ci: re-organize release workflow

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -9,8 +9,33 @@ updates:
     directory: "/" # Location of package manifests
     schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
-    ignore:
-      - dependency-name: "wasmtime"
-      - dependency-name: "wasi-common"
-      - dependency-name: "wiggle"
 
+  - package-ecosystem: "pip"
+    directory: "python"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "mix"
+    directory: "elixir"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "npm"
+    directory: "node"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "composer"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "bundler"
+    directory: "ruby"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: cargo build --release -p ${{ env.LIBEXTISM_CRATE }}
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
           name: libextism-${{ matrix.os }}
           path: |

.github/workflows/release-dotnet-native.yaml

@@ -20,13 +20,10 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v3.0.3
         with:
            dotnet-version: 7.x
-      - name: download release
-        run: |
-          tag='${{ github.ref }}'
-          tag="${tag/refs\/tags\//}"
-          gh release download "$tag" -p 'libextism-*.tar.gz'
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          workflow: release.yml
+          name: release-artifacts
       - name: Extract Archive
         run: |      
           extract_archive() {

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ on:
 
 name: Release
 
+env:
+  RUNTIME_MANIFEST: runtime/Cargo.toml
+  RUNTIME_CRATE: libextism
+  RUSTFLAGS: -C target-feature=-crt-static
+  ARTIFACT_DIR: release-artifacts
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
@@ -16,11 +21,6 @@ jobs:
   release:
     name: ${{ matrix.os }} ${{ matrix.target }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}-latest
-    env:
-      RUNTIME_MANIFEST: runtime/Cargo.toml
-      RUNTIME_CRATE: libextism
-      RUSTFLAGS: -C target-feature=-crt-static
-      ARTIFACT_DIR: release-artifacts-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
@@ -38,6 +38,20 @@ jobs:
             static-dll-artifact: ''
             pc-in: 'extism.pc.in'
             static-pc-in: 'extism-static.pc.in'
+          - os: 'ubuntu'
+            target: 'aarch64-linux-android'
+            artifact: 'libextism.so'
+            static-artifact: 'libextism.a'
+            static-dll-artifact: ''
+            pc-in: 'extism.pc.in'
+            static-pc-in: 'extism-static.pc.in'
+          - os: 'ubuntu'
+            target: 'x86_64-linux-android'
+            artifact: 'libextism.so'
+            static-artifact: 'libextism.a'
+            static-dll-artifact: ''
+            pc-in: 'extism.pc.in'
+            static-pc-in: 'extism-static.pc.in'
           - os: 'ubuntu'
             target: 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu'
             artifact: 'libextism.so'
@@ -192,7 +206,7 @@ jobs:
           ls -ll ${DEST_DIR}
 
       - name: Upload Artifact to Summary
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
           name: ${{ env.ARTIFACT_DIR }}
           path: ${{ env.ARTIFACT_DIR }}
@@ -211,10 +225,9 @@ jobs:
     needs: [release]
     if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
         with:
-          pattern: release-artifacts-*
-          merge-multiple: true
+          name: ${{ env.ARTIFACT_DIR }}
 
       - uses: "marvinpinto/action-automatic-releases@latest"
         with:

README.md

@@ -36,22 +36,6 @@ function linking, and more. Extism users build:
 - web applications
 - & much more...
 
-# Supported Targets
-
-We currently provide releases for the following targets:
-
-- aarch64-apple-darwin
-- aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
-- aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
-- x86_64-apple-darwin
-- x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
-- x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
-- x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
-- x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
-
-For Android we suggest taking a look at the [Chicory SDK](https://github.com/extism/chicory-sdk) for a pure Java
-Extism runtime.
-
 # Run WebAssembly In Your App
 
 Pick a SDK to import into your program, and refer to the documentation to get

convert-macros/src/lib.rs

@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ fn extract_encoding(attrs: &[Attribute]) -> Result<Path> {
         .iter()
         .filter(|attr| attr.path().is_ident("encoding"))
         .collect();
-    ensure!(!encodings.is_empty(), "encoding needs to be specified"; try = "`#[encoding(Json)]`");
+    ensure!(!encodings.is_empty(), "encoding needs to be specified"; try = "`#[encoding(ToJson)]`");
     ensure!(encodings.len() < 2, encodings[1], "only one encoding can be specified"; try = "remove `{}`", encodings[1].to_token_stream());
 
     Ok(encodings[0].parse_args().map_err(
-        |e| error_message!(e.span(), "{e}"; note= "expects a path"; try = "`#[encoding(Json)]`"),
+        |e| error_message!(e.span(), "{e}"; note= "expects a path"; try = "`#[encoding(ToJson)]`"),
     )?)
 }
 

convert-macros/tests/ui/invalid-encoding.stderr

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 error: encoding needs to be specified
 
-         = try: `#[encoding(Json)]`
+         = try: `#[encoding(ToJson)]`
  --> tests/ui/invalid-encoding.rs:3:10
   |
 3 | #[derive(ToBytes)]
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ error: encoding needs to be specified
 error: expected attribute arguments in parentheses: #[encoding(...)]
 
          = note: expects a path
-         = try: `#[encoding(Json)]`
+         = try: `#[encoding(ToJson)]`
  --> tests/ui/invalid-encoding.rs:7:3
   |
 7 | #[encoding]
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ error: expected attribute arguments in parentheses: #[encoding(...)]
 error: expected parentheses: #[encoding(...)]
 
