: (name) -> @name: name
 Horse extends Animal
-Horse.prototype.move: =>
-  alert("Galloping...")
-  super(45).
+Horse::move: ->
+  alert "Galloping..."
+  super 45
 
-sam: new Snake("Sammy the Python")
-tom: new Horse("Tommy the Palomino")
+sam: new Snake "Sammy the Python"
+tom: new Horse "Tommy the Palomino"
 
 sam.move()
 tom.move()

documentation/coffee/switch.coffee

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 switch day
-when "Tuesday"   then eat_breakfast()
-when "Wednesday" then go_to_the_park()
-when "Saturday"
-  if day is bingo_day
-    go_to_bingo()
-    go_dancing().
-when "Sunday"    then go_to_church()
-else go_to_work().
+  when "Mon" then go_to_work()
+  when "Tue" then go_to_the_park()
+  when "Thu" then go_ice_fishing()
+  when "Fri", "Sat"
+    if day is bingo_day
+      go_to_bingo()
+      go_dancing()
+  when "Sun" then go_to_church()
+  else go_to_work()

documentation/coffee/try.coffee

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ try
   all_hell_breaks_loose()
   cats_and_dogs_living_together()
 catch error
-  print(error)
+  print error
 finally
-  clean_up().
+  clean_up()

documentation/coffee/while.coffee

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
-while demand > supply
-  sell()
-  restock().
+# Econ 101
+if this.studying_economics
+  while supply > demand then buy()
+  while supply < demand then sell()
 
-while supply > demand then buy().
+# Nursery Rhyme
+num: 6
+lyrics: while num -= 1
+  num + " little monkeys, jumping on the bed.
+    One fell out and bumped his head."

documentation/css/docs.css

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ body {
   font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
 }
 div.container {
-  width: 850px;
+  width: 950px;
   margin: 50px 0 50px 50px;
 }
 p {
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ code, pre, tt {
   font-size: 12px;
   line-height: 18px;
   color: #191955;
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  word-wrap: break-word;
 }
   tt {
     background: #f8f8ff;
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ div.code {
   }
   div.code pre {
     float: left;
-    width: 410px;
+    width: 450px;
     border-left: 1px dotted #559;
     padding: 0 0 0 12px;
     margin: 0;

documentation/css/idle.css

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ pre.idle .LibraryConstant {
    color: #A535AE;
 }
 pre.idle .FunctionArgument {
+   color: #0076ad;
 }
 pre.idle .BuiltInConstant {
    color: #A535AE;

documentation/index.html.erb

@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@
     <p>
       <b>Disclaimer:</b>
       CoffeeScript is just for fun and seriously alpha. I'm sure that there are still
-      plenty of holes in the lexer and leaks in the syntax. <i>There is no guarantee,
-      explicit or implied, of its suitability for any purpose.</i> That said,
+      plenty of holes in the walls and leaks in the roof. <i>There are no guarantees
+      that the syntax won't change between versions.</i> That said,
       it compiles into clean JavaScript (the good parts) that can use existing
       JavaScript libraries seamlessly, and passes through
       <a href="http://www.jslint.com/">JSLint</a> without warnings. The compiled
@@ -49,28 +49,39 @@
       preserved intact.
     </p>
 
+    <p>
+      <b>Latest Version:</b>
+      <a href="http://gemcutter.org/gems/coffee-script">0.3.2</a>
+    </p>
+
     <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
 
     <p>
       <a href="#overview">Mini Overview</a><br />
       <a href="#installation">Installation and Usage</a><br />
-      <a href="#punctuation">Punctuation Primer</a><br />
+      <a href="#whitespace">Significant Whitespace</a><br />
       <a href="#functions">Functions and Invocation</a><br />
       <a href="#assignment">Assignment</a><br />
       <a href="#objects_and_arrays">Objects and Arrays</a><br />
       <a href="#lexical_scope">Lexical Scoping and Variable Safety</a><br />
       <a href="#conditionals">Conditionals, Ternaries, and Conditional Assignment</a><br />
-      <a href="#expressions">Everything is an Expression</a><br />
       <a href="#aliases">Aliases</a><br />
+      <a href="#splats">Splats...</a><br />
+      <a href="#arguments">Arguments are Arrays</a><br />
       <a href="#while">While Loops</a><br />
-      <a href="#array_comprehensions">Array Comprehensions</a><br />
-      <a href="#slice">Array Slice Literals</a><br />
+      <a href="#comprehensions">Comprehensions (Arrays, Objects, and Ranges)</a><br />
+      <a href="#slice_splice">Array Slicing and Splicing with Ranges</a><br />
+      <a href="#expressions">Everything is an Expression</a><br />
+      <a href="#existence">The Existential Operator</a><br />
       <a href="#inheritance">Inheritance, and Calling Super from a Subclass</a><br />
+      <a href="#pattern_matching">Pattern Matching</a><br />
+      <a href="#fat_arrow">Function Binding</a><br />
       <a href="#embedded">Embedded JavaScript</a><br />
       <a href="#switch">Switch/When/Else</a><br />
       <a href="#try">Try/Catch/Finally</a><br />
-      <a href="#strings">Multiline Strings</a><br />
-      <a href="#contributing">Contributing</a><br />
+      <a href="#comparisons">Chained Comparisons</a><br />
+      <a href="#strings">Multiline Strings and Heredocs</a><br />
+      <a href="#resources">Resources</a><br />
       <a href="#change_log">Change Log</a><br />
     </p>
 
@@ -80,6 +91,19 @@
 
     <%= code_for('overview', 'cubed_list') %>
 
+    <p>
+      For a longer CoffeeScript example, check out
+      <a href="documentation/underscore.html">Underscore.coffee</a>, a port
+      of the <a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/">Underscore.js</a>
+      library of helper functions. Underscore.coffee can pass the entire Underscore.js
+      test suite. The CoffeeScript version is faster than the original for a number
+      of methods (in general, due to the speed of CoffeeScript's array comprehensions), and
+      after being minified and gzipped, is only 241 bytes larger than the original
+      JavaScript version.
+      Additional examples are included in the source repository, inside the
+      <a href="http://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script/tree/master/examples/">examples</a> folder.
+    </p>
+
     <h2 id="installation">Installation and Usage</h2>
 
     <p>
@@ -91,12 +115,12 @@
 gem install coffee-script</pre>
 
     <p>
-      Installing the gem provides the <tt>coffee-script</tt> command, which can
+      Installing the gem provides the <tt>coffee</tt> command, which can
       be used to compile CoffeeScript <tt>.coffee</tt> files into JavaScript, as
       well as debug them. In conjunction with
-      <a href="http://narwhaljs.org/">Narwhal</a>, the <tt>coffee-script</tt>
+      <a href="http://nodejs.org/">Node.js</a> (or <a href="http://narwhaljs.org/">Narwhal</a>), the <tt>coffee</tt>
       command also provides direct evaluation and an interactive REPL.
-      When compiling to JavaScript, <tt>coffee-script</tt> writes the output
+      When compiling to JavaScript, <tt>coffee</tt> writes the output
       as <tt>.js</tt> files in the same directory by default, but output
       can be customized with the following options:
     </p>
@@ -106,14 +130,16 @@ gem install coffee-script</pre>
         <td width="25%"><code>-i, --interactive</code></td>
         <td>
           Launch an interactive CoffeeScript session.
-          Requires <a href="http://narwhaljs.org/">Narwhal</a>.
+          Requires <a href="http://nodejs.org/">Node.js</a>,
+          or <a href="http://narwhaljs.org/">Narwhal</a>, with <tt>--narwhal</tt>.
         </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
         <td><code>-r, --run</code></td>
         <td>
-          Compile and execute the CoffeeScripts without saving the intermediate
-          JavaScript. Requires <a href="http://narwhaljs.org/">Narwhal</a>.
+          Compile and execute scripts without saving the intermediate
+          JavaScript. Requires <a href="http://nodejs.org/">Node.js</a>,
+          or <a href="http://narwhaljs.org/">Narwhal</a>, with <tt>--narwhal</tt>.
         </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
@@ -148,7 +174,7 @@ gem install coffee-script</pre>
         <td><code>-e, --eval</code></td>
         <td>
           Compile and print a little snippet of CoffeeScript directly from the
-          command line (or from <b>stdin</b>). For example:<br /><tt>coffee-script -e "square: x => x * x."</tt>
+          command line (or from <b>stdin</b>). For example:<br /><tt>coffee -e "square: (x) -> x * x"</tt>
         </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
@@ -162,16 +188,22 @@ gem install coffee-script</pre>
         <td><code>-v, --verbose</code></td>
         <td>
           As the JavaScript is being generated, print out every step of code
-          generation, including lexical scope and the node in the
+          generation, including lexical scope and the nodes in the
           AST.
         </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
         <td><code>-n, --no-wrap</code></td>
         <td>
-          Compile the JavaScript without the top-level function safety wrapper
-          or var declarations, for situations where you want to add every
-          variable to global scope.
+          Compile the JavaScript without the top-level function safety wrapper.
+          (Used for CoffeeScript as a Node.js module.)
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td><code>-g, --globals</code></td>
+        <td>
+          Suppress all variable declarations at the top-level, effectively adding
+          those variables to the global scope. (Used by the REPL.)
         </td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
@@ -187,10 +219,10 @@ gem install coffee-script</pre>
     </p>
 
     <pre>
-coffee-script path/to/script.coffee
-coffee-script --interactive
-coffee-script --watch --lint experimental.coffee
-coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
+coffee path/to/script.coffee
+coffee --interactive
+coffee --watch --lint experimental.coffee
+coffee --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
 
     <h2>Language Reference</h2>
 
@@ -204,24 +236,39 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
       </i>
     </p>
 
-    <p id="punctuation">
-      <b class="header">Punctuation Primer</b>
-      You don't need to use semicolons <tt>;</tt> to terminate expressions, ending
-      the line will do just as well. All other whitespace is
-      not significant. Instead of using curly braces <tt>{ }</tt>
-      to delimit a block of code, use a period <tt>.</tt> to mark the end of a
-      block, for
-      <a href="#functions">functions</a>,
+    <p id="whitespace">
+      <b class="header">Significant Whitespace</b>
+      CoffeeScript uses Python-style significant whitespace: You don't need to
+      use semicolons <tt>;</tt> to terminate expressions, ending
+      the line will do just as well. Semicolons can still be used to fit
+      multiple expressions onto a single line. Instead of using curly braces
+      <tt>{ }</tt> to delimit blocks of code (like <a href="#functions">functions</a>,
       <a href="#conditionals">if-statements</a>,
-      <a href="#switch">switch</a>, and <a href="#try">try/catch</a>.
+      <a href="#switch">switch</a>, and <a href="#try">try/catch</a>),
+      use indentation.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      You don't need to use parentheses to invoke a function, if you're passing
+      arguments:<br /><tt>print "coffee"</tt>
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      You can use newlines to break up your expression into smaller pieces,
+      as long as CoffeeScript can determine that the line hasn't finished yet.
     </p>
 
     <p id="functions">
       <b class="header">Functions and Invocation</b>
       Functions are defined by a list of parameters, an arrow, and the
-      function body. The empty function looks like this: <tt>=>.</tt>
+      function body. The empty function looks like this: <tt>-></tt>. All
+      functions in CoffeeScript are named by default, for easier debugging.
     </p>
     <%= code_for('functions', 'cube(5)') %>
+    <p>
+      If you'd like to create an anonymous function, just wrap it in parentheses:
+      <tt>((x) -> x * x)</tt>
+    </p>
 
     <p id="assignment">
       <b class="header">Assignment</b>
@@ -230,13 +277,18 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
       mathy things.
     </p>
     <%= code_for('assignment', 'greeting') %>
+    <p>
+      Declaration of new variables are pushed up to the top of the nearest
+      lexical scope, so that assignment may always be performed within expressions.
+    </p>
 
     <p id="objects_and_arrays">
       <b class="header">Objects and Arrays</b>
       Object and Array literals look very similar to their JavaScript cousins.
       When you spread out each assignment on a separate line, the commas are
       optional. In this way, assigning object properties looks the same as
-      assigning local variables.
+      assigning local variables, and can be moved around freely. Feel free to mix
+      and match the two styles.
     </p>
     <%= code_for('objects_and_arrays', 'song.join(",")') %>
 
@@ -248,10 +300,12 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
     </p>
     <%= code_for('scope', 'new_num') %>
     <p>
-      Notice how the variables are declared with <tt>var</tt> the first time
-      they appear. The second reference of <b>num</b>, within the function,
-      is not redeclared because <b>num</b> is still in scope. As opposed
-      to the second occurrence of <b>new_num</b>, in the last line.
+      Notice how the all of the variable declarations have been pushed up to
+      the top of the closest scope, the first time they appear.
+      <b>num</b> is not redeclared within the inner function, because it's
+      already in scope; the <b>new_num</b> within the function, on the other hand,
+      should not be able to change the value of the external variable of the same name, and
+      therefore has a declaration of its own.
     </p>
     <p>
       Although suppressed within this documentation for clarity, all
@@ -260,13 +314,20 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
       automatic generation of the <tt>var</tt> keyword, make it exceedingly difficult
       to pollute the global namespace by accident.
     </p>
+    <p>
+      If you'd like to create top-level variables for other scripts to use,
+      attach them as properties on <b>window</b>, or on the <b>exports</b>
+      object in CommonJS. The <b>existential operator</b> (below), gives you a
+      reliable way to figure out where to add them, if you're targeting both
+      CommonJS and the browser: <tt>root: exports ? this</tt>
+    </p>
 
     <p id="conditionals">
       <b class="header">Conditionals, Ternaries, and Conditional Assignment</b>
-      <b>If/else</b> statements can be written without the use of parenthesis and
-      curly brackets. As with functions and other block expressions, conditionals
-      are closed with periods. No period is necessary when using the single-line
-      postfix form, with the <tt>if</tt> at the end.
+      <b>If/else</b> statements can be written without the use of parentheses and
+      curly brackets. As with functions and other block expressions,
+      multi-line conditionals are delimited by indentation. There's also a handy
+      postfix form, with the <tt>if</tt> or <tt>unless</tt> at the end.
     </p>
     <p>
       CoffeeScript will compile <b>if</b> statements using the ternary operator
@@ -274,27 +335,12 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
     </p>
     <%= code_for('conditionals') %>
     <p>
-      The conditional assignment operators are available: <tt>||=</tt>,
+      The conditional assignment operators are included: <tt>||=</tt>,
       which only assigns a value to a variable if the variable's current value
       is falsy, and <tt>&amp;&amp;=</tt>, which only replaces the value of
       truthy variables.
     </p>
 
-    <p id="expressions">
-      <b class="header">Everything is an Expression (at least, as much as possible)</b>
-      You might have noticed how even though we don't add return statements
-      to CoffeeScript functions, they nonetheless return their final value.
-      The CoffeeScript compiler tries to make sure that all statements in the
-      language can be used as expressions. Watch how the <tt>return</tt> gets
-      pushed down into each possible branch of execution, in the function
-      below.
-    </p>
-    <%= code_for('expressions', 'eldest') %>
-    <p>
-      The same mechanism is used to push down assignment through <b>switch</b>
-      statements, and <b>if-elses</b> (although the ternary operator is preferred).
-    </p>
-
     <p id="aliases">
       <b class="header">Aliases</b>
       Because the <tt>==</tt> operator frequently causes undesirable coercion,
@@ -323,13 +369,37 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
     <p>
       For single-line statements, <tt>unless</tt> can be used as the inverse of <tt>if</tt>.
     </p>
+    <p>
+      As a shortcut for <tt>this.property</tt>, you can use <tt>@property</tt>.
+    </p>
     <%= code_for('aliases') %>
 
+    <p id="splats">
+      <b class="header">Splats...</b>
+      The JavaScript <b>arguments object</b> is a useful way to work with
+      functions that accept variable numbers of arguments. CoffeeScript provides
+      splats <tt>...</tt>, both for function definition as well as invocation,
+      making variable numbers of arguments a little bit more palatable.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('splats', true) %>
+
+    <p id="arguments">
+      <b class="header">Arguments are Arrays</b>
+      If you reference the <b>arguments object</b> directly, it will be converted
+      into a real Array, making all of the
+      <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Core_JavaScript_1.5_Reference/Objects/Array">Array methods</a>
+      available.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('arguments', true) %>
+
     <p id="while">
       <b class="header">While Loops</b>
-      The only low-level loop that CoffeeScript provides is the while loop.
+      The only low-level loop that CoffeeScript provides is the <b>while</b> loop. The
+      main difference from JavaScript is that the <b>while</b> loop can be used
+      as an expression, returning an array containing the result of each iteration
+      through the loop.
     </p>
-    <%= code_for('while') %>
+    <%= code_for('while', 'lyrics.join("\n")') %>
     <p>
       Other JavaScript loops, such as <b>for</b> loops and <b>do-while</b> loops
       can be mimicked by variations on <b>while</b>, but the hope is that you
@@ -337,8 +407,8 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
       <b>each</b> (<b>forEach</b>) style iterators, or...
     </p>
 
