Compare commits

..

100 Commits
0.5.0 ... 0.1.3

Author SHA1 Message Date
Jeremy Ashkenas
859ab7583f bumping to 0.1.3 ... here we go 2009-12-25 00:16:56 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
3eedd5bb50 better error warnings on the command line 2009-12-25 00:02:27 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
5b7e695f6c removed bin/cs in favor of a more comprehensive coffee-script command ... now with --interactive and --run 2009-12-24 23:57:27 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
1e3182727b majorly cleaned up the CoffeeScript that defines the Narwhal integration 2009-12-24 23:28:01 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
e595dbfcee the narwhal integration written in JavaScript has been replaced with CoffeeScript, and compiler-generated variable names now start with '__' 2009-12-24 23:09:24 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
12b830893d sped up the execution test a good deal by running it all in one pass 2009-12-24 22:29:30 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
cca80342aa making all assignment-y operators use a colon -- now it's +: -: *: /:, and friends 2009-12-24 22:25:29 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
4412f590cf removed dependency on v8 in favor of bin/cs 2009-12-24 22:08:32 -08:00
tlrobinson
0cd2d78027 Print compiler errors to stderr 2009-12-24 19:34:17 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
be672ebfc1 fixed the bin/cs repl to save assignment between commands by using the new --no-wrap 2009-12-24 17:45:23 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
9047c87567 the --no-wrap option now disables top-level var declarations 2009-12-24 17:37:24 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
31d630bb91 updating docs for isnt 2009-12-24 17:22:46 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
7a2f5a333f trading aint for isnt -- let's be serious 2009-12-24 17:21:20 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
66303636dc allowing quoted strings within object assignment, a in JS and JSON 2009-12-24 17:14:53 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
9dc932e380 bumping to 0.1.2 to get the super()/extends fix out there 2009-12-24 17:05:55 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
a71de4b5b6 got extends back in the language -- use it together with super 2009-12-24 16:49:23 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
ada8dfc6d4 fixing super() calls, thanks to tolmasky 2009-12-24 16:23:23 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
4112595368 removing the special-case std-reading in favor of '--eval' 2009-12-24 15:49:42 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
c281db7730 document that -e can read from stdin 2009-12-24 15:35:58 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
5e6b49ad1e with a working -n --no-wrap option to disable the top-level function safety wrapper 2009-12-24 15:31:00 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
ec1a527575 Merge branch 'master' of git://github.com/tlrobinson/coffee-script 2009-12-24 15:05:56 -08:00
tlrobinson
dc0ab1afca Command line CoffeeScript 2009-12-24 14:42:57 -08:00
tlrobinson
ae72fbfd0d Narwhal support for CoffeeScript 2009-12-24 14:41:35 -08:00
tlrobinson
ad0735f765 Read from stdin if source is "-" 2009-12-24 14:40:39 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
d49c178f1d added and -> &&, or -> || to the docs (they were missing) 2009-12-24 14:37:30 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
8f8ba255b3 docs for 0.1.1 2009-12-24 12:02:28 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
a4bc24817d bumping to 0.1.1 2009-12-24 11:59:19 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
9eeac9b272 added the typeof operater as an OpNode 2009-12-24 11:50:44 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
f859eb6cec added the instanceof operator to the grammar as an operation node 2009-12-24 11:46:51 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
b29afc2c09 another wish 2009-12-24 10:31:44 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
95b79973f9 docs 2009-12-24 09:56:44 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
1f79733a33 added a wish list to the docs 2009-12-24 09:54:12 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
cfc29f7830 doc tweaks 2009-12-24 01:38:32 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
34486039e1 changing switch/case to switch/when -- it's a better word 2009-12-24 01:33:59 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
53e8ea7d9e added comprehensive linting to the test suit 2009-12-24 00:49:11 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
9841b78ed8 fixed the broken try/catch grammar 2009-12-24 00:45:16 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
065cfddd0d with a more comprehensive execution test that uncovered some missing spots 2009-12-24 00:41:12 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
6882a3d36c added some execution test 2009-12-24 00:12:07 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
85c595e84c added readme 2009-12-23 23:12:29 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
b8f563d49e first draft of docs are done 2009-12-23 23:01:39 -08:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
3b3d57e84a waypoint 2009-12-24 01:22:41 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
a1ee622aa6 added git st with the new operator regex 2009-12-24 00:37:33 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
64733981fd ported over a little more underscore 2009-12-23 21:09:32 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
7833b11724 added the ! sign as an allowed operator 2009-12-23 21:00:04 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
a7032d0964 ... 2009-12-23 20:57:35 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
f2c872230e more better super docs, better switch docs 2009-12-23 20:48:55 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
8d26488748 added yes, no, on and off as boolean aliases and a nice aliases section to the docs 2009-12-23 20:24:55 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
d92ed46503 broken waypoint, but fixed line numbers with the new JS comments 2009-12-23 19:42:44 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
777eac045a broken waypoint, but fixed line numbers with the new JS comments 2009-12-23 19:42:18 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
37e2f3b944 for whatever reason, don't need to force else-bodies to compile as statements anymore ... let them do what they want 2009-12-22 12:18:27 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
3902a8b268 removed all traces of 'extends' -- it's not any shorter or more convenient than just setting the prototype 2009-12-22 12:08:29 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
63a910d7ce got comments within object and array literals working out 2009-12-22 11:50:43 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
3cee51cc37 first draft of parsing and printing along comments -- unfortunately, not yet working within objects and arrays 2009-12-22 11:27:19 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
45b559a721 passing through comments as tags on Values, but not printing them out quite yet... 2009-12-22 10:48:58 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
7c59eb2c36 nice -- it's pushing down assignments properly (recursively) now 2009-12-22 10:16:53 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
40f633b8d0 moderate refactor of nodes.rb -- tests pass and examples compile without warnings 2009-12-22 10:11:41 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
4e3d7cb974 clean up children at exit -- had about twenty processes all watching and recompiling the docs 2009-12-21 12:15:13 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
d14b127b60 documentation waypoint 2009-12-21 11:41:45 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
0d566ed1ec added full complement of bitwise operators 2009-12-19 22:56:27 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
d86f92c6f2 added full complement of bitwise operators 2009-12-19 22:55:58 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
efc5150144 making the each fixture a little more like underscore, and avoiding passing assignment into functions from the outside 2009-12-19 00:45:36 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
7474ed1a5e added the verbose option to the CLI 2009-12-19 00:37:54 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
2f4433af71 more little fixes, lots of subtle things, added a verbose logging mode 2009-12-19 00:33:34 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
91303efd2c lots of tweaks make the tests pass again 2009-12-18 23:13:59 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
d73ff9a79f patched up array comprehensions somewhat. Parens are still a necessary evil, and there's still probably plenty of edge cases 2009-12-18 22:30:09 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
7ec6300a48 little fixes more examples 2009-12-18 09:55:31 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
42c84fc54b adding css for syntax highlighting 2009-12-18 08:36:20 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
f0a790d624 todo to-done 2009-12-18 07:40:26 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
fdcff7aaf0 finished the first draft of the parser test 2009-12-18 07:28:26 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
ab2362e372 adding comprehensive attr_readers to the AST for testing 2009-12-18 07:21:59 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
98cf9f5af2 parser test raises some minor improvements (remove unnecessary ValueNode arrays, etc 2009-12-18 07:11:01 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
e74af51a7d adding an initial lexer test 2009-12-18 06:59:06 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
35b5d8c630 after a lot of grammar wrestling, got the if-else chains to parse unambiguously. Now you only need a single period to close chains of any length. 2009-12-18 00:49:23 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
8575d91c66 finally got the function/object/variable assignment indentation straightened out, I think 2009-12-17 23:45:24 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
8338f124be compiling if-else chains into nice flat ones 2009-12-17 23:34:52 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
be19f7ad4f first major rework of the nodes -- still need more comments and templatish cleanup, but character tagging is all settled 2009-12-17 23:22:02 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
5c737d29ab renamed Nodes to Expressions 2009-12-17 22:58:40 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
92c59ea4a5 finished commenting everything but the nodes -- they're up next 2009-12-17 22:54:24 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
dd28074436 finished commenting the grammar 2009-12-17 22:22:35 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
f8ab30fa42 many more comments, plus a fix for inner-assignment indentation 2009-12-17 22:13:29 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
581ad8ba1e commented the command-line interface 2009-12-17 21:57:21 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
5703c1ed6d moved the TextMate bundle into the gem, added a command to install it 2009-12-17 21:46:12 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
a71a3cdf3f added the 'delete' operator 2009-12-17 21:21:07 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
f5d31b78e6 removed the 'default' keyword in favor of an 'else' 2009-12-17 21:14:36 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
e1e6bb72c6 removed class checks in favor of statement? 2009-12-17 21:10:49 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
d89ca33cdb number examples 2009-12-17 21:00:31 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
58ecfeb815 added exponential and hex numbers 2009-12-17 20:59:19 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
955d01a302 added a nice --watch mode to continually recompile or relint (or reprint) your coffeescripts 2009-12-17 20:37:39 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
f8a5f7595d cleanups getting underscore to compile 2009-12-17 10:33:57 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
9f33cf19ad added nice syntax errors 2009-12-17 10:04:43 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
6deb85e083 passing through values with line number information that look and act like Ruby natives 2009-12-17 09:37:42 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
9ad108281e cleaned up lexer in order to add line numbers 2009-12-17 09:29:49 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
cd0091c045 added the ability to super() 2009-12-17 09:07:42 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
01ecae2c55 allowing inner slashes in regexes 2009-12-17 08:29:19 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
cef4bcd756 supporting escaped quotes in strings 2009-12-17 08:26:46 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
ad50bd7154 supporting escaped quotes in strings 2009-12-17 08:26:20 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
b97f9cf5ec multiline strings 2009-12-17 08:23:17 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
2d65d3d73b multiline strings 2009-12-17 08:23:07 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
733a76fdba built the first gem -- works just fine 2009-12-16 23:10:03 -05:00
Jeremy Ashkenas
fd63698005 completely reorganized for a gem and the 'coffee-script' command 2009-12-16 22:42:53 -05:00
263 changed files with 6075 additions and 19412 deletions

4
.gitignore vendored
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@@ -1,6 +1,2 @@
presentation
test.coffee
parser.output
test/fixtures/underscore
examples/beautiful_code/parse.coffee
*.gem

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@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
fs: require 'fs'
coffee: require 'coffee-script'
# Run a CoffeeScript through our node/coffee interpreter.
run: (args) ->
proc: process.createChildProcess 'bin/coffee', args
proc.addListener 'error', (err) -> if err then puts err
task 'install', 'install CoffeeScript into /usr/local', ->
exec([
'mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/coffee-script'
'cp -rf bin lib LICENSE README package.json src vendor /usr/local/lib/coffee-script'
'ln -sf /usr/local/lib/coffee-script/lib/bin/coffee /usr/local/bin/coffee'
'ln -sf /usr/local/lib/coffee-script/lib/bin/cake /usr/local/bin/cake'
].join(' && '))
task 'build', 'build the CoffeeScript language from source', ->
fs.readdir 'src', (err, files) ->
files: 'src/' + file for file in files when file.match(/\.coffee$/)
run ['-o', 'lib'].concat(files)
task 'build:parser', 'rebuild the Jison parser (run build first)', ->
parser: require('grammar').parser
js: parser.generate()
parser_path: 'lib/parser.js'
fs.writeFile parser_path, js
task 'build:ultraviolet', 'build and install the Ultraviolet syntax highlighter', ->
exec('plist2syntax extras/CoffeeScript.tmbundle/Syntaxes/CoffeeScript.tmLanguage').addCallback ->
exec 'sudo mv coffeescript.yaml /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/ultraviolet-0.10.2/syntax/coffeescript.syntax'
task 'build:underscore', 'rebuild the Underscore.coffee documentation page', ->
exec 'uv -s coffeescript -t idle -h examples/underscore.coffee > documentation/underscore.html'
task 'test', 'run the CoffeeScript language test suite', ->
process.mixin require 'assert'
test_count: 0
start_time: new Date()
[original_ok, original_throws]: [ok, throws]
process.mixin {
ok: (args...) -> test_count += 1; original_ok(args...)
throws: (args...) -> test_count += 1; original_throws(args...)
}
process.addListener 'exit', ->
time: ((new Date() - start_time) / 1000).toFixed(2)
puts '\033[0;32mpassed ' + test_count + ' tests in ' + time + ' seconds\033[0m'
fs.readdir 'test', (err, files) ->
for file in files
fs.readFile 'test/' + file, (err, source) ->
js: coffee.compile source
process.compile js, file

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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
Copyright (c) 2010 Jeremy Ashkenas
Copyright (c) 2009 Jeremy Ashkenas
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation

13
README
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@@ -22,20 +22,17 @@
CoffeeScript is a little language that compiles into JavaScript.
Install Node.js, and then the CoffeeScript compiler:
sudo bin/cake install
Install the compiler:
gem install coffee-script
Compile a script:
coffee /path/to/script.coffee
coffee-script /path/to/script.cs
For documentation, usage, and examples, see:
http://coffeescript.org/
http://jashkenas.github.com/coffee-script/
To suggest a feature, report a bug, or general discussion:
To suggest a feature or report a bug:
http://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script/issues/
If you'd like to chat, drop by #coffeescript on Freenode.
The source repository:
git://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script.git

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@@ -2,10 +2,32 @@ require 'erb'
require 'fileutils'
require 'rake/testtask'
desc "Run all tests"
task :test do
$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.expand_path('test'))
require 'redgreen' if Gem.available?('redgreen')
require 'test/unit'
Dir['test/*/**/test_*.rb'].each {|test| require test }
end
namespace :build do
desc "Recompile the Racc parser (pass -v and -g for verbose debugging)"
task :parser, :extra_args do |t, args|
sh "racc #{args[:extra_args]} -o lib/coffee_script/parser.rb lib/coffee_script/grammar.y"
end
desc "Compile the Narwhal interface for --interactive and --run"
task :narwhal do
sh "bin/coffee-script lib/coffee_script/narwhal/*.cs -o lib/coffee_script/narwhal/js"
end
end
desc "Build the documentation page"
task :doc do
source = 'documentation/index.html.erb'
child = fork { exec "bin/coffee documentation/coffee/*.coffee -o documentation/js -w" }
child = fork { exec "bin/coffee-script documentation/cs/*.cs -o documentation/js -w" }
at_exit { Process.kill("INT", child) }
Signal.trap("INT") { exit }
loop do
@@ -18,3 +40,20 @@ task :doc do
sleep 1
end
end
namespace :gem do
desc 'Build and install the coffee-script gem'
task :install do
sh "gem build coffee-script.gemspec"
sh "sudo gem install #{Dir['*.gem'].join(' ')} --local --no-ri --no-rdoc"
end
desc 'Uninstall the coffee-script gem'
task :uninstall do
sh "sudo gem uninstall -x coffee-script"
end
end
task :default => :test

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@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
#!/usr/bin/env node
process.mixin(require('sys'));
require.paths.unshift('./lib');
require('cake').run();

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@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
#!/usr/bin/env node
process.mixin(require('sys'));
require.paths.unshift('./lib');
require('command_line').run();

5
bin/coffee-script Executable file
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/../lib/coffee_script/command_line.rb"
CoffeeScript::CommandLine.new

26
coffee-script.gemspec Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
Gem::Specification.new do |s|
s.name = 'coffee-script'
s.version = '0.1.3' # Keep version in sync with coffee-script.rb
s.date = '2009-12-25'
s.homepage = "http://jashkenas.github.com/coffee-script/"
s.summary = "The CoffeeScript Compiler"
s.description = <<-EOS
CoffeeScript is a little language that compiles into JavaScript. Think
of it as JavaScript's less ostentatious kid brother -- the same genes,
roughly the same height, but a different sense of style. Apart from a
handful of bonus goodies, statements in CoffeeScript correspond
one-to-one with their equivalent in JavaScript, it's just another
way of saying it.
EOS
s.authors = ['Jeremy Ashkenas']
s.email = 'jashkenas@gmail.com'
s.rubyforge_project = 'coffee-script'
s.has_rdoc = false
s.require_paths = ['lib']
s.executables = ['coffee-script']
s.files = Dir['bin/*', 'examples/*', 'lib/**/*', 'coffee-script.gemspec', 'LICENSE', 'README']
end

