fix: uncomparable values in acc table (#701 )

ci: make gpu tests single threaded (#700 )
chore: fold div_rebasing parameter into calibration (#699 )
2026-01-13 00:08:12 -05:00 · 2024-02-02 15:13:29 +00:00 · 2024-01-31 18:19:29 +00:00 · 2024-01-31 10:03:12 +00:00 · 2024-01-30 18:37:57 +00:00 · 2024-01-25 19:48:13 +00:00
24 changed files with 1099 additions and 140 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/rust.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/rust.yml
@@ -313,6 +313,8 @@ jobs:
        run: (hash svm 2>/dev/null || cargo install svm-rs) && svm install 0.8.20 && solc --version
      - name: Install Anvil
        run: cargo install --git https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry --rev 95a93cd397f25f3f8d49d2851eb52bc2d52dd983 --profile local --locked anvil --force
+      - name: KZG prove and verify tests (EVM + VK rendered seperately)
+        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests_evm::kzg_evm_prove_and_verify_render_seperately_ --test-threads 1
      - name: KZG prove and verify tests (EVM + kzg all)
        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests_evm::kzg_evm_kzg_all_prove_and_verify --test-threads 1
      - name: KZG prove and verify tests (EVM + kzg inputs)
@@ -425,21 +427,21 @@ jobs:
          crate: cargo-nextest
          locked: true
      - name: KZG prove and verify tests (kzg outputs)
-        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::kzg_prove_and_verify_kzg_output --features icicle --test-threads 2
+        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::kzg_prove_and_verify_kzg_output --features icicle --test-threads 1
      - name: KZG prove and verify tests (public outputs + column overflow)
-        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::kzg_prove_and_verify_with_overflow_::w --features icicle  --test-threads 2
+        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::kzg_prove_and_verify_with_overflow_::w --features icicle  --test-threads 1
      - name: KZG prove and verify tests (public outputs + fixed params + column overflow)
-        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::kzg_prove_and_verify_with_overflow_fixed_params_ --features icicle  --test-threads 2
+        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::kzg_prove_and_verify_with_overflow_fixed_params_ --features icicle  --test-threads 1
      - name: KZG prove and verify tests (public outputs)
-        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::kzg_prove_and_verify_::t --features icicle  --test-threads 2
+        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::kzg_prove_and_verify_::t --features icicle  --test-threads 1
      - name: KZG prove and verify tests (public outputs + column overflow)
-        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::kzg_prove_and_verify_::t --features icicle  --test-threads 2
+        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::kzg_prove_and_verify_::t --features icicle  --test-threads 1
      - name: KZG prove and verify tests (public inputs)
-        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::kzg_prove_and_verify_public_input --features icicle  --test-threads 2
+        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::kzg_prove_and_verify_public_input --features icicle  --test-threads 1
      - name: KZG prove and verify tests (fixed params)
-        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::kzg_prove_and_verify_fixed_params --features icicle  --test-threads 2
+        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::kzg_prove_and_verify_fixed_params --features icicle  --test-threads 1
      - name: KZG prove and verify tests (hashed outputs)
-        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::kzg_prove_and_verify_hashed --features icicle  --test-threads 2
+        run: cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::kzg_prove_and_verify_hashed --features icicle  --test-threads 1

  fuzz-tests:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest-32-cores
@@ -601,6 +603,8 @@ jobs:
        run: python -m venv .env; source .env/bin/activate; pip install -r requirements.txt;
      - name: Build python ezkl
        run: source .env/bin/activate; maturin develop --features python-bindings --release
+      - name: Div rebase
+        run: source .env/bin/activate; cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::accuracy_measurement_div_rebase_
      - name: Public inputs
        run: source .env/bin/activate; cargo nextest run --release --verbose tests::accuracy_measurement_public_inputs_
      - name: fixed params
@@ -653,4 +657,3 @@ jobs:
        run: source .env/bin/activate; cargo nextest run py_tests::tests::tictactoe_ --no-capture
      # - name: Postgres tutorials
      #   run: source .env/bin/activate; cargo nextest run py_tests::tests::postgres_ --test-threads 1
-     
--- a/benches/accum_matmul_relu.rs
+++ b/benches/accum_matmul_relu.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, BenchmarkId, Criterion, Throughput};
+use ezkl::circuit::table::Range;
 use ezkl::circuit::*;

 use ezkl::circuit::lookup::LookupOp;
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ use halo2_proofs::{
 use halo2curves::bn256::{Bn256, Fr};
 use std::marker::PhantomData;

-const BITS: (i128, i128) = (-32768, 32768);
+const BITS: Range = (-32768, 32768);
 static mut LEN: usize = 4;
 const K: usize = 16;

--- a/benches/accum_matmul_relu_overflow.rs
+++ b/benches/accum_matmul_relu_overflow.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use ezkl::circuit::*;

 use ezkl::circuit::lookup::LookupOp;
 use ezkl::circuit::poly::PolyOp;
+use ezkl::circuit::table::Range;
 use ezkl::pfsys::create_proof_circuit_kzg;
 use ezkl::pfsys::TranscriptType;
 use ezkl::pfsys::{create_keys, srs::gen_srs};
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ use halo2_proofs::{
 use halo2curves::bn256::{Bn256, Fr};
 use std::marker::PhantomData;

-const BITS: (i128, i128) = (-8180, 8180);
+const BITS: Range = (-8180, 8180);
 static mut LEN: usize = 4;
 static mut K: usize = 16;

--- a/benches/relu.rs
+++ b/benches/relu.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, BenchmarkId, Criterion, Throughput};
 use ezkl::circuit::region::RegionCtx;
+use ezkl::circuit::table::Range;
 use ezkl::circuit::{ops::lookup::LookupOp, BaseConfig as Config, CheckMode};
 use ezkl::pfsys::create_proof_circuit_kzg;
 use ezkl::pfsys::TranscriptType;
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ use halo2_proofs::{
 use halo2curves::bn256::{Bn256, Fr};
 use rand::Rng;

-const BITS: (i128, i128) = (-32768, 32768);
+const BITS: Range = (-32768, 32768);
 static mut LEN: usize = 4;
 const K: usize = 16;

--- a/src/circuit/ops/chip.rs
+++ b/src/circuit/ops/chip.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

 use crate::{
    circuit::ops::base::BaseOp,
-    circuit::{table::Table, utils},
+    circuit::{
+        table::{Range, RangeCheck, Table},
+        utils,
+    },
    tensor::{Tensor, TensorType, ValTensor, VarTensor},
 };
 use std::{collections::BTreeMap, error::Error, marker::PhantomData};
@@ -176,6 +179,10 @@ pub struct BaseConfig<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd> {
    pub lookup_selectors: BTreeMap<(LookupOp, usize, usize), Selector>,
    ///
    pub tables: BTreeMap<LookupOp, Table<F>>,
+    ///
+    pub range_checks: BTreeMap<Range, RangeCheck<F>>,
+    /// [Selector]s generated when configuring the layer. We use a [BTreeMap] as we expect to configure many lookup ops.
+    pub range_check_selectors: BTreeMap<(Range, usize, usize), Selector>,
    /// Activate sanity checks
    pub check_mode: CheckMode,
    _marker: PhantomData<F>,
@@ -194,7 +201,9 @@ impl<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd> BaseConfig<F> {
            lookup_index: dummy_var,
            selectors: BTreeMap::new(),
            lookup_selectors: BTreeMap::new(),
+            range_check_selectors: BTreeMap::new(),
            tables: BTreeMap::new(),
+            range_checks: BTreeMap::new(),
            check_mode: CheckMode::SAFE,
            _marker: PhantomData,
        }
@@ -325,11 +334,13 @@ impl<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd> BaseConfig<F> {
        Self {
            selectors,
            lookup_selectors: BTreeMap::new(),
+            range_check_selectors: BTreeMap::new(),
            inputs: inputs.to_vec(),
            lookup_input: VarTensor::Empty,
            lookup_output: VarTensor::Empty,
            lookup_index: VarTensor::Empty,
            tables: BTreeMap::new(),
+            range_checks: BTreeMap::new(),
            output: output.clone(),
            check_mode,
            _marker: PhantomData,
@@ -344,7 +355,7 @@ impl<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd> BaseConfig<F> {
        input: &VarTensor,
        output: &VarTensor,
        index: &VarTensor,
-        lookup_range: (i128, i128),
+        lookup_range: Range,
        logrows: usize,
        nl: &LookupOp,
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>>
@@ -482,6 +493,74 @@ impl<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd> BaseConfig<F> {
        Ok(())
    }

+    /// Configures and creates lookup selectors
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    pub fn configure_range_check(
+        &mut self,
+        cs: &mut ConstraintSystem<F>,
+        input: &VarTensor,
+        range: Range,
+    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>>
+    where
+        F: Field,
+    {
+        let mut selectors = BTreeMap::new();
+
+        if !input.is_advice() {
+            return Err("wrong input type for lookup input".into());
+        }
+
+        // we borrow mutably twice so we need to do this dance
+
+        let range_check = if !self.range_checks.contains_key(&range) {
+            // as all tables have the same input we see if there's another table who's input we can reuse
+            let range_check = RangeCheck::<F>::configure(cs, range);
+            self.range_checks.insert(range, range_check.clone());
+            range_check
+        } else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+
+        for x in 0..input.num_blocks() {
+            for y in 0..input.num_inner_cols() {
+                let single_col_sel = cs.complex_selector();
+
+                cs.lookup("", |cs| {
+                    let mut res = vec![];
+                    let sel = cs.query_selector(single_col_sel);
+
+                    let input_query = match &input {
+                        VarTensor::Advice { inner: advices, .. } => {
+                            cs.query_advice(advices[x][y], Rotation(0))
+                        }
+                        _ => unreachable!(),
+                    };
+
+                    let default_x = range_check.get_first_element();
+
+                    let not_sel = Expression::Constant(F::ONE) - sel.clone();
+
+                    res.extend([(
+                        sel.clone() * input_query.clone()
+                            + not_sel.clone() * Expression::Constant(default_x),
+                        range_check.input,
+                    )]);
+
+                    res
+                });
+                selectors.insert((range, x, y), single_col_sel);
+            }
+        }
+        self.range_check_selectors.extend(selectors);
+        // if we haven't previously initialized the input/output, do so now
+        if let VarTensor::Empty = self.lookup_input {
+            debug!("assigning lookup input");
+            self.lookup_input = input.clone();
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
    /// layout_tables must be called before layout.
    pub fn layout_tables(&mut self, layouter: &mut impl Layouter<F>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
        for (i, table) in self.tables.values_mut().enumerate() {
@@ -500,6 +579,20 @@ impl<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd> BaseConfig<F> {
        Ok(())
    }

+    /// layout_range_checks must be called before layout.
+    pub fn layout_range_checks(
+        &mut self,
+        layouter: &mut impl Layouter<F>,
+    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+        for range_check in self.range_checks.values_mut() {
+            if !range_check.is_assigned {
+                debug!("laying out range check for {:?}", range_check.range);
+                range_check.layout(layouter)?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
    /// Assigns variables to the regions created when calling `configure`.
    /// # Arguments
    /// * `values` - The explicit values to the operations.
--- a/src/circuit/ops/layouts.rs
+++ b/src/circuit/ops/layouts.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use super::{
 };
 use crate::{
    circuit::{ops::base::BaseOp, utils},
-    fieldutils::i128_to_felt,
+    fieldutils::{felt_to_i128, i128_to_felt},
    tensor::{
        get_broadcasted_shape,
        ops::{accumulated, add, mult, sub},
@@ -51,6 +51,66 @@ pub fn overflowed_len(starting_idx: usize, mut total_len: usize, column_len: usi
    total_len
 }

