release: ready to release v1.4.0

Handle explicit color-related commands

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install sphinx and manim env
       run: |
         pip3 install --upgrade pip
-        sudo apt install python3-setuptools
+        sudo apt install python3-setuptools libpango1.0-dev
         pip3 install -r docs/requirements.txt
         pip3 install -r requirements.txt
     
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@ jobs:
       with:
         ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.DOC_DEPLOY_TOKEN }}
         BRANCH: gh-pages
-        FOLDER: docs/build/html
+        FOLDER: docs/build/html

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install setuptools wheel twine
+        pip install setuptools wheel twine build
     
     - name: Build and publish
       env:
         TWINE_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.PYPI_USERNAME }}
         TWINE_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.PYPI_PASSWORD }}
       run: |
-        python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
+        python -m build
         twine upload dist/*

.gitignore

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ __pycache__/
 build/
 develop-eggs/
 dist/
+manimlib.egg-info/
+
 downloads/
 eggs/
 .eggs/
@@ -147,4 +149,4 @@ dmypy.json
 
 # For manim
 /videos
-/custom_config.yml
+/custom_config.yml

MANIFEST.in

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+graft manimlib
+recursive-exclude manimlib *.pyc *.DS_Store

README.md

@@ -4,26 +4,39 @@
     </a>
 </p>
 
+[![pypi version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/manimgl?logo=pypi)](https://pypi.org/project/manimgl/)
 [![MIT License](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg?style=flat)](http://choosealicense.com/licenses/mit/)
-[![Manim Subreddit](https://img.shields.io/reddit/subreddit-subscribers/manim.svg?color=ff4301&label=reddit)](https://www.reddit.com/r/manim/)
-[![Manim Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/581738731934056449.svg?label=discord)](https://discord.gg/mMRrZQW)
+[![Manim Subreddit](https://img.shields.io/reddit/subreddit-subscribers/manim.svg?color=ff4301&label=reddit&logo=reddit)](https://www.reddit.com/r/manim/)
+[![Manim Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/581738731934056449.svg?label=discord&logo=discord)](https://discord.com/invite/bYCyhM9Kz2)
 [![docs](https://github.com/3b1b/manim/workflows/docs/badge.svg)](https://3b1b.github.io/manim/)
 
-Manim is an engine for precise programatic animations, designed for creating explanatory math videos.
+Manim is an engine for precise programmatic animations, designed for creating explanatory math videos.
 
-Note, there are two versions of manim.  This repository began as a personal project by the author of [3Blue1Brown](https://www.3blue1brown.com/) for the purpose of animating those videos, with video-specific code available [here](https://github.com/3b1b/videos).  In 2020 a group of devlopers forked it into what is now the [community edition](https://github.com/ManimCommunity/manim/), with a goal of being more stable, better tested, quicker to respond to community contributions, and all around friendlier to get started with.  You can engage with that community by joining the discord.
-
-Since the fork, this version has evolved to work on top of OpenGL, and allows real-time rendering to an interactive window before scenes are finalized and written to a file.
+Note, there are two versions of manim.  This repository began as a personal project by the author of [3Blue1Brown](https://www.3blue1brown.com/) for the purpose of animating those videos, with video-specific code available [here](https://github.com/3b1b/videos).  In 2020 a group of developers forked it into what is now the [community edition](https://github.com/ManimCommunity/manim/), with a goal of being more stable, better tested, quicker to respond to community contributions, and all around friendlier to get started with. See [this page](https://docs.manim.community/en/stable/installation/versions.html?highlight=OpenGL#which-version-to-use) for more details.
 
 ## Installation
+> **WARNING:** These instructions are for ManimGL _only_. Trying to use these instructions to install [ManimCommunity/manim](https://github.com/ManimCommunity/manim) or instructions there to install this version will cause problems. You should first decide which version you wish to install, then only follow the instructions for your desired version.
+> 
+> **Note**: To install manim directly through pip, please pay attention to the name of the installed package. This repository is ManimGL of 3b1b. The package name is `manimgl` instead of `manim` or `manimlib`. Please use `pip install manimgl` to install the version in this repository.
+
 Manim runs on Python 3.6 or higher (Python 3.8 is recommended).
 
-System requirements are [FFmpeg](https://ffmpeg.org/), [OpenGL](https://www.opengl.org//) and [LaTeX](https://www.latex-project.org) (optional, if you want to use LaTeX).
+System requirements are [FFmpeg](https://ffmpeg.org/), [OpenGL](https://www.opengl.org/) and [LaTeX](https://www.latex-project.org) (optional, if you want to use LaTeX).
+For Linux, [Pango](https://pango.gnome.org) along with its development headers are required. See instruction [here](https://github.com/ManimCommunity/ManimPango#building).
 
-For more options, take a look at the [Using manim](#using-manim) sections further below.
 
 ### Directly
 
+```sh
+# Install manimgl
+pip install manimgl
+
+# Try it out
+manimgl
+```
+
+For more options, take a look at the [Using manim](#using-manim) sections further below.
+
 If you want to hack on manimlib itself, clone this repository and in that directory execute:
 
 ```sh
@@ -35,7 +48,21 @@ manimgl example_scenes.py OpeningManimExample
 # or
 manim-render example_scenes.py OpeningManimExample
 ```
+
+### Directly (Windows)
+
+1. [Install FFmpeg](https://www.wikihow.com/Install-FFmpeg-on-Windows).
+2. Install a LaTeX distribution. [MiKTeX](https://miktex.org/download) is recommended.
+3. Install the remaining Python packages.
+    ```sh
+    git clone https://github.com/3b1b/manim.git
+    cd manim
+    pip install -e .
+    manimgl example_scenes.py OpeningManimExample
+    ```
+
 ### Mac OSX
+
 1. Install FFmpeg, LaTeX in terminal using homebrew.
     ```sh
     brew install ffmpeg mactex
@@ -49,23 +76,12 @@ manim-render example_scenes.py OpeningManimExample
     manimgl example_scenes.py OpeningManimExample
     ```
 
-### Directly (Windows)
-1. [Install FFmpeg](https://www.wikihow.com/Install-FFmpeg-on-Windows).
-2. Install a LaTeX distribution. [MiKTeX](https://miktex.org/download) is recommended.
-3. Install the remaining Python packages.
-    ```sh
-    git clone https://github.com/3b1b/manim.git
-    cd manim
-    pip install -e .
-    manimgl example_scenes.py OpeningManimExample
-    ```
-
 ## Anaconda Install
 
-* Install LaTeX as above.
-* Create a conda environment using `conda create -n manim python=3.8`.
-* Activate the environment using `conda activate manim`.
-* Install manimgl using `pip install -e .`.
+1. Install LaTeX as above.
+2. Create a conda environment using `conda create -n manim python=3.8`.
+3. Activate the environment using `conda activate manim`.
+4. Install manimgl using `pip install -e .`.
 
 
 ## Using manim
@@ -88,7 +104,7 @@ Take a look at custom_config.yml for further configuration.  To add your customi
 Look through the [example scenes](https://3b1b.github.io/manim/getting_started/example_scenes.html) to get a sense of how it is used, and feel free to look through the code behind [3blue1brown videos](https://github.com/3b1b/videos) for a much larger set of example. Note, however, that developments are often made to the library without considering backwards compatibility with those old videos. To run an old project with a guarantee that it will work, you will have to go back to the commit which completed that project.
 
 ### Documentation
-Documentation is in progress at [3b1b.github.io/manim](https://3b1b.github.io/manim/). And there is also a Chinese version maintained by **@manim-kindergarten**: [manim.ml](https://manim.ml/) (in Chinese).
+Documentation is in progress at [3b1b.github.io/manim](https://3b1b.github.io/manim/). And there is also a Chinese version maintained by [**@manim-kindergarten**](https://manim.org.cn): [docs.manim.org.cn](https://docs.manim.org.cn/) (in Chinese).
 
 [manim-kindergarten](https://github.com/manim-kindergarten/) wrote and collected some useful extra classes and some codes of videos in [manim_sandbox repo](https://github.com/manim-kindergarten/manim_sandbox).
 

docs/example.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from manimlib.imports import *
+from manimlib import *
 
 class SquareToCircle(Scene):
     def construct(self):

docs/source/_static/colors.css

@@ -1,293 +0,0 @@
-p.color-text {
-    font-size: inherit;
-    font-family: var(--font-stack--monospace);
-    margin-top: 25px;
-    color: WHITE;
-}
-
-p.color-text-small {
-    font-size: small;
-    font-family: var(--font-stack--monospace);
-    margin-top: 28px;
-    color: WHITE;
-}
-
-.colors {
-    float: left;
-    padding: 10px;
-    border: 10px;
-    margin: 0;
-    width: 80px;
-    height: 80px;
-    text-align: center;
-}
-
-.BLUE_A {
-    background: #C7E9F1;
-    color:#C7E9F1;
-}
-
-.BLUE_B {
-    background: #9CDCEB;
-    color:#9CDCEB;
-}
-
-.BLUE_C {
-    background: #58C4DD;
-    color:#58C4DD;
-}
-
-.BLUE_D {
-    background: #29ABCA;
-    color:#29ABCA;
-}
-
-.BLUE_E {
-    background: #1C758A;
-    color:#1C758A;
-}
-
-.TEAL_A {
-    background: #ACEAD7;
-    color:#ACEAD7 ;
-}
-
-.TEAL_B {
-    background: #76DDC0;
-    color: #76DDC0;
-}
-
-.TEAL_C {
-    background: #5CD0B3;
-    color: #5CD0B3;
-}
-
-.TEAL_D {
-    background: #55C1A7;
-    color: #55C1A7;
-}
-
-.TEAL_E {
-    background: #49A88F;
-    color: #49A88F;
-}
-
-.GREEN_A {
-    background: #C9E2AE;
-    color: #C9E2AE;
-}
-
-.GREEN_B {
-    background: #A6CF8C;
-    color: #A6CF8C;
-}
-
-.GREEN_C {
-    background: #83C167;
-    color: #83C167;
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-.GREEN_D {
-    background: #77B05D;
-    color: #77B05D;
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-.GREEN_E {
-    background: #699C52;
-    color: #699C52;
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-
-.YELLOW_A {
-    background: #FFF1B6;
-    color: #FFF1B6;
-}
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-.YELLOW_B {
-    background: #FFEA94;
-    color:#FFEA94 ;
-}
-
-.YELLOW_C {
-    background: #FFFF00;
-    color: #FFFF00;
-}
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-    background: #F4D345;
-    color: #F4D345;
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-
-.YELLOW_E {
-    background: #E8C11C;
-    color: #E8C11C;
-}
-
-.GOLD_A {
-    background: #F7C797;
-    color:#F7C797;
-}
-
-.GOLD_B {
-    background: #F9B775;
-    color:#F9B775;
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-    background: #F0AC5F;
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-    background: #E1A158;
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-.MAROON_A {
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-.MAROON_E {
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-.PURPLE_A {
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-.GREY_A {
-    background: #DDDDDD;
-    color: #DDDDDD;
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-
-.GREY_B {
-    background: #BBBBBB;
-    color: #BBBBBB;
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-.GREY_C {
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-    color: #888888;
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-.GREY_D {
-    background: #444444;
-    color: #444444;
-}
-
-.GREY_E {
-    background: #222222;
-    color: #222222;
-}
-
-.WHITE {
-    background: #FFFFFF;
-    color: #FFFFFF;
-}
-
-.BLACK {
-    background: #000000;
-    color: #000000;
-}
-
-.GREY_BROWN {
-    background: #736357;
-    color: #736357;
-}
-
-.DARK_BROWN {
-    background: #8B4513;
-    color: #8B4513;
-}
-
-.LIGHT_BROWN {
-    background: #CD853F;
-    color: #CD853F;
-}
-
-.PINK {
-    background: #D147BD;
-    color: #D147BD;
-}
-
-.LIGHT_PINK {
-    background: #DC75CD;
-    color: #DC75CD;
-}
-
-.GREEN_SCREEN {
-    background: #00FF00;
-    color: #00FF00;
-}
-
-.ORANGE {
-    background: #FF862F;
-    color: #FF862F;
-}

docs/source/_static/custom.css

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-p {
-    font-size: initial;
-}
-
-span.caption-text {
-    font-size: larger;
-}
-
-span.pre {
-    font-size: initial;
-}
-
-.highlight-python.notranslate {
-    margin-top: 0em;
-}
-
-.manim-video {
-    width: 99.9%;
-    padding: 8px 0;
-    outline: 0;
-}
-
-.manim-example {
-    background-color: #333333;
-    margin-bottom: 10px;
-    box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #ddd;
-}
-
-.manim-example .manim-video {
-    padding: 0;
-}
-
-.manim-example img {
-    margin-bottom: 0;
-}
-
-h5.example-header {
-    font-size: 18px;
-    font-weight: bold;
-    padding: 8px 16px;
-    color: white;
-    margin: 0;
-    font-family: inherit;
-    text-transform: none;
-    margin-top: -0.4em;
-    margin-bottom: -0.2em;
-}
-
-.manim-example .highlight {
-    background-color: #fafafa;
-    border: 2px solid #333333;
-    padding: 8px 8px 10px 8px;
-    font-size: large;
-    margin: 0;
-}
-
-.manim-example .highlight pre {
-    background-color: inherit;
-    border-left: none;
-    margin: 0;
-    padding: 0 6px 0 6px;
-}

docs/source/conf.py

@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@ master_doc = 'index'
 pygments_style = 'default'
 
 html_static_path = ["_static"]
-html_css_files = ["custom.css", "colors.css"]
+html_css_files = [
+    "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manim-kindergarten/CDN@master/manimgl_assets/custom.css", 
+    "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manim-kindergarten/CDN@master/manimgl_assets/colors.css"
+]
 html_theme = 'furo'  # pip install furo==2020.10.5b9
 html_favicon = '_static/icon.png'
 html_logo = '../../logo/transparent_graph.png'

docs/source/development/changelog.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,211 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
-No changes now.
+v1.4.0
+------
+
+Fixed bugs
+^^^^^^^^^^
+- `f1996f8 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1697/commits/f1996f8479f9e33d626b3b66e9eb6995ce231d86>`__: Temporarily fixed ``Lightbulb``
+- `#1712 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1712>`__: Fixed some bugs of ``SVGMobject``
+- `#1717 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1717>`__: Fixed some bugs of SVG path string parser
+- `#1720 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1720>`__: Fixed some bugs of ``MTex``
+
+New Features
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- `#1694 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1694>`__: Added option to add ticks on x-axis in ``BarChart``
+- `#1704 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1704>`__: Added ``lable_buff`` config parameter for ``Brace``
+- `#1712 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1712>`__: Added support for ``rotate skewX skewY`` transform in SVG 
+- `#1717 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1717>`__: Added style support to ``SVGMobject``
+- `#1719 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1719>`__: Added parser to <style> element of SVG 
+- `#1719 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1719>`__: Added support for <line> element in ``SVGMobject``
+
+Refactor 
+^^^^^^^^
+- `5aa8d15 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1697/commits/5aa8d15d85797f68a8f169ca69fd90d441a3abbe>`__: Used ``FFMPEG_BIN`` instead of ``"ffmpeg"`` for sound incorporation
+- `#1709 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1709>`__: Decorated ``CoordinateSystem.get_axes`` and ``.get_all_ranges`` as abstract method 
+- `#1712 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1712>`__: Refactored SVG path string parser
+- `#1712 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1712>`__: Allowed ``Mobject.scale`` to receive iterable ``scale_factor``
+- `#1716 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1716>`__: Refactored ``MTex``
+- `#1721 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1721>`__: Improved config helper (``manimgl --config``)
+- `#1723 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1723>`__: Refactored ``MTex``
+
+Dependencies
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- `#1719 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1719>`__: Added dependency on python package `cssselect2 <https://github.com/Kozea/cssselect2>`__
+
+
+v1.3.0
+------
+
+Fixed bugs 
+^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- `#1653 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1653>`__: Fixed ``Mobject.stretch_to_fit_depth``
+- `#1655 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1655>`__: Fixed the bug of rotating camera
+- `c73d507 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/c73d507c76af5c8602d4118bc7538ba04c03ebae>`__: Fixed ``SurfaceMesh`` to be evenly spaced
+- `82bd02d <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/82bd02d21fbd89b71baa21e077e143f440df9014>`__: Fixed ``angle_between_vectors`` add ``rotation_between_vectors``
+- `a717314 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/a7173142bf93fd309def0cc10f3c56f5e6972332>`__: Fixed ``VMobject.fade``
+- `fbc329d <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/fbc329d7ce3b11821d47adf6052d932f7eff724a>`__: Fixed ``angle_between_vectors``
+- `bcd0990 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/bcd09906bea5eaaa5352e7bee8f3153f434cf606>`__: Fixed bug in ``ShowSubmobjectsOneByOne``
+- `7023548 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1691/commits/7023548ec62c4adb2f371aab6a8c7f62deb7c33c>`__: Fixed bug in ``TransformMatchingParts``
+
+New Features
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- `e10f850 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/e10f850d0d9f971931cc85d44befe67dc842af6d>`__: Added CLI flag ``--log-level`` to specify log level
+- `#1667 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1667>`__: Added operations (``+`` and ``*``) for ``Mobject``
+- `#1675 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1675>`__: Added 4 boolean operations for ``VMobject`` in ``manimlib/mobject/boolean_ops.py``
+
+  - ``Union(*vmobjects, **kwargs)``  
+  - ``Difference(subject, clip, **kwargs)`` 
+  - ``Intersection(*vmobjects, **kwargs)`` 
+  - ``Exclusion(*vmobjects, **kwargs)`` 
+- `81c3ae3 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/81c3ae30372e288dc772633dbd17def6e603753e>`__: Added reflectiveness
+- `2c7689e <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/2c7689ed9e81229ce87c648f97f26267956c0bc9>`__: Enabled ``glow_factor`` on ``DotCloud``
+- `d065e19 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/d065e1973d1d6ebd2bece81ce4bdf0c2fff7c772>`__: Added option ``-e`` to insert embed line from the command line
+- `0e78027 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/0e78027186a976f7e5fa8d586f586bf6e6baab8d>`__: Improved ``point_from_proportion`` to account for arc length
+- `781a993 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/781a9934fda6ba11f22ba32e8ccddcb3ba78592e>`__: Added shortcut ``set_backstroke`` for setting black background stroke
+- `0b898a5 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/0b898a5594203668ed9cad38b490ab49ba233bd4>`__: Added ``Suface.always_sort_to_camera``
+- `e899604 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/e899604a2d05f78202fcb3b9824ec34647237eae>`__: Added getter methods for specific euler angles
+- `407c53f <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/407c53f97c061bfd8a53beacd88af4c786f9e9ee>`__: Hade ``rotation_between_vectors`` handle identical/similar vectors
+- `49743da <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/49743daf3244bfa11a427040bdde8e2bb79589e8>`__: Added ``Mobject.insert_submobject`` method
+- `9dd1f47 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/9dd1f47dabca1580d6102e34e44574b0cba556e7>`__: Created single progress display for full scene render
+- `264f7b1 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1691/commits/264f7b11726e9e736f0fe472f66e38539f74e848>`__: Added ``Circle.get_radius``
+- `83841ae <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1691/commits/83841ae41568a9c9dff44cd163106c19a74ac281>`__: Added ``Dodecahedron``
+- `a1d5147 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1691/commits/a1d51474ea1ce3b7aa3efbe4c5e221be70ee2f5b>`__: Added ``GlowDot``
+- `#1678 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1678>`__: Added ``MTex`` , see `#1678 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1678>`__ for details
+
+Refactor
+^^^^^^^^
+
+- `#1662 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1662>`__: Refactored support for command ``A`` in path of SVG 
+- `#1662 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1662>`__: Refactored ``SingleStringTex.balance_braces``
+- `8b454fb <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/8b454fbe9335a7011e947093230b07a74ba9c653>`__: Slight tweaks to how saturation_factor works on newton-fractal
+- `317a5d6 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/317a5d6226475b6b54a78db7116c373ef84ea923>`__: Made it possible to set full screen preview as a default
+- `e764da3 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/e764da3c3adc5ae2a4ce877b340d2b6abcddc2fc>`__: Used ``quick_point_from_proportion`` for graph points
+- `d2182b9 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/d2182b9112300558b6c074cefd685f97c10b3898>`__: Made sure ``Line.set_length`` returns self
+- `eea3c6b <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/eea3c6b29438f9e9325329c4355e76b9f635e97a>`__: Better align ``SurfaceMesh`` to the corresponding surface polygons
+- `ee1594a <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/ee1594a3cb7a79b8fc361e4c4397a88c7d20c7e3>`__: Match ``fix_in_frame`` status for ``FlashAround`` mobject
+- `ba23fbe <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1688/commits/ba23fbe71e4a038201cd7df1d200514ed1c13bc2>`__: Made sure ``Mobject.is_fixed_in_frame`` stays updated with uniforms
+- `98b0d26 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1691/commits/98b0d266d2475926a606331923cca3dc1dea97ad>`__: Made sure ``skip_animations`` and ``start_at_animation_number`` play well together
+- `f8e6e7d <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1691/commits/f8e6e7df3ceb6f3d845ced4b690a85b35e0b8d00>`__: Updated progress display for full scene render
+- `8f1dfab <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1691/commits/8f1dfabff04a8456f5c4df75b0f97d50b2755003>`__: ``VectorizedPoint`` should call ``__init__`` for both super classes
+- `758f329 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1691/commits/758f329a06a0c198b27a48c577575d94554305bf>`__: Used array copy when checking need for refreshing triangulation
+
+
+Dependencies
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- `#1675 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1675>`__: Added dependency on python package `skia-pathops <https://github.com/fonttools/skia-pathops>`__
+
+v1.2.0
+------
+
+Fixed bugs
+^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- `#1592 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1592>`__: Fixed ``put_start_and_end_on`` in 3D
+- `#1601 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1601>`__: Fixed ``DecimalNumber``'s scaling issue
+- `56df154 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/56df15453f3e3837ed731581e52a1d76d5692077>`__: Fixed bug with common range array used for all coordinate systems
+- `8645894 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/86458942550c639a241267d04d57d0e909fcf252>`__: Fixed ``CoordinateSystem`` init bug
+- `0dc096b <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/0dc096bf576ea900b351e6f4a80c13a77676f89b>`__: Fixed bug for single-valued ``ValueTracker``
+- `54ad355 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/54ad3550ef0c0e2fda46b26700a43fa8cde0973f>`__: Fixed bug with SVG rectangles
+- `d45ea28 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/d45ea28dc1d92ab9c639a047c00c151382eb0131>`__: Fixed ``DotCloud.set_radii``
+- `b543cc0 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/b543cc0e32d45399ee81638b6d4fb631437664cd>`__: Temporarily fixed bug for ``PMobject`` array resizing
+- `5f878a2 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/5f878a2c1aa531b7682bd048468c72d2835c7fe5>`__: Fixed ``match_style``
+- `719c81d <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/719c81d72b00dcf49f148d7c146774b22e0fe348>`__: Fixed negative ``path_arc`` case
+- `c726eb7 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/c726eb7a180b669ee81a18555112de26a8aff6d6>`__: Fixed bug with ``CoordinateSystem.get_lines_parallel_to_axis``
+- `7732d2f <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/7732d2f0ee10449c5731499396d4911c03e89648>`__: Fixed ``ComplexPlane`` -i display bug
+
+New Features 
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- `#1598 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1598>`__: Supported the elliptical arc command ``A`` for ``SVGMobject``
+- `#1607 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1607>`__: Added ``FlashyFadeIn``
+- `#1607 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1607>`__: Save triangulation 
+- `#1625 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1625>`__: Added new ``Code`` mobject
+- `#1637 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1637>`__: Add warnings and use rich to display log
+- `bd356da <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/bd356daa99bfe3134fcb192a5f72e0d76d853801>`__: Added ``VCube``
+- `6d72893 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/6d7289338234acc6658b9377c0f0084aa1fa7119>`__: Supported ``ValueTracker`` to track vectors
+- `3bb8f3f <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/3bb8f3f0422a5dfba0da6ef122dc0c01f31aff03>`__: Added ``set_max_width``, ``set_max_height``, ``set_max_depth`` to ``Mobject``
+- `a35dd5a <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/a35dd5a3cbdeffa3891d5aa5f80287c18dba2f7f>`__: Added ``TracgTail``
+- `acba13f <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/acba13f4991b78d54c0bf93cce7ca3b351c25476>`__: Added ``Scene.point_to_mobject``
+- `f84b8a6 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/f84b8a66fe9e8b3872e5c716c5c240c14bb555ee>`__: Added poly_fractal shader
+- `b24ba19 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/b24ba19dec48ba4e38acbde8eec6d3a308b6ab83>`__: Added kwargs to ``TipableVMobject.set_length``
+- `17c2772 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/17c2772b84abf6392a4170030e36e981de4737d0>`__: Added ``Mobject.replicate``
+- `33fa76d <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/33fa76dfac36e70bb5fad69dc6a336800c6dacce>`__: Added mandelbrot_fractal shader
+- `f22a341 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/f22a341e8411eae9331d4dd976b5e15bc6db08d9>`__: Saved state before each embed
+- `e10a752 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/e10a752c0001e8981038faa03be4de2603d3565f>`__: Allowed releasing of Textures
+- `14fbed7 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/14fbed76da4b493191136caebb8a955e2d41265b>`__: Consolidated and renamed newton_fractal shader
+- `6cdbe0d <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/6cdbe0d67a11ab14a6d84840a114ae6d3af10168>`__: Hade ``ImageMoject`` remember the filepath to the Image
+
+Refactor
+^^^^^^^^
+
+- `#1601 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/1601>`__: Changed back to simpler ``Mobject.scale`` implementation
+- `b667db2 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/b667db2d311a11cbbca2a6ff511d2c3cf1675486>`__: Simplified ``Square``
+- `40290ad <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/40290ada8343f10901fa9151cbdf84689667786d>`__: Removed unused parameter ``triangulation_locked``
+- `8647a64 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/8647a6429dd0c52cba14e971b8c09194a93cfd87>`__: Reimplemented ``Arrow``
+- `d8378d8 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/d8378d8157040cd797cc47ef9576beffd8607863>`__: Used ``make_approximately_smooth`` for ``set_points_smoothly`` by default
+- `7b4199c <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/7b4199c674e291f1b84678828b63b6bd4fcc6b17>`__: Refactored to call ``_handle_scale_side_effects`` after scaling takes place
+- `7356a36 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/7356a36fa70a8279b43ae74e247cbd43b2bfd411>`__: Refactored to only call ``throw_error_if_no_points`` once for ``get_start_and_end``
+- `0787c4f <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/0787c4f36270a6560b50ce3e07b30b0ec5f2ba3e>`__: Made sure framerate is 30 for previewed scenes
+- `c635f19 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/c635f19f2a33e916509e53ded46f55e2afa8f5f2>`__: Pushed ``pixel_coords_to_space_coords`` to ``Window``
+- `d5a88d0 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/d5a88d0fa457cfcf4cb9db417a098c37c95c7051>`__: Refactored to pass tuples and not arrays to uniforms
+- `9483f26 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/9483f26a3b056de0e34f27acabd1a946f1adbdf9>`__: Refactored to copy uniform arrays in ``Mobject.copy``
+- `ed1fc4d <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/ed1fc4d5f94467d602a568466281ca2d0368b506>`__: Added ``bounding_box`` as exceptional key to point_cloud mobject
+- `329d2c6 <https://github.com/3b1b/manim/commit/329d2c6eaec3d88bfb754b555575a3ea7c97a7e0>`__: Made sure stroke width is always a float
+
+
+v1.1.0
+-------
+
+Fixed bugs
+^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- Fixed the bug of :func:`~manimlib.utils.iterables.resize_with_interpolation` in the case of ``length=0``
+- Fixed the bug of ``__init__`` in :class:`~manimlib.mobject.geometry.Elbow`
+- If chosen monitor is not available, choose one that does exist
+- Make sure mobject data gets unlocked after animations
+- Fixed a bug for off-center vector fields
+- Had ``Mobject.match_points`` return self
+- Fixed chaining animation in example scenes
+- Fixed the default color of tip
+- Fixed a typo in ``ShowPassingFlashWithThinningStrokeWidth``
+- Fixed the default size of ``Text``
+- Fixed a missing import line in ``mobject.py``
+- Fixed the bug in ControlsExample
+- Make sure frame is added to the scene when initialization
+- Fixed zooming directions
+- Rewrote ``earclip_triangulation`` to fix triangulation
+- Allowed sound_file_name to be taken in without extensions
+
+New Features
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- Added :class:`~manimlib.animation.indication.VShowPassingFlash`
+- Added ``COLORMAP_3B1B``
+- Added some methods to coordinate system to access all axes ranges
+  
+  - :meth:`~manimlib.mobject.coordinate_systems.CoordinateSystem.get_origin`
+  - :meth:`~manimlib.mobject.coordinate_systems.CoordinateSystem.get_all_ranges`
+- Added :meth:`~manimlib.mobject.mobject.Mobject.set_color_by_rgba_func`
+- Updated :class:`~manimlib.mobject.vector_field.VectorField` and :class:`~manimlib.mobject.vector_field.StreamLines`
+- Allow ``3b1b_colormap`` as an option for :func:`~manimlib.utils.color.get_colormap_list`
+- Return ``stroke_width`` as 1d array
+- Added :meth:`~manimlib.mobject.svg.text_mobject.Text.get_parts_by_text`
+- Use Text not TexText for Brace
+- Update to Cross to make it default to variable stroke width
+- Added :class:`~manimlib.animation.indication.FlashAround` and :class:`~manimlib.animation.indication.FlashUnder`
+- Allowed configuration in ``Brace.get_text``
+- Added :meth:`~manimlib.camera.camera.CameraFrame.reorient` for quicker changes to frame angle
+- Added ``units`` to :meth:`~manimlib.camera.camera.CameraFrame.set_euler_angles`
+- Allowed any ``VMobject`` to be passed into ``TransformMatchingTex``
+- Removed double brace convention in ``Tex`` and ``TexText``
+- Added support for debugger launch
+- Added CLI flag ``--config_file`` to load configuration file manually
+- Added ``tip_style`` to ``tip_config``
+- Added ``MarkupText``
+- Take in ``u_range`` and ``v_range`` as arguments to ``ParametricSurface``
+- Added ``TrueDot``

docs/source/documentation/custom_config.rst

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ custom_config
 
 - ``raster_images`` 
     The directory for storing raster images to be used in the code (including 
-    ``.jpg``, ``.png`` and ``.gif``), which will be read by ``ImageMobject``.
+    ``.jpg``, ``.jpeg``, ``.png`` and ``.gif``), which will be read by ``ImageMobject``.
 
 - ``vector_images``
     The directory for storing vector images to be used in the code (including 
@@ -108,6 +108,11 @@ The relative position of the playback window on the display (two characters,
 the first character means upper(U) / middle(O) / lower(D), the second character 
 means left(L) / middle(O) / right(R)).
 
+``window_monitor``
+------------------
+
+The number of the monitor you want the preview window to pop up on. (default is 0)
+
 ``break_into_partial_movies``
 -----------------------------
 

docs/source/getting_started/config.rst

@@ -83,22 +83,3 @@ Its value is a dictionary, passed in as ``kwargs`` when initializing the ``Camer
 to modify the value of the properties of the ``Camera`` class.
 
 So the nesting of the ``CONFIG`` dictionary **essentially** passes in the value as ``kwargs``.
-
-Common usage
-------------
-
-When writing a class by yourself, you can add attributes or modify the attributes 
-of the parent class through ``CONFIG``.
-
-The most commonly used is to modify the properties of the camera when writing a ``Scene``:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    class YourScene(Scene):
-        CONFIG = {
-            "camera_config": {
-                "background_color": WHITE,
-            },
-        }
-
-For example, the above dictionary will change the background color to white, etc.

docs/source/getting_started/configuration.rst

@@ -52,12 +52,14 @@ flag                                                       abbr   function
 ``--finder``                                                      Show the output file in finder
 ``--config``                                                      Guide for automatic configuration
 ``--file_name FILE_NAME``                                         Name for the movie or image file
-``--start_at_animation_number START_AT_ANIMATION_NUMBER``  ``-n`` Start rendering not from the first animation, but from another, specified by its index. If you passin two comma separated values, e.g. "3,6", it will end the rendering at the second value.
+``--start_at_animation_number START_AT_ANIMATION_NUMBER``  ``-n`` Start rendering not from the first animation, but from another, specified by its index. If you passing two comma separated values, e.g. "3,6", it will end the rendering at the second value.
+``--embed LINENO``                                         ``-e`` Takes a line number as an argument, and results in the scene being called as if the line ``self.embed()`` was inserted into the scene code at that line number
 ``--resolution RESOLUTION``                                ``-r`` Resolution, passed as "WxH", e.g. "1920x1080"
 ``--frame_rate FRAME_RATE``                                       Frame rate, as an integer
 ``--color COLOR``                                          ``-c`` Background color
 ``--leave_progress_bars``                                         Leave progress bars displayed in terminal
 ``--video_dir VIDEO_DIR``                                         directory to write video
+``--config_file CONFIG_FILE``                                     Path to the custom configuration file
 ========================================================== ====== =================================================================================================================================================================================================
 
 custom_config
@@ -85,5 +87,11 @@ following the directory structure:
     └── custom_config.yml
 
 When you enter the ``project/`` folder and run ``manimgl code.py <Scene>``, 
-it will overwrite ``manim/custom_config.yml`` with ``custom_config.yml`` 
-in the ``project`` folder.
+it will overwrite ``manim/default_config.yml`` with ``custom_config.yml`` 
+in the ``project`` folder.
+
+Alternatively, you can use ``--config_file`` flag in CLI to specify configuration file manually.
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+    manimgl project/code.py --config_file /path/to/custom_config.yml

docs/source/getting_started/example_scenes.rst

@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ the simplest and one by one.
 InteractiveDevlopment
 ---------------------
 
-.. manim-example:: InteractiveDevlopment
-    :media: ../_static/example_scenes/InteractiveDevlopment.mp4
+.. manim-example:: InteractiveDevelopment
+    :media: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manim-kindergarten/CDN@master/manimgl_assets/example_scenes/InteractiveDevelopment.mp4
 
     from manimlib import *
 
-    class InteractiveDevlopment(Scene):
+    class InteractiveDevelopment(Scene):
         def construct(self):
             circle = Circle()
             circle.set_fill(BLUE, opacity=0.5)
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ AnimatingMethods
 ----------------
 
 .. manim-example:: AnimatingMethods
-    :media: ../_static/example_scenes/AnimatingMethods.mp4
+    :media: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manim-kindergarten/CDN@master/manimgl_assets/example_scenes/AnimatingMethods.mp4
 
     class AnimatingMethods(Scene):
         def construct(self):
@@ -124,10 +124,12 @@ TextExample
 -----------
 
 .. manim-example:: TextExample
-    :media: ../_static/example_scenes/TextExample.mp4
+    :media: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manim-kindergarten/CDN@master/manimgl_assets/example_scenes/TextExample.mp4
 
     class TextExample(Scene):
         def construct(self):
+            # To run this scene properly, you should have "Consolas" font in your computer
+            # for full usage, you can see https://github.com/3b1b/manim/pull/680
             text = Text("Here is a text", font="Consolas", font_size=90)
             difference = Text(
                 """
@@ -135,6 +137,7 @@ TextExample
                 you can change the font more easily, but can't use the LaTeX grammar
                 """,
                 font="Arial", font_size=24,
+                # t2c is a dict that you can choose color for different text
                 t2c={"Text": BLUE, "TexText": BLUE, "LaTeX": ORANGE}
             )
             VGroup(text, difference).arrange(DOWN, buff=1)
@@ -148,6 +151,7 @@ TextExample
                 t2f={"font": "Consolas", "words": "Consolas"},
                 t2c={"font": BLUE, "words": GREEN}
             )
+            fonts.set_width(FRAME_WIDTH - 1)
             slant = Text(
                 "And the same as slant and weight",
                 font="Consolas",
@@ -174,26 +178,30 @@ TexTransformExample
 -------------------
 
 .. manim-example:: TexTransformExample
-    :media: ../_static/example_scenes/TexTransformExample.mp4
+    :media: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manim-kindergarten/CDN@master/manimgl_assets/example_scenes/TexTransformExample.mp4
 
     class TexTransformExample(Scene):
         def construct(self):
             to_isolate = ["B", "C", "=", "(", ")"]
             lines = VGroup(
-                # Surrounding substrings with double braces
-                # will ensure that those parts are separated
-                # out in the Tex.  For example, here the
-                # Tex will have 5 submobjects, corresponding
-                # to the strings [A^2, +, B^2, =, C^2]
-                Tex("{{A^2}} + {{B^2}} = {{C^2}}"),
-                Tex("{{A^2}} = {{C^2}} - {{B^2}}"),
+                # Passing in muliple arguments to Tex will result
+                # in the same expression as if those arguments had
+                # been joined together, except that the submobject
+                # hierarchy of the resulting mobject ensure that the
+                # Tex mobject has a subject corresponding to
+                # each of these strings.  For example, the Tex mobject
+                # below will have 5 subjects, corresponding to the
+                # expressions [A^2, +, B^2, =, C^2]
+                Tex("A^2", "+", "B^2", "=", "C^2"),
+                # Likewise here
+                Tex("A^2", "=", "C^2", "-", "B^2"),
                 # Alternatively, you can pass in the keyword argument
                 # "isolate" with a list of strings that should be out as
-                # their own submobject.  So both lines below are equivalent
-                # to what you'd get by wrapping every instance of "B", "C"
-                # "=", "(" and ")" with double braces
-                Tex("{{A^2}} = (C + B)(C - B)", isolate=to_isolate),
-                Tex("A = \\sqrt{(C + B)(C - B)}", isolate=to_isolate)
+                # their own submobject.  So the line below is equivalent
+                # to the commented out line below it.
+                Tex("A^2 = (C + B)(C - B)", isolate=["A^2", *to_isolate]),
+                # Tex("A^2", "=", "(", "C", "+", "B", ")", "(", "C", "-", "B", ")"),
+                Tex("A = \\sqrt{(C + B)(C - B)}", isolate=["A", *to_isolate])
             )
             lines.arrange(DOWN, buff=LARGE_BUFF)
             for line in lines:
@@ -252,7 +260,7 @@ TexTransformExample
             # new_line2 and the "\sqrt" from the final line.  By passing in,
             # transform_mismatches=True, it will transform this "^2" part into
             # the "\sqrt" part.
-            new_line2 = Tex("{{A}}^2 = (C + B)(C - B)", isolate=to_isolate)
+            new_line2 = Tex("A^2 = (C + B)(C - B)", isolate=["A", *to_isolate])
             new_line2.replace(lines[2])
             new_line2.match_style(lines[2])
 
@@ -295,7 +303,7 @@ UpdatersExample
 ---------------
 
 .. manim-example:: UpdatersExample
-    :media: ../_static/example_scenes/UpdatersExample.mp4
+    :media: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manim-kindergarten/CDN@master/manimgl_assets/example_scenes/UpdatersExample.mp4
 
     class UpdatersExample(Scene):
         def construct(self):
@@ -327,7 +335,7 @@ UpdatersExample
             # If the argument itself might change, you can use f_always,
             # for which the arguments following the initial Mobject method
             # should be functions returning arguments to that method.
-            # The following line ensures thst decimal.set_value(square.get_y())
+            # The following line ensures that decimal.set_value(square.get_y())
             # is called every frame
             f_always(number.set_value, square.get_width)
             # You could also write the following equivalent line
@@ -343,7 +351,7 @@ UpdatersExample
             )
             self.wait()
             self.play(
-                square.set_width(5, stretch=True),
+                square.animate.set_width(5, stretch=True),
                 run_time=3,
             )
             self.wait()
@@ -380,14 +388,14 @@ CoordinateSystemExample
 -----------------------
 
 .. manim-example:: CoordinateSystemExample
-    :media: ../_static/example_scenes/CoordinateSystemExample.mp4
+    :media: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manim-kindergarten/CDN@master/manimgl_assets/example_scenes/CoordinateSystemExample.mp4
 
     class CoordinateSystemExample(Scene):
         def construct(self):
             axes = Axes(
                 # x-axis ranges from -1 to 10, with a default step size of 1
                 x_range=(-1, 10),
-                # y-axis ranges from -2 to 10 with a step size of 0.5
+                # y-axis ranges from -2 to 2 with a step size of 0.5
                 y_range=(-2, 2, 0.5),
                 # The axes will be stretched so as to match the specified
                 # height and width
@@ -450,8 +458,7 @@ CoordinateSystemExample
             # system defined by them.
             f_always(dot.move_to, lambda: axes.c2p(1, 1))
             self.play(
-                axes.animate.scale(0.75),
-                axes.animate.to_corner(UL),
+                axes.animate.scale(0.75).to_corner(UL),
                 run_time=2,
             )
             self.wait()
@@ -465,7 +472,7 @@ GraphExample
 ------------
 
 .. manim-example:: GraphExample
-    :media: ../_static/example_scenes/GraphExample.mp4
+    :media: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manim-kindergarten/CDN@master/manimgl_assets/example_scenes/GraphExample.mp4
 
     class GraphExample(Scene):
         def construct(self):
@@ -551,7 +558,7 @@ SurfaceExample
 --------------
 
 .. manim-example:: SurfaceExample
-    :media: ../_static/example_scenes/SurfaceExample.mp4
+    :media: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manim-kindergarten/CDN@master/manimgl_assets/example_scenes/SurfaceExample.mp4
 
     class SurfaceExample(Scene):
         CONFIG = {
@@ -652,7 +659,7 @@ OpeningManimExample
 -------------------
 
 .. manim-example:: OpeningManimExample
-    :media: ../_static/example_scenes/OpeningManimExample.mp4
+    :media: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manim-kindergarten/CDN@master/manimgl_assets/example_scenes/OpeningManimExample.mp4
 
 
     class OpeningManimExample(Scene):

docs/source/getting_started/installation.rst

@@ -1,17 +1,27 @@
 Installation
 ============
 
-Manim runs on Python 3.8.
+Manim runs on Python 3.6 or higher (Python 3.8 is recommended).
 