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@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
backwards: ->
alert arguments.reverse()
backwards "stairway", "to", "heaven"

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@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
# Eat lunch.
lunch: eat(food) for food in ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine']
# Naive collision detection.
for roid in asteroids
for roid2 in asteroids when roid isnt roid2
roid.explode() if roid.overlaps roid2

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@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
process.mixin require 'assert'
task 'test', 'run each of the unit tests', ->
for test in test_files
fs.readFile test, (err, code) -> eval coffee.compile code

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@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
cholesterol: 127
healthy: 200 > cholesterol > 60

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@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
mood: greatly_improved if singing
if happy and knows_it
claps_hands()
cha_cha_cha()
date: if friday then sue else jill
expensive ||= do_the_math()

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@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
solipsism: true if mind? and not world?
speed ?= 140

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@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
grade: (student) ->
if student.excellent_work
"A+"
else if student.okay_stuff
if student.tried_hard then "B" else "B-"
else
"C"
eldest: if 24 > 21 then "Liz" else "Ike"

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@@ -1 +0,0 @@
six: (one: 1) + (two: 2) + (three: 3)

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@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
# The first ten global properties.
globals: (name for name of window)[0...10]

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@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
alert(
try
nonexistent / undefined
catch error
"And the error is ... " + error
)

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@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
Account: (customer, cart) ->
@customer: customer
@cart: cart
$('.shopping_cart').bind 'click', (event) =>
@customer.purchase @cart

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@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
square: (x) -> x * x
cube: (x) -> square(x) * x

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@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
html: '''
<strong>
cup of coffeescript
</strong>
'''

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@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
weather_report: (location) ->
# Make an Ajax request to fetch the weather...
[location, 72, "Mostly Sunny"]
[city, temp, forecast]: weather_report "Berkeley, CA"

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@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
years_old: {max: 10, ida: 9, tim: 11}
ages: for child, age of years_old
child + " is " + age

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@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
futurists: {
sculptor: "Umberto Boccioni"
painter: "Vladimir Burliuk"
poet: {
name: "F.T. Marinetti"
address: [
"Via Roma 42R"
"Bellagio, Italy 22021"
]
}
}
{poet: {name: poet, address: [street, city]}}: futurists

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@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
bait: 1000
and_switch: 0
[bait, and_switch]: [and_switch, bait]

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@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
countdown: num for num in [10..1]
egg_delivery: ->
for i in [0...eggs.length] by 12
dozen_eggs: eggs[i...i+12]
deliver new egg_carton(dozen)

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@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
num: 1
change_numbers: ->
new_num: -1
num: 10
new_num: change_numbers()

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@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
numbers: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
three_to_six: numbers[3..6]
numbers_copy: numbers[0...numbers.length]

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@@ -1 +0,0 @@
lottery.draw_winner()?.address?.zipcode

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@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
gold: silver: the_field: "unknown"
award_medals: (first, second, rest...) ->
gold: first
silver: second
the_field: rest
contenders: [
"Michael Phelps"
"Liu Xiang"
"Yao Ming"
"Allyson Felix"
"Shawn Johnson"
"Roman Sebrle"
"Guo Jingjing"
"Tyson Gay"
"Asafa Powell"
"Usain Bolt"
]
award_medals contenders...
alert "Gold: " + gold
alert "Silver: " + silver
alert "The Field: " + the_field

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@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
numbers: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
numbers[3..6]: [-3, -4, -5, -6]

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@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
Animal: ->
Animal::move: (meters) ->
alert @name + " moved " + meters + "m."
Snake: (name) ->
@name: name
this
Snake extends Animal
Snake::move: ->
alert "Slithering..."
super 5
Horse: (name) ->
@name: name
this
Horse extends Animal
Horse::move: ->
alert "Galloping..."
super 45
sam: new Snake "Sammy the Python"
tom: new Horse "Tommy the Palomino"
sam.move()
tom.move()

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@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
switch day
when "Mon" then go_to_work()
when "Tue" then go_to_the_park()
when "Thu" then go_ice_fishing()
when "Fri", "Sat"
if day is bingo_day
go_to_bingo()
go_dancing()
when "Sun" then go_to_church()
else go_to_work()

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@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
# Econ 101
if this.studying_economics
while supply > demand then buy()
while supply < demand then sell()
# Nursery Rhyme
num: 6
lyrics: while num -= 1
num + " little monkeys, jumping on the bed.
One fell out and bumped his head."

View File

@@ -4,6 +4,4 @@ volume: 10 if band isnt spinal_tap
let_the_wild_rumpus_begin() unless answer is no
if car.speed < speed_limit then accelerate()
print "My name is " + @name
if car.speed < speed_limit then accelerate().

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
# Eat lunch.
lunch: food.eat() for food in ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine'].
# Zebra-stripe a table.
highlight(row) for row, i in table if i % 2 is 0.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
mood: greatly_improved if singing
if happy and knows_it
claps_hands()
cha_cha_cha().
date: if friday then sue else jill.
expensive ||: do_the_math()

View File

@@ -2,4 +2,3 @@ hi: `function() {
return [document.title, "Hello JavaScript"].join(": ");
}`

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
grade: student =>
if student.excellent_work
"A+"
else if student.okay_stuff
if student.tried_hard then "B" else "B-".
else
"C"..
eldest: if 24 > 21 then "Liz" else "Ike".

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
square: x => x * x.
cube: x => square(x) * x.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
# CoffeeScript on the left, JS on the right.
square: x => x * x.

View File

@@ -1,13 +1,6 @@
song: ["do", "re", "mi", "fa", "so"]
ages: {
max: 10
ida: 9
tim: 11
}
matrix: [
1, 0, 1
0, 0, 1
1, 1, 0
]
}

View File

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ opposite_day: true
number: -42 if opposite_day
# Functions:
square: (x) -> x * x
square: x => x * x.
# Arrays:
list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
@@ -15,15 +15,8 @@ list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
math: {
root: Math.sqrt
square: square
cube: (x) -> x * square x
cube: x => x * square(x).
}
# Splats:
race: (winner, runners...) ->
print winner, runners
# Existence:
alert "I knew it!" if elvis?
# Array comprehensions:
cubed_list: math.cube num for num in list
cubed_list: math.cube(num) for num in list.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
# Comments start with hash marks.
# Periods mark the end of a block.
left_hand: if raining then umbrella else parasol.
# To signal the beginning of the next expression,
# use "then", or a newline.
left_hand: if raining
umbrella
else
parasol.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
num: 1
change_numbers: =>
num: 2
new_num: 3.
new_num: change_numbers()

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
nums: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
three_to_six: nums[3, 6]

View File

@@ -5,4 +5,3 @@ to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail
about a little and see the watery part of the
world..."

25
documentation/cs/super.cs Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
Animal: => .
Animal.prototype.move: meters =>
alert(this.name + " moved " + meters + "m.").
Snake: name => this.name: name.
Snake extends new Animal()
Snake.prototype.move: =>
alert("Slithering...")
super(5).
Horse: name => this.name: name.
Horse extends new Animal()
Horse.prototype.move: =>
alert("Galloping...")
super(45).
sam: new Snake("Sammy the Python")
tom: new Horse("Tommy the Palomino")
sam.move()
tom.move()

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
switch day
when "Tuesday" then eat_breakfast()
when "Wednesday" then go_to_the_park()
when "Saturday"
if day is bingo_day
go_to_bingo()
go_dancing().
when "Sunday" then go_to_church()
else go_to_work().

View File

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ try
all_hell_breaks_loose()
cats_and_dogs_living_together()
catch error
print error
print(error)
finally
clean_up()
clean_up().

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
while demand > supply
sell()
restock().
while supply > demand then buy().

147
documentation/css/amy.css Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
pre.amy .PolymorphicVariants {
color: #60B0FF;
font-style: italic;
}
pre.amy .KeywordDecorator {
color: #D0D0FF;
}
pre.amy .Punctuation {
color: #805080;
}
pre.amy .InheritedClass {
}
pre.amy .InvalidDepricated {
background-color: #CC66FF;
color: #200020;
}
pre.amy .LibraryVariable {
}
pre.amy .TokenReferenceOcamlyacc {
color: #3CB0D0;
}
pre.amy .Storage {
color: #B0FFF0;
}
pre.amy .KeywordOperator {
color: #A0A0FF;
}
pre.amy .CharacterConstant {
color: #666666;
}
pre.amy .line-numbers {
background-color: #800000;
color: #000000;
}
pre.amy .ClassName {
color: #70E080;
}
pre.amy .Int64Constant {
font-style: italic;
}
pre.amy .NonTerminalReferenceOcamlyacc {
color: #C0F0F0;
}
pre.amy .TokenDefinitionOcamlyacc {
color: #3080A0;
}
pre.amy .ClassType {
color: #70E0A0;
}
pre.amy .ControlKeyword {
color: #80A0FF;
}
pre.amy .LineNumberDirectives {
text-decoration: underline;
color: #C080C0;
}
pre.amy .FloatingPointConstant {
text-decoration: underline;
}
pre.amy .Int32Constant {
font-weight: bold;
}
pre.amy .TagName {
color: #009090;
}
pre.amy .ModuleTypeDefinitions {
text-decoration: underline;
color: #B000B0;
}
pre.amy .Integer {
color: #7090B0;
}
pre.amy .Camlp4TempParser {
}
pre.amy .InvalidIllegal {
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFFF00;
color: #400080;
}
pre.amy .LibraryConstant {
background-color: #200020;
}
pre.amy .ModuleDefinitions {
color: #B000B0;
}
pre.amy .Variants {
color: #60B0FF;
}
pre.amy .CompilerDirectives {
color: #C080C0;
}
pre.amy .FloatingPointInfixOperator {
text-decoration: underline;
}
pre.amy .BuiltInConstant1 {
}
pre.amy {
background-color: #200020;
color: #D0D0FF;
}
pre.amy .FunctionArgument {
color: #80B0B0;
}
pre.amy .FloatingPointPrefixOperator {
text-decoration: underline;
}
pre.amy .NativeintConstant {
font-weight: bold;
}
pre.amy .BuiltInConstant {
color: #707090;
}
pre.amy .BooleanConstant {
color: #8080A0;
}
pre.amy .LibraryClassType {
}
pre.amy .TagAttribute {
}
pre.amy .Keyword {
color: #A080FF;
}
pre.amy .UserDefinedConstant {
}
pre.amy .String {
color: #999999;
}
pre.amy .Camlp4Code {
background-color: #350060;
}
pre.amy .NonTerminalDefinitionOcamlyacc {
color: #90E0E0;
}
pre.amy .FunctionName {
color: #50A0A0;
}
pre.amy .SupportModules {
color: #A00050;
}
pre.amy .Variable {
color: #008080;
}
pre.amy .Comment {
background-color: #200020;
color: #404080;
font-style: italic;
}

View File

@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
body {
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 20px;
background: #f3f3f9;
color: #191933;
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}
div.container {
width: 950px;
margin: 100px 0 50px 50px;
width: 850px;
margin: 50px 0 50px 50px;
}
p {
padding-left: 13px;
width: 625px;
}
a {
color: #000055;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
padding-left: 13px;
margin-top: 40px;
}
br.clear {
height: 0;
clear: both;
}
ul {
padding-left: 20px;
}
b.header {
color: #000055;
display: block;
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ b.header {
font-size: 16px;
}
li {
margin-bottom: 10px;
margin-bottom: 7px;
}
table {
margin: 16px 0 0 13px; padding: 0;
@@ -43,13 +43,11 @@ table {
td {
padding: 9px 15px 9px 0;
}
code, pre, tt, textarea {
code, pre, tt {
font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Lucida Console", monospace;
font-size: 12px;
line-height: 18px;
color: #191955;
white-space: pre-wrap;
word-wrap: break-word;
}
tt {
background: #f8f8ff;
@@ -66,7 +64,7 @@ code, pre, tt, textarea {
div.code {
position: relative;
border: 1px solid #cacaca;
background: #fafaff;
background: #fff;
padding: 7px 0 10px 0;
-moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; border-radius: 5px;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 7px #cacaca;
@@ -75,133 +73,13 @@ div.code {
position: absolute;
right: 8px; bottom: 8px;
}
div.code pre, div.code textarea {
div.code pre {
float: left;
width: 450px;
background: #fafaff;
width: 410px;
border-left: 1px dotted #559;
padding: 0 0 0 12px;
margin: 0;
}
div.code pre:first-child {
border-left: 0;
}
#fadeout {
z-index: 50;
position: fixed;
left: 0; top: 0; right: 0;
height: 100px;
background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(255, 255, 255, 255)), to(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)));
background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255, 255, 255, 255), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0));
}
#flybar {
position: fixed;
z-index: 100;
height: 50px;
left: 40px; right: 40px; top: 25px;
background: #ddd;
padding-left: 235px;
background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#f5f5f5), to(#d0d0d0));
background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #f5f5f5, #d0d0d0);
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(GradientType=0, StartColorStr='#F5F5F5', EndColorStr='#D0D0D0');
-webkit-border-radius: 20px; -moz-border-radius: 20px; border-radius: 20px;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 25px #777; -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 25px #777;
}
#logo {
display: block;
width: 215px; height: 50px;
background: url('logo.png');
position: absolute;
top: 0px; left: 10px;
}
.navigation {
height: 50px;
font: bold 11px/50px Arial;
text-transform: uppercase;
position: relative;
float: left;
padding: 0 20px;
border: 1px solid #bbb;
border-top: 0; border-bottom: 0;
cursor: pointer;
}
.navigation.try {
border-left: 0;
}
.navigation:hover {
background: #d0d0d0;
background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#f0f0f0), to(#c0c0c0));
background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #f0f0f0, #c0c0c0);
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(GradientType=0, StartColorStr='#F0F0F0', EndColorStr='#C0C0C0');
}
.navigation .contents {
display: none;
position: absolute;
background: #fff;
top: 50px; left: 0;
padding: 5px 0;
-webkit-border-radius: 5px; -moz-border-radius: 5px; border-radius: 5px;
-webkit-border-top-left-radius: 0; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 0;
-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 0; -moz-border-radius-topright: 0;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 25px #777; -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 25px #777;
}
.navigation:hover .contents {
display: block;
}
.navigation .contents.repl_wrapper {
left: -162px;
width: 700px;
padding: 0;
}
.navigation .contents.repl_wrapper .code {
-webkit-box-shadow: none; -moz-box-shadow: none;
background: transparent;
border: 0;
}
.navigation .code button {
bottom: 10px;
}
.navigation .compile {
left: 240px; right: auto;
}
.navigation .contents a {
display: block;
width: 300px;
text-transform: none;
text-decoration: none;
font-weight: normal;
height: 12px;
line-height: 12px;
padding: 4px 10px;
}
.navigation .contents a:hover {
background: #f0f0f0;
}
.bookmark {
display: block;
width: 0; height: 0;
position: relative;
top: -90px;
}
#repl_source, #repl_results {
background: transparent;
}
#repl_source {
border: 0;
padding: 5px 7px;
margin-left: 5px;
min-height: 250px;
resize: none;
width: 295px;
}
#repl_results {
font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Lucida Console", monospace;
text-transform: none;
font-weight: normal;
min-height: 260px;
width: 355px;
}
}

View File

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ pre.idle .LibraryConstant {
color: #A535AE;
}
pre.idle .FunctionArgument {
color: #0076ad;
}
pre.idle .BuiltInConstant {
color: #A535AE;

Binary file not shown.

