mirror of
https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs.git
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@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
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## Introduction
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Under honest majority and certain network synchronicity assumptions
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there exist a block that is safe from re-orgs. Normally this block is
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there exists a block that is safe from re-orgs. Normally this block is
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pretty close to the head of canonical chain which makes it valuable
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to expose a safe block to users.
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@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ Additional preset configurations can be found in the [`configs`](../../configs)
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- The `INACTIVITY_PENALTY_QUOTIENT` equals `INVERSE_SQRT_E_DROP_TIME**2` where `INVERSE_SQRT_E_DROP_TIME := 2**13` epochs (about 36 days) is the time it takes the inactivity penalty to reduce the balance of non-participating validators to about `1/sqrt(e) ~= 60.6%`. Indeed, the balance retained by offline validators after `n` epochs is about `(1 - 1/INACTIVITY_PENALTY_QUOTIENT)**(n**2/2)`; so after `INVERSE_SQRT_E_DROP_TIME` epochs, it is roughly `(1 - 1/INACTIVITY_PENALTY_QUOTIENT)**(INACTIVITY_PENALTY_QUOTIENT/2) ~= 1/sqrt(e)`. Note this value will be upgraded to `2**24` after Phase 0 mainnet stabilizes to provide a faster recovery in the event of an inactivity leak.
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- The `PROPORTIONAL_SLASHING_MULTIPLIER` is set to `1` at initial mainnet launch, resulting in one-third of the minimum accountable safety margin in the event of a finality attack. After Phase 0 mainnet stablizes, this value will be upgraded to `3` to provide the maximal minimum accountable safety margin.
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- The `PROPORTIONAL_SLASHING_MULTIPLIER` is set to `1` at initial mainnet launch, resulting in one-third of the minimum accountable safety margin in the event of a finality attack. After Phase 0 mainnet stabilizes, this value will be upgraded to `3` to provide the maximal minimum accountable safety margin.
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### Max operations per block
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@@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@ def get_total_balance(state: BeaconState, indices: Set[ValidatorIndex]) -> Gwei:
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"""
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Return the combined effective balance of the ``indices``.
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``EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT`` Gwei minimum to avoid divisions by zero.
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Math safe up to ~10B ETH, afterwhich this overflows uint64.
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Math safe up to ~10B ETH, after which this overflows uint64.
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"""
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return Gwei(max(EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT, sum([state.validators[index].effective_balance for index in indices])))
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```
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@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ Given all of this, we can say two things:
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justify an honest chain.
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2. **BNs which are syncing can optimistically import transition blocks.** In
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this case a justified chain already exists blocks. The poison block would be
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quickly reverted and would have no affect on liveness.
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quickly reverted and would have no effect on liveness.
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Astute readers will notice that (2) contains a glaring assumption about network
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liveness. This is necessary because a node cannot feasibly ascertain that the
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@@ -408,13 +408,13 @@ Such a scenario requires manual intervention.
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An alternative to optimistic sync is to run a light client inside/alongside
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beacon nodes that mitigates the need for optimistic sync by providing
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tip-of-chain blocks to the execution engine. However, light clients comes with
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tip-of-chain blocks to the execution engine. However, light clients come with
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their own set of complexities. Relying on light clients may also restrict nodes
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from syncing from genesis, if they so desire.
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A notable thing about optimistic sync is that it's *optional*. Should an
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implementation decide to go the light-client route, then they can just ignore
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optimistic sync all together.
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optimistic sync altogether.
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### What if `TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH` is used?
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