 System requirements are：
 
 - `FFmpeg <https://ffmpeg.org/>`__
 - `OpenGL <https://www.opengl.org//>`__ (included in python package ``PyOpenGL``)
 - `LaTeX <https://www.latex-project.org>`__ (optional, if you want to use LaTeX)
+- `Pango <https://pango.org>`__ (only for Linux)
+
 
 Directly
 --------
 
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+   # Install manimgl
+   pip install manimgl
+
+   # Try it out
+   manimgl
+
 If you want to hack on manimlib itself, clone this repository and in
 that directory execute:
 
@@ -56,4 +66,4 @@ For Anaconda
    cd manim 
    conda create -n manim python=3.8
    conda activate manim
-   pip install -e .
+   pip install -e .

docs/source/getting_started/quickstart.rst

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ At this time, no window will pop up. When the program is finished, this rendered
 image will be automatically opened (saved in the subdirectory ``images/`` of the same
 level directory of ``start.py`` by default):
 
-.. image:: ../_static/quickstart/SquareToCircle.png
+.. image:: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manim-kindergarten/CDN@master/manimgl_assets/quickstart/SquareToCircle.png
     :align: center
 
 Make an image
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ opened after the operation is over:
 
 .. raw:: html
 
-    <video class="manim-video" controls loop autoplay src="../_static/quickstart/SquareToCircle.mp4"></video>
+    <video class="manim-video" controls loop autoplay src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manim-kindergarten/CDN@master/manimgl_assets/quickstart/SquareToCircle.mp4"></video>
 
 Let's take a look at the code this time. The first 7 lines are the same as the previous
 ones, and the 8th line is similar to the 5th line, which creates an instance of the
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ For example: input the following lines (without comment lines) into it respectiv
 .. code-block:: python
 
     # Stretched 4 times in the vertical direction
-    play(circle.animate.stretch(4, dim=0}))
+    play(circle.animate.stretch(4, dim=0))
     # Rotate the ellipse 90°
     play(Rotate(circle, TAU / 4))
     # Move 2 units to the right and shrink to 1/4 of the original
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ You will get an animation similar to the following:
 
 .. raw:: html
 
-    <video class="manim-video" controls loop autoplay src="../_static/quickstart/SquareToCircleEmbed.mp4"></video>
+    <video class="manim-video" controls loop autoplay src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manim-kindergarten/CDN@master/manimgl_assets/quickstart/SquareToCircleEmbed.mp4"></video>
 
 If you want to enter the interactive mode directly, you don't have to write an
 empty scene containing only ``self.embed()``, you can directly run the following command

docs/source/getting_started/structure.rst

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ Below is the directory structure of manim:
         ├── config_ops.py         # Process CONFIG
         ├── customization.py      # Read from custom_config.yml
         ├── debug.py              # Utilities for debugging in program
+        ├── directories.py        # Read directories from config file
         ├── family_ops.py         # Process family members
         ├── file_ops.py           # Process files and directories
         ├── images.py             # Read image
@@ -119,9 +120,9 @@ Inheritance structure of manim's classes
 is a pdf showed inheritance structure of manim's classes, large, 
 but basically all classes have included:
 
-.. image:: ../_static/manim_shaders_structure.png
+.. image:: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manim-kindergarten/CDN@master/manimgl_assets/manim_shaders_structure.png
 
 Manim execution process
 -----------------------
 
-.. image:: ../_static/manim_shaders_process_en.png
+.. image:: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/manim-kindergarten/CDN@master/manimgl_assets/manim_shaders_process_en.png

docs/source/index.rst

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 Manim's documentation
 =====================
 
-.. image:: ../../logo/white_with_name.png
+.. image:: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/3b1b/manim@master/logo/white_with_name.png
 
 Manim is an animation engine for explanatory math videos. It's used to create precise animations programmatically, as seen in the videos
 at `3Blue1Brown <https://www.3blue1brown.com/>`_.
 
-And here is a Chinese version of this documentation: https://manim.ml/shaders
+And here is a Chinese version of this documentation: https://docs.manim.org.cn/
 
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 2

example_scenes.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from manimlib import *
 import numpy as np
 
 # To watch one of these scenes, run the following:
-# python -m manim example_scenes.py SquareToCircle
+# manimgl example_scenes.py OpeningManimExample
 # Use -s to skip to the end and just save the final frame
 # Use -w to write the animation to a file
 # Use -o to write it to a file and open it once done
@@ -161,20 +161,24 @@ class TexTransformExample(Scene):
     def construct(self):
         to_isolate = ["B", "C", "=", "(", ")"]
         lines = VGroup(
-            # Surrounding substrings with double braces
-            # will ensure that those parts are separated
-            # out in the Tex.  For example, here the
-            # Tex will have 5 submobjects, corresponding
-            # to the strings [A^2, +, B^2, =, C^2]
-            Tex("{{A^2}} + {{B^2}} = {{C^2}}"),
-            Tex("{{A^2}} = {{C^2}} - {{B^2}}"),
+            # Passing in muliple arguments to Tex will result
+            # in the same expression as if those arguments had
+            # been joined together, except that the submobject
+            # hierarchy of the resulting mobject ensure that the
+            # Tex mobject has a subject corresponding to
+            # each of these strings.  For example, the Tex mobject
+            # below will have 5 subjects, corresponding to the
+            # expressions [A^2, +, B^2, =, C^2]
+            Tex("A^2", "+", "B^2", "=", "C^2"),
+            # Likewise here
+            Tex("A^2", "=", "C^2", "-", "B^2"),
             # Alternatively, you can pass in the keyword argument
             # "isolate" with a list of strings that should be out as
-            # their own submobject.  So both lines below are equivalent
-            # to what you'd get by wrapping every instance of "B", "C"
-            # "=", "(" and ")" with double braces
-            Tex("{{A^2}} = (C + B)(C - B)", isolate=to_isolate),
-            Tex("A = \\sqrt{(C + B)(C - B)}", isolate=to_isolate)
+            # their own submobject.  So the line below is equivalent
+            # to the commented out line below it.
+            Tex("A^2 = (C + B)(C - B)", isolate=["A^2", *to_isolate]),
+            # Tex("A^2", "=", "(", "C", "+", "B", ")", "(", "C", "-", "B", ")"),
+            Tex("A = \\sqrt{(C + B)(C - B)}", isolate=["A", *to_isolate])
         )
         lines.arrange(DOWN, buff=LARGE_BUFF)
         for line in lines:
@@ -233,7 +237,7 @@ class TexTransformExample(Scene):
         # new_line2 and the "\sqrt" from the final line.  By passing in,
         # transform_mismatches=True, it will transform this "^2" part into
         # the "\sqrt" part.
-        new_line2 = Tex("{{A}}^2 = (C + B)(C - B)", isolate=to_isolate)
+        new_line2 = Tex("A^2 = (C + B)(C - B)", isolate=["A", *to_isolate])
         new_line2.replace(lines[2])
         new_line2.match_style(lines[2])
 
@@ -270,7 +274,7 @@ class UpdatersExample(Scene):
         square = Square()
         square.set_fill(BLUE_E, 1)
 
-        # On all all frames, the constructor Brace(square, UP) will
+        # On all frames, the constructor Brace(square, UP) will
         # be called, and the mobject brace will set its data to match
         # that of the newly constructed object
         brace = always_redraw(Brace, square, UP)
@@ -328,7 +332,7 @@ class UpdatersExample(Scene):
         now = self.time
         w0 = square.get_width()
         square.add_updater(
-            lambda m: m.set_width(w0 * math.cos(self.time - now))
+            lambda m: m.set_width(w0 * math.sin(self.time - now) + w0)
         )
         self.wait(4 * PI)
 
@@ -338,7 +342,7 @@ class CoordinateSystemExample(Scene):
         axes = Axes(
             # x-axis ranges from -1 to 10, with a default step size of 1
             x_range=(-1, 10),
-            # y-axis ranges from -2 to 10 with a step size of 0.5
+            # y-axis ranges from -2 to 2 with a step size of 0.5
             y_range=(-2, 2, 0.5),
             # The axes will be stretched so as to match the specified
             # height and width
@@ -401,8 +405,7 @@ class CoordinateSystemExample(Scene):
         # system defined by them.
         f_always(dot.move_to, lambda: axes.c2p(1, 1))
         self.play(
-            axes.animate.scale(0.75),
-            axes.animate.to_corner(UL),
+            axes.animate.scale(0.75).to_corner(UL),
             run_time=2,
         )
         self.wait()
@@ -584,7 +587,7 @@ class SurfaceExample(Scene):
         self.wait()
 
 
-class InteractiveDevlopment(Scene):
+class InteractiveDevelopment(Scene):
     def construct(self):
         circle = Circle()
         circle.set_fill(BLUE, opacity=0.5)
@@ -636,14 +639,14 @@ class ControlsExample(Scene):
         self.checkbox = Checkbox()
         self.color_picker = ColorSliders()
         self.panel = ControlPanel(
-            Text("Text", size=0.5), self.textbox, Line(),
-            Text("Show/Hide Text", size=0.5), self.checkbox, Line(),
-            Text("Color of Text", size=0.5), self.color_picker
+            Text("Text", font_size=24), self.textbox, Line(),
+            Text("Show/Hide Text", font_size=24), self.checkbox, Line(),
+            Text("Color of Text", font_size=24), self.color_picker
         )
         self.add(self.panel)
 
     def construct(self):
-        text = Text("", size=2)
+        text = Text("text", font_size=96)
 
         def text_updater(old_text):
             assert(isinstance(old_text, Text))

manimlib/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+import pkg_resources
+
+__version__ = pkg_resources.get_distribution("manimgl").version
+
 from manimlib.constants import *
 
 from manimlib.animation.animation import *
@@ -18,6 +22,7 @@ from manimlib.camera.camera import *
 
 from manimlib.window import *
 
+from manimlib.mobject.boolean_ops import *
 from manimlib.mobject.coordinate_systems import *
 from manimlib.mobject.changing import *
 from manimlib.mobject.frame import *
@@ -32,6 +37,7 @@ from manimlib.mobject.probability import *
 from manimlib.mobject.shape_matchers import *
 from manimlib.mobject.svg.brace import *
 from manimlib.mobject.svg.drawings import *
+from manimlib.mobject.svg.mtex_mobject import *
 from manimlib.mobject.svg.svg_mobject import *
 from manimlib.mobject.svg.tex_mobject import *
 from manimlib.mobject.svg.text_mobject import *
@@ -62,4 +68,3 @@ from manimlib.utils.rate_functions import *
 from manimlib.utils.simple_functions import *
 from manimlib.utils.sounds import *
 from manimlib.utils.space_ops import *
-from manimlib.utils.strings import *

manimlib/__main__.py

@@ -1,17 +1,29 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 import manimlib.config
+import manimlib.logger
 import manimlib.extract_scene
 import manimlib.utils.init_config
+from manimlib import __version__
 
 
 def main():
+    print(f"ManimGL \033[32mv{__version__}\033[0m")
+
     args = manimlib.config.parse_cli()
-    
+    if args.version and args.file is None:
+        return
+    if args.log_level:
+        manimlib.logger.log.setLevel(args.log_level)
+
     if args.config:
         manimlib.utils.init_config.init_customization()
     else:
         config = manimlib.config.get_configuration(args)
         scenes = manimlib.extract_scene.main(config)
-    
+
         for scene in scenes:
             scene.run()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

manimlib/animation/animation.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class Animation(object):
         # If 0 < lag_ratio < 1, its applied to each
         # with lagged start times
         "lag_ratio": DEFAULT_ANIMATION_LAG_RATIO,
-        "suspend_mobject_updating": False,
+        "suspend_mobject_updating": True,
     }
 
     def __init__(self, mobject, **kwargs):

manimlib/animation/creation.py

@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ class ShowPartial(Animation):
         if not self.should_match_start:
             self.mobject.lock_matching_data(self.mobject, self.starting_mobject)
 
+    def finish(self):
+        super().finish()
+        self.mobject.unlock_data()
+
     def interpolate_submobject(self, submob, start_submob, alpha):
         submob.pointwise_become_partial(
             start_submob, *self.get_bounds(alpha)
@@ -170,16 +174,12 @@ class ShowSubmobjectsOneByOne(ShowIncreasingSubsets):
         "int_func": np.ceil,
     }
 
-    def __init__(self, group, **kwargs):
-        new_group = Group(*group)
-        super().__init__(new_group, **kwargs)
-
     def update_submobject_list(self, index):
         # N = len(self.all_submobs)
         if index == 0:
             self.mobject.set_submobjects([])
         else:
-            self.mobject.set_submobjects(self.all_submobs[index - 1])
+            self.mobject.set_submobjects([self.all_submobs[index - 1]])
 
 
 # TODO, this is broken...

manimlib/animation/indication.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import numpy as np
+import math
 
 from manimlib.constants import *
 from manimlib.animation.animation import Animation
@@ -8,17 +9,21 @@ from manimlib.animation.composition import Succession
 from manimlib.animation.creation import ShowCreation
 from manimlib.animation.creation import ShowPartial
 from manimlib.animation.fading import FadeOut
+from manimlib.animation.fading import FadeIn
 from manimlib.animation.transform import Transform
 from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VMobject
 from manimlib.mobject.geometry import Circle
 from manimlib.mobject.geometry import Dot
 from manimlib.mobject.shape_matchers import SurroundingRectangle
+from manimlib.mobject.shape_matchers import Underline
 from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup
 from manimlib.mobject.geometry import Line
 from manimlib.utils.bezier import interpolate
 from manimlib.utils.config_ops import digest_config
 from manimlib.utils.rate_functions import there_and_back
 from manimlib.utils.rate_functions import wiggle
+from manimlib.utils.rate_functions import smooth
+from manimlib.utils.rate_functions import squish_rate_func
 
 
 class FocusOn(Transform):
@@ -152,6 +157,89 @@ class ShowPassingFlash(ShowPartial):
             submob.pointwise_become_partial(start, 0, 1)
 
 
+class VShowPassingFlash(Animation):
+    CONFIG = {
+        "time_width": 0.3,
+        "taper_width": 0.02,
+        "remover": True,
+    }
+
+    def begin(self):
+        self.mobject.align_stroke_width_data_to_points()
+        # Compute an array of stroke widths for each submobject
+        # which tapers out at either end
+        self.submob_to_anchor_widths = dict()
+        for sm in self.mobject.get_family():
+            original_widths = sm.get_stroke_widths()
+            anchor_widths = np.array([*original_widths[0::3], original_widths[-1]])
+
+            def taper_kernel(x):
+                if x < self.taper_width:
+                    return x
+                elif x > 1 - self.taper_width:
+                    return 1.0 - x
+                return 1.0
+
+            taper_array = list(map(taper_kernel, np.linspace(0, 1, len(anchor_widths))))
+            self.submob_to_anchor_widths[hash(sm)] = anchor_widths * taper_array
+        super().begin()
+
+    def interpolate_submobject(self, submobject, starting_sumobject, alpha):
+        anchor_widths = self.submob_to_anchor_widths[hash(submobject)]
+        # Create a gaussian such that 3 sigmas out on either side
+        # will equals time_width
+        tw = self.time_width
+        sigma = tw / 6
+        mu = interpolate(-tw / 2, 1 + tw / 2, alpha)
+
+        def gauss_kernel(x):
+            if abs(x - mu) > 3 * sigma:
+                return 0
+            z = (x - mu) / sigma
+            return math.exp(-0.5 * z * z)
+
+        kernel_array = list(map(gauss_kernel, np.linspace(0, 1, len(anchor_widths))))
+        scaled_widths = anchor_widths * kernel_array
+        new_widths = np.zeros(submobject.get_num_points())
+        new_widths[0::3] = scaled_widths[:-1]
+        new_widths[2::3] = scaled_widths[1:]
+        new_widths[1::3] = (new_widths[0::3] + new_widths[2::3]) / 2
+        submobject.set_stroke(width=new_widths)
+
+    def finish(self):
+        super().finish()
+        for submob, start in self.get_all_families_zipped():
+            submob.match_style(start)
+
+
+class FlashAround(VShowPassingFlash):
+    CONFIG = {
+        "stroke_width": 4.0,
+        "color": YELLOW,
+        "buff": SMALL_BUFF,
+        "time_width": 1.0,
+        "n_inserted_curves": 20,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, mobject, **kwargs):
+        digest_config(self, kwargs)
+        path = self.get_path(mobject)
+        if mobject.is_fixed_in_frame:
+            path.fix_in_frame()
+        path.insert_n_curves(self.n_inserted_curves)
+        path.set_points(path.get_points_without_null_curves())
+        path.set_stroke(self.color, self.stroke_width)
+        super().__init__(path, **kwargs)
+
+    def get_path(self, mobject):
+        return SurroundingRectangle(mobject, buff=self.buff)
+
+
+class FlashUnder(FlashAround):
+    def get_path(self, mobject):
+        return Underline(mobject, buff=self.buff)
+
+
 class ShowCreationThenDestruction(ShowPassingFlash):
     CONFIG = {
         "time_width": 2.0,
@@ -278,3 +366,22 @@ class TurnInsideOut(Transform):
 
     def create_target(self):
         return self.mobject.copy().reverse_points()
+
+
+class FlashyFadeIn(AnimationGroup):
+    CONFIG = {
+        "fade_lag": 0,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, vmobject, stroke_width=2, **kwargs):
+        digest_config(self, kwargs)
+        outline = vmobject.copy()
+        outline.set_fill(opacity=0)
+        outline.set_stroke(width=stroke_width, opacity=1)
+
+        rate_func = kwargs.get("rate_func", smooth)
+        super().__init__(
+            FadeIn(vmobject, rate_func=squish_rate_func(rate_func, self.fade_lag, 1)),
+            VShowPassingFlash(outline, time_width=1),
+            **kwargs
+        )

manimlib/animation/transform.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class Transform(Animation):
         self.check_target_mobject_validity()
         # Use a copy of target_mobject for the align_data_and_family
         # call so that the actual target_mobject stays
-        # preserved, since calling allign_data will potentailly
+        # preserved, since calling allign_data will potentially
         # change the structure of both arguments
         self.target_copy = self.target_mobject.copy()
         self.mobject.align_data_and_family(self.target_copy)
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class ApplyMethod(Transform):
         method is a method of Mobject, *args are arguments for
         that method.  Key word arguments should be passed in
         as the last arg, as a dict, since **kwargs is for
-        configuration of the transform itslef
+        configuration of the transform itself
 
         Relies on the fact that mobject methods return the mobject
         """

manimlib/animation/transform_matching_parts.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ from manimlib.mobject.mobject import Mobject
 from manimlib.mobject.mobject import Group
 from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup
 from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VMobject
-from manimlib.mobject.svg.tex_mobject import Tex
 from manimlib.utils.config_ops import digest_config
 
 
@@ -69,10 +68,10 @@ class TransformMatchingParts(AnimationGroup):
             anims.append(FadeTransformPieces(fade_source, fade_target, **kwargs))
         else:
             anims.append(FadeOutToPoint(
-                fade_source, fade_target.get_center(), **kwargs
+                fade_source, target_mobject.get_center(), **kwargs
             ))
             anims.append(FadeInFromPoint(
-                fade_target.copy(), fade_source.get_center(), **kwargs
+                fade_target.copy(), mobject.get_center(), **kwargs
             ))
 
         super().__init__(*anims)
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ class TransformMatchingShapes(TransformMatchingParts):
 
 class TransformMatchingTex(TransformMatchingParts):
     CONFIG = {
-        "mobject_type": Tex,
+        "mobject_type": VMobject,
         "group_type": VGroup,
     }
 

manimlib/camera/camera.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import moderngl
+import math
 from colour import Color
 import OpenGL.GL as gl
 
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ class CameraFrame(Mobject):
         added_rot_T = rotation_matrix_transpose(angle, axis)
         new_rot_T = np.dot(curr_rot_T, added_rot_T)
         Fz = new_rot_T[2]
-        phi = np.arccos(Fz[2])
+        phi = np.arccos(clip(Fz[2], -1, 1))
         theta = angle_of_vector(Fz[:2]) + PI / 2
         partial_rot_T = np.dot(
             rotation_matrix_transpose(phi, RIGHT),
@@ -77,16 +78,24 @@ class CameraFrame(Mobject):
         self.set_euler_angles(theta, phi, gamma)
         return self
 
-    def set_euler_angles(self, theta=None, phi=None, gamma=None):
+    def set_euler_angles(self, theta=None, phi=None, gamma=None, units=RADIANS):
         if theta is not None:
-            self.data["euler_angles"][0] = theta
+            self.data["euler_angles"][0] = theta * units
         if phi is not None:
-            self.data["euler_angles"][1] = phi
+            self.data["euler_angles"][1] = phi * units
         if gamma is not None:
-            self.data["euler_angles"][2] = gamma
+            self.data["euler_angles"][2] = gamma * units
         self.refresh_rotation_matrix()
         return self
 
+    def reorient(self, theta_degrees=None, phi_degrees=None, gamma_degrees=None):
+        """
+        Shortcut for set_euler_angles, defaulting to taking
+        in angles in degrees
+        """
+        self.set_euler_angles(theta_degrees, phi_degrees, gamma_degrees, units=DEGREES)
+        return self
+
     def set_theta(self, theta):
         return self.set_euler_angles(theta=theta)
 
@@ -113,6 +122,15 @@ class CameraFrame(Mobject):
         self.refresh_rotation_matrix()
         return self
 
+    def get_theta(self):
+        return self.data["euler_angles"][0]
+
+    def get_phi(self):
+        return self.data["euler_angles"][1]
+
+    def get_gamma(self):
+        return self.data["euler_angles"][2]
+
     def get_shape(self):
         return (self.get_width(), self.get_height())
 
@@ -131,6 +149,16 @@ class CameraFrame(Mobject):
     def get_focal_distance(self):
         return self.focal_distance * self.get_height()
 
+    def get_implied_camera_location(self):
+        theta, phi, gamma = self.get_euler_angles()
+        dist = self.get_focal_distance()
+        x, y, z = self.get_center()
+        return (
+            x + dist * math.sin(theta) * math.sin(phi),
+            y - dist * math.cos(theta) * math.sin(phi),
+            z + dist * math.cos(phi)
+        )
+
     def interpolate(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super().interpolate(*args, **kwargs)
         self.refresh_rotation_matrix()
@@ -186,20 +214,30 @@ class Camera(object):
             fbo = self.get_fbo(ctx, 0)
         else:
             fbo = ctx.detect_framebuffer()
+        self.ctx = ctx
+        self.fbo = fbo
+        self.set_ctx_blending()
 
         # For multisample antialiasing
         fbo_msaa = self.get_fbo(ctx, self.samples)
         fbo_msaa.use()
+        self.fbo_msaa = fbo_msaa
 
-        ctx.enable(moderngl.BLEND)
-        ctx.blend_func = (
+    def set_ctx_blending(self, enable=True):
+        if enable:
+            self.ctx.enable(moderngl.BLEND)
+        else:
+            self.ctx.disable(moderngl.BLEND)
+        self.ctx.blend_func = (
             moderngl.SRC_ALPHA, moderngl.ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA,
-            moderngl.ONE, moderngl.ONE
+            # moderngl.ONE, moderngl.ONE
         )
 
-        self.ctx = ctx
-        self.fbo = fbo
-        self.fbo_msaa = fbo_msaa
+    def set_ctx_depth_test(self, enable=True):
+        if enable:
+            self.ctx.enable(moderngl.DEPTH_TEST)
+        else:
+            self.ctx.disable(moderngl.DEPTH_TEST)
 
     def init_light_source(self):
         self.light_source = Point(self.light_source_position)
@@ -289,6 +327,9 @@ class Camera(object):
     def get_frame_center(self):
         return self.frame.get_center()
 
+    def get_location(self):
+        return self.frame.get_implied_camera_location()
+
     def resize_frame_shape(self, fixed_dimension=0):
         """
         Changes frame_shape to match the aspect ratio
@@ -308,17 +349,6 @@ class Camera(object):
         self.frame.set_height(frame_height)
         self.frame.set_width(frame_width)
 
-    def pixel_coords_to_space_coords(self, px, py, relative=False):
-        pw, ph = self.fbo.size
-        fw, fh = self.get_frame_shape()
-        fc = self.get_frame_center()
-        if relative:
-            return 2 * np.array([px / pw, py / ph, 0])
-        else:
-            # Only scale wrt one axis
-            scale = fh / ph
-            return fc + scale * np.array([(px - pw / 2), (py - ph / 2), 0])
-
     # Rendering
     def capture(self, *mobjects, **kwargs):
         self.refresh_perspective_uniforms()
@@ -330,17 +360,11 @@ class Camera(object):
         shader_wrapper = render_group["shader_wrapper"]
         shader_program = render_group["prog"]
         self.set_shader_uniforms(shader_program, shader_wrapper)
-        self.update_depth_test(shader_wrapper)
+        self.set_ctx_depth_test(shader_wrapper.depth_test)
         render_group["vao"].render(int(shader_wrapper.render_primitive))
         if render_group["single_use"]:
             self.release_render_group(render_group)
 
-    def update_depth_test(self, shader_wrapper):
-        if shader_wrapper.depth_test:
-            self.ctx.enable(moderngl.DEPTH_TEST)
-        else:
-            self.ctx.disable(moderngl.DEPTH_TEST)
-
     def get_render_group_list(self, mobject):
         try:
             return self.static_mobject_to_render_group_list[id(mobject)]
@@ -413,8 +437,10 @@ class Camera(object):
         for name, path in shader_wrapper.texture_paths.items():
             tid = self.get_texture_id(path)
             shader[name].value = tid
-        for name, value in it.chain(shader_wrapper.uniforms.items(), self.perspective_uniforms.items()):
+        for name, value in it.chain(self.perspective_uniforms.items(), shader_wrapper.uniforms.items()):
             try:
+                if isinstance(value, np.ndarray):
+                    value = tuple(value)
                 shader[name].value = value
             except KeyError:
                 pass
@@ -428,38 +454,52 @@ class Camera(object):
         anti_alias_width = self.anti_alias_width / (ph / fh)
         # Orient light
         rotation = frame.get_inverse_camera_rotation_matrix()
-        light_pos = self.light_source.get_location()
-        light_pos = np.dot(rotation, light_pos)
+        offset = frame.get_center()
+        light_pos = np.dot(
+            rotation, self.light_source.get_location() + offset
+        )
+        cam_pos = self.frame.get_implied_camera_location()  # TODO
 
         self.perspective_uniforms = {
             "frame_shape": frame.get_shape(),
             "anti_alias_width": anti_alias_width,
-            "camera_center": tuple(frame.get_center()),
+            "camera_offset": tuple(offset),
             "camera_rotation": tuple(np.array(rotation).T.flatten()),
+            "camera_position": tuple(cam_pos),
             "light_source_position": tuple(light_pos),
             "focal_distance": frame.get_focal_distance(),
         }
 
     def init_textures(self):
-        self.path_to_texture_id = {}
+        self.n_textures = 0
+        self.path_to_texture = {}
 
     def get_texture_id(self, path):
-        if path not in self.path_to_texture_id:
-            # A way to increase tid's sequentially
-            tid = len(self.path_to_texture_id)
-            im = Image.open(path)
+        if path not in self.path_to_texture:
+            if self.n_textures == 15:  # I have no clue why this is needed
+                self.n_textures += 1
+            tid = self.n_textures
+            self.n_textures += 1
+            im = Image.open(path).convert("RGBA")
             texture = self.ctx.texture(
                 size=im.size,
                 components=len(im.getbands()),
                 data=im.tobytes(),
             )
             texture.use(location=tid)
-            self.path_to_texture_id[path] = tid
-        return self.path_to_texture_id[path]
+            self.path_to_texture[path] = (tid, texture)
+        return self.path_to_texture[path][0]
+
+    def release_texture(self, path):
+        tid_and_texture = self.path_to_texture.pop(path, None)
+        if tid_and_texture:
+            tid_and_texture[1].release()
+        return self
 
 
 # Mostly just defined so old scenes don't break
 class ThreeDCamera(Camera):
     CONFIG = {
         "samples": 4,
+        "anti_alias_width": 0,
     }

manimlib/config.py

@@ -5,10 +5,15 @@ import importlib
 import os
 import sys
 import yaml
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 from screeninfo import get_monitors
 
 from manimlib.utils.config_ops import merge_dicts_recursively
 from manimlib.utils.init_config import init_customization
+from manimlib.logger import log
+
+
+__config_file__ = "custom_config.yml"
 
 
 def parse_cli():
@@ -111,6 +116,12 @@ def parse_cli():
                  "in two comma separated values, e.g. \"3,6\", it will end"
                  "the rendering at the second value",
         )
+        parser.add_argument(
+            "-e", "--embed", metavar="LINENO",
+            help="Takes a line number as an argument, and results"
+                 "in the scene being called as if the line `self.embed()`"
+                 "was inserted into the scene code at that line number."
+        )
         parser.add_argument(
             "-r", "--resolution",
             help="Resolution, passed as \"WxH\", e.g. \"1920x1080\"",
@@ -130,12 +141,25 @@ def parse_cli():
         )
         parser.add_argument(
             "--video_dir",
-            help="directory to write video",
+            help="Directory to write video",
+        )
+        parser.add_argument(
+            "--config_file",
+            help="Path to the custom configuration file",
+        )
+        parser.add_argument(
+            "-v", "--version",
+            action="store_true",
+            help="Display the version of manimgl"
+        )
+        parser.add_argument(
+            "--log-level",
+            help="Level of messages to Display, can be DEBUG / INFO / WARNING / ERROR / CRITICAL"
         )
         args = parser.parse_args()
         return args
     except argparse.ArgumentError as err:
-        print(str(err))
+        log.error(str(err))
         sys.exit(2)
 
 
@@ -148,24 +172,42 @@ def get_manim_dir():
 def get_module(file_name):
     if file_name is None:
         return None
-    else:
-        module_name = file_name.replace(os.sep, ".").replace(".py", "")
-        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(module_name, file_name)
-        module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
-        spec.loader.exec_module(module)
-        return module
+    module_name = file_name.replace(os.sep, ".").replace(".py", "")
+    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(module_name, file_name)
+    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+    spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+    return module
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def insert_embed_line(file_name, lineno):
+    with open(file_name, 'r') as fp:
+        lines = fp.readlines()
+    line = lines[lineno - 1]
+    n_spaces = len(line) - len(line.lstrip())
+    lines.insert(lineno, " " * n_spaces + "self.embed()\n")
+
+    alt_file = file_name.replace(".py", "_inserted_embed.py")
+    with open(alt_file, 'w') as fp:
+        fp.writelines(lines)
+
+    try:
+        yield alt_file
+    finally:
+        os.remove(alt_file)
 
 
 def get_custom_config():
-    filename = "custom_config.yml"
+    global __config_file__
+
     global_defaults_file = os.path.join(get_manim_dir(), "manimlib", "default_config.yml")
 
     if os.path.exists(global_defaults_file):
         with open(global_defaults_file, "r") as file:
             config = yaml.safe_load(file)
 
-        if os.path.exists(filename):
-            with open(filename, "r") as file:
+        if os.path.exists(__config_file__):
+            with open(__config_file__, "r") as file:
                 local_defaults = yaml.safe_load(file)
             if local_defaults:
                 config = merge_dicts_recursively(
@@ -173,23 +215,55 @@ def get_custom_config():
                     local_defaults,
                 )
     else:
-        with open(filename, "r") as file:
+        with open(__config_file__, "r") as file:
             config = yaml.safe_load(file)
-    
+
     return config
 