Before

Width:  |  Height:  |  Size: 5.9 KiB

View File

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
def code_for(file, executable=false)
@stripper ||= /(\A\(function\(\)\{\n|\}\)\(\);\Z|^ )/
return '' unless File.exists?("documentation/js/#{file}.js")
cs = File.read("documentation/coffee/#{file}.coffee")
cs = File.read("documentation/cs/#{file}.cs")
js = File.read("documentation/js/#{file}.js").gsub(@stripper, '')
cshtml = Uv.parse(cs, 'xhtml', 'coffeescript', false, 'idle', false)
jshtml = Uv.parse(js, 'xhtml', 'javascript', false, 'idle', false)
@@ -25,66 +25,9 @@
</head>
<body>
<div id="fadeout"></div>
<div id="flybar">
<a id="logo" href="#top"> </a>
<div class="navigation">
<div class="button">
Table of Contents
</div>
<div class="contents">
<a href="#overview">Mini Overview</a>
<a href="#installation">Installation and Usage</a>
<a href="#language">Language Reference</a>
<a href="#whitespace">Significant Whitespace</a>
<a href="#functions">Functions and Invocation</a>
<a href="#assignment">Assignment</a>
<a href="#objects_and_arrays">Objects and Arrays</a>
<a href="#lexical_scope">Lexical Scoping and Variable Safety</a>
<a href="#conditionals">Conditionals, Ternaries, and Conditional Assignment</a>
<a href="#aliases">Aliases</a>
<a href="#splats">Splats...</a>
<a href="#arguments">Arguments are Arrays</a>
<a href="#while">While Loops</a>
<a href="#comprehensions">Comprehensions (Arrays, Objects, and Ranges)</a>
<a href="#slice_splice">Array Slicing and Splicing with Ranges</a>
<a href="#expressions">Everything is an Expression</a>
<a href="#existence">The Existential Operator</a>
<a href="#inheritance">Inheritance, and Calling Super from a Subclass</a>
<a href="#pattern_matching">Pattern Matching</a>
<a href="#fat_arrow">Function Binding</a>
<a href="#embedded">Embedded JavaScript</a>
<a href="#switch">Switch/When/Else</a>
<a href="#try">Try/Catch/Finally</a>
<a href="#comparisons">Chained Comparisons</a>
<a href="#strings">Multiline Strings and Heredocs</a>
<a href="#cake">Cake, and Cakefiles</a>
<a href="#resources">Resources</a>
<a href="#change_log">Change Log</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navigation try">
<div class="button">
Try CoffeeScript
</div>
<div class="contents repl_wrapper">
<div class="code">
<textarea id="repl_source">reverse: (string) ->
string.split('').reverse().join ''
alert reverse '!tpircseeffoC'</textarea>
<pre id="repl_results"></pre>
<button class="compile" onclick="javascript: repl_compile();">compile</button>
<button class="run" onclick="javascript: repl_run();">run</button>
<br class="clear" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<span class="bookmark" id="top"></span>
<h1><sub style="font-size: 100px;">&#9749;</sub> CoffeeScript</h1>
<p>
CoffeeScript is a little language that compiles into JavaScript. Think
@@ -96,8 +39,9 @@ alert reverse '!tpircseeffoC'</textarea>
<p>
<b>Disclaimer:</b>
CoffeeScript is just for fun. Until it reaches 1.0, <i>there are no guarantees
that the syntax won't change between versions.</i> That said,
CoffeeScript is just for fun and seriously alpha. I'm sure that there are still
plenty of holes in the lexer and leaks in the syntax. <i>There is no guarantee,
explicit or implied, of its suitability for any purpose.</i> That said,
it compiles into clean JavaScript (the good parts) that can use existing
JavaScript libraries seamlessly, and passes through
<a href="http://www.jslint.com/">JSLint</a> without warnings. The compiled
@@ -105,64 +49,54 @@ alert reverse '!tpircseeffoC'</textarea>
preserved intact.
</p>
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<p>
<b>Latest Version:</b>
<a href="http://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script/tarball/0.5.0">0.5.0</a>
<a href="#overview">Mini Overview</a><br />
<a href="#installation">Installation and Usage</a><br />
<a href="#punctuation">Punctuation Primer</a><br />
<a href="#functions">Functions and Invocation</a><br />
<a href="#assignment">Assignment</a><br />
<a href="#objects_and_arrays">Objects and Arrays</a><br />
<a href="#lexical_scope">Lexical Scoping and Variable Safety</a><br />
<a href="#conditionals">Conditionals, Ternaries, and Conditional Assignment</a><br />
<a href="#expressions">Everything is an Expression</a><br />
<a href="#aliases">Aliases</a><br />
<a href="#while">While Loops</a><br />
<a href="#array_comprehensions">Array Comprehensions</a><br />
<a href="#slice">Array Slice Literals</a><br />
<a href="#inheritance">Inheritance, and Calling Super from a Subclass</a><br />
<a href="#embedded">Embedded JavaScript</a><br />
<a href="#switch">Switch/When/Else</a><br />
<a href="#try">Try/Catch/Finally</a><br />
<a href="#strings">Multiline Strings</a><br />
<a href="#contributing">Contributing</a><br />
<a href="#change_log">Change Log</a><br />
</p>
<h2>
<span id="overview" class="bookmark"></span>
Mini Overview
</h2>
<h2 id="overview">Mini Overview</h2>
<p><i>CoffeeScript on the left, compiled JavaScript output on the right.</i></p>
<%= code_for('overview', 'cubed_list') %>
<p>
For a longer CoffeeScript example, check out
<a href="documentation/underscore.html">Underscore.coffee</a>, a port
of the <a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/">Underscore.js</a>
library of helper functions. Underscore.coffee can pass the entire Underscore.js
test suite. The CoffeeScript version is faster than the original for a number
of methods (in general, due to the speed of CoffeeScript's array comprehensions), and
after being minified and gzipped, is only 241 bytes larger than the original
JavaScript version.
Additional examples are included in the source repository, inside the
<a href="http://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script/tree/master/examples/">examples</a> folder.
</p>
<h2>
<span id="installation" class="bookmark"></span>
Installation and Usage
</h2>
<h2 id="installation">Installation and Usage</h2>
<p>
The CoffeeScript compiler is written in pure CoffeeScript, and is available
as a <a href="http://nodejs.org/">Node.js</a> utility. The core compiler however,
does not depend on Node, and can be run in other server-side-JavaScript environments,
or in the browser (see "Try CoffeeScript", above).
</p>
<p>
To install, first make sure you have a working version of
<a href="http://nodejs.org/">Node.js</a>, 0.1.30 or higher. Then clone the CoffeeScript
<a href="http://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script">source repository</a>
from GitHub, or download the latest
release: <a href="http://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script/tarball/0.5.0">0.5.0</a>.
To install the CoffeeScript compiler system-wide
under <tt>/usr/local</tt>, open the directory and run:
The CoffeeScript compiler is written in pure Ruby, and is available
as a Ruby Gem.
</p>
<pre>
sudo bin/cake install</pre>
gem install coffee-script</pre>
<p>
This provides the <tt>coffee</tt> command, which can
be used to compile CoffeeScript <tt>.coffee</tt> files into JavaScript, as
well as debug them. The <tt>coffee</tt>
command also provides direct evaluation and an interactive REPL.
When compiling to JavaScript, <tt>coffee</tt> writes the output
Installing the gem provides the <tt>coffee-script</tt> command, which can
be used to compile CoffeeScript <tt>.cs</tt> files into JavaScript, as
well as debug them. In conjunction with
<a href="http://narwhaljs.org/">Narwhal</a>, the <tt>coffee-script</tt>
command also provides direct evaluation and an interactive REPL.
When compiling to JavaScript, <tt>coffee-script</tt> writes the output
as <tt>.js</tt> files in the same directory by default, but output
can be customized with the following options:
</p>
@@ -171,14 +105,15 @@ sudo bin/cake install</pre>
<tr>
<td width="25%"><code>-i, --interactive</code></td>
<td>
Launch an interactive CoffeeScript session to try short snippets.
Launch an interactive CoffeeScript session.
Requires <a href="http://narwhaljs.org/">Narwhal</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>-r, --run</code></td>
<td>
Compile and execute a given CoffeeScript without saving the intermediate
JavaScript.
Compile and execute the CoffeeScripts without saving the intermediate
JavaScript. Requires <a href="http://narwhaljs.org/">Narwhal</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
@@ -204,9 +139,7 @@ sudo bin/cake install</pre>
<tr>
<td><code>-l, --lint</code></td>
<td>
If the <tt>jsl</tt>
(<a href="http://www.javascriptlint.com/">JavaScript Lint</a>)
command is installed, use it
If the <tt>jsl</tt> (JavaScript Lint) command is installed, use it
to check the compilation of a CoffeeScript file. (Handy in
conjunction with <tt>--watch</tt>)
</td>
@@ -215,36 +148,36 @@ sudo bin/cake install</pre>
<td><code>-e, --eval</code></td>
<td>
Compile and print a little snippet of CoffeeScript directly from the
command line. For example:<br /><tt>coffee -e "square: (x) -> x * x"</tt>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>-n, --no-wrap</code></td>
<td>
Compile the JavaScript without the top-level function safety wrapper.
(Used for CoffeeScript as a Node.js module.)
command line (or from <b>stdin</b>). For example:<br /><tt>coffee-script -e "square: x => x * x."</tt>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>-t, --tokens</code></td>
<td>
Instead of parsing the CoffeeScript, just lex it, and print out the
token stream: <tt>[IDENTIFIER square] [ASSIGN :] [PARAM_START (]</tt> ...
token stream: <tt>[:IDENTIFIER, "square"], [":", ":"], [:PARAM, "x"]</tt> ...
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>-tr, --tree</code></td>
<td><code>-v, --verbose</code></td>
<td>
Instead of compiling the CoffeeScript, just lex and parse it, and print
out the parse tree:
<pre>
Expressions
Assign
Value "square"
Code "x"
Op *
Value "x"
Value "x"</pre>
As the JavaScript is being generated, print out every step of code
generation, including lexical scope and the node in the
AST.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>-n, --no-wrap</code></td>
<td>
Compile the JavaScript without the top-level function safety wrapper
or var declarations, for situations where you want to add every
variable to global scope.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>--install-bundle</code></td>
<td>
Install the TextMate bundle for CoffeeScript syntax highlighting.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
@@ -254,15 +187,11 @@ sudo bin/cake install</pre>
</p>
<pre>
coffee path/to/script.coffee
coffee --interactive
coffee --watch --lint experimental.coffee
coffee --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
coffee-script path/to/script.cs
coffee-script --watch --lint experimental.cs
coffee-script --print app/scripts/*.cs > concatenation.js</pre>
<h2>
<span id="language" class="bookmark"></span>
Language Reference
</h2>
<h2>Language Reference</h2>
<p>
<i>
@@ -274,77 +203,43 @@ coffee --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
</i>
</p>
<p>
<i>
Many of the examples can be run (where it makes sense) by pressing the "run"
button towards the bottom right. You can also paste examples into
"Try CoffeeScript" in the toolbar, and play with them from there.
</i>
<p>
<span id="whitespace" class="bookmark"></span>
<b class="header">Significant Whitespace</b>
CoffeeScript uses Python-style significant whitespace: You don't need to
use semicolons <tt>;</tt> to terminate expressions, ending
the line will do just as well. Semicolons can still be used to fit
multiple expressions onto a single line. Instead of using curly braces
<tt>{ }</tt> to delimit blocks of code (like <a href="#functions">functions</a>,
<p id="punctuation">
<b class="header">Punctuation Primer</b>
You don't need to use semicolons <tt>;</tt> to terminate expressions, ending
the line will do just as well. All other whitespace is
not significant. Instead of using curly braces <tt>{ }</tt>
to delimit a block of code, use a period <tt>.</tt> to mark the end of a
block, for
<a href="#functions">functions</a>,
<a href="#conditionals">if-statements</a>,
<a href="#switch">switch</a>, and <a href="#try">try/catch</a>),
use indentation.
<a href="#switch">switch</a>, and <a href="#try">try/catch</a>.
</p>
<p>
You don't need to use parentheses to invoke a function if you're passing
arguments:<br /><tt>print "coffee"</tt>
</p>
<p>
You can use newlines to break up your expression into smaller pieces,
as long as CoffeeScript can determine that the line hasn't finished yet,
because it ends with an operator or a dot.
</p>
<p>
<span id="functions" class="bookmark"></span>
<p id="functions">
<b class="header">Functions and Invocation</b>
Functions are defined by a list of parameters, an arrow, and the
function body. The empty function looks like this: <tt>-></tt> All
functions in CoffeeScript are named by default, for easier debugging.
function body. The empty function looks like this: <tt>=>.</tt>
</p>
<%= code_for('functions', 'cube(5)') %>
<p>
If you'd like to assign a function literal to a variable, but not have
it be named, just wrap the function definition in parentheses:
<tt>((x) -> x * x)</tt>
</p>
<p>
<span id="assignment" class="bookmark"></span>
<p id="assignment">
<b class="header">Assignment</b>
Use a colon <tt>:</tt> to assign, as in
<a href="http://json.org">JSON</a>. Equal signs are only needed for
mathy things. While colons are preferred, the two may be used interchangeably,
even within object literals.
mathy things.
</p>
<%= code_for('assignment', 'greeting') %>
<p>
All declaration of new variables is pushed up to the top of the nearest
lexical scope, so that assignment may always be performed within expressions.
</p>
<p>
<span id="objects_and_arrays" class="bookmark"></span>
<p id="objects_and_arrays">
<b class="header">Objects and Arrays</b>
Object and Array literals look very similar to their JavaScript cousins.
When you spread out each assignment on a separate line, the commas are
optional. In this way, assigning object properties looks the same as
assigning local variables, and can be moved around freely. Feel free to mix
and match the two styles.
assigning local variables.
</p>
<%= code_for('objects_and_arrays', 'song.join(",")') %>
<p>
<span id="lexical_scope" class="bookmark"></span>
<p id="lexical_scope">
<b class="header">Lexical Scoping and Variable Safety</b>
The CoffeeScript compiler takes care to make sure that all of your variables
are properly declared within lexical scope &mdash; you never need to write
@@ -352,12 +247,10 @@ coffee --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
</p>
<%= code_for('scope', 'new_num') %>
<p>
Notice how the all of the variable declarations have been pushed up to
the top of the closest scope, the first time they appear.
<b>num</b> is not redeclared within the inner function, because it's
already in scope; the <b>new_num</b> within the function, on the other hand,
should not be able to change the value of the external variable of the same name, and
therefore has a declaration of its own.
Notice how the variables are declared with <tt>var</tt> the first time
they appear. The second reference of <b>num</b>, within the function,
is not redeclared because <b>num</b> is still in scope. As opposed
to the second occurrence of <b>new_num</b>, in the last line.
</p>
<p>
Although suppressed within this documentation for clarity, all
@@ -366,21 +259,13 @@ coffee --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
automatic generation of the <tt>var</tt> keyword, make it exceedingly difficult
to pollute the global namespace by accident.
</p>
<p>
If you'd like to create top-level variables for other scripts to use,
attach them as properties on <b>window</b>, or on the <b>exports</b>
object in CommonJS. The <b>existential operator</b> (below), gives you a
reliable way to figure out where to add them, if you're targeting both
CommonJS and the browser: <tt>root: exports ? this</tt>
</p>
<p>
<span id="conditionals" class="bookmark"></span>
<p id="conditionals">
<b class="header">Conditionals, Ternaries, and Conditional Assignment</b>
<b>If/else</b> statements can be written without the use of parentheses and
curly brackets. As with functions and other block expressions,
multi-line conditionals are delimited by indentation. There's also a handy
postfix form, with the <tt>if</tt> or <tt>unless</tt> at the end.
<b>If/else</b> statements can be written without the use of parenthesis and
curly brackets. As with functions and other block expressions, conditionals
are closed with periods. No period is necessary when using the single-line
postfix form, with the <tt>if</tt> at the end.
</p>
<p>
CoffeeScript will compile <b>if</b> statements using the ternary operator
@@ -388,14 +273,28 @@ coffee --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
</p>
<%= code_for('conditionals') %>
<p>
The conditional assignment operators are included: <tt>||=</tt>,
The conditional assignment operators are available: <tt>||:</tt>,
which only assigns a value to a variable if the variable's current value
is falsy, and <tt>&amp;&amp;=</tt>, which only replaces the value of
is falsy, and <tt>&amp;&amp;:</tt>, which only replaces the value of
truthy variables.
</p>
<p id="expressions">
<b class="header">Everything is an Expression (at least, as much as possible)</b>
You might have noticed how even though we don't add return statements
to CoffeeScript functions, they nonetheless return their final value.
The CoffeeScript compiler tries to make sure that all statements in the
language can be used as expressions. Watch how the <tt>return</tt> gets
pushed down into each possible branch of execution, in the function
below.
</p>
<%= code_for('expressions', 'eldest') %>
<p>
<span id="aliases" class="bookmark"></span>
The same mechanism is used to push down assignment through <b>switch</b>
statements, and <b>if-elses</b> (although the ternary operator is preferred).
</p>
<p id="aliases">
<b class="header">Aliases</b>
Because the <tt>==</tt> operator frequently causes undesirable coercion,
is intransitive, and has a different meaning than in other languages,
@@ -423,40 +322,13 @@ coffee --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
<p>
For single-line statements, <tt>unless</tt> can be used as the inverse of <tt>if</tt>.
</p>
<p>
As a shortcut for <tt>this.property</tt>, you can use <tt>@property</tt>.
</p>
<%= code_for('aliases') %>
<p>
<span id="splats" class="bookmark"></span>
<b class="header">Splats...</b>
The JavaScript <b>arguments object</b> is a useful way to work with
functions that accept variable numbers of arguments. CoffeeScript provides
splats <tt>...</tt>, both for function definition as well as invocation,
making variable numbers of arguments a little bit more palatable.
</p>
<%= code_for('splats', true) %>
<p>
<span id="arguments" class="bookmark"></span>
<b class="header">Arguments are Arrays</b>
If you reference the <b>arguments object</b> directly, it will be converted
into a real Array, making all of the
<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Core_JavaScript_1.5_Reference/Objects/Array">Array methods</a>
available.
</p>
<%= code_for('arguments', true) %>
<p>
<span id="while" class="bookmark"></span>
<p id="while">
<b class="header">While Loops</b>
The only low-level loop that CoffeeScript provides is the <b>while</b> loop. The
main difference from JavaScript is that the <b>while</b> loop can be used
as an expression, returning an array containing the result of each iteration
through the loop.
The only low-level loop that CoffeeScript provides is the while loop.