          = note: expects a path
-         = try: `#[encoding(Json)]`
+         = try: `#[encoding(ToJson)]`
   --> tests/ui/invalid-encoding.rs:11:12
    |
 11 | #[encoding = "string"]
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ error: expected parentheses: #[encoding(...)]
 error: unexpected token
 
          = note: expects a path
-         = try: `#[encoding(Json)]`
+         = try: `#[encoding(ToJson)]`
   --> tests/ui/invalid-encoding.rs:15:21
    |
 15 | #[encoding(something, else)]

convert/Cargo.toml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ description = "Traits to make Rust types usable with Extism"
 anyhow = "1.0.75"
 base64 = "~0.22"
 bytemuck = {version = "1.14.0", optional = true }
-prost = { version = "0.14.1", optional = true }
+prost = { version = "0.13.1", optional = true }
 protobuf = { version = "3.2.0", optional = true }
 rmp-serde = { version = "1.1.2", optional = true }
 serde = "1.0.186"

convert/src/from_bytes.rs

@@ -141,16 +141,6 @@ impl FromBytesOwned for u32 {
     }
 }
 
-impl FromBytesOwned for bool {
-    fn from_bytes_owned(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        if let Some(x) = data.first() {
-            Ok(*x != 0)
-        } else {
-            Err(Error::msg("Expected one byte to read boolean value"))
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl FromBytesOwned for () {
     fn from_bytes_owned(_: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
         Ok(())

convert/src/tests.rs

@@ -61,17 +61,6 @@ fn rountrip_option() {
     assert_eq!(y.unwrap().0, z.unwrap().0);
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn check_bool() {
-    // `None` case
-    let a = true.to_bytes().unwrap();
-    let b = false.to_bytes().unwrap();
-    assert_ne!(a, b);
-
-    assert_eq!(a, [1]);
-    assert_eq!(b, [0]);
-}
-
 #[cfg(all(feature = "raw", target_endian = "little"))]
 mod raw_tests {
     use crate::*;

convert/src/to_bytes.rs

@@ -144,14 +144,6 @@ impl ToBytes<'_> for u32 {
     }
 }
 
-impl ToBytes<'_> for bool {
-    type Bytes = [u8; 1];
-
-    fn to_bytes(&self) -> Result<Self::Bytes, Error> {
-        Ok([*self as u8])
-    }
-}
-
 impl<'a, T: ToBytes<'a>> ToBytes<'a> for &'a T {
     type Bytes = T::Bytes;
 

runtime/Cargo.toml

@@ -9,56 +9,37 @@ repository.workspace = true
 version.workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-wasmtime = { version="37", default-features = false, features = [
-  'cache',
-  'gc',
-  'gc-drc',
-  'cranelift',
-  'coredump',
-  'wat',
-  'parallel-compilation',
-  'pooling-allocator',
-  'demangle',
-] }
-wasi-common = "37"
-wiggle = "37"
+wasmtime = {version = ">= 26.0.0, < 27.0.0"}
+wasi-common = {version = ">= 26.0.0, < 27.0.0"}
+wiggle = {version = ">= 26.0.0, < 27.0.0"}
 anyhow = "1"
-serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
+serde = {version = "1", features = ["derive"]}
 serde_json = "1"
-toml = "0.9"
+toml = "0.8"
 sha2 = "0.10"
 tracing = "0.1"
-tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.18", features = [
-  "std",
-  "env-filter",
-  "fmt",
-] }
+tracing-subscriber = {version = "0.3.18", features = ["std", "env-filter", "fmt"]}
 url = "2"
 glob = "0.3"
-ureq = { version = "3.0", optional = true }
+ureq = {version = "2.5", optional=true}
 extism-manifest = { workspace = true }
 extism-convert = { workspace = true, features = ["extism-path"] }
 uuid = { version = "1", features = ["v4"] }
 libc = "0.2"
 
 [features]
-default = ["http", "register-http", "register-filesystem", "wasmtime-default-features"]
-register-http = ["ureq"]           # enables wasm to be downloaded using http
-register-filesystem = []           # enables wasm to be loaded from disk
-http = ["ureq"]                    # enables extism_http_request
-wasmtime-exceptions = []           # enables exception-handling proposal in wasmtime (requires wasmtime gc feature)
-wasmtime-default-features = [
-  'wasmtime/default',
-]
-
+default = ["http", "register-http", "register-filesystem"]
+register-http = ["ureq"] # enables wasm to be downloaded using http
+register-filesystem = [] # enables wasm to be loaded from disk
+http = ["ureq"]          # enables extism_http_request
 
 [build-dependencies]
-cbindgen = { version = "0.29", default-features = false }
+cbindgen = { version = "0.28", default-features = false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-criterion = "0.7.0"
+criterion = "0.5.1"
 quickcheck = "1"
-rand = "0.9.0"
+rand = "0.8.5"
 
 [[bench]]
 name = "bench"

runtime/README.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ There are a few environment variables that can be used for debugging purposes:
 - `EXTISM_COREDUMP=extism.core`: write [coredump](https://github.com/WebAssembly/tool-conventions/blob/main/Coredump.md) to a file when a WebAssembly function traps
 - `EXTISM_DEBUG=1`: generate debug information
 - `EXTISM_PROFILE=perf|jitdump|vtune`: enable Wasmtime profiling
-- `EXTISM_CACHE_CONFIG=path/to/config.toml`: enable Wasmtime cache, details [here](#wasmtime-caching)
+- `EXTISM_CACHE_CONFIG=path/to/config.toml`: enable Wasmtime cache, see [the docs](https://docs.wasmtime.dev/cli-cache.html) for details about configuration. Setting this to an empty string will disable caching.
 
 > *Note*: The debug and coredump info will only be written if the plug-in has an error.
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ println!("{:?}", res);
 
 ### Plug-in State
 
-Plug-ins may be stateful or stateless. Plug-ins can maintain state between calls by the use of variables. Our count vowels plug-in remembers the total number of vowels it's ever counted in the "total" key in the result. You can see this by making subsequent calls to the export:
+Plug-ins may be stateful or stateless. Plug-ins can maintain state b/w calls by the use of variables. Our count vowels plug-in remembers the total number of vowels it's ever counted in the "total" key in the result. You can see this by making subsequent calls to the export:
 
 ```rust
 let res = plugin.call::<&str, &str>("count_vowels", "Hello, world!").unwrap();
@@ -112,8 +112,7 @@ let mut plugin = Plugin::new(&manifest, [], true);
 let res = plugin.call::<&str, &str>("count_vowels", "Yellow, world!").unwrap();
 println!("{}", res);
 # => {"count": 3, "total": 3, "vowels": "aeiouAEIOU"}
-let manifest = Manifest::new([url]).with_config_key("vowels", "aeiouyAEIOUY");
-let mut plugin = Plugin::new(&manifest, [], true).unwrap();
+let mut plugin = Plugin::new(&manifest, [], true).with_config_key("vowels", "aeiouyAEIOUY");
 let res = plugin.call::<&str, &str>("count_vowels", "Yellow, world!").unwrap();
 println!("{}", res);
 # => {"count": 4, "total": 4, "vowels": "aeiouyAEIOUY"}
@@ -220,52 +219,5 @@ println!("{}", res);
 # => {"count": 3, "total": 6, "vowels": "aeiouAEIOU"}
 ```
 