 
+def check_temporary_storage(config):
+    if config["directories"]["temporary_storage"] == "" and sys.platform == "win32":
+        log.warning(
+            "You may be using Windows platform and have not specified the path of"
+            " `temporary_storage`, which may cause OSError. So it is recommended"
+            " to specify the `temporary_storage` in the config file (.yml)"
+        )
+
+
 def get_configuration(args):
-    local_config_file = "custom_config.yml"
+    global __config_file__
+
+    # ensure __config_file__ always exists
+    if args.config_file is not None:
+        if not os.path.exists(args.config_file):
+            log.error(f"Can't find {args.config_file}.")
+            if sys.platform == 'win32':
+                log.info(f"Copying default configuration file to {args.config_file}...")
+                os.system(f"copy default_config.yml {args.config_file}")
+            elif sys.platform in ["linux2", "darwin"]:
+                log.info(f"Copying default configuration file to {args.config_file}...")
+                os.system(f"cp default_config.yml {args.config_file}")
+            else:
+                log.info("Please create the configuration file manually.")
+            log.info("Read configuration from default_config.yml.")
+        else:
+            __config_file__ = args.config_file
+
     global_defaults_file = os.path.join(get_manim_dir(), "manimlib", "default_config.yml")
-    if not (os.path.exists(global_defaults_file) or os.path.exists(local_config_file)):
-        print("There is no configuration file detected. Initial configuration:\n")
+
+    if not (os.path.exists(global_defaults_file) or os.path.exists(__config_file__)):
+        log.info("There is no configuration file detected. Switch to the config file initializer:")
         init_customization()
-    elif not os.path.exists(local_config_file):
-        print(f"""Warning: Using the default configuration file, which you can modify in {global_defaults_file}
-        If you want to create a local configuration file, you can create a file named {local_config_file}, or run manimgl --config
-        """)
+
+    elif not os.path.exists(__config_file__):
+        log.info(f"Using the default configuration file, which you can modify in `{global_defaults_file}`")
+        log.info(
+            "If you want to create a local configuration file, you can create a file named"
+            f" `{__config_file__}`, or run `manimgl --config`"
+        )
+
     custom_config = get_custom_config()
+    check_temporary_storage(custom_config)
 
     write_file = any([args.write_file, args.open, args.finder])
     if args.transparent:
@@ -216,16 +290,22 @@ def get_configuration(args):
         "quiet": args.quiet,
     }
 
-    module = get_module(args.file)
+    if args.embed is None:
+        module = get_module(args.file)
+    else:
+        with insert_embed_line(args.file, int(args.embed)) as alt_file:
+            module = get_module(alt_file)
+
     config = {
         "module": module,
         "scene_names": args.scene_names,
         "file_writer_config": file_writer_config,
         "quiet": args.quiet or args.write_all,
         "write_all": args.write_all,
+        "skip_animations": args.skip_animations,
         "start_at_animation_number": args.start_at_animation_number,
-        "preview": not write_file,
         "end_at_animation_number": None,
+        "preview": not write_file,
         "leave_progress_bars": args.leave_progress_bars,
     }
 
@@ -234,9 +314,11 @@ def get_configuration(args):
 
     # Default to making window half the screen size
     # but make it full screen if -f is passed in
-    monitor = get_monitors()[custom_config["window_monitor"]]
+    monitors = get_monitors()
+    mon_index = custom_config["window_monitor"]
+    monitor = monitors[min(mon_index, len(monitors) - 1)]
     window_width = monitor.width
-    if not args.full_screen:
+    if not (args.full_screen or custom_config["full_screen"]):
         window_width //= 2
     window_height = window_width * 9 // 16
     config["window_config"] = {
@@ -253,10 +335,6 @@ def get_configuration(args):
         else:
             config["start_at_animation_number"] = int(stan)
 
-    config["skip_animations"] = any([
-        args.skip_animations,
-        args.start_at_animation_number,
-    ])
     return config
 
 
@@ -292,9 +370,9 @@ def get_camera_configuration(args, custom_config):
     try:
         bg_color = args.color or custom_config["style"]["background_color"]
         camera_config["background_color"] = colour.Color(bg_color)
-    except AttributeError as err:
-        print("Please use a valid color")
-        print(err)
+    except ValueError as err:
+        log.error("Please use a valid color")
+        log.error(err)
         sys.exit(2)
 
     # If rendering a transparent image/move, make sure the

manimlib/constants.py

@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ RIGHT_SIDE = FRAME_X_RADIUS * RIGHT
 PI = np.pi
 TAU = 2 * PI
 DEGREES = TAU / 360
+# Nice to have a constant for readability
+# when juxtaposed with expressions like 30 * DEGREES
+RADIANS = 1
 
 FFMPEG_BIN = "ffmpeg"
 
@@ -136,3 +139,5 @@ RED = RED_C
 MAROON = MAROON_C
 PURPLE = PURPLE_C
 GREY = GREY_C
+
+COLORMAP_3B1B = [BLUE_E, GREEN, YELLOW, RED]

manimlib/default_config.yml

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ style:
 # the window on the monitor, e.g. "960,540"
 window_position: UR
 window_monitor: 0
+full_screen: False
 # If break_into_partial_movies is set to True, then many small
 # files will be written corresponding to each Scene.play and
 # Scene.wait call, and these files will then be combined

manimlib/extract_scene.py

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import inspect
 import sys
-import logging
+import copy
 
 from manimlib.scene.scene import Scene
 from manimlib.config import get_custom_config
+from manimlib.logger import log
 
 
 class BlankScene(Scene):
@@ -38,11 +39,14 @@ def prompt_user_for_choice(scene_classes):
             "\nScene Name or Number: "
         )
         return [
-            name_to_class[split_str] if not split_str.isnumeric() else scene_classes[int(split_str)-1]
+            name_to_class[split_str] if not split_str.isnumeric() else scene_classes[int(split_str) - 1]
             for split_str in user_input.replace(" ", "").split(",")
         ]
+    except IndexError:
+        log.error("Invalid scene number")
+        sys.exit(2)
     except KeyError:
-        logging.log(logging.ERROR, "Invalid scene")
+        log.error("Invalid scene name")
         sys.exit(2)
     except EOFError:
         sys.exit(1)
@@ -64,6 +68,26 @@ def get_scene_config(config):
     ])
 
 
+def compute_total_frames(scene_class, scene_config):
+    """
+    When a scene is being written to file, a copy of the scene is run with
+    skip_animations set to true so as to count how many frames it will require.
+    This allows for a total progress bar on rendering, and also allows runtime
+    errors to be exposed preemptively for long running scenes. The final frame
+    is saved by default, so that one can more quickly check that the last frame
+    looks as expected.
+    """
+    pre_config = copy.deepcopy(scene_config)
+    pre_config["file_writer_config"]["write_to_movie"] = False
+    pre_config["file_writer_config"]["save_last_frame"] = True
+    pre_config["file_writer_config"]["quiet"] = True
+    pre_config["skip_animations"] = True
+    pre_scene = scene_class(**pre_config)
+    pre_scene.run()
+    total_time = pre_scene.time - pre_scene.skip_time
+    return int(total_time * scene_config["camera_config"]["frame_rate"])
+
+
 def get_scenes_to_render(scene_classes, scene_config, config):
     if config["write_all"]:
         return [sc(**scene_config) for sc in scene_classes]
@@ -73,15 +97,15 @@ def get_scenes_to_render(scene_classes, scene_config, config):
         found = False
         for scene_class in scene_classes:
             if scene_class.__name__ == scene_name:
+                fw_config = scene_config["file_writer_config"]
+                if fw_config["write_to_movie"]:
+                    fw_config["total_frames"] = compute_total_frames(scene_class, scene_config)
                 scene = scene_class(**scene_config)
                 result.append(scene)
                 found = True
                 break
         if not found and (scene_name != ""):
-            logging.log(
-                logging.ERROR,
-                f"No scene named {scene_name} found",
-            )
+            log.error(f"No scene named {scene_name} found")
     if result:
         return result
     if len(scene_classes) == 1:

manimlib/logger.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import logging
+from rich.logging import RichHandler
+
+__all__ = ["log"]
+
+
+FORMAT = "%(message)s"
+logging.basicConfig(
+    level=logging.WARNING, format=FORMAT, datefmt="[%X]", handlers=[RichHandler()]
+)
+
+log = logging.getLogger("manimgl")
+log.setLevel("DEBUG")

manimlib/mobject/boolean_ops.py

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import numpy as np
+import pathops
+
+from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VMobject
+
+
+# Boolean operations between 2D mobjects
+# Borrowed from from https://github.com/ManimCommunity/manim/
+
+def _convert_vmobject_to_skia_path(vmobject):
+    path = pathops.Path()
+    subpaths = vmobject.get_subpaths_from_points(vmobject.get_all_points())
+    for subpath in subpaths:
+        quads = vmobject.get_bezier_tuples_from_points(subpath)
+        start = subpath[0]
+        path.moveTo(*start[:2])
+        for p0, p1, p2 in quads:
+            path.quadTo(*p1[:2], *p2[:2])
+        if vmobject.consider_points_equals(subpath[0], subpath[-1]):
+            path.close()
+    return path
+
+
+def _convert_skia_path_to_vmobject(path, vmobject):
+    PathVerb = pathops.PathVerb
+    current_path_start = np.array([0.0, 0.0, 0.0])
+    for path_verb, points in path:
+        if path_verb == PathVerb.CLOSE:
+            vmobject.add_line_to(current_path_start)
+        else:
+            points = np.hstack((np.array(points), np.zeros((len(points), 1))))
+            if path_verb == PathVerb.MOVE:
+                for point in points:
+                    current_path_start = point
+                    vmobject.start_new_path(point)
+            elif path_verb == PathVerb.CUBIC:
+                vmobject.add_cubic_bezier_curve_to(*points)
+            elif path_verb == PathVerb.LINE:
+                vmobject.add_line_to(points[0])
+            elif path_verb == PathVerb.QUAD:
+                vmobject.add_quadratic_bezier_curve_to(*points)
+            else:
+                raise Exception(f"Unsupported: {path_verb}")
+    return vmobject
+
+
+class Union(VMobject):
+    def __init__(self, *vmobjects, **kwargs):
+        if len(vmobjects) < 2:
+            raise ValueError("At least 2 mobjects needed for Union.")
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        outpen = pathops.Path()
+        paths = [
+            _convert_vmobject_to_skia_path(vmobject)
+            for vmobject in vmobjects
+        ]
+        pathops.union(paths, outpen.getPen())
+        _convert_skia_path_to_vmobject(outpen, self)
+
+
+class Difference(VMobject):
+    def __init__(self, subject, clip, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        outpen = pathops.Path()
+        pathops.difference(
+            [_convert_vmobject_to_skia_path(subject)],
+            [_convert_vmobject_to_skia_path(clip)],
+            outpen.getPen(),
+        )
+        _convert_skia_path_to_vmobject(outpen, self)
+
+
+class Intersection(VMobject):
+    def __init__(self, *vmobjects, **kwargs):
+        if len(vmobjects) < 2:
+            raise ValueError("At least 2 mobjects needed for Intersection.")
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        outpen = pathops.Path()
+        pathops.intersection(
+            [_convert_vmobject_to_skia_path(vmobjects[0])],
+            [_convert_vmobject_to_skia_path(vmobjects[1])],
+            outpen.getPen(),
+        )
+        new_outpen = outpen
+        for _i in range(2, len(vmobjects)):
+            new_outpen = pathops.Path()
+            pathops.intersection(
+                [outpen],
+                [_convert_vmobject_to_skia_path(vmobjects[_i])],
+                new_outpen.getPen(),
+            )
+            outpen = new_outpen
+        _convert_skia_path_to_vmobject(outpen, self)
+
+
+class Exclusion(VMobject):
+    def __init__(self, *vmobjects, **kwargs):
+        if len(vmobjects) < 2:
+            raise ValueError("At least 2 mobjects needed for Exclusion.")
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        outpen = pathops.Path()
+        pathops.xor(
+            [_convert_vmobject_to_skia_path(vmobjects[0])],
+            [_convert_vmobject_to_skia_path(vmobjects[1])],
+            outpen.getPen(),
+        )
+        new_outpen = outpen
+        for _i in range(2, len(vmobjects)):
+            new_outpen = pathops.Path()
+            pathops.xor(
+                [outpen],
+                [_convert_vmobject_to_skia_path(vmobjects[_i])],
+                new_outpen.getPen(),
+            )
+            outpen = new_outpen
+        _convert_skia_path_to_vmobject(outpen, self)

manimlib/mobject/changing.py

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
-from manimlib.constants import *
+import numpy as np
+from manimlib.constants import BLUE_D
+from manimlib.constants import BLUE_B
+from manimlib.constants import BLUE_E
+from manimlib.constants import GREY_BROWN
+from manimlib.constants import WHITE
+from manimlib.mobject.mobject import Mobject
 from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VMobject
 from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup
 from manimlib.utils.rate_functions import smooth
-from manimlib.utils.space_ops import get_norm
 
 
 class AnimatedBoundary(VGroup):
@@ -74,25 +79,63 @@ class TracedPath(VMobject):
     CONFIG = {
         "stroke_width": 2,
         "stroke_color": WHITE,
-        "min_distance_to_new_point": 0.1,
+        "time_traced": np.inf,
+        "fill_opacity": 0,
+        "time_per_anchor": 1 / 15,
     }
 
     def __init__(self, traced_point_func, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
         self.traced_point_func = traced_point_func
-        self.add_updater(lambda m: m.update_path())
+        self.time = 0
+        self.traced_points = []
+        self.add_updater(lambda m, dt: m.update_path(dt))
 
-    def update_path(self):
-        new_point = self.traced_point_func()
-        if not self.has_points():
-            self.start_new_path(new_point)
-            self.add_line_to(new_point)
+    def update_path(self, dt):
+        if dt == 0:
+            return self
+        point = self.traced_point_func().copy()
+        self.traced_points.append(point)
+
+        if self.time_traced < np.inf:
+            n_relevant_points = int(self.time_traced / dt + 0.5)
+            # n_anchors = int(self.time_traced / self.time_per_anchor)
+            n_tps = len(self.traced_points)
+            if n_tps < n_relevant_points:
+                points = self.traced_points + [point] * (n_relevant_points - n_tps)
+            else:
+                points = self.traced_points[n_tps - n_relevant_points:]
+            # points = [
+            #     self.traced_points[max(n_tps - int(alpha * n_relevant_points) - 1, 0)]
+            #     for alpha in np.linspace(1, 0, n_anchors)
+            # ]
+            # Every now and then refresh the list
+            if n_tps > 10 * n_relevant_points:
+                self.traced_points = self.traced_points[-n_relevant_points:]
         else:
-            # Set the end to be the new point
-            self.get_points()[-1] = new_point
+            # sparseness = max(int(self.time_per_anchor / dt), 1)
+            # points = self.traced_points[::sparseness]
+            # points[-1] = self.traced_points[-1]
+            points = self.traced_points
 
-            # Second to last point
-            nppcc = self.n_points_per_curve
-            dist = get_norm(new_point - self.get_points()[-nppcc])
-            if dist >= self.min_distance_to_new_point:
-                self.add_line_to(new_point)
+        if points:
+            self.set_points_smoothly(points)
+
+        self.time += dt
+        return self
+
+
+class TracingTail(TracedPath):
+    CONFIG = {
+        "stroke_width": (0, 3),
+        "stroke_opacity": (0, 1),
+        "stroke_color": WHITE,
+        "time_traced": 1.0,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, mobject_or_func, **kwargs):
+        if isinstance(mobject_or_func, Mobject):
+            func = mobject_or_func.get_center
+        else:
+            func = mobject_or_func
+        super().__init__(func, **kwargs)

manimlib/mobject/coordinate_systems.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from abc import abstractmethod
 import numpy as np
 import numbers
 
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ from manimlib.mobject.geometry import Rectangle
 from manimlib.mobject.number_line import NumberLine
 from manimlib.mobject.svg.tex_mobject import Tex
 from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup
+from manimlib.utils.config_ops import digest_config
 from manimlib.utils.config_ops import merge_dicts_recursively
 from manimlib.utils.simple_functions import binary_search
 from manimlib.utils.space_ops import angle_of_vector
@@ -25,13 +27,18 @@ class CoordinateSystem():
     """
     CONFIG = {
         "dimension": 2,
-        "x_range": np.array([-8, 8, 1.0]),
-        "y_range": np.array([-4, 4, 1.0]),
-        "width": None,
-        "height": None,
-        "num_sampled_graph_points_per_tick": 5,
+        "default_x_range": [-8.0, 8.0, 1.0],
+        "default_y_range": [-4.0, 4.0, 1.0],
+        "width": FRAME_WIDTH,
+        "height": FRAME_HEIGHT,
+        "num_sampled_graph_points_per_tick": 20,
     }
 
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        digest_config(self, kwargs)
+        self.x_range = np.array(self.default_x_range)
+        self.y_range = np.array(self.default_y_range)
+
     def coords_to_point(self, *coords):
         raise Exception("Not implemented")
 
@@ -46,9 +53,17 @@ class CoordinateSystem():
         """Abbreviation for point_to_coords"""
         return self.point_to_coords(point)
 
+    def get_origin(self):
+        return self.c2p(*[0] * self.dimension)
+
+    @abstractmethod
     def get_axes(self):
         raise Exception("Not implemented")
 
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_all_ranges(self):
+        raise Exception("Not implemented")
+
     def get_axis(self, index):
         return self.get_axes()[index]
 
@@ -121,6 +136,7 @@ class CoordinateSystem():
             **kwargs
         )
         graph.underlying_function = function
+        graph.x_range = x_range
         return graph
 
     def get_parametric_curve(self, function, **kwargs):
@@ -138,14 +154,14 @@ class CoordinateSystem():
         else:
             alpha = binary_search(
                 function=lambda a: self.point_to_coords(
-                    graph.point_from_proportion(a)
+                    graph.quick_point_from_proportion(a)
                 )[0],
                 target=x,
                 lower_bound=self.x_range[0],
                 upper_bound=self.x_range[1],
             )
             if alpha is not None:
-                return graph.point_from_proportion(alpha)
+                return graph.quick_point_from_proportion(alpha)
             else:
                 return None
 
@@ -276,7 +292,9 @@ class Axes(VGroup, CoordinateSystem):
                  x_range=None,
                  y_range=None,
                  **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        CoordinateSystem.__init__(self, **kwargs)
+        VGroup.__init__(self, **kwargs)
+
         if x_range is not None:
             self.x_range[:len(x_range)] = x_range
         if y_range is not None:
@@ -319,6 +337,9 @@ class Axes(VGroup, CoordinateSystem):
     def get_axes(self):
         return self.axes
 
+    def get_all_ranges(self):
+        return [self.x_range, self.y_range]
+
     def add_coordinate_labels(self,
                               x_values=None,
                               y_values=None,
@@ -334,11 +355,13 @@ class Axes(VGroup, CoordinateSystem):
 class ThreeDAxes(Axes):
     CONFIG = {
         "dimension": 3,
-        "x_range": np.array([-6, 6, 1]),
-        "y_range": np.array([-5, 5, 1]),
-        "z_range": np.array([-4, 4, 1]),
+        "x_range": np.array([-6.0, 6.0, 1.0]),
+        "y_range": np.array([-5.0, 5.0, 1.0]),
+        "z_range": np.array([-4.0, 4.0, 1.0]),
         "z_axis_config": {},
         "z_normal": DOWN,
+        "height": None,
+        "width": None,
         "depth": None,
         "num_axis_pieces": 20,
         "gloss": 0.5,
@@ -346,9 +369,11 @@ class ThreeDAxes(Axes):
 
     def __init__(self, x_range=None, y_range=None, z_range=None, **kwargs):
         Axes.__init__(self, x_range, y_range, **kwargs)
+        if z_range is not None:
+            self.z_range[:len(z_range)] = z_range
 
         z_axis = self.create_axis(
-            z_range or self.z_range,
+            self.z_range,
             self.z_axis_config,
             self.depth,
         )
@@ -365,6 +390,9 @@ class ThreeDAxes(Axes):
         for axis in self.axes:
             axis.insert_n_curves(self.num_axis_pieces - 1)
 
+    def get_all_ranges(self):
+        return [self.x_range, self.y_range, self.z_range]
+
 
 class NumberPlane(Axes):
     CONFIG = {
@@ -388,7 +416,7 @@ class NumberPlane(Axes):
         "width": None,
         # Defaults to a faded version of line_config
         "faded_line_style": None,
-        "faded_line_ratio": 1,
+        "faded_line_ratio": 4,
         "make_smooth_after_applying_functions": True,
     }
 
@@ -425,7 +453,7 @@ class NumberPlane(Axes):
         return lines1, lines2
 
     def get_lines_parallel_to_axis(self, axis1, axis2):
-        freq = axis1.x_step
+        freq = axis2.x_step
         ratio = self.faded_line_ratio
         line = Line(axis1.get_start(), axis1.get_end())
         dense_freq = (1 + ratio)
@@ -485,15 +513,15 @@ class ComplexPlane(NumberPlane):
     def p2n(self, point):
         return self.point_to_number(point)
 
-    def get_default_coordinate_values(self):
+    def get_default_coordinate_values(self, skip_first=True):
         x_numbers = self.get_x_axis().get_tick_range()[1:]
         y_numbers = self.get_y_axis().get_tick_range()[1:]
         y_numbers = [complex(0, y) for y in y_numbers if y != 0]
         return [*x_numbers, *y_numbers]
 
-    def add_coordinate_labels(self, numbers=None, **kwargs):
+    def add_coordinate_labels(self, numbers=None, skip_first=True, **kwargs):
         if numbers is None:
-            numbers = self.get_default_coordinate_values()
+            numbers = self.get_default_coordinate_values(skip_first)
 
         self.coordinate_labels = VGroup()
         for number in numbers:
@@ -506,6 +534,15 @@ class ComplexPlane(NumberPlane):
                 axis = self.get_x_axis()
                 value = z.real
             number_mob = axis.get_number_mobject(value, **kwargs)
+            # For i and -i, remove the "1"
+            if z.imag == 1:
+                number_mob.remove(number_mob[0])
+            if z.imag == -1:
+                number_mob.remove(number_mob[1])
+                number_mob[0].next_to(
+                    number_mob[1], LEFT,
+                    buff=number_mob[0].get_width() / 4
+                )
             self.coordinate_labels.add(number_mob)
         self.add(self.coordinate_labels)
         return self

manimlib/mobject/frame.py

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ class ScreenRectangle(Rectangle):
 class FullScreenRectangle(ScreenRectangle):
     CONFIG = {
         "height": FRAME_HEIGHT,
+        "fill_color": GREY_E,
+        "fill_opacity": 1,
+        "stroke_width": 0,
     }
 
 

manimlib/mobject/geometry.py

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import numpy as np
+import math
+import numbers
 
 from manimlib.constants import *
 from manimlib.mobject.mobject import Mobject
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ DEFAULT_ARROW_TIP_LENGTH = 0.35
 DEFAULT_ARROW_TIP_WIDTH = 0.35
 
 
+# Deprecate?
 class TipableVMobject(VMobject):
     """
     Meant for shared functionality between Arc and Line.
@@ -49,6 +52,7 @@ class TipableVMobject(VMobject):
         "tip_config": {
             "fill_opacity": 1,
             "stroke_width": 0,
+            "tip_style": 0,  # triangle=0, inner_smooth=1, dot=2
         },
         "normal_vector": OUT,
     }
@@ -63,6 +67,7 @@ class TipableVMobject(VMobject):
         tip = self.create_tip(at_start, **kwargs)
         self.reset_endpoints_based_on_tip(tip, at_start)
         self.asign_tip_attr(tip, at_start)
+        tip.set_color(self.get_stroke_color())
         self.add(tip)
         return self
 
@@ -300,6 +305,9 @@ class Circle(Arc):
             (angle - start_angle) / TAU
         )
 
+    def get_radius(self):
+        return get_norm(self.get_start() - self.get_center())
+
 
 class Dot(Circle):
     CONFIG = {
@@ -402,32 +410,38 @@ class Line(TipableVMobject):
         self.set_points_by_ends(self.start, self.end, self.buff, self.path_arc)
 
     def set_points_by_ends(self, start, end, buff=0, path_arc=0):
-        if path_arc:
-            self.set_points(Arc.create_quadratic_bezier_points(path_arc))
-            self.put_start_and_end_on(start, end)
-        else:
+        vect = end - start
+        dist = get_norm(vect)
+        if np.isclose(dist, 0):
             self.set_points_as_corners([start, end])
-        self.account_for_buff(self.buff)
+            return self
+        if path_arc:
+            neg = path_arc < 0
+            if neg:
+                path_arc = -path_arc
+                start, end = end, start
+            radius = (dist / 2) / math.sin(path_arc / 2)
+            alpha = (PI - path_arc) / 2
+            center = start + radius * normalize(rotate_vector(end - start, alpha))
+
+            raw_arc_points = Arc.create_quadratic_bezier_points(
+                angle=path_arc - 2 * buff / radius,
+                start_angle=angle_of_vector(start - center) + buff / radius,
+            )
+            if neg:
+                raw_arc_points = raw_arc_points[::-1]
+            self.set_points(center + radius * raw_arc_points)
+        else:
+            if buff > 0 and dist > 0:
+                start = start + vect * (buff / dist)
+                end = end - vect * (buff / dist)
+            self.set_points_as_corners([start, end])
+        return self
 
     def set_path_arc(self, new_value):
         self.path_arc = new_value
         self.init_points()
 
-    def account_for_buff(self, buff):
-        if buff == 0:
-            return
-        #
-        if self.path_arc == 0:
-            length = self.get_length()
-        else:
-            length = self.get_arc_length()
-        #
-        if length < 2 * buff:
-            return
-        buff_prop = buff / length
-        self.pointwise_become_partial(self, buff_prop, 1 - buff_prop)
-        return self
-
     def set_start_and_end_attrs(self, start, end):
         # If either start or end are Mobjects, this
         # gives their centers
@@ -437,8 +451,8 @@ class Line(TipableVMobject):
         # Now that we know the direction between them,
         # we can find the appropriate boundary point from
         # start and end, if they're mobjects
-        self.start = self.pointify(start, vect) + self.buff * vect
-        self.end = self.pointify(end, -vect) - self.buff * vect
+        self.start = self.pointify(start, vect)
+        self.end = self.pointify(end, -vect)
 
     def pointify(self, mob_or_point, direction=None):
         """
@@ -459,8 +473,10 @@ class Line(TipableVMobject):
 
     def put_start_and_end_on(self, start, end):
         curr_start, curr_end = self.get_start_and_end()
-        if (curr_start == curr_end).all():
-            self.set_points_by_ends(start, end, self.path_arc)
+        if np.isclose(curr_start, curr_end).all():
+            # Handle null lines more gracefully
+            self.set_points_by_ends(start, end, buff=0, path_arc=self.path_arc)
+            return self
         return super().put_start_and_end_on(start, end)
 
     def get_vector(self):
@@ -492,8 +508,9 @@ class Line(TipableVMobject):
         )
         return self
 
-    def set_length(self, length):
-        self.scale(length / self.get_length())
+    def set_length(self, length, **kwargs):
+        self.scale(length / self.get_length(), **kwargs)
+        return self
 
 
 class DashedLine(Line):
@@ -569,13 +586,87 @@ class Elbow(VMobject):
     }
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(self, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
         self.set_points_as_corners([UP, UP + RIGHT, RIGHT])
         self.set_width(self.width, about_point=ORIGIN)
         self.rotate(self.angle, about_point=ORIGIN)
 
 
 class Arrow(Line):
+    CONFIG = {
+        "stroke_color": GREY_A,
+        "stroke_width": 5,
+        "tip_width_ratio": 4,
+        "width_to_tip_len": 0.0075,
+        "max_tip_length_to_length_ratio": 0.3,
+        "max_width_to_length_ratio": 10,
+        "buff": 0.25,
+    }
+
+    def set_points_by_ends(self, start, end, buff=0, path_arc=0):
+        super().set_points_by_ends(start, end, buff, path_arc)
+        self.insert_tip_anchor()
+        return self
+
+    def init_colors(self, override=True):
+        super().init_colors(override)
+        self.create_tip_with_stroke_width()
+
+    def get_arc_length(self):
+        # Push up into Line?
+        arc_len = get_norm(self.get_vector())
+        if self.path_arc > 0:
+            arc_len *= self.path_arc / (2 * math.sin(self.path_arc / 2))
+        return arc_len
+
+    def insert_tip_anchor(self):
+        prev_end = self.get_end()
+        arc_len = self.get_arc_length()
+        tip_len = self.get_stroke_width() * self.width_to_tip_len * self.tip_width_ratio
+        if tip_len >= self.max_tip_length_to_length_ratio * arc_len:
+            alpha = self.max_tip_length_to_length_ratio
+        else:
+            alpha = tip_len / arc_len
+        self.pointwise_become_partial(self, 0, 1 - alpha)
+        self.add_line_to(prev_end)
+        return self
+
+    def create_tip_with_stroke_width(self):
+        width = min(
+            self.max_stroke_width,
+            self.max_width_to_length_ratio * self.get_length(),
+        )
+        widths_array = np.full(self.get_num_points(), width)
+        nppc = self.n_points_per_curve
+        if len(widths_array) > nppc:
+            widths_array[-nppc:] = [
+                a * self.tip_width_ratio * width
+                for a in np.linspace(1, 0, nppc)
+            ]
+            self.set_stroke(width=widths_array)
+        return self
+
+    def reset_tip(self):
+        self.set_points_by_ends(
+            self.get_start(),
+            self.get_end(),
+            path_arc=self.path_arc,
+        )
+        self.create_tip_with_stroke_width()
+        return self
+
+    def set_stroke(self, color=None, width=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().set_stroke(color=color, width=width, *args, **kwargs)
+        if isinstance(width, numbers.Number):
+            self.max_stroke_width = width
+            self.reset_tip()
+        return self
+
+    def _handle_scale_side_effects(self, scale_factor):
+        return self.reset_tip()
+
+
+class FillArrow(Line):
     CONFIG = {
         "fill_color": GREY_A,
         "fill_opacity": 1,
@@ -786,12 +877,20 @@ class ArrowTip(Triangle):
         "width": DEFAULT_ARROW_TIP_WIDTH,
         "length": DEFAULT_ARROW_TIP_LENGTH,
         "angle": 0,
+        "tip_style": 0,  # triangle=0, inner_smooth=1, dot=2
     }
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
         Triangle.__init__(self, start_angle=0, **kwargs)
         self.set_height(self.width)
         self.set_width(self.length, stretch=True)
+        if self.tip_style == 1:
+            self.set_height(self.length * 0.9, stretch=True)
+            self.data["points"][4] += np.array([0.6 * self.length, 0, 0])
+        elif self.tip_style == 2:
+            h = self.length / 2
+            self.clear_points()
+            self.data["points"] = Dot().set_width(h).get_points()
         self.rotate(self.angle)
 
     def get_base(self):
@@ -832,16 +931,8 @@ class Rectangle(Polygon):
 
 
 class Square(Rectangle):
-    CONFIG = {
-        "side_length": 2.0,
-    }
-
-    def __init__(self, side_length=None, **kwargs):
-        digest_config(self, kwargs)
-
-        if side_length is None:
-            side_length = self.side_length
-
+    def __init__(self, side_length=2.0, **kwargs):
+        self.side_length = side_length
         super().__init__(side_length, side_length, **kwargs)
 
 

manimlib/mobject/interactive.py

@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ class ControlPanel(Group):
         },
         "opener_text_kwargs": {
             "text": "Control Panel",
-            "size": 0.4
+            "font_size": 20
         }
     }
 

manimlib/mobject/matrix.py

@@ -57,18 +57,18 @@ class Matrix(VMobject):
     CONFIG = {
         "v_buff": 0.8,
         "h_buff": 1.3,
-        "bracket_h_buff": MED_SMALL_BUFF,
-        "bracket_v_buff": MED_SMALL_BUFF,
+        "bracket_h_buff": 0.2,
+        "bracket_v_buff": 0.25,
         "add_background_rectangles_to_entries": False,
         "include_background_rectangle": False,
         "element_to_mobject": Tex,
         "element_to_mobject_config": {},
-        "element_alignment_corner": DR,
+        "element_alignment_corner": DOWN,
     }
 
     def __init__(self, matrix, **kwargs):
         """
-        Matrix can either either include numbres, tex_strings,
+        Matrix can either include numbers, tex_strings,
         or mobjects
         """
         VMobject.__init__(self, **kwargs)
@@ -132,6 +132,12 @@ class Matrix(VMobject):
             for i in range(len(self.mob_matrix[0]))
         ])
 
+    def get_rows(self):
+        return VGroup(*[
+            VGroup(*row)
+            for row in self.mob_matrix
+        ])
+
     def set_column_colors(self, *colors):
         columns = self.get_columns()
         for color, column in zip(colors, columns):
@@ -163,6 +169,7 @@ class DecimalMatrix(Matrix):
 class IntegerMatrix(Matrix):
     CONFIG = {
         "element_to_mobject": Integer,
+        "element_alignment_corner": UP,
     }
 
 

manimlib/mobject/mobject.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import random
 import sys
 import moderngl
 from functools import wraps
+from collections import Iterable
 
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ from manimlib.utils.iterables import resize_with_interpolation
 from manimlib.utils.iterables import make_even
 from manimlib.utils.iterables import listify
 from manimlib.utils.bezier import interpolate
+from manimlib.utils.bezier import integer_interpolate
 from manimlib.utils.paths import straight_path
 from manimlib.utils.simple_functions import get_parameters
 from manimlib.utils.space_ops import angle_of_vector
@@ -42,10 +44,13 @@ class Mobject(object):
         "opacity": 1,
         "dim": 3,  # TODO, get rid of this
         # Lighting parameters
-        # Positive gloss up to 1 makes it reflect the light.
-        "gloss": 0.0,
-        # Positive shadow up to 1 makes a side opposite the light darker
+        # ...
+        # Larger reflectiveness makes things brighter when facing the light
+        "reflectiveness": 0.0,
+        # Larger shadow makes faces opposite the light darker
         "shadow": 0.0,
+        # Makes parts bright where light gets reflected toward the camera
+        "gloss": 0.0,
         # For shaders
         "shader_folder": "",
         "render_primitive": moderngl.TRIANGLE_STRIP,
@@ -56,9 +61,7 @@ class Mobject(object):
         # Must match in attributes of vert shader
         "shader_dtype": [
             ('point', np.float32, (3,)),
-        ],
-        # Event listener
-        "listen_to_events": False
+        ]
     }
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
@@ -83,6 +86,14 @@ class Mobject(object):
     def __str__(self):
         return self.__class__.__name__
 
+    def __add__(self, other: 'Mobject') -> 'Mobject':
+        assert(isinstance(other, Mobject))
+        return self.get_group_class()(self, other)
+
+    def __mul__(self, other: 'int') -> 'Mobject':
+        assert(isinstance(other, int))
+        return self.replicate(other)
+
     def init_data(self):
         self.data = {
             "points": np.zeros((0, 3)),
@@ -95,10 +106,11 @@ class Mobject(object):
             "is_fixed_in_frame": float(self.is_fixed_in_frame),
             "gloss": self.gloss,
             "shadow": self.shadow,
+            "reflectiveness": self.reflectiveness,
         }
 
-    def init_colors(self):
-        self.set_color(self.color, self.opacity)
+    def init_colors(self, override=True):
+        self.set_color(self.color, self.opacity, override)
 
     def init_points(self):
         # Typically implemented in subclass, unlpess purposefully left blank
@@ -146,6 +158,7 @@ class Mobject(object):
         for mob in self.get_family():
             for key in mob.data:
                 mob.data[key] = mob.data[key][::-1]
+        self.refresh_unit_normal()
         return self
 
     def apply_points_function(self, func, about_point=None, about_edge=ORIGIN, works_on_bounding_box=False):
@@ -176,6 +189,7 @@ class Mobject(object):
 
     def match_points(self, mobject):
         self.set_points(mobject.get_points())
+        return self
 
     def get_points(self):
         return self.data["points"]
@@ -300,6 +314,11 @@ class Mobject(object):
         self.assemble_family()
         return self
 
+    def insert_submobject(self, index, new_submob):
+        self.submobjects.insert(index, new_submob)
+        self.assemble_family()
+        return self
+
     def set_submobjects(self, submobject_list):
         self.remove(*self.submobjects)
         self.add(*submobject_list)
@@ -365,14 +384,17 @@ class Mobject(object):
         self.center()
         return self
 
+    def replicate(self, n):
+        return self.get_group_class()(
+            *(self.copy() for x in range(n))
+        )
+
     def get_grid(self, n_rows, n_cols, height=None, **kwargs):
         """
         Returns a new mobject containing multiple copies of this one
         arranged in a grid
         """
-        grid = self.get_group_class()(
-            *(self.copy() for n in range(n_rows * n_cols))
-        )
+        grid = self.replicate(n_rows * n_cols)
         grid.arrange_in_grid(n_rows, n_cols, **kwargs)
         if height is not None:
             grid.set_height(height)
@@ -383,6 +405,7 @@ class Mobject(object):
             self.submobjects.sort(key=submob_func)
         else:
             self.submobjects.sort(key=lambda m: point_to_num_func(m.get_center()))
+        self.assemble_family()
         return self
 
     def shuffle(self, recurse=False):
@@ -390,6 +413,7 @@ class Mobject(object):
             for submob in self.submobjects:
                 submob.shuffle(recurse=True)
         random.shuffle(self.submobjects)
+        self.assemble_family()
         return self
 