</p>
<%= code_for('while', 'lyrics.join("\n")') %>
<%= code_for('while') %>
<p>
Other JavaScript loops, such as <b>for</b> loops and <b>do-while</b> loops
can be mimicked by variations on <b>while</b>, but the hope is that you
@@ -464,9 +336,8 @@ coffee --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
<b>each</b> (<b>forEach</b>) style iterators, or...
</p>
<p>
<span id="comprehensions" class="bookmark"></span>
<b class="header">Comprehensions (Arrays, Objects, and Ranges)</b>
<p id="array_comprehensions">
<b class="header">Array Comprehensions</b>
For your looping needs, CoffeeScript provides array comprehensions
similar to Python's. They replace (and compile into) <b>for</b> loops, with
optional guard clauses and the value of the current array index.
@@ -475,109 +346,16 @@ coffee --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
would use a loop, <b>each</b>/<b>forEach</b>, <b>map</b>, or <b>select</b>/<b>filter</b>.
</p>
<%= code_for('array_comprehensions') %>
<p>
If you know the start and end of your loop, or would like to step through
in fixed-size increments, you can use a range to specify the start and
end of your comprehension. (The long line-breaking "for" definitions in
the compiled JS below allow ranges to count downwards, as well as upwards).
</p>
<%= code_for('range_comprehensions', 'countdown') %>
<p>
Comprehensions can also be used to iterate over the keys and values in
an object. Use <tt>of</tt> to signal comprehension over the properties of
an object instead of the values in an array.
</p>
<%= code_for('object_comprehensions', 'ages.join(", ")') %>
<p>
<span id="slice_splice" class="bookmark"></span>
<b class="header">Array Slicing and Splicing with Ranges</b>
CoffeeScript borrows Ruby's
<a href="http://ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Range.html">range syntax</a>
for extracting slices of arrays. With two dots (<tt>3..5</tt>), the range
is inclusive: the first argument is the index of the first element in
the slice, and the second is the index of the last one. Three dots signify
a range that excludes the end.
<p id="slice">
<b class="header">Array Slice Literals</b>
CoffeeScript includes syntax for extracting slices of arrays.
The first argument is the index of the first element in the slice, and
the second is the index of the last one.
</p>
<%= code_for('slices', 'numbers_copy') %>
<p>
The same syntax can be used with assignment to replace a segment of an
array with new values (to splice it).
</p>
<%= code_for('splices', 'numbers') %>
<%= code_for('slices', 'three_to_six') %>
<p>
<span id="expressions" class="bookmark"></span>
<b class="header">Everything is an Expression (at least, as much as possible)</b>
You might have noticed how even though we don't add return statements
to CoffeeScript functions, they nonetheless return their final value.
The CoffeeScript compiler tries to make sure that all statements in the
language can be used as expressions. Watch how the <tt>return</tt> gets
pushed down into each possible branch of execution, in the function
below.
</p>
<%= code_for('expressions', 'eldest') %>
<p>
Even though functions will always return their final value, it's both possible
and encouraged to return early from a function body writing out the explicit
return (<tt>return value</tt>), when you know that you're done.
</p>
<p>
Because variable declarations occur at the top of scope, assignment can
be used within expressions, even for variables that haven't been seen before:
</p>
<%= code_for('expressions_assignment', 'six') %>
<p>
Things that would otherwise be statements in JavaScript, when used
as part of an expression in CoffeeScript, are converted into expressions
by wrapping them in a closure. This lets you do useful things, like assign
the result of a comprehension to a variable:
</p>
<%= code_for('expressions_comprehension', 'globals') %>
<p>
As well as silly things, like passing a <b>try/catch</b> statement directly
into a function call:
</p>
<%= code_for('expressions_try', true) %>
<p>
There are a handful of statements in JavaScript that can't be meaningfully
converted into expressions, namely <tt>break</tt>, <tt>continue</tt>,
and <tt>return</tt>. If you make use of them within a block of code,
CoffeeScript won't try to perform the conversion.
</p>
<p>
<span id="existence" class="bookmark"></span>
<b class="header">The Existential Operator</b>
It's a little difficult to check for the existence of a variable in
JavaScript. <tt>if (variable) ...</tt> comes close, but fails for zero,
the empty string, and false. CoffeeScript's existential operator <tt>?</tt> returns true unless
a variable is <b>null</b> or <b>undefined</b>, which makes it analogous
to Ruby's <tt>nil?</tt>
</p>
<p>
It can also be used for safer conditional assignment than <tt>||=</tt>
provides, for cases where you may be handling numbers or strings.
</p>
<%= code_for('existence', 'speed') %>
<p>
The accessor variant of the existential operator <tt>?.</tt> can be used to soak
up null references in a chain of properties. Use it instead
of the dot accessor <tt>.</tt> in cases where the base value may be <b>null</b>
or <b>undefined</b>. If all of the properties exist then you'll get the expected
result, if the chain is broken, <b>undefined</b> is returned instead of
the <b>TypeError</b> that would be raised otherwise.
</p>
<%= code_for('soaks') %>
<p>
Soaking up nulls is similar to Ruby's
<a href="http://andand.rubyforge.org/">andand gem</a>, and to the
<a href="http://groovy.codehaus.org/Operators#Operators-SafeNavigationOperator%28%3F.%29">safe navigation operator</a>
in Groovy.
</p>
<p>
<span id="inheritance" class="bookmark"></span>
<p id="inheritance">
<b class="header">Inheritance, and Calling Super from a Subclass</b>
JavaScript's prototypal inheritance has always been a bit of a
brain-bender, with a whole family tree of libraries that provide a cleaner
@@ -589,62 +367,21 @@ coffee --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
be completely usable if it weren't for a couple of small exceptions:
it's awkward to call <b>super</b> (the prototype object's
implementation of the current function), and it's awkward to correctly
set the prototype chain.
</p>
<p>
CoffeeScript provides <tt>extends</tt>
to help with prototype setup, <tt>::</tt> for quick access to an
object's prototype, and converts <tt>super()</tt> into a call against
the immediate ancestor's method of the same name.
set the prototype chain. CoffeeScript provides <tt>extends</tt>
to help with prototype setup, and converts
<tt>super()</tt> calls into calls against the immediate ancestor's
method of the same name.
</p>
<%= code_for('super', true) %>
<p>
<span id="pattern_matching" class="bookmark"></span>
<b class="header">Pattern Matching (Destructuring Assignment)</b>
To make extracting values from complex arrays and objects more convenient,
CoffeeScript implements ECMAScript Harmony's proposed
<a href="http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:destructuring">destructuring assignment</a>
syntax. When you assign an array or object literal to a value, CoffeeScript
breaks up and matches both sides against each other, assigning the values
on the right to the variables on the left. In the simplest case, it can be
used for parallel assignment:
</p>
<%= code_for('parallel_assignment', 'bait') %>
<p>
But it's also helpful for dealing with functions that return multiple
values.
</p>
<%= code_for('multiple_return_values', 'forecast') %>
<p>
Pattern matching can be used with any depth of array and object nesting,
to help pull out deeply nested properties.
</p>
<%= code_for('object_extraction', 'poet + " — " + street') %>
<p>
<span id="fat_arrow" class="bookmark"></span>
<b class="header">Function binding</b>
The fat arrow <tt>=></tt> can be used to both define a function, and to bind
it to the current value of <tt>this</tt>, right on the spot. This is helpful
when using callback-based libraries like Prototype or jQuery, for creating
iterator functions to pass to <tt>each</tt>, or event-handler functions
to use with <tt>bind</tt>. Functions created with the fat arrow are able to access
properties of the <tt>this</tt> where they're defined.
</p>
<%= code_for('fat_arrow') %>
<p>
<span id="embedded" class="bookmark"></span>
<p id="embedded">
<b class="header">Embedded JavaScript</b>
Hopefully, you'll never need to use it, but if you ever need to intersperse
snippets of JavaScript within your CoffeeScript, you can
use backticks to pass it straight through.
If you ever need to interpolate literal JavaScript snippets, you can
use backticks to pass JavaScript straight through.
</p>
<%= code_for('embedded', 'hi()') %>
<p>
<span id="switch" class="bookmark"></span>
<p id="switch">
<b class="header">Switch/When/Else</b>
<b>Switch</b> statements in JavaScript are rather broken. You can only
do comparisons based on string equality, and need to remember to <b>break</b> at the end of
@@ -654,229 +391,69 @@ coffee --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
in a returnable, assignable expression. The format is: <tt>switch</tt> condition,
<tt>when</tt> clauses, <tt>else</tt> the default case.
</p>
<p>
As in Ruby, <b>switch</b> statements in CoffeeScript can take multiple
values for each <b>when</b> clause. If any of the values match, the clause
runs.
</p>
<%= code_for('switch') %>
<p>
<span id="try" class="bookmark"></span>
<p id="try">
<b class="header">Try/Catch/Finally</b>
Try/catch statements are just about the same as JavaScript (although
they work as expressions).
</p>
<%= code_for('try') %>
<p>
<span id="comparisons" class="bookmark"></span>
<b class="header">Chained Comparisons</b>
CoffeeScript borrows
<a href="http://docs.python.org/reference/expressions.html#notin">chained comparisons</a>
from Python &mdash; making it easy to test if a value falls within a
certain range.
</p>
<%= code_for('comparisons', 'healthy') %>
<p>
<span id="strings" class="bookmark"></span>
<b class="header">Multiline Strings and Heredocs</b>
<p id="try">
<b class="header">Multiline Strings</b>
Multiline strings are allowed in CoffeeScript.
</p>
<%= code_for('strings', 'moby_dick') %>
<p>
Heredocs can be used to hold formatted or indentation-sensitive text
(or, if you just don't feel like escaping quotes and apostrophes). The
indentation level that begins the heredoc is maintained throughout, so
you can keep it all aligned with the body of your code.
</p>
<%= code_for('heredocs') %>
<h2>
<span id="cake" class="bookmark"></span>
Cake, and Cakefiles
</h2>
<h2 id="contributing">Contributing</h2>
<p>
CoffeeScript includes a simple build system similar to Make and Rake. Naturally,
it's called Cake, and is used for the build and test tasks for the CoffeeScript
language itself. Tasks are defined in a file named <tt>Cakefile</tt>, and
can be invoked by running <tt>cake taskname</tt> from within the directory.
To print a list of all the tasks, just run <tt>cake</tt>.
Here's a wish list of things that would be wonderful to have in
CoffeeScript:
</p>
<p>
Task definitions are written in CoffeeScript, so you can put arbitrary code
in your Cakefile. Define a task with a name, a long description, and the
function to invoke when the task is run. Here's a hypothetical task
that uses the Node.js API.
</p>
<%= code_for('cake_tasks') %>
<h2>
<span id="resources" class="bookmark"></span>
Resources
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script/">Source Code</a><br />
Use <tt>bin/coffee</tt> to test your changes,<br />
<tt>bin/cake test</tt> to run the test suite,<br />
<tt>bin/cake build</tt> to rebuild the CoffeeScript compiler, and <br />
<tt>bin/cake build:parser</tt> to regenerate the Jison parser if you're
working on the grammar.
A JavaScript version of the compiler, perhaps using Alessandro Warth's
<a href="http://tinlizzie.org/ometa/">OMeta</a>.
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script/issues">CoffeeScript Issues</a><br />
Bugs reports, feature requests, and general discussion all belong here.
Ideas for alternate syntax to end blocks of expressions &mdash; the periods
can look a little weird with deeply nested structure.
</li>
<li>
If you'd like to chat, stop by <tt>#coffeescript</tt> on Freenode.
Test cases for any syntax errors you encounter that you think CoffeeScript
should be able to compile properly.
</li>
<li>
A tutorial that introduces CoffeeScript from the ground up for folks
without knowledge of JavaScript.
</li>
<li>
Integration with Processing.js's JavaScript API (this would depend on
having a JavaScript version of the compiler).
</li>
<li>
A lot of the code generation in <tt>nodes.rb</tt> gets into messy
string manipulation. Techniques for cleaning this up across the board
would be appreciated.
</li>
</ul>
<h2>
<span id="change_log" class="bookmark"></span>
Change Log
</h2>
<h2 id="change_log">Change Log</h2>
<p>
<b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.5.0</b>
CoffeeScript 0.5.0 is a major release, While there are no language changes,
the Ruby compiler has been removed in favor of a self-hosting
compiler written in pure CoffeeScript.
</p>
<p>
<b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.3.2</b>
<tt>@property</tt> is now a shorthand for <tt>this.property</tt>.<br />
Switched the default JavaScript engine from Narwhal to Node.js. Pass
the <tt>--narwhal</tt> flag if you'd like to continue using it.
</p>
<p>
<b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.3.0</b>
CoffeeScript 0.3 includes major syntax changes:
<br />
The function symbol was changed to
<tt>-></tt>, and the bound function symbol is now <tt>=></tt>.
<br />
Parameter lists in function definitions must now be wrapped in parentheses.
<br />
Added property soaking, with the <tt>?.</tt> operator.
<br />
Made parentheses optional, when invoking functions with arguments.
<br />
Removed the obsolete block literal syntax.
</p>
<p>
<b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.6</b>
Added Python-style chained comparisons, the conditional existence
operator <tt>?=</tt>, and some examples from <i>Beautiful Code</i>.
Bugfixes relating to statement-to-expression conversion, arguments-to-array
conversion, and the TextMate syntax highlighter.
</p>
<p>
<b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.5</b>
The conditions in switch statements can now take multiple values at once &mdash;
If any of them are true, the case will run. Added the long arrow <tt>==></tt>,
which defines and immediately binds a function to <tt>this</tt>. While loops can
now be used as expressions, in the same way that comprehensions can. Splats
can be used within pattern matches to soak up the rest of an array.
</p>
<p>
<b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.4</b>
Added ECMAScript Harmony style destructuring assignment, for dealing with
extracting values from nested arrays and objects. Added indentation-sensitive
heredocs for nicely formatted strings or chunks of code.
</p>
<p>
<b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.3</b>
Axed the unsatisfactory <tt>ino</tt> keyword, replacing it with <tt>of</tt> for
object comprehensions. They now look like: <tt>for prop, value of object</tt>.
</p>
<p>
<b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.2</b>
When performing a comprehension over an object, use <tt>ino</tt>, instead
of <tt>in</tt>, which helps us generate smaller, more efficient code at
compile time.
<br />
Added <tt>::</tt> as a shorthand for saying <tt>.prototype.</tt>
<br />
The "splat" symbol has been changed from a prefix asterisk <tt>*</tt>, to
a postfix ellipsis <tt>...</tt>
<br />
Added JavaScript's <tt>in</tt> operator,
empty <tt>return</tt> statements, and empty <tt>while</tt> loops.
<br />
Constructor functions that start with capital letters now include a
safety check to make sure that the new instance of the object is returned.
<br />
The <tt>extends</tt> keyword now functions identically to <tt>goog.inherits</tt>
in Google's Closure Library.
</p>
<p>
<b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.1</b>
Arguments objects are now converted into real arrays when referenced.
</p>
<p>
<b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.2.0</b>
Major release. Significant whitespace. Better statement-to-expression
conversion. Splats. Splice literals. Object comprehensions. Blocks.
The existential operator. Many thanks to all the folks who posted issues,
with special thanks to
<a href="http://github.com/kamatsu">Liam O'Connor-Davis</a> for whitespace
and expression help.
</p>
<p>
<b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.1.6</b>
Bugfix for running <tt>coffee --interactive</tt> and <tt>--run</tt>
from outside of the CoffeeScript directory. Bugfix for nested
function/if-statements.
</p>
<p>
<b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.1.5</b>
Array slice literals and array comprehensions can now both take Ruby-style
ranges to specify the start and end. JavaScript variable declaration is
now pushed up to the top of the scope, making all assignment statements into
expressions. You can use <tt>\</tt> to escape newlines.
The <tt>coffee-script</tt> command is now called <tt>coffee</tt>.
</p>
<p>
<b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.1.4</b>
The official CoffeeScript extension is now <tt>.coffee</tt> instead of
<tt>.cs</tt>, which properly belongs to
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)">C#</a>.
Due to popular demand, you can now also use <tt>=</tt> to assign. Unlike
JavaScript, <tt>=</tt> can also be used within object literals, interchangeably
with <tt>:</tt>. Made a grammatical fix for chained function calls
like <tt>func(1)(2)(3)(4)</tt>. Inheritance and super no longer use
<tt>__proto__</tt>, so they should be IE-compatible now.
</p>
<p>
<b class="header" style="margin-top: 20px;">0.1.3</b>
The <tt>coffee</tt> command now includes <tt>--interactive</tt>,
The <tt>coffee-script</tt> command now includes <tt>--interactive</tt>,
which launches an interactive CoffeeScript session, and <tt>--run</tt>,
which directly compiles and executes a script. Both options depend on a
working installation of Narwhal.
The <tt>aint</tt> keyword has been replaced by <tt>isnt</tt>, which goes
The <tt>aint</tt> keyword has been replaced by <tt>isnt</tt>, which goes
together a little smoother with <tt>is</tt>.
Quoted strings are now allowed as identifiers within object literals: eg.
<tt>{"5+5": 10}</tt>.
All assignment operators now use a colon: <tt>+:</tt>, <tt>-:</tt>,
All assignment operators now use a colon: <tt>+:</tt>, <tt>-:</tt>,
<tt>*:</tt>, etc.
</p>
@@ -904,32 +481,5 @@ coffee --print app/scripts/*.coffee > concatenation.js</pre>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="lib/rewriter.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="lib/lexer.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="lib/parser.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="lib/scope.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="lib/nodes.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="lib/coffee-script.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.repl_compile = function() {
var source = document.getElementById('repl_source').value;
window.compiled_js = '';
try {
window.compiled_js = CoffeeScript.compile(source, {no_wrap: true});
} catch(error) {
alert(error);
}
document.getElementById('repl_results').innerHTML = window.compiled_js;
}
window.repl_run = function() {
try {
eval(window.compiled_js);
} catch(error) {
alert(error);
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