+/// Div accumulated layout
+pub fn div<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd>(
+    config: &BaseConfig<F>,
+    region: &mut RegionCtx<F>,
+    value: &[ValTensor<F>; 1],
+    div: F,
+) -> Result<ValTensor<F>, Box<dyn Error>> {
+    let input = value[0].clone();
+    let input_dims = input.dims();
+
+    let range_check_bracket = felt_to_i128(div) - 1;
+
+    let mut divisor = Tensor::from(vec![ValType::Constant(div)].into_iter());
+    divisor.set_visibility(&crate::graph::Visibility::Fixed);
+    let divisor = region.assign(&config.inputs[1], &divisor.into())?;
+    region.increment(divisor.len());
+
+    let is_assigned = !input.any_unknowns()? && !divisor.any_unknowns()?;
+
+    let mut claimed_output: ValTensor<F> = if is_assigned {
+        let input_evals = input.get_int_evals()?;
+        let divisor_evals = divisor.get_int_evals()?;
+        tensor::ops::div(&[input_evals.clone(), divisor_evals.clone()])?
+            .iter()
+            .map(|x| Ok(Value::known(i128_to_felt(*x))))
+            .collect::<Result<Tensor<Value<F>>, Box<dyn Error>>>()?
+            .into()
+    } else {
+        Tensor::new(
+            Some(&vec![Value::<F>::unknown(); input.len()]),
+            &[input.len()],
+        )?
+        .into()
+    };
+    claimed_output.reshape(input_dims)?;
+
+    let product = pairwise(
+        config,
+        region,
+        &[claimed_output.clone(), divisor.clone()],
+        BaseOp::Mult,
+    )?;
+
+    let diff_with_input = pairwise(
+        config,
+        region,
+        &[product.clone(), input.clone()],
+        BaseOp::Sub,
+    )?;
+
+    range_check(
+        config,
+        region,
+        &[diff_with_input],
+        &(-range_check_bracket, range_check_bracket),
+    )?;
+
+    Ok(claimed_output)
+}
+
 /// Dot product accumulated layout
 pub fn dot<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd>(
    config: &BaseConfig<F>,
@@ -2304,6 +2364,50 @@ pub fn enforce_equality<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd>(
    Ok(output)
 }

+/// layout for range check.
+pub fn range_check<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd>(
+    config: &BaseConfig<F>,
+    region: &mut RegionCtx<F>,
+    values: &[ValTensor<F>; 1],
+    range: &crate::circuit::table::Range,
+) -> Result<ValTensor<F>, Box<dyn Error>> {
+    // time the entire operation
+    let timer = instant::Instant::now();
+
+    let x = values[0].clone();
+
+    let w = region.assign(&config.lookup_input, &x)?;
+
+    let assigned_len = x.len();
+
+    let is_dummy = region.is_dummy();
+
+    if !is_dummy {
+        (0..assigned_len)
+            .map(|i| {
+                let (x, y, z) = config
+                    .lookup_input
+                    .cartesian_coord(region.linear_coord() + i);
+                let selector = config.range_check_selectors.get(&(range.clone(), x, y));
+                region.enable(selector, z)?;
+                Ok(())
+            })
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, Box<dyn Error>>>()?;
+    }
+
+    region.increment(assigned_len);
+
+    let elapsed = timer.elapsed();
+    trace!(
+        "range check {:?} layout took {:?}, row: {:?}",
+        range,
+        elapsed,
+        region.row()
+    );
+
+    Ok(w)
+}
+
 /// layout for nonlinearity check.
 pub fn nonlinearity<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd>(
    config: &BaseConfig<F>,
--- a/src/circuit/ops/lookup.rs
+++ b/src/circuit/ops/lookup.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::error::Error;

 use crate::{
-    circuit::{layouts, utils},
+    circuit::{layouts, table::Range, utils},
    fieldutils::{felt_to_i128, i128_to_felt},
    graph::{multiplier_to_scale, scale_to_multiplier},
    tensor::{self, Tensor, TensorError, TensorType},
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub enum LookupOp {

 impl LookupOp {
    /// Returns the range of values that can be represented by the table
-    pub fn bit_range(max_len: usize) -> (i128, i128) {
+    pub fn bit_range(max_len: usize) -> Range {
        let range = (max_len - 1) as f64 / 2_f64;
        let range = range as i128;
        (-range, range)
--- a/src/circuit/ops/mod.rs
+++ b/src/circuit/ops/mod.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ use halo2curves::ff::PrimeField;

 use self::{lookup::LookupOp, region::RegionCtx};

+use super::table::Range;
+
 ///
 pub mod base;
 ///
@@ -60,6 +62,11 @@ pub trait Op<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd>: std::fmt::Debug + Send +
        vec![]
    }

+    /// Returns the range checks required by the operation.
+    fn required_range_checks(&self) -> Vec<Range> {
+        vec![]
+    }
+
    /// Returns true if the operation is an input.
    fn is_input(&self) -> bool {
        false
--- a/src/circuit/ops/poly.rs
+++ b/src/circuit/ops/poly.rs
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ impl<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd + Serialize + for<'de> Deserialize<
            }
            PolyOp::Neg => layouts::neg(config, region, values[..].try_into()?)?,
            PolyOp::Iff => layouts::iff(config, region, values[..].try_into()?)?,
-            PolyOp::Einsum { equation } => layouts::einsum(config, region, &values, equation)?,
+            PolyOp::Einsum { equation } => layouts::einsum(config, region, values, equation)?,
            PolyOp::Sum { axes } => {
                layouts::sum_axes(config, region, values[..].try_into()?, axes)?
            }
@@ -290,12 +290,7 @@ impl<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd + Serialize + for<'de> Deserialize<

    fn out_scale(&self, in_scales: Vec<crate::Scale>) -> Result<crate::Scale, Box<dyn Error>> {
        let scale = match self {
-            PolyOp::MultiBroadcastTo { .. } => in_scales[0],
            PolyOp::Xor | PolyOp::Or | PolyOp::And | PolyOp::Not => 0,
-            PolyOp::Neg => in_scales[0],
-            PolyOp::MoveAxis { .. } => in_scales[0],
-            PolyOp::Downsample { .. } => in_scales[0],
-            PolyOp::Resize { .. } => in_scales[0],
            PolyOp::Iff => in_scales[1],
            PolyOp::Einsum { .. } => {
                let mut scale = in_scales[0];
@@ -339,14 +334,9 @@ impl<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd + Serialize + for<'de> Deserialize<
                scale += in_scales[1];
                scale
            }
-            PolyOp::Identity => in_scales[0],
            PolyOp::Reshape(_) | PolyOp::Flatten(_) => in_scales[0],
-            PolyOp::Pad(_) => in_scales[0],
            PolyOp::Pow(pow) => in_scales[0] * (*pow as crate::Scale),
-            PolyOp::Pack(_, _) => in_scales[0],
-            PolyOp::GlobalSumPool => in_scales[0],
-            PolyOp::Concat { axis: _ } => in_scales[0],
-            PolyOp::Slice { .. } => in_scales[0],
+            _ => in_scales[0],
        };
        Ok(scale)
    }
--- a/src/circuit/table.rs
+++ b/src/circuit/table.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ use crate::circuit::lookup::LookupOp;

 use super::Op;

+/// The range of the lookup table.
+pub type Range = (i128, i128);
+
 /// The safety factor for the range of the lookup table.
 pub const RANGE_MULTIPLIER: i128 = 2;
 /// The safety factor offset for the number of rows in the lookup table.
@@ -91,7 +94,7 @@ pub struct Table<F: PrimeField> {
    /// Flags if table has been previously assigned to.
    pub is_assigned: bool,
    /// Number of bits used in lookup table.
-    pub range: (i128, i128),
+    pub range: Range,
    _marker: PhantomData<F>,
 }

@@ -129,7 +132,7 @@ impl<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd> Table<F> {
    }

    ///
-    pub fn num_cols_required(range: (i128, i128), col_size: usize) -> usize {
+    pub fn num_cols_required(range: Range, col_size: usize) -> usize {
        // double it to be safe
        let range_len = range.1 - range.0;
        // number of cols needed to store the range
@@ -141,7 +144,7 @@ impl<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd> Table<F> {
    /// Configures the table.
    pub fn configure(
        cs: &mut ConstraintSystem<F>,
-        range: (i128, i128),
+        range: Range,
        logrows: usize,
        nonlinearity: &LookupOp,
        preexisting_inputs: Option<Vec<TableColumn>>,
@@ -257,3 +260,86 @@ impl<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd> Table<F> {
        Ok(())
    }
 }
+
+/// Halo2 range check column
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct RangeCheck<F: PrimeField> {
+    /// Input to table.
+    pub input: TableColumn,
+    /// selector cn
+    pub selector_constructor: SelectorConstructor<F>,
+    /// Flags if table has been previously assigned to.
+    pub is_assigned: bool,
+    /// Number of bits used in lookup table.
+    pub range: Range,
+    _marker: PhantomData<F>,
+}
+
+impl<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd> RangeCheck<F> {
+    /// get first_element of column
+    pub fn get_first_element(&self) -> F {
+        i128_to_felt(self.range.0)
+    }
+
+    ///
+    pub fn cal_col_size(logrows: usize, reserved_blinding_rows: usize) -> usize {
+        2usize.pow(logrows as u32) - reserved_blinding_rows
+    }
+
+    ///
+    pub fn cal_bit_range(bits: usize, reserved_blinding_rows: usize) -> usize {
+        2usize.pow(bits as u32) - reserved_blinding_rows
+    }
+}
+
+impl<F: PrimeField + TensorType + PartialOrd> RangeCheck<F> {
+    /// Configures the table.
+    pub fn configure(cs: &mut ConstraintSystem<F>, range: Range) -> RangeCheck<F> {
+        log::debug!("range check range: {:?}", range);
+
+        let inputs = cs.lookup_table_column();
+
+        RangeCheck {
+            input: inputs,
+            is_assigned: false,
+            selector_constructor: SelectorConstructor::new(2),
+            range,
+            _marker: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Assigns values to the constraints generated when calling `configure`.
+    pub fn layout(&mut self, layouter: &mut impl Layouter<F>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+        if self.is_assigned {
+            return Err(Box::new(CircuitError::TableAlreadyAssigned));
+        }
+
+        let smallest = self.range.0;
+        let largest = self.range.1;
+
+        let inputs: Tensor<F> = Tensor::from(smallest..=largest).map(|x| i128_to_felt(x));
+
+        self.is_assigned = true;
+
+        layouter.assign_table(
+            || "range check table",
+            |mut table| {
+                let _ = inputs
+                    .iter()
+                    .enumerate()
+                    .map(|(row_offset, input)| {
+                        table.assign_cell(
+                            || format!("rc_i_col row {}", row_offset),
+                            self.input,
+                            row_offset,
+                            || Value::known(*input),
+                        )?;
+                        Ok(())
+                    })
+                    .collect::<Result<Vec<()>, halo2_proofs::plonk::Error>>()?;
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
--- a/src/commands.rs
+++ b/src/commands.rs
@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ pub const DEFAULT_SOL_CODE_DA: &str = "evm_deploy_da.sol";
 pub const DEFAULT_CONTRACT_ADDRESS: &str = "contract.address";
 /// Default contract address for data attestation
 pub const DEFAULT_CONTRACT_ADDRESS_DA: &str = "contract_da.address";
+/// Default contract address for vk
+pub const DEFAULT_CONTRACT_ADDRESS_VK: &str = "contract_vk.address";
 /// Default check mode
 pub const DEFAULT_CHECKMODE: &str = "safe";
 /// Default calibration target
@@ -75,6 +77,14 @@ pub const DEFAULT_CALIBRATION_FILE: &str = "calibration.json";
 pub const DEFAULT_LOOKUP_SAFETY_MARGIN: &str = "2";
 /// Default Compress selectors
 pub const DEFAULT_COMPRESS_SELECTORS: &str = "false";
+/// Default render vk seperately
+pub const DEFAULT_RENDER_VK_SEPERATELY: &str = "false";
+/// Default VK sol path
+pub const DEFAULT_VK_SOL: &str = "vk.sol";
+/// Default VK abi path
+pub const DEFAULT_VK_ABI: &str = "vk.abi";
+/// Default scale rebase multipliers for calibration
+pub const DEFAULT_SCALE_REBASE_MULTIPLIERS: &str = "1,2,10";

 impl std::fmt::Display for TranscriptType {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
@@ -315,9 +325,20 @@ pub enum Commands {
        /// Optional scales to specifically try for calibration. Example, --scales 0,4
        #[arg(long, value_delimiter = ',', allow_hyphen_values = true)]
        scales: Option<Vec<crate::Scale>>,
+        /// Optional scale rebase multipliers to specifically try for calibration. This is the multiplier at which we divide to return to the input scale. Example, --scale-rebase-multipliers 0,4
+        #[arg(
+            long,
+            value_delimiter = ',',
+            allow_hyphen_values = true,
+            default_value = DEFAULT_SCALE_REBASE_MULTIPLIERS
+        )]
+        scale_rebase_multiplier: Vec<u32>,
        /// max logrows to use for calibration, 26 is the max public SRS size
        #[arg(long)]
        max_logrows: Option<u32>,
+        // whether to fix the div_rebasing value truthiness during calibration. this changes how we rebase
+        #[arg(long)]
+        div_rebasing: Option<bool>,
    },