     # Copying
@@ -408,8 +432,10 @@ class Mobject(object):
         for key in self.data:
             copy_mobject.data[key] = self.data[key].copy()
 
-        # TODO, are uniforms ever numpy arrays?
         copy_mobject.uniforms = dict(self.uniforms)
+        for key in self.uniforms:
+            if isinstance(self.uniforms[key], np.ndarray):
+                copy_mobject.uniforms[key] = self.uniforms[key].copy()
 
         copy_mobject.submobjects = []
         copy_mobject.add(*[sm.copy() for sm in self.submobjects])
@@ -504,7 +530,7 @@ class Mobject(object):
 
         self.refresh_has_updater_status()
         if call_updater:
-            self.update()
+            self.update(dt=0)
         return self
 
     def remove_updater(self, update_function):
@@ -561,7 +587,7 @@ class Mobject(object):
         )
         return self
 
-    def scale(self, scale_factor, **kwargs):
+    def scale(self, scale_factor, min_scale_factor=1e-8, about_point=None, about_edge=ORIGIN):
         """
         Default behavior is to scale about the center of the mobject.
         The argument about_edge can be a vector, indicating which side of
@@ -571,13 +597,25 @@ class Mobject(object):
         Otherwise, if about_point is given a value, scaling is done with
         respect to that point.
         """
+        if isinstance(scale_factor, Iterable):
+            scale_factor = np.array(scale_factor).clip(min=min_scale_factor)
+        else:
+            scale_factor = max(scale_factor, min_scale_factor)
         self.apply_points_function(
             lambda points: scale_factor * points,
+            about_point=about_point,
+            about_edge=about_edge,
             works_on_bounding_box=True,
-            **kwargs
         )
+        for mob in self.get_family():
+            mob._handle_scale_side_effects(scale_factor)
         return self
 
+    def _handle_scale_side_effects(self, scale_factor):
+        # In case subclasses, such as DecimalNumber, need to make
+        # any other changes when the size gets altered
+        pass
+
     def stretch(self, factor, dim, **kwargs):
         def func(points):
             points[:, dim] *= factor
@@ -753,7 +791,7 @@ class Mobject(object):
         return self.rescale_to_fit(height, 1, stretch=True, **kwargs)
 
     def stretch_to_fit_depth(self, depth, **kwargs):
-        return self.rescale_to_fit(depth, 1, stretch=True, **kwargs)
+        return self.rescale_to_fit(depth, 2, stretch=True, **kwargs)
 
     def set_width(self, width, stretch=False, **kwargs):
         return self.rescale_to_fit(width, 0, stretch=stretch, **kwargs)
@@ -764,6 +802,21 @@ class Mobject(object):
     def set_depth(self, depth, stretch=False, **kwargs):
         return self.rescale_to_fit(depth, 2, stretch=stretch, **kwargs)
 
+    def set_max_width(self, max_width, **kwargs):
+        if self.get_width() > max_width:
+            self.set_width(max_width, **kwargs)
+        return self
+
+    def set_max_height(self, max_height, **kwargs):
+        if self.get_height() > max_height:
+            self.set_height(max_height, **kwargs)
+        return self
+
+    def set_max_depth(self, max_depth, **kwargs):
+        if self.get_depth() > max_depth:
+            self.set_depth(max_depth, **kwargs)
+        return self
+
     def set_coord(self, value, dim, direction=ORIGIN):
         curr = self.get_coord(dim, direction)
         shift_vect = np.zeros(self.dim)
@@ -822,7 +875,6 @@ class Mobject(object):
         return self
 
     def put_start_and_end_on(self, start, end):
-        # TODO, this doesn't currently work in 3d
         curr_start, curr_end = self.get_start_and_end()
         curr_vect = curr_end - curr_start
         if np.all(curr_vect == 0):
@@ -834,14 +886,40 @@ class Mobject(object):
         )
         self.rotate(
             angle_of_vector(target_vect) - angle_of_vector(curr_vect),
-            about_point=curr_start
         )
-        self.shift(start - curr_start)
+        self.rotate(
+            np.arctan2(curr_vect[2], get_norm(curr_vect[:2])) - np.arctan2(target_vect[2], get_norm(target_vect[:2])),
+            axis=np.array([-target_vect[1], target_vect[0], 0]),
+        )
+        self.shift(start - self.get_start())
         return self
 
     # Color functions
 
-    def set_rgba_array(self, color=None, opacity=None, name="rgbas", recurse=True):
+    def set_rgba_array(self, rgba_array, name="rgbas", recurse=False):
+        for mob in self.get_family(recurse):
+            mob.data[name] = np.array(rgba_array)
+        return self
+
+    def set_color_by_rgba_func(self, func, recurse=True):
+        """
+        Func should take in a point in R3 and output an rgba value
+        """
+        for mob in self.get_family(recurse):
+            rgba_array = [func(point) for point in mob.get_points()]
+            mob.set_rgba_array(rgba_array)
+        return self
+
+    def set_color_by_rgb_func(self, func, opacity=1, recurse=True):
+        """
+        Func should take in a point in R3 and output an rgb value
+        """
+        for mob in self.get_family(recurse):
+            rgba_array = [[*func(point), opacity] for point in mob.get_points()]
+            mob.set_rgba_array(rgba_array)
+        return self
+
+    def set_rgba_array_by_color(self, color=None, opacity=None, name="rgbas", recurse=True):
         if color is not None:
             rgbs = np.array([color_to_rgb(c) for c in listify(color)])
         if opacity is not None:
@@ -870,8 +948,8 @@ class Mobject(object):
         return self
 
     def set_color(self, color, opacity=None, recurse=True):
-        self.set_rgba_array(color, opacity, recurse=False)
-        # Recurse to submobjects differently from how set_rgba_array
+        self.set_rgba_array_by_color(color, opacity, recurse=False)
+        # Recurse to submobjects differently from how set_rgba_array_by_color
         # in case they implement set_color differently
         if recurse:
             for submob in self.submobjects:
@@ -879,7 +957,7 @@ class Mobject(object):
         return self
 
     def set_opacity(self, opacity, recurse=True):
-        self.set_rgba_array(color=None, opacity=opacity, recurse=False)
+        self.set_rgba_array_by_color(color=None, opacity=opacity, recurse=False)
         if recurse:
             for submob in self.submobjects:
                 submob.set_opacity(opacity, recurse=True)
@@ -912,12 +990,12 @@ class Mobject(object):
     def fade(self, darkness=0.5, recurse=True):
         self.set_opacity(1.0 - darkness, recurse=recurse)
 
-    def get_gloss(self):
-        return self.uniforms["gloss"]
+    def get_reflectiveness(self):
+        return self.uniforms["reflectiveness"]
 
-    def set_gloss(self, gloss, recurse=True):
+    def set_reflectiveness(self, reflectiveness, recurse=True):
         for mob in self.get_family(recurse):
-            mob.uniforms["gloss"] = gloss
+            mob.uniforms["reflectiveness"] = reflectiveness
         return self
 
     def get_shadow(self):
@@ -928,6 +1006,14 @@ class Mobject(object):
             mob.uniforms["shadow"] = shadow
         return self
 
+    def get_gloss(self):
+        return self.uniforms["gloss"]
+
+    def set_gloss(self, gloss, recurse=True):
+        for mob in self.get_family(recurse):
+            mob.uniforms["gloss"] = gloss
+        return self
+
     # Background rectangle
 
     def add_background_rectangle(self, color=None, opacity=0.75, **kwargs):
@@ -1039,14 +1125,16 @@ class Mobject(object):
 
     def get_start(self):
         self.throw_error_if_no_points()
-        return np.array(self.get_points()[0])
+        return self.get_points()[0].copy()
 
     def get_end(self):
         self.throw_error_if_no_points()
-        return np.array(self.get_points()[-1])
+        return self.get_points()[-1].copy()
 
     def get_start_and_end(self):
-        return self.get_start(), self.get_end()
+        self.throw_error_if_no_points()
+        points = self.get_points()
+        return (points[0].copy(), points[-1].copy())
 
     def point_from_proportion(self, alpha):
         points = self.get_points()
@@ -1307,11 +1395,13 @@ class Mobject(object):
     @affects_shader_info_id
     def fix_in_frame(self):
         self.uniforms["is_fixed_in_frame"] = 1.0
+        self.is_fixed_in_frame = True
         return self
 
     @affects_shader_info_id
     def unfix_from_frame(self):
         self.uniforms["is_fixed_in_frame"] = 0.0
+        self.is_fixed_in_frame = False
         return self
 
     @affects_shader_info_id
@@ -1412,7 +1502,7 @@ class Mobject(object):
         return result
 
     def check_data_alignment(self, array, data_key):
-        # Makes sure that self.data[key] can be brodcast into
+        # Makes sure that self.data[key] can be broadcast into
         # the given array, meaning its length has to be either 1
         # or the length of the array
         d_len = len(self.data[data_key])
@@ -1554,6 +1644,10 @@ class Group(Mobject):
         Mobject.__init__(self, **kwargs)
         self.add(*mobjects)
 
+    def __add__(self, other: 'Mobject' or 'Group'):
+        assert(isinstance(other, Mobject))
+        return self.add(other)
+
 
 class Point(Mobject):
     CONFIG = {

manimlib/mobject/mobject_update_utils.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def always(method, *args, **kwargs):
 def f_always(method, *arg_generators, **kwargs):
     """
     More functional version of always, where instead
-    of taking in args, it takes in functions which ouput
+    of taking in args, it takes in functions which output
     the relevant arguments.
     """
     assert_is_mobject_method(method)

manimlib/mobject/number_line.py

@@ -5,9 +5,7 @@ from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup
 from manimlib.utils.bezier import interpolate
 from manimlib.utils.config_ops import digest_config
 from manimlib.utils.config_ops import merge_dicts_recursively
-from manimlib.utils.iterables import list_difference_update
 from manimlib.utils.simple_functions import fdiv
-from manimlib.utils.space_ops import normalize
 
 
 class NumberLine(Line):
@@ -84,7 +82,7 @@ class NumberLine(Line):
         ticks = VGroup()
         for x in self.get_tick_range():
             size = self.tick_size
-            if x in self.numbers_with_elongated_ticks:
+            if np.isclose(self.numbers_with_elongated_ticks, x).any():
                 size *= self.longer_tick_multiple
             ticks.add(self.get_tick(x, size))
         self.add(ticks)
@@ -107,11 +105,13 @@ class NumberLine(Line):
         return interpolate(self.get_start(), self.get_end(), alpha)
 
     def point_to_number(self, point):
-        start, end = self.get_start_and_end()
-        unit_vect = normalize(end - start)
+        points = self.get_points()
+        start = points[0]
+        end = points[-1]
+        vect = end - start
         proportion = fdiv(
-            np.dot(point - start, unit_vect),
-            np.dot(end - start, unit_vect),
+            np.dot(point - start, vect),
+            np.dot(end - start, vect),
         )
         return interpolate(self.x_min, self.x_max, proportion)
 
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class NumberLine(Line):
             direction=direction,
             buff=buff
         )
-        if x < 0 and self.line_to_number_direction[0] == 0:
+        if x < 0 and direction[0] == 0:
             # Align without the minus sign
             num_mob.shift(num_mob[0].get_width() * LEFT / 2)
         return num_mob
@@ -155,10 +155,11 @@ class NumberLine(Line):
 
         kwargs["font_size"] = font_size
 
+        if excluding is None:
+            excluding = self.numbers_to_exclude
+
         numbers = VGroup()
         for x in x_values:
-            if x in self.numbers_to_exclude:
-                continue
             if excluding is not None and x in excluding:
                 continue
             numbers.add(self.get_number_mobject(x, **kwargs))

manimlib/mobject/numbers.py

@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@ class DecimalNumber(VMobject):
 
         # Add non-numerical bits
         if self.show_ellipsis:
-            self.add(self.string_to_mob("..."))
+            dots = self.string_to_mob("...")
+            dots.arrange(RIGHT, buff=2 * dots[0].get_width())
+            self.add(dots)
         if self.unit is not None:
             self.unit_sign = self.string_to_mob(self.unit, SingleStringTex)
             self.add(self.unit_sign)
@@ -128,16 +130,15 @@ class DecimalNumber(VMobject):
 
     def set_value(self, number):
         move_to_point = self.get_edge_center(self.edge_to_fix)
-        style = self.get_style()
+        old_submobjects = list(self.submobjects)
         self.set_submobjects_from_number(number)
         self.move_to(move_to_point, self.edge_to_fix)
-        self.set_style(**style)
+        for sm1, sm2 in zip(self.submobjects, old_submobjects):
+            sm1.match_style(sm2)
         return self
 
-    def scale(self, scale_factor, **kwargs):
-        super().scale(scale_factor, **kwargs)
+    def _handle_scale_side_effects(self, scale_factor):
         self.data["font_size"] *= scale_factor
-        return self
 
     def get_value(self):
         return self.number

manimlib/mobject/probability.py

@@ -149,7 +149,9 @@ class BarChart(VGroup):
         "height": 4,
         "width": 6,
         "n_ticks": 4,
+        "include_x_ticks": False,
         "tick_width": 0.2,
+        "tick_height": 0.15,
         "label_y_axis": True,
         "y_axis_label_height": 0.25,
         "max_value": 1,
@@ -165,6 +167,7 @@ class BarChart(VGroup):
         if self.max_value is None:
             self.max_value = max(values)
 
+        self.n_ticks_x = len(values)
         self.add_axes()
         self.add_bars(values)
         self.center()
@@ -172,31 +175,42 @@ class BarChart(VGroup):
     def add_axes(self):
         x_axis = Line(self.tick_width * LEFT / 2, self.width * RIGHT)
         y_axis = Line(MED_LARGE_BUFF * DOWN, self.height * UP)
-        ticks = VGroup()
+        y_ticks = VGroup()
         heights = np.linspace(0, self.height, self.n_ticks + 1)
         values = np.linspace(0, self.max_value, self.n_ticks + 1)
         for y, value in zip(heights, values):
-            tick = Line(LEFT, RIGHT)
-            tick.set_width(self.tick_width)
-            tick.move_to(y * UP)
-            ticks.add(tick)
-        y_axis.add(ticks)
+            y_tick = Line(LEFT, RIGHT)
+            y_tick.set_width(self.tick_width)
+            y_tick.move_to(y * UP)
+            y_ticks.add(y_tick)
+        y_axis.add(y_ticks)
+
+        if self.include_x_ticks == True:
+            x_ticks = VGroup()
+            widths = np.linspace(0, self.width, self.n_ticks_x + 1)
+            label_values = np.linspace(0, len(self.bar_names), self.n_ticks_x + 1)
+            for x, value in zip(widths, label_values):
+                x_tick = Line(UP, DOWN)
+                x_tick.set_height(self.tick_height)
+                x_tick.move_to(x * RIGHT)
+                x_ticks.add(x_tick)
+            x_axis.add(x_ticks)
 
         self.add(x_axis, y_axis)
         self.x_axis, self.y_axis = x_axis, y_axis
 
         if self.label_y_axis:
             labels = VGroup()
-            for tick, value in zip(ticks, values):
+            for y_tick, value in zip(y_ticks, values):
                 label = Tex(str(np.round(value, 2)))
                 label.set_height(self.y_axis_label_height)
-                label.next_to(tick, LEFT, SMALL_BUFF)
+                label.next_to(y_tick, LEFT, SMALL_BUFF)
                 labels.add(label)
             self.y_axis_labels = labels
             self.add(labels)
 
     def add_bars(self, values):
-        buff = float(self.width) / (2 * len(values) + 1)
+        buff = float(self.width) / (2 * len(values))
         bars = VGroup()
         for i, value in enumerate(values):
             bar = Rectangle(
@@ -205,7 +219,7 @@ class BarChart(VGroup):
                 stroke_width=self.bar_stroke_width,
                 fill_opacity=self.bar_fill_opacity,
             )
-            bar.move_to((2 * i + 1) * buff * RIGHT, DOWN + LEFT)
+            bar.move_to((2 * i + 0.5) * buff * RIGHT, DOWN + LEFT * 5)
             bars.add(bar)
         bars.set_color_by_gradient(*self.bar_colors)
 

manimlib/mobject/shape_matchers.py

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class BackgroundRectangle(SurroundingRectangle):
                        fill_opacity=None,
                        family=True
                        ):
-        # Unchangable style, except for fill_opacity
+        # Unchangeable style, except for fill_opacity
         VMobject.set_style_data(
             self,
             stroke_color=BLACK,
@@ -64,16 +64,17 @@ class BackgroundRectangle(SurroundingRectangle):
 class Cross(VGroup):
     CONFIG = {
         "stroke_color": RED,
-        "stroke_width": 6,
+        "stroke_width": [0, 6, 0],
     }
 
     def __init__(self, mobject, **kwargs):
-        VGroup.__init__(self,
-                        Line(UP + LEFT, DOWN + RIGHT),
-                        Line(UP + RIGHT, DOWN + LEFT),
-                        )
+        super().__init__(
+            Line(UL, DR),
+            Line(UR, DL),
+        )
+        self.insert_n_curves(2)
         self.replace(mobject, stretch=True)
-        self.set_stroke(self.stroke_color, self.stroke_width)
+        self.set_stroke(self.stroke_color, width=self.stroke_width)
 
 
 class Underline(Line):

manimlib/mobject/svg/brace.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import numpy as np
 import math
+import copy
 
 from manimlib.animation.composition import AnimationGroup
 from manimlib.constants import *
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@ from manimlib.animation.growing import GrowFromCenter
 from manimlib.mobject.svg.tex_mobject import Tex
 from manimlib.mobject.svg.tex_mobject import SingleStringTex
 from manimlib.mobject.svg.tex_mobject import TexText
+from manimlib.mobject.svg.text_mobject import Text
 from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VMobject
 from manimlib.utils.config_ops import digest_config
 from manimlib.utils.space_ops import get_norm
@@ -61,9 +63,10 @@ class Brace(SingleStringTex):
             mob.shift(self.get_direction() * shift_distance)
         return self
 
-    def get_text(self, *text, **kwargs):
-        text_mob = TexText(*text)
-        self.put_at_tip(text_mob, **kwargs)
+    def get_text(self, text, **kwargs):
+        buff = kwargs.pop("buff", SMALL_BUFF)
+        text_mob = Text(text, **kwargs)
+        self.put_at_tip(text_mob, buff=buff)
         return text_mob
 
     def get_tex(self, *tex, **kwargs):
@@ -86,6 +89,7 @@ class BraceLabel(VMobject):
     CONFIG = {
         "label_constructor": Tex,
         "label_scale": 1,
+        "label_buff": DEFAULT_MOBJECT_TO_MOBJECT_BUFFER  
     }
 
     def __init__(self, obj, text, brace_direction=DOWN, **kwargs):
@@ -102,7 +106,7 @@ class BraceLabel(VMobject):
         if self.label_scale != 1:
             self.label.scale(self.label_scale)
 
-        self.brace.put_at_tip(self.label)
+        self.brace.put_at_tip(self.label, buff=self.label_buff)
         self.set_submobjects([self.brace, self.label])
 
     def creation_anim(self, label_anim=FadeIn, brace_anim=GrowFromCenter):

manimlib/mobject/svg/drawings.py

@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ class Exmark(TexText):
 
 class Lightbulb(SVGMobject):
     CONFIG = {
-        "file_name": "lightbulb",
         "height": 1,
         "stroke_color": YELLOW,
         "stroke_width": 3,
@@ -49,6 +48,10 @@ class Lightbulb(SVGMobject):
         "fill_opacity": 0,
     }
 
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__("lightbulb", **kwargs)
+        self.insert_n_curves(25)
+
 
 class Speedometer(VMobject):
     CONFIG = {
@@ -198,12 +201,11 @@ class Laptop(VGroup):
 
 class VideoIcon(SVGMobject):
     CONFIG = {
-        "file_name": "video_icon",
         "width": FRAME_WIDTH / 12.,
     }
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        SVGMobject.__init__(self, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(file_name="video_icon", **kwargs)
         self.center()
         self.set_width(self.width)
         self.set_stroke(color=WHITE, width=0)

manimlib/mobject/svg/mtex_mobject.py

@@ -0,0 +1,657 @@
+import itertools as it
+import re
+import sys
+from types import MethodType
+
+from manimlib.constants import BLACK
+from manimlib.mobject.svg.svg_mobject import SVGMobject
+from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VMobject
+from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup
+from manimlib.utils.color import color_to_int_rgb
+from manimlib.utils.iterables import adjacent_pairs
+from manimlib.utils.iterables import remove_list_redundancies
+from manimlib.utils.tex_file_writing import tex_to_svg_file
+from manimlib.utils.tex_file_writing import get_tex_config
+from manimlib.utils.tex_file_writing import display_during_execution
+from manimlib.logger import log
+
+
+SCALE_FACTOR_PER_FONT_POINT = 0.001
+
+
+TEX_HASH_TO_MOB_MAP = {}
+
+
+def _contains(span_0, span_1):
+    return span_0[0] <= span_1[0] and span_1[1] <= span_0[1]
+
+
+def _get_neighbouring_pairs(iterable):
+    return list(adjacent_pairs(iterable))[:-1]
+
+
+class _TexSVG(SVGMobject):
+    CONFIG = {
+        "color": BLACK,
+        "height": None,
+        "path_string_config": {
+            "should_subdivide_sharp_curves": True,
+            "should_remove_null_curves": True,
+        },
+    }
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def color_to_label(fill_color):
+        r, g, b = color_to_int_rgb(fill_color)
+        rg = r * 256 + g
+        return rg * 256 + b
+
+    def parse_labels(self):
+        for glyph in self:
+            glyph.glyph_label = _TexSVG.color_to_label(glyph.fill_color)
+        return self
+
+
+class _TexSpan(object):
+    def __init__(self, script_type, label):
+        # `script_type`: 0 for normal, 1 for subscript, 2 for superscript.
+        # Only those spans with `script_type == 0` will be colored.
+        self.script_type = script_type
+        self.label = label
+        self.containing_labels = []
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "_TexSpan(" + ", ".join([
+            attrib_name + "=" + str(getattr(self, attrib_name))
+            for attrib_name in ["script_type", "label", "containing_labels"]
+        ]) + ")"
+
+
+class _TexParser(object):
+    def __init__(self, tex_string, additional_substrings):
+        self.tex_string = tex_string
+        self.tex_spans_dict = {}
+        self.current_label = -1
+        self.brace_index_pairs = self.get_brace_index_pairs()
+        self.existing_color_command_spans = self.get_existing_color_command_spans()
+        self.has_existing_color_commands = any(self.existing_color_command_spans.values())
+        self.specified_substring_spans = []
+        self.add_tex_span((0, len(tex_string)))
+        self.break_up_by_double_braces()
+        self.break_up_by_scripts()
+        self.break_up_by_additional_substrings(additional_substrings)
+        self.specified_substrings = remove_list_redundancies([
+            tex_string[slice(*span_tuple)]
+            for span_tuple in self.specified_substring_spans
+        ])
+        self.check_if_overlap()
+        self.analyse_containing_labels()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def label_to_color_tuple(rgb):
+        # Get a unique color different from black.
+        rg, b = divmod(rgb, 256)
+        r, g = divmod(rg, 256)
+        return r, g, b
+
+    def add_tex_span(self, span_tuple, script_type=0, label=-1):
+        if span_tuple in self.tex_spans_dict:
+            return
+
+        if script_type == 0:
+            # Should be additionally labelled.
+            self.current_label += 1
+            label = self.current_label
+
+        tex_span = _TexSpan(script_type, label)
+        self.tex_spans_dict[span_tuple] = tex_span
+
+    def get_brace_index_pairs(self):
+        result = []
+        left_brace_indices = []
+        for match_obj in re.finditer(r"(\\*)(\{|\})", self.tex_string):
+            # Braces following even numbers of backslashes are counted.
+            if len(match_obj.group(1)) % 2 == 1:
+                continue
+            if match_obj.group(2) == "{":
+                left_brace_index = match_obj.span(2)[0]
+                left_brace_indices.append(left_brace_index)
+            else:
+                left_brace_index = left_brace_indices.pop()
+                right_brace_index = match_obj.span(2)[1]
+                result.append((left_brace_index, right_brace_index))
+        if left_brace_indices:
+            self.raise_tex_parsing_error("unmatched braces")
+        return result
+
+    def get_existing_color_command_spans(self):
+        tex_string = self.tex_string
+        color_related_commands_dict = _TexParser.get_color_related_commands_dict()
+        commands = color_related_commands_dict.keys()
+        result = {
+            command_name: []
+            for command_name in commands
+        }
+        brace_index_pairs = self.brace_index_pairs
+        pattern = "|".join([
+            re.escape(command_name)
+            for command_name in commands
+        ])
+        for match_obj in re.finditer(pattern, tex_string):
+            span_tuple = match_obj.span()
+            command_begin_index = span_tuple[0]
+            command_name = match_obj.group()
+            n_braces = color_related_commands_dict[command_name]
+            for _ in range(n_braces):
+                span_tuple = min(filter(
+                    lambda t: t[0] >= span_tuple[1],
+                    brace_index_pairs
+                ))
+            result[command_name].append(
+                (command_begin_index, span_tuple[1])
+            )
+        return result
+
+    def break_up_by_double_braces(self):
+        # Match paired double braces (`{{...}}`).
+        skip_pair = False
+        for prev_span_tuple, span_tuple in _get_neighbouring_pairs(
+            self.brace_index_pairs
+        ):
+            if skip_pair:
+                skip_pair = False
+                continue
+            if all([
+                span_tuple[0] == prev_span_tuple[0] - 1,
+                span_tuple[1] == prev_span_tuple[1] + 1
+            ]):
+                self.add_tex_span(span_tuple)
+                self.specified_substring_spans.append(span_tuple)
+                skip_pair = True
+
+    def break_up_by_scripts(self):
+        # Match subscripts & superscripts.
+        tex_string = self.tex_string
+        brace_indices_dict = dict(self.brace_index_pairs)
+        for match_obj in re.finditer(r"((?<!\\)(_|\^)\s*)|(\s+(_|\^)\s*)", tex_string):
+            script_type = 1 if "_" in match_obj.group() else 2
+            token_begin, token_end = match_obj.span()
+            if token_end in brace_indices_dict:
+                content_span = (token_end, brace_indices_dict[token_end])
+            else:
+                content_match_obj = re.match(r"\w|\\[a-zA-Z]+", tex_string[token_end:])
+                if not content_match_obj:
+                    self.raise_tex_parsing_error("unclear subscript/superscript")
+                content_span = tuple([
+                    index + token_end for index in content_match_obj.span()
+                ])
+            self.add_tex_span(content_span)
+            label = self.tex_spans_dict[content_span].label
+            self.add_tex_span(
+                (token_begin, content_span[1]),
+                script_type=script_type,
+                label=label
+            )
+
+    def break_up_by_additional_substrings(self, additional_substrings):
+        tex_string = self.tex_string
+        all_span_tuples = []
+        for string in additional_substrings:
+            # Only match non-crossing strings.
+            for match_obj in re.finditer(re.escape(string), tex_string):
+                all_span_tuples.append(match_obj.span())
+
+        script_spans_dict = dict([
+            span_tuple[::-1]
+            for span_tuple, tex_span in self.tex_spans_dict.items()
+            if tex_span.script_type != 0
+        ])
+        for span_begin, span_end in all_span_tuples:
+            if span_end in script_spans_dict.values():
+                # Deconstruct spans with subscripts & superscripts.
+                while span_end in script_spans_dict:
+                    span_end = script_spans_dict[span_end]
+                if span_begin >= span_end:
+                    continue
+            span_tuple = (span_begin, span_end)
+            self.add_tex_span(span_tuple)
+            self.specified_substring_spans.append(span_tuple)
+
+    def check_if_overlap(self):
+        span_tuples = sorted(
+            self.tex_spans_dict.keys(),
+            key=lambda t: (t[0], -t[1])
+        )
+        overlapping_span_pairs = []
+        for i, span_0 in enumerate(span_tuples):
+            for span_1 in span_tuples[i + 1 :]:
+                if span_0[1] <= span_1[0]:
+                    continue
+                if span_0[1] < span_1[1]:
+                    overlapping_span_pairs.append((span_0, span_1))
+        if overlapping_span_pairs:
+            tex_string = self.tex_string
+            log.error("Overlapping substring pairs occur in MTex:")
+            for span_tuple_pair in overlapping_span_pairs:
+                log.error(", ".join(
+                    f"\"{tex_string[slice(*span_tuple)]}\""
+                    for span_tuple in span_tuple_pair
+                ))
+            raise ValueError
+
+    def analyse_containing_labels(self):
+        for span_0, tex_span_0 in self.tex_spans_dict.items():
+            if tex_span_0.script_type != 0:
+                continue
+            for span_1, tex_span_1 in self.tex_spans_dict.items():
+                if _contains(span_1, span_0):
+                    tex_span_1.containing_labels.append(tex_span_0.label)
+
+    def get_labelled_tex_string(self):
+        tex_string = self.tex_string
+        if self.current_label == 0 and not self.has_existing_color_commands:
+            return tex_string
+
+        # Remove the span of extire tex string.
+        indices_with_labels = sorted([
+            (span_tuple[i], i, span_tuple[1 - i], tex_span.label)
+            for span_tuple, tex_span in self.tex_spans_dict.items()
+            if tex_span.script_type == 0
+            for i in range(2)
+        ], key=lambda t: (t[0], -t[1], -t[2]))[1:]
+
+        # Prevent from "\\color[RGB]" being replaced.
+        # Hopefully tex string doesn't contain such a substring...
+        color_command_placeholder = "{{\\iffalse \\fi}}"
+        result = tex_string[: indices_with_labels[0][0]]
+        for index_with_label, next_index_with_label in _get_neighbouring_pairs(
+            indices_with_labels
+        ):
+            index, flag, _, label = index_with_label
+            next_index, *_ = next_index_with_label
+            # Adding one more pair of braces will help maintain the glyghs of tex file...
+            if flag == 0:
+                color_tuple = _TexParser.label_to_color_tuple(label)
+                result += "".join([
+                    "{{",
+                    color_command_placeholder,
+                    "{",
+                    ",".join(map(str, color_tuple)),
+                    "}"
+                ])
+            else:
+                result += "}}"
+            result += tex_string[index : next_index]
+
+        color_related_commands_dict = _TexParser.get_color_related_commands_dict()
+        for command_name, command_spans in self.existing_color_command_spans.items():
+            if not command_spans:
+                continue
+            n_braces = color_related_commands_dict[command_name]
+            command_to_replace = command_name + n_braces * "{black}"
+            commands = {
+                tex_string[slice(*span_tuple)]
+                for span_tuple in command_spans
+            }
+            for command in commands:
+                result = result.replace(command, command_to_replace)
+
+        return result.replace(color_command_placeholder, "\\color[RGB]")
+
+    def raise_tex_parsing_error(self, message):
+        raise ValueError(f"Failed to parse tex ({message}): \"{self.tex_string}\"")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_color_related_commands_dict():
+        # Only list a few commands that are commonly used.
+        return {
+            "\\color": 1,
+            "\\textcolor": 1,
+            "\\pagecolor": 1,
+            "\\colorbox": 1,
+            "\\fcolorbox": 2,
+        }
+
+
+class MTex(VMobject):
+    CONFIG = {
+        "fill_opacity": 1.0,
+        "stroke_width": 0,
+        "font_size": 48,
+        "alignment": "\\centering",
+        "tex_environment": "align*",
+        "isolate": [],
+        "tex_to_color_map": {},
+        "use_plain_tex_file": False,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, tex_string, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        tex_string = tex_string.strip()
+        # Prevent from passing an empty string.
+        if not tex_string:
+            tex_string = "\\quad"
+        self.tex_string = tex_string
+
+        self.generate_mobject()
+
+        self.set_color_by_tex_to_color_map(self.tex_to_color_map)
+        self.scale(SCALE_FACTOR_PER_FONT_POINT * self.font_size)
+
+    def get_additional_substrings_to_break_up(self):
+        result = remove_list_redundancies([
+            *self.tex_to_color_map.keys(), *self.isolate
+        ])
+        if "" in result:
+            result.remove("")
+        return result
+
+    def get_parser(self):
+        return _TexParser(self.tex_string, self.get_additional_substrings_to_break_up())
+
+    def generate_mobject(self):
+        tex_string = self.tex_string
+        tex_parser = self.get_parser()
+        self.tex_spans_dict = tex_parser.tex_spans_dict
+        self.specified_substrings = tex_parser.specified_substrings
+        fill_color = self.get_fill_color()
+
+        # Cannot simultaneously be false, so at least one file is generated.
+        require_labelled_tex_file = tex_parser.current_label != 0
+        require_plain_tex_file = any([
+            self.use_plain_tex_file,
+            tex_parser.has_existing_color_commands,
+            tex_parser.current_label == 0
+        ])
+
+        if require_labelled_tex_file:
+            labelled_full_tex = self.get_tex_file_body(tex_parser.get_labelled_tex_string())
+            labelled_hash_val = hash(labelled_full_tex)
+            if labelled_hash_val in TEX_HASH_TO_MOB_MAP:
+                self.add(*TEX_HASH_TO_MOB_MAP[labelled_hash_val].copy())
+            else:
+                with display_during_execution(f"Writing \"{tex_string}\""):
+                    labelled_svg_glyphs = MTex.get_svg_glyphs(labelled_full_tex)
+                    labelled_svg_glyphs.parse_labels()
+                    self.add(*labelled_svg_glyphs)
+                    self.build_submobjects()
+                    TEX_HASH_TO_MOB_MAP[labelled_hash_val] = self.copy()
+            if not require_plain_tex_file:
+                self.set_fill(color=fill_color)
+                return self
+
+        # require_plain_tex_file == True
+        self.set_submobjects([])
+        full_tex = self.get_tex_file_body(tex_string, fill_color=fill_color)
+        hash_val = hash(full_tex)
+        if hash_val in TEX_HASH_TO_MOB_MAP:
+            self.add(*TEX_HASH_TO_MOB_MAP[hash_val].copy())
+        else:
+            with display_during_execution(f"Writing \"{tex_string}\""):
+                svg_glyphs = MTex.get_svg_glyphs(full_tex)
+                if require_labelled_tex_file:
+                    labelled_svg_mob = TEX_HASH_TO_MOB_MAP[labelled_hash_val]
+                    for glyph, labelled_glyph in zip(svg_glyphs, it.chain(*labelled_svg_mob)):
+                        glyph.glyph_label = labelled_glyph.glyph_label
+                else:
+                    for glyph in svg_glyphs:
+                        glyph.glyph_label = 0
+                self.add(*svg_glyphs)
+                self.build_submobjects()
+                TEX_HASH_TO_MOB_MAP[hash_val] = self.copy()
+        return self
+
+    def get_tex_file_body(self, new_tex, fill_color=None):
+        if self.tex_environment:
+            new_tex = "\n".join([
+                f"\\begin{{{self.tex_environment}}}",
+                new_tex,
+                f"\\end{{{self.tex_environment}}}"
+            ])
+        if self.alignment:
+            new_tex = "\n".join([self.alignment, new_tex])
+        if fill_color:
+            int_rgb = color_to_int_rgb(fill_color)
+            color_command = "".join([
+                "\\color[RGB]",
+                "{",
+                ",".join(map(str, int_rgb)),
+                "}"
+            ])
+            new_tex = "\n".join(
+                [color_command, new_tex]
+            )
+
+        tex_config = get_tex_config()
+        return tex_config["tex_body"].replace(
+            tex_config["text_to_replace"],
+            new_tex
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_svg_glyphs(full_tex):
+        filename = tex_to_svg_file(full_tex)
+        return _TexSVG(filename)
+
+    def build_submobjects(self):
+        if not self.submobjects:
+            return
+        self.init_colors()
+        for glyph in self.submobjects:
+            glyph.set_fill(glyph.fill_color)
+        self.group_submobjects()
+        self.sort_scripts_in_tex_order()
+        self.assign_submob_tex_strings()
+
+    def group_submobjects(self):
+        # Simply pack together adjacent mobjects with the same label.
+        new_submobjects = []
+        def append_new_submobject(glyphs):
+            if glyphs:
+                submobject = VGroup(*glyphs)
+                submobject.submob_label = glyphs[0].glyph_label
+                new_submobjects.append(submobject)
+
+        new_glyphs = []
+        current_glyph_label = 0
+        for glyph in self.submobjects:
+            if glyph.glyph_label == current_glyph_label:
+                new_glyphs.append(glyph)
+            else:
+                append_new_submobject(new_glyphs)
+                new_glyphs = [glyph]
+                current_glyph_label = glyph.glyph_label
+        append_new_submobject(new_glyphs)
+        self.set_submobjects(new_submobjects)
+
+    def sort_scripts_in_tex_order(self):
+        # LaTeX always puts superscripts before subscripts.
+        # This function sorts the submobjects of scripts in the order of tex given.
+        tex_spans_dict = self.tex_spans_dict
+        index_and_span_list = sorted([
+            (index, span_tuple)
+            for span_tuple, tex_span in tex_spans_dict.items()
+            if tex_span.script_type != 0
+            for index in span_tuple
+        ])
+
+        switch_range_pairs = []
+        for index_and_span_0, index_and_span_1 in _get_neighbouring_pairs(
+            index_and_span_list
+        ):
+            index_0, span_tuple_0 = index_and_span_0
+            index_1, span_tuple_1 = index_and_span_1
+            if index_0 != index_1:
+                continue
+            if not all([
+                tex_spans_dict[span_tuple_0].script_type == 1,
+                tex_spans_dict[span_tuple_1].script_type == 2
+            ]):
+                continue
+            submob_range_0 = self.range_of_part(
+                self.get_part_by_span_tuples([span_tuple_0])
+            )
+            submob_range_1 = self.range_of_part(
+                self.get_part_by_span_tuples([span_tuple_1])
+            )
+            switch_range_pairs.append((submob_range_0, submob_range_1))
+
+        switch_range_pairs.sort(key=lambda t: (t[0].stop, -t[0].start))
+        indices = list(range(len(self.submobjects)))
+        for submob_range_0, submob_range_1 in switch_range_pairs:
+            indices = [
+                *indices[: submob_range_1.start],
+                *indices[submob_range_0.start : submob_range_0.stop],
+                *indices[submob_range_1.stop : submob_range_0.start],
+                *indices[submob_range_1.start : submob_range_1.stop],
+                *indices[submob_range_0.stop :]
+            ]
+
+        submobs = self.submobjects
+        self.set_submobjects([submobs[i] for i in indices])
+
+    def assign_submob_tex_strings(self):
+        # Not sure whether this is the best practice...
+        # This temporarily supports `TransformMatchingTex`.
+        tex_string = self.tex_string
+        tex_spans_dict = self.tex_spans_dict
+        # Use tex strings including "_", "^".
+        label_dict = {}
+        for span_tuple, tex_span in tex_spans_dict.items():
+            if tex_span.script_type != 0:
+                label_dict[tex_span.label] = span_tuple
+            else:
+                if tex_span.label not in label_dict:
+                    label_dict[tex_span.label] = span_tuple
+
+        curr_labels = [submob.submob_label for submob in self.submobjects]
+        prev_labels = [curr_labels[-1], *curr_labels[:-1]]
+        next_labels = [*curr_labels[1:], curr_labels[0]]
+        tex_string_spans = []
+        for curr_label, prev_label, next_label in zip(
+            curr_labels, prev_labels, next_labels
+        ):
+            curr_span_tuple = label_dict[curr_label]
+            prev_span_tuple = label_dict[prev_label]
+            next_span_tuple = label_dict[next_label]
+            containing_labels = tex_spans_dict[curr_span_tuple].containing_labels
+            tex_string_spans.append([
+                prev_span_tuple[1] if prev_label in containing_labels else curr_span_tuple[0],
+                next_span_tuple[0] if next_label in containing_labels else curr_span_tuple[1]
+            ])
+        tex_string_spans[0][0] = label_dict[curr_labels[0]][0]
+        tex_string_spans[-1][1] = label_dict[curr_labels[-1]][1]
+        for submob, tex_string_span in zip(self.submobjects, tex_string_spans):
+            submob.tex_string = tex_string[slice(*tex_string_span)]
+            # Support `get_tex()` method here.
+            submob.get_tex = MethodType(lambda inst: inst.tex_string, submob)
+
+    def get_part_by_span_tuples(self, span_tuples):
+        tex_spans_dict = self.tex_spans_dict
+        labels = set(it.chain(*[
+            tex_spans_dict[span_tuple].containing_labels
+            for span_tuple in span_tuples
+        ]))
+        return VGroup(*filter(
+            lambda submob: submob.submob_label in labels,
+            self.submobjects
+        ))
+
+    def find_span_components_of_custom_span(self, custom_span_tuple):
+        tex_string = self.tex_string
+        span_choices = sorted(filter(
+            lambda t: _contains(custom_span_tuple, t),
+            self.tex_spans_dict.keys()
+        ))
+        # Filter out spans that reach the farthest.
+        span_choices_dict = dict(span_choices)
+
+        span_begin, span_end = custom_span_tuple
+        result = []
+        while span_begin != span_end:
+            if span_begin not in span_choices_dict:
+                if tex_string[span_begin].strip():
+                    return None
+                # Whitespaces may occur between spans.
+                span_begin += 1
+                continue
+            next_begin = span_choices_dict[span_begin]
+            result.append((span_begin, next_begin))
+            span_begin = next_begin
+        return result
+
+    def get_part_by_custom_span_tuple(self, custom_span_tuple):
+        span_tuples = self.find_span_components_of_custom_span(custom_span_tuple)
+        if span_tuples is None:
+            tex = self.tex_string[slice(*custom_span_tuple)]
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to get span of tex: \"{tex}\"")
+        return self.get_part_by_span_tuples(span_tuples)
+
+    def get_parts_by_tex(self, tex):
+        return VGroup(*[
+            self.get_part_by_custom_span_tuple(match_obj.span())
+            for match_obj in re.finditer(re.escape(tex), self.tex_string)
+        ])
+
+    def get_part_by_tex(self, tex, index=0):
+        all_parts = self.get_parts_by_tex(tex)
+        return all_parts[index]
+
+    def set_color_by_tex(self, tex, color):
+        self.get_parts_by_tex(tex).set_color(color)
+        return self
+
+    def set_color_by_tex_to_color_map(self, tex_to_color_map):
+        for tex, color in list(tex_to_color_map.items()):
+            try:
+                self.set_color_by_tex(tex, color)
+            except:
+                pass
+        return self
+
+    def indices_of_part(self, part):
+        indices = [
+            i for i, submob in enumerate(self.submobjects)
+            if submob in part
+        ]
+        if not indices:
+            raise ValueError("Failed to find part in tex")
+        return indices
+
+    def indices_of_part_by_tex(self, tex, index=0):
+        part = self.get_part_by_tex(tex, index=index)
+        return self.indices_of_part(part)
+
+    def range_of_part(self, part):
+        indices = self.indices_of_part(part)
+        return range(indices[0], indices[-1] + 1)
+
+    def range_of_part_by_tex(self, tex, index=0):
+        part = self.get_part_by_tex(tex, index=index)
+        return self.range_of_part(part)
+
+    def index_of_part(self, part):
+        return self.indices_of_part(part)[0]
+
+    def index_of_part_by_tex(self, tex, index=0):
+        part = self.get_part_by_tex(tex, index=index)
+        return self.index_of_part(part)
+
+    def get_tex(self):
+        return self.tex_string
+
+    def get_all_isolated_substrings(self):
+        tex_string = self.tex_string
+        return remove_list_redundancies([
+            tex_string[slice(*span_tuple)]
+            for span_tuple in self.tex_spans_dict.keys()
+        ])
+
+    def get_specified_substrings(self):
+        return self.specified_substrings
+
+
+class MTexText(MTex):
+    CONFIG = {
+        "tex_environment": None,
+    }