View File

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
(function(){
var volume;
if (ignition === true) {
launch();
}
var volume;
if (band !== spinal_tap) {
volume = 10;
}
@@ -10,5 +10,4 @@
let_the_wild_rumpus_begin();
}
car.speed < speed_limit ? accelerate() : null;
print("My name is " + this.name);
})();

View File

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
(function(){
var backwards;
backwards = function backwards() {
arguments = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);
return alert(arguments.reverse());
};
backwards("stairway", "to", "heaven");
})();

View File

@@ -1,26 +1,19 @@
(function(){
var _a, _b, _c, _d, _e, _f, _g, food, lunch, roid, roid2;
// Eat lunch.
lunch = (function() {
_a = []; _b = ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine'];
for (_c = 0; _c < _b.length; _c++) {
food = _b[_c];
_a.push(eat(food));
}
return _a;
}).call(this);
// Naive collision detection.
_d = asteroids;
for (_e = 0; _e < _d.length; _e++) {
roid = _d[_e];
_f = asteroids;
for (_g = 0; _g < _f.length; _g++) {
roid2 = _f[_g];
if (roid !== roid2) {
if (roid.overlaps(roid2)) {
roid.explode();
}
}
}
var lunch;
var __a = ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine'];
var __d = [];
for (var __b=0, __c=__a.length; __b<__c; __b++) {
var food = __a[__b];
__d[__b] = food.eat();
}
lunch = __d;
// Zebra-stripe a table.
var __e = table;
for (var __f=0, __g=__e.length; __f<__g; __f++) {
var row = __e[__f];
var i = __f;
i % 2 === 0 ? highlight(row) : null;
}
})();

View File

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
(function(){
var difficulty, greeting;
greeting = "Hello CoffeeScript";
difficulty = 0.5;
var greeting = "Hello CoffeeScript";
var difficulty = 0.5;
})();

View File

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
(function(){
process.mixin(require('assert'));
task('test', 'run each of the unit tests', function() {
var _a, _b, _c, test;
_a = []; _b = test_files;
for (_c = 0; _c < _b.length; _c++) {
test = _b[_c];
_a.push(fs.readFile(test, function(err, code) {
return eval(coffee.compile(code));
}));
}
return _a;
});
})();

View File

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
(function(){
var cholesterol, healthy;
cholesterol = 127;
healthy = (200 > cholesterol) && (cholesterol > 60);
})();

View File

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
(function(){
var date, expensive, mood;
var mood;
if (singing) {
mood = greatly_improved;
}
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
claps_hands();
cha_cha_cha();
}
date = friday ? sue : jill;
var date = friday ? sue : jill;
expensive = expensive || do_the_math();
})();

View File

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
(function(){
var hi;
hi = function() {
var hi = function() {
return [document.title, "Hello JavaScript"].join(": ");
};
})();

View File

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
(function(){
var solipsism, speed;
if ((typeof mind !== "undefined" && mind !== null) && !(typeof world !== "undefined" && world !== null)) {
solipsism = true;
}
speed = (typeof speed !== "undefined" && speed !== null) ? speed : 140;
})();

View File

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
(function(){
var eldest, grade;
grade = function grade(student) {
var grade = function(student) {
if (student.excellent_work) {
return "A+";
} else if (student.okay_stuff) {
@@ -9,5 +8,5 @@
return "C";
}
};
eldest = 24 > 21 ? "Liz" : "Ike";
var eldest = 24 > 21 ? "Liz" : "Ike";
})();

View File

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
(function(){
var one, six, three, two;
six = ((one = 1)) + ((two = 2)) + ((three = 3));
})();

View File

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
(function(){
var _a, _b, globals, name;
var __hasProp = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
// The first ten global properties.
globals = (function() {
_a = []; _b = window;
for (name in _b) { if (__hasProp.call(_b, name)) {
_a.push(name);
}}
return _a;
}).call(this).slice(0, 10);
})();

View File

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
(function(){
alert((function() {
try {
return nonexistent / undefined;
} catch (error) {
return "And the error is ... " + error;
}
}).call(this));
})();

View File

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
(function(){
var Account;
Account = function Account(customer, cart) {
this.customer = customer;
this.cart = cart;
return $('.shopping_cart').bind('click', (function(__this) {
var __func = function(event) {
return this.customer.purchase(this.cart);
};
return (function() {
return __func.apply(__this, arguments);
});
})(this));
};
})();

View File

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
(function(){
var cube, square;
square = function square(x) {
var square = function(x) {
return x * x;
};
cube = function cube(x) {
var cube = function(x) {
return square(x) * x;
};
})();

View File

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
(function(){
var html;
html = "<strong>\n cup of coffeescript\n</strong>";
})();

View File

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
(function(){
var _a, city, forecast, temp, weather_report;
weather_report = function weather_report(location) {
// Make an Ajax request to fetch the weather...
return [location, 72, "Mostly Sunny"];
};
_a = weather_report("Berkeley, CA");
city = _a[0];
temp = _a[1];
forecast = _a[2];
})();

View File

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
(function(){
var _a, _b, age, ages, child, years_old;
var __hasProp = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
years_old = {
max: 10,
ida: 9,
tim: 11
};
ages = (function() {
_a = []; _b = years_old;
for (child in _b) { if (__hasProp.call(_b, child)) {
age = _b[child];
_a.push(child + " is " + age);
}}
return _a;
}).call(this);
})();

View File

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
(function(){
var _a, _b, _c, city, futurists, poet, street;
futurists = {
sculptor: "Umberto Boccioni",
painter: "Vladimir Burliuk",
poet: {
name: "F.T. Marinetti",
address: ["Via Roma 42R", "Bellagio, Italy 22021"]
}
};
_a = futurists;
_b = _a.poet;
poet = _b.name;
_c = _b.address;
street = _c[0];
city = _c[1];
})();

View File

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
(function(){
var ages, matrix, song;
song = ["do", "re", "mi", "fa", "so"];
ages = {
var song = ["do", "re", "mi", "fa", "so"];
var ages = {
max: 10,
ida: 9,
tim: 11
};
matrix = [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0];
})();

View File

@@ -1,43 +1,33 @@
(function(){
var _a, _b, _c, cubed_list, list, math, num, number, opposite_day, race, square;
// Assignment:
number = 42;
opposite_day = true;
var number = 42;
var opposite_day = true;
// Conditions:
if (opposite_day) {
number = -42;
}
// Functions:
square = function square(x) {
var square = function(x) {
return x * x;
};
// Arrays:
list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
var list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
// Objects:
math = {
var math = {
root: Math.sqrt,
square: square,
cube: function cube(x) {
cube: function(x) {
return x * square(x);
}
};
// Splats:
race = function race(winner) {
var runners;
runners = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
return print(winner, runners);
};
// Existence:
if ((typeof elvis !== "undefined" && elvis !== null)) {
alert("I knew it!");
}
// Array comprehensions:
cubed_list = (function() {
_a = []; _b = list;
for (_c = 0; _c < _b.length; _c++) {
num = _b[_c];
_a.push(math.cube(num));
}
return _a;
}).call(this);
var cubed_list;
var __a = list;
var __d = [];
for (var __b=0, __c=__a.length; __b<__c; __b++) {
var num = __a[__b];
__d[__b] = math.cube(num);
}
cubed_list = __d;
})();

View File

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
(function(){
var _a, and_switch, bait;
bait = 1000;
and_switch = 0;
_a = [and_switch, bait];
bait = _a[0];
and_switch = _a[1];
})();

View File

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
(function(){
var _a, _b, _c, _d, _e, countdown, egg_delivery, num;
countdown = (function() {
_a = []; _d = 10; _e = 1;
for (_c=0, num=_d; (_d <= _e ? num <= _e : num >= _e); (_d <= _e ? num += 1 : num -= 1), _c++) {
_a.push(num);
}
return _a;
}).call(this);
egg_delivery = function egg_delivery() {
var _f, _g, _h, _i, _j, dozen_eggs, i;
_f = []; _i = 0; _j = eggs.length;
for (_h=0, i=_i; (_i <= _j ? i < _j : i > _j); (_i <= _j ? i += 12 : i -= 12), _h++) {
_f.push((function() {
dozen_eggs = eggs.slice(i, i + 12);
return deliver(new egg_carton(dozen));
}).call(this));
}
return _f;
};
})();

View File

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
(function(){
var change_numbers, new_num, num;
num = 1;
change_numbers = function change_numbers() {
var new_num;
new_num = -1;
return num = 10;
var num = 1;
var change_numbers = function() {
num = 2;
var new_num = 3;
return new_num;
};
new_num = change_numbers();
var new_num = change_numbers();
})();

View File

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
(function(){
var numbers, numbers_copy, three_to_six;
numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
three_to_six = numbers.slice(3, 6 + 1);
numbers_copy = numbers.slice(0, numbers.length);
var nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
var three_to_six = nums.slice(3, 6 + 1);
})();

View File

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
(function(){
var _a;
(_a = lottery.draw_winner()) == null ? undefined : _a.address == null ? undefined : _a.address.zipcode;
})();

View File

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
(function(){
var award_medals, contenders, gold, silver, the_field;
gold = (silver = (the_field = "unknown"));
award_medals = function award_medals(first, second) {
var rest;
rest = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
gold = first;
silver = second;
return the_field = rest;
};
contenders = ["Michael Phelps", "Liu Xiang", "Yao Ming", "Allyson Felix", "Shawn Johnson", "Roman Sebrle", "Guo Jingjing", "Tyson Gay", "Asafa Powell", "Usain Bolt"];
award_medals.apply(this, contenders);
alert("Gold: " + gold);
alert("Silver: " + silver);
alert("The Field: " + the_field);
})();

View File

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
(function(){
var numbers;
numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
numbers.splice.apply(numbers, [3, 6 - 3 + 1].concat([-3, -4, -5, -6]));
})();

View File

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
(function(){
var moby_dick;
moby_dick = "Call me Ishmael. Some years ago -- \
var moby_dick = "Call me Ishmael. Some years ago -- \
never mind how long precisely -- having little \
or no money in my purse, and nothing particular \
to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail \

View File

@@ -1,37 +1,29 @@
(function(){
var Animal, Horse, Snake, _a, _b, sam, tom;
Animal = function Animal() { };
Animal.prototype.move = function move(meters) {
var Animal = function() {
};
Animal.prototype.move = function(meters) {
return alert(this.name + " moved " + meters + "m.");
};
Snake = function Snake(name) {
var Snake = function(name) {
this.name = name;
return this;
return this.name;
};
_a = function(){};
_a.prototype = Animal.prototype;
Snake.__superClass__ = Animal.prototype;
Snake.prototype = new _a();
Snake.prototype.constructor = Snake;
Snake.prototype.move = function move() {
Snake.prototype.__proto__ = new Animal();
Snake.prototype.move = function() {
alert("Slithering...");
return Snake.__superClass__.move.call(this, 5);
return Snake.prototype.__proto__.move.call(this, 5);
};
Horse = function Horse(name) {
var Horse = function(name) {
this.name = name;
return this;
return this.name;
};
_b = function(){};
_b.prototype = Animal.prototype;
Horse.__superClass__ = Animal.prototype;
Horse.prototype = new _b();
Horse.prototype.constructor = Horse;
Horse.prototype.move = function move() {
Horse.prototype.__proto__ = new Animal();
Horse.prototype.move = function() {
alert("Galloping...");
return Horse.__superClass__.move.call(this, 45);
return Horse.prototype.__proto__.move.call(this, 45);
};
sam = new Snake("Sammy the Python");
tom = new Horse("Tommy the Palomino");
var sam = new Snake("Sammy the Python");
var tom = new Horse("Tommy the Palomino");
sam.move();
tom.move();
})();

View File

@@ -1,16 +1,14 @@
(function(){
if (day === "Mon") {
go_to_work();
} else if (day === "Tue") {
if (day === "Tuesday") {
eat_breakfast();
} else if (day === "Wednesday") {
go_to_the_park();
} else if (day === "Thu") {
go_ice_fishing();
} else if (day === "Fri" || day === "Sat") {
} else if (day === "Saturday") {
if (day === bingo_day) {
go_to_bingo();
go_dancing();
}
} else if (day === "Sun") {
} else if (day === "Sunday") {
go_to_church();
} else {
go_to_work();

View File

@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
(function(){
var _a, lyrics, num;
// Econ 101
if (this.studying_economics) {
while (supply > demand) {
buy();
}
while (supply < demand) {
sell();
}
while (demand > supply) {
sell();
restock();
}
while (supply > demand) {
buy();
}
// Nursery Rhyme
num = 6;
lyrics = (function() {
_a = [];
while (num -= 1) {
_a.push(num + " little monkeys, jumping on the bed. \
One fell out and bumped his head.");
}
return _a;
}).call(this);
})();