-### Logging
 
-Plug-ins can't directly print anything to the console. They can however use Extism's built-in logging functionality, for example the [`log!` macro in the rust-pdk](https://docs.rs/extism-pdk/1.4.0/extism_pdk/macro.log.html) or the [`logInfo` function in the haskell-pdk](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/extism-pdk-1.2.0.0/docs/Extism-PDK.html#v:logInfo).
 
-Inside your host application, the rust-sdk emits these as [tracing](https://github.com/tokio-rs/tracing) events. The simplest way to make the logged messages visible is by adding the `tracing_subscriber` dependency to your crate and then initializing a tracing subscriber at the top of your main function:
-
-```rust
-tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
-```
-
-### Wasmtime Caching
-
-To enable or disable caching for plugin compilation, you need to provide a configuration file that will be used by the [wasmtime crate](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime).
-
-For more information and values that can be used for configuring caching, take a look at [the docs](https://docs.wasmtime.dev/cli-cache.html).
-
-> *Note*: As of now extism uses wasmtime [`version = ">= 27.0.0, < 31.0.0"`](https://github.com/extism/extism/blob/v1.11.1/runtime/Cargo.toml#L12), but the `enabled` key requirement [was removed](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/pull/10859) from `wasmtime` and its documentation, this could explain the `failed to parse config file` error you might encounter without it.
-
-An example configuration for caching would be:
-
-```toml
-[cache]
-enabled = true # This value is required
-directory = "/some/path"
-```
-
-You can :
-- [Create a global `wasmtime` configuration file](#using-a-configuration-file) in `$HOME/.config/wasmtime/config.toml`.
-- [Set the `EXTISM_CACHE_CONFIG` environment variable](#using-an-environment-variable)
-- [Set the configuration file path using `PluginBuilder`](#using-pluginbuilder)
-
-#### Using a configuration file
-
-The [wasmtime](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime) crate, by default, will look for a configuration file in your systems' default configuration directory (for example on UNIX systems: `$HOME/.config/wasmtime/config.toml`),
-for more [information on this behaviour](`https://docs.rs/wasmtime/31.0.0/wasmtime/struct.Config.html#method.cache_config_load_default`).
-
-#### Using an environment variable
-
-You can set the `EXTISM_CACHE_CONFIG=path/to/config.toml` environment variable to set the path of the configuration file used by [wasmtime](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime).
-Setting the variable to an empty string will disable caching (it won't load any configuration file).
-
-> *Note*: If the environment variable is not set, `wasmtime` will still try to read from a configuration file that may exist in your system's default configuration folder (e.g. `$HOME/.config/wasmtime/config.toml`).
-
-The environment variable does not override the path you might have set using `PluginBuilder`. will only be checked for if you did not specify a cache configuration path in `PluginBuilder`.
-
-#### Using PluginBuilder
-
-If you use a [PluginBuilder](https://docs.rs/extism/latest/extism/struct.PluginBuilder.html), you can set the `wasmtime` configuration path using the [with_cache_config](https://docs.rs/extism/latest/extism/struct.PluginBuilder.html#method.with_cache_config) method.
-This will override the `EXTISM_CACHE_CONFIG` environment variable if it's set, so you could have a "global" and per plugin configuration if needed.

runtime/examples/fs.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ fn main() {
 
     let res = plugin.call::<&str, &str>("try_read", "").unwrap();
 
-    println!("{res:?}");
+    println!("{:?}", res);
 
     println!("-----------------------------------------------------");
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ fn main() {
     );
     let res2 = plugin.call::<&str, &str>("try_write", &line).unwrap();
 
-    println!("{res2:?}");
+    println!("{:?}", res2);
 
     println!("done!");
 }

runtime/examples/linking.rs

@@ -30,6 +30,6 @@ fn main() {
         let res = plugin
             .call::<&str, &str>("reflect", "Hello, world!")
             .unwrap();
-        println!("{res}");
+        println!("{}", res);
     }
 }

runtime/examples/log_callback.rs

@@ -25,6 +25,6 @@ fn main() {
     println!("Dumping logs");
 
     for line in LOGS.lock().unwrap().iter() {
-        print!("{line}");
+        print!("{}", line);
     }
 }

runtime/examples/readme.rs

@@ -52,6 +52,6 @@ fn main() {
         let res = plugin
             .call::<&str, &str>("count_vowels", "Hello, world!")
             .unwrap();
-        println!("{res}");
+        println!("{}", res);
     }
 }

runtime/extism.h

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ void extism_current_plugin_memory_free(ExtismCurrentPlugin *plugin, ExtismMemory
  * - `n_outputs`: number of return types
  * - `func`: the function to call
  * - `user_data`: a pointer that will be passed to the function when it's called
- *   this value should live as long as the function exists
+ *    this value should live as long as the function exists
  * - `free_user_data`: a callback to release the `user_data` value when the resulting
  *   `ExtismFunction` is freed.
  *
@@ -191,17 +191,6 @@ ExtismCompiledPlugin *extism_compiled_plugin_new(const uint8_t *wasm,
                                                  bool with_wasi,
                                                  char **errmsg);
 
-/**
- * Pre-compile an Extism plugin and set the number of instructions a plugin is allowed to execute
- */
-ExtismCompiledPlugin *extism_compiled_plugin_new_with_fuel_limit(const uint8_t *wasm,
-                                                                 ExtismSize wasm_size,
-                                                                 const ExtismFunction **functions,
-                                                                 ExtismSize n_functions,
-                                                                 bool with_wasi,
-                                                                 uint64_t fuel_limit,
-                                                                 char **errmsg);
-
 /**
  * Free `ExtismCompiledPlugin`
  */

runtime/src/current_plugin.rs

@@ -206,16 +206,15 @@ impl CurrentPlugin {
             anyhow::bail!("expected extism_context to be an externref value",)
         };
 