-    <p id="array_comprehensions">
-      <b class="header">Array Comprehensions</b>
+    <p id="comprehensions">
+      <b class="header">Comprehensions (Arrays, Objects, and Ranges)</b>
       For your looping needs, CoffeeScript provides array comprehensions
       similar to Python's. They replace (and compile into) <b>for</b> loops, with
       optional guard clauses and the value of the current array index.
@@ -347,14 +417,103 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
       would use a loop, <b>each</b>/<b>forEach</b>, <b>map</b>, or <b>select</b>/<b>filter</b>.
     </p>
     <%= code_for('array_comprehensions') %>
-
-    <p id="slice">
-      <b class="header">Array Slice Literals</b>
-      CoffeeScript includes syntax for extracting slices of arrays.
-      The first argument is the index of the first element in the slice, and
-      the second is the index of the last one.
+    <p>
+      If you know the start and end of your loop, or would like to step through
+      in fixed-size increments, you can use a range to specify the start and
+      end of your comprehension. (The long line-breaking "for" definitions in
+      the compiled JS below allow ranges to count downwards, as well as upwards).
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('range_comprehensions', 'countdown') %>
+    <p>
+      Comprehensions can also be used to iterate over the keys and values in
+      an object. Use <tt>of</tt> to signal comprehension over the properties of
+      an object instead of the values in an array.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('object_comprehensions', 'ages.join(", ")') %>
+
+    <p id="slice_splice">
+      <b class="header">Array Slicing and Splicing with Ranges</b>
+      CoffeeScript borrows Ruby's
+      <a href="http://ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Range.html">range syntax</a>
+      for extracting slices of arrays. With two dots (<tt>3..5</tt>), the range
+      is inclusive: the first argument is the index of the first element in
+      the slice, and the second is the index of the last one. Three dots signify
+      a range that excludes the end.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('slices', 'numbers_copy') %>
+    <p>
+      The same syntax can be used with assignment to replace a segment of an
+      array with new values (to splice it).
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('splices', 'numbers') %>
+
+    <p id="expressions">
+      <b class="header">Everything is an Expression (at least, as much as possible)</b>
+      You might have noticed how even though we don't add return statements
+      to CoffeeScript functions, they nonetheless return their final value.
+      The CoffeeScript compiler tries to make sure that all statements in the
+      language can be used as expressions. Watch how the <tt>return</tt> gets
+      pushed down into each possible branch of execution, in the function
+      below.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('expressions', 'eldest') %>
+    <p>
+      Even though functions will always return their final value, it's both possible
+      and encouraged to return early from a function body writing out the explicit
+      return (<tt>return value</tt>), when you know that you're done.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Because variable declarations occur at the top of scope, assignment can
+      be used within expressions, even for variables that haven't been seen before:
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('expressions_assignment', 'six') %>
+    <p>
+      Things that would otherwise be statements in JavaScript, when used
+      as part of an expression in CoffeeScript, are converted into expressions
+      by wrapping them in a closure. This lets you do useful things, like assign
+      the result of a comprehension to a variable:
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('expressions_comprehension', 'globals') %>
+    <p>
+      As well as silly things, like passing a <b>try/catch</b> statement directly
+      into a function call:
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('expressions_try', true) %>
+    <p>
+      There are a handful of statements in JavaScript that can't be meaningfully
+      converted into expressions, namely <tt>break</tt>, <tt>continue</tt>,
+      and <tt>return</tt>. If you make use of them within a block of code,
+      CoffeeScript won't try to perform the conversion.
+    </p>
+    
+    <p id="existence">
+      <b class="header">The Existential Operator</b>
+      It's a little difficult to check for the existence of a variable in
+      JavaScript. <tt>if (variable) ...</tt> comes close, but fails for zero,
+      the empty string, and false. CoffeeScript's existential operator <tt>?</tt> returns true unless
+      a variable is <b>null</b> or <b>undefined</b>, which makes it analogous
+      to Ruby's <tt>nil?</tt>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It can also be used for safer conditional assignment than <tt>||=</tt>
+      provides, for cases where you may be handling numbers or strings.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('existence', 'speed') %>
+    <p>
+      The accessor variant of the existential operator <tt>?.</tt> can be used to soak
+      up null references in a chain of properties. Use it instead
+      of the dot accessor <tt>.</tt> in cases where the base value may be <b>null</b>
+      or <b>undefined</b>. If all of the properties exist then you'll get the expected
+      result, if the chain is broken, <b>undefined</b> is returned instead of
+      the <b>TypeError</b> that would be raised otherwise.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('soaks') %>
+    <p>
+      Soaking up nulls is similar to Ruby's 
+      <a href="http://andand.rubyforge.org/">andand gem</a>, and to the 
+      <a href="http://groovy.codehaus.org/Operators#Operators-SafeNavigationOperator%28%3F.%29">safe navigation operator</a>
+      in Groovy.
     </p>
-    <%= code_for('slices', 'three_to_six') %>
 
     <p id="inheritance">
       <b class="header">Inheritance, and Calling Super from a Subclass</b>
@@ -368,17 +527,54 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
       be completely usable if it weren't for a couple of small exceptions:
       it's awkward to call <b>super</b> (the prototype object's
       implementation of the current function), and it's awkward to correctly
-      set the prototype chain. CoffeeScript provides <tt>extends</tt>
-      to help with prototype setup, and converts
-      <tt>super()</tt> calls into calls against the immediate ancestor's
-      method of the same name.
+      set the prototype chain.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      CoffeeScript provides <tt>extends</tt>
+      to help with prototype setup, <tt>::</tt> for quick access to an
+      object's prototype, and converts <tt>super()</tt> into a call against
+      the immediate ancestor's method of the same name.
     </p>
     <%= code_for('super', true) %>
 
+    <p id="pattern_matching">
+      <b class="header">Pattern Matching (Destructuring Assignment)</b>
+      To make extracting values from complex arrays and objects more convenient,
+      CoffeeScript implements ECMAScript Harmony's proposed
+      <a href="http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:destructuring">destructuring assignment</a>
+      syntax. When you assign an array or object literal to a value, CoffeeScript
+      breaks up and matches both sides against each other, assigning the values
+      on the right to the variables on the left. In the simplest case, it can be
+      used for parallel assignment:
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('parallel_assignment', 'bait') %>
+    <p>
+      But it's also helpful for dealing with functions that return multiple
+      values.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('multiple_return_values', 'forecast') %>
+    <p>
+      Pattern matching can be used with any depth of array and object nesting,
+      to help pull out deeply nested properties.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('object_extraction', 'poet + " — " + street') %>
+
+    <p id="fat_arrow">
+      <b class="header">Function binding</b>
+      The fat arrow <tt>=></tt> can be used to both define a function, and to bind
+      it to the current value of <tt>this</tt>, right on the spot. This is helpful
+      when using callback-based libraries like Prototype or jQuery, for creating
+      iterator functions to pass to <tt>each</tt>, or event-handler functions
+      to use with <tt>bind</tt>. Functions created with the fat arrow are able to access
+      properties of the <tt>this</tt> where they're defined.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('fat_arrow') %>
+
     <p id="embedded">
       <b class="header">Embedded JavaScript</b>
-      If you ever need to interpolate literal JavaScript snippets, you can
-      use backticks to pass JavaScript straight through.
+      Hopefully, you'll never need to use it, but if you ever need to intersperse
+      snippets of JavaScript within your CoffeeScript, you can
+      use backticks to pass it straight through.
     </p>
     <%= code_for('embedded', 'hi()') %>
 
@@ -392,6 +588,11 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
       in a returnable, assignable expression. The format is: <tt>switch</tt> condition,
       <tt>when</tt> clauses, <tt>else</tt> the default case.
     </p>
+    <p>
+      As in Ruby, <b>switch</b> statements in CoffeeScript can take multiple
+      values for each <b>when</b> clause. If any of the values match, the clause
+      runs.
+    </p>
     <%= code_for('switch') %>
 
     <p id="try">
@@ -401,64 +602,193 @@ coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
     </p>
     <%= code_for('try') %>
 
-    <p id="try">
-      <b class="header">Multiline Strings</b>
+    <p id="comparisons">
+      <b class="header">Chained Comparisons</b>
+      CoffeeScript borrows
+      <a href="http://docs.python.org/reference/expressions.html#notin">chained comparisons</a>
+      from Python &mdash; making it easy to test if a value falls within a
+      certain range.
+    </p>
+    <%= code_for('comparisons', 'healthy') %>
+
+    <p id="strings">
+      <b class="header">Multiline Strings and Heredocs</b>
       Multiline strings are allowed in CoffeeScript.
     </p>
     <%= code_for('strings', 'moby_dick') %>
-
-    <h2 id="contributing">Contributing</h2>
-
     <p>
-      Here's a wish list of things that would be wonderful to have in
-      CoffeeScript:
+      Heredocs can be used to hold formatted or indentation-sensitive text
+      (or, if you just don't feel like escaping quotes and apostrophes). The
+      indentation level that begins the heredoc is maintained throughout, so
+      you can keep it all aligned with the body of your code.
     </p>
+    <%= code_for('heredocs') %>
+
+    <h2 id="resources">Resources</h2>
 
     <ul>
       <li>
-        A JavaScript version of the compiler, perhaps using Alessandro Warth's
-        <a href="http://tinlizzie.org/ometa/">OMeta</a>.
+        <a href="http://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script/">Source Code</a><br />
+        Use <tt>bin/coffee</tt> to test your changes,
+        <tt>rake test</tt> to run the test suite,
+        <tt>rake build:parser</tt> to regenerate the Racc parser if you're
+        working on the grammar,
+        and <tt>rake gem:install</tt> to
+        create and install a custom version of the gem.
       </li>
       <li>
-        Ideas for alternate syntax to end blocks of expressions &mdash; the periods
-        can look a little weird with deeply nested structure.
+        <a href="http://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script/issues">CoffeeScript Issues</a><br />
+        Bugs reports, feature requests, and general discussion all belong here.
       </li>
       <li>
-        Test cases for any syntax errors you encounter that you think CoffeeScript
-        should be able to compile properly.
+        <a href="http://github.com/mattly/rack-coffee">rack-coffee</a><br />
+        Rack middleware for serving CoffeeScripts as JavaScript directly to
+        the browser, without having to compile them first. From
+        <a href="http://github.com/mattly">Matt Lyon</a>.
       </li>
       <li>
-        A tutorial that introduces CoffeeScript from the ground up for folks
-        without knowledge of JavaScript.
+        <a href="http://github.com/jnicklas/bistro_car">BistroCar</a><br />
+        A Rails plugin by
+        <a href="http://github.com/jnicklas">Jonas Nicklas</a>
+        that includes CoffeeScript helpers,
+        bundling and minification.
       </li>
       <li>
-        Integration with Processing.js's JavaScript API (this would depend on
-        having a JavaScript version of the compiler).
+        <a href="http://github.com/inem/coffee-haml-filter">coffee-haml-filter</a><br />
+        A custom <a href="http://haml-lang.com/">HAML</a> filter, by
+        <a href="http://github.com/inem">Ivan Nemytchenko</a>, that embeds
+        snippets of CoffeeScript within your HAML templates.
       </li>
       <li>
-        A lot of the code generation in <tt>nodes.rb</tt> gets into messy
-        string manipulation. Techniques for cleaning this up across the board
-        would be appreciated.
+        <a href="http://github.com/creationix/coffeepot">CoffeePot</a><br />
+        An implementation of CoffeeScript, written in CoffeeScript, by
+        <a href="http://github.com/creationix">Tim Caswell</a>. Compiles just
+        a limited subset at this point.
       </li>
     </ul>
 
     <h2 id="change_log">Change Log</h2>
     
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.3.2</b>
+      <tt>@property</tt> is now a shorthand for <tt>this.property</tt>.<br />
+      Switched the default JavaScript engine from Narwhal to Node.js. Pass
+      the <tt>--narwhal</tt> flag if you'd like to continue using it.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.3.0</b>
+      CoffeeScript 0.3 includes major syntax changes:
+      <br />
+      The function symbol was changed to
+      <tt>-></tt>, and the bound function symbol is now <tt>=></tt>.
+      <br />
+      Parameter lists in function definitions must now be wrapped in parentheses.
+      <br />
+      Added property soaking, with the <tt>?.</tt> operator.
+      <br />
+      Made parentheses optional, when invoking functions with arguments.
+      <br />
+      Removed the obsolete block literal syntax.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.6</b>
+      Added Python-style chained comparisons, the conditional existence
+      operator <tt>?=</tt>, and some examples from <i>Beautiful Code</i>.
+      Bugfixes relating to statement-to-expression conversion, arguments-to-array
+      conversion, and the TextMate syntax highlighter.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.5</b>
+      The conditions in switch statements can now take multiple values at once &mdash;
+      If any of them are true, the case will run. Added the long arrow <tt>==></tt>,
+      which defines and immediately binds a function to <tt>this</tt>. While loops can
+      now be used as expressions, in the same way that comprehensions can. Splats
+      can be used within pattern matches to soak up the rest of an array.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.4</b>
+      Added ECMAScript Harmony style destructuring assignment, for dealing with
+      extracting values from nested arrays and objects. Added indentation-sensitive
+      heredocs for nicely formatted strings or chunks of code.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.3</b>
+      Axed the unsatisfactory <tt>ino</tt> keyword, replacing it with <tt>of</tt> for
+      object comprehensions. They now look like: <tt>for prop, value of object</tt>.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.2</b>
+      When performing a comprehension over an object, use <tt>ino</tt>, instead
+      of <tt>in</tt>, which helps us generate smaller, more efficient code at
+      compile time.
+      <br />
+      Added <tt>::</tt> as a shorthand for saying <tt>.prototype.</tt>
+      <br />
+      The "splat" symbol has been changed from a prefix asterisk <tt>*</tt>, to
+      a postfix ellipsis <tt>...</tt>
+      <br />
+      Added JavaScript's <tt>in</tt> operator,
+      empty <tt>return</tt> statements, and empty <tt>while</tt> loops.
+      <br />
+      Constructor functions that start with capital letters now include a
+      safety check to make sure that the new instance of the object is returned.
+      <br />
+      The <tt>extends</tt> keyword now functions identically to <tt>goog.inherits</tt>
+      in Google's Closure Library.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.1</b>
+      Arguments objects are now converted into real arrays when referenced.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.0</b>
+      Major release. Significant whitespace. Better statement-to-expression
+      conversion. Splats. Splice literals. Object comprehensions. Blocks.
+      The existential operator. Many thanks to all the folks who posted issues,
+      with special thanks to
+      <a href="http://github.com/kamatsu">Liam O'Connor-Davis</a> for whitespace
+      and expression help.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.1.6</b>
+      Bugfix for running <tt>coffee --interactive</tt> and <tt>--run</tt>
+      from outside of the CoffeeScript directory. Bugfix for nested
+      function/if-statements.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.1.5</b>
+      Array slice literals and array comprehensions can now both take Ruby-style
+      ranges to specify the start and end. JavaScript variable declaration is
+      now pushed up to the top of the scope, making all assignment statements into
+      expressions. You can use <tt>\</tt> to escape newlines.
+      The <tt>coffee-script</tt> command is now called <tt>coffee</tt>.
+    </p>
+
     <p>
       <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.1.4</b>
       The official CoffeeScript extension is now <tt>.coffee</tt> instead of
-      <tt>.cs</tt>, which properly belongs to 
+      <tt>.cs</tt>, which properly belongs to
       <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)">C#</a>.
       Due to popular demand, you can now also use <tt>=</tt> to assign. Unlike
       JavaScript, <tt>=</tt> can also be used within object literals, interchangeably
-      with <tt>:</tt>. Made a grammatical fix for chained function calls 
-      like <tt>func(1)(2)(3)(4)</tt>. Inheritance and super no longer use 
-      <tt>__proto__</tt>, so they should be IE-compatible now. 
+      with <tt>:</tt>. Made a grammatical fix for chained function calls
+      like <tt>func(1)(2)(3)(4)</tt>. Inheritance and super no longer use
+      <tt>__proto__</tt>, so they should be IE-compatible now.
     </p>
 
     <p>
       <b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.1.3</b>
-      The <tt>coffee-script</tt> command now includes <tt>--interactive</tt>,
+      The <tt>coffee</tt> command now includes <tt>--interactive</tt>,
       which launches an interactive CoffeeScript session, and <tt>--run</tt>,
       which directly compiles and executes a script. Both options depend on a
       working installation of Narwhal.

documentation/js/aliases.js

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 (function(){
+  var volume;
   if (ignition === true) {
     launch();
   }
-  var volume;
   if (band !== spinal_tap) {
     volume = 10;
   }
@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@
     let_the_wild_rumpus_begin();
   }
   car.speed < speed_limit ? accelerate() : null;
+  print("My name is " + this.name);
 })();

documentation/js/arguments.js

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+(function(){
+  var backwards;
+  backwards = function backwards() {
+    var arguments = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);
+    return alert(arguments.reverse());
+  };
+  backwards("stairway", "to", "heaven");
+})();

documentation/js/array_comprehensions.js

@@ -1,21 +1,26 @@
 (function(){
-
+  var __a, __b, __c, __d, __e, __f, __g, food, lunch, roid, roid2;
   // Eat lunch.
-  var lunch;
-  var __a = ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine'];
-  var __d = [];
-  for (var __b=0, __c=__a.length; __b<__c; __b++) {
-    var food = __a[__b];
-    __d[__b] = food.eat();
+  lunch = (function() {
+    __a = []; __b = ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine'];
+    for (__c = 0; __c < __b.length; __c++) {
+      food = __b[__c];
+      __a.push(eat(food));
+    }
+    return __a;
+  }).call(this);
+  // Naive collision detection.
+  __d = asteroids;
+  for (__e = 0; __e < __d.length; __e++) {
+    roid = __d[__e];
+    __f = asteroids;
+    for (__g = 0; __g < __f.length; __g++) {
+      roid2 = __f[__g];
+      if (roid !== roid2) {
+        if (roid.overlaps(roid2)) {
+          roid.explode();
+        }
+      }
+    }
   }
-  lunch = __d;
-  // Zebra-stripe a table.
-  var __e = table;
-  var __h = [];
-  for (var __f=0, __g=__e.length; __f<__g; __f++) {
-    var row = __e[__f];
-    var i = __f;
-    __h[__f] = i % 2 === 0 ? highlight(row) : null;
-  }
-  __h;
 })();

documentation/js/assignment.js

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 (function(){
-  var greeting = "Hello CoffeeScript";
-  var difficulty = 0.5;
+  var difficulty, greeting;
+  greeting = "Hello CoffeeScript";
+  difficulty = 0.5;
 })();

documentation/js/comparisons.js

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+(function(){
+  var cholesterol, healthy;
+  cholesterol = 127;
+  healthy = (200 > cholesterol) && (cholesterol > 60);
+})();

documentation/js/conditionals.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 (function(){
-  var mood;
+  var date, expensive, mood;
   if (singing) {
     mood = greatly_improved;
   }
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
     claps_hands();
     cha_cha_cha();
   }
-  var date = friday ? sue : jill;
+  date = friday ? sue : jill;
   expensive = expensive || do_the_math();
 })();

documentation/js/embedded.js

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 (function(){
-  var hi = function() {
+  var hi;
+  hi = function() {
   return [document.title, "Hello JavaScript"].join(": ");
 };
 })();

documentation/js/existence.js

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+(function(){
+  var solipsism, speed;
+  if ((typeof mind !== "undefined" && mind !== null) && (typeof !world !== "undefined" && !world !== null)) {
+    solipsism = true;
+  }
+  speed = (typeof speed !== "undefined" && speed !== null) ? speed : 140;
+})();

documentation/js/expressions.js

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 (function(){
-  var grade = function(student) {
+  var eldest, grade;
+  grade = function grade(student) {
     if (student.excellent_work) {
       return "A+";
     } else if (student.okay_stuff) {
@@ -8,5 +9,5 @@
       return "C";
     }
   };
-  var eldest = 24 > 21 ? "Liz" : "Ike";
+  eldest = 24 > 21 ? "Liz" : "Ike";
 })();

documentation/js/expressions_assignment.js

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+(function(){
+  var one, six, three, two;
+  six = ((one = 1)) + ((two = 2)) + ((three = 3));
+})();

documentation/js/expressions_comprehension.js

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+(function(){
+  var __a, __b, globals, name;
+  var __hasProp = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+  // The first ten global properties.
+  globals = ((function() {
+    __a = []; __b = window;
+    for (name in __b) {
+      if (__hasProp.call(__b, name)) {
+        __a.push(name);
+      }
+    }
+    return __a;
+  }).call(this)).slice(0, 10);
+})();

documentation/js/expressions_try.js

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+(function(){
+  alert((function() {
+    try {
+      return nonexistent / undefined;
+    } catch (error) {
+      return "And the error is ... " + error;
+    }
+  }).call(this));
+})();

documentation/js/fat_arrow.js

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+(function(){
+  var Account;
+  Account = function Account(customer, cart) {
+    var __a;
+    this.customer = customer;
+    this.cart = cart;
+    __a = $('.shopping_cart').bind('click', (function(__this) {
+      var __func = function(event) {
+        return this.customer.purchase(this.cart);
+      };
+      return (function() {
+        return __func.apply(__this, arguments);
+      });
+    })(this));
+    return Account === this.constructor ? this : __a;
+  };
+})();