    /// Generates a dummy SRS
@@ -584,6 +605,31 @@ pub enum Commands {
        /// The path to output the Solidity verifier ABI
        #[arg(long, default_value = DEFAULT_VERIFIER_ABI)]
        abi_path: PathBuf,
+        /// Whether the verifier key should be rendered as a separate contract.
+        /// We recommend disabling selector compression if this is enabled.
+        /// To save the verifier key as a separate contract, set this to true and then call the create-evm-vk command.        
+        #[arg(long, default_value = DEFAULT_RENDER_VK_SEPERATELY)]
+        render_vk_seperately: bool,
+    },
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    /// Creates an EVM verifier for a single proof
+    #[command(name = "create-evm-vk")]
+    CreateEVMVK {
+        /// The path to SRS, if None will use $EZKL_REPO_PATH/srs/kzg{logrows}.srs
+        #[arg(long)]
+        srs_path: Option<PathBuf>,
+        /// The path to load circuit settings .json file from (generated using the gen-settings command)
+        #[arg(short = 'S', long, default_value = DEFAULT_SETTINGS)]
+        settings_path: PathBuf,
+        /// The path to load the desired verification key file
+        #[arg(long, default_value = DEFAULT_VK)]
+        vk_path: PathBuf,
+        /// The path to output the Solidity code
+        #[arg(long, default_value = DEFAULT_VK_SOL)]
+        sol_code_path: PathBuf,
+        /// The path to output the Solidity verifier ABI
+        #[arg(long, default_value = DEFAULT_VK_ABI)]
+        abi_path: PathBuf,
    },
    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
    /// Creates an EVM verifier that attests to on-chain inputs for a single proof
@@ -629,6 +675,11 @@ pub enum Commands {
        // logrows used for aggregation circuit
        #[arg(long, default_value = DEFAULT_AGGREGATED_LOGROWS)]
        logrows: u32,
+        /// Whether the verifier key should be rendered as a separate contract.
+        /// We recommend disabling selector compression if this is enabled.
+        /// To save the verifier key as a separate contract, set this to true and then call the create-evm-vk command.        
+        #[arg(long, default_value = DEFAULT_RENDER_VK_SEPERATELY)]
+        render_vk_seperately: bool,
    },
    /// Verifies a proof, returning accept or reject
    Verify {
@@ -680,6 +731,25 @@ pub enum Commands {
        private_key: Option<String>,
    },
    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    /// Deploys an evm verifier that is generated by ezkl
+    DeployEvmVK {
+        /// The path to the Solidity code (generated using the create-evm-verifier command)
+        #[arg(long, default_value = DEFAULT_VK_SOL)]
+        sol_code_path: PathBuf,
+        /// RPC URL for an Ethereum node, if None will use Anvil but WON'T persist state
+        #[arg(short = 'U', long)]
+        rpc_url: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, default_value = DEFAULT_CONTRACT_ADDRESS_VK)]
+        /// The path to output the contract address
+        addr_path: PathBuf,
+        /// The optimizer runs to set on the verifier. Lower values optimize for deployment cost, while higher values optimize for gas cost.
+        #[arg(long, default_value = DEFAULT_OPTIMIZER_RUNS)]
+        optimizer_runs: usize,
+        /// Private secp256K1 key in hex format, 64 chars, no 0x prefix, of the account signing transactions. If None the private key will be generated by Anvil
+        #[arg(short = 'P', long)]
+        private_key: Option<String>,
+    },
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
    /// Deploys an evm verifier that allows for data attestation
    #[command(name = "deploy-evm-da")]
    DeployEvmDataAttestation {
@@ -721,6 +791,9 @@ pub enum Commands {
        /// does the verifier use data attestation ?
        #[arg(long)]
        addr_da: Option<H160>,
+        // is the vk rendered seperately, if so specify an address
+        #[arg(long)]
+        addr_vk: Option<H160>,
    },

    /// Print the proof in hexadecimal
--- a/src/eth.rs
+++ b/src/eth.rs
@@ -101,17 +101,18 @@ pub async fn setup_eth_backend(
 }

 ///
-pub async fn deploy_verifier_via_solidity(
+pub async fn deploy_contract_via_solidity(
    sol_code_path: PathBuf,
    rpc_url: Option<&str>,
    runs: usize,
    private_key: Option<&str>,
+    contract_name: &str,
 ) -> Result<ethers::types::Address, Box<dyn Error>> {
    // anvil instance must be alive at least until the factory completes the deploy
    let (anvil, client) = setup_eth_backend(rpc_url, private_key).await?;

    let (abi, bytecode, runtime_bytecode) =
-        get_contract_artifacts(sol_code_path, "Halo2Verifier", runs)?;
+        get_contract_artifacts(sol_code_path, contract_name, runs)?;

    let factory = get_sol_contract_factory(abi, bytecode, runtime_bytecode, client.clone())?;
    let contract = factory.deploy(())?.send().await?;
@@ -335,11 +336,16 @@ pub async fn update_account_calls(
 pub async fn verify_proof_via_solidity(
    proof: Snark<Fr, G1Affine>,
    addr: ethers::types::Address,
+    addr_vk: Option<H160>,
    rpc_url: Option<&str>,
 ) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn Error>> {
    let flattened_instances = proof.instances.into_iter().flatten();

-    let encoded = encode_calldata(None, &proof.proof, &flattened_instances.collect::<Vec<_>>());
+    let encoded = encode_calldata(
+        addr_vk.as_ref().map(|x| x.0),
+        &proof.proof,
+        &flattened_instances.collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+    );

    info!("encoded: {:#?}", hex::encode(&encoded));
    let (anvil, client) = setup_eth_backend(rpc_url, None).await?;
@@ -439,6 +445,7 @@ pub async fn verify_proof_with_data_attestation(
    proof: Snark<Fr, G1Affine>,
    addr_verifier: ethers::types::Address,
    addr_da: ethers::types::Address,
+    addr_vk: Option<H160>,
    rpc_url: Option<&str>,
 ) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn Error>> {
    use ethers::abi::{Function, Param, ParamType, StateMutability, Token};
@@ -452,8 +459,11 @@ pub async fn verify_proof_with_data_attestation(
        public_inputs.push(u);
    }

-    let encoded_verifier =
-        encode_calldata(None, &proof.proof, &flattened_instances.collect::<Vec<_>>());
+    let encoded_verifier = encode_calldata(
+        addr_vk.as_ref().map(|x| x.0),
+        &proof.proof,
+        &flattened_instances.collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+    );

    info!("encoded: {:#?}", hex::encode(&encoded_verifier));

--- a/src/execute.rs
+++ b/src/execute.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::circuit::CheckMode;
 use crate::commands::CalibrationTarget;
 use crate::commands::Commands;
 #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
-use crate::eth::{deploy_da_verifier_via_solidity, deploy_verifier_via_solidity};
+use crate::eth::{deploy_contract_via_solidity, deploy_da_verifier_via_solidity};
 #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
 use crate::eth::{fix_da_sol, get_contract_artifacts, verify_proof_via_solidity};
@@ -176,7 +176,9 @@ pub async fn run(command: Commands) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {
            target,
            lookup_safety_margin,
            scales,
+            scale_rebase_multiplier,
            max_logrows,
+            div_rebasing,
        } => calibrate(
            model,
            data,
@@ -184,6 +186,8 @@ pub async fn run(command: Commands) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {
            target,
            lookup_safety_margin,
            scales,
+            scale_rebase_multiplier,
+            div_rebasing,
            max_logrows,
        )
        .map(|e| serde_json::to_string(&e).unwrap()),
@@ -204,7 +208,22 @@ pub async fn run(command: Commands) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {
            settings_path,
            sol_code_path,
            abi_path,
-        } => create_evm_verifier(vk_path, srs_path, settings_path, sol_code_path, abi_path),
+            render_vk_seperately,
+        } => create_evm_verifier(
+            vk_path,
+            srs_path,
+            settings_path,
+            sol_code_path,
+            abi_path,
+            render_vk_seperately,
+        ),
+        Commands::CreateEVMVK {
+            vk_path,
+            srs_path,
+            settings_path,
+            sol_code_path,
+            abi_path,
+        } => create_evm_vk(vk_path, srs_path, settings_path, sol_code_path, abi_path),
        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
        Commands::CreateEVMDataAttestation {
            settings_path,
@@ -220,6 +239,7 @@ pub async fn run(command: Commands) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {
            abi_path,
            aggregation_settings,
            logrows,
+            render_vk_seperately,
        } => create_evm_aggregate_verifier(
            vk_path,
            srs_path,
@@ -227,6 +247,7 @@ pub async fn run(command: Commands) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {
            abi_path,
            aggregation_settings,
            logrows,
+            render_vk_seperately,
        ),
        Commands::CompileCircuit {
            model,
@@ -368,6 +389,25 @@ pub async fn run(command: Commands) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {
                addr_path,
                optimizer_runs,
                private_key,
+                "Halo2Verifier",
+            )
+            .await
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+        Commands::DeployEvmVK {
+            sol_code_path,
+            rpc_url,
+            addr_path,
+            optimizer_runs,
+            private_key,
+        } => {
+            deploy_evm(
+                sol_code_path,
+                rpc_url,
+                addr_path,
+                optimizer_runs,
+                private_key,
+                "Halo2VerifyingKey",
            )
            .await
        }
@@ -398,7 +438,8 @@ pub async fn run(command: Commands) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {
            addr_verifier,
            rpc_url,
            addr_da,
-        } => verify_evm(proof_path, addr_verifier, rpc_url, addr_da).await,
+            addr_vk,
+        } => verify_evm(proof_path, addr_verifier, rpc_url, addr_da, addr_vk).await,
        Commands::PrintProofHex { proof_path } => print_proof_hex(proof_path),
    }
 }
@@ -448,7 +489,7 @@ async fn fetch_srs(uri: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Box<dyn Error>> {
 #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
 fn check_srs_hash(logrows: u32, srs_path: Option<PathBuf>) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {
    let path = get_srs_path(logrows, srs_path);
-    let hash = sha256::digest(&std::fs::read(path.clone())?);
+    let hash = sha256::digest(std::fs::read(path.clone())?);
    info!("SRS hash: {}", hash);

    let predefined_hash = match { crate::srs_sha::PUBLIC_SRS_SHA256_HASHES.get(&logrows) } {
@@ -456,7 +497,7 @@ fn check_srs_hash(logrows: u32, srs_path: Option<PathBuf>) -> Result<String, Box
        None => return Err(format!("SRS (k={}) hash not found in public set", logrows).into()),
    };