-        if let Some(d) = xs.data_mut(&mut *store)? {
-            match d.downcast_mut::<Box<dyn std::any::Any + Send + Sync>>() {
-                Some(xs) => match xs.downcast_mut::<T>() {
-                    Some(xs) => Ok(xs),
-                    None => anyhow::bail!("could not downcast extism_context inner value"),
-                },
-                None => anyhow::bail!("could not downcast extism_context"),
-            }
-        } else {
-            anyhow::bail!("extism_context not found")
+        match xs
+            .data_mut(&mut *store)?
+            .downcast_mut::<Box<dyn std::any::Any + Send + Sync>>()
+        {
+            Some(xs) => match xs.downcast_mut::<T>() {
+                Some(xs) => Ok(xs),
+                None => anyhow::bail!("could not downcast extism_context inner value"),
+            },
+            None => anyhow::bail!("could not downcast extism_context"),
         }
     }
 
@@ -477,7 +476,10 @@ impl CurrentPlugin {
             offset: offs,
             length,
         });
-        s.ok()
+        match s {
+            Ok(s) => Some(s),
+            Err(_) => None,
+        }
     }
 
     #[doc(hidden)]

runtime/src/function.rs

@@ -284,8 +284,8 @@ impl Function {
 /// A few things worth noting:
 /// - The function always returns a `Result` that wraps the specified return type
 /// - If a first parameter and type are passed (`_user_data` above) followed by a semicolon it will be
-///   the name of the `UserData` parameter and can be used from inside the function
-//    definition.
+///    the name of the `UserData` parameter and can be used from inside the function
+//     definition.
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! host_fn {
     ($pub:vis $name: ident  ($($arg:ident : $argty:ty),*) $(-> $ret:ty)? $b:block) => {

runtime/src/lib.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ pub(crate) mod manifest;
 pub(crate) mod pdk;
 mod plugin;
 mod plugin_builder;
-mod pool;
 mod readonly_dir;
 mod timer;
 
@@ -44,7 +43,6 @@ pub use plugin::{
     CancelHandle, CompiledPlugin, Plugin, WasmInput, EXTISM_ENV_MODULE, EXTISM_USER_MODULE,
 };
 pub use plugin_builder::{DebugOptions, PluginBuilder};
-pub use pool::{Pool, PoolBuilder, PoolPlugin};
 
 pub(crate) use internal::{Internal, Wasi};
 pub(crate) use timer::{Timer, TimerAction};
@@ -98,7 +96,7 @@ pub fn set_log_callback<F: 'static + Clone + Fn(&str)>(
         let x = tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::builder()
             .with_default_directive(tracing::Level::ERROR.into());
         if is_level {
-            x.parse_lossy(format!("extism={filter}"))
+            x.parse_lossy(format!("extism={}", filter))
         } else {
             x.parse_lossy(filter)
         }

runtime/src/manifest.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use crate::*;
 fn hex(data: &[u8]) -> String {
     let mut s = String::new();
     for &byte in data {
-        write!(&mut s, "{byte:02x}").unwrap();
+        write!(&mut s, "{:02x}", byte).unwrap();
     }
     s
 }
@@ -86,16 +86,14 @@ fn to_module(engine: &Engine, wasm: &extism_manifest::Wasm) -> Result<(String, M
             #[cfg(feature = "register-http")]
             {
                 // Setup request
-                let mut req = ureq::http::request::Builder::new()
-                    .method(method.as_deref().unwrap_or("GET").to_uppercase().as_str())
-                    .uri(url);
+                let mut req = ureq::request(method.as_deref().unwrap_or("GET"), url);
 
                 for (k, v) in headers.iter() {
-                    req = req.header(k, v);
+                    req = req.set(k, v);
                 }
 
                 // Fetch WASM code
-                let mut r = ureq::run(req.body(())?)?.into_body().into_reader();
+                let mut r = req.call()?.into_reader();
                 let mut data = Vec::new();
                 r.read_to_end(&mut data)?;
 

runtime/src/pdk.rs

@@ -233,22 +233,17 @@ pub(crate) fn http_request(
             )));
         }
 
-        let mut r = ureq::http::request::Builder::new()
-            .method(
-                req.method
-                    .as_deref()
-                    .unwrap_or("GET")
-                    .to_uppercase()
-                    .as_str(),
-            )
-            .uri(&req.url);
+        let mut r = ureq::request(req.method.as_deref().unwrap_or("GET"), &req.url);
 
         for (k, v) in req.headers.iter() {
-            r = r.header(k, v);
+            r = r.set(k, v);
         }
 
         // Set HTTP timeout to respect the manifest timeout
-        let timeout = data.time_remaining();
+        if let Some(remaining) = data.time_remaining() {
+            r = r.timeout(remaining);
+        }
+
         let res = if body_offset > 0 {
             let handle = match data.memory_handle(body_offset) {
                 Some(h) => h,
@@ -257,19 +252,9 @@ pub(crate) fn http_request(
                 }
             };
             let buf: &[u8] = data.memory_bytes(handle)?;
-            let agent = ureq::agent();
-            let config = agent
-                .configure_request(r.body(buf)?)
-                .http_status_as_error(false);
-            let req = config.timeout_global(timeout).build();
-            ureq::run(req)
+            r.send_bytes(buf)
         } else {
-            let agent = ureq::agent();
-            let config = agent
-                .configure_request(r.body(())?)
-                .http_status_as_error(false);
-            let req = config.timeout_global(timeout).build();
-            ureq::run(req)
+            r.call()
         };
 