documentation/js/functions.js

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 (function(){
-  var square = function(x) {
+  var cube, square;
+  square = function square(x) {
     return x * x;
   };
-  var cube = function(x) {
+  cube = function cube(x) {
     return square(x) * x;
   };
 })();

documentation/js/heredocs.js

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+(function(){
+  var html;
+  html = "<strong>\n  cup of coffeescript\n</strong>";
+})();

documentation/js/multiple_return_values.js

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+(function(){
+  var __a, city, forecast, temp, weather_report;
+  weather_report = function weather_report(location) {
+    // Make an Ajax request to fetch the weather...
+    return [location, 72, "Mostly Sunny"];
+  };
+  __a = weather_report("Berkeley, CA");
+  city = __a[0];
+  temp = __a[1];
+  forecast = __a[2];
+})();

documentation/js/object_comprehensions.js

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+(function(){
+  var __a, __b, age, ages, child, years_old;
+  var __hasProp = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+  years_old = {
+    max: 10,
+    ida: 9,
+    tim: 11
+  };
+  ages = (function() {
+    __a = []; __b = years_old;
+    for (child in __b) {
+      age = __b[child];
+      if (__hasProp.call(__b, child)) {
+        __a.push(child + " is " + age);
+      }
+    }
+    return __a;
+  }).call(this);
+})();

documentation/js/object_extraction.js

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+(function(){
+  var __a, __b, __c, city, futurists, poet, street;
+  futurists = {
+    sculptor: "Umberto Boccioni",
+    painter: "Vladimir Burliuk",
+    poet: {
+      name: "F.T. Marinetti",
+      address: ["Via Roma 42R", "Bellagio, Italy 22021"]
+    }
+  };
+  __a = futurists;
+  __b = __a.poet;
+  poet = __b.name;
+  __c = __b.address;
+  street = __c[0];
+  city = __c[1];
+})();

documentation/js/objects_and_arrays.js

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 (function(){
-  var song = ["do", "re", "mi", "fa", "so"];
-  var ages = {
+  var ages, matrix, song;
+  song = ["do", "re", "mi", "fa", "so"];
+  ages = {
     max: 10,
     ida: 9,
     tim: 11
   };
+  matrix = [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0];
 })();

documentation/js/overview.js

@@ -1,33 +1,43 @@
 (function(){
-
+  var __a, __b, __c, cubed_list, list, math, num, number, opposite_day, race, square;
   // Assignment:
-  var number = 42;
-  var opposite_day = true;
+  number = 42;
+  opposite_day = true;
   // Conditions:
   if (opposite_day) {
     number = -42;
   }
   // Functions:
-  var square = function(x) {
+  square = function square(x) {
     return x * x;
   };
   // Arrays:
-  var list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+  list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
   // Objects:
-  var math = {
+  math = {
     root: Math.sqrt,
     square: square,
-    cube: function(x) {
+    cube: function cube(x) {
       return x * square(x);
     }
   };
-  // Array comprehensions:
-  var cubed_list;
-  var __a = list;
-  var __d = [];
-  for (var __b=0, __c=__a.length; __b<__c; __b++) {
-    var num = __a[__b];
-    __d[__b] = math.cube(num);
+  // Splats:
+  race = function race(winner) {
+    var runners;
+    runners = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+    return print(winner, runners);
+  };
+  // Existence:
+  if ((typeof elvis !== "undefined" && elvis !== null)) {
+    alert("I knew it!");
   }
-  cubed_list = __d;
+  // Array comprehensions:
+  cubed_list = (function() {
+    __a = []; __b = list;
+    for (__c = 0; __c < __b.length; __c++) {
+      num = __b[__c];
+      __a.push(math.cube(num));
+    }
+    return __a;
+  }).call(this);
 })();

documentation/js/parallel_assignment.js

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+(function(){
+  var __a, and_switch, bait;
+  bait = 1000;
+  and_switch = 0;
+  __a = [and_switch, bait];
+  bait = __a[0];
+  and_switch = __a[1];
+})();

documentation/js/range_comprehensions.js

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+(function(){
+  var __a, __b, __c, __d, __e, countdown, egg_delivery, num;
+  countdown = (function() {
+    __a = []; __d = 10; __e = 1;
+    for (__c=0, num=__d; (__d <= __e ? num <= __e : num >= __e); (__d <= __e ? num += 1 : num -= 1), __c++) {
+      __a.push(num);
+    }
+    return __a;
+  }).call(this);
+  egg_delivery = function egg_delivery() {
+    var __f, __g, __h, __i, __j, dozen_eggs, i;
+    __f = []; __i = 0; __j = eggs.length;
+    for (__h=0, i=__i; (__i <= __j ? i < __j : i > __j); (__i <= __j ? i += 12 : i -= 12), __h++) {
+      __f.push((function() {
+        dozen_eggs = eggs.slice(i, i + 12);
+        return deliver(new egg_carton(dozen));
+      }).call(this));
+    }
+    return __f;
+  };
+})();

documentation/js/scope.js

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 (function(){
-  var num = 1;
-  var change_numbers = function() {
-    num = 2;
-    var new_num = 3;
-    return new_num;
+  var change_numbers, new_num, num;
+  num = 1;
+  change_numbers = function change_numbers() {
+    var new_num;
+    new_num = -1;
+    return num = 10;
   };
-  var new_num = change_numbers();
+  new_num = change_numbers();
 })();

documentation/js/slices.js

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 (function(){
-  var nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
-  var three_to_six = nums.slice(3, 6 + 1);
+  var numbers, numbers_copy, three_to_six;
+  numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
+  three_to_six = numbers.slice(3, 6 + 1);
+  numbers_copy = numbers.slice(0, numbers.length);
 })();

documentation/js/soaks.js

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+(function(){
+  var __a;
+  ((__a = lottery.draw_winner()) == undefined ? undefined : __a.address == undefined ? undefined : __a.address.zipcode);
+})();

documentation/js/splats.js

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+(function(){
+  var award_medals, contenders, gold, silver, the_field;
+  gold = (silver = (the_field = "unknown"));
+  award_medals = function award_medals(first, second) {
+    var rest;
+    rest = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
+    gold = first;
+    silver = second;
+    return the_field = rest;
+  };
+  contenders = ["Michael Phelps", "Liu Xiang", "Yao Ming", "Allyson Felix", "Shawn Johnson", "Roman Sebrle", "Guo Jingjing", "Tyson Gay", "Asafa Powell", "Usain Bolt"];
+  award_medals.apply(this, contenders);
+  alert("Gold: " + gold);
+  alert("Silver: " + silver);
+  alert("The Field: " + the_field);
+})();

documentation/js/splices.js

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+(function(){
+  var numbers;
+  numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
+  numbers.splice.apply(numbers, [3, 6 - 3 + 1].concat([-3, -4, -5, -6]));
+})();

documentation/js/strings.js

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 (function(){
-  var moby_dick = "Call me Ishmael. Some years ago -- \
+  var moby_dick;
+  moby_dick = "Call me Ishmael. Some years ago -- \
 never mind how long precisely -- having little \
 or no money in my purse, and nothing particular \
 to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail \

documentation/js/super.js

@@ -1,33 +1,39 @@
 (function(){
-  var Animal = function() {
-  };
-  Animal.prototype.move = function(meters) {
+  var Animal, Horse, Snake, __a, __b, sam, tom;
+  Animal = function Animal() {  };
+  Animal.prototype.move = function move(meters) {
     return alert(this.name + " moved " + meters + "m.");
   };
-  var Snake = function(name) {
-    this.name = name;
-    return this.name;
+  Snake = function Snake(name) {
+    var __a;
+    __a = this.name = name;
+    return Snake === this.constructor ? this : __a;
   };
+  __a = function(){};
+  __a.prototype = Animal.prototype;
   Snake.__superClass__ = Animal.prototype;
-  Snake.prototype = new Animal();
+  Snake.prototype = new __a();
   Snake.prototype.constructor = Snake;
-  Snake.prototype.move = function() {
+  Snake.prototype.move = function move() {
     alert("Slithering...");
     return Snake.__superClass__.move.call(this, 5);
   };
-  var Horse = function(name) {
-    this.name = name;
-    return this.name;
+  Horse = function Horse(name) {
+    var __b;
+    __b = this.name = name;
+    return Horse === this.constructor ? this : __b;
   };
+  __b = function(){};
+  __b.prototype = Animal.prototype;
   Horse.__superClass__ = Animal.prototype;
-  Horse.prototype = new Animal();
+  Horse.prototype = new __b();
   Horse.prototype.constructor = Horse;
-  Horse.prototype.move = function() {
+  Horse.prototype.move = function move() {
     alert("Galloping...");
     return Horse.__superClass__.move.call(this, 45);
   };
-  var sam = new Snake("Sammy the Python");
-  var tom = new Horse("Tommy the Palomino");
+  sam = new Snake("Sammy the Python");
+  tom = new Horse("Tommy the Palomino");
   sam.move();
   tom.move();
 })();

documentation/js/switch.js

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 (function(){
-  if (day === "Tuesday") {
-    eat_breakfast();
-  } else if (day === "Wednesday") {
+  if (day === "Mon") {
+    go_to_work();
+  } else if (day === "Tue") {
     go_to_the_park();
-  } else if (day === "Saturday") {
+  } else if (day === "Thu") {
+    go_ice_fishing();
+  } else if (day === "Fri" || day === "Sat") {
     if (day === bingo_day) {
       go_to_bingo();
       go_dancing();
     }
-  } else if (day === "Sunday") {
+  } else if (day === "Sun") {
     go_to_church();
   } else {
     go_to_work();

documentation/js/while.js

@@ -1,9 +1,22 @@
 (function(){
-  while (demand > supply) {
-    sell();
-    restock();
-  }
-  while (supply > demand) {
-    buy();
+  var __a, lyrics, num;
+  // Econ 101
+  if (this.studying_economics) {
+    while (supply > demand) {
+      buy();
+    }
+    while (supply < demand) {
+      sell();
+    }
   }
+  // Nursery Rhyme
+  num = 6;
+  lyrics = (function() {
+    __a = [];
+    while (num -= 1) {
+      __a.push(num + " little monkeys, jumping on the bed. \
+One fell out and bumped his head.");
+    }
+    return __a;
+  }).call(this);
 })();

documentation/speed.html

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
+  <title>Quickie CoffeeScript Speed Tests</title>
+  <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.broofa.com/Tools/JSLitmus/JSLitmus.js"></script>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+  <h1>Quickie CoffeeScript Speed Tests</h1>
+
+  <script type="text/javascript">
+    var num = 1000;
+    var arr = [];
+    while (num--) arr.push(num);
+
+    var f1 = function f1() {
+      return arr;
+    };
+
+    JSLitmus.test('regular function', function() {
+      f1();
+    });
+
+    var __this = this;
+
+    var f2 = function f2() {
+      return (function() {
+        return arr;
+      }).apply(__this, arguments);
+    };
+
+    JSLitmus.test('bound function', function() {
+      f2();
+    });
+
+    var f3 = (function() {
+      __b = function() {
+        return arr;
+      };
+      return (function f2() {
+        return __b.apply(__this, arguments);
+      });
+    })();
+
+    JSLitmus.test('prebound function', function() {
+      f3();
+    });
+
+  </script>
+
+</body>
+</html>