-    if hash != predefined_hash.to_string() {
+    if hash != *predefined_hash {
        // delete file
        warn!("removing SRS file at {}", path.display());
        std::fs::remove_file(path)?;
@@ -678,8 +719,7 @@ impl AccuracyResults {
            let error = (original.clone() - calibrated.clone())?;
            let abs_error = error.map(|x| x.abs());
            let squared_error = error.map(|x| x.powi(2));
-            let percentage_error =
-                error.enum_map(|i, x| Ok::<_, TensorError>(x / original[i].clone()))?;
+            let percentage_error = error.enum_map(|i, x| Ok::<_, TensorError>(x / original[i]))?;
            let abs_percentage_error = percentage_error.map(|x| x.abs());

            errors.extend(error.into_iter());
@@ -695,29 +735,25 @@ impl AccuracyResults {
            abs_percentage_errors.iter().sum::<f32>() / abs_percentage_errors.len() as f32;
        let mean_error = errors.iter().sum::<f32>() / errors.len() as f32;
        let median_error = errors[errors.len() / 2];
-        let max_error = errors
+        let max_error = *errors
            .iter()
-            .max_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap())
-            .unwrap()
-            .clone();
-        let min_error = errors
+            .max_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal))
+            .unwrap();
+        let min_error = *errors
            .iter()
-            .min_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap())
-            .unwrap()
-            .clone();
+            .min_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal))
+            .unwrap();

        let mean_abs_error = abs_errors.iter().sum::<f32>() / abs_errors.len() as f32;
        let median_abs_error = abs_errors[abs_errors.len() / 2];
-        let max_abs_error = abs_errors
+        let max_abs_error = *abs_errors
            .iter()
-            .max_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap())
-            .unwrap()
-            .clone();
-        let min_abs_error = abs_errors
+            .max_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal))
+            .unwrap();
+        let min_abs_error = *abs_errors
            .iter()
-            .min_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap())
-            .unwrap()
-            .clone();
+            .min_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal))
+            .unwrap();

        let mean_squared_error = squared_errors.iter().sum::<f32>() / squared_errors.len() as f32;

@@ -747,6 +783,8 @@ pub(crate) fn calibrate(
    target: CalibrationTarget,
    lookup_safety_margin: i128,
    scales: Option<Vec<crate::Scale>>,
+    scale_rebase_multiplier: Vec<u32>,
+    div_rebasing: Option<bool>,
    max_logrows: Option<u32>,
 ) -> Result<GraphSettings, Box<dyn Error>> {
    use std::collections::HashMap;
@@ -790,9 +828,13 @@ pub(crate) fn calibrate(
        }
    };

-    let mut found_params: Vec<GraphSettings> = vec![];
+    let div_rebasing = if let Some(div_rebasing) = div_rebasing {
+        vec![div_rebasing]
+    } else {
+        vec![true, false]
+    };

-    let scale_rebase_multiplier = [1, 2, 10];
+    let mut found_params: Vec<GraphSettings> = vec![];

    // 2 x 2 grid
    let range_grid = range
@@ -829,15 +871,21 @@ pub(crate) fn calibrate(
        .map(|(a, b)| (*a, *b))
        .collect::<Vec<((crate::Scale, crate::Scale), u32)>>();

+    let range_grid = range_grid
+        .iter()
+        .cartesian_product(div_rebasing.iter())
+        .map(|(a, b)| (*a, *b))
+        .collect::<Vec<(((crate::Scale, crate::Scale), u32), bool)>>();
+
    let mut forward_pass_res = HashMap::new();

    let pb = init_bar(range_grid.len() as u64);
    pb.set_message("calibrating...");

-    for ((input_scale, param_scale), scale_rebase_multiplier) in range_grid {
+    for (((input_scale, param_scale), scale_rebase_multiplier), div_rebasing) in range_grid {
        pb.set_message(format!(
-            "input scale: {}, param scale: {}, scale rebase multiplier: {}",
-            input_scale, param_scale, scale_rebase_multiplier
+            "input scale: {}, param scale: {}, scale rebase multiplier: {}, div rebasing: {}",
+            input_scale, param_scale, scale_rebase_multiplier, div_rebasing
        ));

        #[cfg(unix)]
@@ -857,6 +905,7 @@ pub(crate) fn calibrate(
            input_scale,
            param_scale,
            scale_rebase_multiplier,
+            div_rebasing,
            ..settings.run_args.clone()
        };

@@ -931,6 +980,7 @@ pub(crate) fn calibrate(
            let found_run_args = RunArgs {
                input_scale: new_settings.run_args.input_scale,
                param_scale: new_settings.run_args.param_scale,
+                div_rebasing: new_settings.run_args.div_rebasing,
                lookup_range: new_settings.run_args.lookup_range,
                logrows: new_settings.run_args.logrows,
                scale_rebase_multiplier: new_settings.run_args.scale_rebase_multiplier,
@@ -940,6 +990,7 @@ pub(crate) fn calibrate(
            let found_settings = GraphSettings {
                run_args: found_run_args,
                required_lookups: new_settings.required_lookups,
+                required_range_checks: new_settings.required_range_checks,
                model_output_scales: new_settings.model_output_scales,
                model_input_scales: new_settings.model_input_scales,
                num_rows: new_settings.num_rows,
@@ -1157,6 +1208,7 @@ pub(crate) fn create_evm_verifier(
    settings_path: PathBuf,
    sol_code_path: PathBuf,
    abi_path: PathBuf,
+    render_vk_seperately: bool,
 ) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {
    check_solc_requirement();
    let circuit_settings = GraphSettings::load(&settings_path)?;
@@ -1174,7 +1226,11 @@ pub(crate) fn create_evm_verifier(
        halo2_solidity_verifier::BatchOpenScheme::Bdfg21,
        num_instance,
    );
-    let verifier_solidity = generator.render()?;
+    let verifier_solidity = if render_vk_seperately {
+        generator.render_separately()?.0 // ignore the rendered vk for now and generate it in create_evm_vk
+    } else {
+        generator.render()?
+    };

    File::create(sol_code_path.clone())?.write_all(verifier_solidity.as_bytes())?;

@@ -1186,6 +1242,43 @@ pub(crate) fn create_evm_verifier(
    Ok(String::new())
 }

+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+pub(crate) fn create_evm_vk(
+    vk_path: PathBuf,
+    srs_path: Option<PathBuf>,
+    settings_path: PathBuf,
+    sol_code_path: PathBuf,
+    abi_path: PathBuf,
+) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {
+    check_solc_requirement();
+    let circuit_settings = GraphSettings::load(&settings_path)?;
+    let params = load_params_cmd(srs_path, circuit_settings.run_args.logrows)?;
+
+    let num_instance = circuit_settings.total_instances();
+    let num_instance: usize = num_instance.iter().sum::<usize>();
+
+    let vk = load_vk::<KZGCommitmentScheme<Bn256>, Fr, GraphCircuit>(vk_path, circuit_settings)?;
+    trace!("params computed");
+
+    let generator = halo2_solidity_verifier::SolidityGenerator::new(
+        &params,
+        &vk,
+        halo2_solidity_verifier::BatchOpenScheme::Bdfg21,
+        num_instance,
+    );
+
+    let vk_solidity = generator.render_separately()?.1;
+
+    File::create(sol_code_path.clone())?.write_all(vk_solidity.as_bytes())?;
+
+    // fetch abi of the contract
+    let (abi, _, _) = get_contract_artifacts(sol_code_path, "Halo2VerifyingKey", 0)?;
+    // save abi to file
+    serde_json::to_writer(std::fs::File::create(abi_path)?, &abi)?;
+
+    Ok(String::new())
+}
+
 #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
 pub(crate) fn create_evm_data_attestation(
    settings_path: PathBuf,
@@ -1281,13 +1374,15 @@ pub(crate) async fn deploy_evm(
    addr_path: PathBuf,
    runs: usize,
    private_key: Option<String>,
+    contract_name: &str,
 ) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {
    check_solc_requirement();
-    let contract_address = deploy_verifier_via_solidity(
+    let contract_address = deploy_contract_via_solidity(
        sol_code_path,
        rpc_url.as_deref(),
        runs,
        private_key.as_deref(),
+        contract_name,
    )
    .await?;

@@ -1304,6 +1399,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn verify_evm(
    addr_verifier: H160,
    rpc_url: Option<String>,
    addr_da: Option<H160>,
+    addr_vk: Option<H160>,
 ) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {
    use crate::eth::verify_proof_with_data_attestation;
    check_solc_requirement();
@@ -1315,11 +1411,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn verify_evm(
            proof.clone(),
            addr_verifier,
            addr_da,
+            addr_vk,
            rpc_url.as_deref(),
        )
        .await?
    } else {
-        verify_proof_via_solidity(proof.clone(), addr_verifier, rpc_url.as_deref()).await?
+        verify_proof_via_solidity(proof.clone(), addr_verifier, addr_vk, rpc_url.as_deref()).await?
    };

    info!("Solidity verification result: {}", result);
@@ -1339,6 +1436,7 @@ pub(crate) fn create_evm_aggregate_verifier(
    abi_path: PathBuf,
    circuit_settings: Vec<PathBuf>,
    logrows: u32,
+    render_vk_seperately: bool,
 ) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {
    check_solc_requirement();
    let srs_path = get_srs_path(logrows, srs_path);
@@ -1377,7 +1475,11 @@ pub(crate) fn create_evm_aggregate_verifier(

    generator = generator.set_acc_encoding(Some(acc_encoding));

-    let verifier_solidity = generator.render()?;
+    let verifier_solidity = if render_vk_seperately {
+        generator.render_separately()?.0 // ignore the rendered vk for now and generate it in create_evm_vk
+    } else {
+        generator.render()?
+    };

    File::create(sol_code_path.clone())?.write_all(verifier_solidity.as_bytes())?;

--- a/src/graph/mod.rs
+++ b/src/graph/mod.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use self::input::{FileSource, GraphData};
 use self::modules::{GraphModules, ModuleConfigs, ModuleForwardResult, ModuleSizes};
 use crate::circuit::lookup::LookupOp;
 use crate::circuit::modules::ModulePlanner;
-use crate::circuit::table::{Table, RESERVED_BLINDING_ROWS_PAD};
+use crate::circuit::table::{Range, Table, RESERVED_BLINDING_ROWS_PAD};
 use crate::circuit::{CheckMode, InputType};
 use crate::fieldutils::felt_to_f64;
 use crate::pfsys::PrettyElements;
@@ -431,6 +431,8 @@ pub struct GraphSettings {
    pub module_sizes: ModuleSizes,
    /// required_lookups
    pub required_lookups: Vec<LookupOp>,
+    /// required range_checks
+    pub required_range_checks: Vec<Range>,
    /// check mode
    pub check_mode: CheckMode,
    /// ezkl version used
@@ -639,7 +641,7 @@ impl GraphCircuit {
        }

        // dummy module settings, must load from GraphData after
-        let mut settings = model.gen_params(run_args, CheckMode::UNSAFE)?;
+        let mut settings = model.gen_params(run_args, run_args.check_mode)?;

        let mut num_params = 0;
        if !model.const_shapes().is_empty() {
@@ -763,18 +765,18 @@ impl GraphCircuit {
        if self.settings().run_args.input_visibility.is_public() {
            public_inputs.rescaled_inputs = elements.rescaled_inputs.clone();
            public_inputs.inputs = elements.inputs.clone();
-        } else if let Some(_) = &data.processed_inputs {
+        } else if data.processed_inputs.is_some() {
            public_inputs.processed_inputs = elements.processed_inputs.clone();
        }