manimlib/mobject/svg/svg_mobject.py

@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 import itertools as it
 import re
 import string
-import warnings
 import os
 import hashlib
 
-from xml.dom import minidom
+import cssselect2
+from colour import web2hex
+from xml.etree import ElementTree
+from tinycss2 import serialize as css_serialize
+from tinycss2 import parse_stylesheet, parse_declaration_list
 
-from manimlib.constants import DEFAULT_STROKE_WIDTH
-from manimlib.constants import ORIGIN, UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT
-from manimlib.constants import BLACK
-from manimlib.constants import WHITE
+from manimlib.constants import ORIGIN, UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT, IN
+from manimlib.constants import DEGREES, PI
 
+from manimlib.mobject.geometry import Line
 from manimlib.mobject.geometry import Circle
 from manimlib.mobject.geometry import Rectangle
 from manimlib.mobject.geometry import RoundedRectangle
@@ -21,16 +23,78 @@ from manimlib.utils.color import *
 from manimlib.utils.config_ops import digest_config
 from manimlib.utils.directories import get_mobject_data_dir
 from manimlib.utils.images import get_full_vector_image_path
+from manimlib.utils.simple_functions import clip
+from manimlib.logger import log
 
 
-def string_to_numbers(num_string):
-    num_string = num_string.replace("-", ",-")
-    num_string = num_string.replace("e,-", "e-")
-    return [
-        float(s)
-        for s in re.split("[ ,]", num_string)
-        if s != ""
-    ]
+DEFAULT_STYLE = {
+    "fill": "black",
+    "stroke": "none",
+    "fill-opacity": "1",
+    "stroke-opacity": "1",
+    "stroke-width": 0,
+}
+
+
+def cascade_element_style(element, inherited):
+    style = inherited.copy()
+
+    for attr in DEFAULT_STYLE:
+        if element.get(attr):
+            style[attr] = element.get(attr)
+
+    if element.get("style"):
+        declarations = parse_declaration_list(element.get("style"))
+        for declaration in declarations:
+            style[declaration.name] = css_serialize(declaration.value)
+
+    return style
+
+
+def parse_color(color):
+    color = color.strip()
+
+    if color[0:3] == "rgb":
+        splits = color[4:-1].strip().split(",")
+        if splits[0].strip()[-1] == "%":
+            parsed_rgbs = [float(i.strip()[:-1]) / 100.0 for i in splits]
+        else:
+            parsed_rgbs = [int(i) / 255.0 for i in splits]
+        return rgb_to_hex(parsed_rgbs)
+
+    else:
+        return web2hex(color)
+
+
+def fill_default_values(style, default_style):
+    default = DEFAULT_STYLE.copy()
+    default.update(default_style)
+    for attr in default:
+        if attr not in style:
+            style[attr] = default[attr]
+
+
+def parse_style(style, default_style):
+    manim_style = {}
+    fill_default_values(style, default_style)
+
+    manim_style["fill_opacity"] = float(style["fill-opacity"])
+    manim_style["stroke_opacity"] = float(style["stroke-opacity"])
+    manim_style["stroke_width"] = float(style["stroke-width"])
+
+    if style["fill"] == "none":
+        manim_style["fill_opacity"] = 0
+    else:
+        manim_style["fill_color"] = parse_color(style["fill"])
+
+    if style["stroke"] == "none":
+        manim_style["stroke_width"] = 0
+        if "fill_color" in manim_style:
+            manim_style["stroke_color"] = manim_style["fill_color"]
+    else:
+        manim_style["stroke_color"] = parse_color(style["stroke"])
+
+    return manim_style
 
 
 class SVGMobject(VMobject):
@@ -41,8 +105,7 @@ class SVGMobject(VMobject):
         # Must be filled in in a subclass, or when called
         "file_name": None,
         "unpack_groups": True,  # if False, creates a hierarchy of VGroups
-        # TODO, style components should be read in, not defaulted
-        "stroke_width": DEFAULT_STROKE_WIDTH,
+        "stroke_width": 0.0,
         "fill_opacity": 1.0,
         "path_string_config": {}
     }
@@ -65,48 +128,68 @@ class SVGMobject(VMobject):
         if self.width is not None:
             self.set_width(self.width)
 
+    def init_colors(self, override=False):
+        super().init_colors(override=override)
+
     def init_points(self):
-        doc = minidom.parse(self.file_path)
+        etree = ElementTree.parse(self.file_path)
+        wrapper = cssselect2.ElementWrapper.from_xml_root(etree)
+        svg = etree.getroot()
+        namespace = svg.tag.split("}")[0][1:]
         self.ref_to_element = {}
+        self.css_matcher = cssselect2.Matcher()
 
-        for svg in doc.getElementsByTagName("svg"):
-            mobjects = self.get_mobjects_from(svg)
-            if self.unpack_groups:
-                self.add(*mobjects)
-            else:
-                self.add(*mobjects[0].submobjects)
-        doc.unlink()
+        for style in etree.findall(f"{{{namespace}}}style"):
+            self.parse_css_style(style.text)
 
-    def get_mobjects_from(self, element):
-        result = []
-        if not isinstance(element, minidom.Element):
-            return result
-        if element.tagName == 'defs':
-            self.update_ref_to_element(element)
-        elif element.tagName == 'style':
-            pass  # TODO, handle style
-        elif element.tagName in ['g', 'svg', 'symbol']:
-            result += it.chain(*[
-                self.get_mobjects_from(child)
-                for child in element.childNodes
-            ])
-        elif element.tagName == 'path':
-            result.append(self.path_string_to_mobject(
-                element.getAttribute('d')
-            ))
-        elif element.tagName == 'use':
-            result += self.use_to_mobjects(element)
-        elif element.tagName == 'rect':
-            result.append(self.rect_to_mobject(element))
-        elif element.tagName == 'circle':
-            result.append(self.circle_to_mobject(element))
-        elif element.tagName == 'ellipse':
-            result.append(self.ellipse_to_mobject(element))
-        elif element.tagName in ['polygon', 'polyline']:
-            result.append(self.polygon_to_mobject(element))
+        mobjects = self.get_mobjects_from(wrapper, dict())
+        if self.unpack_groups:
+            self.add(*mobjects)
         else:
-            pass  # TODO
-            # warnings.warn("Unknown element type: " + element.tagName)
+            self.add(*mobjects[0].submobjects)
+
+    def get_mobjects_from(self, wrapper, style):
+        result = []
+        element = wrapper.etree_element
+        if not isinstance(element, ElementTree.Element):
+            return result
+
+        matches = self.css_matcher.match(wrapper)
+        if matches:
+            for match in matches:
+                _, _, _, css_style = match
+                style.update(css_style)
+        style = cascade_element_style(element, style)
+
+        tag = element.tag.split("}")[-1]
+        if tag == 'defs':
+            self.update_ref_to_element(wrapper, style)
+        elif tag in ['g', 'svg', 'symbol']:
+            result += it.chain(*(
+                self.get_mobjects_from(child, style)
+                for child in wrapper.iter_children()
+            ))
+        elif tag == 'path':
+            result.append(self.path_string_to_mobject(
+                element.get('d'), style
+            ))
+        elif tag == 'use':
+            result += self.use_to_mobjects(element, style)
+        elif tag == 'line':
+            result.append(self.line_to_mobject(element, style))
+        elif tag == 'rect':
+            result.append(self.rect_to_mobject(element, style))
+        elif tag == 'circle':
+            result.append(self.circle_to_mobject(element, style))
+        elif tag == 'ellipse':
+            result.append(self.ellipse_to_mobject(element, style))
+        elif tag in ['polygon', 'polyline']:
+            result.append(self.polygon_to_mobject(element, style))
+        elif tag == 'style':
+            pass
+        else:
+            log.warning(f"Unsupported element type: {tag}")
+            pass  # TODO, support <text> tag
         result = [m for m in result if m is not None]
         self.handle_transforms(element, VGroup(*result))
         if len(result) > 1 and not self.unpack_groups:
@@ -114,26 +197,51 @@ class SVGMobject(VMobject):
 
         return result
 
-    def g_to_mobjects(self, g_element):
-        mob = VGroup(*self.get_mobjects_from(g_element))
-        self.handle_transforms(g_element, mob)
-        return mob.submobjects
+    def generate_default_style(self):
+        style = {
+            "fill-opacity": self.fill_opacity,
+            "stroke-width": self.stroke_width,
+            "stroke-opacity": self.stroke_opacity,
+        }
+        if self.color:
+            style["fill"] = style["stroke"] = self.color
+        if self.fill_color:
+            style["fill"] = self.fill_color
+        if self.stroke_color:
+            style["stroke"] = self.stroke_color
+        return style
+    
+    def parse_css_style(self, css):
+        rules = parse_stylesheet(css, True, True)
+        for rule in rules:
+            selectors = cssselect2.compile_selector_list(rule.prelude)
+            declarations = parse_declaration_list(rule.content)
+            style = {
+                declaration.name: css_serialize(declaration.value)
+                for declaration in declarations
+                if declaration.name in DEFAULT_STYLE
+            }
+            payload = style
+            for selector in selectors:
+                self.css_matcher.add_selector(selector, payload)
 
-    def path_string_to_mobject(self, path_string):
+    def path_string_to_mobject(self, path_string, style):
         return VMobjectFromSVGPathstring(
             path_string,
             **self.path_string_config,
+            **parse_style(style, self.generate_default_style()),
         )
 
-    def use_to_mobjects(self, use_element):
+    def use_to_mobjects(self, use_element, local_style):
         # Remove initial "#" character
-        ref = use_element.getAttribute("xlink:href")[1:]
+        ref = use_element.get(r"{http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink}href")[1:]
         if ref not in self.ref_to_element:
-            warnings.warn(f"{ref} not recognized")
+            log.warning(f"{ref} not recognized")
             return VGroup()
-        return self.get_mobjects_from(
-            self.ref_to_element[ref]
-        )
+        def_element, def_style = self.ref_to_element[ref]
+        style = local_style.copy()
+        style.update(def_style)
+        return self.get_mobjects_from(def_element, style)
 
     def attribute_to_float(self, attr):
         stripped_attr = "".join([
@@ -142,52 +250,38 @@ class SVGMobject(VMobject):
         ])
         return float(stripped_attr)
 
-    def polygon_to_mobject(self, polygon_element):
-        path_string = polygon_element.getAttribute("points")
+    def polygon_to_mobject(self, polygon_element, style):
+        path_string = polygon_element.get("points")
         for digit in string.digits:
             path_string = path_string.replace(f" {digit}", f"L {digit}")
         path_string = path_string.replace("L", "M", 1)
-        return self.path_string_to_mobject(path_string)
+        return self.path_string_to_mobject(path_string, style)
 
-    def circle_to_mobject(self, circle_element):
-        x, y, r = [
-            self.attribute_to_float(
-                circle_element.getAttribute(key)
-            )
-            if circle_element.hasAttribute(key)
-            else 0.0
+    def circle_to_mobject(self, circle_element, style):
+        x, y, r = (
+            self.attribute_to_float(circle_element.get(key, "0.0"))
             for key in ("cx", "cy", "r")
-        ]
-        return Circle(radius=r).shift(x * RIGHT + y * DOWN)
+        )
+        return Circle(
+            radius=r,
+            **parse_style(style, self.generate_default_style())
+        ).shift(x * RIGHT + y * DOWN)
 
-    def ellipse_to_mobject(self, circle_element):
-        x, y, rx, ry = [
-            self.attribute_to_float(
-                circle_element.getAttribute(key)
-            )
-            if circle_element.hasAttribute(key)
-            else 0.0
+    def ellipse_to_mobject(self, circle_element, style):
+        x, y, rx, ry = (
+            self.attribute_to_float(circle_element.get(key, "0.0"))
             for key in ("cx", "cy", "rx", "ry")
-        ]
-        return Circle().scale(rx * RIGHT + ry * UP).shift(x * RIGHT + y * DOWN)
+        )
+        result = Circle(**parse_style(style, self.generate_default_style()))
+        result.stretch(rx, 0)
+        result.stretch(ry, 1)
+        result.shift(x * RIGHT + y * DOWN)
+        return result
 
-    def rect_to_mobject(self, rect_element):
-        fill_color = rect_element.getAttribute("fill")
-        stroke_color = rect_element.getAttribute("stroke")
-        stroke_width = rect_element.getAttribute("stroke-width")
-        corner_radius = rect_element.getAttribute("rx")
+    def rect_to_mobject(self, rect_element, style):
+        stroke_width = rect_element.get("stroke-width", "")
+        corner_radius = rect_element.get("rx", "")
 
-        # input preprocessing
-        if fill_color in ["", "none", "#FFF", "#FFFFFF"] or Color(fill_color) == Color(WHITE):
-            opacity = 0
-            fill_color = BLACK  # shdn't be necessary but avoids error msgs
-        if fill_color in ["#000", "#000000"]:
-            fill_color = WHITE
-        if stroke_color in ["", "none", "#FFF", "#FFFFFF"] or Color(stroke_color) == Color(WHITE):
-            stroke_width = 0
-            stroke_color = BLACK
-        if stroke_color in ["#000", "#000000"]:
-            stroke_color = WHITE
         if stroke_width in ["", "none", "0"]:
             stroke_width = 0
 
@@ -196,98 +290,131 @@ class SVGMobject(VMobject):
 
         corner_radius = float(corner_radius)
 
+        parsed_style = parse_style(style, self.generate_default_style())
+        parsed_style["stroke_width"] = stroke_width
+
         if corner_radius == 0:
             mob = Rectangle(
                 width=self.attribute_to_float(
-                    rect_element.getAttribute("width")
+                    rect_element.get("width", "")
                 ),
                 height=self.attribute_to_float(
-                    rect_element.getAttribute("height")
+                    rect_element.get("height", "")
                 ),
-                stroke_width=stroke_width,
-                stroke_color=stroke_color,
-                fill_color=fill_color,
-                fill_opacity=opacity
+                **parsed_style,
             )
         else:
             mob = RoundedRectangle(
                 width=self.attribute_to_float(
-                    rect_element.getAttribute("width")
+                    rect_element.get("width", "")
                 ),
                 height=self.attribute_to_float(
-                    rect_element.getAttribute("height")
+                    rect_element.get("height", "")
                 ),
-                stroke_width=stroke_width,
-                stroke_color=stroke_color,
-                fill_color=fill_color,
-                fill_opacity=opacity,
-                corner_radius=corner_radius
+                corner_radius=corner_radius,
+                **parsed_style
             )
 
         mob.shift(mob.get_center() - mob.get_corner(UP + LEFT))
         return mob
+    
+    def line_to_mobject(self, line_element, style):
+        x1, y1, x2, y2 = (
+            self.attribute_to_float(line_element.get(key, "0.0"))
+            for key in ("x1", "y1", "x2", "y2")
+        )
+        return Line(
+            [x1, -y1, 0], [x2, -y2, 0], 
+            **parse_style(style, self.generate_default_style())
+        )
 
     def handle_transforms(self, element, mobject):
-        # TODO, this could use some cleaning...
-        x, y = 0, 0
-        try:
-            x = self.attribute_to_float(element.getAttribute('x'))
-            # Flip y
-            y = -self.attribute_to_float(element.getAttribute('y'))
-            mobject.shift([x, y, 0])
-        except Exception:
-            pass
+        x, y = (
+            self.attribute_to_float(element.get(key, "0.0"))
+            for key in ("x", "y")
+        )
+        mobject.shift(x * RIGHT + y * DOWN)
 
-        transform = element.getAttribute('transform')
+        transform_names = [
+            "matrix",
+            "translate", "translateX", "translateY",
+            "scale", "scaleX", "scaleY",
+            "rotate",
+            "skewX", "skewY"
+        ]
+        transform_pattern = re.compile("|".join([x + r"[^)]*\)" for x in transform_names]))
+        number_pattern = re.compile(r"[-+]?(?:\d+(?:\.\d*)?|\.\d+)(?:[eE][-+]?\d+)?")
+        transforms = transform_pattern.findall(element.get("transform", ""))[::-1]
 
-        try:  # transform matrix
-            prefix = "matrix("
-            suffix = ")"
-            if not transform.startswith(prefix) or not transform.endswith(suffix):
-                raise Exception()
-            transform = transform[len(prefix):-len(suffix)]
-            transform = string_to_numbers(transform)
-            transform = np.array(transform).reshape([3, 2])
-            x = transform[2][0]
-            y = -transform[2][1]
-            matrix = np.identity(self.dim)
-            matrix[:2, :2] = transform[:2, :]
-            matrix[1] *= -1
-            matrix[:, 1] *= -1
+        for transform in transforms:
+            op_name, op_args = transform.split("(")
+            op_name = op_name.strip()
+            op_args = [float(x) for x in number_pattern.findall(op_args)]
 
-            for mob in mobject.family_members_with_points():
-                mob.apply_matrix(matrix.T)
-            mobject.shift(x * RIGHT + y * UP)
-        except:
-            pass
+            if op_name == "matrix":
+                self._handle_matrix_transform(mobject, op_name, op_args)
+            elif op_name.startswith("translate"):
+                self._handle_translate_transform(mobject, op_name, op_args)
+            elif op_name.startswith("scale"):
+                self._handle_scale_transform(mobject, op_name, op_args)
+            elif op_name == "rotate":
+                self._handle_rotate_transform(mobject, op_name, op_args)
+            elif op_name.startswith("skew"):
+                self._handle_skew_transform(mobject, op_name, op_args)
 
-        try:  # transform scale
-            prefix = "scale("
-            suffix = ")"
-            if not transform.startswith(prefix) or not transform.endswith(suffix):
-                raise Exception()
-            transform = transform[len(prefix):-len(suffix)]
-            scale_values = string_to_numbers(transform)
-            if len(scale_values) == 2:
-                scale_x, scale_y = scale_values
-                mobject.scale(np.array([scale_x, scale_y, 1]), about_point=ORIGIN)
-            elif len(scale_values) == 1:
-                scale = scale_values[0]
-                mobject.scale(np.array([scale, scale, 1]), about_point=ORIGIN)
-        except:
-            pass
+    def _handle_matrix_transform(self, mobject, op_name, op_args):
+        transform = np.array(op_args).reshape([3, 2])
+        x = transform[2][0]
+        y = -transform[2][1]
+        matrix = np.identity(self.dim)
+        matrix[:2, :2] = transform[:2, :]
+        matrix[1] *= -1
+        matrix[:, 1] *= -1
+        for mob in mobject.family_members_with_points():
+            mob.apply_matrix(matrix.T)
+        mobject.shift(x * RIGHT + y * UP)
 
-        try:  # transform translate
-            prefix = "translate("
-            suffix = ")"
-            if not transform.startswith(prefix) or not transform.endswith(suffix):
-                raise Exception()
-            transform = transform[len(prefix):-len(suffix)]
-            x, y = string_to_numbers(transform)
-            mobject.shift(x * RIGHT + y * DOWN)
-        except:
-            pass
-        # TODO, ...
+    def _handle_translate_transform(self, mobject, op_name, op_args):
+        if op_name.endswith("X"):
+            x, y = op_args[0], 0
+        elif op_name.endswith("Y"):
+            x, y = 0, op_args[0]
+        else:
+            x, y = op_args
+        mobject.shift(x * RIGHT + y * DOWN)
+
+    def _handle_scale_transform(self, mobject, op_name, op_args):
+        if op_name.endswith("X"):
+            sx, sy = op_args[0], 1
+        elif op_name.endswith("Y"):
+            sx, sy = 1, op_args[0]
+        elif len(op_args) == 2:
+            sx, sy = op_args
+        else:
+            sx = sy = op_args[0]
+        if sx < 0:
+            mobject.flip(UP)
+            sx = -sx
+        if sy < 0:
+            mobject.flip(RIGHT)
+            sy = -sy
+        mobject.scale(np.array([sx, sy, 1]), about_point=ORIGIN)
+
+    def _handle_rotate_transform(self, mobject, op_name, op_args):
+        if len(op_args) == 1:
+            mobject.rotate(op_args[0] * DEGREES, axis=IN, about_point=ORIGIN)
+        else:
+            deg, x, y = op_args
+            mobject.rotate(deg * DEGREES, axis=IN, about_point=np.array([x, y, 0]))
+
+    def _handle_skew_transform(self, mobject, op_name, op_args):
+        rad = op_args[0] * DEGREES
+        if op_name == "skewX":
+            tana = np.tan(rad)
+            self._handle_matrix_transform(mobject, None, [1., 0., tana, 1., 0., 0.])
+        elif op_name == "skewY":
+            tana = np.tan(rad)
+            self._handle_matrix_transform(mobject, None, [1., tana, 0., 1., 0., 0.])
 
     def flatten(self, input_list):
         output_list = []
@@ -298,24 +425,28 @@ class SVGMobject(VMobject):
                 output_list.append(i)
         return output_list
 
-    def get_all_childNodes_have_id(self, element):
-        all_childNodes_have_id = []
-        if not isinstance(element, minidom.Element):
+    def get_all_childWrappers_have_id(self, wrapper):
+        all_childWrappers_have_id = []
+        element = wrapper.etree_element
+        if not isinstance(element, ElementTree.Element):
             return
-        if element.hasAttribute('id'):
-            return [element]
-        for e in element.childNodes:
-            all_childNodes_have_id.append(self.get_all_childNodes_have_id(e))
-        return self.flatten([e for e in all_childNodes_have_id if e])
+        if element.get('id'):
+            return [wrapper]
+        for e in wrapper.iter_children():
+            all_childWrappers_have_id.append(self.get_all_childWrappers_have_id(e))
+        return self.flatten([e for e in all_childWrappers_have_id if e])
 
-    def update_ref_to_element(self, defs):
-        new_refs = dict([(e.getAttribute('id'), e) for e in self.get_all_childNodes_have_id(defs)])
+    def update_ref_to_element(self, wrapper, style):
+        new_refs = {
+            e.etree_element.get('id', ''): (e, style)
+            for e in self.get_all_childWrappers_have_id(wrapper)
+        }
         self.ref_to_element.update(new_refs)
 
 
 class VMobjectFromSVGPathstring(VMobject):
     CONFIG = {
-        "long_lines": True,
+        "long_lines": False,
         "should_subdivide_sharp_curves": False,
         "should_remove_null_curves": False,
     }
@@ -335,11 +466,10 @@ class VMobjectFromSVGPathstring(VMobject):
 
         if os.path.exists(points_filepath) and os.path.exists(tris_filepath):
             self.set_points(np.load(points_filepath))
+            self.triangulation = np.load(tris_filepath)
+            self.needs_new_triangulation = False
         else:
-            self.relative_point = np.array(ORIGIN)
-            for command, coord_string in self.get_commands_and_coord_strings():
-                new_points = self.string_to_points(command, coord_string)
-                self.handle_command(command, new_points)
+            self.handle_commands()
             if self.should_subdivide_sharp_curves:
                 # For a healthy triangulation later
                 self.subdivide_sharp_curves()
@@ -350,6 +480,7 @@ class VMobjectFromSVGPathstring(VMobject):
             self.stretch(-1, 1, about_point=ORIGIN)
             # Save to a file for future use
             np.save(points_filepath, self.get_points())
+            np.save(tris_filepath, self.get_triangulation())
 
     def get_commands_and_coord_strings(self):
         all_commands = list(self.get_command_to_function_map().keys())
@@ -360,43 +491,145 @@ class VMobjectFromSVGPathstring(VMobject):
             re.split(pattern, self.path_string)[1:]
         )
 
-    def handle_command(self, command, new_points):
-        if command.islower():
-            # Treat it as a relative command
-            new_points += self.relative_point
+    def handle_commands(self):
+        relative_point = ORIGIN
+        for command, coord_string in self.get_commands_and_coord_strings():
+            func, number_types_str = self.command_to_function(command)
+            upper_command = command.upper()
+            if upper_command == "Z":
+                func()  # `close_path` takes no arguments
+                relative_point = self.get_last_point()
+                continue
 
-        func, n_points = self.command_to_function(command)
-        func(*new_points[:n_points])
-        leftover_points = new_points[n_points:]
+            number_types = np.array(list(number_types_str))
+            n_numbers = len(number_types_str)
+            number_list = _PathStringParser(coord_string, number_types_str).args
+            number_groups = np.array(number_list).reshape((-1, n_numbers))
 
-        # Recursively handle the rest of the points
-        if len(leftover_points) > 0:
-            if command.upper() == "M":
-                # Treat following points as relative line coordinates
-                command = "l"
-            if command.islower():
-                leftover_points -= self.relative_point
-                self.relative_point = self.get_last_point()
-            self.handle_command(command, leftover_points)
-        else:
-            # Command is over, reset for future relative commands
-            self.relative_point = self.get_last_point()
+            for ind, numbers in enumerate(number_groups):
+                if command.islower():
+                    # Treat it as a relative command
+                    numbers[number_types == "x"] += relative_point[0]
+                    numbers[number_types == "y"] += relative_point[1]
 