documentation/underscore.html

@@ -0,0 +1,636 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
+
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen,projection,print" href="css/idle.css" />
+  <title>Underscore.coffee</title>
+  <style type="text/css">
+    body {
+      margin: 0; padding: 0;
+    }
+    pre.idle {
+      font-family: "Monaco", "Consolas", monospace;
+      font-size: 12px;
+    }
+  </style>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+<pre class="idle"><span class="line-numbers">   1 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">   2 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Underscore.coffee</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">   3 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> (c) 2010 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">   4 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Underscore is freely distributable under the terms of the MIT license.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">   5 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Portions of Underscore are inspired by or borrowed from Prototype.js,</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">   6 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Oliver Steele's Functional, and John Resig's Micro-Templating.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">   7 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> For all details and documentation:</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">   8 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">   9 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  10 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  11 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> ------------------------- Baseline setup ---------------------------------</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  12 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  13 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Establish the root object, &quot;window&quot; in the browser, or &quot;global&quot; on the server.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  14 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">root</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Variable">this</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  15 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  16 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  17 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Save the previous value of the &quot;_&quot; variable.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  18 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">previousUnderscore</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> root._
+<span class="line-numbers">  19 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  20 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  21 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> If Underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  22 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> can be used OO-style. This wrapper holds altered versions of all the</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  23 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> underscore functions. Wrapped objects may be chained.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  24 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">wrapper</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  25 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">this._wrapped</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> obj
+<span class="line-numbers">  26 </span>     <span class="Variable">this</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  27 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  28 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  29 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Establish the object that gets thrown to break out of a loop iteration.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  30 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">breaker</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="Keyword">typeof</span>(StopIteration) <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>undefined<span class="String">'</span></span> <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>__break__<span class="String">'</span></span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> StopIteration
+<span class="line-numbers">  31 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  32 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  33 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Create a safe reference to the Underscore object forreference below.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  34 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionName">root._</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">new</span> <span class="TypeName">wrapper</span>(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers">  35 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  36 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  37 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Export the Underscore object for CommonJS.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  38 </span>   <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="Keyword">typeof</span>(exports) <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">=</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>undefined<span class="String">'</span></span> <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="FunctionName">exports._</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _
+<span class="line-numbers">  39 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  40 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  41 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  42 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">slice</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>                <span class="FunctionName">Array:</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>slice
+<span class="line-numbers">  43 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">unshift</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>              <span class="FunctionName">Array:</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>unshift
+<span class="line-numbers">  44 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">toString</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>             <span class="FunctionName">Object:</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>toString
+<span class="line-numbers">  45 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">hasOwnProperty</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>       <span class="FunctionName">Object:</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>hasOwnProperty
+<span class="line-numbers">  46 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">propertyIsEnumerable</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionName">Object:</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>propertyIsEnumerable
+<span class="line-numbers">  47 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  48 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  49 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Current version.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  50 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.VERSION</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>0.5.7<span class="String">'</span></span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  51 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  52 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  53 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> ------------------------ Collection Functions: ---------------------------</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  54 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  55 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> The cornerstone, an each implementation.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  56 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Handles objects implementing forEach, arrays, and raw objects.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  57 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.each</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  58 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">index</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  59 </span>     <span class="Keyword">try</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  60 </span>       <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.forEach(iterator, context) <span class="Keyword">if</span> obj.forEach
+<span class="line-numbers">  61 </span>       <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isArray(obj) <span class="Keyword">or</span> _.isArguments(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers">  62 </span>         <span class="Keyword">return</span> iterator.call(context, obj[i], i, obj) <span class="Keyword">for</span> i <span class="Keyword">in</span> [<span class="Number">0</span>...obj.length]
+<span class="line-numbers">  63 </span>       iterator.call(context, val, key, obj) <span class="Keyword">for</span> key, val <span class="Keyword">of</span> obj
+<span class="line-numbers">  64 </span>     <span class="Keyword">catch</span> e
+<span class="line-numbers">  65 </span>       <span class="Keyword">throw</span> e <span class="Keyword">if</span> e <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> breaker
+<span class="line-numbers">  66 </span>     obj
+<span class="line-numbers">  67 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  68 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  69 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return the results of applying the iterator to each element. Use JavaScript</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  70 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> 1.6's version of map, if possible.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  71 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.map</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  72 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.map(iterator, context) <span class="Keyword">if</span> (obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.map))
+<span class="line-numbers">  73 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">results</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> []
+<span class="line-numbers">  74 </span>     _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  75 </span>       results.push(iterator.call(context, value, index, list))
+<span class="line-numbers">  76 </span>     results
+<span class="line-numbers">  77 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  78 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  79 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Reduce builds up a single result from a list of values. Also known as</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  80 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> inject, or foldl. Uses JavaScript 1.8's version of reduce, if possible.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  81 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.reduce</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, memo, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  82 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.reduce(_.bind(iterator, context), memo) <span class="Keyword">if</span> (obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.reduce))
+<span class="line-numbers">  83 </span>     _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  84 </span>       <span class="FunctionName">memo</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> iterator.call(context, memo, value, index, list)
+<span class="line-numbers">  85 </span>     memo
+<span class="line-numbers">  86 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  87 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  88 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> The right-associative version of reduce, also known as foldr. Uses</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  89 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> JavaScript 1.8's version of reduceRight, if available.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  90 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.reduceRight</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, memo, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  91 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.reduceRight(_.bind(iterator, context), memo) <span class="Keyword">if</span> (obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.reduceRight))
+<span class="line-numbers">  92 </span>     _.each _.clone(_.toArray(obj)).reverse(), <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  93 </span>       <span class="FunctionName">memo</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> iterator.call(context, memo, value, index, obj)
+<span class="line-numbers">  94 </span>     memo
+<span class="line-numbers">  95 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  96 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  97 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return the first value which passes a truth test.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  98 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.detect</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers">  99 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">null</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 100 </span>     _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 101 </span>       <span class="Keyword">if</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 102 </span>         <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> value
+<span class="line-numbers"> 103 </span>         _.breakLoop()
+<span class="line-numbers"> 104 </span>     result
+<span class="line-numbers"> 105 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 106 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 107 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return all the elements that pass a truth test. Use JavaScript 1.6's</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 108 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> filter(), if it exists.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 109 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.select</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 110 </span>     <span class="Keyword">if</span> obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.filter) <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.filter(iterator, context)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 111 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">results</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> []
+<span class="line-numbers"> 112 </span>     _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 113 </span>       results.push(value) <span class="Keyword">if</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 114 </span>     results
+<span class="line-numbers"> 115 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 116 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 117 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return all the elements for which a truth test fails.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 118 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.reject</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 119 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">results</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> []
+<span class="line-numbers"> 120 </span>     _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 121 </span>       results.push(value) <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 122 </span>     results
+<span class="line-numbers"> 123 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 124 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 125 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Determine whether all of the elements match a truth test. Delegate to</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 126 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> JavaScript 1.6's every(), if it is present.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 127 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.all</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 128 </span>     iterator <span class="Keyword">||</span><span class="Keyword">=</span> _.identity
+<span class="line-numbers"> 129 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.every(iterator, context) <span class="Keyword">if</span> obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.every)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 130 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 131 </span>     _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 132 </span>       _.breakLoop() <span class="Keyword">unless</span> (<span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> result <span class="Keyword">and</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 133 </span>     result
+<span class="line-numbers"> 134 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 135 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 136 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Determine if at least one element in the object matches a truth test. Use</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 137 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> JavaScript 1.6's some(), if it exists.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 138 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.any</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 139 </span>     iterator <span class="Keyword">||</span><span class="Keyword">=</span> _.identity
+<span class="line-numbers"> 140 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.some(iterator, context) <span class="Keyword">if</span> obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.some)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 141 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 142 </span>     _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 143 </span>       _.breakLoop() <span class="Keyword">if</span> (<span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 144 </span>     result
+<span class="line-numbers"> 145 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 146 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 147 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Determine if a given value is included in the array or object,</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 148 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> based on '==='.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 149 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.include</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, target</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 150 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> _.indexOf(obj, target) <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> <span class="Keyword">-</span><span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isArray(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 151 </span>     <span class="Keyword">for</span> key, val <span class="Keyword">of</span> obj
+<span class="line-numbers"> 152 </span>       <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> val <span class="Keyword">is</span> target
+<span class="line-numbers"> 153 </span>     <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 154 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 155 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 156 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Invoke a method with arguments on every item in a collection.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 157 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.invoke</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, method</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 158 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">args</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.rest(arguments, <span class="Number">2</span>)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 159 </span>     (<span class="Keyword">if</span> method <span class="Keyword">then</span> val[method] <span class="Keyword">else</span> val).apply(val, args) <span class="Keyword">for</span> val <span class="Keyword">in</span> obj
+<span class="line-numbers"> 160 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 161 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 162 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Convenience version of a common use case of map: fetching a property.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 163 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.pluck</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, key</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 164 </span>     _.map(obj, (<span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">val</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> val[key]))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 165 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 166 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 167 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return the maximum item or (item-based computation).</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 168 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.max</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 169 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> Math.max.apply(Math, obj) <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> iterator <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isArray(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 170 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> {<span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">-</span><span class="BuiltInConstant">Infinity</span>}
+<span class="line-numbers"> 171 </span>     _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 172 </span>       <span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> iterator <span class="Keyword">then</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list) <span class="Keyword">else</span> value
+<span class="line-numbers"> 173 </span>       computed <span class="Keyword">&gt;=</span> result.computed <span class="Keyword">and</span> (<span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> {<span class="FunctionName">value</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> value, <span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> computed})
+<span class="line-numbers"> 174 </span>     result.value
+<span class="line-numbers"> 175 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 176 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 177 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return the minimum element (or element-based computation).</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 178 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.min</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 179 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> Math.min.apply(Math, obj) <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> iterator <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isArray(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 180 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> {<span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">Infinity</span>}
+<span class="line-numbers"> 181 </span>     _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 182 </span>       <span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> iterator <span class="Keyword">then</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list) <span class="Keyword">else</span> value
+<span class="line-numbers"> 183 </span>       computed <span class="Keyword">&lt;</span> result.computed <span class="Keyword">and</span> (<span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> {<span class="FunctionName">value</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> value, <span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> computed})
+<span class="line-numbers"> 184 </span>     result.value
+<span class="line-numbers"> 185 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 186 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 187 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Sort the object's values by a criteria produced by an iterator.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 188 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.sortBy</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 189 </span>     _.pluck(((_.map obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 190 </span>       {<span class="FunctionName">value</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> value, <span class="FunctionName">criteria</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list)}
+<span class="line-numbers"> 191 </span>     ).sort(<span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">left, right</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 192 </span>       <span class="FunctionName">a</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> left.criteria; <span class="FunctionName">b</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> right.criteria
+<span class="line-numbers"> 193 </span>       <span class="Keyword">if</span> a <span class="Keyword">&lt;</span> b <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Keyword">-</span><span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> a <span class="Keyword">&gt;</span> b <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 194 </span>     )), <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>value<span class="String">'</span></span>)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 195 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 196 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 197 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Use a comparator function to figure out at what index an object should</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 198 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> be inserted so as to maintain order. Uses binary search.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 199 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.sortedIndex</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array, obj, iterator</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 200 </span>     iterator <span class="Keyword">||</span><span class="Keyword">=</span> _.identity
+<span class="line-numbers"> 201 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">low</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Number">0</span>; <span class="FunctionName">high</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> array.length
+<span class="line-numbers"> 202 </span>     <span class="Keyword">while</span> low <span class="Keyword">&lt;</span> high
+<span class="line-numbers"> 203 </span>       <span class="FunctionName">mid</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> (low <span class="Keyword">+</span> high) <span class="Keyword">&gt;</span><span class="Keyword">&gt;</span> <span class="Number">1</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 204 </span>       <span class="Keyword">if</span> iterator(array[mid]) <span class="Keyword">&lt;</span> iterator(obj) <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="FunctionName">low</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> mid <span class="Keyword">+</span> <span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> <span class="FunctionName">high</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> mid
+<span class="line-numbers"> 205 </span>     low
+<span class="line-numbers"> 206 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 207 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 208 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Convert anything iterable into a real, live array.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 209 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.toArray</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">iterable</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 210 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> []                   <span class="Keyword">if</span> (<span class="Keyword">!</span>iterable)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 211 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> iterable.toArray()   <span class="Keyword">if</span> (iterable.toArray)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 212 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> iterable             <span class="Keyword">if</span> (_.isArray(iterable))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 213 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> slice.call(iterable) <span class="Keyword">if</span> (_.isArguments(iterable))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 214 </span>     _.values(iterable)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 215 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 216 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 217 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return the number of elements in an object.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 218 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.size</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> _.toArray(obj).length
+<span class="line-numbers"> 219 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 220 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 221 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> -------------------------- Array Functions: ------------------------------</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 222 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 223 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Get the first element of an array. Passing &quot;n&quot; will return the first N</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 224 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> values in the array. Aliased as &quot;head&quot;. The &quot;guard&quot; check allows it to work</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 225 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> with _.map.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 226 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.first</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array, n, guard</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 227 </span>     <span class="Keyword">if</span> n <span class="Keyword">and</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> guard <span class="Keyword">then</span> slice.call(array, <span class="Number">0</span>, n) <span class="Keyword">else</span> array[<span class="Number">0</span>]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 228 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 229 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 230 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Returns everything but the first entry of the array. Aliased as &quot;tail&quot;.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 231 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Especially useful on the arguments object. Passing an &quot;index&quot; will return</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 232 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> the rest of the values in the array from that index onward. The &quot;guard&quot;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 233 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> check allows it to work with _.map.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 234 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.rest</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array, index, guard</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 235 </span>     slice.call(array, <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isUndefined(index) <span class="Keyword">or</span> guard <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> index)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 236 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 237 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 238 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Get the last element of an array.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 239 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.last</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> array[array.length <span class="Keyword">-</span> <span class="Number">1</span>]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 240 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 241 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 242 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Trim out all falsy values from an array.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 243 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.compact</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> array[i] <span class="Keyword">for</span> i <span class="Keyword">in</span> [<span class="Number">0</span>...array.length] <span class="Keyword">when</span> array[i]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 244 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 245 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 246 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return a completely flattened version of an array.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 247 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.flatten</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 248 </span>     _.reduce array, [], <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">memo, value</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 249 </span>       <span class="Keyword">return</span> memo.concat(_.flatten(value)) <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isArray(value)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 250 </span>       memo.push(value)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 251 </span>       memo
+<span class="line-numbers"> 252 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 253 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 254 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s).</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 255 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.without</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 256 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">values</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.rest(arguments)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 257 </span>     val <span class="Keyword">for</span> val <span class="Keyword">in</span> _.toArray(array) <span class="Keyword">when</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> _.include(values, val)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 258 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 259 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 260 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 261 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 262 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.uniq</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array, isSorted</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 263 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">memo</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> []
+<span class="line-numbers"> 264 </span>     <span class="Keyword">for</span> el, i <span class="Keyword">in</span> _.toArray(array)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 265 </span>       memo.push(el) <span class="Keyword">if</span> i <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="Number">0</span> <span class="Keyword">||</span> (<span class="Keyword">if</span> isSorted <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span> <span class="Keyword">then</span> _.last(memo) <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> el <span class="Keyword">else</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> _.include(memo, el))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 266 </span>     memo
+<span class="line-numbers"> 267 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 268 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 269 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Produce an array that contains every item shared between all the</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 270 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> passed-in arrays.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 271 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.intersect</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 272 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">rest</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.rest(arguments)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 273 </span>     _.select _.uniq(array), <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">item</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 274 </span>       _.all rest, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">other</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 275 </span>         _.indexOf(other, item) <span class="Keyword">&gt;=</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 276 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 277 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 278 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Zip together multiple lists into a single array -- elements that share</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 279 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> an index go together.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 280 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.zip</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 281 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">length</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>     _.max(_.pluck(arguments, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>length<span class="String">'</span></span>))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 282 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">results</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>    <span class="Keyword">new</span> <span class="TypeName">Array</span>(length)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 283 </span>     <span class="Keyword">for</span> i <span class="Keyword">in</span> [<span class="Number">0</span>...length]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 284 </span>       results[i]<span class="Keyword">:</span> _.pluck(arguments, String(i))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 285 </span>     results
+<span class="line-numbers"> 286 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 287 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 288 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> If the browser doesn't supply us with indexOf (I'm looking at you, MSIE),</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 289 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> we need this function. Return the position of the first occurence of an</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 290 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> item in an array, or -1 if the item is not included in the array.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 291 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.indexOf</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array, item</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 292 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> array.indexOf(item) <span class="Keyword">if</span> array.indexOf
+<span class="line-numbers"> 293 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">i</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Number">0</span>; <span class="FunctionName">l</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> array.length
+<span class="line-numbers"> 294 </span>     <span class="Keyword">while</span> l <span class="Keyword">-</span> i
+<span class="line-numbers"> 295 </span>       <span class="Keyword">if</span> array[i] <span class="Keyword">is</span> item <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> i <span class="Keyword">else</span> i<span class="Keyword">++</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 296 </span>     <span class="Keyword">-</span><span class="Number">1</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 297 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 298 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 299 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Provide JavaScript 1.6's lastIndexOf, delegating to the native function,</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 300 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> if possible.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 301 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.lastIndexOf</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array, item</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 302 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> array.lastIndexOf(item) <span class="Keyword">if</span> array.lastIndexOf
+<span class="line-numbers"> 303 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">i</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> array.length
+<span class="line-numbers"> 304 </span>     <span class="Keyword">while</span> i
+<span class="line-numbers"> 305 </span>       <span class="Keyword">if</span> array[i] <span class="Keyword">is</span> item <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> i <span class="Keyword">else</span> i<span class="Keyword">--</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 306 </span>     <span class="Keyword">-</span><span class="Number">1</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 307 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 308 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 309 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Generate an integer Array containing an arithmetic progression. A port of</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 310 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> the native Python range() function. See:</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 311 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 312 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.range</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">start, stop, step</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 313 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">a</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>        arguments
+<span class="line-numbers"> 314 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">solo</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>     a.length <span class="Keyword">&lt;=</span> <span class="Number">1</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 315 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">i</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionName">start</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> solo <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Number">0</span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> a[<span class="Number">0</span>];
+<span class="line-numbers"> 316 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">stop</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>     <span class="Keyword">if</span> solo <span class="Keyword">then</span> a[<span class="Number">0</span>] <span class="Keyword">else</span> a[<span class="Number">1</span>];
+<span class="line-numbers"> 317 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">step</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>     a[<span class="Number">2</span>] <span class="Keyword">or</span> <span class="Number">1</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 318 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">len</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>      Math.ceil((stop <span class="Keyword">-</span> start) <span class="Keyword">/</span> step)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 319 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> [] <span class="Keyword">if</span> len <span class="Keyword">&lt;=</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 320 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">range</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>    <span class="Keyword">new</span> <span class="TypeName">Array</span>(len)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 321 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">idx</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>      <span class="Number">0</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 322 </span>     <span class="Keyword">while</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 323 </span>       <span class="Keyword">return</span> range <span class="Keyword">if</span> (<span class="Keyword">if</span> step <span class="Keyword">&gt;</span> <span class="Number">0</span> <span class="Keyword">then</span> i <span class="Keyword">-</span> stop <span class="Keyword">else</span> stop <span class="Keyword">-</span> i) <span class="Keyword">&gt;=</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 324 </span>       range[idx]<span class="Keyword">:</span> i
+<span class="line-numbers"> 325 </span>       idx<span class="Keyword">++</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 326 </span>       i<span class="Keyword">+</span><span class="Keyword">=</span> step
+<span class="line-numbers"> 327 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 328 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 329 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> ----------------------- Function Functions: -----------------------------</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 330 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 331 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Create a function bound to a given object (assigning 'this', and arguments,</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 332 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> optionally). Binding with arguments is also known as 'curry'.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 333 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.bind</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">func, obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 334 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">args</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.rest(arguments, <span class="Number">2</span>)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 335 </span>     <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> func.apply(obj <span class="Keyword">or</span> root, args.concat(arguments))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 336 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 337 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 338 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Bind all of an object's methods to that object. Useful for ensuring that</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 339 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> all callbacks defined on an object belong to it.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 340 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.bindAll</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 341 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">funcs</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> arguments.length <span class="Keyword">&gt;</span> <span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">then</span> _.rest(arguments) <span class="Keyword">else</span> _.functions(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 342 </span>     _.each(funcs, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">f</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> obj[f]<span class="Keyword">:</span> _.bind(obj[f], obj))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 343 </span>     obj
+<span class="line-numbers"> 344 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 345 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 346 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 347 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> it with the arguments supplied.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 348 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.delay</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">func, wait</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 349 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">args</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.rest(arguments, <span class="Number">2</span>)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 350 </span>     setTimeout((<span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> func.apply(func, args)), wait)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 351 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 352 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 353 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 354 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> cleared.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 355 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.defer</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">func</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 356 </span>     _.delay.apply(_, [func, <span class="Number">1</span>].concat(_.rest(arguments)))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 357 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 358 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 359 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Returns the first function passed as an argument to the second,</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 360 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 361 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> conditionally execute the original function.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 362 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.wrap</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">func, wrapper</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 363 </span>     <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> wrapper.apply(wrapper, [func].concat(arguments))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 364 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 365 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 366 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 367 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> consuming the return value of the function that follows.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 368 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.compose</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 369 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">funcs</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> arguments
+<span class="line-numbers"> 370 </span>     <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 371 </span>       <span class="FunctionName">args</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> arguments
+<span class="line-numbers"> 372 </span>       <span class="Keyword">for</span> i <span class="Keyword">in</span> [(funcs.length <span class="Keyword">-</span> <span class="Number">1</span>)..<span class="Number">0</span>]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 373 </span>         <span class="FunctionName">args</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> [funcs[i].apply(<span class="Variable">this</span>, args)]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 374 </span>       args[<span class="Number">0</span>]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 375 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 376 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 377 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> ------------------------- Object Functions: ----------------------------</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 378 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 379 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Retrieve the names of an object's properties.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 380 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.keys</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 381 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> _.range(<span class="Number">0</span>, obj.length) <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isArray(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 382 </span>     key <span class="Keyword">for</span> key, val <span class="Keyword">of</span> obj
+<span class="line-numbers"> 383 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 384 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 385 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Retrieve the values of an object's properties.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 386 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.values</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 387 </span>     _.map(obj, _.identity)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 388 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 389 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 390 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return a sorted list of the function names available in Underscore.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 391 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.functions</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 392 </span>     _.select(_.keys(obj), <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">key</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> _.isFunction(obj[key])).sort()
+<span class="line-numbers"> 393 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 394 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 395 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Extend a given object with all of the properties in a source object.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 396 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.extend</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">destination, source</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 397 </span>     <span class="Keyword">for</span> key, val <span class="Keyword">of</span> source
+<span class="line-numbers"> 398 </span>       destination[key]<span class="Keyword">:</span> val
+<span class="line-numbers"> 399 </span>     destination
+<span class="line-numbers"> 400 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 401 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 402 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 403 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.clone</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 404 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.slice(<span class="Number">0</span>) <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isArray(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 405 </span>     _.extend({}, obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 406 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 407 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 408 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Invokes interceptor with the obj, and then returns obj.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 409 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> The primary purpose of this method is to &quot;tap into&quot; a method chain, in order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 410 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.tap</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, interceptor</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 411 </span>     interceptor(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 412 </span>     obj
+<span class="line-numbers"> 413 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 414 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 415 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 416 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.isEqual</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">a, b</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 417 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Check object identity.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 418 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> a <span class="Keyword">is</span> b
+<span class="line-numbers"> 419 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Different types?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 420 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">atype</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">typeof</span>(a); <span class="FunctionName">btype</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">typeof</span>(b)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 421 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> atype <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> btype
+<span class="line-numbers"> 422 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Basic equality test (watch out for coercions).</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 423 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">`</span>a == b<span class="String">`</span></span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 424 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> One is falsy and the other truthy.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 425 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> (<span class="Keyword">!</span>a <span class="Keyword">and</span> b) <span class="Keyword">or</span> (a <span class="Keyword">and</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span>b)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 426 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> One of them implements an isEqual()?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 427 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> a.isEqual(b) <span class="Keyword">if</span> a.isEqual
+<span class="line-numbers"> 428 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Check dates' integer values.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 429 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> a.getTime() <span class="Keyword">is</span> b.getTime() <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isDate(a) <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isDate(b)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 430 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Both are NaN?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 431 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isNaN(a) <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isNaN(b)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 432 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Compare regular expressions.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 433 </span>     <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isRegExp(a) <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isRegExp(b)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 434 </span>       <span class="Keyword">return</span> a.source     <span class="Keyword">is</span> b.source <span class="Keyword">and</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 435 </span>              a.global     <span class="Keyword">is</span> b.global <span class="Keyword">and</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 436 </span>              a.ignoreCase <span class="Keyword">is</span> b.ignoreCase <span class="Keyword">and</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 437 </span>              a.multiline  <span class="Keyword">is</span> b.multiline
+<span class="line-numbers"> 438 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> If a is not an object by this point, we can't handle it.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 439 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> atype <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>object<span class="String">'</span></span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 440 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Check for different array lengths before comparing contents.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 441 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> a.length <span class="Keyword">and</span> (a.length <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> b.length)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 442 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Nothing else worked, deep compare the contents.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 443 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">aKeys</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.keys(a); <span class="FunctionName">bKeys</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.keys(b)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 444 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Different object sizes?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 445 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> aKeys.length <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> bKeys.length
+<span class="line-numbers"> 446 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Recursive comparison of contents.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 447 </span>     <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> for (var key in a) if (!_.isEqual(a[key], b[key])) return false;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 448 </span>     <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 449 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 450 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 451 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given array or object empty?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 452 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.isEmpty</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>      <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> _.keys(obj).length <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 453 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 454 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 455 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given value a DOM element?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 456 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.isElement</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>    <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.nodeType <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="Number">1</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 457 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 458 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 459 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given value an array?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 460 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.isArray</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>      <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">!</span>(obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.concat <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.unshift)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 461 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 462 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 463 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given variable an arguments object?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 464 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.isArguments</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>  <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isNumber(obj.length) <span class="Keyword">and</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> obj.concat <span class="Keyword">and</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 465 </span>                            <span class="Keyword">not</span> obj.substr <span class="Keyword">and</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> obj.apply <span class="Keyword">and</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> propertyIsEnumerable.call(obj, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>length<span class="String">'</span></span>)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 466 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 467 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 468 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is the given value a function?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 469 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.isFunction</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>   <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">!</span>(obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.constructor <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.call <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.apply)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 470 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 471 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 472 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is the given value a string?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 473 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.isString</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>     <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">!</span>(obj <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span><span class="String">'</span></span> <span class="Keyword">or</span> (obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.charCodeAt <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.substr))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 474 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 475 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 476 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given value a number?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 477 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.isNumber</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>     <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> (obj <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="Keyword">+</span>obj) <span class="Keyword">or</span> toString.call(obj) <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>[object Number]<span class="String">'</span></span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 478 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 479 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 480 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given value a Date?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 481 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.isDate</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>       <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">!</span>(obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.getTimezoneOffset <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.setUTCFullYear)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 482 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 483 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 484 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is the given value a regular expression?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 485 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.isRegExp</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>     <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">!</span>(obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.exec <span class="Keyword">and</span> (obj.ignoreCase <span class="Keyword">or</span> obj.ignoreCase <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span>))
+<span class="line-numbers"> 486 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 487 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 488 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is the given value NaN -- this one is interesting. NaN != NaN, and</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 489 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> isNaN(undefined) == true, so we make sure it's a number first.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 490 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.isNaN</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>        <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> _.isNumber(obj) <span class="Keyword">and</span> window.isNaN(obj)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 491 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 492 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 493 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given value equal to null?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 494 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.isNull</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>       <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> obj <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">null</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 495 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 496 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 497 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given variable undefined?</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 498 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.isUndefined</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>  <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">typeof</span> obj <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>undefined<span class="String">'</span></span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 499 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 500 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 501 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> -------------------------- Utility Functions: --------------------------</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 502 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 503 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Run Underscore.js in noConflict mode, returning the '_' variable to its</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 504 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> previous owner. Returns a reference to the Underscore object.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 505 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.noConflict</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 506 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">root._</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> previousUnderscore
+<span class="line-numbers"> 507 </span>     <span class="Variable">this</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 508 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 509 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 510 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Keep the identity function around for default iterators.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 511 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.identity</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> value
+<span class="line-numbers"> 512 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 513 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 514 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Break out of the middle of an iteration.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 515 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.breakLoop</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">throw</span> breaker
+<span class="line-numbers"> 516 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 517 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 518 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session).</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 519 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Useful for temporary DOM ids.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 520 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">idCounter</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 521 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.uniqueId</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">prefix</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 522 </span>     (prefix <span class="Keyword">or</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span><span class="String">'</span></span>) <span class="Keyword">+</span> idCounter<span class="Keyword">++</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 523 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 524 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 525 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> By default, Underscore uses ERB-style template delimiters, change the</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 526 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> following template settings to use alternative delimiters.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 527 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.templateSettings</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> {
+<span class="line-numbers"> 528 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">start</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>        <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>&lt;%<span class="String">'</span></span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 529 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">end</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>          <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>%&gt;<span class="String">'</span></span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 530 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">interpolate</span><span class="Keyword">:</span><span class="String">  <span class="String">/</span>&lt;%=(.+?)%&gt;<span class="String">/</span>g</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 531 </span>   }
+<span class="line-numbers"> 532 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 533 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 534 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> JavaScript templating a-la ERB, pilfered from John Resig's</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 535 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> &quot;Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja&quot;, page 83.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 536 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Single-quotea fix from Rick Strahl's version.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 537 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.template</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">str, data</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 538 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">c</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.templateSettings
+<span class="line-numbers"> 539 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">fn</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">new</span> <span class="TypeName">Function</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>obj<span class="String">'</span></span>,
+<span class="line-numbers"> 540 </span>       <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>var p=[],print=function(){p.push.apply(p,arguments);};<span class="String">'</span></span> <span class="Keyword">+</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 541 </span>       <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>with(obj){p.push(<span class="UserDefinedConstant">\'</span><span class="String">'</span></span> <span class="Keyword">+</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 542 </span>       str.replace(<span class="String"><span class="String">/</span>[<span class="UserDefinedConstant">\r</span><span class="UserDefinedConstant">\t</span><span class="UserDefinedConstant">\n</span>]<span class="String">/</span>g</span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span> <span class="String">&quot;</span></span>)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 543 </span>          .replace(<span class="Keyword">new</span> <span class="TypeName">RegExp</span>(<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>'(?=[^<span class="String">&quot;</span></span><span class="Keyword">+</span>c.end[<span class="Number">0</span>]<span class="Keyword">+</span><span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>]*<span class="String">&quot;</span></span><span class="Keyword">+</span>c.end<span class="Keyword">+</span><span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>)<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>,<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>g<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>),<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span><span class="UserDefinedConstant">\t</span><span class="String">&quot;</span></span>)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 544 </span>          .split(<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>'<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>).join(<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span><span class="UserDefinedConstant">\\</span>'<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 545 </span>          .split(<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span><span class="UserDefinedConstant">\t</span><span class="String">&quot;</span></span>).join(<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>'<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 546 </span>          .replace(c.interpolate, <span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>',$1,'<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 547 </span>          .split(c.start).join(<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>');<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 548 </span>          .split(c.end).join(<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>p.push('<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>) <span class="Keyword">+</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 549 </span>          <span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>');}return p.join('');<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 550 </span>     <span class="Keyword">if</span> data <span class="Keyword">then</span> fn(data) <span class="Keyword">else</span> fn
+<span class="line-numbers"> 551 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 552 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 553 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> ------------------------------- Aliases ----------------------------------</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 554 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 555 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.forEach</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.each
+<span class="line-numbers"> 556 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.foldl</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.inject</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>      _.reduce
+<span class="line-numbers"> 557 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.foldr</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>   _.reduceRight
+<span class="line-numbers"> 558 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.filter</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>  _.select
+<span class="line-numbers"> 559 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.every</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>   _.all
+<span class="line-numbers"> 560 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.some</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>    _.any
+<span class="line-numbers"> 561 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.head</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>    _.first
+<span class="line-numbers"> 562 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.tail</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>    _.rest
+<span class="line-numbers"> 563 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">_.methods</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.functions
+<span class="line-numbers"> 564 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 565 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 566 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span>   /*------------------------ Setup the OOP Wrapper: --------------------------*/</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 567 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 568 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Helper function to continue chaining intermediate results.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 569 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, chain</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 570 </span>     <span class="Keyword">if</span> chain <span class="Keyword">then</span> _(obj).chain() <span class="Keyword">else</span> obj
+<span class="line-numbers"> 571 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 572 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 573 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Add all of the Underscore functions to the wrapper object.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 574 </span>   _.each _.functions(_), <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">name</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 575 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">method</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _[name]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 576 </span>     wrapper.prototype[name]<span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 577 </span>       unshift.call(arguments, <span class="Variable">this</span>._wrapped)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 578 </span>       result(method.apply(_, arguments), <span class="Variable">this</span>._chain)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 579 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 580 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 581 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Add all mutator Array functions to the wrapper.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 582 </span>   _.each [<span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>pop<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>push<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>reverse<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>shift<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>sort<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>splice<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>unshift<span class="String">'</span></span>], <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">name</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 583 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">method</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> Array.prototype[name]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 584 </span>     wrapper.prototype[name]<span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 585 </span>       method.apply(<span class="Variable">this</span>._wrapped, arguments)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 586 </span>       result(<span class="Variable">this</span>._wrapped, <span class="Variable">this</span>._chain)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 587 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 588 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 589 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Add all accessor Array functions to the wrapper.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 590 </span>   _.each [<span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>concat<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>join<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>slice<span class="String">'</span></span>], <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">name</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 591 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">method</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> Array.prototype[name]
+<span class="line-numbers"> 592 </span>     wrapper.prototype[name]<span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 593 </span>       result(method.apply(<span class="Variable">this</span>._wrapped, arguments), <span class="Variable">this</span>._chain)
+<span class="line-numbers"> 594 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 595 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 596 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Start chaining a wrapped Underscore object.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 597 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">wrapper::chain</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 598 </span>     <span class="FunctionName">this._chain</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 599 </span>     <span class="Variable">this</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 600 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 601 </span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 602 </span>   <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object.</span>
+<span class="line-numbers"> 603 </span>   <span class="FunctionName">wrapper::value</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Variable">this</span>._wrapped
+</pre>  <p>
+    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer">
+      <img style="border:0"
+           src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml10"
+           alt="Valid XHTML 1.0 Strict" height="31" width="88" />
+    </a>
+    <a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/check?uri=referer">
+      <img style="border:0;width:88px;height:31px"
+           src="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/images/vcss"
+           alt="Valid CSS!" />
+    </a>
+  </p>
+</body>
+</html>