-        if let Some(_) = &data.processed_params {
+        if data.processed_params.is_some() {
            public_inputs.processed_params = elements.processed_params.clone();
        }

        if self.settings().run_args.output_visibility.is_public() {
            public_inputs.rescaled_outputs = elements.rescaled_outputs.clone();
            public_inputs.outputs = elements.outputs.clone();
-        } else if let Some(_) = &data.processed_outputs {
+        } else if data.processed_outputs.is_some() {
            public_inputs.processed_outputs = elements.processed_outputs.clone();
        }

@@ -960,19 +962,20 @@ impl GraphCircuit {
        min_lookup_inputs: i128,
        max_lookup_inputs: i128,
        lookup_safety_margin: i128,
-    ) -> (i128, i128) {
+    ) -> Range {
        let mut margin = (
            lookup_safety_margin * min_lookup_inputs,
            lookup_safety_margin * max_lookup_inputs,
        );
        if lookup_safety_margin == 1 {
-            margin.0 -= 1;
+            margin.0 += 1;
            margin.1 += 1;
        }
+
        margin
    }

-    fn calc_num_cols(safe_range: (i128, i128), max_logrows: u32) -> usize {
+    fn calc_num_cols(safe_range: Range, max_logrows: u32) -> usize {
        let max_col_size = Table::<Fp>::cal_col_size(
            max_logrows as usize,
            Self::reserved_blinding_rows() as usize,
@@ -1133,7 +1136,7 @@ impl GraphCircuit {

        while (1 << extended_k) < (n * quotient_poly_degree) {
            extended_k += 1;
-            if !(extended_k <= bn256::Fr::S) {
+            if extended_k > bn256::Fr::S {
                return false;
            }
        }
@@ -1456,6 +1459,7 @@ impl Circuit<Fp> for GraphCircuit {
            params.run_args.lookup_range,
            params.run_args.logrows as usize,
            params.required_lookups,
+            params.required_range_checks,
            params.check_mode,
        )
        .unwrap();
--- a/src/graph/model.rs
+++ b/src/graph/model.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use super::GraphError;
 use super::GraphSettings;
 use crate::circuit::hybrid::HybridOp;
 use crate::circuit::region::RegionCtx;
+use crate::circuit::table::Range;
 use crate::circuit::Input;
 use crate::circuit::InputType;
 use crate::circuit::Unknown;
@@ -240,6 +241,13 @@ impl NodeType {
            NodeType::SubGraph { model, .. } => model.required_lookups(),
        }
    }
+    /// Returns the lookups required by a graph
+    pub fn required_range_checks(&self) -> Vec<Range> {
+        match self {
+            NodeType::Node(n) => n.opkind.required_range_checks(),
+            NodeType::SubGraph { model, .. } => model.required_range_checks(),
+        }
+    }
    /// Returns the scales of the node's output.
    pub fn out_scales(&self) -> Vec<crate::Scale> {
        match self {
@@ -432,6 +440,15 @@ impl Model {
            .collect_vec()
    }

+    ///
+    fn required_range_checks(&self) -> Vec<Range> {
+        self.graph
+            .nodes
+            .values()
+            .flat_map(|n| n.required_range_checks())
+            .collect_vec()
+    }
+
    /// Creates a `Model` from a specified path to an Onnx file.
    /// # Arguments
    /// * `reader` - A reader for an Onnx file.
@@ -489,6 +506,8 @@ impl Model {

        // extract the requisite lookup ops from the model
        let mut lookup_ops: Vec<LookupOp> = self.required_lookups();
+        // extract the requisite lookup ops from the model
+        let mut range_checks: Vec<Range> = self.required_range_checks();

        // if we're using percentage tolerance, we need to add the necessary range check ops for it.

@@ -504,6 +523,9 @@ impl Model {
        let set: HashSet<_> = lookup_ops.drain(..).collect(); // dedup
        lookup_ops.extend(set.into_iter().sorted());

+        let set: HashSet<_> = range_checks.drain(..).collect(); // dedup
+        range_checks.extend(set.into_iter().sorted());
+
        Ok(GraphSettings {
            run_args: run_args.clone(),
            model_instance_shapes: instance_shapes,
@@ -511,6 +533,7 @@ impl Model {
            num_rows,
            total_assignments: linear_coord,
            required_lookups: lookup_ops,
+            required_range_checks: range_checks,
            model_output_scales: self.graph.get_output_scales()?,
            model_input_scales: self.graph.get_input_scales(),
            total_const_size,
@@ -611,7 +634,7 @@ impl Model {
                        debug!("intermediate min lookup inputs: {}", min);
                    }
                    debug!(
-                        "------------ output node int {}: {} \n ------------ float: {} \n ------------ max: {} \n ------------ min: {} ------------ scale: {}",
+                        "------------ output node int {}: {} \n ------------ float: {} \n ------------ max: {} \n ------------ min: {} \n ------------ scale: {}",
                        idx,
                        res.output.map(crate::fieldutils::felt_to_i32).show(),
                        res.output
@@ -1042,6 +1065,7 @@ impl Model {
                        &run_args.param_visibility,
                        i,
                        symbol_values,
+                        run_args.div_rebasing,
                    )?;
                    if let Some(ref scales) = override_input_scales {
                        if let Some(inp) = n.opkind.get_input() {
@@ -1058,9 +1082,20 @@ impl Model {
                        if scales.contains_key(&i) {
                            let scale_diff = n.out_scale - scales[&i];
                            n.opkind = if scale_diff > 0 {
-                                RebaseScale::rebase(n.opkind, scales[&i], n.out_scale, 1)
+                                RebaseScale::rebase(
+                                    n.opkind,
+                                    scales[&i],
+                                    n.out_scale,
+                                    1,
+                                    run_args.div_rebasing,
+                                )
                            } else {
-                                RebaseScale::rebase_up(n.opkind, scales[&i], n.out_scale)
+                                RebaseScale::rebase_up(
+                                    n.opkind,
+                                    scales[&i],
+                                    n.out_scale,
+                                    run_args.div_rebasing,
+                                )
                            };
                            n.out_scale = scales[&i];
                        }
@@ -1155,9 +1190,10 @@ impl Model {
    pub fn configure(
        meta: &mut ConstraintSystem<Fp>,
        vars: &ModelVars<Fp>,
-        lookup_range: (i128, i128),
+        lookup_range: Range,
        logrows: usize,
        required_lookups: Vec<LookupOp>,
+        required_range_checks: Vec<Range>,
        check_mode: CheckMode,
    ) -> Result<PolyConfig<Fp>, Box<dyn Error>> {
        info!("configuring model");
@@ -1176,6 +1212,10 @@ impl Model {
            base_gate.configure_lookup(meta, input, output, index, lookup_range, logrows, &op)?;
        }

+        for range in required_range_checks {
+            base_gate.configure_range_check(meta, input, range)?;
+        }
+
        Ok(base_gate)
    }

@@ -1216,6 +1256,7 @@ impl Model {
        let instance_idx = vars.get_instance_idx();

        config.base.layout_tables(layouter)?;
+        config.base.layout_range_checks(layouter)?;

        let mut num_rows = 0;
        let mut linear_coord = 0;
--- a/src/graph/node.rs
+++ b/src/graph/node.rs
@@ -132,6 +132,8 @@ pub struct RebaseScale {
    pub target_scale: i32,
    /// The original scale of the operation's inputs.
    pub original_scale: i32,
+    /// if true then the operation is a multiplicative division
+    pub div_rebasing: bool,
 }

 impl RebaseScale {
@@ -141,6 +143,7 @@ impl RebaseScale {
        global_scale: crate::Scale,
        op_out_scale: crate::Scale,
        scale_rebase_multiplier: u32,
+        div_rebasing: bool,
    ) -> SupportedOp {
        if (op_out_scale > (global_scale * scale_rebase_multiplier as i32))
            && !inner.is_constant()
@@ -154,6 +157,7 @@ impl RebaseScale {
                    target_scale: op.target_scale,
                    multiplier: op.multiplier * multiplier,
                    original_scale: op.original_scale,
+                    div_rebasing,
                })
            } else {
                SupportedOp::RebaseScale(RebaseScale {
@@ -161,6 +165,7 @@ impl RebaseScale {
                    target_scale: global_scale * scale_rebase_multiplier as i32,
                    multiplier,
                    original_scale: op_out_scale,
+                    div_rebasing,
                })
            }
        } else {
@@ -173,6 +178,7 @@ impl RebaseScale {
        inner: SupportedOp,
        target_scale: crate::Scale,
        op_out_scale: crate::Scale,
+        div_rebasing: bool,
    ) -> SupportedOp {
        if (op_out_scale < (target_scale)) && !inner.is_constant() && !inner.is_input() {
            let multiplier = scale_to_multiplier(op_out_scale - target_scale);
@@ -182,6 +188,7 @@ impl RebaseScale {
                    target_scale: op.target_scale,
                    multiplier: op.multiplier * multiplier,
                    original_scale: op.original_scale,
+                    div_rebasing,
                })
            } else {
                SupportedOp::RebaseScale(RebaseScale {
@@ -189,12 +196,22 @@ impl RebaseScale {
                    target_scale,
                    multiplier,
                    original_scale: op_out_scale,
+                    div_rebasing,
                })
            }
        } else {
            inner
        }
    }
+
+    /// Calculate the require range bracket for the operation
+    fn range_bracket(&self) -> i128 {
+        if self.div_rebasing {
+            0
+        } else {
+            self.multiplier as i128 - 1
+        }
+    }
 }

 impl Op<Fp> for RebaseScale {
@@ -203,19 +220,28 @@ impl Op<Fp> for RebaseScale {
    }
    fn f(&self, x: &[Tensor<Fp>]) -> Result<crate::circuit::ForwardResult<Fp>, TensorError> {
        let mut res = Op::<Fp>::f(&*self.inner, x)?;
-        let ri = res.output.map(felt_to_i128);
-        let rescaled = crate::tensor::ops::nonlinearities::const_div(&ri, self.multiplier);
-        res.output = rescaled.map(i128_to_felt);

-        res.intermediate_lookups.push(ri);
+        if self.div_rebasing {
+            let ri = res.output.map(felt_to_i128);
+            let rescaled = crate::tensor::ops::nonlinearities::const_div(&ri, self.multiplier);
+            res.output = rescaled.map(i128_to_felt);
+            res.intermediate_lookups.push(ri);
+        } else {
+            let ri = res.output.map(felt_to_i128);
+            let divisor = Tensor::from(vec![self.multiplier as i128].into_iter());
+            let rescaled = crate::tensor::ops::div(&[ri, divisor.clone()])?;
+            res.output = rescaled.map(i128_to_felt);
+            res.intermediate_lookups.extend([-divisor.clone(), divisor]);
+        }

        Ok(res)
    }

    fn as_string(&self) -> String {
        format!(
-            "REBASED (div={:?}) ({})",
+            "REBASED (div={:?}, div_r={}) ({})",
            self.multiplier,
+            self.div_rebasing,
            self.inner.as_string()
        )
    }
@@ -225,13 +251,24 @@ impl Op<Fp> for RebaseScale {
    }

    fn required_lookups(&self) -> Vec<LookupOp> {
-        let mut lookups = self.inner.required_lookups();
-        lookups.push(LookupOp::Div {
-            denom: crate::circuit::utils::F32(self.multiplier as f32),
-        });
+        let mut lookups: Vec<LookupOp> = self.inner.required_lookups();
+        if self.div_rebasing {
+            lookups.push(LookupOp::Div {
+                denom: crate::circuit::utils::F32(self.multiplier as f32),
+            });
+        }
        lookups
    }