View File

@@ -1,627 +0,0 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen,projection,print" href="css/idle.css" />
<title>Underscore.coffee</title>
</head>
<body>
<pre class="idle"><span class="line-numbers"> 1 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 2 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Underscore.coffee</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 3 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> (c) 2010 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 4 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Underscore is freely distributable under the terms of the MIT license.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 5 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Portions of Underscore are inspired by or borrowed from Prototype.js,</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 6 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Oliver Steele's Functional, and John Resig's Micro-Templating.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 7 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> For all details and documentation:</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 8 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 9 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 10 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 11 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> ------------------------- Baseline setup ---------------------------------</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 12 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 13 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Establish the root object, &quot;window&quot; in the browser, or &quot;global&quot; on the server.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 14 </span> <span class="FunctionName">root</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Variable">this</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 15 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 16 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 17 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Save the previous value of the &quot;_&quot; variable.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 18 </span> <span class="FunctionName">previousUnderscore</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> root._
<span class="line-numbers"> 19 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 20 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 21 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> If Underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 22 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> can be used OO-style. This wrapper holds altered versions of all the</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 23 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> underscore functions. Wrapped objects may be chained.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 24 </span> <span class="FunctionName">wrapper</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 25 </span> <span class="FunctionName">this._wrapped</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> obj
<span class="line-numbers"> 26 </span> <span class="Variable">this</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 27 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 28 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 29 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Establish the object that gets thrown to break out of a loop iteration.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 30 </span> <span class="FunctionName">breaker</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="Keyword">typeof</span>(StopIteration) <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>undefined<span class="String">'</span></span> <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>__break__<span class="String">'</span></span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> StopIteration
<span class="line-numbers"> 31 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 32 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 33 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Create a safe reference to the Underscore object forreference below.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 34 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionName">root._</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">new</span> <span class="TypeName">wrapper</span>(obj)
<span class="line-numbers"> 35 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 36 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 37 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Export the Underscore object for CommonJS.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 38 </span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="Keyword">typeof</span>(exports) <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">=</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>undefined<span class="String">'</span></span> <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="FunctionName">exports._</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _
<span class="line-numbers"> 39 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 40 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 41 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 42 </span> <span class="FunctionName">slice</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionName">Array:</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>slice
<span class="line-numbers"> 43 </span> <span class="FunctionName">unshift</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionName">Array:</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>unshift
<span class="line-numbers"> 44 </span> <span class="FunctionName">toString</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionName">Object:</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>toString
<span class="line-numbers"> 45 </span> <span class="FunctionName">hasOwnProperty</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionName">Object:</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>hasOwnProperty
<span class="line-numbers"> 46 </span> <span class="FunctionName">propertyIsEnumerable</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionName">Object:</span><span class="Keyword">:</span>propertyIsEnumerable
<span class="line-numbers"> 47 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 48 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 49 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Current version.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 50 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.VERSION</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>0.5.8<span class="String">'</span></span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 51 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 52 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 53 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> ------------------------ Collection Functions: ---------------------------</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 54 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 55 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> The cornerstone, an each implementation.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 56 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Handles objects implementing forEach, arrays, and raw objects.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 57 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.each</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 58 </span> <span class="FunctionName">index</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 59 </span> <span class="Keyword">try</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 60 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.forEach(iterator, context) <span class="Keyword">if</span> obj.forEach
<span class="line-numbers"> 61 </span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isNumber(obj.length)
<span class="line-numbers"> 62 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> iterator.call(context, obj[i], i, obj) <span class="Keyword">for</span> i <span class="Keyword">in</span> [<span class="Number">0</span>...obj.length]
<span class="line-numbers"> 63 </span> iterator.call(context, val, key, obj) <span class="Keyword">for</span> key, val <span class="Keyword">of</span> obj
<span class="line-numbers"> 64 </span> <span class="Keyword">catch</span> e
<span class="line-numbers"> 65 </span> <span class="Keyword">throw</span> e <span class="Keyword">if</span> e <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> breaker
<span class="line-numbers"> 66 </span> obj
<span class="line-numbers"> 67 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 68 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 69 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return the results of applying the iterator to each element. Use JavaScript</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 70 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> 1.6's version of map, if possible.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 71 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.map</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 72 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.map(iterator, context) <span class="Keyword">if</span> (obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.map))
<span class="line-numbers"> 73 </span> <span class="FunctionName">results</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> []
<span class="line-numbers"> 74 </span> _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 75 </span> results.push(iterator.call(context, value, index, list))
<span class="line-numbers"> 76 </span> results
<span class="line-numbers"> 77 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 78 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 79 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Reduce builds up a single result from a list of values. Also known as</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 80 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> inject, or foldl. Uses JavaScript 1.8's version of reduce, if possible.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 81 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.reduce</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, memo, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 82 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.reduce(_.bind(iterator, context), memo) <span class="Keyword">if</span> (obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.reduce))
<span class="line-numbers"> 83 </span> _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 84 </span> <span class="FunctionName">memo</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> iterator.call(context, memo, value, index, list)
<span class="line-numbers"> 85 </span> memo
<span class="line-numbers"> 86 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 87 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 88 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> The right-associative version of reduce, also known as foldr. Uses</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 89 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> JavaScript 1.8's version of reduceRight, if available.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 90 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.reduceRight</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, memo, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 91 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.reduceRight(_.bind(iterator, context), memo) <span class="Keyword">if</span> (obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.reduceRight))
<span class="line-numbers"> 92 </span> _.each _.clone(_.toArray(obj)).reverse(), <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 93 </span> <span class="FunctionName">memo</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> iterator.call(context, memo, value, index, obj)
<span class="line-numbers"> 94 </span> memo
<span class="line-numbers"> 95 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 96 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 97 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return the first value which passes a truth test.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 98 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.detect</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 99 </span> <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">null</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 100 </span> _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 101 </span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
<span class="line-numbers"> 102 </span> <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> value
<span class="line-numbers"> 103 </span> _.breakLoop()
<span class="line-numbers"> 104 </span> result
<span class="line-numbers"> 105 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 106 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 107 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return all the elements that pass a truth test. Use JavaScript 1.6's</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 108 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> filter(), if it exists.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 109 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.select</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 110 </span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.filter) <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.filter(iterator, context)
<span class="line-numbers"> 111 </span> <span class="FunctionName">results</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> []
<span class="line-numbers"> 112 </span> _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 113 </span> results.push(value) <span class="Keyword">if</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
<span class="line-numbers"> 114 </span> results
<span class="line-numbers"> 115 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 116 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 117 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return all the elements for which a truth test fails.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 118 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.reject</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 119 </span> <span class="FunctionName">results</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> []
<span class="line-numbers"> 120 </span> _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 121 </span> results.push(value) <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
<span class="line-numbers"> 122 </span> results
<span class="line-numbers"> 123 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 124 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 125 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Determine whether all of the elements match a truth test. Delegate to</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 126 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> JavaScript 1.6's every(), if it is present.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 127 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.all</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 128 </span> iterator <span class="Keyword">||</span><span class="Keyword">=</span> _.identity
<span class="line-numbers"> 129 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.every(iterator, context) <span class="Keyword">if</span> obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.every)
<span class="line-numbers"> 130 </span> <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 131 </span> _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 132 </span> _.breakLoop() <span class="Keyword">unless</span> (<span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> result <span class="Keyword">and</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list))
<span class="line-numbers"> 133 </span> result
<span class="line-numbers"> 134 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 135 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 136 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Determine if at least one element in the object matches a truth test. Use</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 137 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> JavaScript 1.6's some(), if it exists.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 138 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.any</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 139 </span> iterator <span class="Keyword">||</span><span class="Keyword">=</span> _.identity
<span class="line-numbers"> 140 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.some(iterator, context) <span class="Keyword">if</span> obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.some)
<span class="line-numbers"> 141 </span> <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 142 </span> _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 143 </span> _.breakLoop() <span class="Keyword">if</span> (<span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list))
<span class="line-numbers"> 144 </span> result
<span class="line-numbers"> 145 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 146 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 147 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Determine if a given value is included in the array or object,</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 148 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> based on '==='.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 149 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.include</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, target</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 150 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> _.indexOf(obj, target) <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> <span class="Keyword">-</span><span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isFunction(obj.indexOf)
<span class="line-numbers"> 151 </span> <span class="Keyword">for</span> key, val <span class="Keyword">of</span> obj
<span class="line-numbers"> 152 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> val <span class="Keyword">is</span> target
<span class="line-numbers"> 153 </span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 154 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 155 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 156 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Invoke a method with arguments on every item in a collection.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 157 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.invoke</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, method</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 158 </span> <span class="FunctionName">args</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.rest(arguments, <span class="Number">2</span>)
<span class="line-numbers"> 159 </span> (<span class="Keyword">if</span> method <span class="Keyword">then</span> val[method] <span class="Keyword">else</span> val).apply(val, args) <span class="Keyword">for</span> val <span class="Keyword">in</span> obj
<span class="line-numbers"> 160 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 161 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 162 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Convenience version of a common use case of map: fetching a property.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 163 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.pluck</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, key</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 164 </span> _.map(obj, (<span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">val</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> val[key]))
<span class="line-numbers"> 165 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 166 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 167 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return the maximum item or (item-based computation).</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 168 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.max</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 169 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> Math.max.apply(Math, obj) <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> iterator <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isArray(obj)
<span class="line-numbers"> 170 </span> <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> {<span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">-</span><span class="BuiltInConstant">Infinity</span>}
<span class="line-numbers"> 171 </span> _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 172 </span> <span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> iterator <span class="Keyword">then</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list) <span class="Keyword">else</span> value
<span class="line-numbers"> 173 </span> computed <span class="Keyword">&gt;=</span> result.computed <span class="Keyword">and</span> (<span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> {<span class="FunctionName">value</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> value, <span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> computed})
<span class="line-numbers"> 174 </span> result.value
<span class="line-numbers"> 175 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 176 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 177 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return the minimum element (or element-based computation).</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 178 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.min</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 179 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> Math.min.apply(Math, obj) <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> iterator <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isArray(obj)
<span class="line-numbers"> 180 </span> <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> {<span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">Infinity</span>}
<span class="line-numbers"> 181 </span> _.each obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 182 </span> <span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> iterator <span class="Keyword">then</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list) <span class="Keyword">else</span> value
<span class="line-numbers"> 183 </span> computed <span class="Keyword">&lt;</span> result.computed <span class="Keyword">and</span> (<span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> {<span class="FunctionName">value</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> value, <span class="FunctionName">computed</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> computed})
<span class="line-numbers"> 184 </span> result.value
<span class="line-numbers"> 185 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 186 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 187 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Sort the object's values by a criteria produced by an iterator.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 188 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.sortBy</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, iterator, context</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 189 </span> _.pluck(((_.map obj, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value, index, list</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 190 </span> {<span class="FunctionName">value</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> value, <span class="FunctionName">criteria</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> iterator.call(context, value, index, list)}
<span class="line-numbers"> 191 </span> ).sort(<span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">left, right</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 192 </span> <span class="FunctionName">a</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> left.criteria; <span class="FunctionName">b</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> right.criteria
<span class="line-numbers"> 193 </span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> a <span class="Keyword">&lt;</span> b <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Keyword">-</span><span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> a <span class="Keyword">&gt;</span> b <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 194 </span> )), <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>value<span class="String">'</span></span>)
<span class="line-numbers"> 195 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 196 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 197 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Use a comparator function to figure out at what index an object should</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 198 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> be inserted so as to maintain order. Uses binary search.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 199 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.sortedIndex</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array, obj, iterator</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 200 </span> iterator <span class="Keyword">||</span><span class="Keyword">=</span> _.identity
<span class="line-numbers"> 201 </span> <span class="FunctionName">low</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Number">0</span>; <span class="FunctionName">high</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> array.length
<span class="line-numbers"> 202 </span> <span class="Keyword">while</span> low <span class="Keyword">&lt;</span> high
<span class="line-numbers"> 203 </span> <span class="FunctionName">mid</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> (low <span class="Keyword">+</span> high) <span class="Keyword">&gt;</span><span class="Keyword">&gt;</span> <span class="Number">1</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 204 </span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> iterator(array[mid]) <span class="Keyword">&lt;</span> iterator(obj) <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="FunctionName">low</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> mid <span class="Keyword">+</span> <span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> <span class="FunctionName">high</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> mid
<span class="line-numbers"> 205 </span> low
<span class="line-numbers"> 206 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 207 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 208 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Convert anything iterable into a real, live array.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 209 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.toArray</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">iterable</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 210 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> [] <span class="Keyword">if</span> (<span class="Keyword">!</span>iterable)
<span class="line-numbers"> 211 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> iterable.toArray() <span class="Keyword">if</span> (iterable.toArray)
<span class="line-numbers"> 212 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> iterable <span class="Keyword">if</span> (_.isArray(iterable))
<span class="line-numbers"> 213 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> slice.call(iterable) <span class="Keyword">if</span> (_.isArguments(iterable))
<span class="line-numbers"> 214 </span> _.values(iterable)
<span class="line-numbers"> 215 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 216 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 217 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return the number of elements in an object.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 218 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.size</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> _.toArray(obj).length
<span class="line-numbers"> 219 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 220 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 221 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> -------------------------- Array Functions: ------------------------------</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 222 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 223 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Get the first element of an array. Passing &quot;n&quot; will return the first N</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 224 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> values in the array. Aliased as &quot;head&quot;. The &quot;guard&quot; check allows it to work</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 225 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> with _.map.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 226 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.first</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array, n, guard</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 227 </span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> n <span class="Keyword">and</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> guard <span class="Keyword">then</span> slice.call(array, <span class="Number">0</span>, n) <span class="Keyword">else</span> array[<span class="Number">0</span>]
<span class="line-numbers"> 228 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 229 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 230 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Returns everything but the first entry of the array. Aliased as &quot;tail&quot;.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 231 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Especially useful on the arguments object. Passing an &quot;index&quot; will return</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 232 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> the rest of the values in the array from that index onward. The &quot;guard&quot;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 233 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> check allows it to work with _.map.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 234 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.rest</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array, index, guard</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 235 </span> slice.call(array, <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isUndefined(index) <span class="Keyword">or</span> guard <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> index)
<span class="line-numbers"> 236 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 237 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 238 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Get the last element of an array.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 239 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.last</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> array[array.length <span class="Keyword">-</span> <span class="Number">1</span>]
<span class="line-numbers"> 240 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 241 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 242 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Trim out all falsy values from an array.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 243 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.compact</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> item <span class="Keyword">for</span> item <span class="Keyword">in</span> array <span class="Keyword">when</span> item
<span class="line-numbers"> 244 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 245 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 246 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return a completely flattened version of an array.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 247 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.flatten</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 248 </span> _.reduce array, [], <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">memo, value</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 249 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> memo.concat(_.flatten(value)) <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isArray(value)
<span class="line-numbers"> 250 </span> memo.push(value)
<span class="line-numbers"> 251 </span> memo
<span class="line-numbers"> 252 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 253 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 254 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s).</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 255 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.without</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 256 </span> <span class="FunctionName">values</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.rest(arguments)
<span class="line-numbers"> 257 </span> val <span class="Keyword">for</span> val <span class="Keyword">in</span> _.toArray(array) <span class="Keyword">when</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> _.include(values, val)
<span class="line-numbers"> 258 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 259 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 260 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 261 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 262 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.uniq</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array, isSorted</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 263 </span> <span class="FunctionName">memo</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> []
<span class="line-numbers"> 264 </span> <span class="Keyword">for</span> el, i <span class="Keyword">in</span> _.toArray(array)
<span class="line-numbers"> 265 </span> memo.push(el) <span class="Keyword">if</span> i <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="Number">0</span> <span class="Keyword">||</span> (<span class="Keyword">if</span> isSorted <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span> <span class="Keyword">then</span> _.last(memo) <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> el <span class="Keyword">else</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> _.include(memo, el))
<span class="line-numbers"> 266 </span> memo
<span class="line-numbers"> 267 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 268 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 269 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Produce an array that contains every item shared between all the</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 270 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> passed-in arrays.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 271 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.intersect</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 272 </span> <span class="FunctionName">rest</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.rest(arguments)
<span class="line-numbers"> 273 </span> _.select _.uniq(array), <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">item</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 274 </span> _.all rest, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">other</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 275 </span> _.indexOf(other, item) <span class="Keyword">&gt;=</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 276 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 277 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 278 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Zip together multiple lists into a single array -- elements that share</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 279 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> an index go together.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 280 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.zip</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 281 </span> <span class="FunctionName">length</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.max(_.pluck(arguments, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>length<span class="String">'</span></span>))
<span class="line-numbers"> 282 </span> <span class="FunctionName">results</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">new</span> <span class="TypeName">Array</span>(length)
<span class="line-numbers"> 283 </span> <span class="Keyword">for</span> i <span class="Keyword">in</span> [<span class="Number">0</span>...length]
<span class="line-numbers"> 284 </span> results[i]<span class="Keyword">:</span> _.pluck(arguments, String(i))
<span class="line-numbers"> 285 </span> results
<span class="line-numbers"> 286 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 287 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 288 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> If the browser doesn't supply us with indexOf (I'm looking at you, MSIE),</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 289 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> we need this function. Return the position of the first occurence of an</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 290 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> item in an array, or -1 if the item is not included in the array.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 291 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.indexOf</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array, item</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 292 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> array.indexOf(item) <span class="Keyword">if</span> array.indexOf
<span class="line-numbers"> 293 </span> <span class="FunctionName">i</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Number">0</span>; <span class="FunctionName">l</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> array.length
<span class="line-numbers"> 294 </span> <span class="Keyword">while</span> l <span class="Keyword">-</span> i
<span class="line-numbers"> 295 </span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> array[i] <span class="Keyword">is</span> item <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> i <span class="Keyword">else</span> i<span class="Keyword">++</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 296 </span> <span class="Keyword">-</span><span class="Number">1</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 297 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 298 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 299 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Provide JavaScript 1.6's lastIndexOf, delegating to the native function,</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 300 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> if possible.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 301 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.lastIndexOf</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">array, item</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 302 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> array.lastIndexOf(item) <span class="Keyword">if</span> array.lastIndexOf
<span class="line-numbers"> 303 </span> <span class="FunctionName">i</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> array.length
<span class="line-numbers"> 304 </span> <span class="Keyword">while</span> i
<span class="line-numbers"> 305 </span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> array[i] <span class="Keyword">is</span> item <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> i <span class="Keyword">else</span> i<span class="Keyword">--</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 306 </span> <span class="Keyword">-</span><span class="Number">1</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 307 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 308 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 309 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Generate an integer Array containing an arithmetic progression. A port of</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 310 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> the native Python range() function. See:</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 311 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 312 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.range</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">start, stop, step</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 313 </span> <span class="FunctionName">a</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> arguments