examples/beautiful_code/binary_search.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Beautiful Code, Chapter 6.
+# The implementation of binary search that is tested.
+
+# Return the index of an element in a sorted list. (or -1, if not present)
+index: (list, target) ->
+  [low, high]: [0, list.length]
+  while low < high
+    mid: (low + high) >> 1
+    val: list[mid]
+    return mid if val is target
+    if val < target then low: mid + 1 else high: mid
+  return -1
+
+puts 2 is index([10, 20, 30, 40, 50], 30)
+puts 4 is index([-97, 35, 67, 88, 1200], 1200)
+puts 0 is index([0, 45, 70], 0)

examples/beautiful_code/quicksort_runtime.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Beautiful Code, Chapter 3.
+# Produces the expected runtime of Quicksort, for every integer from 1 to N.
+
+runtime: (N) ->
+  [sum, t]: [0, 0]
+  for n in [1..N]
+    sum += 2 * t
+    t: n - 1 + sum / n
+  t
+
+puts runtime(3) is 2.6666666666666665
+puts runtime(5) is 7.4
+puts runtime(8) is 16.92142857142857

examples/beautiful_code/regular_expression_matcher.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Beautiful Code, Chapter 1.
+# Implements a regular expression matcher that supports character matches,
+# '.', '^', '$', and '*'.
+
+# Search for the regexp anywhere in the text.
+match: (regexp, text) ->
+  return match_here(regexp.slice(1), text) if regexp[0] is '^'
+  while text
+    return true if match_here(regexp, text)
+    text: text.slice(1)
+  false
+
+# Search for the regexp at the beginning of the text.
+match_here: (regexp, text) ->
+  [cur, next]: [regexp[0], regexp[1]]
+  if regexp.length is 0 then return true
+  if next is '*' then return match_star(cur, regexp.slice(2), text)
+  if cur is '$' and not next then return text.length is 0
+  if text and (cur is '.' or cur is text[0]) then return match_here(regexp.slice(1), text.slice(1))
+  false
+
+# Search for a kleene star match at the beginning of the text.
+match_star: (c, regexp, text) ->
+  while true
+    return true if match_here(regexp, text)
+    return false unless text and (text[0] is c or c is '.')
+    text: text.slice(1)
+
+puts match("ex", "some text")
+puts match("s..t", "spit")
+puts match("^..t", "buttercup")
+puts match("i..$", "cherries")
+puts match("o*m", "vrooooommm!")
+puts match("^hel*o$", "hellllllo")

examples/blocks.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# After wycats' http://yehudakatz.com/2010/02/07/the-building-blocks-of-ruby/
+
+# Sinatra.
+get '/hello', ->
+  'Hello World'
+
+
+# Append.
+append: (location, data) ->
+  path: new Pathname location
+  throw "Location does not exist" unless path.exists()
+
+  File.open path, 'a', (file) ->
+    file.puts YAML.dump data
+
+  data
+
+
+# Rubinius' File.open implementation.
+File.open: (path, mode, block) ->
+  io: new File path, mode
+
+  return io unless block
+
+  try
+    block io
+  finally
+    try
+      io.close() unless io.closed()
+    catch error
+      # nothing, just swallow them.
+
+
+# Write.
+write: (location, data) ->
+  path = new Pathname location
+  raise "Location does not exist" unless path.exists()
+
+  File.open path, 'w', (file) ->
+    return false if Digest.MD5.hexdigest(file.read()) is data.hash()
+    file.puts YAML.dump data
+    true
+
+
+# Rails' respond_to.
+index: ->
+  people: Person.find 'all'
+
+  respond_to (format) ->
+    format.html()
+    format.xml -> render { xml: people.xml() }
+
+
+# Synchronization.
+synchronize: (block) ->
+  lock()
+  try block() finally unlock()

examples/code.coffee

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 # Functions:
-square: x => x * x.
+square: (x) -> x * x
 
-sum: x, y => x + y.
+sum: (x, y) -> x + y
 
-odd: x => x % 2 is 0.
+odd: (x) -> x % 2 isnt 0
 
-even: x => x % 2 isnt 0.
+even: (x) -> x % 2 is 0
 
-run_loop: =>
-  fire_events( e => e.stopPropagation(). )
+run_loop: ->
+  fire_events((e) -> e.stopPropagation())
   listen()
-  wait().
+  wait()
 
 # Objects:
 dense_object_literal: {one: 1, two: 2, three: 3}
@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@ spaced_out_multiline_object: {
   three: new Idea()
 
   inner_obj: {
-    freedom: => _.freedom().
+    freedom: -> _.freedom()
   }
 }
 
 # Arrays:
-stooges : [{moe: 45}, {curly: 43}, {larry: 46}]
+stooges: [{moe: 45}, {curly: 43}, {larry: 46}]
 
-exponents : [x => x., x => x * x., x => x * x * x.]
+exponents: [(x) -> x, (x) -> x * x, (x) -> x * x * x]
 
 empty: []
 
@@ -45,21 +45,21 @@ if submarine.shields_up
 else if submarine.sinking
   abandon_ship()
 else
-  run_away().
+  run_away()
 
-eldest: if 25 > 21 then liz else marge.
+eldest: if 25 > 21 then liz else marge
 
 decoration: medal_of_honor if war_hero
 
 go_to_sleep() unless coffee
 
 # Returning early:
-race: =>
+race: ->
   run()
   walk()
   crawl()
-  if tired then return sleep().
-  race().
+  if tired then return sleep()
+  race()
 
 # Conditional assignment:
 good ||= evil
@@ -81,58 +81,58 @@ try
   dogs_and_cats_living_together()
   throw "up"
 catch error
-  print( error )
+  print(error)
 finally
-  clean_up().
+  clean_up()
 
-try all_hell_breaks_loose() catch error print(error) finally clean_up().
+try all_hell_breaks_loose() catch error then print(error) finally clean_up()
 
 # While loops, break and continue.
 while demand > supply
   sell()
-  restock().
+  restock()
 
-while supply > demand then buy().
+while supply > demand then buy()
 
 while true
   break if broken
-  continue if continuing.
+  continue if continuing
 
 # Unary operators.
 !!true
 
 # Lexical scoping.
-a: 5
-change_a_and_set_b: =>
-  a: 10
-  b: 15.
-b: 20
+v_1: 5
+change_a_and_set_b: ->
+  v_1: 10
+  v_2: 15
+v_2: 20
 
 # Array comprehensions.
-supper: food.capitalize() for food in ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine'].
+supper: food.capitalize() for food in ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine']
 
-drink(bottle) for bottle, i in ['soda', 'wine', 'lemonade'] if even(i).
+drink(bottle) for bottle, i in ['soda', 'wine', 'lemonade'] when even(i)
 
 # Switch statements ("else" serves as a default).
 activity: switch day
-when "Tuesday"   then eat_breakfast()
-when "Sunday"    then go_to_church()
-when "Saturday"  then go_to_the_park()
-when "Wednesday"
-  if day is bingo_day
-    go_to_bingo()
-  else
-    eat_breakfast()
-    go_to_work()
-    eat_dinner().
-else go_to_work().
+  when "Tuesday"   then eat_breakfast()
+  when "Sunday"    then go_to_church()
+  when "Saturday"  then go_to_the_park()
+  when "Wednesday"
+    if day is bingo_day
+      go_to_bingo()
+    else
+      eat_breakfast()
+      go_to_work()
+      eat_dinner()
+  else go_to_work()
 
 # Semicolons can optionally be used instead of newlines.
-wednesday: => eat_breakfast(); go_to_work(); eat_dinner(); .
+wednesday: -> eat_breakfast(); go_to_work(); eat_dinner()
 
 # Array slice literals.
 zero_to_nine: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
-three_to_six: zero_to_nine[3, 6]
+three_to_six: zero_to_nine[3..6]
 
 # Multiline strings with inner quotes.
 story: "Lorem ipsum dolor \"sit\" amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit,
@@ -140,21 +140,21 @@ sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna
 aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad."
 
 # Inheritance and calling super.
-Animal: => .
-Animal.prototype.move: meters =>
-  alert(this.name + " moved " + meters + "m.").
+Animal: ->
+Animal::move: (meters) ->
+  alert(this.name + " moved " + meters + "m.")
 
-Snake: name => this.name: name.
+Snake: (name) -> this.name: name
 Snake extends Animal
-Snake.prototype.move: =>
+Snake::move: ->
   alert('Slithering...')
-  super(5).
+  super(5)
 