+    fn required_range_checks(&self) -> Vec<crate::circuit::table::Range> {
+        let mut range_checks = self.inner.required_range_checks();
+        if !self.div_rebasing {
+            let bracket = self.range_bracket();
+            range_checks.push((-bracket, bracket));
+        }
+        range_checks
+    }
+
    fn layout(
        &self,
        config: &mut crate::circuit::BaseConfig<Fp>,
@@ -243,14 +280,23 @@ impl Op<Fp> for RebaseScale {
            .layout(config, region, values)?
            .ok_or("no layout")?;

-        Ok(Some(crate::circuit::layouts::nonlinearity(
-            config,
-            region,
-            &[original_res],
-            &LookupOp::Div {
-                denom: crate::circuit::utils::F32(self.multiplier as f32),
-            },
-        )?))
+        if !self.div_rebasing {
+            Ok(Some(crate::circuit::layouts::div(
+                config,
+                region,
+                &[original_res],
+                Fp::from(self.multiplier as u64),
+            )?))
+        } else {
+            Ok(Some(crate::circuit::layouts::nonlinearity(
+                config,
+                region,
+                &[original_res],
+                &LookupOp::Div {
+                    denom: crate::circuit::utils::F32(self.multiplier as f32),
+                },
+            )?))
+        }
    }

    fn clone_dyn(&self) -> Box<dyn Op<Fp>> {
@@ -437,6 +483,10 @@ impl Op<Fp> for SupportedOp {
        self.as_op().required_lookups()
    }

+    fn required_range_checks(&self) -> Vec<crate::circuit::table::Range> {
+        self.as_op().required_range_checks()
+    }
+
    fn out_scale(&self, in_scales: Vec<crate::Scale>) -> Result<crate::Scale, Box<dyn Error>> {
        self.as_op().out_scale(in_scales)
    }
@@ -477,6 +527,7 @@ impl Tabled for Node {
            "inputs",
            "out_dims",
            "required_lookups",
+            "required_range_checks",
        ] {
            headers.push(std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed(i));
        }
@@ -498,6 +549,10 @@ impl Tabled for Node {
                .map(<LookupOp as Op<Fp>>::as_string)
                .collect_vec()
        )));
+        fields.push(std::borrow::Cow::Owned(format!(
+            "{:?}",
+            self.opkind.required_range_checks()
+        )));
        fields
    }
 }
@@ -527,6 +582,7 @@ impl Node {
        param_visibility: &Visibility,
        idx: usize,
        symbol_values: &SymbolValues,
+        div_rebasing: bool,
    ) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn Error>> {
        use log::warn;

@@ -631,7 +687,13 @@ impl Node {
        let mut out_scale = opkind.out_scale(in_scales.clone())?;
        // rescale the inputs if necessary to get consistent fixed points, we select the largest scale (highest precision)
        let global_scale = scales.get_max();
-        opkind = RebaseScale::rebase(opkind, global_scale, out_scale, scales.rebase_multiplier);
+        opkind = RebaseScale::rebase(
+            opkind,
+            global_scale,
+            out_scale,
+            scales.rebase_multiplier,
+            div_rebasing,
+        );

        out_scale = opkind.out_scale(in_scales)?;

--- a/src/graph/utilities.rs
+++ b/src/graph/utilities.rs
@@ -71,8 +71,7 @@ pub fn quantize_float(elem: &f64, shift: f64, scale: crate::Scale) -> Result<i12
 pub fn dequantize(felt: Fp, scale: crate::Scale, shift: f64) -> f64 {
    let int_rep = crate::fieldutils::felt_to_i128(felt);
    let multiplier = scale_to_multiplier(scale);
-    let float_rep = int_rep as f64 / multiplier - shift;
-    float_rep
+    int_rep as f64 / multiplier - shift
 }

 /// Converts a scale (log base 2) to a fixed point multiplier.
@@ -717,8 +716,8 @@ pub fn new_op_from_onnx(
            }
        }
        "Recip" => {
-            // Extract the slope layer hyperparams
            let in_scale = inputs[0].out_scales()[0];
+            // If the input scale is larger than the params scale
            let scale_diff = std::cmp::max(scales.input, scales.params) - inputs[0].out_scales()[0];
            let additional_scale = if scale_diff > 0 {
                scale_to_multiplier(scale_diff)
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 //! A library for turning computational graphs, such as neural networks, into ZK-circuits.
 //!

-use circuit::Tolerance;
+use circuit::{table::Range, CheckMode, Tolerance};
 use clap::Args;
 use graph::Visibility;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ pub struct RunArgs {
    pub scale_rebase_multiplier: u32,
    /// The min and max elements in the lookup table input column
    #[arg(short = 'B', long, value_parser = parse_tuple::<i128>, default_value = "(-32768,32768)")]
-    pub lookup_range: (i128, i128),
+    pub lookup_range: Range,
    /// The log_2 number of rows
    #[arg(short = 'K', long, default_value = "17")]
    pub logrows: u32,
@@ -110,6 +110,12 @@ pub struct RunArgs {
    /// Flags whether params are public, private, hashed
    #[arg(long, default_value = "private")]
    pub param_visibility: Visibility,
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "false")]
+    /// Multiplicative division
+    pub div_rebasing: bool,
+    /// check mode (safe, unsafe, etc)
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "unsafe")]
+    pub check_mode: CheckMode,
 }

 impl Default for RunArgs {
@@ -126,6 +132,8 @@ impl Default for RunArgs {
            input_visibility: Visibility::Private,
            output_visibility: Visibility::Public,
            param_visibility: Visibility::Private,
+            div_rebasing: false,
+            check_mode: CheckMode::UNSAFE,
        }
    }
 }
--- a/src/python.rs
+++ b/src/python.rs
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ struct PyRunArgs {
    #[pyo3(get, set)]
    pub scale_rebase_multiplier: u32,
    #[pyo3(get, set)]
-    pub lookup_range: (i128, i128),
+    pub lookup_range: crate::circuit::table::Range,
    #[pyo3(get, set)]
    pub logrows: u32,
    #[pyo3(get, set)]
@@ -159,6 +159,10 @@ struct PyRunArgs {
    pub param_visibility: Visibility,
    #[pyo3(get, set)]
    pub variables: Vec<(String, usize)>,
+    #[pyo3(get, set)]
+    pub div_rebasing: bool,
+    #[pyo3(get, set)]
+    pub check_mode: CheckMode,
 }

 /// default instantiation of PyRunArgs
@@ -185,6 +189,8 @@ impl From<PyRunArgs> for RunArgs {
            output_visibility: py_run_args.output_visibility,
            param_visibility: py_run_args.param_visibility,
            variables: py_run_args.variables,
+            div_rebasing: py_run_args.div_rebasing,
+            check_mode: py_run_args.check_mode,
        }
    }
 }
@@ -203,6 +209,8 @@ impl Into<PyRunArgs> for RunArgs {
            output_visibility: self.output_visibility,
            param_visibility: self.param_visibility,
            variables: self.variables,
+            div_rebasing: self.div_rebasing,
+            check_mode: self.check_mode,
        }
    }
 }
@@ -511,7 +519,9 @@ fn gen_settings(
    target = CalibrationTarget::default(), // default is "resources
    lookup_safety_margin = DEFAULT_LOOKUP_SAFETY_MARGIN.parse().unwrap(),
    scales = None,
+    scale_rebase_multiplier = DEFAULT_SCALE_REBASE_MULTIPLIERS.split(",").map(|x| x.parse().unwrap()).collect(),
    max_logrows = None,
+    div_rebasing = None,
 ))]
 fn calibrate_settings(
    data: PathBuf,
@@ -520,7 +530,9 @@ fn calibrate_settings(
    target: CalibrationTarget,
    lookup_safety_margin: i128,
    scales: Option<Vec<crate::Scale>>,
+    scale_rebase_multiplier: Vec<u32>,
    max_logrows: Option<u32>,
+    div_rebasing: Option<bool>,
 ) -> Result<bool, PyErr> {
    crate::execute::calibrate(
        model,
@@ -529,6 +541,8 @@ fn calibrate_settings(
        target,
        lookup_safety_margin,
        scales,
+        scale_rebase_multiplier,
+        div_rebasing,
        max_logrows,
    )
    .map_err(|e| {
@@ -807,6 +821,7 @@ fn verify_aggr(
    sol_code_path=PathBuf::from(DEFAULT_SOL_CODE),
    abi_path=PathBuf::from(DEFAULT_VERIFIER_ABI),
    srs_path=None,
+    render_vk_seperately = DEFAULT_RENDER_VK_SEPERATELY.parse().unwrap(),
 ))]
 fn create_evm_verifier(
    vk_path: PathBuf,
@@ -814,12 +829,20 @@ fn create_evm_verifier(
    sol_code_path: PathBuf,
    abi_path: PathBuf,
    srs_path: Option<PathBuf>,
+    render_vk_seperately: bool,
 ) -> Result<bool, PyErr> {
-    crate::execute::create_evm_verifier(vk_path, srs_path, settings_path, sol_code_path, abi_path)
-        .map_err(|e| {
-            let err_str = format!("Failed to run create_evm_verifier: {}", e);
-            PyRuntimeError::new_err(err_str)
-        })?;
+    crate::execute::create_evm_verifier(
+        vk_path,
+        srs_path,
+        settings_path,
+        sol_code_path,
+        abi_path,
+        render_vk_seperately,
+    )
+    .map_err(|e| {
+        let err_str = format!("Failed to run create_evm_verifier: {}", e);
+        PyRuntimeError::new_err(err_str)
+    })?;

    Ok(true)
 }
@@ -885,7 +908,7 @@ fn setup_test_evm_witness(
    sol_code_path=PathBuf::from(DEFAULT_SOL_CODE),
    rpc_url=None,
    optimizer_runs=DEFAULT_OPTIMIZER_RUNS.parse().unwrap(),
-    private_key=None
+    private_key=None,
 ))]
 fn deploy_evm(
    addr_path: PathBuf,
@@ -902,6 +925,39 @@ fn deploy_evm(
            addr_path,
            optimizer_runs,
            private_key,
+            "Halo2Verifier",
+        ))
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            let err_str = format!("Failed to run deploy_evm: {}", e);
+            PyRuntimeError::new_err(err_str)
+        })?;
+
+    Ok(true)
+}
+
+#[pyfunction(signature = (
+    addr_path,
+    sol_code_path=PathBuf::from(DEFAULT_VK_SOL),
+    rpc_url=None,
+    optimizer_runs=DEFAULT_OPTIMIZER_RUNS.parse().unwrap(),
+    private_key=None,
+))]
+fn deploy_vk_evm(
+    addr_path: PathBuf,
+    sol_code_path: PathBuf,
+    rpc_url: Option<String>,
+    optimizer_runs: usize,
+    private_key: Option<String>,
+) -> Result<bool, PyErr> {
+    Runtime::new()
+        .unwrap()
+        .block_on(crate::execute::deploy_evm(
+            sol_code_path,
+            rpc_url,
+            addr_path,
+            optimizer_runs,
+            private_key,
+            "Halo2VerifyingKey",
        ))
        .map_err(|e| {
            let err_str = format!("Failed to run deploy_evm: {}", e);
@@ -953,12 +1009,14 @@ fn deploy_da_evm(
    proof_path=PathBuf::from(DEFAULT_PROOF),
    rpc_url=None,
    addr_da = None,
+    addr_vk = None,
 ))]
 fn verify_evm(
    addr_verifier: &str,
    proof_path: PathBuf,
    rpc_url: Option<String>,
    addr_da: Option<&str>,
+    addr_vk: Option<&str>,
 ) -> Result<bool, PyErr> {
    let addr_verifier = H160::from_str(addr_verifier).map_err(|e| {
        let err_str = format!("address is invalid: {}", e);
@@ -973,6 +1031,15 @@ fn verify_evm(
    } else {
        None
    };
+    let addr_vk = if let Some(addr_vk) = addr_vk {
+        let addr_vk = H160::from_str(addr_vk).map_err(|e| {
+            let err_str = format!("address is invalid: {}", e);
+            PyRuntimeError::new_err(err_str)
+        })?;
+        Some(addr_vk)
+    } else {
+        None
+    };