         if let Some(handle) = data.memory_handle(body_offset) {
@@ -279,26 +264,26 @@ pub(crate) fn http_request(
         let reader = match res {
             Ok(res) => {
                 if let Some(headers) = &mut data.http_headers {
-                    for (name, h) in res.headers() {
-                        if let Ok(h) = h.to_str() {
-                            headers.insert(name.as_str().to_string(), h.to_string());
+                    for name in res.headers_names() {
+                        if let Some(h) = res.header(&name) {
+                            headers.insert(name, h.to_string());
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                data.http_status = res.status().as_u16();
-                Some(res.into_body().into_reader())
+                data.http_status = res.status();
+                Some(res.into_reader())
             }
             Err(e) => {
                 // Catch timeout and return
                 if let Some(d) = data.time_remaining() {
-                    if matches!(e, ureq::Error::Timeout(_)) && d.as_nanos() == 0 {
+                    if e.kind() == ureq::ErrorKind::Io && d.as_nanos() == 0 {
                         anyhow::bail!("timeout");
                     }
                 }
                 let msg = e.to_string();
-                if let ureq::Error::StatusCode(res) = e {
-                    data.http_status = res;
-                    None
+                if let Some(res) = e.into_response() {
+                    data.http_status = res.status();
+                    Some(res.into_reader())
                 } else {
                     return Err(Error::msg(msg));
                 }

runtime/src/plugin.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 use std::{
     any::Any,
     collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet},
-    path::PathBuf,
-    sync::TryLockError,
 };
 
 use anyhow::Context;
@@ -61,16 +59,26 @@ impl CompiledPlugin {
             .wasm_tail_call(true)
             .wasm_function_references(true)
             .wasm_gc(true);
-        #[cfg(feature = "wasmtime-exceptions")]
-        {
-            config.wasm_exceptions(true);
-        }
 
         if builder.options.fuel.is_some() {
             config.consume_fuel(true);
         }
 
-        config.cache(Self::configure_cache(&builder.options.cache_config)?);
+        match &builder.options.cache_config {
+            Some(None) => (),
+            Some(Some(path)) => {
+                config.cache_config_load(path)?;
+            }
+            None => {
+                if let Ok(env) = std::env::var("EXTISM_CACHE_CONFIG") {
+                    if !env.is_empty() {
+                        config.cache_config_load(&env)?;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    config.cache_config_load_default()?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
         let engine = Engine::new(&config)?;
 
@@ -88,43 +96,6 @@ impl CompiledPlugin {
             engine,
         })
     }
-
-    /// Return optional cache according to builder options.
-    fn configure_cache(
-        cache_opt: &Option<Option<std::path::PathBuf>>,
-    ) -> Result<Option<wasmtime::Cache>, Error> {
-        match cache_opt {
-            // Explicitly disabled
-            Some(None) => Ok(None),
-
-            // Explicit path
-            Some(Some(p)) => {
-                let cache = wasmtime::Cache::from_file(Some(p.as_path()))?;
-                Ok(Some(cache))
-            }
-
-            // Unspecified, try environment, then system fallback
-            None => {
-                match std::env::var_os("EXTISM_CACHE_CONFIG") {
-                    Some(val) => {
-                        if val.is_empty() {
-                            // Disable cache if env var exists but is empty
-                            Ok(None)
-                        } else {
-                            let p = PathBuf::from(val);
-                            let cache = wasmtime::Cache::from_file(Some(p.as_path()))?;
-                            Ok(Some(cache))
-                        }
-                    }
-                    None => {
-                        // load cache configuration from the system default path
-                        let cache = wasmtime::Cache::from_file(None)?;
-                        Ok(Some(cache))
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 /// Plugin contains everything needed to execute a WASM function
@@ -219,7 +190,6 @@ pub(crate) fn profiling_strategy() -> ProfilingStrategy {
 /// Defines an input type for Wasm data.
 ///
 /// Types that implement `Into<WasmInput>` can be passed directly into `Plugin::new`
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub enum WasmInput<'a> {
     /// Raw Wasm module
     Data(std::borrow::Cow<'a, [u8]>),
@@ -372,7 +342,6 @@ fn relink(
                 let (kind, ty) = match import.ty() {
                     ExternType::Func(t) => ("function", t.to_string()),
                     ExternType::Global(t) => ("global", t.content().to_string()),
-                    ExternType::Tag(t) => ("tag", t.ty().to_string()),
                     ExternType::Table(t) => ("table", t.element().to_string()),
                     ExternType::Memory(_) => ("memory", String::new()),
                 };
@@ -886,20 +855,15 @@ impl Plugin {
 
         // Set host context
         let r = if let Some(host_context) = host_context {
-            if let Some(inner) = self
+            let inner = self
                 .host_context
                 .data_mut(&mut self.store)
-                .map_err(|x| (x, -1))?
-            {
-                if let Some(inner) = inner.downcast_mut::<Box<dyn std::any::Any + Send + Sync>>() {
-                    let x: Box<T> = Box::new(host_context);
-                    *inner = x;
-                }
-
-                Some(self.host_context)
-            } else {
-                None
+                .map_err(|x| (x, -1))?;
+            if let Some(inner) = inner.downcast_mut::<Box<dyn std::any::Any + Send + Sync>>() {
+                let x: Box<T> = Box::new(host_context);
+                *inner = x;
             }
+            Some(self.host_context)
         } else {
             None
         };
@@ -942,7 +906,7 @@ impl Plugin {
         let mut res = func.call(self.store_mut(), &[], results.as_mut_slice());
 