-Horse: name => this.name: name.
+Horse: (name) -> this.name: name
 Horse extends Animal
-Horse.prototype.move: =>
+Horse::move: ->
   alert('Galloping...')
-  super(45).
+  super(45)
 
 sam: new Snake("Sammy the Snake")
 tom: new Horse("Tommy the Horse")

examples/computer_science/README

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Ported from Nicholas Zakas' collection of computer science fundamentals, written
+in JavaScript. Originals available here:
+
+http://github.com/nzakas/computer-science-in-javascript

examples/computer_science/binary_search.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Uses a binary search algorithm to locate a value in the specified array.
+binary_search: (items, value) ->
+
+  start: 0
+  stop:  items.length - 1
+  pivot: Math.floor((start + stop) / 2)
+
+  while items[pivot] isnt value and start < stop
+
+    # Adjust the search area.
+    stop:   pivot - 1 if value < items[pivot]
+    start:  pivot + 1 if value > items[pivot]
+
+    # Recalculate the pivot.
+    pivot: Math.floor((stop + start) / 2)
+
+  # Make sure we've found the correct value.
+  if items[pivot] is value then pivot else -1
+
+
+# Test the function.
+puts(2 is binary_search([10, 20, 30, 40, 50], 30))
+puts(4 is binary_search([-97, 35, 67, 88, 1200], 1200))
+puts(0 is binary_search([0, 45, 70], 0))
+puts(-1 is binary_search([0, 45, 70], 10))

examples/computer_science/bubble_sort.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# A bubble sort implementation, sorting the given array in-place.
+bubble_sort: (list) ->
+  for i in [0...list.length]
+    for j in [0...list.length - i]
+      [list[j], list[j+1]]: [list[j+1], list[j]] if list[j] > list[j+1]
+  list
+
+
+# Test the function.
+puts(bubble_sort([3, 2, 1]).join(' ') is '1 2 3')
+puts(bubble_sort([9, 2, 7, 0, 1]).join(' ') is '0 1 2 7 9')

examples/computer_science/linked_list.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# "Classic" linked list implementation that doesn't keep track of its size.
+LinkedList: ->
+  this._head: null # Pointer to the first item in the list.
+
+
+# Appends some data to the end of the list. This method traverses the existing
+# list and places the value at the end in a new node.
+LinkedList::add: (data) ->
+
+  # Create a new node object to wrap the data.
+  node: {data: data, next: null}
+
+  current: this._head ||= node
+
+  if this._head isnt node
+    current: current.next while current.next
+    current.next: node
+
+  this
+
+
+# Retrieves the data at the given position in the list.
+LinkedList::item: (index) ->
+
+  # Check for out-of-bounds values.
+  return null if index < 0
+
+  current: this._head or null
+  i: -1
+
+  # Advance through the list.
+  current: current.next while current and index > (i += 1)
+
+  # Return null if we've reached the end.
+  current and current.data
+
+
+# Remove the item from the given location in the list.
+LinkedList::remove: (index) ->
+
+  # Check for out-of-bounds values.
+  return null if index < 0
+
+  current: this._head or null
+  i: -1
+
+  # Special case: removing the first item.
+  if index is 0
+    this._head: current.next
+  else
+
+    # Find the right location.
+    [previous, current]: [current, current.next] while index > (i += 1)
+
+    # Skip over the item to remove.
+    previous.next: current.next
+
+  # Return the value.
+  current and current.data
+
+
+# Calculate the number of items in the list.
+LinkedList::size: ->
+  current: this._head
+  count:   0
+
+  while current
+    count += 1
+    current: current.next
+
+  count
+
+
+# Convert the list into an array.
+LinkedList::toArray: ->
+  result:   []
+  current:  this._head
+
+  while current
+    result.push(current.data)
+    current: current.next
+
+  result
+
+
+# The string representation of the linked list.
+LinkedList::toString: -> this.toArray().toString()
+
+
+# Tests.
+list: new LinkedList()
+
+list.add("Hi")
+puts(list.size()  is 1)
+puts(list.item(0) is "Hi")
+puts(list.item(1) is null)
+
+list: new LinkedList()
+list.add("zero").add("one").add("two")
+puts(list.size()     is 3)
+puts(list.item(2)    is "two")
+puts(list.remove(1)  is "one")
+puts(list.item(0)    is "zero")
+puts(list.item(1)    is "two")
+puts(list.size()     is 2)
+puts(list.item(-10)  is null)

examples/computer_science/luhn_algorithm.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Use the Luhn algorithm to validate a numeric identifier, such as credit card
+# numbers, national insurance numbers, etc.
+# See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm
+
+is_valid_identifier: (identifier) ->
+
+  sum: 0
+  alt: false
+
+  for i in [(identifier.length - 1)..0]
+
+    # Get the next digit.
+    num: parseInt(identifier.charAt(i), 10)
+
+    # If it's not a valid number, abort.
+    return false if isNaN(num)
+
+    # If it's an alternate number...
+    if alt
+      num *= 2
+      num: (num % 10) + 1 if num > 9
+
+    # Flip the alternate bit.
+    alt: !alt
+
+    # Add to the rest of the sum.
+    sum += num
+
+  # Determine if it's valid.
+  sum % 10 is 0
+
+
+# Tests.
+puts(is_valid_identifier("49927398716")      is true)
+puts(is_valid_identifier("4408041234567893") is true)
+puts(is_valid_identifier("4408041234567890") is false)

examples/computer_science/merge_sort.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Sorts an array in ascending natural order using merge sort.
+merge_sort: (list) ->
+
+  return list if list.length is 1
+
+  result: []
+  pivot: Math.floor(list.length / 2)
+  left:  merge_sort(list.slice(0, pivot))
+  right: merge_sort(list.slice(pivot))
+
+  while left.length and right.length
+    result.push(if left[0] < right[0] then left.shift() else right.shift())
+
+  result.concat(left).concat(right)
+
+
+# Test the function.
+puts(merge_sort([3, 2, 1]).join(' ') is '1 2 3')
+puts(merge_sort([9, 2, 7, 0, 1]).join(' ') is '0 1 2 7 9')

examples/computer_science/selection_sort.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# An in-place selection sort.
+selection_sort: (list) ->
+  len: list.length
+
+  # For each item in the list.
+  for i in [0...len]
+
+    # Set the minimum to this position.
+    min: i
+
+    # Check the rest of the array to see if anything is smaller.
+    (min: j if list[j] < list[min]) for j in [(i+1)...len]
+
+    # Swap if a smaller item has been found.
+    [list[i], list[min]]: [list[min], list[i]] if i isnt min
+
+  # The list is now sorted.
+  list
+
+
+# Test the function.
+puts(selection_sort([3, 2, 1]).join(' ') is '1 2 3')
+puts(selection_sort([9, 2, 7, 0, 1]).join(' ') is '0 1 2 7 9')

examples/documents.coffee

@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-# Document Model
-dc.model.Document: dc.Model.extend({
-
-  constructor: attributes => this.base(attributes).
-
-  # For display, show either the highlighted search results, or the summary,
-  # if no highlights are available.
-  # The import process will take care of this in the future, but the inline
-  # version of the summary has all runs of whitespace squeezed out.
-  displaySummary: =>
-    text: this.get('highlight') or this.get('summary') or ''
-    text and text.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').
-
-  # Return a list of the document's metadata. Think about caching this on the
-  # document by binding to Metadata, instead of on-the-fly.
-  metadata: =>
-    docId: this.id
-    _.select(Metadata.models()
-      meta => _.any(meta.get('instances')
-        instance => instance.document_id is docId.).).
-
-  bookmark: pageNumber =>
-    bookmark: new dc.model.Bookmark({title: this.get('title'), page_number: pageNumber, document_id: this.id})
-    Bookmarks.create(bookmark).
-
-  # Inspect.
-  toString: => 'Document ' + this.id + ' "' + this.get('title') + '"'.
-
-})
-
-# Document Set
-dc.model.DocumentSet: dc.model.RESTfulSet.extend({
-
-  resource: 'documents'
-
-  SELECTION_CHANGED: 'documents:selection_changed'
-
-  constructor: options =>
-    this.base(options)
-    _.bindAll(this, 'downloadSelectedViewers', 'downloadSelectedPDF', 'downloadSelectedFullText').
-
-  selected: => _.select(this.models(), m => m.get('selected').).
-
-  selectedIds: => _.pluck(this.selected(), 'id').
-
-  countSelected: => this.selected().length.
-
-  downloadSelectedViewers: =>
-    dc.app.download('/download/' + this.selectedIds().join('/') + '/document_viewer.zip').
-
-  downloadSelectedPDF: =>
-    if this.countSelected() <= 1 then return window.open(this.selected()[0].get('pdf_url')).
-    dc.app.download('/download/' + this.selectedIds().join('/') + '/document_pdfs.zip').
-
-  downloadSelectedFullText: =>
-    if this.countSelected() <= 1 then return window.open(this.selected()[0].get('full_text_url')).
-    dc.app.download('/download/' + this.selectedIds().join('/') + '/document_text.zip').
-
-  # We override "_onModelEvent" to fire selection changed events when documents
-  # change their selected state.
-  _onModelEvent: e, model =>
-    this.base(e, model)
-    fire: e == dc.Model.CHANGED and model.hasChanged('selected')
-    if fire then _.defer(_(this.fire).bind(this, this.SELECTION_CHANGED, this))..
-
-})
-
-# The main set of Documents, used by the search tab.
-window.Documents: new dc.model.DocumentSet()
-
-# The set of documents that is used to look at a particular label.
-dc.app.LabeledDocuments: new dc.model.DocumentSet()

examples/poignant.coffee

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 # ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine'].each { |food| print food.capitalize }
 
-['toast', 'wine', 'cheese'].each( food => print(food.capitalize()). )
+['toast', 'wine', 'cheese'].each (food) -> print(food.capitalize())
 
 
 
@@ -14,10 +14,43 @@
 # end
 
 LotteryTicket: {
-  get_picks:    => this.picks.
-  set_picks:    nums => this.picks: nums.
-  get_purchase: => this.purchase.
-  set_purchase: amount => this.purchase: amount.
+  get_picks:          -> this.picks
+  set_picks:      (nums) -> this.picks: nums
+  get_purchase:       -> this.purchase
+  set_purchase: (amount) -> this.purchase: amount
+}
+
+
+
+# class << LotteryDraw
+#   def play
+#     result = LotteryTicket.new_random
+#     winners = {}
+#     @@tickets.each do |buyer, ticket_list|
+#       ticket_list.each do |ticket|
+#         score = ticket.score( result )
+#         next if score.zero?
+#         winners[buyer] ||= []
+#         winners[buyer] << [ ticket, score ]
+#       end
+#     end
+#     @@tickets.clear
+#     winners
+#   end
+# end
+
+LotteryDraw: {
+  play: ->
+    result:   LotteryTicket.new_random()
+    winners:  {}
+    this.tickets.each (buyer, ticket_list) ->
+      ticket_list.each (ticket) ->
+        score: ticket.score(result)
+        return if score is 0
+        winners[buyer] ||= []
+        winners[buyer].push([ticket, score])
+    this.tickets: {}
+    winners
 }
 
 
@@ -32,9 +65,9 @@ LotteryTicket: {
 # end
 
 WishScanner: {
-  scan_for_a_wish: =>
-    wish: this.read().detect( thought => thought.index('wish: ') is 0. )
-    wish.replace('wish: ', '').
+  scan_for_a_wish: ->
+    wish: this.read().detect((thought) -> thought.index('wish: ') is 0)
+    wish.replace('wish: ', '')
 }
 
 
@@ -78,29 +111,29 @@ WishScanner: {
 Creature : {
 
   # This method applies a hit taken during a fight.
-  hit: damage =>
-    p_up: Math.rand( this.charisma )
+  hit: (damage) ->
+    p_up: Math.rand(this.charisma)
     if p_up % 9 is 7
       this.life += p_up / 4
-      puts( "[" + this.name + " magick powers up " + p_up + "!]" ).
+      puts("[" + this.name + " magick powers up " + p_up + "!]")
     this.life -= damage
-    if this.life <= 0 then puts( "[" + this.name + " has died.]" )..
+    if this.life <= 0 then puts("[" + this.name + " has died.]")
 
   # This method takes one turn in a fight.
-  fight: enemy, weapon =>
-    if this.life <= 0 then return puts( "[" + this.name + "is too dead to fight!]" ).
+  fight: (enemy, weapon) ->
+    if this.life <= 0 then return puts("[" + this.name + "is too dead to fight!]")
 
     # Attack the opponent.
-    your_hit: Math.rand( this.strength + weapon )
-    puts( "[You hit with " + your_hit + "points of damage!]" )
-    enemy.hit( your_hit )
+    your_hit: Math.rand(this.strength + weapon)
+    puts("[You hit with " + your_hit + "points of damage!]")
+    enemy.hit(your_hit)
 
     # Retaliation.
-    puts( enemy )
+    puts(enemy)
     if enemy.life > 0
-      enemy_hit: Math.rand( enemy.strength + enemy.weapon )
-      puts( "[Your enemy hit with " + enemy_hit + "points of damage!]" )
-      this.hit( enemy_hit )..
+      enemy_hit: Math.rand(enemy.strength + enemy.weapon)
+      puts("[Your enemy hit with " + enemy_hit + "points of damage!]")
+      this.hit(enemy_hit)
 
 }
 
@@ -123,12 +156,12 @@ Creature : {
 # Get evil idea and swap in code words
 print("Enter your new idea: ")
 idea: gets()
-code_words.each( real, code => idea.replace(real, code). )
+code_words.each((real, code) -> idea.replace(real, code))
 
 # Save the jibberish to a new file
 print("File encoded. Please enter a name for this idea: ")
 idea_name: gets().strip()
-File.open("idea-" + idea_name + '.txt', 'w', file => file.write(idea). )
+File.open("idea-" + idea_name + '.txt', 'w', (file) -> file.write(idea))
 
 
 
@@ -144,10 +177,10 @@ File.open("idea-" + idea_name + '.txt', 'w', file => file.write(idea). )
 #   end
 # end
 
-wipe_mutterings_from: sentence =>
+wipe_mutterings_from: (sentence) ->
   throw new Error("cannot wipe mutterings") unless sentence.indexOf
   while sentence.indexOf('(') >= 0
     open:     sentence.indexOf('(') - 1
     close:    sentence.indexOf(')') + 1
-    sentence: sentence[0, open] + sentence[close, sentence.length].
-    sentence.
+    sentence: sentence[0..open] + sentence[close..sentence.length]
+    sentence

examples/potion.coffee

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+# Examples from _why's Potion, the Readme and "Potion: A Short Pamphlet".
+
+# 5 times: "Odelay!" print.
+
+print("Odelay!") for i in [1..5]
+
+
+# add = (x, y): x + y.
+# add(2, 4) string print
+
+add: (x, y) -> x + y
+print(add(2, 4))
+
+
+# loop: 'quaff' print.
+
+while true
+  print('quaff')
+
+
+# ('cheese', 'bread', 'mayo') at (1) print
+
+print(['cheese', 'bread', 'mayo'][1])
+
+
+# (language='Potion', pointless=true) at (key='language') print
+
+print({language: 'Potion', pointless: true}['language'])
+
+
+# minus = (x, y): x - y.
+# minus (y=10, x=6)
+
+minus: (x, y) -> x - y
+minus(6, 10)
+
+
+# foods = ('cheese', 'bread', 'mayo')
+# foods (2)
+
+foods: ['cheese', 'bread', 'mayo']
+foods[2]
+
+
+# (dog='canine', cat='feline', fox='vulpine') each (key, val):
+#   (key, ' is a ', val) join print.
+
+for key, val of {dog: 'canine', cat: 'feline', fox: 'vulpine'}
+  print(key + ' is a ' + val)
+
+
+# Person = class: /name, /age, /sex.
+# Person print = ():
+#   ('My name is ', /name, '.') join print.
+
+Person: ->
+Person::print: ->
+  print('My name is ' + this.name + '.')
+
+
+# p = Person ()
+# p /name string print
+
+p: new Person()
+print(p.name)
+
+
+# Policeman = Person class (rank): /rank = rank.
+# Policeman print = ():
+#   ('My name is ', /name, ' and I'm a ', /rank, '.') join print.
+#
+# Policeman ('Constable') print
+
+Policeman: (rank) -> this.rank: rank
+Policeman extends Person
+Policeman::print: ->
+  print('My name is ' + this.name + " and I'm a " + this.rank + '.')
+
+print(new Policeman('Constable'))
+
+
+# app = [window (width=200, height=400)
+#         [para 'Welcome.', button 'OK']]
+# app first name
+
+app = {
+  window:  {width: 200, height: 200}
+  para:    'Welcome.'
+  button:  'OK'
+}
+app.window
+
+
+# x = 1
+# y = 2
+#
+# x = 1, y = 2
+
+x: 1
+y: 2
+
+x: 1; y: 2
+
+
+# table = (language='Potion'
+#           pointless=true)
+
+table: {
+  language: 'Potion'
+  pointless: yes
+}
+
+
+# # this foul business...
+# String length = (): 10.
+
+# this foul business...
+String::length: -> 10
+
+
+# block = :
+#   'potion' print.
+
+block: ->
+  print('potion')
+
+
+# if (age > 100): 'ancient'.
+
+if age > 100 then 'ancient'
+
+
+# author =
+#   if (title == 'Jonathan Strange & Mr. Norrell'):
+#     'Susanna Clarke'.
+#   elsif (title == 'The Star Diaries'):
+#     'Stanislaw Lem'.
+#   elsif (title == 'The Slynx'):
+#     'Tatyana Tolstaya'.
+#   else:
+#     '... probably Philip K. Dick'.
+
+switch author
+  when 'Jonathan Strange & Mr. Norrell'
+    'Susanna Clarke'
+  when 'The Star Diaries'
+    'Stanislaw Lem'
+  when 'The Slynx'
+    'Tatyana Tolstaya'
+  else
+    '... probably Philip K. Dick'
+
+
+# count = 8
+# while (count > 0):
+#   'quaff' print
+#   count--.
+
+count: 8
+while count > 0
+  print('quaff')
+  count--
+
+
+# 1 to 5 (a):
+#   a string print.
+
+print(a) for a in [1..5]
+
+
+# if (3 ?gender):
+#   "Huh? Numbers are sexed? That's amazing." print.
+
+if (3).gender?
+  print("Huh? Numbers are sexed? That's amazing.")
+
+
+# HomePage get = (url):
+#   session = url query ? at ('session').
+
+HomePage::get: (url) ->
+  session: url.query.session if url.query?
+
+
+# BTree = class: /left, /right.
+# b = BTree ()
+# b /left = BTree ()
+# b /right = BTree ()
+
+BTree:    ->
+b:        new BTree()
+b.left:   new BTree()
+b.right:  new BTree()
+
+
+# BTree = class: /left, /right.
+# b = BTree ()
+#
+# if (b ? /left):
+#   'left path found!' print.
+
+BTree: ->
+b: new BTree()
+
+print('left path found!') if b.left?