-    def string_to_points(self, command, coord_string):
-        numbers = string_to_numbers(coord_string)
-        if command.upper() in ["H", "V"]:
-            i = {"H": 0, "V": 1}[command.upper()]
-            xy = np.zeros((len(numbers), 2))
-            xy[:, i] = numbers
-            if command.isupper():
-                xy[:, 1 - i] = self.relative_point[1 - i]
-        elif command.upper() == "A":
-            raise Exception("Not implemented")
-        else:
-            xy = np.array(numbers).reshape((len(numbers) // 2, 2))
-        result = np.zeros((xy.shape[0], self.dim))
-        result[:, :2] = xy
-        return result
+                if upper_command == "A":
+                    args = [*numbers[:5], np.array([*numbers[5:7], 0.0])]
+                elif upper_command == "H":
+                    args = [np.array([numbers[0], relative_point[1], 0.0])]
+                elif upper_command == "V":
+                    args = [np.array([relative_point[0], numbers[0], 0.0])]
+                else:
+                    args = list(np.hstack((
+                        numbers.reshape((-1, 2)), np.zeros((n_numbers // 2, 1))
+                    )))
+                if upper_command == "M" and ind != 0:
+                    # M x1 y1 x2 y2  is equal to  M x1 y1 L x2 y2
+                    func, _ = self.command_to_function("L")
+                func(*args)
+                relative_point = self.get_last_point()
+
+    def add_elliptical_arc_to(self, rx, ry, x_axis_rotation, large_arc_flag, sweep_flag, point):
+        def close_to_zero(a, threshold=1e-5):
+            return abs(a) < threshold
+
+        def solve_2d_linear_equation(a, b, c):
+            """
+            Using Crammer's rule to solve the linear equation `[a b]x = c`
+            where `a`, `b` and `c` are all 2d vectors.
+            """
+            def det(a, b):
+                return a[0] * b[1] - a[1] * b[0]
+            d = det(a, b)
+            if close_to_zero(d):
+                raise Exception("Cannot handle 0 determinant.")
+            return [det(c, b) / d, det(a, c) / d]
+
+        def get_arc_center_and_angles(x0, y0, rx, ry, phi, large_arc_flag, sweep_flag, x1, y1):
+            """
+            The parameter functions of an ellipse rotated `phi` radians counterclockwise is (on `alpha`):
+                x = cx + rx * cos(alpha) * cos(phi) + ry * sin(alpha) * sin(phi),
+                y = cy + rx * cos(alpha) * sin(phi) - ry * sin(alpha) * cos(phi).
+            Now we have two points sitting on the ellipse: `(x0, y0)`, `(x1, y1)`, corresponding to 4 equations,
+            and we want to hunt for 4 variables: `cx`, `cy`, `alpha0` and `alpha_1`.
+            Let `d_alpha = alpha1 - alpha0`, then:
+            if `sweep_flag = 0` and `large_arc_flag = 1`, then `PI <= d_alpha < 2 * PI`;
+            if `sweep_flag = 0` and `large_arc_flag = 0`, then `0 < d_alpha <= PI`;
+            if `sweep_flag = 1` and `large_arc_flag = 0`, then `-PI <= d_alpha < 0`;
+            if `sweep_flag = 1` and `large_arc_flag = 1`, then `-2 * PI < d_alpha <= -PI`.
+            """
+            xd = x1 - x0
+            yd = y1 - y0
+            if close_to_zero(xd) and close_to_zero(yd):
+                raise Exception("Cannot find arc center since the start point and the end point meet.")
+            # Find `p = cos(alpha1) - cos(alpha0)`, `q = sin(alpha1) - sin(alpha0)`
+            eq0 = [rx * np.cos(phi), ry * np.sin(phi), xd]
+            eq1 = [rx * np.sin(phi), -ry * np.cos(phi), yd]
+            p, q = solve_2d_linear_equation(*zip(eq0, eq1))
+            # Find `s = (alpha1 - alpha0) / 2`, `t = (alpha1 + alpha0) / 2`
+            # If `sin(s) = 0`, this requires `p = q = 0`,
+            # implying `xd = yd = 0`, which is impossible.
+            sin_s = (p ** 2 + q ** 2) ** 0.5 / 2
+            if sweep_flag:
+                sin_s = -sin_s
+            sin_s = clip(sin_s, -1, 1)
+            s = np.arcsin(sin_s)
+            if large_arc_flag:
+                if not sweep_flag:
+                    s = PI - s
+                else:
+                    s = -PI - s
+            sin_t = -p / (2 * sin_s)
+            cos_t = q / (2 * sin_s)
+            cos_t = clip(cos_t, -1, 1)
+            t = np.arccos(cos_t)
+            if sin_t <= 0:
+                t = -t
+            # We can make sure `0 < abs(s) < PI`, `-PI <= t < PI`.
+            alpha0 = t - s
+            alpha_1 = t + s
+            cx = x0 - rx * np.cos(alpha0) * np.cos(phi) - ry * np.sin(alpha0) * np.sin(phi)
+            cy = y0 - rx * np.cos(alpha0) * np.sin(phi) + ry * np.sin(alpha0) * np.cos(phi)
+            return cx, cy, alpha0, alpha_1
+
+        def get_point_on_ellipse(cx, cy, rx, ry, phi, angle):
+            return np.array([
+                cx + rx * np.cos(angle) * np.cos(phi) + ry * np.sin(angle) * np.sin(phi),
+                cy + rx * np.cos(angle) * np.sin(phi) - ry * np.sin(angle) * np.cos(phi),
+                0
+            ])
+
+        def convert_elliptical_arc_to_quadratic_bezier_curve(
+            cx, cy, rx, ry, phi, start_angle, end_angle, n_components=8
+        ):
+            theta = (end_angle - start_angle) / n_components / 2
+            handles = np.array([
+                get_point_on_ellipse(cx, cy, rx / np.cos(theta), ry / np.cos(theta), phi, a)
+                for a in np.linspace(
+                    start_angle + theta,
+                    end_angle - theta,
+                    n_components,
+                )
+            ])
+            anchors = np.array([
+                get_point_on_ellipse(cx, cy, rx, ry, phi, a)
+                for a in np.linspace(
+                    start_angle + theta * 2,
+                    end_angle,
+                    n_components,
+                )
+            ])
+            return handles, anchors
+
+        phi = x_axis_rotation * DEGREES
+        x0, y0 = self.get_last_point()[:2]
+        cx, cy, start_angle, end_angle = get_arc_center_and_angles(
+            x0, y0, rx, ry, phi, large_arc_flag, sweep_flag, point[0], point[1]
+        )
+        handles, anchors = convert_elliptical_arc_to_quadratic_bezier_curve(
+            cx, cy, rx, ry, phi, start_angle, end_angle
+        )
+        for handle, anchor in zip(handles, anchors):
+            self.add_quadratic_bezier_curve_to(handle, anchor)
 
     def command_to_function(self, command):
         return self.get_command_to_function_map()[command.upper()]
@@ -404,20 +637,78 @@ class VMobjectFromSVGPathstring(VMobject):
     def get_command_to_function_map(self):
         """
         Associates svg command to VMobject function, and
-        the number of arguments it takes in
+        the types of arguments it takes in
         """
         return {
-            "M": (self.start_new_path, 1),
-            "L": (self.add_line_to, 1),
-            "H": (self.add_line_to, 1),
-            "V": (self.add_line_to, 1),
-            "C": (self.add_cubic_bezier_curve_to, 3),
-            "S": (self.add_smooth_cubic_curve_to, 2),
-            "Q": (self.add_quadratic_bezier_curve_to, 2),
-            "T": (self.add_smooth_curve_to, 1),
-            "A": (self.add_quadratic_bezier_curve_to, 2),  # TODO
-            "Z": (self.close_path, 0),
+            "M": (self.start_new_path, "xy"),
+            "L": (self.add_line_to, "xy"),
+            "H": (self.add_line_to, "x"),
+            "V": (self.add_line_to, "y"),
+            "C": (self.add_cubic_bezier_curve_to, "xyxyxy"),
+            "S": (self.add_smooth_cubic_curve_to, "xyxy"),
+            "Q": (self.add_quadratic_bezier_curve_to, "xyxy"),
+            "T": (self.add_smooth_curve_to, "xy"),
+            "A": (self.add_elliptical_arc_to, "uuaffxy"),
+            "Z": (self.close_path, ""),
         }
 
     def get_original_path_string(self):
         return self.path_string
+
+
+class InvalidPathError(ValueError):
+    pass
+
+
+class _PathStringParser:
+    # modified from https://github.com/regebro/svg.path/
+    def __init__(self, arguments, rules):
+        self.args = []
+        arguments = bytearray(arguments, "ascii")
+        self._strip_array(arguments)
+        while arguments:
+            for rule in rules:
+                self._rule_to_function_map[rule](arguments)
+
+    @property
+    def _rule_to_function_map(self):
+        return {
+            "x": self._get_number,
+            "y": self._get_number,
+            "a": self._get_number,
+            "u": self._get_unsigned_number,
+            "f": self._get_flag,
+        }
+
+    def _strip_array(self, arg_array):
+        # wsp: (0x9, 0x20, 0xA, 0xC, 0xD) with comma 0x2C
+        # https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html#PathDataBNF
+        while arg_array and arg_array[0] in [0x9, 0x20, 0xA, 0xC, 0xD, 0x2C]:
+            arg_array[0:1] = b""
+
+    def _get_number(self, arg_array):
+        pattern = re.compile(rb"^[-+]?(?:\d+(?:\.\d*)?|\.\d+)(?:[eE][-+]?\d+)?")
+        res = pattern.search(arg_array)
+        if not res:
+            raise InvalidPathError(f"Expected a number, got '{arg_array}'")
+        number = float(res.group())
+        self.args.append(number)
+        arg_array[res.start():res.end()] = b""
+        self._strip_array(arg_array)
+        return number
+
+    def _get_unsigned_number(self, arg_array):
+        number = self._get_number(arg_array)
+        if number < 0:
+            raise InvalidPathError(f"Expected an unsigned number, got '{number}'")
+        return number
+
+    def _get_flag(self, arg_array):
+        flag = arg_array[0]
+        if flag != 48 and flag != 49:
+            raise InvalidPathError(f"Expected a flag (0/1), got '{chr(flag)}'")
+        flag -= 48
+        self.args.append(flag)
+        arg_array[0:1] = b""
+        self._strip_array(arg_array)
+        return flag

manimlib/mobject/svg/tex_mobject.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from functools import reduce
 import operator as op
 import re
-import itertools as it
 
 from manimlib.constants import *
 from manimlib.mobject.geometry import Line
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ from manimlib.utils.tex_file_writing import display_during_execution
 SCALE_FACTOR_PER_FONT_POINT = 0.001
 
 
-tex_string_to_mob_map = {}
+tex_string_with_color_to_mob_map = {}
 
 
 class SingleStringTex(VMobject):
@@ -36,24 +35,26 @@ class SingleStringTex(VMobject):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
         assert(isinstance(tex_string, str))
         self.tex_string = tex_string
-        if tex_string not in tex_string_to_mob_map:
+        if tex_string not in tex_string_with_color_to_mob_map:
             with display_during_execution(f" Writing \"{tex_string}\""):
                 full_tex = self.get_tex_file_body(tex_string)
                 filename = tex_to_svg_file(full_tex)
                 svg_mob = SVGMobject(
                     filename,
                     height=None,
+                    color=self.color,
+                    stroke_width=self.stroke_width,
                     path_string_config={
                         "should_subdivide_sharp_curves": True,
                         "should_remove_null_curves": True,
                     }
                 )
-                tex_string_to_mob_map[tex_string] = svg_mob
+                tex_string_with_color_to_mob_map[(self.color, tex_string)] = svg_mob
         self.add(*(
             sm.copy()
-            for sm in tex_string_to_mob_map[tex_string]
+            for sm in tex_string_with_color_to_mob_map[(self.color, tex_string)]
         ))
-        self.init_colors()
+        self.init_colors(override=False)
 
         if self.height is None:
             self.scale(SCALE_FACTOR_PER_FONT_POINT * self.font_size)
@@ -65,6 +66,8 @@ class SingleStringTex(VMobject):
         if self.math_mode:
             new_tex = "\\begin{align*}\n" + new_tex + "\n\\end{align*}"
 
+        new_tex = self.alignment + "\n" + new_tex
+
         tex_config = get_tex_config()
         return tex_config["tex_body"].replace(
             tex_config["text_to_replace"],
@@ -72,10 +75,7 @@ class SingleStringTex(VMobject):
         )
 
     def get_modified_expression(self, tex_string):
-        result = self.alignment + " " + tex_string
-        result = result.strip()
-        result = self.modify_special_strings(result)
-        return result
+        return self.modify_special_strings(tex_string.strip())
 
     def modify_special_strings(self, tex):
         tex = tex.strip()
@@ -131,15 +131,18 @@ class SingleStringTex(VMobject):
 
     def balance_braces(self, tex):
         """
-        Makes Tex resiliant to unmatched { at start
+        Makes Tex resiliant to unmatched braces
         """
-        num_lefts, num_rights = [tex.count(char) for char in "{}"]
-        while num_rights > num_lefts:
-            tex = "{" + tex
-            num_lefts += 1
-        while num_lefts > num_rights:
-            tex = tex + "}"
-            num_rights += 1
+        num_unclosed_brackets = 0
+        for char in tex:
+            if char == "{":
+                num_unclosed_brackets += 1
+            elif char == "}":
+                if num_unclosed_brackets == 0:
+                    tex = "{" + tex
+                else:
+                    num_unclosed_brackets -= 1
+        tex += num_unclosed_brackets * "}"
         return tex
 
     def get_tex(self):
@@ -152,10 +155,7 @@ class SingleStringTex(VMobject):
 
 class Tex(SingleStringTex):
     CONFIG = {
-        "arg_separator": " ",
-        # Note, use of isolate is largely rendered
-        # moot by the fact that you can surround such strings in
-        # {{ and }} as needed.
+        "arg_separator": "",
         "isolate": [],
         "tex_to_color_map": {},
     }
@@ -172,18 +172,22 @@ class Tex(SingleStringTex):
             self.organize_submobjects_left_to_right()
 
     def break_up_tex_strings(self, tex_strings):
-        # Separate out anything surrounded in double braces
-        patterns = ["{{", "}}"]
         # Separate out any strings specified in the isolate
         # or tex_to_color_map lists.
-        patterns.extend([
+        substrings_to_isolate = [*self.isolate, *self.tex_to_color_map.keys()]
+        if len(substrings_to_isolate) == 0:
+            return tex_strings
+        patterns = (
             "({})".format(re.escape(ss))
-            for ss in it.chain(self.isolate, self.tex_to_color_map.keys())
-        ])
+            for ss in substrings_to_isolate
+        )
         pattern = "|".join(patterns)
         pieces = []
         for s in tex_strings:
-            pieces.extend(re.split(pattern, s))
+            if pattern:
+                pieces.extend(re.split(pattern, s))
+            else:
+                pieces.append(s)
         return list(filter(lambda s: s, pieces))
 
     def break_up_by_substrings(self):

manimlib/mobject/svg/text_mobject.py

@@ -1,22 +1,30 @@
-import copy
 import hashlib
 import os
 import re
+import io
 import typing
+import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+import functools
+import pygments
+import pygments.lexers
+import pygments.styles
+
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import manimpango
+from manimlib.logger import log
 from manimlib.constants import *
 from manimlib.mobject.geometry import Dot
 from manimlib.mobject.svg.svg_mobject import SVGMobject
+from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup
 from manimlib.utils.config_ops import digest_config
 from manimlib.utils.customization import get_customization
 from manimlib.utils.directories import get_downloads_dir, get_text_dir
-from manimpango import PangoUtils
-from manimpango import TextSetting
+from manimpango import PangoUtils, TextSetting, MarkupUtils
 
-TEXT_MOB_SCALE_FACTOR = 0.001048
+TEXT_MOB_SCALE_FACTOR = 0.0076
+DEFAULT_LINE_SPACING_SCALE = 0.6
 
 
 class Text(SVGMobject):
@@ -29,7 +37,7 @@ class Text(SVGMobject):
         "font": '',
         "gradient": None,
         "lsh": -1,
-        "size": 1,
+        "size": None,
         "font_size": 48,
         "tab_width": 4,
         "slant": NORMAL,
@@ -42,10 +50,19 @@ class Text(SVGMobject):
         "disable_ligatures": True,
     }
 
-    def __init__(self, text, **config):
-        self.full2short(config)
-        digest_config(self, config)
-        self.lsh = self.size if self.lsh == -1 else self.lsh
+    def __init__(self, text, **kwargs):
+        self.full2short(kwargs)
+        digest_config(self, kwargs)
+        if self.size:
+            log.warning(
+                "`self.size` has been deprecated and will "
+                "be removed in future.",
+            )
+            self.font_size = self.size
+        if self.lsh == -1:
+            self.lsh = self.font_size + self.font_size * DEFAULT_LINE_SPACING_SCALE
+        else:
+            self.lsh = self.font_size + self.font_size * self.lsh
         text_without_tabs = text
         if text.find('\t') != -1:
             text_without_tabs = text.replace('\t', ' ' * self.tab_width)
@@ -53,7 +70,7 @@ class Text(SVGMobject):
         file_name = self.text2svg()
         PangoUtils.remove_last_M(file_name)
         self.remove_empty_path(file_name)
-        SVGMobject.__init__(self, file_name, **config)
+        SVGMobject.__init__(self, file_name, **kwargs)
         self.text = text
         if self.disable_ligatures:
             self.apply_space_chars()
@@ -66,7 +83,10 @@ class Text(SVGMobject):
 
         # anti-aliasing
         if self.height is None:
-            self.scale(TEXT_MOB_SCALE_FACTOR * self.font_size)
+            self.scale(TEXT_MOB_SCALE_FACTOR)
+
+    def init_colors(self, override=True):
+        super().init_colors(override=override)
 
     def remove_empty_path(self, file_name):
         with open(file_name, 'r') as fpr:
@@ -100,6 +120,19 @@ class Text(SVGMobject):
             index = self.text.find(word, index + len(word))
         return indexes
 
+    def get_parts_by_text(self, word):
+        return VGroup(*(
+            self[i:j]
+            for i, j in self.find_indexes(word)
+        ))
+
+    def get_part_by_text(self, word):
+        parts = self.get_parts_by_text(word)
+        if len(parts) > 0:
+            return parts[0]
+        else:
+            return None
+
     def full2short(self, config):
         for kwargs in [config, self.CONFIG]:
             if kwargs.__contains__('line_spacing_height'):
@@ -117,75 +150,88 @@ class Text(SVGMobject):
 
     def set_color_by_t2c(self, t2c=None):
         t2c = t2c if t2c else self.t2c
-        for word, color in list(t2c.items()):
+        for word, color in t2c.items():
             for start, end in self.find_indexes(word):
                 self[start:end].set_color(color)
 
     def set_color_by_t2g(self, t2g=None):
         t2g = t2g if t2g else self.t2g
-        for word, gradient in list(t2g.items()):
+        for word, gradient in t2g.items():
             for start, end in self.find_indexes(word):
                 self[start:end].set_color_by_gradient(*gradient)
 
     def text2hash(self):
         settings = self.font + self.slant + self.weight
         settings += str(self.t2f) + str(self.t2s) + str(self.t2w)
-        settings += str(self.lsh) + str(self.size)
+        settings += str(self.lsh) + str(self.font_size)
         id_str = self.text + settings
         hasher = hashlib.sha256()
         hasher.update(id_str.encode())
         return hasher.hexdigest()[:16]
 
     def text2settings(self):
+        """
+        Substrings specified in t2f, t2s, t2w can occupy each other.
+        For each category of style, a stack following first-in-last-out is constructed,
+        and the last value in each stack takes effect.
+        """
         settings = []
-        t2x = [self.t2f, self.t2s, self.t2w]
-        for i in range(len(t2x)):
-            fsw = [self.font, self.slant, self.weight]
-            if t2x[i]:
-                for word, x in list(t2x[i].items()):
-                    for start, end in self.find_indexes(word):
-                        fsw[i] = x
-                        settings.append(TextSetting(start, end, *fsw))
+        self.line_num = 0
+        def add_text_settings(start, end, style_stacks):
+            if start == end:
+                return
+            breakdown_indices = [start, *[
+                i + start + 1 for i, char in enumerate(self.text[start:end]) if char == "\n"
+            ], end]
+            style = [stack[-1] for stack in style_stacks]
+            for atom_start, atom_end in zip(breakdown_indices[:-1], breakdown_indices[1:]):
+                if atom_start < atom_end:
+                    settings.append(TextSetting(atom_start, atom_end, *style, self.line_num))
+                self.line_num += 1
+            self.line_num -= 1
 
-        # Set All text settings(default font slant weight)
-        fsw = [self.font, self.slant, self.weight]
-        settings.sort(key=lambda setting: setting.start)
-        temp_settings = settings.copy()
-        start = 0
-        for setting in settings:
-            if setting.start != start:
-                temp_settings.append(TextSetting(start, setting.start, *fsw))
-            start = setting.end
-        if start != len(self.text):
-            temp_settings.append(TextSetting(start, len(self.text), *fsw))
-        settings = sorted(temp_settings, key=lambda setting: setting.start)
+        # Set all the default and specified values.
+        len_text = len(self.text)
+        t2x_items = sorted([
+            *[
+                (0, len_text, t2x_index, value)
+                for t2x_index, value in enumerate([self.font, self.slant, self.weight])
+            ],
+            *[
+                (start, end, t2x_index, value)
+                for t2x_index, t2x in enumerate([self.t2f, self.t2s, self.t2w])
+                for word, value in t2x.items()
+                for start, end in self.find_indexes(word)
+            ]
+        ], key=lambda item: item[0])
 
-        if re.search(r'\n', self.text):
-            line_num = 0
-            for start, end in self.find_indexes('\n'):
-                for setting in settings:
-                    if setting.line_num == -1:
-                        setting.line_num = line_num
-                    if start < setting.end:
-                        line_num += 1
-                        new_setting = copy.copy(setting)
-                        setting.end = end
-                        new_setting.start = end
-                        new_setting.line_num = line_num
-                        settings.append(new_setting)
-                        settings.sort(key=lambda setting: setting.start)
-                        break
-
-        for setting in settings:
-            if setting.line_num == -1:
-                setting.line_num = 0
+        # Break down ranges and construct settings separately.
+        active_items = []
+        style_stacks = [[] for _ in range(3)]
+        for item, next_start in zip(t2x_items, [*[item[0] for item in t2x_items[1:]], len_text]):
+            active_items.append(item)
+            start, end, t2x_index, value = item
+            style_stacks[t2x_index].append(value)
+            halting_items = sorted(filter(
+                lambda item: item[1] <= next_start,
+                active_items
+            ), key=lambda item: item[1])
+            atom_start = start
+            for halting_item in halting_items:
+                active_items.remove(halting_item)
+                _, atom_end, t2x_index, _ = halting_item
+                add_text_settings(atom_start, atom_end, style_stacks)
+                style_stacks[t2x_index].pop()
+                atom_start = atom_end
+            add_text_settings(atom_start, next_start, style_stacks)
 
+        del self.line_num
         return settings
 
     def text2svg(self):
         # anti-aliasing
-        size = self.size * 10
-        lsh = self.lsh * 10
+        size = self.font_size
+        lsh = self.lsh
 
         if self.font == '':
             self.font = get_customization()['style']['font']
@@ -196,8 +242,8 @@ class Text(SVGMobject):
         if os.path.exists(file_name):
             return file_name
         settings = self.text2settings()
-        width = 600
-        height = 400
+        width = DEFAULT_PIXEL_WIDTH
+        height = DEFAULT_PIXEL_HEIGHT
         disable_liga = self.disable_ligatures
         return manimpango.text2svg(
             settings,
@@ -212,6 +258,296 @@ class Text(SVGMobject):
             self.text,
         )
 
+
+class MarkupText(SVGMobject):
+    CONFIG = {
+        # Mobject
+        "color": WHITE,
+        "height": None,
+        # Text
+        "font": '',
+        "font_size": 48,
+        "lsh": None,
+        "justify": False,
+        "slant": NORMAL,
+        "weight": NORMAL,
+        "tab_width": 4,
+        "gradient": None,
+        "disable_ligatures": True,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, text, **config):
+        digest_config(self, config)
+        self.text = f'<span>{text}</span>'
+        self.original_text = self.text
+        self.text_for_parsing = self.text
+        text_without_tabs = text
+        if "\t" in text:
+            text_without_tabs = text.replace("\t", " " * self.tab_width)
+        try:
+            colormap = self.extract_color_tags()
+            gradientmap = self.extract_gradient_tags()
+        except ET.ParseError:
+            # let pango handle that error
+            pass
+        validate_error = MarkupUtils.validate(self.text)
+        if validate_error:
+            raise ValueError(validate_error)
+        file_name = self.text2svg()
+        PangoUtils.remove_last_M(file_name)
+        super().__init__(
+            file_name,
+            **config,
+        )
+        self.chars = self.get_group_class()(*self.submobjects)
+        self.text = text_without_tabs.replace(" ", "").replace("\n", "")
+        if self.gradient:
+            self.set_color_by_gradient(*self.gradient)
+        for col in colormap:
+            self.chars[
+                col["start"]
+                - col["start_offset"] : col["end"]
+                - col["start_offset"]
+                - col["end_offset"]
+            ].set_color(self._parse_color(col["color"]))
+        for grad in gradientmap:
+            self.chars[
+                grad["start"]
+                - grad["start_offset"] : grad["end"]
+                - grad["start_offset"]
+                - grad["end_offset"]
+            ].set_color_by_gradient(
+                *(self._parse_color(grad["from"]), self._parse_color(grad["to"]))
+            )
+        # anti-aliasing
+        if self.height is None:
+            self.scale(TEXT_MOB_SCALE_FACTOR)
+
+    def text2hash(self):
+        """Generates ``sha256`` hash for file name."""
+        settings = (
+            "MARKUPPANGO" + self.font + self.slant + self.weight + self.color
+        )  # to differentiate from classical Pango Text
+        settings += str(self.lsh) + str(self.font_size)
+        settings += str(self.disable_ligatures)
+        settings += str(self.justify)
+        id_str = self.text + settings
+        hasher = hashlib.sha256()
+        hasher.update(id_str.encode())
+        return hasher.hexdigest()[:16]
+    
+    def text2svg(self):
+        """Convert the text to SVG using Pango."""
+        size = self.font_size
+        dir_name = get_text_dir()
+        disable_liga = self.disable_ligatures
+        if not os.path.exists(dir_name):
+            os.makedirs(dir_name)
+        hash_name = self.text2hash()
+        file_name = os.path.join(dir_name, hash_name) + ".svg"
+        if os.path.exists(file_name):
+            return file_name
+
+        extra_kwargs = {}
+        extra_kwargs['justify'] = self.justify
+        extra_kwargs['pango_width'] = DEFAULT_PIXEL_WIDTH - 100
+        if self.lsh:
+            extra_kwargs['line_spacing']=self.lsh
+        return MarkupUtils.text2svg(
+            f'<span foreground="{self.color}">{self.text}</span>',
+            self.font,
+            self.slant,
+            self.weight,
+            size,
+            0, # empty parameter
+            disable_liga,
+            file_name,
+            START_X,
+            START_Y,
+            DEFAULT_PIXEL_WIDTH,  # width
+            DEFAULT_PIXEL_HEIGHT,  # height
+            **extra_kwargs
+        )
+
+    def _parse_color(self, col):
+        """Parse color given in ``<color>`` or ``<gradient>`` tags."""
+        if re.match("#[0-9a-f]{6}", col):
+            return col
+        else:
+            return globals()[col.upper()] # this is hacky
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(10)
+    def get_text_from_markup(self, element=None):
+        if not element:
+            element = ET.fromstring(self.text_for_parsing)
+        final_text = ''
+        for i in element.itertext():
+            final_text += i
+        return final_text
+
+    def extract_color_tags(self, text=None, colormap = None):
+        """Used to determine which parts (if any) of the string should be formatted
+        with a custom color.
+        Removes the ``<color>`` tag, as it is not part of Pango's markup and would cause an error.
+        Note: Using the ``<color>`` tags is deprecated. As soon as the legacy syntax is gone, this function
+        will be removed.
+        """
+        if not text:
+            text = self.text_for_parsing
+        if not colormap:
+            colormap = list()
+        elements = ET.fromstring(text)
+        text_from_markup = self.get_text_from_markup()
+        final_xml = ET.fromstring(f'<span>{elements.text if elements.text else ""}</span>')
+        def get_color_map(elements):
+            for element in elements:
+                if element.tag == 'color':
+                    element_text = self.get_text_from_markup(element)
+                    start = text_from_markup.find(element_text)
+                    end = start + len(element_text)
+                    offsets = element.get('offset').split(",") if element.get('offset') else [0]
+                    start_offset = int(offsets[0]) if offsets[0] else 0
+                    end_offset = int(offsets[1]) if len(offsets) == 2 and offsets[1] else 0
+                    colormap.append(
+                        {
+                            "start": start,
+                            "end": end,
+                            "color": element.get('col'),
+                            "start_offset": start_offset,
+                            "end_offset": end_offset,
+                        }
+                    )
+                    
+                    _elements_list = list(element.iter())
+                    if len(_elements_list) <= 1:
+                        final_xml.append(ET.fromstring(f'<span>{element.text if element.text else ""}</span>'))
+                    else:
+                        final_xml.append(_elements_list[-1])
+                else:
+                    if len(list(element.iter())) == 1:
+                        final_xml.append(element)
+                    else:
+                        get_color_map(element)
+        get_color_map(elements)
+        with io.BytesIO() as f:
+            tree = ET.ElementTree()  
+            tree._setroot(final_xml)
+            tree.write(f)
+            self.text = f.getvalue().decode()
+        self.text_for_parsing = self.text # gradients will use it
+        return colormap
+
+    def extract_gradient_tags(self, text=None,gradientmap=None):
+        """Used to determine which parts (if any) of the string should be formatted
+        with a gradient.
+        Removes the ``<gradient>`` tag, as it is not part of Pango's markup and would cause an error.
+        """
+        if not text:
+            text = self.text_for_parsing
+        if not gradientmap:
+            gradientmap = list()
+
+        elements = ET.fromstring(text)
+        text_from_markup = self.get_text_from_markup()
+        final_xml = ET.fromstring(f'<span>{elements.text if elements.text else ""}</span>')
+        def get_gradient_map(elements):
+            for element in elements:
+                if element.tag == 'gradient':
+                    element_text = self.get_text_from_markup(element)
+                    start = text_from_markup.find(element_text)
+                    end = start + len(element_text)
+                    offsets = element.get('offset').split(",") if element.get('offset') else [0]
+                    start_offset = int(offsets[0]) if offsets[0] else 0
+                    end_offset = int(offsets[1]) if len(offsets) == 2 and offsets[1] else 0
+                    gradientmap.append(
+                        {
+                            "start": start,
+                            "end": end,
+                            "from": element.get('from'),
+                            "to": element.get('to'),
+                            "start_offset": start_offset,
+                            "end_offset": end_offset,
+                        }
+                    )
+                    _elements_list = list(element.iter())
+                    if len(_elements_list) == 1:
+                        final_xml.append(ET.fromstring(f'<span>{element.text if element.text else ""}</span>'))
+                    else:
+                        final_xml.append(_elements_list[-1])
+                else:
+                    if len(list(element.iter())) == 1:
+                        final_xml.append(element)
+                    else:
+                        get_gradient_map(element)
+        get_gradient_map(elements)
+        with io.BytesIO() as f:
+            tree = ET.ElementTree()  
+            tree._setroot(final_xml)
+            tree.write(f)
+            self.text = f.getvalue().decode()
+
+        return gradientmap
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"MarkupText({repr(self.original_text)})"
+
+
+class Code(Text):
+    CONFIG = {
+        "font": "Consolas",
+        "font_size": 24,
+        "lsh": 1.0,
+        "language": "python",
+        # Visit https://pygments.org/demo/ to have a preview of more styles.
+        "code_style": "monokai",
+        # If not None, then each character will cover a space of equal width.
+        "char_width": None
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, code, **kwargs):
+        self.full2short(kwargs)
+        digest_config(self, kwargs)
+        code = code.lstrip("\n")  # avoid mismatches of character indices
+        lexer = pygments.lexers.get_lexer_by_name(self.language)
+        tokens_generator = pygments.lex(code, lexer)
+        styles_dict = dict(pygments.styles.get_style_by_name(self.code_style))
+        default_color_hex = styles_dict[pygments.token.Text]["color"]
+        if not default_color_hex:
+            default_color_hex = self.color[1:]
+        start_index = 0
+        t2c = {}
+        t2s = {}
+        t2w = {}
+        for pair in tokens_generator:
+            ttype, token = pair
+            end_index = start_index + len(token)
+            range_str = f"[{start_index}:{end_index}]"
+            style_dict = styles_dict[ttype]
+            t2c[range_str] = "#" + (style_dict["color"] or default_color_hex)
+            t2s[range_str] = ITALIC if style_dict["italic"] else NORMAL
+            t2w[range_str] = BOLD if style_dict["bold"] else NORMAL
+            start_index = end_index
+        t2c.update(self.t2c)
+        t2s.update(self.t2s)
+        t2w.update(self.t2w)
+        kwargs["t2c"] = t2c
+        kwargs["t2s"] = t2s
+        kwargs["t2w"] = t2w
+        Text.__init__(self, code, **kwargs)
+        if self.char_width is not None:
+            self.set_monospace(self.char_width)
+
+    def set_monospace(self, char_width):
+        current_char_index = 0
+        for i, char in enumerate(self.text):
+            if char == "\n":
+                current_char_index = 0
+                continue
+            self[i].set_x(current_char_index * char_width)
+            current_char_index += 1
+        self.center()
+
+
 @contextmanager
 def register_font(font_file: typing.Union[str, Path]):
     """Temporarily add a font file to Pango's search path.
@@ -240,8 +576,8 @@ def register_font(font_file: typing.Union[str, Path]):
     -----
     This method of adding font files also works with :class:`CairoText`.
     .. important ::
-        This method isn't available for macOS. Using this
-        method on macOS will raise an :class:`AttributeError`.
+        This method is available for macOS for ``ManimPango>=v0.2.3``. Using this
+        method with previous releases will raise an :class:`AttributeError` on macOS.
     """
 
     input_folder = Path(get_downloads_dir()).parent.resolve()

manimlib/mobject/three_dimensions.py

@@ -5,14 +5,18 @@ from manimlib.mobject.types.surface import Surface
 from manimlib.mobject.types.surface import SGroup
 from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup
 from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VMobject
+from manimlib.mobject.geometry import Square
+from manimlib.mobject.geometry import Polygon
+from manimlib.utils.bezier import interpolate
 from manimlib.utils.config_ops import digest_config
 from manimlib.utils.space_ops import get_norm
 from manimlib.utils.space_ops import z_to_vector
+from manimlib.utils.space_ops import compass_directions
 
 
 class SurfaceMesh(VGroup):
     CONFIG = {
-        "resolution": (21, 21),
+        "resolution": (21, 11),
         "stroke_width": 1,
         "normal_nudge": 1e-2,
         "depth_test": True,
@@ -30,22 +34,34 @@ class SurfaceMesh(VGroup):
 
         full_nu, full_nv = uv_surface.resolution
         part_nu, part_nv = self.resolution
-        u_indices = np.linspace(0, full_nu, part_nu).astype(int)
-        v_indices = np.linspace(0, full_nv, part_nv).astype(int)
+        # 'indices' are treated as floats. Later, there will be
+        # an interpolation between the floor and ceiling of these
+        # indices
+        u_indices = np.linspace(0, full_nu - 1, part_nu)
+        v_indices = np.linspace(0, full_nv - 1, part_nv)
 
         points, du_points, dv_points = uv_surface.get_surface_points_and_nudged_points()
         normals = uv_surface.get_unit_normals()
-        nudge = 1e-2
+        nudge = self.normal_nudge
         nudged_points = points + nudge * normals
 
         for ui in u_indices:
             path = VMobject()
-            full_ui = full_nv * ui
-            path.set_points_smoothly(nudged_points[full_ui:full_ui + full_nv])
+            low_ui = full_nv * int(math.floor(ui))
+            high_ui = full_nv * int(math.ceil(ui))
+            path.set_points_smoothly(interpolate(
+                nudged_points[low_ui:low_ui + full_nv],
+                nudged_points[high_ui:high_ui + full_nv],
+                ui % 1
+            ))
             self.add(path)
         for vi in v_indices:
             path = VMobject()
-            path.set_points_smoothly(nudged_points[vi::full_nv])
+            path.set_points_smoothly(interpolate(
+                nudged_points[int(math.floor(vi))::full_nv],
+                nudged_points[int(math.ceil(vi))::full_nv],
+                vi % 1
+            ))
             self.add(path)
 
 
@@ -161,15 +177,96 @@ class Cube(SGroup):
         "gloss": 0.5,
         "square_resolution": (2, 2),
         "side_length": 2,
+        "square_class": Square3D,
     }
 
     def init_points(self):
-        for vect in [OUT, RIGHT, UP, LEFT, DOWN, IN]:
-            face = Square3D(resolution=self.square_resolution)
-            face.shift(OUT)
-            face.apply_matrix(z_to_vector(vect))
-            self.add(face)
-        self.set_height(self.side_length)
+        face = Square3D(
+            resolution=self.square_resolution,
+            side_length=self.side_length,
+        )
+        self.add(*self.square_to_cube_faces(face))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def square_to_cube_faces(square):
+        radius = square.get_height() / 2
+        square.move_to(radius * OUT)
+        result = [square]
+        result.extend([
+            square.copy().rotate(PI / 2, axis=vect, about_point=ORIGIN)
+            for vect in compass_directions(4)
+        ])
+        result.append(square.copy().rotate(PI, RIGHT, about_point=ORIGIN))
+        return result
+
+    def _get_face(self):
+        return Square3D(resolution=self.square_resolution)
+
+
+class VCube(VGroup):
+    CONFIG = {
+        "fill_color": BLUE_D,
+        "fill_opacity": 1,
+        "stroke_width": 0,
+        "gloss": 0.5,
+        "shadow": 0.5,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, side_length=2, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        face = Square(side_length=side_length)
+        face.get_triangulation()
+        self.add(*Cube.square_to_cube_faces(face))
+        self.init_colors()
+        self.apply_depth_test()
+        self.refresh_unit_normal()
+
+
+class Dodecahedron(VGroup):
+    CONFIG = {
+        "fill_color": BLUE_E,
+        "fill_opacity": 1,
+        "stroke_width": 1,
+        "reflectiveness": 0.2,
+        "gloss": 0.3,
+        "shadow": 0.2,
+        "depth_test": True,
+    }
+
+    def init_points(self):
+        # Star by creating two of the pentagons, meeting
+        # back to back on the positive x-axis
+        phi = (1 + math.sqrt(5)) / 2
+        x, y, z = np.identity(3)
+        pentagon1 = Polygon(
+            [phi, 1 / phi, 0],
+            [1, 1, 1],
+            [1 / phi, 0, phi],
+            [1, -1, 1],
+            [phi, -1 / phi, 0],
+        )
+        pentagon2 = pentagon1.copy().stretch(-1, 2, about_point=ORIGIN)
+        pentagon2.reverse_points()
+        x_pair = VGroup(pentagon1, pentagon2)
+        z_pair = x_pair.copy().apply_matrix(np.array([z, -x, -y]).T)
+        y_pair = x_pair.copy().apply_matrix(np.array([y, z, x]).T)
+
+        self.add(*x_pair, *y_pair, *z_pair)
+        for pentagon in list(self):
+            pc = pentagon.copy()
+            pc.apply_function(lambda p: -p)
+            pc.reverse_points()
+            self.add(pc)
+
+        # # Rotate those two pentagons by all the axis permuations to fill
+        # # out the dodecahedron
+        # Id = np.identity(3)
+        # for i in range(3):
+        #     perm = [j % 3 for j in range(i, i + 3)]
+        #     for b in [1, -1]:
+        #         matrix = b * np.array([Id[0][perm], Id[1][perm], Id[2][perm]])
+        #         self.add(pentagon1.copy().apply_matrix(matrix, about_point=ORIGIN))
+        #         self.add(pentagon2.copy().apply_matrix(matrix, about_point=ORIGIN))
 
 
 class Prism(Cube):

manimlib/mobject/types/dot_cloud.py

@@ -2,11 +2,14 @@ import numpy as np
 import moderngl
 
 from manimlib.constants import GREY_C
+from manimlib.constants import YELLOW
+from manimlib.constants import ORIGIN
 from manimlib.mobject.types.point_cloud_mobject import PMobject
 from manimlib.utils.iterables import resize_preserving_order
 
 
-DEFAULT_DOT_CLOUD_RADIUS = 0.05
+DEFAULT_DOT_RADIUS = 0.05
+DEFAULT_GLOW_DOT_RADIUS = 0.2
 DEFAULT_GRID_HEIGHT = 6
 DEFAULT_BUFF_RATIO = 0.5
 
@@ -15,7 +18,8 @@ class DotCloud(PMobject):
     CONFIG = {
         "color": GREY_C,
         "opacity": 1,
-        "radius": DEFAULT_DOT_CLOUD_RADIUS,
+        "radius": DEFAULT_DOT_RADIUS,
+        "glow_factor": 0,
         "shader_folder": "true_dot",
         "render_primitive": moderngl.POINTS,
         "shader_dtype": [
@@ -35,6 +39,10 @@ class DotCloud(PMobject):
         self.data["radii"] = np.zeros((1, 1))
         self.set_radius(self.radius)
 