         // Reset host context
-        if let Ok(Some(inner)) = self.host_context.data_mut(&mut self.store) {
+        if let Ok(inner) = self.host_context.data_mut(&mut self.store) {
             if let Some(inner) = inner.downcast_mut::<Box<dyn std::any::Any + Send + Sync>>() {
                 let x: Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync> = Box::new(());
                 *inner = x;
@@ -992,7 +956,8 @@ impl Plugin {
                     }
                     Err(msg) => {
                         res = Err(Error::msg(format!(
-                            "unable to load error message from memory: {msg}",
+                            "unable to load error message from memory: {}",
+                            msg,
                         )));
                     }
                 }
@@ -1118,12 +1083,7 @@ impl Plugin {
         input: T,
     ) -> Result<U, Error> {
         let lock = self.instance.clone();
-        let mut lock = lock.try_lock().map_err(|e| match e {
-            TryLockError::Poisoned(_) => anyhow::anyhow!(
-                "instance lock was poisoned; previous thread panicked while calling into wasm"
-            ),
-            TryLockError::WouldBlock => anyhow::anyhow!("cannot make reentrant calls into plugin"),
-        })?;
+        let mut lock = lock.lock().unwrap();
         let data = input.to_bytes()?;
         self.raw_call(&mut lock, name, data, None::<()>)
             .map_err(|e| e.0)
@@ -1148,12 +1108,7 @@ impl Plugin {
         C: Any + Send + Sync + 'static,
     {
         let lock = self.instance.clone();
-        let mut lock = lock.try_lock().map_err(|e| match e {
-            TryLockError::Poisoned(_) => anyhow::anyhow!(
-                "instance lock was poisoned; previous thread panicked while calling into wasm"
-            ),
-            TryLockError::WouldBlock => anyhow::anyhow!("cannot make reentrant calls into plugin"),
-        })?;
+        let mut lock = lock.lock().unwrap();
         let data = input.to_bytes()?;
         self.raw_call(&mut lock, name, data, Some(host_context))
             .map_err(|e| e.0)
@@ -1172,18 +1127,7 @@ impl Plugin {
         input: T,
     ) -> Result<U, (Error, i32)> {
         let lock = self.instance.clone();
-        let mut lock = lock.try_lock().map_err(|e| match e {
-            TryLockError::Poisoned(_) => (
-                anyhow::anyhow!(
-                    "instance lock was poisoned; previous thread panicked while calling into wasm"
-                ),
-                -1,
-            ),
-            TryLockError::WouldBlock => (
-                anyhow::anyhow!("cannot make reentrant calls into plugin"),
-                -1,
-            ),
-        })?;
+        let mut lock = lock.lock().unwrap();
         let data = input.to_bytes().map_err(|e| (e, -1))?;
         self.raw_call(&mut lock, name, data, None::<()>)
             .and_then(move |_| self.output().map_err(|e| (e, -1)))

runtime/src/plugin_builder.rs

@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ impl Default for DebugOptions {
 }
 
 /// PluginBuilder is used to configure and create `Plugin` instances
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct PluginBuilder<'a> {
     pub(crate) source: WasmInput<'a>,
     pub(crate) config: Option<wasmtime::Config>,

runtime/src/pool.rs

@@ -1,195 +0,0 @@
-use crate::{Error, FromBytesOwned, Plugin, ToBytes};
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::sync::RwLock;
-
-// `PoolBuilder` is used to configure and create `Pool`s
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct PoolBuilder {
-    /// Max number of concurrent instances for a plugin - by default this is set to
-    /// the output of `std::thread::available_parallelism`
-    pub max_instances: usize,
-}
-
-impl PoolBuilder {
-    /// Create a `PoolBuilder` with default values
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self::default()
-    }
-
-    /// Set the max number of parallel instances
-    pub fn with_max_instances(mut self, n: usize) -> Self {
-        self.max_instances = n;
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Create a new `Pool` with the given configuration
-    pub fn build<F: 'static + Fn() -> Result<Plugin, Error>>(self, source: F) -> Pool {
-        Pool::new_from_builder(source, self)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Default for PoolBuilder {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        PoolBuilder {
-            max_instances: std::thread::available_parallelism()
-                .expect("available parallelism")
-                .into(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// `PoolPlugin` is used by the pool to track the number of live instances of a particular plugin
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct PoolPlugin(std::rc::Rc<std::cell::RefCell<Plugin>>);
-
-impl PoolPlugin {
-    fn new(plugin: Plugin) -> Self {
-        Self(std::rc::Rc::new(std::cell::RefCell::new(plugin)))
-    }
-
-    /// Access the underlying plugin
-    pub fn plugin(&self) -> std::cell::RefMut<'_, Plugin> {
-        self.0.borrow_mut()
-    }
-
-    /// Helper to call a plugin function on the underlying plugin
-    pub fn call<'a, Input: ToBytes<'a>, Output: FromBytesOwned>(
-        &self,
-        name: impl AsRef<str>,
-        input: Input,
-    ) -> Result<Output, Error> {
-        self.plugin().call(name.as_ref(), input)
-    }
-
-    /// Helper to get the underlying plugin's ID
-    pub fn id(&self) -> uuid::Uuid {
-        self.plugin().id
-    }
-}
-
-type PluginSource = dyn Fn() -> Result<Plugin, Error>;
-
-struct PoolInner {
-    plugin_source: Box<PluginSource>,
-    instances: Vec<PoolPlugin>,
-}
-
-unsafe impl Send for PoolInner {}
-unsafe impl Sync for PoolInner {}
-
-/// `Pool` manages threadsafe access to a limited number of instances of multiple plugins
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct Pool {
-    config: PoolBuilder,
-    inner: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<PoolInner>>,
-    existing_functions: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, bool>>>,
-}
-
-unsafe impl Send for Pool {}
-unsafe impl Sync for Pool {}
-
-impl Pool {
-    /// Create a new pool with the default configuration
-    pub fn new<F: 'static + Fn() -> Result<Plugin, Error>>(source: F) -> Self {
-        Self::new_from_builder(Box::new(source), PoolBuilder::default())
-    }
-
-    /// Create a new pool configured using a `PoolBuilder`
-    pub fn new_from_builder<F: 'static + Fn() -> Result<Plugin, Error>>(
-        source: F,
-        builder: PoolBuilder,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Pool {
-            config: builder,
-            inner: Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new(PoolInner {
-                plugin_source: Box::new(source),
-                instances: Default::default(),
-            })),
-            existing_functions: RwLock::new(HashMap::default()).into(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn find_available(&self) -> Result<Option<PoolPlugin>, Error> {
-        let pool = self.inner.lock().unwrap();
-        for instance in pool.instances.iter() {
-            if std::rc::Rc::strong_count(&instance.0) == 1 {
-                return Ok(Some(instance.clone()));
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(None)
-    }
-
-    /// Get the number of live instances for a plugin
-    pub fn count(&self) -> usize {
-        self.inner.lock().unwrap().instances.len()
-    }
-
-    /// Get access to a plugin, this will create a new instance if needed (and allowed by the specified
-    /// max_instances). `Ok(None)` is returned if the timeout is reached before an available plugin could be
-    /// acquired
-    pub fn get(&self, timeout: std::time::Duration) -> Result<Option<PoolPlugin>, Error> {
-        let start = std::time::Instant::now();
-        let max = self.config.max_instances;
-        if let Some(avail) = self.find_available()? {
-            return Ok(Some(avail));
-        }
-
-        {
-            let mut pool = self.inner.lock().unwrap();
-            if pool.instances.len() < max {
-                let plugin = (*pool.plugin_source)()?;
-                let instance = PoolPlugin::new(plugin);
-                pool.instances.push(instance);
-                return Ok(Some(pool.instances.last().unwrap().clone()));
-            }
-        }
-
-        loop {
-            if let Ok(Some(x)) = self.find_available() {
-                return Ok(Some(x));
-            }
-            if std::time::Instant::now() - start > timeout {
-                return Ok(None);
-            }
-
-            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100));
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Access a plugin in a callback function. This calls `Pool::get` then the provided
-    /// callback. `Ok(None)` is returned if the timeout is reached before an available
-    /// plugin could be acquired
-    pub fn with_plugin<T>(
-        &self,
-        timeout: std::time::Duration,
-        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Plugin) -> Result<T, Error>,
-    ) -> Result<Option<T>, Error> {
-        if let Some(plugin) = self.get(timeout)? {
-            return f(&mut plugin.plugin()).map(Some);
-        }
-        Ok(None)
-    }
-
-    /// Returns `true` if the given function exists, otherwise `false`. Results are cached
-    /// after the first call.
-    pub fn function_exists(&self, name: &str, timeout: std::time::Duration) -> Result<bool, Error> {
-        // read current value if any
-        let read = self.existing_functions.read().unwrap();
-        let exists_opt = read.get(name).cloned();
-        drop(read);
-        if let Some(exists) = exists_opt {
-            Ok(exists)
-        } else {
-            // load plugin and call function_exists
-            let plugin = self.get(timeout)?;
-            let exists = plugin.unwrap().0.borrow().function_exists(name);
-
-            // write result to hashmap
-            let mut write = self.existing_functions.write().unwrap();
-            write.insert(name.to_string(), exists);
-
-            Ok(exists)
-        }
-    }
-}