examples/syntax_errors.coffee

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-# Identifiers run together:
-# a b c
-
-# Trailing comma in array:
-# array: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5,]
-
-# Unterminated object literal:
-# obj: { one: 1, two: 2
-
-# Numbers run together:
-# 101 202
-
-# Strings run together:
-# str: "broken" "words"
-
-# Forgot to terminate a function:
-# obj: {
-#   first: a => a[0].
-#   last: a => a[a.length-1]
-# }

extras/CoffeeScript.tmbundle/Syntaxes/CoffeeScript.tmLanguage

@@ -10,57 +10,40 @@
 	</array>
 	<key>name</key>
 	<string>CoffeeScript</string>
+	<key>foldingStartMarker</key>
+	<string>^.*[:=] \{[^\}]*$</string>
+	<key>foldingStopMarker</key>
+	<string>\s*\}</string>
 	<key>patterns</key>
 	<array>
 		<dict>
 			<key>captures</key>
 			<dict>
-				<key>1</key>
+			  <key>1</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
-					<string>entity.name.function.coffee</string>
+					<string>variable.parameter.function.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 				<key>2</key>
-				<dict>
-					<key>name</key>
-					<string>keyword.operator.coffee</string>
-				</dict>
-				<key>3</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
 					<string>variable.parameter.function.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 				<key>4</key>
-				<dict>
-					<key>name</key>
-					<string>storage.type.function.coffee</string>
-				</dict>
-			</dict>
-			<key>comment</key>
-			<string>match stuff like: funcName: =&gt; … </string>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>([a-zA-Z_?.$]*)\s*(=|:)\s*([\w,\s]*?)\s*(=&gt;)</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>meta.function.coffee</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>captures</key>
-			<dict>
-				<key>1</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
 					<string>variable.parameter.function.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
-				<key>2</key>
+				<key>5</key>
 				<dict>
 					<key>name</key>
 					<string>storage.type.function.coffee</string>
 				</dict>
 			</dict>
 			<key>comment</key>
-			<string>match stuff like: a =&gt; … </string>
+			<string>match stuff like: a -&gt; … </string>
 			<key>match</key>
-			<string>([a-zA-Z_?., $]*)\s*(=&gt;)</string>
+			<string>(\()([a-zA-Z0-9_?.$]*(,\s*[a-zA-Z0-9_?.$]+)*)(\))\s*((=|-)&gt;)</string>
 			<key>name</key>
 			<string>meta.inline.function.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
@@ -89,6 +72,36 @@
 			<key>name</key>
 			<string>constant.numeric.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
+		<dict>
+		  <key>match</key>
+		  <string>(@)[a-zA-Z_$]\w*</string>
+		  <key>name</key>
+		  <string>variable.other.readwrite.instance.coffee</string>
+		</dict>
+    <dict>
+      <key>name</key>
+      <string>string.quoted.heredoc.coffee</string>
+      <key>begin</key>
+      <string>("""|''')</string>
+      <key>end</key>
+      <string>("""|''')</string>
+      <key>beginCaptures</key>
+      <dict>
+				<key>0</key>
+				<dict>
+					<key>name</key>
+					<string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.coffee</string>
+				</dict>
+			</dict>
+      <key>endCaptures</key>
+      <dict>
+				<key>0</key>
+				<dict>
+					<key>name</key>
+					<string>punctuation.definition.string.end.coffee</string>
+				</dict>
+			</dict>
+    </dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>begin</key>
 			<string>'</string>
@@ -202,54 +215,6 @@
 			<key>name</key>
 			<string>comment.line.coffee</string>
 		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>\b(break|when|catch|continue|else|finally|for|if|return|switch|then|throw|try|unless|while)\b</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>keyword.control.coffee</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>\b(true|on|yes)\b</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>constant.language.boolean.true.coffee</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>\b(false|off|no)\b</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>constant.language.boolean.false.coffee</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>\bnull\b</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>constant.language.null.coffee</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>\b(super|this|extends)\b</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>variable.language.coffee</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>\b(debugger)\b</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>keyword.other.coffee</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>!|\$|%|&amp;|\*|\-\-|\-|\+\+|\+|~|===|==|=|!=|!==|&lt;=|&gt;=|&lt;&lt;=|&gt;&gt;=|&gt;&gt;&gt;=|&lt;&gt;|&lt;|&gt;|!|&amp;&amp;|\?|\|\||\:|\*=|(?&lt;!\()/=|%=|\+=|\-=|&amp;=|\^=|\b(in|instanceof|new|delete|typeof|and|or|is|isnt|not)\b</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>keyword.operator.coffee</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>\b(Infinity|NaN|undefined)\b</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>constant.language.coffee</string>
-		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>begin</key>
 			<string>(?&lt;=[=(:]|^|return)\s*(/)(?![/*+{}?])</string>
@@ -283,6 +248,74 @@
 				</dict>
 			</array>
 		</dict>
+		<dict>
+			<key>match</key>
+			<string>\b(break|by|catch|continue|else|finally|for|in|of|if|return|switch|then|throw|try|unless|when|while)\b</string>
+			<key>name</key>
+			<string>keyword.control.coffee</string>
+		</dict>
+		<dict>
+			<key>match</key>
+			<string>\b([a-zA-Z$_](\w|\$|:|\.)*\s*(?=\:))</string>
+			<key>name</key>
+			<string>variable.assignment.coffee</string>
+			<key>captures</key>
+			<dict>
+				<key>1</key>
+				<dict>
+					<key>name</key>
+					<string>entity.name.function.coffee</string>
+				</dict>
+			</dict>
+		</dict>
+		<dict>
+			<key>match</key>
+			<string>\b(true|on|yes)\b</string>
+			<key>name</key>
+			<string>constant.language.boolean.true.coffee</string>
+		</dict>
+		<dict>
+			<key>match</key>
+			<string>\b(false|off|no)\b</string>
+			<key>name</key>
+			<string>constant.language.boolean.false.coffee</string>
+		</dict>
+		<dict>
+			<key>match</key>
+			<string>\bnull\b</string>
+			<key>name</key>
+			<string>constant.language.null.coffee</string>
+		</dict>
+		<dict>
+			<key>match</key>
+			<string>\b(super|this|extends)\b</string>
+			<key>name</key>
+			<string>variable.language.coffee</string>
+		</dict>
+		<dict>
+			<key>match</key>
+			<string>\b(debugger|\\)\b</string>
+			<key>name</key>
+			<string>keyword.other.coffee</string>
+		</dict>
+		<dict>
+			<key>match</key>
+			<string>(=|-)&gt;</string>
+			<key>name</key>
+			<string>storage.type.function.coffee</string>
+		</dict>
+		<dict>
+			<key>match</key>
+			<string>!|%|&amp;|\*|\/|\-\-|\-|\+\+|\+|~|===|==|=|!=|!==|&lt;=|&gt;=|&lt;&lt;=|&gt;&gt;=|&gt;&gt;&gt;=|&lt;&gt;|&lt;|&gt;|!|&amp;&amp;|\?|\|\||\:|\*=|(?&lt;!\()/=|%=|\+=|\-=|&amp;=|\^=|\b(instanceof|new|delete|typeof|and|or|is|isnt|not)\b</string>
+			<key>name</key>
+			<string>keyword.operator.coffee</string>
+		</dict>
+		<dict>
+			<key>match</key>
+			<string>\b(Infinity|NaN|undefined)\b</string>
+			<key>name</key>
+			<string>constant.language.coffee</string>
+		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>match</key>
 			<string>\;</string>

extras/EXTRAS

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+This folder includes rough cuts of CoffeeScript syntax highlighters for 
+TextMate and Vim. Improvements to their lexing ability are always welcome.
+
+To install the TextMate bundle, run `bin/coffee --install-bundle`, or drop it
+into "~/Library/Application Support/TextMate/Bundles".
+
+To install the Vim highlighter, copy "coffee.vim" into the "syntax" directory of
+your vim72, and enable it in either of the following two ways:
+
+  * Manually, by running `:set syntax=coffee`
+  
+  * Or automatically, by creating a "filetype.vim" file within "~/.vim", which
+    contains something along these lines:
+    
+    if exists("did_load_filetypes")
+      finish
+    end
+    augroup filetypedetect
+      au! BufRead,BufNewFile *.coffee setfiletype coffee
+    augroup END

extras/coffee.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+" Vim syntax file
+" Language:	CoffeeScript
+" Maintainer:	Jeff Olson <olson.jeffery@gmail.com>
+" URL:		http://github.com/olsonjeffery
+" Changes:	(jro) initial port from javascript
+" Last Change:	2006 Jun 19
+" Adaptation of javascript.vim syntax file (distro'd w/ vim72), 
+" maintained by Claudio Fleiner <claudio@fleiner.com>
+" with updates from Scott Shattuck (ss) <ss@technicalpursuit.com>
+
+if !exists("main_syntax")
+  if version < 600
+    syntax clear
+  elseif exists("b:current_syntax")
+    finish
+  endif
+  let main_syntax = 'coffee'
+endif
+
+syn case ignore
+
+syn match   coffeeLineComment      "#.*" contains=@Spell,CoffeeCommentTodo
+syn match   coffeeSpecial	       "\\\d\d\d\|\\."
+syn region  coffeeStringD	       start=+"+  skip=+\\\\\|\\"+  end=+"\|$+  contains=coffeeSpecial,@htmlPreproc
+syn region  coffeeStringS	       start=+'+  skip=+\\\\\|\\'+  end=+'\|$+  contains=coffeeSpecial,@htmlPreproc
+
+syn match   coffeeSpecialCharacter "'\\.'"
+syn match   coffeeNumber	       "-\=\<\d\+L\=\>\|0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]\+\>"
+syn region  coffeeRegexpString     start=+/[^/*]+me=e-1 skip=+\\\\\|\\/+ end=+/[gi]\{0,2\}\s*$+ end=+/[gi]\{0,2\}\s*[;.,)\]}]+me=e-1 contains=@htmlPreproc oneline
+
+syn match coffeePrototypeAccess "::"
+syn match coffeeFunction "->"
+
+syn keyword coffeeExtends   extends
+syn keyword coffeeConditional	if else switch then
+syn keyword coffeeRepeat		while for in of
+syn keyword coffeeBranch		break continue
+syn keyword coffeeOperator		delete instanceof typeof
+syn keyword coffeeType		Array Boolean Date Function Number Object String RegExp
+syn keyword coffeeStatement		return with
+syn keyword coffeeBoolean		true false
+syn keyword coffeeNull		null undefined
+syn keyword coffeeIdentifier	arguments this var
+syn keyword coffeeLabel		case default
+syn keyword coffeeException		try catch finally throw
+syn keyword coffeeMessage		alert confirm prompt status
+syn keyword coffeeGlobal		self window top parent
+syn keyword coffeeMember		document event location 
+syn keyword coffeeDeprecated	escape unescape
+syn keyword coffeeReserved		abstract boolean byte char class const debugger double enum export final float goto implements import int interface long native package private protected public short static super synchronized throws transient volatile 
+
+syn sync fromstart
+syn sync maxlines=100
+
+if main_syntax == "coffee"
+  syn sync ccomment coffeeComment
+endif
+
+" Define the default highlighting.
+" For version 5.7 and earlier: only when not done already
+" For version 5.8 and later: only when an item doesn't have highlighting yet
+if version >= 508 || !exists("did_coffee_syn_inits")
+  if version < 508
+    let did_coffee_syn_inits = 1
+    command -nargs=+ HiLink hi link <args>
+  else
+    command -nargs=+ HiLink hi def link <args>
+  endif
+  HiLink coffeePrototypeAccess Keyword
+  HiLink coffeeExtends        Keyword
+  HiLink coffeeLineComment		Comment
+  HiLink coffeeSpecial		Special
+  HiLink coffeeStringS		String
+  HiLink coffeeStringD		String
+  HiLink coffeeCharacter		Character
+  HiLink coffeeSpecialCharacter	coffeeSpecial
+  HiLink coffeeNumber		coffeeValue
+  HiLink coffeeConditional		Conditional
+  HiLink coffeeRepeat		Repeat
+  HiLink coffeeBranch		Conditional
+  HiLink coffeeOperator		Operator
+  HiLink coffeeType			Type
+  HiLink coffeeStatement		Statement
+  HiLink coffeeFunction		Function
+  HiLink coffeeBraces		Function
+  HiLink coffeeError		Error
+  HiLink coffeeScrParenError		coffeeError
+  HiLink coffeeNull			Keyword
+  HiLink coffeeBoolean		Boolean
+  HiLink coffeeRegexpString		String
+
+  HiLink coffeeIdentifier		Identifier
+  HiLink coffeeLabel		Label
+  HiLink coffeeException		Exception
+  HiLink coffeeMessage		Keyword
+  HiLink coffeeGlobal		Keyword
+  HiLink coffeeMember		Keyword
+  HiLink coffeeDeprecated		Exception 
+  HiLink coffeeReserved		Keyword
+  HiLink coffeeDebug		Debug
+  HiLink coffeeConstant		Label
+
+  delcommand HiLink
+endif
+
+let b:current_syntax = "coffee"
+if main_syntax == 'coffee'
+  unlet main_syntax
+endif
+
+" vim: ts=8

lib/coffee-script.rb

@@ -4,12 +4,13 @@ require "coffee_script/parser"
 require "coffee_script/nodes"
 require "coffee_script/value"
 require "coffee_script/scope"
+require "coffee_script/rewriter"
 require "coffee_script/parse_error"
 
 # Namespace for all CoffeeScript internal classes.
 module CoffeeScript
 
-  VERSION = '0.1.4'   # Keep in sync with the gemspec.
+  VERSION = '0.3.2'   # Keep in sync with the gemspec.
 
   # Compile a script (String or IO) to JavaScript.
   def self.compile(script, options={})

lib/coffee_script/coffee-script.js

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+(function(){
+  var compiler, path;
+  // Executes the `coffee` Ruby program to convert from CoffeeScript to JavaScript.
+  path = require('path');
+  // The path to the CoffeeScript executable.
+  compiler = path.normalize(path.dirname(__filename) + '/../../bin/coffee');
+  // Compile a string over stdin, with global variables, for the REPL.
+  exports.compile = function compile(code, callback) {
+    var coffee, js;
+    js = '';
+    coffee = process.createChildProcess(compiler, ['--eval', '--no-wrap', '--globals']);
+    coffee.addListener('output', function(results) {
+      if ((typeof results !== "undefined" && results !== null)) {
+        return js += results;
+      }
+    });
+    coffee.addListener('exit', function() {
+      return callback(js);
+    });
+    coffee.write(code);
+    return coffee.close();
+  };
+  // Compile a list of CoffeeScript files on disk.
+  exports.compile_files = function compile_files(paths, callback) {
+    var coffee, exit_ran, js;
+    js = '';
+    coffee = process.createChildProcess(compiler, ['--print'].concat(paths));
+    coffee.addListener('output', function(results) {
+      if ((typeof results !== "undefined" && results !== null)) {
+        return js += results;
+      }
+    });
+    // NB: we have to add a mutex to make sure it doesn't get called twice.
+    exit_ran = false;
+    coffee.addListener('exit', function() {
+      if (exit_ran) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      exit_ran = true;
+      return callback(js);
+    });
+    return coffee.addListener('error', function(message) {
+      if (!(message)) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      puts(message);
+      throw new Error("CoffeeScript compile error");
+    });
+  };
+})();

lib/coffee_script/command_line.rb

@@ -1,24 +1,39 @@
 require 'optparse'
 require 'fileutils'
 require 'open3'
-require File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../coffee-script')
+begin
+  require File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../coffee-script')
+rescue LoadError => e
+  puts(e.message)
+  puts("use \"rake build:parser\" to regenerate parser.rb")
+  exit(1)
+end
 
 module CoffeeScript
 
-  # The CommandLine handles all of the functionality of the `coffee-script`
+  # The CommandLine handles all of the functionality of the `coffee`
   # utility.
   class CommandLine
 
     BANNER = <<-EOS
-coffee-script compiles CoffeeScript source files into JavaScript.
+coffee compiles CoffeeScript source files into JavaScript.
 
 Usage:
-  coffee-script path/to/script.coffee
+  coffee path/to/script.coffee
     EOS
 
     # Seconds to pause between checks for changed source files.
     WATCH_INTERVAL = 0.5
 
+    # Path to the root of the CoffeeScript install.
+    ROOT = File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../..')
+
+    # Commands to execute CoffeeScripts.
+    RUNNERS = {
+      :node     => "node #{ROOT}/lib/coffee_script/runner.js",
+      :narwhal  => "narwhal -p #{ROOT} -e 'require(\"coffee-script\").run(system.args);'"
+    }
+
     # Run the CommandLine off the contents of ARGV.
     def initialize
       @mtimes = {}
@@ -102,20 +117,20 @@ Usage:
       puts js
     end
 
-    # Use Narwhal to run an interactive CoffeeScript session.
+    # Use Node.js or Narwhal to run an interactive CoffeeScript session.
     def launch_repl
-      exec "narwhal lib/coffee_script/narwhal/js/launcher.js"
+      exec "#{RUNNERS[@options[:runner]]}"
     rescue Errno::ENOENT
-      puts "Error: Narwhal must be installed to use the interactive REPL."
+      puts "Error: #{@options[:runner]} must be installed to use the interactive REPL."
       exit(1)
     end
 
-    # Use Narwhal to compile and execute CoffeeScripts.
+    # Use Node.js or Narwhal to compile and execute CoffeeScripts.
     def run_scripts
       sources = @sources.join(' ')
-      exec "narwhal lib/coffee_script/narwhal/js/launcher.js #{sources}"
+      exec "#{RUNNERS[@options[:runner]]} #{sources}"
     rescue Errno::ENOENT
-      puts "Error: Narwhal must be installed in order to execute CoffeeScripts."
+      puts "Error: #{@options[:runner]} must be installed in order to execute scripts."
       exit(1)
     end
 
@@ -125,11 +140,14 @@ Usage:
     end
 
     # Compile a single source file to JavaScript.
-    def compile(script, source='')
+    def compile(script, source='error')
       begin
-        CoffeeScript.compile(script, :no_wrap => @options[:no_wrap])
+        options = {}
+        options[:no_wrap] = true if @options[:no_wrap]
+        options[:globals] = true if @options[:globals]
+        CoffeeScript.compile(script, options)
       rescue CoffeeScript::ParseError => e
-        STDERR.puts e.message(source)
+        STDERR.puts "#{source}: #{e.message}"
         exit(1) unless @options[:watch]
         nil
       end
@@ -146,17 +164,17 @@ Usage:
     # Install the CoffeeScript TextMate bundle to ~/Library.
     def install_bundle
       bundle_dir = File.expand_path('~/Library/Application Support/TextMate/Bundles/')
-      FileUtils.cp_r(File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/CoffeeScript.tmbundle', bundle_dir)
+      FileUtils.cp_r("#{ROOT}/extras/CoffeeScript.tmbundle", bundle_dir)
     end
 
     # Use OptionParser for all the options.
     def parse_options
-      @options = {}
+      @options = {:runner => :node}
       @option_parser = OptionParser.new do |opts|
-        opts.on('-i', '--interactive', 'run a CoffeeScript REPL (requires Narwhal)') do |i|
+        opts.on('-i', '--interactive', 'run an interactive CoffeeScript REPL') do |i|
           @options[:interactive] = true
         end
-        opts.on('-r', '--run', 'compile and run a script (requires Narwhal)') do |r|
+        opts.on('-r', '--run', 'compile and run a CoffeeScript') do |r|
           @options[:run] = true
         end
         opts.on('-o', '--output [DIR]', 'set the directory for compiled JavaScript') do |d|
@@ -181,15 +199,21 @@ Usage:
         opts.on('-v', '--verbose', 'print at every step of code generation') do |v|
           ENV['VERBOSE'] = 'true'
         end
-        opts.on('-n', '--no-wrap', 'raw output, no safety wrapper or vars') do |n|
+        opts.on('-n', '--no-wrap', 'raw output, no function safety wrapper') do |n|
           @options[:no_wrap] = true
         end
+        opts.on('-g', '--globals', 'attach all top-level variable as globals') do |n|
+          @options[:globals] = true
+        end
+        opts.on_tail('--narwhal', 'use Narwhal instead of Node.js') do |n|
+          @options[:runner] = :narwhal
+        end
         opts.on_tail('--install-bundle', 'install the CoffeeScript TextMate bundle') do |i|
           install_bundle
           exit
         end
-        opts.on_tail('--version', 'display coffee-script version') do
-          puts "coffee-script version #{CoffeeScript::VERSION}"
+        opts.on_tail('--version', 'display CoffeeScript version') do
+          puts "CoffeeScript version #{CoffeeScript::VERSION}"
           exit
         end
         opts.on_tail('-h', '--help', 'display this help message') do

lib/coffee_script/grammar.y

@@ -1,79 +1,69 @@
 class Parser
 
-# Declare tokens produced by the lexer
-token IF ELSE THEN UNLESS
+# Declare terminal tokens produced by the lexer.
+token IF ELSE UNLESS
 token NUMBER STRING REGEX
 token TRUE FALSE YES NO ON OFF
-token IDENTIFIER PROPERTY_ACCESS
-token CODE PARAM NEW RETURN
+token IDENTIFIER PROPERTY_ACCESS PROTOTYPE_ACCESS SOAK_ACCESS
+token CODE PARAM_START PARAM PARAM_END NEW RETURN
+token CALL_START CALL_END INDEX_START INDEX_END
 token TRY CATCH FINALLY THROW
 token BREAK CONTINUE
-token FOR IN WHILE
-token SWITCH WHEN
+token FOR IN OF BY WHEN WHILE
+token SWITCH LEADING_WHEN
 token DELETE INSTANCEOF TYPEOF
 token SUPER EXTENDS
+token ASSIGN RETURN
 token NEWLINE
 token COMMENT
 token JS
+token INDENT OUTDENT
 