<span class="line-numbers"> 314 </span> <span class="FunctionName">solo</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> a.length <span class="Keyword">&lt;=</span> <span class="Number">1</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 315 </span> <span class="FunctionName">i</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionName">start</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> solo <span class="Keyword">then</span> <span class="Number">0</span> <span class="Keyword">else</span> a[<span class="Number">0</span>]
<span class="line-numbers"> 316 </span> <span class="FunctionName">stop</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> solo <span class="Keyword">then</span> a[<span class="Number">0</span>] <span class="Keyword">else</span> a[<span class="Number">1</span>]
<span class="line-numbers"> 317 </span> <span class="FunctionName">step</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> a[<span class="Number">2</span>] <span class="Keyword">or</span> <span class="Number">1</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 318 </span> <span class="FunctionName">len</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> Math.ceil((stop <span class="Keyword">-</span> start) <span class="Keyword">/</span> step)
<span class="line-numbers"> 319 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> [] <span class="Keyword">if</span> len <span class="Keyword">&lt;=</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 320 </span> <span class="FunctionName">range</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">new</span> <span class="TypeName">Array</span>(len)
<span class="line-numbers"> 321 </span> <span class="FunctionName">idx</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 322 </span> <span class="Keyword">while</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 323 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> range <span class="Keyword">if</span> (<span class="Keyword">if</span> step <span class="Keyword">&gt;</span> <span class="Number">0</span> <span class="Keyword">then</span> i <span class="Keyword">-</span> stop <span class="Keyword">else</span> stop <span class="Keyword">-</span> i) <span class="Keyword">&gt;=</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 324 </span> range[idx]<span class="Keyword">:</span> i
<span class="line-numbers"> 325 </span> idx<span class="Keyword">++</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 326 </span> i<span class="Keyword">+</span><span class="Keyword">=</span> step
<span class="line-numbers"> 327 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 328 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 329 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> ----------------------- Function Functions: -----------------------------</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 330 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 331 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Create a function bound to a given object (assigning 'this', and arguments,</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 332 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> optionally). Binding with arguments is also known as 'curry'.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 333 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.bind</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">func, obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 334 </span> <span class="FunctionName">args</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.rest(arguments, <span class="Number">2</span>)
<span class="line-numbers"> 335 </span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> func.apply(obj <span class="Keyword">or</span> root, args.concat(arguments))
<span class="line-numbers"> 336 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 337 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 338 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Bind all of an object's methods to that object. Useful for ensuring that</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 339 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> all callbacks defined on an object belong to it.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 340 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.bindAll</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 341 </span> <span class="FunctionName">funcs</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> arguments.length <span class="Keyword">&gt;</span> <span class="Number">1</span> <span class="Keyword">then</span> _.rest(arguments) <span class="Keyword">else</span> _.functions(obj)
<span class="line-numbers"> 342 </span> _.each(funcs, <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">f</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> obj[f]<span class="Keyword">:</span> _.bind(obj[f], obj))
<span class="line-numbers"> 343 </span> obj
<span class="line-numbers"> 344 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 345 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 346 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 347 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> it with the arguments supplied.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 348 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.delay</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">func, wait</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 349 </span> <span class="FunctionName">args</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.rest(arguments, <span class="Number">2</span>)
<span class="line-numbers"> 350 </span> setTimeout((<span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> func.apply(func, args)), wait)
<span class="line-numbers"> 351 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 352 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 353 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 354 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> cleared.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 355 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.defer</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">func</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 356 </span> _.delay.apply(_, [func, <span class="Number">1</span>].concat(_.rest(arguments)))
<span class="line-numbers"> 357 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 358 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 359 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Returns the first function passed as an argument to the second,</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 360 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 361 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> conditionally execute the original function.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 362 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.wrap</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">func, wrapper</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 363 </span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> wrapper.apply(wrapper, [func].concat(arguments))
<span class="line-numbers"> 364 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 365 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 366 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 367 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> consuming the return value of the function that follows.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 368 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.compose</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 369 </span> <span class="FunctionName">funcs</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> arguments
<span class="line-numbers"> 370 </span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 371 </span> <span class="FunctionName">args</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> arguments
<span class="line-numbers"> 372 </span> <span class="Keyword">for</span> i <span class="Keyword">in</span> [(funcs.length <span class="Keyword">-</span> <span class="Number">1</span>)..<span class="Number">0</span>]
<span class="line-numbers"> 373 </span> <span class="FunctionName">args</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> [funcs[i].apply(<span class="Variable">this</span>, args)]
<span class="line-numbers"> 374 </span> args[<span class="Number">0</span>]
<span class="line-numbers"> 375 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 376 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 377 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> ------------------------- Object Functions: ----------------------------</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 378 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 379 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Retrieve the names of an object's properties.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 380 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.keys</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 381 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> _.range(<span class="Number">0</span>, obj.length) <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isArray(obj)
<span class="line-numbers"> 382 </span> key <span class="Keyword">for</span> key, val <span class="Keyword">of</span> obj
<span class="line-numbers"> 383 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 384 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 385 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Retrieve the values of an object's properties.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 386 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.values</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 387 </span> _.map(obj, _.identity)
<span class="line-numbers"> 388 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 389 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 390 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Return a sorted list of the function names available in Underscore.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 391 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.functions</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 392 </span> _.select(_.keys(obj), <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">key</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> _.isFunction(obj[key])).sort()
<span class="line-numbers"> 393 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 394 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 395 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Extend a given object with all of the properties in a source object.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 396 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.extend</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">destination, source</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 397 </span> <span class="Keyword">for</span> key, val <span class="Keyword">of</span> source
<span class="line-numbers"> 398 </span> destination[key]<span class="Keyword">:</span> val
<span class="line-numbers"> 399 </span> destination
<span class="line-numbers"> 400 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 401 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 402 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 403 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.clone</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 404 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> obj.slice(<span class="Number">0</span>) <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isArray(obj)
<span class="line-numbers"> 405 </span> _.extend({}, obj)
<span class="line-numbers"> 406 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 407 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 408 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Invokes interceptor with the obj, and then returns obj.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 409 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> The primary purpose of this method is to &quot;tap into&quot; a method chain, in order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 410 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.tap</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, interceptor</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 411 </span> interceptor(obj)
<span class="line-numbers"> 412 </span> obj
<span class="line-numbers"> 413 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 414 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 415 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 416 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.isEqual</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">a, b</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 417 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Check object identity.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 418 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> a <span class="Keyword">is</span> b
<span class="line-numbers"> 419 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Different types?</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 420 </span> <span class="FunctionName">atype</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">typeof</span>(a); <span class="FunctionName">btype</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">typeof</span>(b)
<span class="line-numbers"> 421 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> atype <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> btype
<span class="line-numbers"> 422 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Basic equality test (watch out for coercions).</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 423 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">`</span>a == b<span class="String">`</span></span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 424 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> One is falsy and the other truthy.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 425 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> (<span class="Keyword">!</span>a <span class="Keyword">and</span> b) <span class="Keyword">or</span> (a <span class="Keyword">and</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span>b)
<span class="line-numbers"> 426 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> One of them implements an isEqual()?</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 427 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> a.isEqual(b) <span class="Keyword">if</span> a.isEqual
<span class="line-numbers"> 428 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Check dates' integer values.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 429 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> a.getTime() <span class="Keyword">is</span> b.getTime() <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isDate(a) <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isDate(b)
<span class="line-numbers"> 430 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Both are NaN?</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 431 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isNaN(a) <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isNaN(b)
<span class="line-numbers"> 432 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Compare regular expressions.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 433 </span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> _.isRegExp(a) <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isRegExp(b)
<span class="line-numbers"> 434 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> a.source <span class="Keyword">is</span> b.source <span class="Keyword">and</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 435 </span> a.global <span class="Keyword">is</span> b.global <span class="Keyword">and</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 436 </span> a.ignoreCase <span class="Keyword">is</span> b.ignoreCase <span class="Keyword">and</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 437 </span> a.multiline <span class="Keyword">is</span> b.multiline
<span class="line-numbers"> 438 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> If a is not an object by this point, we can't handle it.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 439 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> atype <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>object<span class="String">'</span></span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 440 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Check for different array lengths before comparing contents.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 441 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> a.length <span class="Keyword">and</span> (a.length <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> b.length)
<span class="line-numbers"> 442 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Nothing else worked, deep compare the contents.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 443 </span> <span class="FunctionName">aKeys</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.keys(a); <span class="FunctionName">bKeys</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.keys(b)
<span class="line-numbers"> 444 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Different object sizes?</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 445 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> aKeys.length <span class="Keyword">isnt</span> bKeys.length
<span class="line-numbers"> 446 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Recursive comparison of contents.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 447 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> for (var key in a) if (!_.isEqual(a[key], b[key])) return false;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 448 </span> <span class="Keyword">return</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 449 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 450 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 451 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given array or object empty?</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 452 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.isEmpty</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> _.keys(obj).length <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 453 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 454 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 455 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given value a DOM element?</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 456 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.isElement</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.nodeType <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="Number">1</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 457 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 458 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 459 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given value an array?</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 460 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.isArray</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">!</span>(obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.concat <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.unshift)
<span class="line-numbers"> 461 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 462 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 463 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given variable an arguments object?</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 464 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.isArguments</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> _.isNumber(obj.length) <span class="Keyword">and</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> obj.concat <span class="Keyword">and</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 465 </span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> obj.substr <span class="Keyword">and</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> obj.apply <span class="Keyword">and</span> <span class="Keyword">not</span> propertyIsEnumerable.call(obj, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>length<span class="String">'</span></span>)
<span class="line-numbers"> 466 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 467 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 468 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is the given value a function?</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 469 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.isFunction</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">!</span>(obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.constructor <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.call <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.apply)
<span class="line-numbers"> 470 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 471 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 472 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is the given value a string?</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 473 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.isString</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">!</span>(obj <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span><span class="String">'</span></span> <span class="Keyword">or</span> (obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.charCodeAt <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.substr))
<span class="line-numbers"> 474 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 475 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 476 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given value a number?</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 477 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.isNumber</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> (obj <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="Keyword">+</span>obj) <span class="Keyword">or</span> toString.call(obj) <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>[object Number]<span class="String">'</span></span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 478 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 479 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 480 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given value a Date?</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 481 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.isDate</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">!</span>(obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.getTimezoneOffset <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.setUTCFullYear)
<span class="line-numbers"> 482 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 483 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 484 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is the given value a regular expression?</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 485 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.isRegExp</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">!</span><span class="Keyword">!</span>(obj <span class="Keyword">and</span> obj.exec <span class="Keyword">and</span> (obj.ignoreCase <span class="Keyword">or</span> obj.ignoreCase <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">false</span>))
<span class="line-numbers"> 486 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 487 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 488 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is the given value NaN -- this one is interesting. NaN != NaN, and</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 489 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> isNaN(undefined) == true, so we make sure it's a number first.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 490 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.isNaN</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> _.isNumber(obj) <span class="Keyword">and</span> window.isNaN(obj)
<span class="line-numbers"> 491 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 492 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 493 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given value equal to null?</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 494 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.isNull</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> obj <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">null</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 495 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 496 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 497 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Is a given variable undefined?</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 498 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.isUndefined</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">typeof</span> obj <span class="Keyword">is</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>undefined<span class="String">'</span></span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 499 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 500 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 501 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> -------------------------- Utility Functions: --------------------------</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 502 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 503 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Run Underscore.js in noConflict mode, returning the '_' variable to its</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 504 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> previous owner. Returns a reference to the Underscore object.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 505 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.noConflict</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 506 </span> <span class="FunctionName">root._</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> previousUnderscore
<span class="line-numbers"> 507 </span> <span class="Variable">this</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 508 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 509 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 510 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Keep the identity function around for default iterators.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 511 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.identity</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">value</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> value
<span class="line-numbers"> 512 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 513 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 514 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Break out of the middle of an iteration.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 515 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.breakLoop</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Keyword">throw</span> breaker
<span class="line-numbers"> 516 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 517 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 518 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session).</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 519 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Useful for temporary DOM ids.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 520 </span> <span class="FunctionName">idCounter</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Number">0</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 521 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.uniqueId</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">prefix</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 522 </span> (prefix <span class="Keyword">or</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span><span class="String">'</span></span>) <span class="Keyword">+</span> idCounter<span class="Keyword">++</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 523 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 524 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 525 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> By default, Underscore uses ERB-style template delimiters, change the</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 526 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> following template settings to use alternative delimiters.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 527 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.templateSettings</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> {
<span class="line-numbers"> 528 </span> <span class="FunctionName">start</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>&lt;%<span class="String">'</span></span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 529 </span> <span class="FunctionName">end</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>%&gt;<span class="String">'</span></span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 530 </span> <span class="FunctionName">interpolate</span><span class="Keyword">:</span><span class="String"> <span class="String">/</span>&lt;%=(.+?)%&gt;<span class="String">/</span>g</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 531 </span> }
<span class="line-numbers"> 532 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 533 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 534 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> JavaScript templating a-la ERB, pilfered from John Resig's</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 535 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> &quot;Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja&quot;, page 83.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 536 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Single-quote fix from Rick Strahl's version.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 537 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.template</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">str, data</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 538 </span> <span class="FunctionName">c</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.templateSettings
<span class="line-numbers"> 539 </span> <span class="FunctionName">fn</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Keyword">new</span> <span class="TypeName">Function</span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>obj<span class="String">'</span></span>,
<span class="line-numbers"> 540 </span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>var p=[],print=function(){p.push.apply(p,arguments);};<span class="String">'</span></span> <span class="Keyword">+</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 541 </span> <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>with(obj){p.push(<span class="UserDefinedConstant">\'</span><span class="String">'</span></span> <span class="Keyword">+</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 542 </span> str.replace(<span class="String"><span class="String">/</span>[<span class="UserDefinedConstant">\r</span><span class="UserDefinedConstant">\t</span><span class="UserDefinedConstant">\n</span>]<span class="String">/</span>g</span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span> <span class="String">&quot;</span></span>)
<span class="line-numbers"> 543 </span> .replace(<span class="Keyword">new</span> <span class="TypeName">RegExp</span>(<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>'(?=[^<span class="String">&quot;</span></span><span class="Keyword">+</span>c.end[<span class="Number">0</span>]<span class="Keyword">+</span><span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>]*<span class="String">&quot;</span></span><span class="Keyword">+</span>c.end<span class="Keyword">+</span><span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>)<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>,<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>g<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>),<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span><span class="UserDefinedConstant">\t</span><span class="String">&quot;</span></span>)
<span class="line-numbers"> 544 </span> .split(<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>'<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>).join(<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span><span class="UserDefinedConstant">\\</span>'<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>)
<span class="line-numbers"> 545 </span> .split(<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span><span class="UserDefinedConstant">\t</span><span class="String">&quot;</span></span>).join(<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>'<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>)
<span class="line-numbers"> 546 </span> .replace(c.interpolate, <span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>',$1,'<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>)
<span class="line-numbers"> 547 </span> .split(c.start).join(<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>');<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>)
<span class="line-numbers"> 548 </span> .split(c.end).join(<span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>p.push('<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>) <span class="Keyword">+</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 549 </span> <span class="String"><span class="String">&quot;</span>');}return p.join('');<span class="String">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 550 </span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> data <span class="Keyword">then</span> fn(data) <span class="Keyword">else</span> fn
<span class="line-numbers"> 551 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 552 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 553 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> ------------------------------- Aliases ----------------------------------</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 554 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 555 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.forEach</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.each
<span class="line-numbers"> 556 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.foldl</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionName">_.inject</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.reduce
<span class="line-numbers"> 557 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.foldr</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.reduceRight
<span class="line-numbers"> 558 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.filter</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.select
<span class="line-numbers"> 559 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.every</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.all
<span class="line-numbers"> 560 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.some</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.any
<span class="line-numbers"> 561 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.head</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.first
<span class="line-numbers"> 562 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.tail</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.rest
<span class="line-numbers"> 563 </span> <span class="FunctionName">_.methods</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _.functions
<span class="line-numbers"> 564 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 565 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 566 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> ------------------------ Setup the OOP Wrapper: --------------------------</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 567 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 568 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Helper function to continue chaining intermediate results.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 569 </span> <span class="FunctionName">result</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">obj, chain</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 570 </span> <span class="Keyword">if</span> chain <span class="Keyword">then</span> _(obj).chain() <span class="Keyword">else</span> obj
<span class="line-numbers"> 571 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 572 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 573 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Add all of the Underscore functions to the wrapper object.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 574 </span> _.each _.functions(_), <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">name</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 575 </span> <span class="FunctionName">method</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> _[name]
<span class="line-numbers"> 576 </span> wrapper.prototype[name]<span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 577 </span> unshift.call(arguments, <span class="Variable">this</span>._wrapped)
<span class="line-numbers"> 578 </span> result(method.apply(_, arguments), <span class="Variable">this</span>._chain)
<span class="line-numbers"> 579 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 580 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 581 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Add all mutator Array functions to the wrapper.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 582 </span> _.each [<span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>pop<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>push<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>reverse<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>shift<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>sort<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>splice<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>unshift<span class="String">'</span></span>], <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">name</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 583 </span> <span class="FunctionName">method</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> Array.prototype[name]
<span class="line-numbers"> 584 </span> wrapper.prototype[name]<span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 585 </span> method.apply(<span class="Variable">this</span>._wrapped, arguments)
<span class="line-numbers"> 586 </span> result(<span class="Variable">this</span>._wrapped, <span class="Variable">this</span>._chain)
<span class="line-numbers"> 587 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 588 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 589 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Add all accessor Array functions to the wrapper.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 590 </span> _.each [<span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>concat<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>join<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>slice<span class="String">'</span></span>], <span class="FunctionArgument">(</span><span class="FunctionArgument">name</span><span class="FunctionArgument">)</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 591 </span> <span class="FunctionName">method</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> Array.prototype[name]
<span class="line-numbers"> 592 </span> wrapper.prototype[name]<span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 593 </span> result(method.apply(<span class="Variable">this</span>._wrapped, arguments), <span class="Variable">this</span>._chain)
<span class="line-numbers"> 594 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 595 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 596 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Start chaining a wrapped Underscore object.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 597 </span> <span class="FunctionName">wrapper::chain</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 598 </span> <span class="FunctionName">this._chain</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="BuiltInConstant">true</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 599 </span> <span class="Variable">this</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 600 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 601 </span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 602 </span> <span class="Comment"><span class="Comment">#</span> Extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object.</span>
<span class="line-numbers"> 603 </span> <span class="FunctionName">wrapper::value</span><span class="Keyword">:</span> <span class="Storage">-&gt;</span> <span class="Variable">this</span>._wrapped
</pre> <p>
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@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
# Beautiful Code, Chapter 6.
# The implementation of binary search that is tested.
# Return the index of an element in a sorted list. (or -1, if not present)
index: (list, target) ->
[low, high]: [0, list.length]
while low < high
mid: (low + high) >> 1
val: list[mid]
return mid if val is target
if val < target then low: mid + 1 else high: mid
return -1
puts 2 is index([10, 20, 30, 40, 50], 30)
puts 4 is index([-97, 35, 67, 88, 1200], 1200)
puts 0 is index([0, 45, 70], 0)