runtime/src/sdk.rs

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn extism_current_plugin_memory_free(
 /// - `n_outputs`: number of return types
 /// - `func`: the function to call
 /// - `user_data`: a pointer that will be passed to the function when it's called
-///   this value should live as long as the function exists
+///    this value should live as long as the function exists
 /// - `free_user_data`: a callback to release the `user_data` value when the resulting
 ///   `ExtismFunction` is freed.
 ///
@@ -363,70 +363,6 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn extism_compiled_plugin_new(
         })
 }
 
-/// Pre-compile an Extism plugin and set the number of instructions a plugin is allowed to execute
-#[no_mangle]
-pub unsafe extern "C" fn extism_compiled_plugin_new_with_fuel_limit(
-    wasm: *const u8,
-    wasm_size: Size,
-    functions: *mut *const ExtismFunction,
-    n_functions: Size,
-    with_wasi: bool,
-    fuel_limit: u64,
-    errmsg: *mut *mut std::ffi::c_char,
-) -> *mut CompiledPlugin {
-    trace!("Call to extism_plugin_new with wasm pointer {:?}", wasm);
-    let data = std::slice::from_raw_parts(wasm, wasm_size as usize);
-
-    let mut builder = PluginBuilder::new(data)
-        .with_wasi(with_wasi)
-        .with_fuel_limit(fuel_limit);
-
-    if !functions.is_null() {
-        let funcs = (0..n_functions)
-            .map(|i| unsafe { *functions.add(i as usize) })
-            .map(|ptr| {
-                if ptr.is_null() {
-                    return Err("Cannot pass null pointer");
-                }
-
-                let ExtismFunction(func) = &*ptr;
-                let Some(func) = func.take() else {
-                    return Err("Function cannot be registered with multiple different Plugins");
-                };
-
-                Ok(func)
-            })
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-                if !errmsg.is_null() {
-                    let e = std::ffi::CString::new(e.to_string()).unwrap();
-                    *errmsg = e.into_raw();
-                }
-                Vec::new()
-            });
-
-        if funcs.len() != n_functions as usize {
-            return std::ptr::null_mut();
-        }
-
-        builder = builder.with_functions(funcs);
-    }
-
-    CompiledPlugin::new(builder)
-        .map(|v| Box::into_raw(Box::new(v)))
-        .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-            if !errmsg.is_null() {
-                let e = std::ffi::CString::new(format!(
-                    "Unable to compile Extism plugin: {}",
-                    e.root_cause(),
-                ))
-                .unwrap();
-                *errmsg = e.into_raw();
-            }
-            std::ptr::null_mut()
-        })
-}
-
 /// Free `ExtismCompiledPlugin`
 #[no_mangle]
 pub unsafe extern "C" fn extism_compiled_plugin_free(plugin: *mut CompiledPlugin) {
@@ -935,7 +871,7 @@ fn set_log_file(log_file: impl Into<std::path::PathBuf>, filter: &str) -> Result
         let x = tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::builder()
             .with_default_directive(tracing::Level::ERROR.into());
         if is_level {
-            x.parse_lossy(format!("extism={filter}"))
+            x.parse_lossy(format!("extism={}", filter))
         } else {
             x.parse_lossy(filter)
         }
@@ -990,7 +926,7 @@ unsafe fn set_log_buffer(filter: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let x = tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::builder()
             .with_default_directive(tracing::Level::ERROR.into());
         if is_level {
-            x.parse_lossy(format!("extism={filter}"))
+            x.parse_lossy(format!("extism={}", filter))
         } else {
             x.parse_lossy(filter)
         }

runtime/src/tests/issues.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ fn test_issue_620() {
     // Call test method, this does not work
     let p = plugin.call::<(), String>("test", ()).unwrap();
 