+    def init_uniforms(self):
+        super().init_uniforms()
+        self.uniforms["glow_factor"] = self.glow_factor
+
     def to_grid(self, n_rows, n_cols, n_layers=1,
                 buff_ratio=None,
                 h_buff_ratio=1.0,
@@ -67,7 +75,9 @@ class DotCloud(PMobject):
         return self
 
     def set_radii(self, radii):
-        self.data["radii"][:] = resize_preserving_order(radii, len(self.data["radii"]))
+        n_points = len(self.get_points())
+        radii = np.array(radii).reshape((len(radii), 1))
+        self.data["radii"] = resize_preserving_order(radii, n_points)
         self.refresh_bounding_box()
         return self
 
@@ -82,6 +92,12 @@ class DotCloud(PMobject):
     def get_radius(self):
         return self.get_radii().max()
 
+    def set_glow_factor(self, glow_factor):
+        self.uniforms["glow_factor"] = glow_factor
+
+    def get_glow_factor(self):
+        return self.uniforms["glow_factor"]
+
     def compute_bounding_box(self):
         bb = super().compute_bounding_box()
         radius = self.get_radius()
@@ -95,8 +111,8 @@ class DotCloud(PMobject):
             self.set_radii(scale_factor * self.get_radii())
         return self
 
-    def make_3d(self, gloss=0.5, shadow=0.2):
-        self.set_gloss(gloss)
+    def make_3d(self, reflectiveness=0.5, shadow=0.2):
+        self.set_reflectiveness(reflectiveness)
         self.set_shadow(shadow)
         self.apply_depth_test()
         return self
@@ -106,3 +122,16 @@ class DotCloud(PMobject):
         self.read_data_to_shader(shader_data, "radius", "radii")
         self.read_data_to_shader(shader_data, "color", "rgbas")
         return shader_data
+
+
+class TrueDot(DotCloud):
+    def __init__(self, center=ORIGIN, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(points=[center], **kwargs)
+
+
+class GlowDot(TrueDot):
+    CONFIG = {
+        "glow_factor": 2,
+        "radius": DEFAULT_GLOW_DOT_RADIUS,
+        "color": YELLOW,
+    }

manimlib/mobject/types/image_mobject.py

@@ -22,10 +22,13 @@ class ImageMobject(Mobject):
     }
 
     def __init__(self, filename, **kwargs):
-        path = get_full_raster_image_path(filename)
+        self.set_image_path(get_full_raster_image_path(filename))
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def set_image_path(self, path):
+        self.path = path
         self.image = Image.open(path)
         self.texture_paths = {"Texture": path}
-        super().__init__(**kwargs)
 
     def init_data(self):
         self.data = {

manimlib/mobject/types/point_cloud_mobject.py

@@ -14,10 +14,17 @@ class PMobject(Mobject):
     def resize_points(self, size, resize_func=resize_array):
         # TODO
         for key in self.data:
+            if key == "bounding_box":
+                continue
             if len(self.data[key]) != size:
                 self.data[key] = resize_array(self.data[key], size)
         return self
 
+    def set_points(self, points):
+        super().set_points(points)
+        self.resize_points(len(points))
+        return self
+
     def add_points(self, points, rgbas=None, color=None, opacity=None):
         """
         points must be a Nx3 numpy array, as must rgbas if it is not None
@@ -54,6 +61,8 @@ class PMobject(Mobject):
         for mob in self.family_members_with_points():
             to_keep = ~np.apply_along_axis(condition, 1, mob.get_points())
             for key in mob.data:
+                if key == "bounding_box":
+                    continue
                 mob.data[key] = mob.data[key][to_keep]
         return self
 
@@ -85,7 +94,9 @@ class PMobject(Mobject):
         lower_index = int(a * pmobject.get_num_points())
         upper_index = int(b * pmobject.get_num_points())
         for key in self.data:
-            self.data[key] = pmobject.data[key][lower_index:upper_index]
+            if key == "bounding_box":
+                continue
+            self.data[key] = pmobject.data[key][lower_index:upper_index].copy()
         return self
 
 

manimlib/mobject/types/surface.py

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ class Surface(Mobject):
         "resolution": (101, 101),
         "color": GREY,
         "opacity": 1.0,
-        "gloss": 0.3,
+        "reflectiveness": 0.3,
+        "gloss": 0.1,
         "shadow": 0.4,
         "prefered_creation_axis": 1,
         # For du and dv steps.  Much smaller and numerical error
@@ -161,6 +162,11 @@ class Surface(Mobject):
             tri_is[k::3] = tri_is[k::3][indices]
         return self
 
+    def always_sort_to_camera(self, camera):
+        self.add_updater(lambda m: m.sort_faces_back_to_front(
+            camera.get_location() - self.get_center()
+        ))
+
     # For shaders
     def get_shader_data(self):
         s_points, du_points, dv_points = self.get_surface_points_and_nudged_points()
@@ -181,9 +187,9 @@ class Surface(Mobject):
 
 
 class ParametricSurface(Surface):
-    def __init__(self, uv_func, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, uv_func, u_range=(0, 1), v_range=(0, 1), **kwargs):
         self.passed_uv_func = uv_func
-        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        super().__init__(u_range=u_range, v_range=v_range, **kwargs)
 
     def uv_func(self, u, v):
         return self.passed_uv_func(u, v)
@@ -254,7 +260,7 @@ class TexturedSurface(Surface):
         super().init_uniforms()
         self.uniforms["num_textures"] = self.num_textures
 
-    def init_colors(self):
+    def init_colors(self, override=True):
         self.data["opacity"] = np.array([self.uv_surface.data["rgbas"][:, 3]])
 
     def set_opacity(self, opacity, recurse=True):

manimlib/mobject/types/vectorized_mobject.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from manimlib.utils.bezier import get_smooth_quadratic_bezier_handle_points
 from manimlib.utils.bezier import get_smooth_cubic_bezier_handle_points
 from manimlib.utils.bezier import get_quadratic_approximation_of_cubic
 from manimlib.utils.bezier import interpolate
+from manimlib.utils.bezier import inverse_interpolate
 from manimlib.utils.bezier import integer_interpolate
 from manimlib.utils.bezier import partial_quadratic_bezier_points
 from manimlib.utils.color import rgb_to_hex
@@ -52,9 +53,8 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
         "fill_shader_folder": "quadratic_bezier_fill",
         # Could also be "bevel", "miter", "round"
         "joint_type": "auto",
-        "flat_stroke": True,
+        "flat_stroke": False,
         "render_primitive": moderngl.TRIANGLES,
-        "triangulation_locked": False,
         "fill_dtype": [
             ('point', np.float32, (3,)),
             ('unit_normal', np.float32, (3,)),
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
         self.needs_new_triangulation = True
         self.triangulation = np.zeros(0, dtype='i4')
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
-        self.refresh_unit_normal()
 
     def get_group_class(self):
         return VGroup
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
         })
 
     # Colors
-    def init_colors(self):
+    def init_colors(self, override=True):
         self.set_fill(
             color=self.fill_color or self.color,
             opacity=self.fill_opacity,
@@ -104,26 +103,51 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
         )
         self.set_gloss(self.gloss)
         self.set_flat_stroke(self.flat_stroke)
+        if not override:
+            for submobjects in self.submobjects:
+                submobjects.init_colors(override=False)
+        return self
+
+    def set_rgba_array(self, rgba_array, name=None, recurse=False):
+        if name is None:
+            names = ["fill_rgba", "stroke_rgba"]
+        else:
+            names = [name]
+
+        for name in names:
+            super().set_rgba_array(rgba_array, name, recurse)
         return self
 
     def set_fill(self, color=None, opacity=None, recurse=True):
-        self.set_rgba_array(color, opacity, 'fill_rgba', recurse)
+        self.set_rgba_array_by_color(color, opacity, 'fill_rgba', recurse)
         return self
 
     def set_stroke(self, color=None, width=None, opacity=None, background=None, recurse=True):
-        self.set_rgba_array(color, opacity, 'stroke_rgba', recurse)
+        self.set_rgba_array_by_color(color, opacity, 'stroke_rgba', recurse)
 
         if width is not None:
             for mob in self.get_family(recurse):
-                mob.data['stroke_width'] = np.array([
-                    [width] for width in listify(width)
-                ])
+                if isinstance(width, np.ndarray):
+                    arr = width.reshape((len(width), 1))
+                else:
+                    arr = np.array([[w] for w in listify(width)], dtype=float)
+                mob.data['stroke_width'] = arr
 
         if background is not None:
             for mob in self.get_family(recurse):
                 mob.draw_stroke_behind_fill = background
         return self
 
+    def set_backstroke(self, color=BLACK, width=3, background=True):
+        self.set_stroke(color, width, background=background)
+        return self
+
+    def align_stroke_width_data_to_points(self, recurse=True):
+        for mob in self.get_family(recurse):
+            mob.data["stroke_width"] = resize_with_interpolation(
+                mob.data["stroke_width"], len(mob.get_points())
+            )
+
     def set_style(self,
                   fill_color=None,
                   fill_opacity=None,
@@ -132,6 +156,8 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
                   stroke_opacity=None,
                   stroke_rgba=None,
                   stroke_width=None,
+                  stroke_background=True,
+                  reflectiveness=None,
                   gloss=None,
                   shadow=None,
                   recurse=True):
@@ -146,15 +172,21 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
 
         if stroke_rgba is not None:
             self.data['stroke_rgba'] = resize_with_interpolation(stroke_rgba, len(fill_rgba))
-            self.set_stroke(width=stroke_width)
+            self.set_stroke(
+                width=stroke_width,
+                background=stroke_background,
+            )
         else:
             self.set_stroke(
                 color=stroke_color,
                 width=stroke_width,
                 opacity=stroke_opacity,
                 recurse=recurse,
+                background=stroke_background,
             )
 
+        if reflectiveness is not None:
+            self.set_reflectiveness(reflectiveness, recurse=recurse)
         if gloss is not None:
             self.set_gloss(gloss, recurse=recurse)
         if shadow is not None:
@@ -163,9 +195,11 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
 
     def get_style(self):
         return {
-            "fill_rgba": self.data['fill_rgba'],
-            "stroke_rgba": self.data['stroke_rgba'],
-            "stroke_width": self.data['stroke_width'],
+            "fill_rgba": self.data['fill_rgba'].copy(),
+            "stroke_rgba": self.data['stroke_rgba'].copy(),
+            "stroke_width": self.data['stroke_width'].copy(),
+            "stroke_background": self.draw_stroke_behind_fill,
+            "reflectiveness": self.get_reflectiveness(),
             "gloss": self.get_gloss(),
             "shadow": self.get_shadow(),
         }
@@ -195,16 +229,17 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
         return self
 
     def fade(self, darkness=0.5, recurse=True):
-        factor = 1.0 - darkness
-        self.set_fill(
-            opacity=factor * self.get_fill_opacity(),
-            recurse=False,
-        )
-        self.set_stroke(
-            opacity=factor * self.get_stroke_opacity(),
-            recurse=False,
-        )
-        super().fade(darkness, recurse)
+        mobs = self.get_family() if recurse else [self]
+        for mob in mobs:
+            factor = 1.0 - darkness
+            mob.set_fill(
+                opacity=factor * mob.get_fill_opacity(),
+                recurse=False,
+            )
+            mob.set_stroke(
+                opacity=factor * mob.get_stroke_opacity(),
+                recurse=False,
+            )
         return self
 
     def get_fill_colors(self):
@@ -226,7 +261,7 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
         return self.data['stroke_rgba'][:, 3]
 
     def get_stroke_widths(self):
-        return self.data['stroke_width']
+        return self.data['stroke_width'][:, 0]
 
     # TODO, it's weird for these to return the first of various lists
     # rather than the full information
@@ -254,12 +289,12 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
         return self.get_stroke_opacities()[0]
 
     def get_color(self):
-        if self.has_stroke():
-            return self.get_stroke_color()
-        return self.get_fill_color()
+        if self.has_fill():
+            return self.get_fill_color()
+        return self.get_stroke_color()
 
     def has_stroke(self):
-        return any(self.get_stroke_widths()) and any(self.get_stroke_opacities())
+        return self.get_stroke_widths().any() and self.get_stroke_opacities().any()
 
     def has_fill(self):
         return any(self.get_fill_opacities())
@@ -350,7 +385,10 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
 
     def add_smooth_cubic_curve_to(self, handle, point):
         self.throw_error_if_no_points()
-        new_handle = self.get_reflection_of_last_handle()
+        if self.get_num_points() == 1:
+            new_handle = self.get_points()[-1]
+        else:
+            new_handle = self.get_reflection_of_last_handle()
         self.add_cubic_bezier_curve_to(new_handle, handle, point)
 
     def has_new_path_started(self):
@@ -406,7 +444,10 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
 
     def set_points_smoothly(self, points, true_smooth=False):
         self.set_points_as_corners(points)
-        self.make_smooth()
+        if true_smooth:
+            self.make_smooth()
+        else:
+            self.make_approximately_smooth()
         return self
 
     def change_anchor_mode(self, mode):
@@ -478,10 +519,10 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
         nppc = self.n_points_per_curve
         remainder = len(points) % nppc
         points = points[:len(points) - remainder]
-        return [
+        return (
             points[i:i + nppc]
             for i in range(0, len(points), nppc)
-        ]
+        )
 
     def get_bezier_tuples(self):
         return self.get_bezier_tuples_from_points(self.get_points())
@@ -517,12 +558,35 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
     def get_num_curves(self):
         return self.get_num_points() // self.n_points_per_curve
 
-    def point_from_proportion(self, alpha):
+    def quick_point_from_proportion(self, alpha):
+        # Assumes all curves have the same length, so is inaccurate
         num_curves = self.get_num_curves()
         n, residue = integer_interpolate(0, num_curves, alpha)
         curve_func = self.get_nth_curve_function(n)
         return curve_func(residue)
 
+    def point_from_proportion(self, alpha):
+        if alpha <= 0:
+            return self.get_start()
+        elif alpha >= 1:
+            return self.get_end()
+
+        partials = [0]
+        for tup in self.get_bezier_tuples():
+            # Approximate length with straight line from start to end
+            arclen = get_norm(tup[0] - tup[-1])
+            partials.append(partials[-1] + arclen)
+        full = partials[-1]
+        if full == 0:
+            return self.get_start()
+        # First index where the partial lenth is more alpha times the full length
+        i = next(
+            (i for i, x in enumerate(partials) if x >= full * alpha),
+            len(partials)  # Default
+        )
+        residue = inverse_interpolate(partials[i - 1] / full, partials[i] / full, alpha)
+        return self.get_nth_curve_function(i - 1)(residue)
+
     def get_anchors_and_handles(self):
         """
         returns anchors1, handles, anchors2,
@@ -603,17 +667,19 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
         area_vect = self.get_area_vector()
         area = get_norm(area_vect)
         if area > 0:
-            return area_vect / area
+            normal = area_vect / area
         else:
             points = self.get_points()
-            return get_unit_normal(
+            normal = get_unit_normal(
                 points[1] - points[0],
                 points[2] - points[1],
             )
+        self.data["unit_normal"][:] = normal
+        return normal
 
     def refresh_unit_normal(self):
         for mob in self.get_family():
-            mob.data["unit_normal"][:] = mob.get_unit_normal(recompute=True)
+            mob.get_unit_normal(recompute=True)
         return self
 
     # Alignment
@@ -675,7 +741,7 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
         if len(points) == 1:
             return np.repeat(points, nppc * n, 0)
 
-        bezier_groups = self.get_bezier_tuples_from_points(points)
+        bezier_groups = list(self.get_bezier_tuples_from_points(points))
         norms = np.array([
             get_norm(bg[nppc - 1] - bg[0])
             for bg in bezier_groups
@@ -771,7 +837,7 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
         # how to send the points as to the vertex shader.
         # First triangles come directly from the points
         if normal_vector is None:
-            normal_vector = self.get_unit_normal()
+            normal_vector = self.get_unit_normal(recompute=True)
 
         if not self.needs_new_triangulation:
             return self.triangulation
@@ -827,11 +893,11 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
     def triggers_refreshed_triangulation(func):
         @wraps(func)
         def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            old_points = self.get_points()
+            old_points = self.get_points().copy()
             func(self, *args, **kwargs)
             if not np.all(self.get_points() == old_points):
-                self.refresh_triangulation()
                 self.refresh_unit_normal()
+                self.refresh_triangulation()
         return wrapper
 
     @triggers_refreshed_triangulation
@@ -852,9 +918,10 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
             self.make_approximately_smooth()
         return self
 
-    @triggers_refreshed_triangulation
     def flip(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super().flip(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.refresh_unit_normal()
+        self.refresh_triangulation()
         return self
 
     # For shaders
@@ -972,6 +1039,10 @@ class VGroup(VMobject):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
         self.add(*vmobjects)
 
+    def __add__(self: 'VGroup', other: 'VMobject' or 'VGroup'):
+        assert(isinstance(other, VMobject))
+        return self.add(other)
+
 
 class VectorizedPoint(Point, VMobject):
     CONFIG = {
@@ -983,7 +1054,8 @@ class VectorizedPoint(Point, VMobject):
     }
 
     def __init__(self, location=ORIGIN, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        Point.__init__(self, **kwargs)
+        VMobject.__init__(self, **kwargs)
         self.set_points(np.array([location]))
 
 

manimlib/mobject/value_tracker.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import numpy as np
 
 from manimlib.mobject.mobject import Mobject
+from manimlib.utils.iterables import listify
 
 
 class ValueTracker(Mobject):
@@ -15,18 +16,25 @@ class ValueTracker(Mobject):
     }
 
     def __init__(self, value=0, **kwargs):
+        self.value = value
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
-        self.set_value(value)
 
     def init_data(self):
         super().init_data()
-        self.data["value"] = np.zeros((1, 1), dtype=self.value_type)
+        self.data["value"] = np.array(
+            listify(self.value),
+            ndmin=2,
+            dtype=self.value_type,
+        )
 
     def get_value(self):
-        return self.data["value"][0, 0]
+        result = self.data["value"][0, :]
+        if len(result) == 1:
+            return result[0]
+        return result
 
     def set_value(self, value):
-        self.data["value"][0, 0] = value
+        self.data["value"][0, :] = value
         return self
 
     def increment_value(self, d_value):

manimlib/mobject/vector_field.py

@@ -1,66 +1,32 @@
 import numpy as np
-import os
 import itertools as it
-from PIL import Image
 import random
 
 from manimlib.constants import *
 
 from manimlib.animation.composition import AnimationGroup
-from manimlib.animation.indication import ShowPassingFlash
-from manimlib.mobject.geometry import Vector
+from manimlib.animation.indication import VShowPassingFlash
+from manimlib.mobject.geometry import Arrow
 from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup
 from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VMobject
 from manimlib.utils.bezier import inverse_interpolate
 from manimlib.utils.bezier import interpolate
-from manimlib.utils.color import color_to_rgb
-from manimlib.utils.color import rgb_to_color
+from manimlib.utils.color import get_colormap_list
+from manimlib.utils.config_ops import merge_dicts_recursively
 from manimlib.utils.config_ops import digest_config
 from manimlib.utils.rate_functions import linear
 from manimlib.utils.simple_functions import sigmoid
 from manimlib.utils.space_ops import get_norm
-# from manimlib.utils.space_ops import normalize
 
 
-DEFAULT_SCALAR_FIELD_COLORS = [BLUE_E, GREEN, YELLOW, RED]
-
-
-def get_colored_background_image(scalar_field_func,
-                                 number_to_rgb_func,
-                                 pixel_height=DEFAULT_PIXEL_HEIGHT,
-                                 pixel_width=DEFAULT_PIXEL_WIDTH):
-    ph = pixel_height
-    pw = pixel_width
-    fw = FRAME_WIDTH
-    fh = FRAME_HEIGHT
-    points_array = np.zeros((ph, pw, 3))
-    x_array = np.linspace(-fw / 2, fw / 2, pw)
-    x_array = x_array.reshape((1, len(x_array)))
-    x_array = x_array.repeat(ph, axis=0)
-
-    y_array = np.linspace(fh / 2, -fh / 2, ph)
-    y_array = y_array.reshape((len(y_array), 1))
-    y_array.repeat(pw, axis=1)
-    points_array[:, :, 0] = x_array
-    points_array[:, :, 1] = y_array
-    scalars = np.apply_along_axis(scalar_field_func, 2, points_array)
-    rgb_array = number_to_rgb_func(scalars.flatten()).reshape((ph, pw, 3))
-    return Image.fromarray((rgb_array * 255).astype('uint8'))
-
-
-def get_rgb_gradient_function(min_value=0, max_value=1,
-                              colors=[BLUE, RED],
-                              flip_alphas=True,  # Why?
-                              ):
-    rgbs = np.array(list(map(color_to_rgb, colors)))
+def get_vectorized_rgb_gradient_function(min_value, max_value, color_map):
+    rgbs = np.array(get_colormap_list(color_map))
 
     def func(values):
         alphas = inverse_interpolate(
             min_value, max_value, np.array(values)
         )
         alphas = np.clip(alphas, 0, 1)
-        # if flip_alphas:
-        #     alphas = 1 - alphas
         scaled_alphas = alphas * (len(rgbs) - 1)
         indices = scaled_alphas.astype(int)
         next_indices = np.clip(indices + 1, 0, len(rgbs) - 1)
@@ -71,29 +37,9 @@ def get_rgb_gradient_function(min_value=0, max_value=1,
     return func
 
 
-def get_color_field_image_file(scalar_func,
-                               min_value=0, max_value=2,
-                               colors=DEFAULT_SCALAR_FIELD_COLORS
-                               ):
-    # try_hash
-    np.random.seed(0)
-    sample_inputs = 5 * np.random.random(size=(10, 3)) - 10
-    sample_outputs = np.apply_along_axis(scalar_func, 1, sample_inputs)
-    func_hash = hash(
-        str(min_value) + str(max_value) + str(colors) + str(sample_outputs)
-    )
-    file_name = "%d.png" % func_hash
-    full_path = os.path.join(RASTER_IMAGE_DIR, file_name)
-    if not os.path.exists(full_path):
-        print("Rendering color field image " + str(func_hash))
-        rgb_gradient_func = get_rgb_gradient_function(
-            min_value=min_value,
-            max_value=max_value,
-            colors=colors
-        )
-        image = get_colored_background_image(scalar_func, rgb_gradient_func)
-        image.save(full_path)
-    return full_path
+def get_rgb_gradient_function(min_value, max_value, color_map):
+    vectorized_func = get_vectorized_rgb_gradient_function(min_value, max_value, color_map)
+    return lambda value: vectorized_func([value])[0]
 
 
 def move_along_vector_field(mobject, func):
@@ -116,217 +62,200 @@ def move_submobjects_along_vector_field(mobject, func):
     return mobject
 
 
-def move_points_along_vector_field(mobject, func):
+def move_points_along_vector_field(mobject, func, coordinate_system):
+    cs = coordinate_system
+    origin = cs.get_origin()
+
     def apply_nudge(self, dt):
-        self.mobject.apply_function(
-            lambda p: p + func(p) * dt
+        mobject.apply_function(
+            lambda p: p + (cs.c2p(*func(*cs.p2c(p))) - origin) * dt
         )
     mobject.add_updater(apply_nudge)
     return mobject
 
 
+def get_sample_points_from_coordinate_system(coordinate_system, step_multiple):
+    ranges = []
+    for range_args in coordinate_system.get_all_ranges():
+        _min, _max, step = range_args
+        step *= step_multiple
+        ranges.append(np.arange(_min, _max + step, step))
+    return it.product(*ranges)
+
+
 # Mobjects
 
 class VectorField(VGroup):
     CONFIG = {
-        "delta_x": 0.5,
-        "delta_y": 0.5,
-        "x_min": int(np.floor(-FRAME_WIDTH / 2)),
-        "x_max": int(np.ceil(FRAME_WIDTH / 2)),
-        "y_min": int(np.floor(-FRAME_HEIGHT / 2)),
-        "y_max": int(np.ceil(FRAME_HEIGHT / 2)),
-        "min_magnitude": 0,
-        "max_magnitude": 2,
-        "colors": DEFAULT_SCALAR_FIELD_COLORS,
+        "step_multiple": 0.5,
+        "magnitude_range": (0, 2),
+        "color_map": "3b1b_colormap",
         # Takes in actual norm, spits out displayed norm
         "length_func": lambda norm: 0.45 * sigmoid(norm),
         "opacity": 1.0,
         "vector_config": {},
     }
 
-    def __init__(self, func, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, func, coordinate_system, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
         self.func = func
-        self.rgb_gradient_function = get_rgb_gradient_function(
-            self.min_magnitude,
-            self.max_magnitude,
-            self.colors,
-            flip_alphas=False
+        self.coordinate_system = coordinate_system
+        self.value_to_rgb = get_rgb_gradient_function(
+            *self.magnitude_range, self.color_map,
         )
-        x_range = np.arange(
-            self.x_min,
-            self.x_max + self.delta_x,
-            self.delta_x
-        )
-        y_range = np.arange(
-            self.y_min,
-            self.y_max + self.delta_y,
-            self.delta_y
-        )
-        for x, y in it.product(x_range, y_range):
-            point = x * RIGHT + y * UP
-            self.add(self.get_vector(point))
-        self.set_opacity(self.opacity)
 
-    def get_vector(self, point, **kwargs):
-        output = np.array(self.func(point))
-        norm = get_norm(output)
-        if norm == 0:
-            output *= 0
-        else:
-            output *= self.length_func(norm) / norm
-        vector_config = dict(self.vector_config)
-        vector_config.update(kwargs)
-        vect = Vector(output, **vector_config)
-        vect.shift(point)
-        fill_color = rgb_to_color(
-            self.rgb_gradient_function(np.array([norm]))[0]
+        samples = get_sample_points_from_coordinate_system(
+            coordinate_system, self.step_multiple
         )
-        vect.set_color(fill_color)
+        self.add(*(
+            self.get_vector(coords)
+            for coords in samples
+        ))
+
+    def get_vector(self, coords, **kwargs):
+        vector_config = merge_dicts_recursively(
+            self.vector_config,
+            kwargs
+        )
+
+        output = np.array(self.func(*coords))
+        norm = get_norm(output)
+        if norm > 0:
+            output *= self.length_func(norm) / norm
+
+        origin = self.coordinate_system.get_origin()
+        _input = self.coordinate_system.c2p(*coords)
+        _output = self.coordinate_system.c2p(*output)
+
+        vect = Arrow(
+            origin, _output, buff=0,
+            **vector_config
+        )
+        vect.shift(_input - origin)
+        vect.set_rgba_array([[*self.value_to_rgb(norm), self.opacity]])
         return vect
 
 
 class StreamLines(VGroup):
     CONFIG = {
-        # TODO, this is an awkward way to inherit
-        # defaults to a method.
-        "start_points_generator_config": {},
-        # Config for choosing start points
-        "x_min": -8,
-        "x_max": 8,
-        "y_min": -5,
-        "y_max": 5,
-        "delta_x": 0.5,
-        "delta_y": 0.5,
+        "step_multiple": 0.5,
         "n_repeats": 1,
         "noise_factor": None,
         # Config for drawing lines
         "dt": 0.05,
-        "virtual_time": 3,
-        "n_anchors_per_line": 100,
+        "arc_len": 3,
+        "max_time_steps": 200,
+        "n_samples_per_line": 10,
+        "cutoff_norm": 15,
+        # Style info
         "stroke_width": 1,
         "stroke_color": WHITE,
-        "color_by_arc_length": True,
-        # Min and max arc lengths meant to define
-        # the color range, should color_by_arc_length be True
-        "min_arc_length": 0,
-        "max_arc_length": 12,
-        "color_by_magnitude": False,
-        # Min and max magnitudes meant to define
-        # the color range, should color_by_magnitude be True
-        "min_magnitude": 0.5,
-        "max_magnitude": 1.5,
-        "colors": DEFAULT_SCALAR_FIELD_COLORS,
-        "cutoff_norm": 15,
+        "stroke_opacity": 1,
+        "color_by_magnitude": True,
+        "magnitude_range": (0, 2.0),
+        "taper_stroke_width": False,
+        "color_map": "3b1b_colormap",
     }
 
-    def __init__(self, func, **kwargs):
-        VGroup.__init__(self, **kwargs)
+    def __init__(self, func, coordinate_system, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
         self.func = func
-        dt = self.dt
+        self.coordinate_system = coordinate_system
+        self.draw_lines()
+        self.init_style()
 
-        start_points = self.get_start_points(
-            **self.start_points_generator_config
-        )
-        for point in start_points:
+    def point_func(self, point):
+        in_coords = self.coordinate_system.p2c(point)
+        out_coords = self.func(*in_coords)
+        return self.coordinate_system.c2p(*out_coords)
+
+    def draw_lines(self):
+        lines = []
+        origin = self.coordinate_system.get_origin()
+        for point in self.get_start_points():
             points = [point]
-            for t in np.arange(0, self.virtual_time, dt):
+            total_arc_len = 0
+            time = 0
+            for x in range(self.max_time_steps):
+                time += self.dt
                 last_point = points[-1]
-                points.append(last_point + dt * func(last_point))
+                new_point = last_point + self.dt * (self.point_func(last_point) - origin)
+                points.append(new_point)
+                total_arc_len += get_norm(new_point - last_point)
                 if get_norm(last_point) > self.cutoff_norm:
                     break
+                if total_arc_len > self.arc_len:
+                    break
             line = VMobject()
-            step = max(1, int(len(points) / self.n_anchors_per_line))
-            line.set_points_smoothly(points[::step])
-            self.add(line)
-
-        self.set_stroke(self.stroke_color, self.stroke_width)
-
-        if self.color_by_arc_length:
-            len_to_rgb = get_rgb_gradient_function(
-                self.min_arc_length,
-                self.max_arc_length,
-                colors=self.colors,
-            )
-            for line in self:
-                arc_length = line.get_arc_length()
-                rgb = len_to_rgb([arc_length])[0]
-                color = rgb_to_color(rgb)
-                line.set_color(color)
-        elif self.color_by_magnitude:
-            image_file = get_color_field_image_file(
-                lambda p: get_norm(func(p)),
-                min_value=self.min_magnitude,
-                max_value=self.max_magnitude,
-                colors=self.colors,
-            )
-            self.color_using_background_image(image_file)
+            line.virtual_time = time
+            step = max(1, int(len(points) / self.n_samples_per_line))
+            line.set_points_as_corners(points[::step])
+            line.make_approximately_smooth()
+            lines.append(line)
+        self.set_submobjects(lines)
 
     def get_start_points(self):
-        x_min = self.x_min
-        x_max = self.x_max
-        y_min = self.y_min
-        y_max = self.y_max
-        delta_x = self.delta_x
-        delta_y = self.delta_y
-        n_repeats = self.n_repeats
+        cs = self.coordinate_system
+        sample_coords = get_sample_points_from_coordinate_system(
+            cs, self.step_multiple,
+        )
+
         noise_factor = self.noise_factor
-
         if noise_factor is None:
-            noise_factor = delta_y / 2
+            noise_factor = cs.x_range[2] * self.step_multiple * 0.5
+
         return np.array([
-            x * RIGHT + y * UP + noise_factor * np.random.random(3)
-            for n in range(n_repeats)
-            for x in np.arange(x_min, x_max + delta_x, delta_x)
-            for y in np.arange(y_min, y_max + delta_y, delta_y)
+            cs.c2p(*coords) + noise_factor * np.random.random(3)
+            for n in range(self.n_repeats)
+            for coords in sample_coords
         ])
 
-
-# TODO: Make it so that you can have a group of stream_lines
-# varying in response to a changing vector field, and still
-# animate the resulting flow
-class ShowPassingFlashWithThinningStrokeWidth(AnimationGroup):
-    CONFIG = {
-        "n_segments": 10,
-        "time_width": 0.1,
-        "remover": True
-    }
-
-    def __init__(self, vmobject, **kwargs):
-        digest_config(self, kwargs)
-        max_stroke_width = vmobject.get_stroke_width()
-        max_time_width = kwargs.pop("time_width", self.time_width)
-        AnimationGroup.__init__(self, *[
-            ShowPassingFlash(
-                vmobject.deepcopy().set_stroke(width=stroke_width),
-                time_width=time_width,
-                **kwargs
+    def init_style(self):
+        if self.color_by_magnitude:
+            values_to_rgbs = get_vectorized_rgb_gradient_function(
+                *self.magnitude_range, self.color_map,
             )
-            for stroke_width, time_width in zip(
-                np.linspace(0, max_stroke_width, self.n_segments),
-                np.linspace(max_time_width, 0, self.n_segments)
-            )
-        ])
+            cs = self.coordinate_system
+            for line in self.submobjects:
+                norms = [
+                    get_norm(self.func(*cs.p2c(point)))
+                    for point in line.get_points()
+                ]
+                rgbs = values_to_rgbs(norms)
+                rgbas = np.zeros((len(rgbs), 4))
+                rgbas[:, :3] = rgbs
+                rgbas[:, 3] = self.stroke_opacity
+                line.set_rgba_array(rgbas, "stroke_rgba")
+        else:
+            self.set_stroke(self.stroke_color, opacity=self.stroke_opacity)
+
+        if self.taper_stroke_width:
+            width = [0, self.stroke_width, 0]
+        else:
+            width = self.stroke_width
+        self.set_stroke(width=width)
 
 
-# TODO, this is untested after turning it from a
-# ContinualAnimation into a VGroup
 class AnimatedStreamLines(VGroup):
     CONFIG = {
         "lag_range": 4,
-        "line_anim_class": ShowPassingFlash,
+        "line_anim_class": VShowPassingFlash,
         "line_anim_config": {
-            "run_time": 4,
+            # "run_time": 4,
             "rate_func": linear,
-            "time_width": 0.3,
+            "time_width": 0.5,
         },
     }
 
     def __init__(self, stream_lines, **kwargs):
-        VGroup.__init__(self, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
         self.stream_lines = stream_lines
         for line in stream_lines:
-            line.anim = self.line_anim_class(line, **self.line_anim_config)
+            line.anim = self.line_anim_class(
+                line,
+                run_time=line.virtual_time,
+                **self.line_anim_config,
+            )
             line.anim.begin()
             line.time = -self.lag_range * random.random()
             self.add(line.anim.mobject)
@@ -339,3 +268,28 @@ class AnimatedStreamLines(VGroup):
             line.time += dt
             adjusted_time = max(line.time, 0) % line.anim.run_time
             line.anim.update(adjusted_time / line.anim.run_time)
+
+
+# TODO: This class should be deleted
+class ShowPassingFlashWithThinningStrokeWidth(AnimationGroup):
+    CONFIG = {
+        "n_segments": 10,
+        "time_width": 0.1,
+        "remover": True
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, vmobject, **kwargs):
+        digest_config(self, kwargs)
+        max_stroke_width = vmobject.get_stroke_width()
+        max_time_width = kwargs.pop("time_width", self.time_width)
+        AnimationGroup.__init__(self, *[
+            VShowPassingFlash(
+                vmobject.deepcopy().set_stroke(width=stroke_width),
+                time_width=time_width,
+                **kwargs
+            )
+            for stroke_width, time_width in zip(
+                np.linspace(0, max_stroke_width, self.n_segments),
+                np.linspace(max_time_width, 0, self.n_segments)
+            )
+        ])

manimlib/once_useful_constructs/counting.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from manimlib.mobject.svg.tex_mobject import Tex
 from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup
 from manimlib.scene.scene import Scene
 
+import itertools as it
 
 class CountingScene(Scene):
     CONFIG = {
@@ -219,7 +220,7 @@ class CountInTernary(PowerCounter):
     def construct(self):
         self.count(27)
 
-    # def get_template_configuration(self):
+    # def get_template_configuration(self, place):
     #     return [ORIGIN, UP]
 
 
@@ -233,7 +234,7 @@ class CountInBinaryTo256(PowerCounter):
     def construct(self):
         self.count(128, 0.3)
 
-    def get_template_configuration(self):
+    def get_template_configuration(self, place):
         return [ORIGIN, UP]
 
 

manimlib/once_useful_constructs/graph_theory.py

@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ class DiscreteGraphScene(Scene):
         x_coord_of = {root: 0}
         y_coord_of = {root: bottom}
         # width to allocate to a given node, computed as
-        # the maxium number of decendents in a single generation,
+        # the maximum number of decendents in a single generation,
         # minus 1, multiplied by x_sep
         width_of = {}
         for index in indices:

manimlib/once_useful_constructs/light.py

@@ -74,12 +74,14 @@ class SwitchOff(LaggedStartMap):
 
 class Lighthouse(SVGMobject):
     CONFIG = {
-        "file_name": "lighthouse",
         "height": LIGHTHOUSE_HEIGHT,
         "fill_color": WHITE,
         "fill_opacity": 1.0,
     }
 
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__("lighthouse", **kwargs)
+
     def move_to(self, point):
         self.next_to(point, DOWN, buff=0)
 

manimlib/once_useful_constructs/region.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from manimlib.constants import *
 from manimlib.mobject.mobject import Mobject
 from manimlib.utils.iterables import adjacent_pairs
 