    Runtime::new()
        .unwrap()
@@ -981,6 +1048,7 @@ fn verify_evm(
            addr_verifier,
            rpc_url,
            addr_da,
+            addr_vk,
        ))
        .map_err(|e| {
            let err_str = format!("Failed to run verify_evm: {}", e);
@@ -998,6 +1066,7 @@ fn verify_evm(
    abi_path=PathBuf::from(DEFAULT_VERIFIER_ABI),
    logrows=DEFAULT_AGGREGATED_LOGROWS.parse().unwrap(),
    srs_path=None,
+    render_vk_seperately = DEFAULT_RENDER_VK_SEPERATELY.parse().unwrap(),
 ))]
 fn create_evm_verifier_aggr(
    aggregation_settings: Vec<PathBuf>,
@@ -1006,6 +1075,7 @@ fn create_evm_verifier_aggr(
    abi_path: PathBuf,
    logrows: u32,
    srs_path: Option<PathBuf>,
+    render_vk_seperately: bool,
 ) -> Result<bool, PyErr> {
    crate::execute::create_evm_aggregate_verifier(
        vk_path,
@@ -1014,6 +1084,7 @@ fn create_evm_verifier_aggr(
        abi_path,
        aggregation_settings,
        logrows,
+        render_vk_seperately,
    )
    .map_err(|e| {
        let err_str = format!("Failed to run create_evm_verifier_aggr: {}", e);
@@ -1067,6 +1138,7 @@ fn ezkl(_py: Python<'_>, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(verify_aggr, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(create_evm_verifier, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(deploy_evm, m)?)?;
+    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(deploy_vk_evm, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(deploy_da_evm, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(verify_evm, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(print_proof_hex, m)?)?;
--- a/src/tensor/mod.rs
+++ b/src/tensor/mod.rs
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ use halo2_proofs::{
    poly::Rotation,
 };
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use std::cmp::max;
 use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::iter::Iterator;
 use std::ops::{Add, Deref, DerefMut, Div, Mul, Neg, Range, Sub};
+use std::{cmp::max, ops::Rem};
 use thiserror::Error;
 /// A wrapper for tensor related errors.
 #[derive(Debug, Error)]
@@ -1452,6 +1452,43 @@ impl<T: TensorType + Div<Output = T> + std::marker::Send + std::marker::Sync> Di
    }
 }

+// implement remainder
+impl<T: TensorType + Rem<Output = T> + std::marker::Send + std::marker::Sync> Rem for Tensor<T> {
+    type Output = Result<Tensor<T>, TensorError>;
+
+    /// Elementwise remainder of a tensor with another tensor.
+    /// # Arguments
+    /// * `self` - Tensor
+    /// * `rhs` - Tensor
+    /// # Examples
+    /// ```
+    /// use ezkl::tensor::Tensor;
+    /// use std::ops::Rem;
+    /// let x = Tensor::<i32>::new(
+    ///    Some(&[4, 1, 4, 1, 1, 4]),
+    ///   &[2, 3],
+    /// ).unwrap();
+    /// let y = Tensor::<i32>::new(
+    ///    Some(&[2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1]),
+    ///  &[2, 3],
+    /// ).unwrap();
+    /// let result = x.rem(y).unwrap();
+    /// let expected = Tensor::<i32>::new(Some(&[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]), &[2, 3]).unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(result, expected);
+    /// ```
+    fn rem(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
+        let broadcasted_shape = get_broadcasted_shape(self.dims(), rhs.dims()).unwrap();
+        let mut lhs = self.expand(&broadcasted_shape).unwrap();
+        let rhs = rhs.expand(&broadcasted_shape).unwrap();
+
+        lhs.par_iter_mut().zip(rhs).for_each(|(o, r)| {
+            *o = o.clone() % r;
+        });
+
+        Ok(lhs)
+    }
+}
+
 /// Returns the broadcasted shape of two tensors
 /// ```
 /// use ezkl::tensor::get_broadcasted_shape;
--- a/src/tensor/ops.rs
+++ b/src/tensor/ops.rs
@@ -950,8 +950,7 @@ pub fn neg<T: TensorType + Neg<Output = T> + std::marker::Send + std::marker::Sy
 /// Elementwise multiplies multiple tensors.
 /// # Arguments
 ///
-/// * `a` - Tensor
-/// * `b` - Tensor
+/// * `t` - Tensors
 /// # Examples
 /// ```
 /// use ezkl::tensor::Tensor;
@@ -993,6 +992,45 @@ pub fn mult<T: TensorType + Mul<Output = T> + std::marker::Send + std::marker::S
    Ok(output)
 }

+/// Divides multiple tensors.
+/// # Arguments
+/// * `t` - Tensors
+/// # Examples
+/// ```
+/// use ezkl::tensor::Tensor;
+/// use ezkl::tensor::ops::div;
+/// let x = Tensor::<i128>::new(
+///    Some(&[2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1]),
+/// &[2, 3],
+/// ).unwrap();
+/// let k = Tensor::<i128>::new(
+///   Some(&[2, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1]),
+/// &[2, 3],
+/// ).unwrap();
+/// let result = div(&[x, k]).unwrap();
+/// let expected = Tensor::<i128>::new(Some(&[1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1]), &[2, 3]).unwrap();
+/// assert_eq!(result, expected);
+/// ```
+pub fn div<
+    T: TensorType
+        + Div<Output = T>
+        + Mul<Output = T>
+        + From<u64>
+        + std::marker::Send
+        + std::marker::Sync,
+>(
+    t: &[Tensor<T>],
+) -> Result<Tensor<T>, TensorError> {
+    // calculate value of output
+    let mut output: Tensor<T> = t[0].clone();
+
+    for e in t[1..].iter() {
+        output = (output / e.clone())?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(output)
+}
+
 /// Rescale a tensor with a const integer (similar to const_mult).
 /// # Arguments
 ///
--- a/tests/integration_tests.rs
+++ b/tests/integration_tests.rs
@@ -512,13 +512,23 @@ mod native_tests {
                test_dir.close().unwrap();
            }

+            #(#[test_case(TESTS[N])])*
+            fn accuracy_measurement_div_rebase_(test: &str) {
+                crate::native_tests::init_binary();
+                crate::native_tests::setup_py_env();
+                let test_dir = TempDir::new(test).unwrap();
+                let path = test_dir.path().to_str().unwrap(); crate::native_tests::mv_test_(path, test);
+                accuracy_measurement(path, test.to_string(), "private", "private", "public", 1, "accuracy", 2.6, true);
+                test_dir.close().unwrap();
+            }
+
            #(#[test_case(TESTS[N])])*
            fn accuracy_measurement_public_outputs_(test: &str) {
                crate::native_tests::init_binary();
                crate::native_tests::setup_py_env();
                let test_dir = TempDir::new(test).unwrap();
                let path = test_dir.path().to_str().unwrap(); crate::native_tests::mv_test_(path, test);
-                accuracy_measurement(path, test.to_string(), "private", "private", "public", 1, "accuracy", 2.6);
+                accuracy_measurement(path, test.to_string(), "private", "private", "public", 1, "accuracy", 2.6, false);
                test_dir.close().unwrap();
            }

@@ -528,7 +538,7 @@ mod native_tests {
                crate::native_tests::setup_py_env();
                let test_dir = TempDir::new(test).unwrap();
                let path = test_dir.path().to_str().unwrap(); crate::native_tests::mv_test_(path, test);
-                accuracy_measurement(path, test.to_string(), "private", "fixed", "private", 1, "accuracy", 2.6);
+                accuracy_measurement(path, test.to_string(), "private", "fixed", "private", 1, "accuracy", 2.6 , false);
                test_dir.close().unwrap();
            }

@@ -538,7 +548,7 @@ mod native_tests {
                crate::native_tests::setup_py_env();
                let test_dir = TempDir::new(test).unwrap();
                let path = test_dir.path().to_str().unwrap(); crate::native_tests::mv_test_(path, test);
-                accuracy_measurement(path, test.to_string(), "public", "private", "private", 1, "accuracy", 2.6);
+                accuracy_measurement(path, test.to_string(), "public", "private", "private", 1, "accuracy", 2.6, false);
                test_dir.close().unwrap();
            }

@@ -549,7 +559,7 @@ mod native_tests {
                crate::native_tests::setup_py_env();
                let test_dir = TempDir::new(test).unwrap();
                let path = test_dir.path().to_str().unwrap(); crate::native_tests::mv_test_(path, test);
-                accuracy_measurement(path, test.to_string(), "private", "private", "public", 1, "resources", 18.0);
+                accuracy_measurement(path, test.to_string(), "private", "private", "public", 1, "resources", 18.0, false);
                test_dir.close().unwrap();
            }

@@ -826,10 +836,10 @@ mod native_tests {
                    let test_dir = TempDir::new(test).unwrap();
                    env_logger::init();
                    let path = test_dir.path().to_str().unwrap(); crate::native_tests::mv_test_(path, test);
-                    kzg_prove_and_verify(path, test.to_string(), "safe", "private", "private", "public", 1, Some(vec![0,1]), true, "single");
+                    kzg_prove_and_verify(path, test.to_string(), "safe", "private", "private", "public", 1, None, true, "single");
                    #[cfg(not(feature = "icicle"))]
                    run_js_tests(path, test.to_string(), "testWasm");
-                    test_dir.close().unwrap();
+                    // test_dir.close().unwrap();
                }

                #(#[test_case(WASM_TESTS[N])])*
@@ -839,7 +849,7 @@ mod native_tests {
                    let test_dir = TempDir::new(test).unwrap();
                    env_logger::init();
                    let path = test_dir.path().to_str().unwrap(); crate::native_tests::mv_test_(path, test);
-                    kzg_prove_and_verify(path, test.to_string(), "safe", "private", "fixed", "public", 1, Some(vec![0,1]), true, "single");
+                    kzg_prove_and_verify(path, test.to_string(), "safe", "private", "fixed", "public", 1, None, true, "single");
                    #[cfg(not(feature = "icicle"))]
                    run_js_tests(path, test.to_string(), "testWasm");
                    test_dir.close().unwrap();
@@ -855,7 +865,7 @@ mod native_tests {
                crate::native_tests::init_binary();
                let test_dir = TempDir::new(test).unwrap();
                let path = test_dir.path().to_str().unwrap(); crate::native_tests::mv_test_(path, test);
-                kzg_prove_and_verify(path, test.to_string(), "unsafe", "private", "fixed", "public", 1, Some(vec![0,6]), false, "single");
+                kzg_prove_and_verify(path, test.to_string(), "unsafe", "private", "fixed", "public", 1, None, false, "single");
                test_dir.close().unwrap();
            }

@@ -865,7 +875,7 @@ mod native_tests {
                crate::native_tests::init_binary();
                let test_dir = TempDir::new(test).unwrap();
                let path = test_dir.path().to_str().unwrap(); crate::native_tests::mv_test_(path, test);
-                mock(path, test.to_string(), "private", "fixed", "public", 1, "resources", Some(vec![0,6]));
+                mock(path, test.to_string(), "private", "fixed", "public", 1, "resources", None);
                test_dir.close().unwrap();
            }
        });
@@ -882,7 +892,8 @@ mod native_tests {
            use crate::native_tests::TESTS_EVM_AGGR;
            use test_case::test_case;
            use crate::native_tests::kzg_evm_prove_and_verify;
-            use crate::native_tests::run_js_tests;
+            use crate::native_tests::kzg_evm_prove_and_verify_render_seperately;
+
            use crate::native_tests::kzg_evm_on_chain_input_prove_and_verify;
            use crate::native_tests::kzg_evm_aggr_prove_and_verify;
            use crate::native_tests::kzg_fuzz;
@@ -988,6 +999,19 @@ mod native_tests {