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@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
# Beautiful Code, Chapter 3.
# Produces the expected runtime of Quicksort, for every integer from 1 to N.
runtime: (N) ->
[sum, t]: [0, 0]
for n in [1..N]
sum += 2 * t
t: n - 1 + sum / n
t
puts runtime(3) is 2.6666666666666665
puts runtime(5) is 7.4
puts runtime(8) is 16.92142857142857

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@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
# Beautiful Code, Chapter 1.
# Implements a regular expression matcher that supports character matches,
# '.', '^', '$', and '*'.
# Search for the regexp anywhere in the text.
match: (regexp, text) ->
return match_here(regexp.slice(1), text) if regexp[0] is '^'
while text
return true if match_here(regexp, text)
text: text.slice(1)
false
# Search for the regexp at the beginning of the text.
match_here: (regexp, text) ->
[cur, next]: [regexp[0], regexp[1]]
if regexp.length is 0 then return true
if next is '*' then return match_star(cur, regexp.slice(2), text)
if cur is '$' and not next then return text.length is 0
if text and (cur is '.' or cur is text[0]) then return match_here(regexp.slice(1), text.slice(1))
false
# Search for a kleene star match at the beginning of the text.
match_star: (c, regexp, text) ->
while true
return true if match_here(regexp, text)
return false unless text and (text[0] is c or c is '.')
text: text.slice(1)
puts match("ex", "some text")
puts match("s..t", "spit")
puts match("^..t", "buttercup")
puts match("i..$", "cherries")
puts match("o*m", "vrooooommm!")
puts match("^hel*o$", "hellllllo")

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@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
# After wycats' http://yehudakatz.com/2010/02/07/the-building-blocks-of-ruby/
# Sinatra.
get '/hello', ->
'Hello World'
# Append.
append: (location, data) ->
path: new Pathname location
throw "Location does not exist" unless path.exists()
File.open path, 'a', (file) ->
file.puts YAML.dump data
data
# Rubinius' File.open implementation.
File.open: (path, mode, block) ->
io: new File path, mode
return io unless block
try
block io
finally
try
io.close() unless io.closed()
catch error
# nothing, just swallow them.
# Write.
write: (location, data) ->
path = new Pathname location
raise "Location does not exist" unless path.exists()
File.open path, 'w', (file) ->
return false if Digest.MD5.hexdigest(file.read()) is data.hash()
file.puts YAML.dump data
true
# Rails' respond_to.
index: ->
people: Person.find 'all'
respond_to (format) ->
format.html()
format.xml -> render { xml: people.xml() }
# Synchronization.
synchronize: (block) ->
lock()
try block() finally unlock()

View File

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
# Functions:
square: (x) -> x * x
square: x => x * x.
sum: (x, y) -> x + y
sum: x, y => x + y.
odd: (x) -> x % 2 isnt 0
odd: x => x % 2 is 0.
even: (x) -> x % 2 is 0
even: x => x % 2 isnt 0.
run_loop: ->
fire_events((e) -> e.stopPropagation())
run_loop: =>
fire_events( e => e.stopPropagation(). )
listen()
wait()
wait().
# Objects:
dense_object_literal: {one: 1, two: 2, three: 3}
@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@ spaced_out_multiline_object: {
three: new Idea()
inner_obj: {
freedom: -> _.freedom()
freedom: => _.freedom().
}
}
# Arrays:
stooges: [{moe: 45}, {curly: 43}, {larry: 46}]
stooges : [{moe: 45}, {curly: 43}, {larry: 46}]
exponents: [(x) -> x, (x) -> x * x, (x) -> x * x * x]
exponents : [x => x., x => x * x., x => x * x * x.]
empty: []
@@ -45,25 +45,25 @@ if submarine.shields_up
else if submarine.sinking
abandon_ship()
else
run_away()
run_away().
eldest: if 25 > 21 then liz else marge
eldest: if 25 > 21 then liz else marge.
decoration: medal_of_honor if war_hero
go_to_sleep() unless coffee
# Returning early:
race: ->
race: =>
run()
walk()
crawl()
if tired then return sleep()
race()
if tired then return sleep().
race().
# Conditional assignment:
good ||= evil
wine &&= cheese
good ||: evil
wine &&: cheese
# Nested property access and calls.
((moon.turn(360))).shapes[3].move({x: 45, y: 30}).position['top'].offset('x')
@@ -81,58 +81,58 @@ try
dogs_and_cats_living_together()
throw "up"
catch error
print(error)
print( error )
finally
clean_up()
clean_up().
try all_hell_breaks_loose() catch error then print(error) finally clean_up()
try all_hell_breaks_loose() catch error print(error) finally clean_up().
# While loops, break and continue.
while demand > supply
sell()
restock()
restock().
while supply > demand then buy()
while supply > demand then buy().
while true
break if broken
continue if continuing
continue if continuing.
# Unary operators.
!!true
# Lexical scoping.
v_1: 5
change_a_and_set_b: ->
v_1: 10
v_2: 15
v_2: 20
a: 5
change_a_and_set_b: =>
a: 10
b: 15.
b: 20
# Array comprehensions.
supper: food.capitalize() for food in ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine']
supper: food.capitalize() for food in ['toast', 'cheese', 'wine'].
drink(bottle) for bottle, i in ['soda', 'wine', 'lemonade'] when even(i)
drink(bottle) for bottle, i in ['soda', 'wine', 'lemonade'] if even(i).
# Switch statements ("else" serves as a default).
activity: switch day
when "Tuesday" then eat_breakfast()
when "Sunday" then go_to_church()
when "Saturday" then go_to_the_park()
when "Wednesday"
if day is bingo_day
go_to_bingo()
else
eat_breakfast()
go_to_work()
eat_dinner()
else go_to_work()
when "Tuesday" then eat_breakfast()
when "Sunday" then go_to_church()
when "Saturday" then go_to_the_park()
when "Wednesday"
if day is bingo_day
go_to_bingo()
else
eat_breakfast()
go_to_work()
eat_dinner().
else go_to_work().
# Semicolons can optionally be used instead of newlines.
wednesday: -> eat_breakfast(); go_to_work(); eat_dinner()
wednesday: => eat_breakfast(); go_to_work(); eat_dinner(); .
# Array slice literals.
zero_to_nine: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
three_to_six: zero_to_nine[3..6]
three_to_six: zero_to_nine[3, 6]
# Multiline strings with inner quotes.
story: "Lorem ipsum dolor \"sit\" amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit,
@@ -140,21 +140,21 @@ sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna
aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad."
# Inheritance and calling super.
Animal: ->
Animal::move: (meters) ->
alert(this.name + " moved " + meters + "m.")
Animal: => .
Animal.prototype.move: meters =>
alert(this.name + " moved " + meters + "m.").
Snake: (name) -> this.name: name
Snake extends Animal
Snake::move: ->
Snake: name => this.name: name.
Snake extends new Animal()
Snake.prototype.move: =>
alert('Slithering...')
super(5)
super(5).
Horse: (name) -> this.name: name
Horse extends Animal
Horse::move: ->
Horse: name => this.name: name.
Horse extends new Animal()
Horse.prototype.move: =>
alert('Galloping...')
super(45)
super(45).
sam: new Snake("Sammy the Snake")
tom: new Horse("Tommy the Horse")

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@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
Ported from Nicholas Zakas' collection of computer science fundamentals, written
in JavaScript. Originals available here:
http://github.com/nzakas/computer-science-in-javascript

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@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
# Uses a binary search algorithm to locate a value in the specified array.
binary_search: (items, value) ->
start: 0
stop: items.length - 1
pivot: Math.floor((start + stop) / 2)
while items[pivot] isnt value and start < stop
# Adjust the search area.
stop: pivot - 1 if value < items[pivot]
start: pivot + 1 if value > items[pivot]
# Recalculate the pivot.
pivot: Math.floor((stop + start) / 2)
# Make sure we've found the correct value.
if items[pivot] is value then pivot else -1
# Test the function.
puts(2 is binary_search([10, 20, 30, 40, 50], 30))
puts(4 is binary_search([-97, 35, 67, 88, 1200], 1200))
puts(0 is binary_search([0, 45, 70], 0))
puts(-1 is binary_search([0, 45, 70], 10))

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@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
# A bubble sort implementation, sorting the given array in-place.
bubble_sort: (list) ->
for i in [0...list.length]
for j in [0...list.length - i]
[list[j], list[j+1]]: [list[j+1], list[j]] if list[j] > list[j+1]
list
# Test the function.
puts(bubble_sort([3, 2, 1]).join(' ') is '1 2 3')
puts(bubble_sort([9, 2, 7, 0, 1]).join(' ') is '0 1 2 7 9')

View File

@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
# "Classic" linked list implementation that doesn't keep track of its size.
LinkedList: ->
this._head: null # Pointer to the first item in the list.
# Appends some data to the end of the list. This method traverses the existing
# list and places the value at the end in a new node.
LinkedList::add: (data) ->
# Create a new node object to wrap the data.
node: {data: data, next: null}
current: this._head ||= node
if this._head isnt node
current: current.next while current.next
current.next: node
this
# Retrieves the data at the given position in the list.
LinkedList::item: (index) ->
# Check for out-of-bounds values.
return null if index < 0
current: this._head or null
i: -1
# Advance through the list.
current: current.next while current and index > (i += 1)
# Return null if we've reached the end.
current and current.data
# Remove the item from the given location in the list.
LinkedList::remove: (index) ->
# Check for out-of-bounds values.
return null if index < 0
current: this._head or null
i: -1
# Special case: removing the first item.
if index is 0
this._head: current.next
else
# Find the right location.
[previous, current]: [current, current.next] while index > (i += 1)
# Skip over the item to remove.
previous.next: current.next
# Return the value.
current and current.data
# Calculate the number of items in the list.
LinkedList::size: ->
current: this._head
count: 0
while current
count += 1
current: current.next
count
# Convert the list into an array.
LinkedList::toArray: ->
result: []
current: this._head
while current
result.push(current.data)
current: current.next
result
# The string representation of the linked list.
LinkedList::toString: -> this.toArray().toString()
# Tests.
list: new LinkedList()
list.add("Hi")
puts(list.size() is 1)
puts(list.item(0) is "Hi")
puts(list.item(1) is null)
list: new LinkedList()
list.add("zero").add("one").add("two")
puts(list.size() is 3)
puts(list.item(2) is "two")
puts(list.remove(1) is "one")
puts(list.item(0) is "zero")
puts(list.item(1) is "two")
puts(list.size() is 2)
puts(list.item(-10) is null)

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