 # Declare order of operations.
 prechigh
-  nonassoc UMINUS NOT '!' '!!' '~' '++' '--'
-  left     '*' '/' '%'
+  nonassoc UMINUS UPLUS NOT '!' '!!' '~' '++' '--'
+  left     '*' '/' '%' '?' '.'
   left     '+' '-'
-  left     '<<' '>>' '>>>'
-  left     '&' '|' '^'
+  left     '<<' '>>' '>>>' '&' '|' '^'
   left     '<=' '<' '>' '>='
   right    '==' '!=' IS ISNT
   left     '&&' '||' AND OR
-  right    '-=' '+=' '/=' '*=' '%='
+  right    '-=' '+=' '/=' '*=' '%=' '||=' '&&=' '?='
   right    DELETE INSTANCEOF TYPEOF
-  left     '.'
-  right    THROW FOR IN WHILE NEW SUPER
-  left     UNLESS IF ELSE EXTENDS
-  left     ASSIGN '||=' '&&='
-  right    RETURN
+  right    INDENT
+  left     OUTDENT
+  right    WHEN LEADING_WHEN IN OF BY
+  right    THROW FOR NEW SUPER
+  left     EXTENDS
+  right    ASSIGN RETURN
+  right    '->' '=>' UNLESS IF ELSE WHILE
 preclow
 
-# We expect 3 shift/reduce errors for optional syntax.
-# There used to be 252 -- greatly improved.
-expect 3
-
 rule
 
   # All parsing will end in this rule, being the trunk of the AST.
   Root:
-    /* nothing */                     { result = Expressions.new([]) }
-  | Terminator                        { result = Expressions.new([]) }
+    /* nothing */                     { result = Expressions.new }
+  | Terminator                        { result = Expressions.new }
   | Expressions                       { result = val[0] }
+  | Block Terminator                  { result = val[0] }
   ;
 
   # Any list of expressions or method body, seperated by line breaks or semis.
   Expressions:
-    Expression                        { result = Expressions.new(val) }
+    Expression                        { result = Expressions.wrap(val) }
   | Expressions Terminator Expression { result = val[0] << val[2] }
   | Expressions Terminator            { result = val[0] }
-  | Terminator Expressions            { result = val[1] }
   ;
 
-  # All types of expressions in our language.
+  # All types of expressions in our language. The basic unit of CoffeeScript
+  # is the expression.
   Expression:
-    PureExpression
-  | Statement
-  ;
-
-  # The parts that are natural JavaScript expressions.
-  PureExpression:
-    Literal
-  | Value
+    Value
   | Call
   | Code
   | Operation
-  ;
-
-  # We have to take extra care to convert these statements into expressions.
-  Statement:
-    Assign
+  | Assign
   | If
   | Try
   | Throw
@@ -82,22 +72,25 @@ rule
   | For
   | Switch
   | Extends
+  | Splat
+  | Existence
   | Comment
   ;
 
-  # All tokens that can terminate an expression.
+  # A block of expressions. Note that the Rewriter will convert some postfix
+  # forms into blocks for us, by altering the token stream.
+  Block:
+    INDENT Expressions OUTDENT        { result = val[1] }
+  | INDENT OUTDENT                    { result = Expressions.new }
+  ;
+
+  # Tokens that can terminate an expression.
   Terminator:
     "\n"
   | ";"
   ;
 
-  # All tokens that can serve to begin the second block of a multi-part expression.
-  Then:
-    THEN
-  | Terminator
-  ;
-
-  # All hard-coded values.
+  # All hard-coded values. These can be printed straight to JavaScript.
   Literal:
     NUMBER                            { result = LiteralNode.new(val[0]) }
   | STRING                            { result = LiteralNode.new(val[0]) }
@@ -105,29 +98,30 @@ rule
   | REGEX                             { result = LiteralNode.new(val[0]) }
   | BREAK                             { result = LiteralNode.new(val[0]) }
   | CONTINUE                          { result = LiteralNode.new(val[0]) }
-  | TRUE                              { result = LiteralNode.new(true) }
-  | FALSE                             { result = LiteralNode.new(false) }
-  | YES                               { result = LiteralNode.new(true) }
-  | NO                                { result = LiteralNode.new(false) }
-  | ON                                { result = LiteralNode.new(true) }
-  | OFF                               { result = LiteralNode.new(false) }
+  | TRUE                              { result = LiteralNode.new(Value.new(true)) }
+  | FALSE                             { result = LiteralNode.new(Value.new(false)) }
+  | YES                               { result = LiteralNode.new(Value.new(true)) }
+  | NO                                { result = LiteralNode.new(Value.new(false)) }
+  | ON                                { result = LiteralNode.new(Value.new(true)) }
+  | OFF                               { result = LiteralNode.new(Value.new(false)) }
   ;
 
-  # Assignment to a variable.
+  # Assignment to a variable (or index).
   Assign:
-    Value ASSIGN Expression         { result = AssignNode.new(val[0], val[2]) }
+    Value ASSIGN Expression           { result = AssignNode.new(val[0], val[2]) }
   ;
 
-  # Assignment within an object literal.
+  # Assignment within an object literal (can be quoted).
   AssignObj:
-    IDENTIFIER ASSIGN Expression    { result = AssignNode.new(val[0], val[2], :object) }
-  | STRING ASSIGN Expression        { result = AssignNode.new(val[0], val[2], :object) }
+    IDENTIFIER ASSIGN Expression      { result = AssignNode.new(ValueNode.new(val[0]), val[2], :object) }
+  | STRING ASSIGN Expression          { result = AssignNode.new(ValueNode.new(LiteralNode.new(val[0])), val[2], :object) }
   | Comment                           { result = val[0] }
   ;
 
   # A return statement.
   Return:
     RETURN Expression                 { result = ReturnNode.new(val[1]) }
+  | RETURN                            { result = ReturnNode.new(ValueNode.new(Value.new('null'))) }
   ;
 
   # A comment.
@@ -142,12 +136,15 @@ rule
     '!' Expression                    { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
   | '!!' Expression                   { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
   | '-' Expression = UMINUS           { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
+  | '+' Expression = UPLUS            { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
   | NOT Expression                    { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
   | '~' Expression                    { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
-  | '--' Expression                    { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
-  | '++' Expression                    { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
-  | Expression '--'                    { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], nil, true) }
-  | Expression '++'                    { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], nil, true) }
+  | '--' Expression                   { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
+  | '++' Expression                   { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
+  | DELETE Expression                 { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
+  | TYPEOF Expression                 { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
+  | Expression '--'                   { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], nil, true) }
+  | Expression '++'                   { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], nil, true) }
 
   | Expression '*' Expression         { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
   | Expression '/' Expression         { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
@@ -178,6 +175,7 @@ rule
   | Expression '||' Expression        { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
   | Expression AND Expression         { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
   | Expression OR Expression          { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
+  | Expression '?' Expression         { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
 
   | Expression '-=' Expression        { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
   | Expression '+=' Expression        { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
@@ -186,36 +184,56 @@ rule
   | Expression '%=' Expression        { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
   | Expression '||=' Expression       { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
   | Expression '&&=' Expression       { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
+  | Expression '?=' Expression        { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
 
-  | DELETE Expression                 { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
-  | TYPEOF Expression                 { result = OpNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
   | Expression INSTANCEOF Expression  { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
+  | Expression IN Expression          { result = OpNode.new(val[1], val[0], val[2]) }
+  ;
+
+  # The existence operator.
+  Existence:
+    Expression '?'                    { result = ExistenceNode.new(val[0]) }
   ;
 
   # Function definition.
   Code:
-    ParamList "=>" CodeBody "."       { result = CodeNode.new(val[0], val[2]) }
-  | "=>" CodeBody "."                 { result = CodeNode.new([], val[1]) }
+    PARAM_START ParamList PARAM_END
+      FuncGlyph Block                 { result = CodeNode.new(val[1], val[4], val[3]) }
+  | FuncGlyph Block                   { result = CodeNode.new([], val[1], val[0]) }
   ;
 
-  # The body of a function.
-  CodeBody:
-    /* nothing */                     { result = Expressions.new([]) }
-  | Expressions                       { result = val[0] }
+  # The symbols to signify functions, and bound functions.
+  FuncGlyph:
+    '->'                              { result = :func }
+  | '=>'                              { result = :boundfunc }
   ;
 
   # The parameters to a function definition.
   ParamList:
-    PARAM                             { result = val }
-  | ParamList "," PARAM               { result = val[0] << val[2] }
+    Param                             { result = val }
+  | ParamList "," Param               { result = val[0] << val[2] }
+  ;
+
+  # A Parameter (or ParamSplat) in a function definition.
+  Param:
+    PARAM
+  | PARAM "." "." "."                 { result = SplatNode.new(val[0]) }
+  ;
+
+  # A regular splat.
+  Splat:
+    Expression "." "." "."            { result = SplatNode.new(val[0]) }
   ;
 
   # Expressions that can be treated as values.
   Value:
     IDENTIFIER                        { result = ValueNode.new(val[0]) }
+  | Literal                           { result = ValueNode.new(val[0]) }
   | Array                             { result = ValueNode.new(val[0]) }
   | Object                            { result = ValueNode.new(val[0]) }
   | Parenthetical                     { result = ValueNode.new(val[0]) }
+  | Range                             { result = ValueNode.new(val[0]) }
+  | This                              { result = ValueNode.new(val[0]) }
   | Value Accessor                    { result = val[0] << val[1] }
   | Invocation Accessor               { result = ValueNode.new(val[0], [val[1]]) }
   ;
@@ -223,18 +241,15 @@ rule
   # Accessing into an object or array, through dot or index notation.
   Accessor:
     PROPERTY_ACCESS IDENTIFIER        { result = AccessorNode.new(val[1]) }
+  | PROTOTYPE_ACCESS IDENTIFIER       { result = AccessorNode.new(val[1], :prototype) }
+  | SOAK_ACCESS IDENTIFIER            { result = AccessorNode.new(val[1], :soak) }
   | Index                             { result = val[0] }
-  | Slice                             { result = val[0] }
+  | Slice                             { result = SliceNode.new(val[0]) }
   ;
 
   # Indexing into an object or array.
   Index:
-    "[" Expression "]"                { result = IndexNode.new(val[1]) }
-  ;
-
-  # Array slice literal.
-  Slice:
-    "[" Expression "," Expression "]" { result = SliceNode.new(val[1], val[3]) }
+    INDEX_START Expression INDEX_END  { result = IndexNode.new(val[1]) }
   ;
 
   # An object literal.
@@ -244,10 +259,13 @@ rule
 
   # Assignment within an object literal (comma or newline separated).
   AssignList:
-    /* nothing */                     { result = []}
+    /* nothing */                     { result = [] }
   | AssignObj                         { result = val }
   | AssignList "," AssignObj          { result = val[0] << val[2] }
   | AssignList Terminator AssignObj   { result = val[0] << val[2] }
+  | AssignList ","
+      Terminator AssignObj            { result = val[0] << val[3] }
+  | INDENT AssignList OUTDENT         { result = val[1] }
   ;
 
   # All flavors of function call (instantiation, super, and regular).
@@ -264,13 +282,40 @@ rule
 
   # A generic function invocation.
   Invocation:
-    Value "(" ArgList ")"             { result = CallNode.new(val[0], val[2]) }
-  | Invocation "(" ArgList ")"        { result = CallNode.new(val[0], val[2]) }
+    Value Arguments                   { result = CallNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
+  | Invocation Arguments              { result = CallNode.new(val[0], val[1]) }
+  ;
+
+  # The list of arguments to a function invocation.
+  Arguments:
+    CALL_START ArgList CALL_END       { result = val[1] }
   ;
 
   # Calling super.
   Super:
-    SUPER "(" ArgList ")"             { result = CallNode.new(:super, val[2]) }
+    SUPER CALL_START ArgList CALL_END { result = CallNode.new(Value.new('super'), val[2]) }
+  ;
+
+  # This references, either naked or to a property.
+  This:
+    '@'                               { result = ThisNode.new }
+  | '@' IDENTIFIER                    { result = ThisNode.new(val[1]) }
+  ;
+
+  # The range literal.
+  Range:
+    "[" Expression
+      "." "." Expression "]"          { result = RangeNode.new(val[1], val[4]) }
+  | "[" Expression
+      "." "." "." Expression "]"      { result = RangeNode.new(val[1], val[5], true) }
+  ;
+
+  # The slice literal.
+  Slice:
+    INDEX_START Expression "." "."
+      Expression INDEX_END            { result = RangeNode.new(val[1], val[4]) }
+  | INDEX_START Expression "." "." "."
+      Expression INDEX_END            { result = RangeNode.new(val[1], val[5], true) }
   ;
 
   # The array literal.
@@ -282,21 +327,31 @@ rule
   ArgList:
     /* nothing */                     { result = [] }
   | Expression                        { result = val }
+  | INDENT Expression                 { result = [val[1]] }
   | ArgList "," Expression            { result = val[0] << val[2] }
   | ArgList Terminator Expression     { result = val[0] << val[2] }
+  | ArgList "," Terminator Expression { result = val[0] << val[3] }
+  | ArgList "," INDENT Expression     { result = val[0] << val[3] }
+  | ArgList OUTDENT                   { result = val[0] }
+  ;
+
+  # Just simple, comma-separated, required arguments (no fancy syntax).
+  SimpleArgs:
+    Expression                        { result = val[0] }
+  | SimpleArgs "," Expression         { result = ([val[0]] << val[2]).flatten }
   ;
 
   # Try/catch/finally exception handling blocks.
   Try:
-    TRY Expressions Catch "."         { result = TryNode.new(val[1], val[2][0], val[2][1]) }
-  | TRY Expressions Catch
-    FINALLY Expressions "."           { result = TryNode.new(val[1], val[2][0], val[2][1], val[4]) }
+    TRY Block Catch                   { result = TryNode.new(val[1], val[2][0], val[2][1]) }
+  | TRY Block FINALLY Block           { result = TryNode.new(val[1], nil, nil, val[3]) }
+  | TRY Block Catch
+      FINALLY Block                   { result = TryNode.new(val[1], val[2][0], val[2][1], val[4]) }
   ;
 
   # A catch clause.
   Catch:
-    /* nothing */                     { result = [nil, nil] }
-  | CATCH IDENTIFIER Expressions      { result = [val[1], val[2]] }
+    CATCH IDENTIFIER Block            { result = [val[1], val[2]] }
   ;
 
   # Throw an exception.
@@ -306,20 +361,22 @@ rule
 
   # Parenthetical expressions.
   Parenthetical:
-    "(" Expressions ")"               { result = ParentheticalNode.new(val[1]) }
+    "(" Expression ")"                { result = ParentheticalNode.new(val[1], val[0].line) }
   ;
 
   # The while loop. (there is no do..while).
   While:
-    WHILE Expression Then
-      Expressions "."                 { result = WhileNode.new(val[1], val[3]) }
+    WHILE Expression Block            { result = WhileNode.new(val[1], val[2]) }
+  | WHILE Expression                  { result = WhileNode.new(val[1], nil) }
+  | Expression WHILE Expression       { result = WhileNode.new(val[2], Expressions.wrap(val[0])) }
   ;
 
   # Array comprehensions, including guard and current index.
   # Looks a little confusing, check nodes.rb for the arguments to ForNode.
   For:
     Expression FOR
-      ForVariables ForSource          { result = ForNode.new(val[0], val[3][0], val[2][0], val[3][1], val[2][1]) }
+      ForVariables ForSource          { result = ForNode.new(val[0], val[3], val[2][0], val[2][1]) }
+  | FOR ForVariables ForSource Block  { result = ForNode.new(val[3], val[2], val[1][0], val[1][1]) }
   ;
 
   # An array comprehension has variables for the current element and index.
@@ -330,17 +387,20 @@ rule
 
   # The source of the array comprehension can optionally be filtered.
   ForSource:
-    IN PureExpression "."             { result = [val[1]] }
-  | IN PureExpression
-    IF Expression "."                 { result = [val[1], val[3]] }
+    IN Expression                     { result = {:source => val[1]} }
+  | OF Expression                     { result = {:source => val[1], :object => true} }
+  | ForSource
+    WHEN Expression                   { result = val[0].merge(:filter => val[2]) }
+  | ForSource
+    BY Expression                     { result = val[0].merge(:step => val[2]) }
   ;
 
   # Switch/When blocks.
   Switch:
-    SWITCH Expression Then
-      Whens "."                       { result = val[3].rewrite_condition(val[1]) }
-  | SWITCH Expression Then
-      Whens ELSE Expressions "."      { result = val[3].rewrite_condition(val[1]).add_else(val[5]) }
+    SWITCH Expression INDENT
+      Whens OUTDENT                   { result = val[3].rewrite_condition(val[1]) }
+  | SWITCH Expression INDENT
+      Whens ELSE Block OUTDENT        { result = val[3].rewrite_condition(val[1]).add_else(val[5]) }
   ;
 
   # The inner list of whens.
@@ -351,16 +411,20 @@ rule
 
   # An individual when.
   When:
-    WHEN Expression Then Expressions  { result = IfNode.new(val[1], val[3]) }
+    LEADING_WHEN SimpleArgs Block     { result = IfNode.new(val[1], val[2], nil, {:statement => true}) }
+  | LEADING_WHEN SimpleArgs Block
+      Terminator                      { result = IfNode.new(val[1], val[2], nil, {:statement => true}) }
+  | Comment Terminator When           { result = val[2].add_comment(val[0]) }
   ;
 
-  # All of the following nutso if-else destructuring is to make the
-  # grammar expand unambiguously.
+  # The most basic form of "if".
+  IfBlock:
+    IF Expression Block               { result = IfNode.new(val[1], val[2]) }
+  ;
 
   # An elsif portion of an if-else block.
   ElsIf:
-    ELSE IF Expression
-      Then Expressions                { result = IfNode.new(val[2], val[4]) }
+    ELSE IfBlock                      { result = val[1].force_statement }
   ;
 
   # Multiple elsifs can be chained together.
@@ -371,8 +435,8 @@ rule
 
   # Terminating else bodies are strictly optional.
   ElseBody
-    "."                               { result = nil }
-  | ELSE Expressions "."              { result = val[1] }
+    /* nothing */                     { result = nil }
+  | ELSE Block                        { result = val[1] }
   ;
 
   # All the alternatives for ending an if-else block.
@@ -383,10 +447,9 @@ rule
 
   # The full complement of if blocks, including postfix one-liner ifs and unlesses.
   If:
-    IF Expression
-      Then Expressions IfEnd          { result = IfNode.new(val[1], val[3], val[4]) }
-  | Expression IF Expression          { result = IfNode.new(val[2], Expressions.new([val[0]]), nil, {:statement => true}) }
-  | Expression UNLESS Expression      { result = IfNode.new(val[2], Expressions.new([val[0]]), nil, {:statement => true, :invert => true}) }
+    IfBlock IfEnd                     { result = val[0].add_else(val[1]) }
+  | Expression IF Expression          { result = IfNode.new(val[2], Expressions.wrap(val[0]), nil, {:statement => true}) }
+  | Expression UNLESS Expression      { result = IfNode.new(val[2], Expressions.wrap(val[0]), nil, {:statement => true, :invert => true}) }
   ;
 
 end