                }

+                #(#[test_case(TESTS_EVM[N])])*
+                fn kzg_evm_prove_and_verify_render_seperately_(test: &str) {
+                    crate::native_tests::init_binary();
+                    let test_dir = TempDir::new(test).unwrap();
+                    let path = test_dir.path().to_str().unwrap(); crate::native_tests::mv_test_(path, test);
+                    let _anvil_child = crate::native_tests::start_anvil(false, Hardfork::Latest);
+                    kzg_evm_prove_and_verify_render_seperately(2, path, test.to_string(), "private", "private", "public");
+                    // #[cfg(not(feature = "icicle"))]
+                    // run_js_tests(path, test.to_string(), "testBrowserEvmVerify");
+                    test_dir.close().unwrap();
+
+                }
+

                #(#[test_case(TESTS_EVM[N])])*
                fn kzg_evm_hashed_input_prove_and_verify_(test: &str) {
@@ -1259,6 +1283,7 @@ mod native_tests {
            cal_target,
            scales_to_use,
            2,
+            false,
        );

        let status = Command::new(format!("{}/release/ezkl", *CARGO_TARGET_DIR))
@@ -1285,22 +1310,29 @@ mod native_tests {
        cal_target: &str,
        scales_to_use: Option<Vec<u32>>,
        num_inner_columns: usize,
+        div_rebasing: bool,
    ) {
+        let mut args = vec![
+            "gen-settings".to_string(),
+            "-M".to_string(),
+            format!("{}/{}/network.onnx", test_dir, example_name),
+            format!(
+                "--settings-path={}/{}/settings.json",
+                test_dir, example_name
+            ),
+            format!("--variables=batch_size={}", batch_size),
+            format!("--input-visibility={}", input_visibility),
+            format!("--param-visibility={}", param_visibility),
+            format!("--output-visibility={}", output_visibility),
+            format!("--num-inner-cols={}", num_inner_columns),
+        ];
+
+        if div_rebasing {
+            args.push("--div-rebasing".to_string());
+        };
+
        let status = Command::new(format!("{}/release/ezkl", *CARGO_TARGET_DIR))
-            .args([
-                "gen-settings",
-                "-M",
-                format!("{}/{}/network.onnx", test_dir, example_name).as_str(),
-                &format!(
-                    "--settings-path={}/{}/settings.json",
-                    test_dir, example_name
-                ),
-                &format!("--variables=batch_size={}", batch_size),
-                &format!("--input-visibility={}", input_visibility),
-                &format!("--param-visibility={}", param_visibility),
-                &format!("--output-visibility={}", output_visibility),
-                &format!("--num-inner-cols={}", num_inner_columns),
-            ])
+            .args(args)
            .stdout(std::process::Stdio::null())
            .status()
            .expect("failed to execute process");
@@ -1378,6 +1410,7 @@ mod native_tests {
        batch_size: usize,
        cal_target: &str,
        target_perc: f32,
+        div_rebasing: bool,
    ) {
        gen_circuit_settings_and_witness(
            test_dir,
@@ -1389,6 +1422,7 @@ mod native_tests {
            cal_target,
            None,
            2,
+            div_rebasing,
        );

        println!(
@@ -1647,6 +1681,7 @@ mod native_tests {
            target_str,
            scales_to_use,
            num_inner_columns,
+            false,
        );

        let settings_path = format!("{}/{}/settings.json", test_dir, example_name);
@@ -1723,6 +1758,7 @@ mod native_tests {
            "resources",
            None,
            2,
+            false,
        );

        let status = Command::new(format!("{}/release/ezkl", *CARGO_TARGET_DIR))
@@ -1833,6 +1869,137 @@ mod native_tests {
        assert!(!status.success());
    }

+    // prove-serialize-verify, the usual full path
+    fn kzg_evm_prove_and_verify_render_seperately(
+        num_inner_columns: usize,
+        test_dir: &str,
+        example_name: String,
+        input_visibility: &str,
+        param_visibility: &str,
+        output_visibility: &str,
+    ) {
+        let anvil_url = ANVIL_URL.as_str();
+
+        kzg_prove_and_verify(
+            test_dir,
+            example_name.clone(),
+            "safe",
+            input_visibility,
+            param_visibility,
+            output_visibility,
+            num_inner_columns,
+            None,
+            false,
+            "single",
+        );
+
+        let settings_path = format!("{}/{}/settings.json", test_dir, example_name);
+        init_params(settings_path.clone().into());
+
+        let vk_arg = format!("{}/{}/key.vk", test_dir, example_name);
+        let rpc_arg = format!("--rpc-url={}", anvil_url);
+        let addr_path_arg = format!("--addr-path={}/{}/addr.txt", test_dir, example_name);
+        let settings_arg = format!("--settings-path={}", settings_path);
+        let sol_arg = format!("--sol-code-path={}/{}/kzg.sol", test_dir, example_name);
+
+        // create the verifier
+        let args = vec![
+            "create-evm-verifier",
+            "--vk-path",
+            &vk_arg,
+            &settings_arg,
+            &sol_arg,
+            "--render-vk-seperately",
+        ];
+
+        let status = Command::new(format!("{}/release/ezkl", *CARGO_TARGET_DIR))
+            .args(&args)
+            .status()
+            .expect("failed to execute process");
+        assert!(status.success());
+
+        let addr_path_arg_vk = format!("--addr-path={}/{}/addr_vk.txt", test_dir, example_name);
+        let sol_arg_vk = format!("--sol-code-path={}/{}/vk.sol", test_dir, example_name);
+        // create the verifier
+        let args = vec![
+            "create-evm-vk",
+            "--vk-path",
+            &vk_arg,
+            &settings_arg,
+            &sol_arg_vk,
+        ];
+
+        let status = Command::new(format!("{}/release/ezkl", *CARGO_TARGET_DIR))
+            .args(&args)
+            .status()
+            .expect("failed to execute process");
+        assert!(status.success());
+
+        // deploy the verifier
+        let args = vec![
+            "deploy-evm-verifier",
+            rpc_arg.as_str(),
+            addr_path_arg.as_str(),
+            sol_arg.as_str(),
+        ];
+
+        let status = Command::new(format!("{}/release/ezkl", *CARGO_TARGET_DIR))
+            .args(&args)
+            .status()
+            .expect("failed to execute process");
+        assert!(status.success());
+
+        // read in the address
+        let addr = std::fs::read_to_string(format!("{}/{}/addr.txt", test_dir, example_name))
+            .expect("failed to read address file");
+
+        let deployed_addr_arg = format!("--addr-verifier={}", addr);
+
+        // deploy the vk
+        let args = vec![
+            "deploy-evm-vk",
+            rpc_arg.as_str(),
+            addr_path_arg_vk.as_str(),
+            sol_arg_vk.as_str(),
+        ];
+
+        let status = Command::new(format!("{}/release/ezkl", *CARGO_TARGET_DIR))
+            .args(&args)
+            .status()
+            .expect("failed to execute process");
+        assert!(status.success());
+
+        // read in the address
+        let addr_vk = std::fs::read_to_string(format!("{}/{}/addr_vk.txt", test_dir, example_name))
+            .expect("failed to read address file");
+
+        let deployed_addr_arg_vk = format!("--addr-vk={}", addr_vk);
+
+        // now verify the proof
+        let pf_arg = format!("{}/{}/proof.pf", test_dir, example_name);
+        let mut args = vec![
+            "verify-evm",
+            "--proof-path",
+            pf_arg.as_str(),
+            rpc_arg.as_str(),
+            deployed_addr_arg.as_str(),
+            deployed_addr_arg_vk.as_str(),
+        ];
+
+        let status = Command::new(format!("{}/release/ezkl", *CARGO_TARGET_DIR))
+            .args(&args)
+            .status()
+            .expect("failed to execute process");
+        assert!(status.success());
+        // As sanity check, add example that should fail.
+        args[2] = PF_FAILURE;
+        let status = Command::new(format!("{}/release/ezkl", *CARGO_TARGET_DIR))
+            .args(args)
+            .status()
+            .expect("failed to execute process");
+        assert!(!status.success());
+    }
+
    // run js browser evm verify tests for a given example
    fn run_js_tests(test_dir: &str, example_name: String, js_test: &str) {
        let status = Command::new("pnpm")
@@ -1867,6 +2034,7 @@ mod native_tests {
            // we need the accuracy
            Some(vec![7, 8]),
            1,
+            false,
        );

        let model_path = format!("{}/{}/network.compiled", test_dir, example_name);
--- a/tests/wasm/model.compiled
+++ b/tests/wasm/model.compiled
--- a/tests/wasm/settings.json
+++ b/tests/wasm/settings.json
@@ -1 +1,60 @@
-{"run_args":{"tolerance":{"val":0.0,"scale":1.0},"input_scale":0,"param_scale":0,"scale_rebase_multiplier":10,"lookup_range":[-2,0],"logrows":6,"num_inner_cols":2,"variables":[["batch_size",1]],"input_visibility":"Private","output_visibility":"Public","param_visibility":"Private"},"num_rows":16,"total_assignments":32,"total_const_size":8,"model_instance_shapes":[[1,4]],"model_output_scales":[0],"model_input_scales":[0],"module_sizes":{"kzg":[],"poseidon":[0,[0]]},"required_lookups":["ReLU"],"check_mode":"UNSAFE","version":"0.0.0","num_blinding_factors":null,"timestamp":1702474230544}
+{
+    "run_args": {
+        "tolerance": {
+            "val": 0.0,
+            "scale": 1.0
+        },
+        "input_scale": 0,
+        "param_scale": 0,
+        "scale_rebase_multiplier": 10,
+        "lookup_range": [
+            -2,
+            0
+        ],
+        "logrows": 6,
+        "num_inner_cols": 2,
+        "variables": [
+            [
+                "batch_size",
+                1
+            ]
+        ],
+        "input_visibility": "Private",
+        "output_visibility": "Public",
+        "param_visibility": "Private",
+        "div_rebasing": false,
+        "check_mode": "UNSAFE"
+    },
+    "num_rows": 16,
+    "total_assignments": 32,
+    "total_const_size": 8,
+    "model_instance_shapes": [
+        [
+            1,
+            4
+        ]
+    ],
+    "model_output_scales": [
+        0
+    ],
+    "model_input_scales": [
+        0
+    ],
+    "module_sizes": {
+        "kzg": [],
+        "poseidon": [
+            0,
+            [
+                0
+            ]
+        ]
+    },
+    "required_lookups": [
+        "ReLU"
+    ],
+    "required_range_checks": [],
+    "check_mode": "UNSAFE",
+    "version": "0.0.0",
+    "num_blinding_factors": null,
+    "timestamp": 1702474230544
+}
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
dante	e0d3f4f145	fix: uncomparable values in acc table (#701 )	2024-02-02 15:13:29 +00:00
dante	bceac2fab5	ci: make gpu tests single threaded (#700 )	2024-01-31 18:19:29 +00:00
dante	04d7b5feaa	chore: fold div_rebasing parameter into calibration (#699 )	2024-01-31 10:03:12 +00:00
dante	45fd12a04f	refactor!: make rebasing multiplicative by default (#698 ) BREAKING CHANGE: adds a `required_range_checks` field to `cs`	2024-01-30 18:37:57 +00:00
dante	bc7c33190f	feat: allow for separate vk render on-chain (#697 )	2024-01-25 19:48:13 +00:00