-    println!("{p}");
+    println!("{}", p);
 }
 
 // https://github.com/extism/extism/issues/619
@@ -53,5 +53,5 @@ fn test_issue_775() {
         Ok(code) => Err(code),
     }
     .unwrap();
-    println!("{p}");
+    println!("{}", p);
 }

runtime/src/tests/kernel.rs

@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ quickcheck! {
 quickcheck! {
     fn check_alloc_with_load_and_store(amounts: Vec<u16>) -> bool {
         use rand::Rng;
-        let mut rng = rand::rng();
+        let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
         let (mut store, mut instance) = init_kernel_test();
         let instance = &mut instance;
         for a in amounts {
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ quickcheck! {
             }
 
             for _ in 0..16 {
-                let i = rng.random_range(ptr..ptr+a as u64);
+                let i = rng.gen_range(ptr..ptr+a as u64);
                 extism_store_u8(&mut store, instance, i, i as u8);
                 if extism_load_u8(&mut store, instance, i as u64) != i as u8 {
                     return false

runtime/src/tests/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 mod issues;
 mod kernel;
-mod pool;
 mod runtime;

runtime/src/tests/pool.rs

@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-use crate::*;
-use std::time::Duration;
-
-fn run_thread(p: Pool, i: u64) -> std::thread::JoinHandle<()> {
-    std::thread::spawn(move || {
-        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(i));
-        let s: String = p
-            .get(Duration::from_secs(1))
-            .unwrap()
-            .unwrap()
-            .call("count_vowels", "abc")
-            .unwrap();
-        println!("{s}");
-    })
-}
-
-fn init(max_instances: usize) -> Pool {
-    let data = include_bytes!("../../../wasm/code.wasm");
-    let plugin_builder =
-        extism::PluginBuilder::new(extism::Manifest::new([extism::Wasm::data(data)]))
-            .with_wasi(true);
-    PoolBuilder::new()
-        .with_max_instances(max_instances)
-        .build(move || plugin_builder.clone().build())
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_threads() {
-    for i in 1..=3 {
-        let pool = init(i);
-        let threads = vec![
-            run_thread(pool.clone(), 1000),
-            run_thread(pool.clone(), 1000),
-            run_thread(pool.clone(), 1000),
-            run_thread(pool.clone(), 1000),
-            run_thread(pool.clone(), 1000),
-            run_thread(pool.clone(), 1000),
-            run_thread(pool.clone(), 500),
-            run_thread(pool.clone(), 500),
-            run_thread(pool.clone(), 500),
-            run_thread(pool.clone(), 500),
-            run_thread(pool.clone(), 500),
-            run_thread(pool.clone(), 0),
-        ];
-
-        for t in threads {
-            t.join().unwrap();
-        }
-
-        assert!(pool.count() <= i);
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_exists() -> Result<(), Error> {
-    let pool = init(1);
-    let timeout = Duration::from_secs(1);
-    assert!(pool.function_exists("count_vowels", timeout)?);
-    assert!(pool.function_exists("count_vowels", timeout)?);
-    assert!(!pool.function_exists("not_existing", timeout)?);
-    assert!(!pool.function_exists("not_existing", timeout)?);
-    Ok(())
-}

runtime/src/tests/runtime.rs

@@ -133,7 +133,10 @@ fn it_works() {
         .unwrap();
     let native_avg: std::time::Duration = native_sum / native_num_tests as u32;
 
-    println!("native function call (avg, N = {native_num_tests}): {native_avg:?}");
+    println!(
+        "native function call (avg, N = {}): {:?}",
+        native_num_tests, native_avg
+    );
 
     let num_tests = test_times.len();
     let sum: std::time::Duration = test_times
@@ -142,7 +145,7 @@ fn it_works() {
         .unwrap();
     let avg: std::time::Duration = sum / num_tests as u32;
 
-    println!("wasm function call (avg, N = {num_tests}): {avg:?}");
+    println!("wasm function call (avg, N = {}): {:?}", num_tests, avg);
 
     // Check that log file was written to
     if log {
@@ -209,7 +212,7 @@ fn test_cancel() {
         let _output: Result<&[u8], Error> = plugin.call("loop_forever", "abc123");
         let end = std::time::Instant::now();
         let time = end - start;
-        println!("Cancelled plugin ran for {time:?}");
+        println!("Cancelled plugin ran for {:?}", time);
     }
 }
 
@@ -268,7 +271,7 @@ fn test_fuel_consumption() {
     assert!(output.is_err());
 
     let fuel_consumed = plugin.fuel_consumed().unwrap();
-    println!("Fuel consumed: {fuel_consumed}");
+    println!("Fuel consumed: {}", fuel_consumed);
     assert!(fuel_consumed > 0);
 }
 
@@ -437,7 +440,7 @@ fn test_memory_max() {
     assert!(output.is_err());
 
     let err = output.unwrap_err().root_cause().to_string();
-    println!("{err:?}");
+    println!("{:?}", err);
     assert_eq!(err, "oom");
 
     // Should pass with memory.max set to a large enough number
@@ -500,7 +503,7 @@ fn test_extism_error() {
     let mut plugin = Plugin::new(&manifest, [f], true).unwrap();
     let output: Result<String, Error> = plugin.call("count_vowels", "a".repeat(1024));
     assert!(output.is_err());
-    println!("{output:?}");
+    println!("{:?}", output);
     assert_eq!(output.unwrap_err().root_cause().to_string(), "TEST");
 }
 
@@ -820,7 +823,7 @@ fn test_http_response_headers() {
     .unwrap();
     let req = HttpRequest::new("https://extism.org");
     let Json(res): Json<HashMap<String, String>> = plugin.call("http_get", Json(req)).unwrap();
-    println!("{res:?}");
+    println!("{:?}", res);
     assert_eq!(res["content-type"], "text/html; charset=utf-8");
 }
 
@@ -835,6 +838,6 @@ fn test_http_response_headers_disabled() {
     .unwrap();
     let req = HttpRequest::new("https://extism.org");
     let Json(res): Json<HashMap<String, String>> = plugin.call("http_get", Json(req)).unwrap();
-    println!("{res:?}");
+    println!("{:?}", res);
     assert!(res.is_empty());
 }