-# Warning: This is all now pretty depricated, and should not be expected to work
+# Warning: This is all now pretty deprecated, and should not be expected to work
 
 
 class Region(Mobject):

manimlib/scene/scene.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import inspect
 import random
 import platform
 import itertools as it
-import logging
 from functools import wraps
 
 from tqdm import tqdm as ProgressDisplay
@@ -11,16 +10,17 @@ import time
 
 from manimlib.animation.animation import prepare_animation
 from manimlib.animation.transform import MoveToTarget
-from manimlib.mobject.mobject import Point
 from manimlib.camera.camera import Camera
 from manimlib.constants import DEFAULT_WAIT_TIME
 from manimlib.mobject.mobject import Mobject
+from manimlib.mobject.mobject import Point
 from manimlib.scene.scene_file_writer import SceneFileWriter
 from manimlib.utils.config_ops import digest_config
 from manimlib.utils.family_ops import extract_mobject_family_members
 from manimlib.utils.family_ops import restructure_list_to_exclude_certain_family_members
 from manimlib.event_handler.event_type import EventType
 from manimlib.event_handler import EVENT_DISPATCHER
+from manimlib.logger import log
 
 
 class Scene(object):
@@ -45,16 +45,19 @@ class Scene(object):
             from manimlib.window import Window
             self.window = Window(scene=self, **self.window_config)
             self.camera_config["ctx"] = self.window.ctx
+            self.camera_config["frame_rate"] = 30  # Where's that 30 from?
         else:
             self.window = None
 
         self.camera = self.camera_class(**self.camera_config)
         self.file_writer = SceneFileWriter(self, **self.file_writer_config)
-        self.mobjects = []
+        self.mobjects = [self.camera.frame]
         self.num_plays = 0
         self.time = 0
         self.skip_time = 0
         self.original_skipping_status = self.skip_animations
+        if self.start_at_animation_number is not None:
+            self.skip_animations = True
 
         # Items associated with interaction
         self.mouse_point = Point()
@@ -100,10 +103,12 @@ class Scene(object):
         # If there is a window, enter a loop
         # which updates the frame while under
         # the hood calling the pyglet event loop
+        log.info("Tips: You are now in the interactive mode. Now you can use the keyboard"
+            " and the mouse to interact with the scene. Just press `q` if you want to quit.")
         self.quit_interaction = False
         self.lock_static_mobject_data()
         while not (self.window.is_closing or self.quit_interaction):
-            self.update_frame()
+            self.update_frame(1 / self.camera.frame_rate)
         if self.window.is_closing:
             self.window.destroy()
         if self.quit_interaction:
@@ -117,17 +122,22 @@ class Scene(object):
         self.stop_skipping()
         self.linger_after_completion = False
         self.update_frame()
-        
+
+        # Save scene state at the point of embedding
+        self.save_state()
+
         from IPython.terminal.embed import InteractiveShellEmbed
         shell = InteractiveShellEmbed()
         # Have the frame update after each command
         shell.events.register('post_run_cell', lambda *a, **kw: self.update_frame())
         # Use the locals of the caller as the local namespace
-        # once embeded, and add a few custom shortcuts
+        # once embedded, and add a few custom shortcuts
         local_ns = inspect.currentframe().f_back.f_locals
         local_ns["touch"] = self.interact
         for term in ("play", "wait", "add", "remove", "clear", "save_state", "restore"):
             local_ns[term] = getattr(self, term)
+        log.info("Tips: Now the embed iPython terminal is open. But you can't interact with"
+                 " the window directly. To do so, you need to type `touch()` or `self.interact()`")
         shell(local_ns=local_ns, stack_depth=2)
         # End scene when exiting an embed.
         raise EndSceneEarlyException()
@@ -176,6 +186,13 @@ class Scene(object):
             for mob in self.mobjects
         ])
 
+    def has_time_based_updaters(self):
+        return any([
+            sm.has_time_based_updater()
+            for mob in self.mobjects()
+            for sm in mob.get_family()
+        ])
+
     # Related to time
     def get_time(self):
         return self.time
@@ -247,63 +264,70 @@ class Scene(object):
     def get_mobject_copies(self):
         return [m.copy() for m in self.mobjects]
 
+    def point_to_mobject(self, point, search_set=None, buff=0):
+        """
+        E.g. if clicking on the scene, this returns the top layer mobject
+        under a given point
+        """
+        if search_set is None:
+            search_set = self.mobjects
+        for mobject in reversed(search_set):
+            if mobject.is_point_touching(point, buff=buff):
+                return mobject
+        return None
+
     # Related to skipping
     def update_skipping_status(self):
         if self.start_at_animation_number is not None:
             if self.num_plays == self.start_at_animation_number:
-                self.stop_skipping()
+                self.skip_time = self.time
+                if not self.original_skipping_status:
+                    self.stop_skipping()
         if self.end_at_animation_number is not None:
             if self.num_plays >= self.end_at_animation_number:
                 raise EndSceneEarlyException()
 
     def stop_skipping(self):
-        if self.skip_animations:
-            self.skip_animations = False
-            self.skip_time += self.time
+        self.virtual_animation_start_time = self.time
+        self.skip_animations = False
 
     # Methods associated with running animations
-    def get_time_progression(self, run_time, n_iterations=None, override_skip_animations=False):
+    def get_time_progression(self, run_time, n_iterations=None, desc="", override_skip_animations=False):
         if self.skip_animations and not override_skip_animations:
-            times = [run_time]
+            return [run_time]
         else:
             step = 1 / self.camera.frame_rate
             times = np.arange(0, run_time, step)
-        time_progression = ProgressDisplay(
+
+        if self.file_writer.has_progress_display:
+            self.file_writer.set_progress_display_subdescription(desc)
+            return times
+
+        return ProgressDisplay(
             times,
             total=n_iterations,
             leave=self.leave_progress_bars,
-            ascii=False if platform.system() != 'Windows' else True
+            ascii=True if platform.system() == 'Windows' else None,
+            desc=desc,
         )
-        return time_progression
 
     def get_run_time(self, animations):
         return np.max([animation.run_time for animation in animations])
 
     def get_animation_time_progression(self, animations):
         run_time = self.get_run_time(animations)
-        time_progression = self.get_time_progression(run_time)
-        time_progression.set_description("".join([
-            f"Animation {self.num_plays}: {animations[0]}",
-            ", etc." if len(animations) > 1 else "",
-        ]))
+        description = f"{self.num_plays} {animations[0]}"
+        if len(animations) > 1:
+            description += ", etc."
+        time_progression = self.get_time_progression(run_time, desc=description)
         return time_progression
 
-    def get_wait_time_progression(self, duration, stop_condition):
+    def get_wait_time_progression(self, duration, stop_condition=None):
+        kw = {"desc": f"{self.num_plays} Waiting"}
         if stop_condition is not None:
-            time_progression = self.get_time_progression(
-                duration,
-                n_iterations=-1,  # So it doesn't show % progress
-                override_skip_animations=True
-            )
-            time_progression.set_description(
-                "Waiting for {}".format(stop_condition.__name__)
-            )
-        else:
-            time_progression = self.get_time_progression(duration)
-            time_progression.set_description(
-                "Waiting {}".format(self.num_plays)
-            )
-        return time_progression
+            kw["n_iterations"] = -1  # So it doesn't show % progress
+            kw["override_skip_animations"] = True
+        return self.get_time_progression(duration, **kw)
 
     def anims_from_play_args(self, *args, **kwargs):
         """
@@ -443,10 +467,7 @@ class Scene(object):
     @handle_play_like_call
     def play(self, *args, **kwargs):
         if len(args) == 0:
-            logging.log(
-                logging.WARNING,
-                "Called Scene.play with no animations"
-            )
+            log.warning("Called Scene.play with no animations")
             return
         animations = self.anims_from_play_args(*args, **kwargs)
         self.lock_static_mobject_data(*animations)
@@ -458,27 +479,18 @@ class Scene(object):
     @handle_play_like_call
     def wait(self, duration=DEFAULT_WAIT_TIME, stop_condition=None):
         self.update_mobjects(dt=0)  # Any problems with this?
-        if self.should_update_mobjects():
-            self.lock_static_mobject_data()
-            time_progression = self.get_wait_time_progression(duration, stop_condition)
-            last_t = 0
-            for t in time_progression:
-                dt = t - last_t
-                last_t = t
-                self.update_frame(dt)
-                self.emit_frame()
-                if stop_condition is not None and stop_condition():
-                    time_progression.close()
-                    break
-            self.unlock_mobject_data()
-        elif self.skip_animations:
-            # Do nothing
-            return self
-        else:
-            self.update_frame(duration)
-            n_frames = int(duration * self.camera.frame_rate)
-            for n in range(n_frames):
-                self.emit_frame()
+        self.lock_static_mobject_data()
+        time_progression = self.get_wait_time_progression(duration, stop_condition)
+        last_t = 0
+        for t in time_progression:
+            dt = t - last_t
+            last_t = t
+            self.update_frame(dt)
+            self.emit_frame()
+            if stop_condition is not None and stop_condition():
+                time_progression.close()
+                break
+        self.unlock_mobject_data()
         return self
 
     def wait_until(self, stop_condition, max_time=60):
@@ -570,7 +582,7 @@ class Scene(object):
         frame = self.camera.frame
         if self.window.is_key_pressed(ord("z")):
             factor = 1 + np.arctan(10 * offset[1])
-            frame.scale(factor, about_point=point)
+            frame.scale(1/factor, about_point=point)
         else:
             transform = frame.get_inverse_camera_rotation_matrix()
             shift = np.dot(np.transpose(transform), offset)
@@ -586,7 +598,7 @@ class Scene(object):
         try:
             char = chr(symbol)
         except OverflowError:
-            print(" Warning: The value of the pressed key is too large.")
+            log.warning("The value of the pressed key is too large.")
             return
 
         event_data = {"symbol": symbol, "modifiers": modifiers}

manimlib/scene/scene_file_writer.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import subprocess as sp
 import os
 import sys
 import platform
+from tqdm import tqdm as ProgressDisplay
 
 from manimlib.constants import FFMPEG_BIN
 from manimlib.utils.config_ops import digest_config
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ from manimlib.utils.file_ops import guarantee_existence
 from manimlib.utils.file_ops import add_extension_if_not_present
 from manimlib.utils.file_ops import get_sorted_integer_files
 from manimlib.utils.sounds import get_full_sound_file_path
+from manimlib.logger import log
 
 
 class SceneFileWriter(object):
@@ -34,12 +36,15 @@ class SceneFileWriter(object):
         "open_file_upon_completion": False,
         "show_file_location_upon_completion": False,
         "quiet": False,
+        "total_frames": 0,
+        "progress_description_len": 60,
     }
 
     def __init__(self, scene, **kwargs):
         digest_config(self, kwargs)
         self.scene = scene
         self.writing_process = None
+        self.has_progress_display = False
         self.init_output_directories()
         self.init_audio()
 
@@ -71,10 +76,14 @@ class SceneFileWriter(object):
         return path
 
     def get_default_scene_name(self):
-        if self.file_name is None:
-            return self.scene.__class__.__name__
-        else:
-            return self.file_name
+        name = str(self.scene)
+        saan = self.scene.start_at_animation_number
+        eaan = self.scene.end_at_animation_number
+        if saan is not None:
+            name += f"_{saan}"
+        if eaan is not None:
+            name += f"_{eaan}"
+        return name
 
     def get_resolution_directory(self):
         pixel_height = self.scene.camera.pixel_height
@@ -183,7 +192,7 @@ class SceneFileWriter(object):
             '-s', f'{width}x{height}',  # size of one frame
             '-pix_fmt', 'rgba',
             '-r', str(fps),  # frames per second
-            '-i', '-',  # The imput comes from a pipe
+            '-i', '-',  # The input comes from a pipe
             '-vf', 'vflip',
             '-an',  # Tells FFMPEG not to expect any audio
             '-loglevel', 'error',
@@ -204,15 +213,39 @@ class SceneFileWriter(object):
         command += [self.temp_file_path]
         self.writing_process = sp.Popen(command, stdin=sp.PIPE)
 
+        if self.total_frames > 0:
+            self.progress_display = ProgressDisplay(
+                range(self.total_frames),
+                # bar_format="{l_bar}{bar}|{n_fmt}/{total_fmt}",
+                leave=False,
+                ascii=True if platform.system() == 'Windows' else None,
+                dynamic_ncols=True,
+            )
+            self.has_progress_display = True
+
+    def set_progress_display_subdescription(self, sub_desc):
+        desc_len = self.progress_description_len
+        file = os.path.split(self.get_movie_file_path())[1]
+        full_desc = f"Rendering {file} ({sub_desc})"
+        if len(full_desc) > desc_len:
+            full_desc = full_desc[:desc_len - 4] + "...)"
+        else:
+            full_desc += " " * (desc_len - len(full_desc))
+        self.progress_display.set_description(full_desc)
+
     def write_frame(self, camera):
         if self.write_to_movie:
             raw_bytes = camera.get_raw_fbo_data()
             self.writing_process.stdin.write(raw_bytes)
+            if self.has_progress_display:
+                self.progress_display.update()
 
     def close_movie_pipe(self):
         self.writing_process.stdin.close()
         self.writing_process.wait()
         self.writing_process.terminate()
+        if self.has_progress_display:
+            self.progress_display.close()
         shutil.move(self.temp_file_path, self.final_file_path)
 
     def combine_movie_files(self):
@@ -231,7 +264,7 @@ class SceneFileWriter(object):
             **kwargs
         )
         if len(partial_movie_files) == 0:
-            print("No animations in this scene")
+            log.warning("No animations in this scene")
             return
 
         # Write a file partial_file_list.txt containing all
@@ -275,7 +308,7 @@ class SceneFileWriter(object):
         )
         temp_file_path = stem + "_temp" + ext
         commands = [
-            "ffmpeg",
+            FFMPEG_BIN,
             "-i", movie_file_path,
             "-i", sound_file_path,
             '-y',  # overwrite output file if it exists
@@ -300,7 +333,8 @@ class SceneFileWriter(object):
         self.print_file_ready_message(file_path)
 
     def print_file_ready_message(self, file_path):
-        print(f"\nFile ready at {file_path}\n")
+        if not self.quiet:
+            log.info(f"File ready at {file_path}")
 
     def should_open_file(self):
         return any([

manimlib/shaders/image/frag.glsl

@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ out vec4 frag_color;
 
 void main() {
     frag_color = texture(Texture, v_im_coords);
-    frag_color.a = v_opacity;
+    frag_color.a *= v_opacity;
 }

manimlib/shaders/inserts/add_light.glsl

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-///// INSERT COLOR_MAP FUNCTION HERE /////
-
-vec4 add_light(vec4 color,
-               vec3 point,
-               vec3 unit_normal,
-               vec3 light_coords,
-               float gloss,
-               float shadow){
-    ///// INSERT COLOR FUNCTION HERE /////
-    // The line above may be replaced by arbitrary code snippets, as per
-    // the method Mobject.set_color_by_code
-    if(gloss == 0.0 && shadow == 0.0) return color;
-
-    // TODO, do we actually want this?  It effectively treats surfaces as two-sided
-    if(unit_normal.z < 0){
-            unit_normal *= -1;
-    }
-
-    // TODO, read this in as a uniform?
-    float camera_distance = 6;  
-    // Assume everything has already been rotated such that camera is in the z-direction
-    vec3 to_camera = vec3(0, 0, camera_distance) - point;
-    vec3 to_light = light_coords - point;
-    vec3 light_reflection = -to_light + 2 * unit_normal * dot(to_light, unit_normal);
-    float dot_prod = dot(normalize(light_reflection), normalize(to_camera));
-    float shine = gloss * exp(-3 * pow(1 - dot_prod, 2));
-    float dp2 = dot(normalize(to_light), unit_normal);
-    float darkening = mix(1, max(dp2, 0), shadow);
-    return vec4(
-            darkening * mix(color.rgb, vec3(1.0), shine),
-            color.a
-    );
-}
-
-vec4 finalize_color(vec4 color,
-                    vec3 point,
-                    vec3 unit_normal,
-                    vec3 light_coords,
-                    float gloss,
-                    float shadow){
-    // Put insertion here instead
-    return add_light(color, point, unit_normal, light_coords, gloss, shadow);
-}

manimlib/shaders/inserts/camera_uniform_declarations.glsl

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 uniform vec2 frame_shape;
 uniform float anti_alias_width;
-uniform vec3 camera_center;
+uniform vec3 camera_offset;
 uniform mat3 camera_rotation;
 uniform float is_fixed_in_frame;
 uniform float focal_distance;

manimlib/shaders/inserts/complex_functions.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+vec2 complex_mult(vec2 z, vec2 w){
+    return vec2(z.x * w.x - z.y * w.y, z.x * w.y + z.y * w.x);
+}
+
+vec2 complex_div(vec2 z, vec2 w){
+    return complex_mult(z, vec2(w.x, -w.y)) / (w.x * w.x + w.y * w.y);
+}
+
+vec2 complex_pow(vec2 z, int n){
+    vec2 result = vec2(1.0, 0.0);
+    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
+        result = complex_mult(result, z);
+    }
+    return result;
+}

manimlib/shaders/inserts/finalize_color.glsl

@@ -13,39 +13,56 @@ vec4 add_light(vec4 color,
                vec3 point,
                vec3 unit_normal,
                vec3 light_coords,
+               vec3 cam_coords,
+               float reflectiveness,
                float gloss,
                float shadow){
-    if(gloss == 0.0 && shadow == 0.0) return color;
+    if(reflectiveness == 0.0 && gloss == 0.0 && shadow == 0.0) return color;
 
-    // TODO, do we actually want this?  It effectively treats surfaces as two-sided
-    if(unit_normal.z < 0){
-            unit_normal *= -1;
-    }
-
-    // TODO, read this in as a uniform?
-    float camera_distance = 6;  
+    vec4 result = color;
     // Assume everything has already been rotated such that camera is in the z-direction
-    vec3 to_camera = vec3(0, 0, camera_distance) - point;
-    vec3 to_light = light_coords - point;
+    // cam_coords = vec3(0, 0, focal_distance);
+    vec3 to_camera = normalize(cam_coords - point);
+    vec3 to_light = normalize(light_coords - point);
+
+    // Note, this effectively treats surfaces as two-sided
+    // if(dot(to_camera, unit_normal) < 0) unit_normal *= -1;
+
+    float light_to_normal = dot(to_light, unit_normal);
+    // When unit normal points towards light, brighten
+    float bright_factor = max(light_to_normal, 0) * reflectiveness;
+    // For glossy surface, add extra shine if light beam go towards camera
     vec3 light_reflection = -to_light + 2 * unit_normal * dot(to_light, unit_normal);
-    float dot_prod = dot(normalize(light_reflection), normalize(to_camera));
-    float shine = gloss * exp(-3 * pow(1 - dot_prod, 2));
-    float dp2 = dot(normalize(to_light), unit_normal);
-    float darkening = mix(1, max(dp2, 0), shadow);
-    return vec4(
-            darkening * mix(color.rgb, vec3(1.0), shine),
-            color.a
-    );
+    float light_to_cam = dot(light_reflection, to_camera);
+    float shine = gloss * exp(-3 * pow(1 - light_to_cam, 2));
+    bright_factor += shine;
+
+    result.rgb = mix(result.rgb, vec3(1.0), bright_factor);
+    if (light_to_normal < 0){
+        // Darken
+        result.rgb = mix(result.rgb, vec3(0.0), -light_to_normal * shadow);
+    }
+    // float darkening = mix(1, max(light_to_normal, 0), shadow);
+    // return vec4(
+    //     darkening * mix(color.rgb, vec3(1.0), shine),
+    //     color.a
+    // );
+    return result;
 }
 
 vec4 finalize_color(vec4 color,
                     vec3 point,
                     vec3 unit_normal,
                     vec3 light_coords,
+                    vec3 cam_coords,
+                    float reflectiveness,
                     float gloss,
                     float shadow){
     ///// INSERT COLOR FUNCTION HERE /////
     // The line above may be replaced by arbitrary code snippets, as per
     // the method Mobject.set_color_by_code
-    return add_light(color, point, unit_normal, light_coords, gloss, shadow);
+    return add_light(
+        color, point, unit_normal, light_coords, cam_coords,
+        reflectiveness, gloss, shadow
+    );
 }

manimlib/shaders/inserts/get_rotated_surface_unit_normal_vector.glsl

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Assumes the following uniforms exist in the surrounding context:
-// uniform vec3 camera_center;
+// uniform vec3 camera_offset;
 // uniform mat3 camera_rotation;
 
 vec3 get_rotated_surface_unit_normal_vector(vec3 point, vec3 du_point, vec3 dv_point){

manimlib/shaders/inserts/position_point_into_frame.glsl

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Assumes the following uniforms exist in the surrounding context:
 // uniform float is_fixed_in_frame;
-// uniform vec3 camera_center;
+// uniform vec3 camera_offset;
 // uniform mat3 camera_rotation;
 
 vec3 rotate_point_into_frame(vec3 point){
@@ -15,5 +15,5 @@ vec3 position_point_into_frame(vec3 point){
     if(bool(is_fixed_in_frame)){
         return point;
     }
-    return rotate_point_into_frame(point - camera_center);
+    return rotate_point_into_frame(point - camera_offset);
 }

manimlib/shaders/mandelbrot_fractal/frag.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#version 330
+
+uniform vec3 light_source_position;
+uniform vec3 camera_position;
+uniform float reflectiveness;
+uniform float gloss;
+uniform float shadow;
+uniform float focal_distance;
+
+uniform vec2 parameter;
+uniform float opacity;
+uniform float n_steps;
+uniform float mandelbrot;
+
+uniform vec3 color0;
+uniform vec3 color1;
+uniform vec3 color2;
+uniform vec3 color3;
+uniform vec3 color4;
+uniform vec3 color5;
+uniform vec3 color6;
+uniform vec3 color7;
+uniform vec3 color8;
+
+uniform vec2 frame_shape;
+
+in vec3 xyz_coords;
+
+out vec4 frag_color;
+
+#INSERT finalize_color.glsl
+#INSERT complex_functions.glsl
+
+const int MAX_DEGREE = 5;
+
+void main() {
+    vec3 color_map[9] = vec3[9](
+        color0, color1, color2, color3,
+        color4, color5, color6, color7, color8
+    );
+    vec3 color;
+
+    vec2 z;
+    vec2 c;
+
+    if(bool(mandelbrot)){
+        c = xyz_coords.xy;
+        z = vec2(0.0, 0.0);
+    }else{
+        c = parameter;
+        z = xyz_coords.xy;
+    }
+
+    float outer_bound = 2.0;
+    bool stable = true;
+    for(int n = 0; n < int(n_steps); n++){
+        z = complex_mult(z, z) + c;
+        if(length(z) > outer_bound){
+            float float_n = float(n);
+            float_n += log(outer_bound) / log(length(z));
+            float_n += 0.5 * length(c);
+            color = float_to_color(sqrt(float_n), 1.5, 8.0, color_map);
+            stable = false;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if(stable){
+        color = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+    }
+
+    frag_color = finalize_color(
+        vec4(color, opacity),
+        xyz_coords,
+        vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
+        light_source_position,
+        camera_position,
+        reflectiveness,
+        gloss,
+        shadow
+    );
+ }

manimlib/shaders/mandelbrot_fractal/vert.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#version 330
+
+#INSERT camera_uniform_declarations.glsl
+
+in vec3 point;
+out vec3 xyz_coords;
+
+uniform float scale_factor;
+uniform vec3 offset;
+
+#INSERT position_point_into_frame.glsl
+#INSERT get_gl_Position.glsl
+
+void main(){
+    xyz_coords = (point - offset) / scale_factor;
+    gl_Position = get_gl_Position(position_point_into_frame(point));
+}

manimlib/shaders/newton_fractal/frag.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+#version 330
+
+uniform vec3 light_source_position;
+uniform vec3 camera_position;
+uniform float reflectiveness;
+uniform float gloss;
+uniform float shadow;
+uniform float focal_distance;
+
+uniform vec4 color0;
+uniform vec4 color1;
+uniform vec4 color2;
+uniform vec4 color3;
+uniform vec4 color4;
+
+uniform vec2 coef0;
+uniform vec2 coef1;
+uniform vec2 coef2;
+uniform vec2 coef3;
+uniform vec2 coef4;
+uniform vec2 coef5;
+
+uniform vec2 root0;
+uniform vec2 root1;
+uniform vec2 root2;
+uniform vec2 root3;
+uniform vec2 root4;
+
+uniform float n_roots;
+uniform float n_steps;
+uniform float julia_highlight;
+uniform float saturation_factor;
+uniform float black_for_cycles;
+uniform float is_parameter_space;
+
+uniform vec2 frame_shape;
+
+in vec3 xyz_coords;
+
+out vec4 frag_color;
+
+#INSERT finalize_color.glsl
+#INSERT complex_functions.glsl
+
+const int MAX_DEGREE = 5;
+const float CLOSE_ENOUGH = 1e-3;
+
+
+vec2 poly(vec2 z, vec2[MAX_DEGREE + 1] coefs){
+    vec2 result = vec2(0.0);
+    for(int n = 0; n < int(n_roots) + 1; n++){
+        result += complex_mult(coefs[n], complex_pow(z, n));
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+vec2 dpoly(vec2 z, vec2[MAX_DEGREE + 1] coefs){
+    vec2 result = vec2(0.0);
+    for(int n = 1; n < int(n_roots) + 1; n++){
+        result += n * complex_mult(coefs[n], complex_pow(z, n - 1));
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+vec2 seek_root(vec2 z, vec2[MAX_DEGREE + 1] coefs, int max_steps, out float n_iters){
+    float last_len;
+    float curr_len;
+    float threshold = CLOSE_ENOUGH;
+
+    for(int i = 0; i < max_steps; i++){
+        last_len = curr_len;
+        n_iters = float(i);
+        vec2 step = complex_div(poly(z, coefs), dpoly(z, coefs));
+        curr_len = length(step);
+        if(curr_len < threshold){
+            break;
+        }
+        z = z - step;
+    }
+    n_iters -= log(curr_len) / log(threshold);
+
+    return z;
+}
+
+
+void main() {
+    vec2[MAX_DEGREE + 1] coefs = vec2[MAX_DEGREE + 1](coef0, coef1, coef2, coef3, coef4, coef5);
+    vec2[MAX_DEGREE] roots = vec2[MAX_DEGREE](root0, root1, root2, root3, root4);
+    vec4[MAX_DEGREE] colors = vec4[MAX_DEGREE](color0, color1, color2, color3, color4);
+
+    vec2 z = xyz_coords.xy;
+
+    if(is_parameter_space > 0){
+        // In this case, pixel should correspond to one of the roots
+        roots[2] = xyz_coords.xy;
+        vec2 r0 = roots[0];
+        vec2 r1 = roots[1];
+        vec2 r2 = roots[2];
+
+        // It is assumed that the polynomial is cubid...
+        coefs[0] = -complex_mult(complex_mult(r0, r1), r2);
+        coefs[1] = complex_mult(r0, r1) + complex_mult(r0, r2) + complex_mult(r1, r2);
+        coefs[2] = -(r0 + r1 + r2);
+        coefs[3] = vec2(1.0, 0.0);
+
+        // Seed value is always center of the roots
+        z = -coefs[2] / 3.0;
+    }
+
+    float n_iters;
+    vec2 found_root = seek_root(z, coefs, int(n_steps), n_iters);
+
+    vec4 color = vec4(0.0);
+    float min_dist = 1e10;
+    float dist;
+    for(int i = 0; i < int(n_roots); i++){
+        dist = distance(roots[i], found_root);
+        if(dist < min_dist){
+            min_dist = dist;
+            color = colors[i];
+        }
+    }
+    color *= 1.0 + (0.01 * saturation_factor) * (n_iters - 2 * saturation_factor);
+
+    if(black_for_cycles > 0 && min_dist > CLOSE_ENOUGH){
+        color = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+    }
+
+    if(julia_highlight > 0.0){
+        float radius = julia_highlight;
+        vec2[4] samples = vec2[4](
+            z + vec2(radius, 0.0),
+            z + vec2(-radius, 0.0),
+            z + vec2(0.0, radius),
+            z + vec2(0.0, -radius)
+        );
+        for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
+            for(int j = 0; j < n_steps; j++){
+                vec2 z = samples[i];
+                z = z - complex_div(poly(z, coefs), dpoly(z, coefs));
+                samples[i] = z;
+            }
+        }
+        float max_dist = 0.0;
+        for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
+            max_dist = max(max_dist, distance(samples[i], samples[(i + 1) % 4]));
+        }
+        color *= 1.0 * smoothstep(0, 0.1, max_dist);
+    }
+
+    frag_color = finalize_color(
+        color,
+        xyz_coords,
+        vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
+        light_source_position,
+        camera_position,
+        reflectiveness,
+        gloss,
+        shadow
+    );
+ }

manimlib/shaders/newton_fractal/vert.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#version 330
+
+#INSERT camera_uniform_declarations.glsl
+
+in vec3 point;
+out vec3 xyz_coords;
+
+uniform float scale_factor;
+uniform vec3 offset;
+
+#INSERT position_point_into_frame.glsl
+#INSERT get_gl_Position.glsl
+
+void main(){
+    xyz_coords = (point - offset) / scale_factor;
+    gl_Position = get_gl_Position(position_point_into_frame(point));
+}

manimlib/shaders/quadratic_bezier_fill/frag.glsl

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #INSERT camera_uniform_declarations.glsl
 
 in vec4 color;
-in float fill_all;  // Either 0 or 1e
+in float fill_all;  // Either 0 or 1
 in float uv_anti_alias_width;
 
 in vec3 xyz_coords;

manimlib/shaders/quadratic_bezier_fill/geom.glsl

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ uniform float focal_distance;
 uniform float is_fixed_in_frame;
 // Needed for finalize_color
 uniform vec3 light_source_position;
+uniform vec3 camera_position;
+uniform float reflectiveness;
 uniform float gloss;
 uniform float shadow;
 
@@ -44,6 +46,8 @@ void emit_vertex_wrapper(vec3 point, int index){
         point,
         v_global_unit_normal[index],
         light_source_position,
+        camera_position,
+        reflectiveness,
         gloss,
         shadow
     );

manimlib/shaders/quadratic_bezier_stroke/geom.glsl

@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ uniform float flat_stroke;
 
 //Needed for lighting
 uniform vec3 light_source_position;
+uniform vec3 camera_position;
 uniform float joint_type;
+uniform float reflectiveness;
 uniform float gloss;
 uniform float shadow;
 
@@ -259,6 +261,8 @@ void main() {
             xyz_coords,
             v_global_unit_normal[index_map[i]],
             light_source_position,
+            camera_position,
+            reflectiveness,
             gloss,
             shadow
         );

manimlib/shaders/surface/frag.glsl

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 #version 330
 
 uniform vec3 light_source_position;
+uniform vec3 camera_position;
+uniform float reflectiveness;
 uniform float gloss;
 uniform float shadow;
+uniform float focal_distance;
 
 in vec3 xyz_coords;
 in vec3 v_normal;
@@ -18,6 +21,8 @@ void main() {
         xyz_coords,
         normalize(v_normal),
         light_source_position,
+        camera_position,
+        reflectiveness,
         gloss,
         shadow
     );

manimlib/shaders/textured_surface/frag.glsl

@@ -4,8 +4,11 @@ uniform sampler2D LightTexture;
 uniform sampler2D DarkTexture;
 uniform float num_textures;
 uniform vec3 light_source_position;
+uniform vec3 camera_position;
+uniform float reflectiveness;
 uniform float gloss;
 uniform float shadow;
+uniform float focal_distance;
 
 in vec3 xyz_coords;
 in vec3 v_normal;
@@ -35,6 +38,8 @@ void main() {
         xyz_coords,
         normalize(v_normal),
         light_source_position,
+        camera_position,
+        reflectiveness,
         gloss,
         shadow
     );

manimlib/shaders/true_dot/frag.glsl

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 #version 330
 
 uniform vec3 light_source_position;
+uniform vec3 camera_position;
+uniform float reflectiveness;
 uniform float gloss;
 uniform float shadow;
 uniform float anti_alias_width;
+uniform float focal_distance;
+uniform float glow_factor;
 
 in vec4 color;
 in float radius;
@@ -21,14 +25,23 @@ void main() {
     if (signed_dist > 0.5 * anti_alias_width){
         discard;
     }
-    vec3 normal = vec3(diff / radius, sqrt(1 - (dist * dist) / (radius * radius)));
-    frag_color = finalize_color(
-        color,
-        vec3(point.xy, 0.0),
-        normal,
-        light_source_position,
-        gloss,
-        shadow
-    );
+    frag_color = color;
+    if(gloss > 0 || shadow > 0){
+        vec3 normal = vec3(diff / radius, sqrt(1 - (dist * dist) / (radius * radius)));
+        frag_color = finalize_color(
+            frag_color,
+            vec3(point.xy, 0.0),
+            normal,
+            light_source_position,
+            camera_position,
+            reflectiveness,
+            gloss,
+            shadow
+        );
+    }
+    if(glow_factor > 0){
+        frag_color.a *= pow(1 - dist / radius, glow_factor);
+    }
+
     frag_color.a *= smoothstep(0.5, -0.5, signed_dist / anti_alias_width);
 }

manimlib/utils/bezier.py

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import numpy as np
 from manimlib.utils.simple_functions import choose
 from manimlib.utils.space_ops import find_intersection
 from manimlib.utils.space_ops import cross2d
+from manimlib.utils.space_ops import midpoint
+from manimlib.logger import log
 
 CLOSED_THRESHOLD = 0.001
 
@@ -67,9 +69,9 @@ def interpolate(start, end, alpha):
     try:
         return (1 - alpha) * start + alpha * end
     except TypeError:
-        print(type(start), start.dtype)
-        print(type(end), start.dtype)
-        print(alpha)
+        log.debug(f"`start` parameter with type `{type(start)}` and dtype `{start.dtype}`")
+        log.debug(f"`end` parameter with type `{type(end)}` and dtype `{end.dtype}`")
+        log.debug(f"`alpha` parameter with value `{alpha}`")
         import sys
         sys.exit(2)
 
@@ -130,6 +132,8 @@ def get_smooth_quadratic_bezier_handle_points(points):
     another that would produce a parabola passing through P0, call it smooth_to_left,
     and use the midpoint between the two.
     """
+    if len(points) == 2:
+        return midpoint(*points)
     smooth_to_right, smooth_to_left = [
         0.25 * ps[0:-2] + ps[1:-1] - 0.25 * ps[2:]
         for ps in (points, points[::-1])
@@ -157,7 +161,7 @@ def get_smooth_cubic_bezier_handle_points(points):
     l, u = 2, 1
     # diag is a representation of the matrix in diagonal form
     # See https://www.particleincell.com/2012/bezier-splines/
-    # for how to arive at these equations
+    # for how to arrive at these equations
     diag = np.zeros((l + u + 1, 2 * num_handles))
     diag[0, 1::2] = -1
     diag[0, 2::2] = 1

manimlib/utils/color.py

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ from colour import Color
 import numpy as np
 
 from manimlib.constants import WHITE
+from manimlib.constants import COLORMAP_3B1B
 from manimlib.utils.bezier import interpolate
-from manimlib.utils.simple_functions import clip_in_place
-from manimlib.utils.space_ops import normalize
+from manimlib.utils.iterables import resize_with_interpolation
 
 
 def color_to_rgb(color):
@@ -103,21 +103,23 @@ def random_color():
     return Color(rgb=(random.random() for i in range(3)))
 
 
-def get_shaded_rgb(rgb, point, unit_normal_vect, light_source):
-    to_sun = normalize(light_source - point)
-    factor = 0.5 * np.dot(unit_normal_vect, to_sun)**3
-    if factor < 0:
-        factor *= 0.5
-    result = rgb + factor
-    clip_in_place(rgb + factor, 0, 1)
-    return result
-
-
 def get_colormap_list(map_name="viridis", n_colors=9):
+    """
+    Options for map_name:
+    3b1b_colormap
+    magma
+    inferno
+    plasma
+    viridis
+    cividis
+    twilight
+    twilight_shifted
+    turbo
+    """
     from matplotlib.cm import get_cmap
 
-    rgbs = get_cmap(map_name).colors  # Make more general?
-    return [
-        rgbs[int(n)]
-        for n in np.linspace(0, len(rgbs) - 1, n_colors)
-    ]
+    if map_name == "3b1b_colormap":
+        rgbs = [color_to_rgb(color) for color in COLORMAP_3B1B]
+    else:
+        rgbs = get_cmap(map_name).colors  # Make more general?
+    return resize_with_interpolation(np.array(rgbs), n_colors)

manimlib/utils/debug.py

@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@ import time
 from manimlib.constants import BLACK
 from manimlib.mobject.numbers import Integer
 from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup
+from manimlib.logger import log
 
 
 def print_family(mobject, n_tabs=0):
     """For debugging purposes"""
-    print("\t" * n_tabs, mobject, id(mobject))
+    log.debug("\t" * n_tabs + str(mobject) + " " + str(id(mobject)))
     for submob in mobject.submobjects:
         print_family(submob, n_tabs + 1)